The Missionary Review of the World — June 1919

XLII NUMBER

JUNE, i919 THE VALUE OF INOUSTRIAL TRAINING J. DU PLESSIS MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA JOHN M. SPRINGER THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA SIR HARRY JOHNSTONE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO'

SAMUEL .GUY INMAN SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION'

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HARTFORD ~orbon jiible (!College W. Douglas Mackenzie President SCHOOLOFTBEOLOGY 'Theological Seminary SCHOOL OF MISSIONS – Dean, M. W. Jacobus THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Religious-Educational College School of Religious Pedagogy course of 4 years. Graduate School Dean, E. H. Knight of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Kennedy School of Missions legiate and advanced degrees. Two • year collegiate training course. In- Secretary, E. W. Capen terdenominational. A power-house Through these associated schools Hartford of evangelistic spirit, a School of -offers full training for: Prayer, with university standards I. The Clu"lstiu miDistry. of scholarship. N otahle faculty and 2. The whale field of religions edncation. 3. The foru'gn field. student body. New and beautiful fireproof buildings, with dormi- Each school has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together tories. Organized religious work. they form one interdenominational ins!i!Dtion Self-support. For catalog and corwith the unity of common aim and SPlnt. ; respondence, address NATHAN R. WOOD, President Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass..

Please mention TH:E: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE; WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJiior.

CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1919 FRONTISPIECE-SCllNllS IN 'I'Hll KORllAN INDllPllNDllNCll MOVEMllN'l'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • 401 THll LllAGuJt OJ! NA'l'IONS THll LItAGUit OJ! DENOMINA'l'IONS STRUGGLJt YOR LIBllR'l'Y IN KORllA SHALL CHRlS'l'IANS IN'l'1lRVJtNJt IN RUSSIA?

JESUS CHRIST ALL IN ALL. A Bible Study . . By SAMUEL M. ZWllMllR 409 THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS By J. DU PUSSI! 411 An illuminating paper giving reasons for emphasis on industrial training among primitive peoples. Illustrated with photographs.

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA . By JOHN M. SPRINGllR 421 The great need and opportunity in the mineral fields of South Africa, a place where men are ruined or rescued. Illustrated with photographs.

PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA . . By SIR HARRY JOHNS'l'ONit 426 The former governor of British East Africa, an authority on the subject, shows the effect of alcohol on the native races of Africa and the steps toward prohibition.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO. By SAMUllL GUY INMAN 431 A full account of the new program whereby the territory in Mexico is to be divided for missionary work among variof'-S denominations. With map.

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA By JAMES DllXTllR TAYLOR 439 The far reaching effects of the defeat of Germany are clearly shown in re- lation to missions in German colonies.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION By CHARLES A. BROOKS 447 One of the secretaries of the Baptist Home Mission Society shows the in- creased responsibility of the Church in view of the large industrial centers that have developed during the past few years.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 453 WORKING BY PROXY WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMllR 459 CHRISTIAN LI'l'llRA'l'URll YOR MISSION FIllLDS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • 464 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 479 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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RoBItR~ E. Spl!JlR, President D1lLJtVAN L. PIltRSON, Secretory FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAL'l'llR McDOUGALL, Treasurer NATIONAL PROSPERITY DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN BRINGS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missions, devotes 11 chapters in Some VI CP""U"R"'PWOISTEH' With his new book NEW Books Fresh The Mastery of the Far East Statements to the place of Christian missions among the rcconstructh e forces in the Far East, pur- The Business Man tkul'lrly in Korea. He also discusses briland His "Overflow" {81Ml1~ liantly tJ,e political, economic and social phases of the F8.r Eastern situation. WIUIAM E. SWEET MAN 671 pp., map, illustrated, $6.00 A successful business man's prc:o;cnta- APilgrim In Palestine tion of how t.o spend the mur:;in of ono's By JOHN FINLEY =:i:c f~~ :~~rJYp~~r~~,.ivitieCJo;hI,I~J! CommiS8ioner of Education of the Slate of New York Christianity's Unifying Fundamental THOUGHT~1;~ Dr. Finley, long a close student of the HENRY F. WARING LAYMEN Holy r.and, was an ideal choice for Red Cross Comrrissioner to Palestine. He de.cribes Deven)s the realil.y of Christ-and points bere !-is night on the Mount of Olives, h;s journeys on foot from Beersheba to Dan, from the way to the acceptance of that real- Jaffa to Jericho and in many of the "byity in the fullest measure. Clolh~ $l,Z5 paths" to historic places. Illustrated, $2.00 Hearth and Altar FOR THE I[~CHARLES SCRIBNERs SONS OSCAR L. JOSEPH HOME ~FlFTIl AVE.AT48~ST. NEWYORK A five minnIe family devotional sf"A'vice is huilt around a themo for each of thirteen weelu., of great value individually and sociany~ Cloth, $1.2:5 Heroes FOR BOYS HUGH A. MORAN AND PARENTS Twelve ~rentlivf'-s are studied ill n way which Jlelps a hero-Joving hoy to apply the principles of Christiunliving 10 his own life. Cloth, 7St At your Book Store or frOnl us I I lVl'ile for Folder: Ilcconslrucl ion Books ASSOCIATION PRESS YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Publication Department and International Committee, Y .11. C. A. PREACH THE GOSPEL TO 347 MADISON AVENUE – NEW YORK MOHAMMEDANS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .__ . – – – – – – – – – – – – through One of the aims of our advertising depart- The American Christian Literature ment is to be helpful to those of Society for Moslems OUR READERS (Incorporated in 191$) who are seeking infonnation about articles they wish to purchase whether found in This Society is Interdenominational our advertising columns or not. We will Committees of Missionaries Cooperate' on gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil your requirem..nts by putting you the Fields in touch with responsible business houses. .The Literature is Adapted to Moslems OUR ADVERTISERS The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively are deserving of your patronage. We be- They go where no Missionaries are allowed speak for them your consideration. They can be read in secret and rt'peatedly Business Department Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Write fOl' information as to membership, needs, sample tracts, meetings of auxiliaries, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Box 888, New York City OTHER OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pr(;sident Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vi~e President Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Rordru Dr. Frank Mason Nort.h Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fermdl P. Turner Miss Anna 1.. Dawes Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Mrs. Fillh,y J. Shepard Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GUTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY Rtvn:w ot" 'tHlC WORLD in writing to advertisers 1919 Missionary Conferences and Conventions Woman's Summer Schools of Missions JUNE 2- 7-0klahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City. 2- 7–St. Paul, Minn., Mrs. W. B. Smith, 1044 Marshall Avp., St. Paul, Minn. 2- 7-Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 19-26-Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood St., Oak Park, Ill.

26-July 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Ehnwood St., Oak Park, Ill. JULY 1- 8-Northfield, Mass. (Home Missions), Mrs. Tabor Knox, Warwick, New York.

5-12-Mt. Hennon, Cal., Mrs. H. A. Johnson, 2848 Derby St., Berkeley, Cal. 9-17-Northfield, Mass. (Foreign Missions), Miss Helen Calder, 704 Congregational House, Boston, Mass. 17-23-Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. 19-27-Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. E. C. Little, Tarkio, Mo. 2(}-26-Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Lakeside, Ohio. 3(}-Aug. 8-Wooster, Ohio, Mrs. Smith Comley, 57 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio. AUG. 1- 8-Mt. Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 9-17-New Wihnington, Pa., Miss Anna Milligan, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . 24-3O-Chautauqua, New York, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. SEPT. 21-27-DalIas, Texas, Mrs. L. P. Smith,33l9 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Tex. Dates not known-Boulder, Colo., Mrs. B. D. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver, Colo.

-Chambersberg, Pa., Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. -Denton, Tex., Mrs. F. B. Carroll, Denton, Tex. -Monmouth, III., Mrs. T. H. McMichael, Monmouth, Ill. –Sterling, Kans., Mrs. J. W. Duff, Sterling, Kans.

Interchurch World Movement Conferences (Formerly Under the Auspices of the Missionary Education Movement) JUNE 24-July 3-Blue Ridge, N. C., Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St. New York City. JULY 4-13-Silver Bay, New York, Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St., New York City.

11-2o-Estes Park, Colo., Dr. William J. Minchin, 415 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col. 15-24-Asilomar, Cal., Rev. J. C.Worley, 1I01 Wright & Callen dar Bldg., Los AngeJes, Cal. 18-27-0cean Park, Me., Rev. J. P. Broadhead, 53 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Ma5s. 25-Aug. 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Dr. Reuben L. Breed, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. 3(}-Aug. 8-Seabeck, Wash., Rev. John H. Matthj!ws, Sixth and University Sts., Seattle, Wash.

Canadian JUNE 3(}-July 7,…….Whitby, Ontano, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg. Toronto. JULY 1(}-17-Knowlton, Quebec, Rev. H. C. Priest 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

22-29-WolfviIIe, Nova Scotia, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

Miscellaneous JUNE 24-29-China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 507 Church St., Toronto.

JULY 8-13–Summer School of Missions, Oxford, Pa., Rev. C. S. Cleland, 802 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

13-2I-SOuthern Presbyterian Conference, Montreat, North Carolina, Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough, 520 Dehnar Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

16–27-United Evangelical Conference, Baltimore, Ohio, ReV. H. V. Summers, 1410 Wesley Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

2(}-26-Methodist Mis!.ionary Conference, Lakeside, Ohio. 23-Aug. 6-Southern Methodist Conference, Lake Junaluska, N. C., John W. Shack- ford, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 28-Aug. 3-Methodist Missionary Conference, Ocean Grove. N. J., Mrs. Wm. R. Blackie, 239 E. 237th St., New York City. AUG. 1(}-I4–8ummer School of Missions, Xenia, Ohio, Mrs. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio. Pr..sbyterian Young People's Conferences, Rev. Wm. Ralph Hall, Witherspoon Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. Reformed Church Conferences, Rev. John H. Poorman, 15th & Race Sts.; Philadelphia, Pa. Canadian Conferences, Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D., 299 Queen St., West, 'toronto. Christian and Missionary Alliance Conference~, Rev. R. H. Glover, M. D., 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

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the large, bold type. EDITORIAL"AND BUSINESS CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" t~e .~ GERMAN MISSIONARIES IN t'f~e' 8 'ua.a.v. "to,. …. CHINA )~"~a.. oo,.,..avo~a..~oe. Some misSIOnaries in China object very strongly to the action of the Al- ~y Sund4Y School set'c8$. lies in compelling the Chinese Government to expel two hundred German "Many Typewriters In One" Protestant missionaries from the Republic. At the request of a number "l!B Would ~ou like to know wlw the of missionaries from other countries, the Government exempted these Ger- ~tlP~",,~…am.,j°;~:J.r W~ul:n man missionaries from deportation, but is now compelled to reverse the you in 'our words: decision. The churches, schools, and hospitals of these German nlissions Because of iu yer. .tlllty! aries must be closed and thousands of young Chinese Christians left unshep- The Multiplex Hammond does everyherded, unless other Protestant mis- thing any other typewriter wUl do, sionaries can assume responsibility for and Iwlid••, U yon "Just turn the the work. The Chiinese connected knob" you can change from ODe style with the German missions have beg- of $ype, or from one langcage. to anged that their pastors might remain, other. Note the ahove speclmeu but their appeals have been unavail- (slightly redueed) all Vlril"" 0" IA. ing. The missionaries of Allied SAMB tnachin•• countries do not desire the enforcement of this decree, but the Allied No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. governments demand it. No matter IDh. American Motherhood you "ret what 70U For Every Home in the Land are. or whaTe you are. the Multiplex Reco,nized Authority on HammODd Is the writID g maehlne The MOTHER for YOU. Mall The CHILD and The HOME ~~e':, i~':f'::~ for $1.25 per Year Also a PORTABLE Model With MI..lonary Review, $3.15 Full capacity. Weight about 11 POUDds. Ask Cor special Colder. Mailed Cree. THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Inquire abQut apecial terms to Cooperstown, N. Y. p r o f• •s i o n a l a ____________Free Folder____________• THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Eaat 69th St •• New York City. Please send tree Folder to: Name________________________ ____________________ Ad~I OCCUpatJOD _______________ Please mention THJt. MISSIONARY R~VI~W OJ? THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers fACTS WORTH QUOTJING For the industrial training of the native some forty schools, all in receipt of government aid, have been established in connection with missionary societies in various parts of South Africa. The ag'gregate enrollment in these institutions in 1914 was 1800 pupils. (See page 420.) Civilization has overtaken the A fricon, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses and thus compelling him to labor. If he is to survive, it is clear that he must develop new methods and new habits of industry. (See page 414.) Africa, equally with the Balkans, has been the powder magazine of the world. War clouds have hung over Europe more than once because of what European govern- ments were doing in Africa. In Africa are not only the possible spoils of war, but a great opportunity for an experiment in international government. (See page 435.) The full meaning of democracy has not penetrated the mind of the pagan African, nor does he understand the ideals of the League of Nations, but the war has created a psychological atmosphere for missionary work The native is coming ·to recognize education as the basis of the white man's power, and the place where that education is accessible is the mission station. (See page 437.) Mohammedanism has suffered less and benefited more by the war than has Christianity. Christian propaganda centers in schools and mission stations, which in many in- .stances have been closed during the war; while the Mohammedan propaganda cen- tCC"S in the trader, who can qnickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. (See page 439.) The native Africa!, Church has shown the faith and endurance that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In spite of suffering and persecution, progress toward ·self-suport has been steadily made. Everywhere the native Christian has seized the opportunity of carrying the gospel to other tribes, and as a steadying influence in' the overseas labor corps, he won high praise. (See page 44l.) Each of the eight Boards cooperating in the new program for Mexico will develop an agricultural and mechanical coJlege, strategically located, all of which will be under the supervision of one general secretary, vho will coordinate these schools and endeavor to cooperate with the government and people in a solution of the land problems. (See page 43l.) Seven churches have grown alit of the Presbyterian Chnrch at Elat, West Africa, yet the present membership is over 4000. At an average communion service recently 55 babies and 225 adults were baptized, and 300 persons examined for membership. (See page 464.) A Hindu political leader of prominence reads the New Testament every day, and asserts that the best of all religions is found in the Christian faith which, he says, should be interpreted for India in the light of Hindu metaphysics, rather than Jewish. (See page 470.) A survey of Mexico in 1914 disclosed the fact one city of 35000 had three strong mis- sion normal schools, while another whole state with a million population had not a single evang'e1ica! school. The fads revealed in this survey have brought about a redistribution of territory for missionary work. (See page 431.) In 1800 eighty per cent of the people in America culti"ated the soil. Today only twenty- four per cent are farmers. There arc seventeen great cities in the United States, each of which is larger than any aile of our ten smallest states, yet our ability to create satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with this changed industrial situa- tion. (See page 447.) N at in vain have the mission schools throughout the world been sending out graduates by the thousand year by year. In India not less than a million new literates are being produced each year, and the governme!it of Japan has seen to it that the people are being taught to read. Literacy among women is growing in the Far East. Must we not send Christian literature to satisfy this thirst for knowledge? (See" page 460.)

~C7 Shall Christians Intervene in Russia?

.. . . . . . . .w '…. LI A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . ..

OUR YEW OF THE WOIUJ) Industrial Training in Missions IN THIS NUMBEI LEADINC AR11a.t.S AND mrrOlUAI::.S AU. INDICATEJ) ItT T1TLE5 THE NUMBER OF NEWS ~ ON EACH COUNTRY IIINDlCAnD BY AItABIC JlUMEltALS

VIII

THE JAPANESE GUARD IN SEOUL, KOREA 'l'hese soldiers kept streets clear arid endeavored to keep Korean shops open A KOREAN CROWD OF NON-RF,SIS'l'ING DI,MONSTRATORS Such peaceful crowds as this were beaten, bayonetted and shot by the Jap3nese SCENES IN THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL J U N E , 1 9 19 NUMBBB SIX XLII THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS I T seems incomprehensible that nineteen centuries can have passed since the coming of Christ into the world and that men have not yet learned a better way to settle disputes than by recourse to arms. The recent war, with its fabulous expenditure of life, money and other resources, has brought about a general desire on the part of civilized nations for the settlement of questions by an appeal to reason and justice rather than by an appeal to force. Militarism has been weighed in the balances and has been found wanting. It will take decades for the world to recover from the results of the recent world war.

Is right to be substituted for physical might as a basis for peace T The need is unquestioned. Disputes and disagreements are certain to arise. Nations desire to expand and to prosper commercially. Primitive peoples are unfit to- govern themselves and yet are unwilling to be under the domination of a foreign power. Some nations are still only partly civilized or have differing ethical standards so that they cannot agree among themselves or with more enlightened nations. Japan desires Korea and takes the peninsula by force rather than have it in possess,ion of her rival, Russia. She seeks Shantung and Manchuria for expansion, and plans to secure the territory,regardless of China's rights. Italy wants Fiume and the Dalmatian Coast, and withdraws from the Peace Conference to enforce her demands. Belgium is dissatisfied with the indemnity awards. Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans are still in turmoil. Egyptians, Arabians, Syrians, Indians and Africans are making their demands and threaten trouble, if they are kept in subjection to European powers. The Philippines demand independence. Ireland struggles to be free from British control. Mexico is still a hot bed of insurrection, and 401

many other states of Latin America are continually on the verge of border warfare or internal revolution. What is to be done to preserve peace ~ The League of Nations is man's answer. It is expected that this League will be adopted. by the Peace Conference .before this number reaches our subscribers, and that it will be adopted by the Allied nations soon afterward. The Covenant provides that the thir- ty-two signatories to the Treaty of Peace, the thirteen other nations invited to become charter members, and such others as are later admitted by a two-thirds vote may become members of the League.

The Council is to consist of representatives of the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, together with four other members elected from the Assembly which· includes representatives of all the members of the League. Geneva, Switzerland, has been selected as the first seat of the League and Sir James Eric Drummond is the first General Secretary.

No present decision has been reached as to the limitation of armaments, although the wisdom of such limitation is acknowl- edged. Any war or threat of war is considered a matter of con- cern to the League. Disputes between members likely to lead to a rupture are to be first submitted to the League for arbitration and no nation will resort to war until three·months after the re- port by the Council or the award by the arbitrators. A disregard of the covenants Of the League is to be punished by expulsion and "boycotting" the offending nation, and by such forcible means as may be deemed wise.

The German Colonies and Turkish territory that have ceaied to be under control of these nations and are not quite ready for self- government are to be entrusted to more advanced nations as "big brothers" to be trained for self-government. Freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed in these colonies, but not to such peoples as are now denied them. There is also a provision for prohibition of the liquor traffic and fire arms in Africa.

As to social and economic conditions the members of the League agree to endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditioJlf'

of labor for men, women and children in all countries, the just treatment of natives, the execution of agreements with regard to traffic in women and children, in opium and other dangerous drugs and for the international control and prevention of disease. This docnment is good so far as it goes, but it utterly disregards the unchanged character of human nature. W orId policies and ideals must be revolutionized; and selfishness, national and individual, mnst be uprooted before idealism can be established. The work of Chris- tian missionaries has made possible the progress already attained.

Their courage, their service as pioneocs of civilization, their unselfishness, their teaching of Christian truth and their idealism

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

have raised the peoples of the world to a point where they catch a glimpse of a better way. The principles of brotherhood, of righteousness and of stewardship, expressed in th·e covenants of the League, are the results of Christian teaching.

But there is still much to be learned. Internal troubles may still be settled by. force of arms. Religious liberty may still be deni~d, injustice may still prevail in industry, laws may be disregarded, politics may be corrupt, men and women may be weaklings and hypocrites in spite of the most ideal League. Stability and harmony are based on mutual confidt'nce in each others integrity and unselfishness. Character is the basis of such confidence and the only bedrock of character is Jesus Christ. Not Democracy but Theocracy is the world's hope. The Reign of Jesus Christ is the only reign that will bring Peace.

THE LEAGUE OF DENOMINATIONS I T seems appropriate that with the establishment of a League of Nations, there should also come a League of Denominations in the Interchurch World Movement. Both are intended to promote world wide peace, better understanding between men and greater efficiency and progress. But while the League of Nations is based on international laws and is to hold governments in check, the. League of Denominations is based on loyalty to Jesus Christ and is intendrd to promote His Kingdom on earth. The one is international, designed ultimately to include all civilized nations; the other is inter-denominational, intended to include all evangelical churches in North America.

As there is need for a League of Nations to put an end to international jealousies and conflicts, so there is need of an Interchurch World Movement to put an end to denominational rivalries and to bring about closer cooperation among the followers of Christ in their battIe against ignorance and evil. The Church of Christ should move like one mighty army against the strongholds of Satan. Instead of that, each sect has too often been making its own plans of campaign as though it alone were carrying out our Lord's Great Commission. Over one hundred and fifty Christian sects and sub-sects are listed in North America. These include seventeen Baptist bodies, fifteen evangelistic associations, twentytwo Lutheran bodies, seventeen Methodist and fourteen Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. Some sects bear such distinctive titles as "Duck River Baptists," "Two-seed-in-the-Spirit Baptists," "Church of God as Organized by Christ," "Non-sectarian Church of Bible Faith," "Church of Daniel's Band," etc.

There is undoubtedly good reason for the division of Christians

into various· households and societies in order that each may find opportunity for the expression of his or her individuality. As long as men differ in taste and personality, in interpretation and ap- plication of truth, there will be reason for differences in modes of worship, in forms of government and in minor matters of belief and methods of service. But there should be union in loyalty to the Great Hrad of the Church and unity, without jealous rivalry 01'

misunderstanding, in the conduct of Christ's campaign at home and abroad.

Considerable progrf'SS has bern made in interchurch plans of coopcration. A meeting of representatives of Protestant churches in North America was held in Cleveland, April 30th and May 1st, to consider the plans of the Interchurch World Movement and to give opportuni'ty for presentation and open discussion as to the ideals and program of the movement for America and the world.

About five hundred delf'gates were present from twenty-eight de- nominations. Of these, fifty-five were officers of Home Mission Boards, sixty of Foreign Mission Boards, seventy-six of Women's Boards and seventy-two officers and mfmbers of other Boards. Of the- denominations the Methodists were most conspicuous, with 131 delegates; the DiscipleS' sent 76 delegates, the Baptists (north) 51, the Congregationalists 46, the Presbyterians (north) 42 and the Reformed Church in the United States 28. It was noticeable that the Southern Baptists ,vere entirely absent, and many other evangelical bodies were unrepresented, or had few and silent mem- a bers in attendance. A more even distribution of representation. and larger number of pastors and laymen is desirable.

The Cleveland presentation of the plans and ideals was mas- terly and inspiring, but there .was not sufficient opportunity for open discussion of the problems involved. Dr. S. Earl Taylor, the Executive Secretary of the Movempnt and the General Secre- tary of the Methodist Centenary, presided ably at the sessions or the Conference. The various departments of the Movement were presented by the temporary or permanent secretaries of each de- partment.

One could scarcely fail to be convinced of the value of the united surveys, of cDoperation in the presentation of the- needs to the churches, and of a clearing house to decide what work is mosineeded and which organization is best fitted to as- sume the responsibility for it.

There are great possibilities in such a movpment and grave dangers which should be foreseen and avoided. Of these we will speak later. A committee of twC'nty-two was appointed to report the" Findings" of the conference. This report expressed approval of the cooperative effort of churches to study and supply the need of the world for the Gospel of Christ. The report stated:

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"that the Interchurch vVorld Movement is a cooperative effort of the missionary, educational and other benevolent agencies of the Evangelical Churches of the United States and Canada, to serve unitedly their common present tasks, and simultaneously and together secure the necessary resources of men and women and power required for these tasks; that it is a spiritual undertaking of survey, education and inspiration, that it is an instrumentality of cooperation and coordinatIOn of administrative agencies and designed to serve, not to supplant them. We affirm our definite understanding that this is not an eccleciastical movement nor an effort to organic union. It will not disturb or interfere with the administration of any Church or Board. Neither will it undertake to administer or to expend * funds for any purpose beyond its own proper administrative expenses.

It has a definite and temporary mission. It will not interfere with or conflict with other denominational agencies."

Every Christian will welcome all signs of unity among the f01: lowers of Christ, indicating greater loyalty to Him, greater emphasis on the fundamentals of faith and greater earnestness in the cooperative effort to win men to yield their allegiance to Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only Saviour of mankind.

THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE evils of 11 military regime are SGen in Japan and Korea as they have been brought to light in Europe. The army and navy of Japan exert autocratic control, and the military rule has brought about evils which the Koreans have found to be uubearable. The Japanese people and even the Japanese Diet have not been responsible for these conditions nor have they _been cognizant of many of the methods employed by the authorities to Japanize the Koreans.

Naturally the Koreans desire independence, since their country was annexed without war or grievance of any kind and without their consent. It may not be advisable or possible to yield to the wish of the Koreans at this time, since they are still a weak and untrained child race. But there is reason to demand that they and their land shall not be exploited by the Japanese, and that they shall not be unjustly treated by their rulers. Here is an opportunity for Japan to show herself an unselfish steward by governing the Koreans for the benefit of the Koreans and of the world at large.

Christian missionaries are responsible for the awakening _of the Koreans in intelligence and a desire for progress, but are not responsible for any anti-Japanese movement. 'rhe missionaries cannot, however, see their unarmed and unresisting Korean friends, inclUding women and children, maltreated and killed without a protest. Heart-rending accounts have been coming to America, * As originally presented the report made the statement that the work of the mov~ment was to be completed in 1924. This _was omitted on the ground that the work might be completed prior to that date. The temporary character of the movement was however emphasized.

from reliable sources, of school girls inprisoned for wishing independence, of boys maltreated and of unarmed men shot down by the military police. When some of the Koreans were arrested and were asked "Who is the leader -of the insurrection 1" they replied "God Almighty." "But who are His accomplices1" inquired the Japanese. "Twenty million Koreans," was the response.

While independence may not be feasible at this time, certain reforms are justly demanded and should be expected from the Japanese. These were stated by one of the missionaries who was called into conference by the Japanese authorities. They in- clude: 1. Due consideration of racial distinction between the Koreans and Japanese. There should not be the policy of absorption.

2. The privilege of Korean language study in the schools. This is now prohibited.

3. Freedom of speech, of the press, of public meetings and of travel. While Japanese and foreigners enjoy these, the Koreans are denied them.

4. Opportunity to promote social purity. The Japanese have forced prostitution as an institution upon the Koreans. The people have no means of self-protection against the taking of certain districts of their towns and cities for brothels, and of their women and girls for immoral purposes.

S. The removal of discrimination against Koreans in Japanese courts of ,iustice. At present no Korean has an equal chance with a Japanese before the courts.

These are manifestly reasonable and just demands. But the Koreans ask more, as is shown by their " Declaration of Independence" which reads in part as follows: We proclaim to all nations of the world the Independence of Korea and the liberty of the people; and announce to our children and grandchildren the great principles of human equality and the everlasting right of self-preservation.

With a history of four thousand years, the nearly twenty millions of people of this land sincerely and loyally unite to make clear this declaration, and to open up the liberties of the people, for the future as well as the present. We take this stand and show forth the true heart of man.

The world is changing. It is a great opportunity. We follow it. And it is the decree of God that men should have the right to strive for the power of life and preservation. In all the world nothing can stop or hinder us from this. * * * Since 1876, when we entered into treaty relations, at many times and in many ways, the strongest covenants have been made only to be disregarded. We do not now point out Japan's sin of insincerity, but .more th~n this. Although scholars on the platform and the government WIth defimte promises said they would regard our land as a colony, yet they have lo?ked on our men as ignorant people, and have sought by conquest to qUIckly possess our land. ·For a long time the progress of society has been blocked. They have not regarded the high aspirations of the people's hearts. Yet Japan should not be blamed for her lack of righteousness, but we should scold ourselves and not be quick to hate others; and if we give careful attention ~o the present, we will have no time to criticise old wrongs. Today there IS only

one duty for our men, that is to establish ourselves, and surely not to injure others. By the stern decree of our own consciences, we must open up the new life of our own household, and not indeed because of old hatred or some temporary feeling seek to expel others. The old thoughts and old powers, that have bound the policy of the Japanese Government into an unnatural and unreasonable condition must be swept away. And this con- * * * dition must be changed to a natural and reasonable one by the fountain of just principles. Today we, the people of Korea, have declared our independence; that by means of this Koreans may be enabled to pursue the illustrious life of right and duty; Japan may be enabled to completely fulfil her important obligation of supporting the Orient; and China, by means of this may be enabled also to escape from the terrible dream of fear. Again, the important preservation of the peace of the Far East is one step in the direction of world peace and human happiness. Should not this move men?

* * * By obtaining our liberty, we will have a more abundant life and happiness; so let us unite all ~tRe people's powers in this effort for independence.

We earnestly strive with a good conscience; we preserve together the true principles; united we advance, old aIJd young, men and women; putting away sadness, we rise in action, like a mighty host to make a new and happier life.

A THREEFOLD PUBLIC AGREEMENT 1. Today we seek to establish correct principles, human rights, preservation of life, and an illustrious people; and so while asking for our liberties, decide never to give up.

2. We also agree that to the last man, and to the very end, we will joyfully show forth this true obligation of the people.

3. In all our movements we agree to emphasize the importance of orderly conduct, that by this our purpose and aims may be clearly known to be correct.

This declaration shows Christian restraint and high ideals. Moreover, the Korean leaders issued an "Important Announcement" calling on the "Respectable, Noble, Independent Korean Band not to insult the Japanese, or strike them with their fists, for these are the acts of barbarians." They had no weapons and their method was merely to leave schools, close shops, march, singing and shouting Manzai through the streets. For this they have been shot down, maltreated and haled to prison.

Surely it is time for the Japanese, for the sake of their own reputation as well as for the sake of justice to the Koreans, to grant the needed reforms and to win the Korean people by justice and by civil liberty, rather than seek their subjection by brute force.

This is a critical time for Christian missions in Korea. The powers of darkness are again arraigned against the powers of light. A recent communication from Japan intimates the purpose of the Japanese to grant certain reforms and a measure of se1£- government to the Koreans. It is to be hoped that civil government will also replace military control.

SHALL CHRISTIANS INTERVENE IN RUSSIA B OLSHEVISM is a natural product of tyranny-political or industrial. When autocrats rule the masses with a rod of iron, the common people will await their opportunity for revenge. When plutocrats rule the laboring classes selfishly, their employees will retaliate without mercy whim the opportunity comes. When military offieers treat their men as cannon fodder, revolution will ultimately turn the tables. Russia has suffered unspeakably in these ways, and Bolshevism is the result of the upheaval that has put the proletariat in power. Add to this the fact that the masses have not been taught self-government, and that their leaders are not actuated by the principles of mercy and justiee, and it is easy to understand the reign of terror that has gripped the country.

Under the Czar's autocratic regime, the common people were treated like cattle, without real civil or religious liberty. Jews were oppressed, Stundists, Doukhobortsi and other Protestants were restrained, and Orthodox Catholics were treated like children.

There are three methods of treating Russia in the present crisis. (1) Allow them to fight each other until one or the other class gains absolute control. This means anarchy, and possibly another despotism. (2) To send in Allied forces in sufficient numbers to quell the disturbance, and establish in power those best fitted to govern. This may mean the union of the Russian masses against the Allies, and unlimited bloodshed and expenditure of money. Afterwards, it might bR necessary for the Allies to police the country and maintain peace with a huge standing army. (3) Another method is ideal, if practical. It is for the Allied nations to conduct an educational campaign in Russia through the printed page and spoken word, in order that Russians may learn the practical ideals of selfgovernment, and of civil and religious liberty. This program would include also a systematic campaign in the interests of Christian truth, conducted by the Christian forces of America and Great Britain. Russia is longing for education and would welcome .America's help. Mr. Jerome Davis, a Y. M. C. .A. worker who has been in Russia for two and a half years, reports that the Russian Church is eager for help from America. Priests came to him, often late at night, asking for as'sistance in organizing Sunday-schools, men's clubs and social service work. They want literature on church work in America to show them how to adapt themselves to new conditions.

This is hopeful, but there is a deeper need than a change in method. What the Russian Church needs is new spiritual life. Casting away the old garments is not enough. A spiritual revival must be experienced, followed by unhampered education in the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christ All and in

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY- BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"I am the way, the truth and the Life. No man cometh unto the Father but by Me." John 14:6 The audacity of this claim is all the more startling because the words occur parenthetically as a reply to an interruption. Almost casually Christ asserts that He and He alone meets all the needs of the human heart, the intellect and the will. Some non-Christian religions place emphasis on the right way of communion with God.

Others emphasize the supreme importance of dogma or doctrinal truth against heresy; and others again put the sole emphasis on right living and noble conduct. In the following table we indicate how Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of all these ideals. He meets the craving of the heart for communion, of the mind for truth and of the will for direction. He is all and in all because He reveals the Father, declares the truth and communicates a new life to those who are dead in sin.

The table below indicates, by its threefold division, some of the lines of thought that might be followed in applying this truth. It is summed up by the Apostle when he says that Christ in all things "has the preeminence." The same thought occurs in We·sley's Hymn. "Thou, Oh Christ, art all I want. More than all in Thee I find."

THE WAY THE TRUTH THE LIFE Essene Pharisee Sadducee Hinduism Islam· Buddhism Method of Thought Material of Thought Goal of Thought Mystic Dogmatic Ethic Philosophy Theology Sociology Worship Confession Expression Communion Orthodoxy Vitality Liturgy Creed Conduct Sacrament Missions Ministry Heart Mind Will John Paul James Love Faith Hope The Fruit The Root The Tree The River of Life The Head of the Body The Rock of Ages The non-Christain religions and philosophies have no true ideals or vital truths that are not found in Christianity. What they lack Christianity supplies. What they have Christianity surpasses. As Joseph Parker said, "There may be comparative religions but Christiauity is not one of them." It is positive, superlative and final. The Cross alone bridges the chasm between the sinner and God.

409

j..>

c ONE OF THE ANTI·CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES EXISTING AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN MINERS A Sunday Dance by Ba'Sutos in a Johann esburg Compound

of Industrial Training in

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH. SOUTH AFRICA T HE industrial phase of the missionary enterprise has an as- sured place as the fourth of the great departments of mis- sionary activity-the evangelistic, the educational, the medical and the industrial. In countries like Japan and China, which possess an indigenous civilization and native industries, this form of missionary work may be largely dispensed with; but for the uplift of the backward races of the world it possesses an importance which can hardly be over estimated.

1. THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, as ono of the indispensable methods of mission work, is threefold: it is based on a sound pedagogic principle, it is an effective means of securing the highest object of all education-the formation of character. It has also high economic value for the native himself,. for the mission which trains him and for the whole community. In other words, industrial training has pedagogic, moral and economic value.

The pedagogic importance of industrial work lies in the fact that it means the introduction of a kind of glorified kindergarten among the child-races of the world. Froebel founded his kindergarten system on two principles-first, that true education consists in the harmonious development of the powers of mind and body, and second, that the teacher's part is to present suitable material for the innate spontaneity of the child's mind to operate upon. These principles are of supreme importance in their application to the child-native. The instruction and development of the mind at the expense of manual training tends to make him topheavy, and give rise to that pitiable object, the "native with the swelled head." The training of mind and hand should therefore proceed simultaneously.

Similarly, manual training brings into play the spontaneous powers of the native's mind. It imparts concrete and not merely abstract knowledge. Says Mr. W. C. Willoughby of the Tiger Kloof Institution: "I think that industrial training is very much more nece,sary for the natives than even book-learning-I mean as a matter of pure education. Industrial training will develop his power of thinking as book-learning never can. If you can teach a native boy the difference between eleven and three-fourth inches and one foot, you have taught him a very great dealsomething that will run through almost every department of his life."

Industrial training has the very highest moral value, as a means of building up and shaping the native's Christian character. It does this in various ways,-by counteracting the inertia that characterizes all primitive races living under the tropical sun, by 411

inculcating habits of regularity, unintermittent attention, and per- fect exactness and ueatness, by evoking and enhancing the native's self-respect and self-reliance, while increasing his humility, and by implanting a nobler conception of the worth and dignity of labor.

Christianity must mean very little for the African native if it does not teach him to work. The Christian native reads in his Old Testament the command, Six days shalt thou labor, and in his New Testament the law, If any man will not wOTk, neither shall he eat, and to these principles his reason and his conscience both as- sent. Moreover, Christianity has set up a new standard of life LV 'which he strives to conform. .

"It cannot be conceived that Christianity should really influence the heart of the negro, and leave him content in the midst of his old circum- stances, and his old unclean and immoral surroundings. Those who have had experience of mission work in Africa recognize how difficult it is for church members to maintain consistent lives unless the old idleness is ex- changed for habits of industry."* Manual training contributes to the formation of sterling Chris- tian character. Punctuality, in a country in which watches are unknown, and regularity, amid a people that have never heard of an "eight hour day," are virtues that have to be instilled by diligent instruction in manual toil. Such mechanical labor re- quires also the application of close attention and the most perfec~ exactitude and neatness. The slightest want of truth in measure- ment, and the day's work is lost, while valuable material has been hopelessly spoiled. More than this, the industrial worker develops a sense of responsibility to produce thoroughly good and reliable work. In his marvelous description of the storm which broke over the Norah Creina, Robert Louis Stevenson writes thus: "God bless every man that swung a mallet on that tiny and strong hull; it was not for wages only that he labored, but to save men's lives."

We must put forth every effort to awaken an industrial COIl- seience in our converts. Good honest work will increase both their self-respect and their self-reliance, without lessening their humility.

There are vocations which tend to self-conceit. The preacher and the teacher, under no necessity to labor with the hands, and dealing habitually with those who are both literally and metaphorically beneath them, lie specially exposed to this danger. At the car- penter's bench or on the tailor's table all are at the same level and the work on which they are engaged calls for co-operative and not for individual action.

The economic valtte of industrial work is seen in its three-fold benefit, to the native, to the mission and to the community. The impact of modern civilization has broken up the fabric of ancient institutions, and made many native customs and habits of life obso- lete or' obsolescent. As a Christian an African may no longer in- • George Grenfell in Hawker's Life of Grenfell, p. 395.

ONE; OF THE; CHRISTIAN INFLUJ';NCE;S IN A SOUTH AFRICAN

Service among mine employees in the native compound at Elizabethville

dulge in a plurality 0:1' wives, and must therefore substitute the plow for the hoe in tillage. Civilization too is upon him, shutting him in to his narrow reserve, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses, imposing new taxfs, and thus shaking him out of his lethargy and competling him to labor. At first the chief wealth of the native consisted in cattle; now the natives within the South African Union possess, on an average, no more than one goat, rather less than one sheep, and half an ox apiece. He is very little better off as an agriculturist, for the area of cultivable land is limited, the water supply inadequate, and prolongrd droughts almost as much the rule as the exception. "Thus it will be seen," says the Principal of Lovedale Institute, "that the Bantu are becoming impoverished in their permanent resources, and are living dangerously close to the line of permanent hunger. A struggle for existence is setting in on a great scale. If the Bantu are to survive it is clear that they must as a people develop new methods of agriculture and new habits of industry."

Both the mission and the community have need of the trained native artisan. Most missionary societies possess native skilled laborers whom they have trained themselves. It cannot well be otherwise in primitive surroundings. The missionary artisan must gather around himself a number of native apprentices, as carpf'nters, bricklayers, masons, gardeners; for without their aid the mission station cannot be built. But. the native who has been trained to some trade in the mission workshops is not long in discovering that there is greater scope (and better pay) for his abilities in the community at large; and so he soon passes beyond the reach of the mission to which he owes his training, and becomes, from an economical point of view, a lost asset.

It is impossible for any given mission to employ all the men whom it trains. To train no more men than it can employ would be a selfish and short-sighted policy. The mission then should encourage its surplus of artisans to seek a living where work is abundant. Artisans trained in the shops of the Basel Missions on the Gold Ooast are found all over Nigeria, the Kamerun and the Oongo. Native tradesmen from Livingstonia may be met with at Elizabethville and Kambove in the Belgian Oongo, or at Bulawayo and Salisbury in Rhodesia. The Lovedale industrial dppartmpnt has furnished trained workers for all parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg, Kimberley and Bloemfontein.

OBJECTIONS TO INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The' objections to industrial training as a missionary method are chiefly three: the expense incurred, the competition e.ngendered between black and white operatives, and the apparent departure from the primary aim of missinlls.

VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS

BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT~TRAPPIST MONASTERV, MARIANNHILL, NATAL First, then, as to the expense. It is a common complaint. of missionary boards all over South Africa that the industrial de- partments of the missions do not pay. In 1914 Mr. Henderson re- ported: "In the case of Lovedale the estimated expenditure on the industrial departments for the current year, including cost of materials, is £6,764, Towards this amount government grants are payable only to the extent of tl,296. . A loss like this can be borne by such an Institution as Love- dale only through the generosity of friends o'utsicle the Union, and at con- siderable sacrifice to the rest of the Institution ."

The reasons for this continued deficit are not far to seek. The grant by the government is wholly inadequate; the apprentices, for the first two or three years, at least, are not yet awage-earn- ing asset, and as soon as they are fully qualified their term of apprenticeship comes to an end; work such as is produced in the workshops of Lovedale or Tiger Kloof cannot compare in quality or finish with that produced in city manufactories served by skilled artisans and equipped with modern machinery; as often as not the mission workshops are situated at a distance from the markets which their goods are intended to supply; and finally, there exists in some minds a certain degree of ilrejudice against goods fash- ioned by black men in what is held to be undesirable competition with white tradesmen.

Second, an objection of far greater weight against industrial training, is the com.petition which it is likely to cause between

INSTITUTIONAl. CHURCH AT ELlZABETHVll,l,E JUST AFTER A CHRISTMAS DINNER black and white. On this point Mr. Maurice S. Evans, one of the most assiduous and careful students of our native question, writing in 1910, said: "The spectre which affrights the white man is a ~ision of the black man invading the towns as artisan, competing with him, working for lower wages at his side, bringing down the standard of living to his level. I do not say such a contingency is impossible if we continue along our present lines, but in any case it is some distance removed, and is hardly likely to be realized to the full extent sometimes depicted."

But in 1915, after a visit to the United States, he sounded a more ominous note: "The only thing I can clearly see is conflict- an industrial and racial drama played out in South Africa. On the one side will be better education, political power, labor organization, higher wages, and comparatively small numbers,-handicapped by the sinister fact that the members of .this race are relieved of much 5trenuous labor that makes for efficiency. On the other, great numbers with little cooperation and organization (at present at all events) but willing to work for low wages, with a natural fitness to climate and surroundings, with gradually improving efficiency, and with the training that manual labor gives."

In view of the urgency of this matter the Union Government in 1914 appointed a Commission on the Economic Question, which reported that it found the supposed competition between black and white operatives to be practically non-existent and whollynegligible, seeing that the natives were almost exclusively engaged in unskilled labor. The few who had been trained to a trade were far

from being- such experts as to be able to compete seriously with white mechanics, while in foresight and initiative they lagged hopelessly behind.

The census of 1911 revealed a few interesting facts which bear upon this point. Out of more than four million Bantu within the Union of South Africa only 6,000 were gaining a living as tradesmen, that is 1.5 per 1,000. Out of a quarter of a million colored people in the Union 17,000 were engaged in various trades, or 22.6 per 1,000. A writer who has given some attention to this matter writes as follows: "Colored workers have established themselves firmly in the industrial life of the country. In several departments of labor, notably those of fishery, – building and tailoring, they are not only ousting white workers, but have actually succeeded in monopolizing one at least of these. In proportion to their numbers they are already in a majority to white workers in the exercise of callings r~quiring manual skill."· We may safely conclude that the menace which skilled Bantu operatives are said to offer to white mechanics has been very much exaggerated. The time when such competition will become really serious is as yet remote.

Finally, an objection has been directed against industrial work and industrial training on the score that to engage -in it is to depart from the primary aim of missionary undertaking, namely • Stevens, "White and Black," p. 91.

A CORNER OF THE CARPENTRY DEPARTMENT, LOVEDALE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE

conversion. At the first General Missionary Conference held in South Africa in ]904 the Bishop of Lebombo is reported to have said: "The primary object of the Christian Church is not to make men carpenters . . . . Great sacrifices are made at home in order that the Gospel may be preached to the heathen; they do not make them in order that we may turn out good carpenters. Be very careful how you use funds for industrial work other than that which bears directly on the making of a good Christian. Industrial work has this advantage,-the first thing we want to do with the heathen is to make them listen to us, and industrial education is the bribe we offer to get people to listen to us as we tell the Gospel."

In this warning of Bishop Smyth there is much that missionary boards can profitably lay to heart. And yet it seems to me that the premise underlying his contention is false. What is the true object and aim of missions 1 Not merely the conversion of the individuar-though that is the immediate aim-but the ultimate salvation of the race. In pursuing this aim we certainly do not employ education, literary or industrial, as a bait to lure the native to our schools and our churches. The purpose of education is the Christian uplift of the tribe. Industrial institutions, like educational, cherish the hope that the pupils are Christians already, or will become Christians while inmates of the school; and this hope and aim is in most cases realized. But they will receive a heathen in the belief that if he is to be trained as a journeyman, it were better he received his training in a Christian school than under a godless master-workman.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING"

The need for industrial training for the native is admitted and emphasized not only by the missionary, but by Government commissions, educationalists, magistrates, writers on the native question. The attitude of the native himself towards industrial training is much more encouraging than it was several years ago, when the belief was firmly rooted that education was a device to absolve him from the degrading necessity of working with the hands.

"But the. vital importance of their keeping hold of their land and developing it is at last being brought home to them, and the higher type of candidate now offering for the workshops, and the numbers-far beyond our accommodation-seeking admi~sion to them, and their readiness to pay for the benefit, point to a change of attitude for the better, which should be thankfully noted."* For t'he industrial training of the native some forty schools and departments, all of which are in receipt of government grantsin-aid, have been established in connection with missionary socie- See Dr. Loram's "The EdC:ltion of the South African Native" for the chief data which. are presented under this section ~ .

Princlpal of Lovedale. in International Review of Missions, 1914, p. 342.

GIRLS' TAILORING DEPARTMENT-TRAPPIST MONASTERY, MARIANNHILL

ties in various parts of the country. At all these institutions to- gether there was an enrolment, in 1914, of some 1,800 pupils, of which just 1,000 attended institutions established in the Oape Province, the actual numbers being 606 boys and 394 girls. The government grants-in-aid in the Oape Province are calculated upon the following scale: £120 per annum towards the salary of a qualified departmental instructor; £30 for the initial outfit of a department; and £15 per head per annum as maintenance grant for apprentices (£10 for girls). In the matter of fees there exists some differences of policy in the various institutions. The no-fee system can only be made to pay, under present conditions at least, if pupils are in- .dentured for a long period, so that their skill at the end may neutralize their inexperience at the commencemnt.

A distinction is sometimes drawn between industrial training, which is impartEd at schools or in departments specially devoted to the work, and manual training, which the pupil receives at set times in the ordinary school curriculum. Dr. Loramdeprecates this distinction, on the grounds that manual training is only giv£n in the highrr standards, so that not more than 1 per cent of the pupils benefit by it; and that the so-called manual training is theory rather than practice, and fosters the idea that the process and not the product is the thing that counts. But it would seem, nevertheless, that manual training in primary schools is a most useful, and indeed an indispensable, adjunct to mental training. "An ideal institution," says Mr. Lenna"rd, Ohairman of the General Missionary Oonference, "would be one where an equal amount" of time was given to industrial and to literary training."

To conclude, let me quote the words of Mr. Henderson of Lovedale on the spiritual results of industrial training: "The efforts of the apprentices at making things result in the forming of strong and stable character, beyond what is achieved in the case of pupils mostly occupied with book-wor~. The industrial apprentices at Lovedale lead in evangelistic and spiritual work." To the same effect is the testimony of Mr. Vlok of the Dutch Reformed Ohurch mission at Salisbury,' that the best men and most consistent Ohristians who come to Southern Rhodesia in search of work and wages are those who have been in training with the Zambesi Industrial Mission in Nyasaland. Industrial missions, then, if conducted in a truly Ohristian spirit and controlled by men who have the heart of an evangelist, are capable of producing the largest and most encouraging spiritual results.

MEN NEED THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH

Native Employees at Smelter, just going on shift at noon. There are three eight-hour shifts a day The food store-house is in the background Men and Minerals in Katanga IN A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY CENTRAl. AFRICAN MINES BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, B. D., ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church G OD made this country to produce copper" said Mr. Watson, , General Manager of the prospecting company in Kambove, when in 1907 we looked out over the copper malachite hills which could be seen in every direction. The whole copper belt is about 250 miles in length and along with this copper there are large deposits of lime and iron, needed for fluxing. The rivers close at hand have great falls for generating electric power.

Every year since then there have been new discoveries of tin, gold, diamonds, coal and other minerals. It is certain that so far only a fraction of the richness of that section of the country has been revealed.

"This is the beginning of a stream that will result in the in- dustrial transformation of Central Africa, " remarked Robert Williams at Elizabethville, as he saw the first stream of molten ,copper flo'w from the furnace in 1911'. That tiny stream has lll- 421

creased until in 1917 and 1918 there were produced each year 30,000 tons of copper, which is soon to be increased to 40,000 a month or 480,000 tons a year.

It is at this point that the missionary opportunity and the commercial activities meet. Copper cannot be produced without man power, and native labor must be had for this purpose. Native labor bureau agents scour the country to induce the natives from the bend of the Oongo, a thousand miles to the north, to the Vic- toria Falls in the Zambesi on the South, and from ocean to ocean, to come to work on these mineral fields.

These native men are taken from their villages and towns for periods of from six months to two years at a time. They leave their family life behind them and are congregated in compounds at the industrial centers and here they come in contact with white men from every part of the globe, most of whom are vicious and degenerate. Already the most significant changes are taking place throughout the entire country side, and greater ones must come in the near future. Vill these changes be for better or worse?

That depends.

"And God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our like- ness, and let them have dominion . . over all the earth.' So God created man. . and God said 'Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion.' "

There are people who deplore the exploitation of Africa. But it is inevitable and it would seem to be within the plans and pur- poses of God.

The agencies operating in any community, civilized or un- civilized, are divided naturally into three groups: Ohurch, State and Commerce. We use the word Church to express the funda- mental religious life; State, to indicate the governing powers; and Commerce to include the development of resources and the pro- duction and exchange of commodities.

The most aggressive factor in all Africa to-day is the mining industry of the commercial group, and closely connected with this is the agricultural exploitation of the continent. European gov- ernments have followed commerce into practically every part of the interior. In some cases the native governments have been dis- placed j in the majority of cases j however, the tribal forms of gov- ernments have been retained, directed and controlled by the Euro- pean powers.

The Christian missionaries were connected with the very earli- est events in the modern exploration of Africa, and were the first to learn of these mineral deposits. In fact since the days of the Portuguese exploration of the shores of Africa, the missionary has played a prominent part as pioneer. It was Livingstone who heard of the hills of copper malachite in the Katanga and put them

19191 MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

on his map in 1857. It was his letters to his children that so stirred one of their playmates, Fred Arnot, that he never rested until, in 1885, he penetrated the Katanga and established the Garanganze Mission adjacent to these rich mineral fields. A few years later, Mr. Arnot brought out a large party of missionaries, among whom were Dr. Walter Fisher and Dan Crawford. This Garanganze Mission, under the control of the Plymouth Brethren, found that they could not take on the work of the mineral fields in additiou to that for which they had already made themselves responsible in the villages.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States is establishing work in the mines and in the mining towns. This is in part the fulfilment of the plans of Bishop Wm. Taylor, who, in 1885, proposed to put a chain of missions a thousand miles inland from Loanda.

Many problems and dangers confront us in this newest of the great mining centers of Africa. On the Rand in and around Johannesburg, where a generation ago there was only a sheep pasture, there is to-day a gold producing industry that commands continually the labor of 250,000 native workmen. This is but one of many mining centers, including Kimberley and Barbarton, which also require thei.r hundreds of thousands of natives.

Many of these natives are brought long distances, and segregated in large compounds where they are well fed and, when too ill to work, have necessary care and medical treatment. They are removed from all restraints of tribal control and the infiuences of family life. It is but natural for them to seek some diversion and amusement when off duty, and temptations abound both inside and outside these compounds.· At one time 600 white persons were in jail in Johannesburg for illicit liquor selling to these natives. Gambling is one of the mildest vices of the many that abound. The African in his native village has never been a model of virtue, but the vices and crimes that he learns of the white man in the mining towns might well make' a cannibal blush. Venereal di.seases are contracted and carried back to the kraals where the total population is being infected. The criminal intimacy of vicious whites with these blacks only tends to fan the fiame of race prejudice to a white heat.

Good likewise radiates at times from Johannesburg and other industrial centers as a result of Christian work. This might be increased many fold. A Wesleyan clergyman in Port Elizabeth conducted a night school which was attended by young men from several tribeR in the far interior. Some vears afterward when this minister was traveling in the northern Tr~nsvaal where the people were still heathen he was met by a comparatively well dressed deputation of mep, women and children who welcomed him to their village with

Christian songs. He learned that one of his converts in the night school had returned home with primer, hymn book and Scriptures, and had begun to teach and to preach in his home town. The Sabbath was observed, the people responded to the preaching and many were converted so that the whole community prospered. Some very acceptable and well prepared candidates were baptized and received into church fellowship.

Another young man who was converted at Johannesburg returned to his home among primitive pagans at Bushbuck Ridge. The needs of his people stirred his soul and he began a school and started a church among them. The work prospere9 until he felt it grew beyond his ability, and he sent to the missionary at Johannesburg asking for some one to help care for the enlarged work. No missionary has been available so that this young man and his wife, joined in the meantime by a trained young woman to aid in the school work, have had to meet the opportunities as best they could. The influence of this school is spreading to the surrounding villages.

A few years ago a group of missionaries was making a tour of Rhodesia in a region never before visited by missionaries, and where they met the usual ignorance and degradation. One day the people of one village who heard their message spoke up and said, "Oh, we have heard these good words before."

"And who told you"? the missionary asked. "Why Johannes, the son of the chief of this district." Inquiring where Johannes lived, the party made its way in that direction, and in all the villages on the way the people revealed their familiarity with the Gospel story and with Christian hymns and Bible teaching. At Johannes' home village, they found a fair sized and creditable school and chapel building. The Sabbath was observed and many were so well grounded in Scripture and showed such evidel).ces of changed lives that they were received on probation. Many of these were baptized not long afterward. Johannes had passed on to his people the good news that he had received at Johannesburg where many receive only evil. There are many such instances showing the possible influence for good that may result from Gospel work among the miners who return to their homes in the distant and unevangelized regions from which the labor is recruited. Some of the same unsavory conditions as are found in J ohannesburg obtain in the mineral fields of the Katanga. To meet them the Christian Church needs to have a well-manned and wellequipped work at each mine and in every town. We should be able to influence the life of every native that comes to the mines and towns to work. The present staff of workers and the equipment should be increased so as to occupy effecL:vely this great

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

strategic point of all central Africa. Among other needs are the following: . Night schools sufficient for one in every Compound. Institutional churches to make adequate religious and social provision for all the large centers.

Printing press sufficiently large to supply the increasing de- mands for thousands of primers, hymnals, devotional books, and other literature. Then the colporteurs should be multiplied several fold.

The night school opened in Elizabethville in 1914, was crowded to capacity and has so continued. Other night and afternoon schools in the camps or quarters of native workmen have also been well attended and are much appreciated. Lay evangelists add their services to missionaries and regularly employed workers, making it possible to hold many services each Sunday. The list of regular "hearers," increases and many probationers or catech- umen are enrolled as a result, the sales of primers, hymnals, por- tions of the Scripture in more than a dozen native languages, has been limited only by the supplies available, and have run into thousands of copies of many books.

The religious and educational needs must also be cared for in the outlying country 400 miles square to the north and west. The Methodist Episcopal Church has increased this work in her Cen- tenary program and hopes to supply these important needs.

Churches and Societies, both American and British, must en- large their work in the various areas of Central Africa, from which natives are recruited for these nllneral fields. A native who has been influenced by mission work before he leaves his home naturally relates himself to the missionary in the industrial centers. Those that are reached and converted at the mines also need shep- herding and further teaching when they return to their homes.

There is urgent need of greatly speeding up the activities of the Church so as to overtake and henceforth to keep pace with the other agencies of state and commerce, which are now affecting nearly one hundred per cent of the tribes and peoples. Today the Church touches the life of scarcely ten per cent.

If the Christian forces let the present opportunity pass unim- proved, the natives will become hardened and further degenerated in the school of vice. Evil forces will become more firmly en- trenched; many doors now opened will be closed and the difficulty _of the task will increase greatly.

The carrying out of an adequate program involves a five to ten fold increase of the present force and equipment of all mis- flionary forces at present operating in Central Africa.

of Alcohol in

BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G. C. M. G., K. C. R, LONDON, ENGLAND, Late Special Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Protectorate MISSIONARIES both of Christianity and Islam, and mostly missionaries of the Protestant Churches of Christianity, have rendered the most signal service to Africa and Europe· by fighting against the alcoholisation of the Mrican continent. The distillers of Europe and America and in a lesser degree the steamship companies, profited greatly by the traffic. It has just been pointed out in The Times of London, that the last British steamer, conveying a cargo mainly of Dutch and German provenance to West Africa before the submarine warfare began, took from Hamburg and Rotterdam 169,288 gallons of spirits, 33 cases of wine, brandy and liqueurs, all to be unloaded in the Niger Delta for the mental stupefaction' and bodily ruin of the negroes of southern Nigeria. If this was the average cargo of one West African steamer, you can calculate what the yearly import was like-multiplied by twelve for the monthly service to Nigeria and again by three for the three other West coast colonies-into British West Africa.

The missionaries first began attacking this importation of European and West Indian alcohol into Mrica in the forties of the last century. They found that in West Afric.a the native desire for brandy, rum and gin, was the chief stimulant of the slave trade_ The chiefs felt they must have alcohol, and consequently to purchase it from the white trader they must enslave their own and other tribes and bring or send the slaves to the coast. In South Africa the alcohol-Cape brandy-manufactured by the Dutch (and French Hugenot) vine growers, was killing off the Hottentots and the nearer Bantu tribes, and was leading to incessant native. wars; while the white man looked on cynically, profiting by the strife amongst the Negroes. The missionaries by their protests drew down on themselves the hatred of the traders and of the Dutch colonists. But they kept steadily at. it and are now not far from victory. The prohibition victory in the United States has helped enormously. Missionary influence so far swayed European governments and that of the United States that in the Berlin and Brussels conferences of the latter end of the nineteenth century, much of the interior of Africa, beyond the western coast belt and north of the Zambeziyou dared not interfere with the alcoholisation of South Africa without provoking another Dutch rebellion-was placed out of bounds for alcohol. Only the old-time French, British, and Portu- 426 guese colonies and the present states of the South African Union were exempted from prohibition of the importation and sale of alcohol for native consumption. Alcohol was only to be allowed in Northern Nigeria, Congoland, Central' and Ea~t Africa for the use of Europeans, and then in limited, carefully watched quan- ~ tities. In bringing about this improvement, the missionaries of Islam also played their part. In this battle there is tough fighting ahead against weak Governments, insincere statesmen and the hydraheaded forces of alcohol-aided in Britain by a pr~ss that is twothirds under the thumb of the distillers and brewers, and in France by a press that would sooner see Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Dahome and the Kamerun go to th~ devil than ..- . . _-.::~:-e=.:-~~'-~~-.:=-";".'~.-.=~~"::-"::'=—-"':,-'~-:=-':-:-:-,-,–".'-'~—"'~ '- ; . thart; the profits on French vine- —" yards should be abated by one franc. There is a probability of victory if only the United States AREAS OF I'ROHIBITION IN AFRICA stands firm. Before the war, the one plea raised by the British Colonial Office against the enforcement of prohibition in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and South Nigeria possessions in West Africa was the fact-or falsehood;-that the major part of this imported alcohol came from the distilleries of Holland and Germany; and that to forbid its entry into British West Africa might offend the Germans and alienate Dutch friendship. The victory of the Allies leaves us quite free to iguore the interests of German distillers; while as to those of Holland, we have to remember the welfare of those iInmense tracts of Africa which we have taken under our charge. The Dutch distillers, like those of Britian, France and America, must take the changed condtions into account and turn their manufacturing plants to chemical purposes. If distilled alcohol is bad for white men it is bad for Negroes; if it is to be withheld from the Negroes of the Congo Basin, of British Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and Northern Nigeria, it must not be inflicted on the Gambia, the Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. – French West Africa is not nearly so drunken a region as the coast districts of British West Africa. Firstly the mass of the Negroes and Negroidsare Mohammedans and total abstainers, and secondly the French officials frown on spirit drinking as fl rule. The

Ivory Coast has been infected with the gin habit from the adjacent coast lands of Liberia and the Gold Coast. Just before the War broke out the Governor of the Ivory Coast was seeking to bring about the prohibition of alcohol except for consumption by Europeans.

In Algeria, and in a lesser degree Tunis and Morocco, the French were before the war doing little to check the spread of brandy drinking among the Berbers and Arabs. The French wine producers will be a great obstacle in the path of prohibition. The public opinion of the future League of Nations must try to teach the French how to prepare unfermented grape juice so delicious and so wholesome in the United States, and further to export their grapes for eating and for raisins. In our work for th5 redemption of Africa we must fight to absolutely prohibit the entry into Negro and Arab Africa of distilled alcohol, except in an undrinkable form for use industrially as a chemical agent.

In Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the British Govern- _ ment is quite as much to blame as that of the French in Algeria, for not more actively discouraging the induction of the native populations into the consumption of distilled spirits-=-with much harm to their morale and their health. The Copts of Egypt always drank wine in former times but did not usually touch spirits. The Mohammedan Egyptians were total abstainers before the British occupation. Soon after that became well-organized, the young men in the towns-Copts and Mohammedans-picked up the whisky habit from British soldiers, officers and officials, and today a good deal of masculine 'young Egypt' is whiskified and drunken. In the Sudan, the chief harm was wrought by the Greeks, who set up stills in the wake of the British armies and distilled arnik from a. variety of substances of local growth. The Nubians and Sudanese picked up this process from the Greeks and low-class Levantine traders and carried the art of disti:[ling far into the heart of Mrica. When I was clearing up the effects of the Sudanese mutiny in Uganda Protectorate, the drunkenness among the Sudanese soldiers and their virago wives was a constant source of trouble, insubordination, acts of violence, and quarrels with the indigenous peoples. It nearly always resulted from some coarsely-brewed and very strong spirit obtained through the native stills from rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, or sweet potatoes.

Portuguese Africa, more especially the Mozambique Province -or rather the Trans-Zambezian half of Mozambique-has a bad reputation for alcoholism. The Portuguese distil rum from sugar and make no attempt to check its consumption by the Negroes. The result. is constant village and inter-tribal quarrels and petty wars. The Portuguese themselves are temperate. But they are quite

1919J PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA

without scruple on the. subject of trading in rum with the natives of Southeast and Southwest Africa, and their trades frequently smuggle rum into the forbidden area of the Congo State, and Portuguese Congo, where the natives are great drunkards. The Union of South Africa is still an alcohol screener and protector, seemingly because the vine growers of the Cape Province exercise the same inordinate influence over the Union Government as is wielded by the French vine growers over the policy of the French Republic. Heady and most unwholesome spirits circulate all over the territories governed by the Union Parliament. Though they are supposed not to penetrate into Basutoland, the Basuto chiefs are notoriously drunken. Bechuanalandhas been saved from this curse by the statesmanship and education of its veteran king, Khama. Alcoholdistilled of course–is the chief, the preponderating, cause of native and inter-racial trouble in South Africa. Even the Mohammedan Indians who come to Natal as abstainers from spirits give way to the temptation of the dram and the dope, and find themselves in the police court. Cape brandy is the main cause of attacks of black men on white women. Were the Negroes of the Transvaal and Orange States not allowed access to distilled alcohol, we should probably never hear of these attempts to assault white women. One never reads of such sexual crimes in Cape Colony, Zululand or even Natal; presumably because in those countries missionary influence is strong and has been used unswervingly against alcohol.

The British Gold Coast is an object lesson within a comparatively small area of the effects of alcohol on a Negro people and of the advantages of abstinence. In the Gold Coast Colony and in a lesser degree in_Ashanti, the native is allowed to drink as much gin, rum, brandy or whisky as he can buy from the white traders. The result is that he shows less and less stamina against disease; his system is more and more recalcitrant to healing medicines. North of Ashanti in Voltaland, we see a blessed contrast. In these northern territories of the Gold Coast, say the missionaries, the population is almost entirely Mohammedan, and its introduction has been forbidden. Here therefore you can see a splendidly vigorous people who are destined in course of time to displace the effete coast populations; unless, that is, they too sucumb to the infection, thanks to the pusillanimity of' the Colonial office–afraid to incur the enmity of the alcohol interests in England, Scotland and Ireland by extending the whole system of prohibition over the whole of British West Africa. At present out of an approximate area of 470,000 square miles of British West Africa, 320,000 are under prohibition and only 150,000 square miles given over to alcohol. But the alcoholic districts abut on the non-alcoholic; and distilled alcohol is gradually permeating the whole of British West Africa, to its great detriment.

Yet it must never be forgotten that in fighting this poison, we need a policy of construction as well as ·of destruction. While we take away the allurements of alcoholic drinks we must offer man- kind-black, white and yellow-some alternative other than cold water. Cold water, cold pure water, is best for thirst, but how difficult to obtain, how fraught with danger if from an impure ~ source! What physicians and chemists must proceed to invent and put on the market is a variety of beverages which will be (1) pala- table; (2) mildly or markedly stimulating; (3) thirst-quelling (4) harmless. We want some process by which grape juice may be sub- stituted for wine all over the world. Then prohibitionists may be able to shake hands with a French, a Cape Colony, an Australian, Rhineland, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian vine grower. And not only the juice of the grape, but of the orange, banana, grenadilla, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, cherry and other luscious fruits of the tropical and temperate zones. Already medical science is be" ginning to concern itself more intimately with the therapeutic quali- ties of various fruit and nut juices. We should concentrate all our forces-missionary, medical, political-economist, philanthropic-on the prohibition of alcohol in Negro and Negroid Africa. Simultane- ously we should try by propaganda to give publicity to all the wholesome substitutes for alcohol.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN INDIA PRONOUNCEMENT BY SIXTY-SEVEN MEDICAL MEN IN INDIA It has been proved by careful scientific experiments and con- firmed by experience that: 1. Alcohol, cocaine, opium, and intoxicating drugs (such as bhang, ganja, and charas) are poisons.

2. Even a moderate use of these is harmful, especially in tropical countries like India. They are of no avail per- manently to relieve physical and mental strain.

3. Those who confine themselves to non-alcoholic drinks and who avoid the use of intoxicating drugs are capable of more endurance, and are better able to resist infection and . disease. 4. Alcohol is in many cases injurious to the next generation, especially through its favoring influence upon venereal disease. 5. Alcohol aggravates the evils of famine. 6. Alcohol is useless as a preventive of plague. 7. Alcohol lowers the resisting power of the body against the parasites of malaria and the microbes of tuberculosis. 8. All that has been said applies with equal force to opium and intoxicating drugs. 9. We therefore appeal to the people of India to maintain and extend the practice of total abstinence as enjoined upon them by their religious and social obligations.

",..0V7.h'>I ,r •• TO AJ.EAS AltD A..'ROXUiilAn

POPULATION OF (;ACK OF MEXICO Showinf Division of R.sponsibility fot' o.:CIlpanon of Territory a."

Missionary Soei.ti.. as Afreed Upon at the Ccmf……. of Christian Work…. City of M.xico. F.bruary lS-21. 19111 The program of co-operation adopted includei-.

A University in the Ctty of Mexico. A Hospital In the City of Mexico. Elil:ht Agricultural Schoofs in as many different centel's of the Republic; A Schoo' of Mechankal Arts in each important center. Normal Schools in such districts as do not ~t possess them, and the suenllf1enitlc of those already existing; Devetopment of the Union Theotogical Seminary .Iready existing in Mexico City; A Community Center Of Institutional Church in each important center in the Reputltic: A Union Publishin, House, Union Pa~. and Book Store, in City of Mexico; A Campa~an to popularize Medical KnowIedp; Definite dtvi$ion of territorial responsibility so as to .void overlappini or duplicati.m of effort.

o MILES o

Advanced Program for

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America WHAT is our duty toward Mexico now that the European War is oved Many are saying that it is armed interven- tion. A leading magazine heads an editorial: "The Time to Stop a War is Before it Begins. "-and goes on to say: "Our war with Germany is over. For a while at least most of humanity has ceased its ghastly self-slaughter, and men's hearts and minds are filled with hopes and plans for a better and an ordered world. We have entered upon a breathing space during which, if public opinion will but steady itself, inform itself, and concern itself with realities instead of with chimeras, we may actually stop the next war before it begins.

"The next war! How can there be a next wad We have just won the war that was to end war. The Kaiser languishes in exile. Prussian militarism is overthrown. Whom then must we fight and what are we to fight about?

"With a full realization of the seriousness of what we are saying, our blunt answer to the first question is Mexico, and to the second American Investments."

The American missionaries in Mexico believe that they have a duty to lead the American people in a program away from armed intervention and toward both the development of friendly relations between the two countries and to helping the Mexicans toward the solution of their problems. This article ontlines the plan which the missionary forces propose. This plan is not hastily made. It represents an intense stndy of the subject for more than four years by a company of people who more than any other group of foreigners have become identified with the Mexicans and enjoy their confidence. Indeed many Mexicans have taken part in making the program and President Carranza and other leaders have heartily endorsed it.

Readers of the REVIEW will remember that in June, 1914, many missionaries to Mexico finding themselves in the United States on account of political disturbances in that country, held a conference of representatives of interested Boards in Cincinnati, and studied the whole Mexican situation. Advanced ground was taken in matters of comity and union among the various communions and a challenging program was outlined. Under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which acts as a Board of Strategy for the twenty-eight missionary societies working in Latin America, this program has been presented to the various Boards, was altered, 431

worked over, and enlarged. Finally, nine out of eleven societies at work in Mexico agreed to send delegates to a Oonference in Mexico Oity, February 15 to 21, to decide on the final details of what is probably the most comprehensive cooperative effort to help a neigh. boring country that has ever been undertaken by the Ohristian Ohurch.

THE READJUSTMENT OF TERRITORY This program involves, in the first place, an entire read· justment of the territory occupied by the different societies, in or- der to do away with overlapping and duplication of work.' The first American missionaries went into Mexico in the early seventies. As others followed they naturally settled in the most acce&sible places, with no concerted plan. So when a survey was made in 1914, much overlapping of effort was found. For instance, in a city of 35,000 inhabitants there were three strong normal schools for girls, supported by as many Boards, with six American mis- sionary residents, while another whole state with a million people . had not one evangelical worker. ,Most of those at the conference recognized, as soon as the facts became known, that the fO,rces should be redistributed so as to give all parts of the country equal service. But how was it possible to leave fields occupied for nearly half a century, to sell property, and to abandon constituencies' If the Boards agreed, how could denominational machinery be ad- justed, and how could we persuade donors of memorial buildings, and other interests to consent? It is too long a story, but the fact is that the need of the people has overcome the difficulties, so that the readjustment of territory has taken place. Two Boards, that of the Disciples and the Southern Presbyterians, have abandoned all the territory they had and have transferred their work to an entirely new part of the country, thus compelling their constituency in the United States to learn even a new geography. Practically all the other Boards have made sacrifices in order that all- the country might be occupied. As a result today, each of the co- operating societies know just how much territory it has to occupy, just how many schools, institutions, hospitals, and workers it must provide, and best of all provision is made for -every corner of the Republic to hear the Gospel message. The following description of the distribution of primary responsibility as now accepted by all the Boards concerned, for brevity's sake, does not include extra state boundaries, where more than one Board occupies the same state."

Congregationalists are primarily responsible for the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit and Colima.

* The Northern and Southern Baptists and the Protestant Episcopal Church have not entered into the arrangement.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

Methodists South, the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

Friends, the state of Tamaulipas.. Associate Reformed Presbyterians, parts of the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz. Disciples of Christ, the states of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes. Presbyterians, North, the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas and Oaxaca, Vera Cruz and territory of Quintana Roo. Presbyterian, South, the states of Michoacan and Guerrero and part of Morelos. Methodist Episcopal, the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico and Morelos. The Federal District with the capital, Mexico City is common territory.

This adjustment of territorial responsibility has been approved, and will have been largely carried out by the time this is in print. Some Boards have been working in this new territory for consider" able time, having begun to reshape their program immediately following the Cincinnati Conference. The cooperating Boards are showing the finest spirit of unselfishness in exchanging property, and local churches are getting together in a new way. In some towns there is a uniting of two or three former denominational churches into one "Iglesia Evangelica" and properties thus freed are turned into Community Centers. Mission Boards have made it clear to the Mexican churches that no authority was assumed over them to "turn them over" to other communions, but that naturally they would be glad if there could be a clos~r union of the churches, even as the missionary Boards were learning to cooperate more closely. The new move- ment is thus able to strengthen the churches by throwing them more on their own resources for the- work of self-propagation, and by having the Foreign Mission Boards assume the distinctively edu- cational part of the program. Another distinctive advantage in knowing just how much terri- tory for which a communion is responsible is that it can figure just how many schools, hospitals, churches, teachers, ministers, etc., it needs to do its job adequately. Curiously enough, each Mission Board that has its territory delimited is now realizing the need of putting much larger forces in the field than it ever did when it vaguely considered all Mexic., as its field. The Northern Presbyterian Board, that before carried on work all the way from Torreon to Yucatan, with a staff of about thirty foreign workers, since it has accepted the entire responsibility for a limited area, and made a careful survey of the needs of the reduced field, is now planning for a force of eighty-seven foreign workers, one hundred and twenty Mexican workers, and the expenditure of $1,500,000 for educational equipment in the next ten years. The Southern Methodist Board reports that si.nce taking over the property of the Congregationalists in the city of Chihua-

hua. it finds itself with the most complete mission station there that it has anywhere in the world, with a wonderful opportunity and responsibility for leadership in educational and philanthropic work in a great center.

Monterey illustrates a somewhat different situation, as there were more complications there. There were four strong Boards supporting work, the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians, the Disciples of Christ and Northern Baptists. The Presbyterian and Disciple Boards are to withdraw from Monterey. The two congregations, however, which are old institutions, with a well-developed membership, have decided to maintain independent life. Since the withdrawal of the Board's support, the Presbyterian Church has maintained itself, paid its pastor, and seems to be taking on new life. The Disciples Church, composed of some of the oldest Protestant families in Mexico, believes that it should continue its corporate life and do its part in the evangelization of the city. Yet both of these churches say that they appreciate the action of their missions in entering the cooperative movement, that it is best for the whole country, and that they will in every way cooperate with the Christian force left in Monterey. It has taken some time to bring about the feeling on the part of these congregations that the Boards are doing the right thing; and one cannot help but sympathize with them in hesitating to change over in a body immediately to another denomination merely at the snggestion of foreigners. There would seem to be little doubt that the problem will be worked out, and there will develop a very close cooperation, if not a union, between the Methodist, Disciple and Presbyterian congregations.

A great gain has already been made in the fact that these two churches have become self-supporting. It may yet prove that one of the best results from this exchange of territory will be the development of a large nnmber of self-supporting churches. Monterey, a city of 80,000 people, needs four or more evangelical churches, if they are all cooperating with one another and doing work in different parts of the city. No doubt the Mexicans will find it easier to forget the denominational distinctions taught them by the Americans after they are placed upon their own responsibility.

As to the Northern Baptists, they are cooperating with the Southern Baptists rather than with the other eight Boards,. This will mean that in practically all the large cities of Mexico there will be one of these cooperating Boards with either a Northern or Southern Baptist work. It is hoped, however, that there will develop in each of these centers a close cooperation between the two bodies, especially since the Northern Baptists have already approved many of the general plans for cooperation.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

One's heart leaps with enthusiasm as he contemplates the wonderful opportunity a single missionary society has with such a magnificent property as the Southern Methodists will control in Monterey after they have taken over that of the Disciples. Beginning at the Lawrence Institute, with three buildings and a block of ground, one will find a magnificent boys' school. Just a block away is a missionary residence,and a half block of ground which will be taken over by the Methodists, and two blocks further the magnificent building of the Christian Institute, where the Methodists will start a girls' school. A little distance from here is the hospital which the Methodists conducted with such splendid results for many years, and which will be reopened soon. Further on down toward the center of the town is found the large Methodist church. Mter taking over the Disciples' property there will be five large pieces of ground, with eight buildings; one church, three large school buildings, one hospital and three residences. Even without being on the ground one can easily imagine how, with the proper force of workers all united under one Board, with one common policy, a great compelling program may be developed which will dominate the city.

The Board that takes under its control such a large amount of property, with so many different kinds of work, must look at the problem in a very large way. Opportunities will be equalled only by responsibilities. The old, narrow programs, with few workers and limited budgets, must be replaced by an inclusive program that will serve the social, physical, educational and spiritual needs of a community, with workers who are specially trained for each department of service. The educational program, for example, should be directed by a man who i& thoroughly prepared in educational administration, and who understands not simply how to teach a few classes, but who knows the problems involved in the education of a whole people. Likewise the men who direct the evangelistic program should be of brf)ad spirit, understanding how closely the spiritual development of a backward people like the Mexicans is tied up with the economic and political problems which confront them. The force should certainly include those who are specially prepared to direct various kinds of social service and community work. After eight years of almost constant revolution it is clearer than ever that those who will do the most for Mexico must help in every department of life, and that our mission work will be of little avail unless we appreciate the problem from this viewpoint.

The city of San Luis Potosi is another good illustration of how the new plan will work. The evangelical forces consisted of the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians and the Baptists. The Presbyterians and the Baptists have had only evangelistic

work. Both own their Mission buildings. The Methodists have a beautiful church building. On one side is a residence capable of housing at least three families; on the other side is a building formerly used as a school for boys. A half block away is a large building that was used formerly as a school for girls. There hayo been no American missionaries in San Luis Potosi for four or five years, but Mexican pastors have kept up the church work. For some time the Presbyterians and Methodists, whose churches are only a block apart, have been considering the new program proposed by the Mission Boards, and each of these congregations has decided to cooperate completely in the new evangelical organization which may be developed out of these changes. It would not seem difficult to have these two churches combine. They might then become self-supporting.

The Disciples of Christ are to occupy tbis field in exchange with the Methodists, and the Presbyterians are to withdraw. The idea of the Disciple leaders seems to be that they would come in to do the educational and institutional work necessary in the city and to help, as might seem best, in the development of the local church. There is no intention to invade any of the rights of the individuals or congregations, but to cooperate with them iu the development of a strong church, known simply as the "Evangelical Church." The Baptist pastor brought his congregation to a union service which was held in the Methodist church on a recent Sunday rught, and expressed himself as desirous of cooperating in various ways.

THE PROGRAM IN SAN LUIS POTOSI . A general outline of the proposed new program is as follows: the Evangelical Church, which would draw all of the elements possible from the various sources, will meet in the beautiful Methodist church building. The large property formerly a girls' school will be used as an institute along the lines already worked out by the Disciples in their "People's Institutes" in Piedras Negras and San Antonio, Texas, with night classes, lectures on many themes, that would interest and educate the people, reading room, circulating library, gymnasium, classes in carpentry, shoemaking and other mechanical arts, with a kindergarten and primary school during the day. The Presbyterian church building, which faces a prominent plaza, will be used as a center for the poor people, who are in such dire need. The rear room will be dedicated to a clinic, the upstairs to a distributing center for second-hand clothing, the auditorium to evangelistic meetings for those who attend the clinic during the day, and at night for showing educational films and giving lectures on hygiene and teaching adults how to read and write. There seems to be no limit to the opportunities for such service in this city, where the poor people have crowded in from the

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

surrounding country, hundreds of them sleeping in the doorways at night and walking the streets by day seeking for some little work to do or begging for enough to keep body and soul together.

The delimitation of territorial responsibility is, however, only a small part of the program which embraces three phases of work: (1) that done by each individual communion in its own territory; (2) that done in its own territory in accordance with a general co- ordinated plan; and (3) that done in entirely union institutions.

As to the first phase, the representatives of each commuuion visited their work and developed a program for their field before meeting in the conference at Mexico City. This means that each one of the eight Boards has now a carefully worked out program for its field, which includes the number of workers needed and the number of institutions to be established within a certain period, generally ten years.

The second and third phases of the program (coordinated and union work,) are clearly outlined. One of the most important divisions is that which calls for each of the eight Boards to develop an Agricultural and Mechanical college, specializing along the lines suited to the part of the country for which it is responsible. These schools will, therefore, be strategically located from Tamaulipas, Durango and Sinaloa on the North, down through the central states of Aguascalientes and Mexico to Michoacan and Yucatan in the south. While each of these will be supported by an individual Board, there will be a general secretary of agricultural education who will study the whole problem and coordinate these various schools in their endeavor to cooperate with the Government and the people in the solution of the land problem. The eight normal schools already conducted by the missions will be enlarged and several other schools of this class opened in order that every section of the country will have a center where both men and women may be trained as teachers. In the past the mission normal schools have furnished a large pel' cent of the teachers for the public schools in Mexico.

Then there is to be opened in each state capital and other centers of importance in the whole republic, a trade school which will be adapted to the industrial life and problems of each individual community. It has been decided also that a community center shall be opened in each of the cities and towns of importance in the republic. There will be a forum for the discussion of community problems, reading room and circulating library, night classes, lectUr£ison subjects of public interest, clinics and other means of service.

The Committee on Cooperation in Mexico, which is the official representative of these various Boards, will have a secretary who will give his time to the coordinating of these various united ef-

forts. A Board of Evangelical Education hali been formed, which will also have a secretary whose business it will be to travel among the schools, suggest improvements in their curricula, coordinate their work, both among themselves and with the government schools, organize teachers' institutes and in every way develop the efficiency of the educational institutions.

Two years ago a Union Theological Seminary was organized in the City of Mexico, with eight Boards cooperating. It has been most successful in its work. Plans are now made for the larger development of this institution so that it may meet the great demands for M[.'xican Christian leadership. Nine Boards have united in the development of one evangelical publishing house with headquarters in Mexico City.. The various printing plants of individual Boards have just been consolidated. A union paper for all of the churches will appear about July 1st, and a bookstore and depository is now being organized. A union hospital is planned for Mexico City.

The conference also worked on the problem of a university in the City of Mexico which should represent the best combination of both North American and Mexican educational ideals. It was decided that this institution would do a wider service if it were not connected with any ecclesiastical organization. It is intended that it should be a Christian institution, laying emphasis upon both the moral and practical sides of education.

This far-reaching program was submitted to President Carranza by a delegation from the conference and was heartily approved by him. In the conference itself were a number of Mexicans who have prominent positions in the educational and political life of Mexico at the present time. In fact it is most surprising to find the preponderant number of men in the present Mexican government who are connected with the Protestant Church, either by having been educated in mission schools or who have been ministers of Protestant churches. The Director of the National Preparatory School is a Presbyterian elder. The Secretary of the National University is a former Protestant minister. The Director of Secondary Instruction for the :F'ederal District is the son of a Protestant minister. Several governors of states are Protestants, as are countless directors and teachers in public schools.

It might be well to add here that President Carranza has recently initiated reforms in the constitution of Mexico, to change those articles which· prohibit religious corporations from conducting primary schools, and foreigners from exercising the rights of the ministry in Mexico. The American Mission Boards therefore feel that they can count upon the enthusiastic support of the Mexican people in the development of this large, inclusive program.

Effects of the War on

BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR. D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in South Africa T WENTY years ago the Boer War in South Africa ab- sorbed the attention of the world and held the front page of the newspapers for three years. From 1914 almost to the present there has been going on in Africa a war, which, for extent of territory involved, number of men engaged, loss of life, and especially for its effect on international relationships, dwarfs the Boer War into insignificance and yet it has had for the most part only an occasional paragraph in the newspaper~.

It is interesting to trace the relation of Africa, remote as it seems to the every day life of the average American, to the World War and to world peace. In Africa the old style of international politics has been supremely exemplified, the race for territory, the clash of territorial and political ambitions, the secret treaty and the trading of interests. For many years before the war broke out Africa had been, equally with the Balkans, the powder magazine of the world. On more than one occasion war clouds have hung over Europe because of what the agents of European governments were doing in Africa. There the Germany which entered with uncertain and reluctant step on a policy of expansion in 1885 had, by the time when her military successes seemed about to promise success to her ambition for world power, remapped Mrica, laying out for herself a "Mittel Afrika" empire which was to be the foundation of her "Mittel Europa" empire, supplying the raw materials without which the latter could not exist, and diverting the attention of her greatest potential opponent, Great Britain. There the two· great democracies of Europe, adjusting their long antagonistic interests, formed by the treaty of 1904 the basis of the Entente Cordiale which settled the alignment of Europe's great democracies against her great autocracies in the world war. There, at Tangier, at Algeciras, and at Agadir were heard the first rumblings of the war that was so near. Moreover, Mrica might well have caused the Allies to lose the war. Had Egypt and the other Mohammedan countries on the north been drawn by the wiles of Germany into the "Holy War" proclaimed by her unholy ally, or had the mass of the Dutch population of South Africa been deceived by the same clever propaganda into rebellion against Great Britain, there would have been a different story to tell on the western front. Mrica will put to the test the unselfishness and idealism of the Allied 439

Nations at the peace table, for there are the possible spoils of war, but there also is the great opportunity for an experiment in international government. Surely the interests of Africa are the interests of Christendom, and we cannot afford to be indifferent as to what becomes either of Africa's territory or Mrica's people. We are not here mainly concerned with political considerations, but with those which bear upon the progress of the Kingdom of God in Mrica.

Let us first review what the war has meant to the African and to the missionary work in Africa. The former German territories in Africa, which have been conquered by three ycar~ of hard campaigns and severe fighting, are in area five times the size of Germany in Europe. Their population, estimated· by some writers as high as 13,000,000, has been under the arbitrary, militaristic rule of the power which knew no scruples that might prevent the attainment of its ends. Even before the war its population had been reduced by cruelties, private and official, to an alarming extent. Slavery still existed, so that 185,000 slaves to be freed is one of the legacies left in East Africa.

It is said that about 200,000 lives were lost in the Kamerun campaign alone; native communities were scattered, never to be reunited, thousands of natives were driven from their homes by war or drawn from their homes for service with the forces. Twenty thousand Bantu from South Africa served as drivers with the forces in East Africa, besides an equal number who saw service in labor battalions in France. About 167,000 natives from Nyasaland, Uganda and Rhodesia served as carrier corps. Native troops from Nigeria and Sierra Leone took part in the actual fighting in East Africa. Native levies were, drawn from the territory of every allied power in Africa, which means every province of the great continent. It is not too much to say that the great continent, accustomed to be called the "Dark Continent," still almost as much a terra inoognita to most Americans as before the explorations of Livingstone and Stanley, has felt throughout its mass and amongst its millions of backward peoples the upheaval and distress that has come to so large a portion of the world during the Great War.

Perhaps, to a degree beyond our knowledge, there has been felt throughout the length and breadth of Africa the throb of the same great hopes that the war has brought to other peoples. We do not say that the full meaning of democracy has penetrated to the mind of the pagan African, nor that he knows and sympathizes with the ideals of a League of Nations, but he is shaken out of his old pagan inertia, he has uew and

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

. WHA'I' SHAI,I, BE HIS PLACE IN 'l'HE NEW DEMOCRACY?

larger ideas of the rest of the world, and his ambitions arl3 awakened as never before. There is therefore created a new psychological atmosphere for missionary work, an atmosphere at once full of hope and full of danger; hope in the arousing of ambition, the broadening of horizons, the attaining even to a small degree of a world point of view, the inevitable result of which will be a turning toward the education which he recog-

nizes as the basis of the white man's power. The point where that education is most accessible to him, in most cases the only point where it is obtainable, is the Mission Station. Mass movements, already a marked feature in many parts of the continent, for example, in Nigeria, Kamerun, Uganda and Livingstonia, will probably become more general. A sense of helplessness in the new conditions, as well as ambition for the white man's education, will drive the natives to the missionary as their nearest and most trusted friend.

The danger in the situation lies in the fact that there will be more or less blind reactions to poorly understood influences. The heathen prophet will find good soil for his dangerous· sowing, as he does in every great crisis. Already in South Africa the native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy. Strikes are becoming common. Those nearest the life of the native feel that he is in a turmoil of unrest. Hard times, the pressure of discriminating legislation and the tension of racial adjustments are producing a mental attitude in the native dangerous to himself and dangerous to the State. Even the Church is feeling the tension. Ethiopianism, the policy of no white control in the native church, is reviving after a somewhat quiescent period.

Truly it is a time for great activity and great prayer on the part of the Christian forces. The native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy, the strike, passive resistance, political agitation. It is for us to furnish him with its useful tools, an understanding of Christian ideals and ethics, an education in industry; we must provide social outlets and opportunities; we must direct the growing sense of racial solidarity; we must labor to secure for the native rights and opportunities, fair land tenure and a share in the privileges as well as in the responsibilities of civilization. The war has intensified the conditions which the· white man's civilization was already bringing to Africa. It has also vastly enlarged and intensified the missionary opportunity and responsibility.

. The war has to an appreciable extent crippled the missionary forces which were already inadequate to the great task. The great German missionary organizations in Africa have for the most part been put out of business by the war, except in South Africa where they have been able to continue on a limited basis.. A~ the conquest of the territory has proceeded, the stations have gradually been reopened and Christian communities collected and reorganized, but under British and American societies which have had to stretch their Blender resources of men and m(lney to take on the new responsibilities. The closing out of

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

the German societies has removed several hundreds of mISSIOn- aries, together with their support.

The necessity for the snbstitution of the French for the Ger- man langnage in the schools of those areas of Togoland and Kamerun under French control has brought a further strain upon the missions in those areas. A complete and sudden adjustment to new language and new laws cannot be made without serious strain on organizations always undermanned for the size of the . task.

A still further crippling of the missionary force has been by the drawing away of large numbers of missionaries into military service. Some have been combatants, as in the case of the French; others have been chaplains or officers in labor contillgents. Some have officered carrier corps. Medical missionaries have in many instances given either whole or part time to military service.

Building enterprises have been held up by the prohibitive cost of building materials. Missionaries have had to give an unusnal amount of time to the raising of local products to serve as substitutes for foreign necessities of life unobtainable owing to shipping conditions. Government grants for education have either stood stin or in many cases been decreased or withdrawn. Self-support has been made difficult in the native churches on account of eoonomic conditions.

Cooperative efforts have been handicapped. For example, the General Missionary Conference of South Africa which should have met in 1916 has not met since 1912. Preoccupation with war interests, the financial stress, the impossibility of securing cooperation with German missionary forces, formerly a factor in the Conference, all have operated against such important co- operative enterprises. Mohammedanism has undoubtedly suffered less and bene- fited more by the war than Christianity. Upon Christianity, the gospel of peace on earth, rests the burden of acoounting to the native for the war among Christian nations. Mohammedan priests have been chaplains of pagan African battalions in the Sudan. Mohammedan soldiers have gained new prestige in many fields. The Christian propaganda centers' in mission stations and schools, which have in many instances been closed or scattered diH- ing the war. The Mohammedan propaganda· centers in the mobile trader who can quickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. Mohammedanism, broken as a political power, is perhaps more alive than ever as a religious power and is pressing southward to the very borders of civilized Africa.

LESSONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION 1. The African, not only in the conquered German colonies,

JOHA NNESBURG MIN E WORKERS-FOR GOD OR FOR THE DEVIL but in all of Africa, must get a square deal. He has had his share in the sufferings of the war. He must share in the privileges of life, liberty and self-government which the war has bought. His present capacity to enjoy the full benefits of democracy is limited, but to the limits of his capacity he should benefit by the new conditions. There is something pathetic and one may hope prophetic in the fact of thousands of Africans; the hewers of wood and drawers of water of the world, the nation without a nationality, fighting for the cause of world democracy, or laboring that an equal number of white meu might fight. It is a saf.e guess that the number of native Africans who have contributed to the Allied man-power will run well toward half a million. They have given their lives for the cause. Not only must the millions who have been freed from Germany's oppressive rule not be placed again under such control, but the League of Nations should see to it that throughout the continent the African secures equitable possession of land, self-government to the limit of his capacity and protection from exploitation by the white race. It must be secured alSi() that governments shall give the freest opportunity and the most cordial cooperation to the missionary forces which are laboring for the uplift of the African. The Portuguese and French colonial governments have been and are antagonistic to missionary effort in some of the areas under their control. .

We do not ask that African populations living in primitive tribal conditions, and still in the grip of fetishism shall be asked to decide by ballot what European nation, if any, they would choose

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN TRAINING AT UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. NATAL to rule over them, nor that the conquered territories be handed over to the rule of native chiefs, but we do insist that in all territories there shall be recognition of native rights and provision for native development, not according to the standards that the economic or political interests of the rulers may make expedient, but according to the standard that shall satisfy the conscience of the Christian world. Whether this international responsibility shall be exercised through the international commission government proposed by the British labor party for all of Africa between the Sahara and the Zambesi is a question of practical politics; the maintenance of the principle is an obligation of Christian statesmanship.

2. The native church has shown itself in the trying circumstances of the war to have the faith and the staying qualities that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In German East Africa Christian communities, of British origin, passed through· severe persecution wi.thout flinching. In Kamerun, where there was so much of suffering, the progress of the Church toward self-support was not stayed and its magnificent evangelistic enterprise continued unhindered. in Uganda the Church has seized eagerly upon the missionary op- . portunity that the war has opened of carrying the gospel to other

tribes. E:verywhete the native Christian has made good. As a steadying influence in the overseas labor corps, in the Christian carrier corps, in East Africa, and as a medical unit in the same campaign the native Christian has won high praise. Unquestion- ably the native church is a steadying influence amidst the social turmoil in South Africa.

The inference is that much is to be hoped from the de- velopment of the· native church into full self-support, self-con- trol and self-propagation; and the greater also is the emphasis upon the necessity for the training of a strong native leader- ship in the pastorate, the teaching profession and the trades.

3. The end of the Great War is the psychological moment for the intensifying of the war against the great remaining . atrocity in Africa, the liquor traffic. The liquor interests of South Africa have selected th~ most critical moment in the history of the South African native to launch a campaign to break down the prohibitive laws in the mining areas by opening can- teens for the sale of Cape wines and beer to natives. No timE' will be lost by the trade in recovering lost ground in Nigeria and else- where on the west coast,where war conditions have t.emporarily suspended the importation of liquor. The war has proven more conclusively than ·ever that the traffic is a cancer in the life of nations. The moment of peace is the moment for the temperance forces of America to back the missionary forces in Africa in a great campaign for the abolition of the liquor traffic throughout the continent.

4. All that has been said puts new emphasis upon the neces- sity for co-ordinating the missionary forces on the field. Kikuyu has sounded the trumpet of advance in its declaration of purpose not to rest till all the societies in that area shall share one church and one ministry. The German societies must be welcomed back to their share in the common enterprise of the Church. Denomi- national lines must fade, national churches from abroad must take on more truly African character, there must be greater recogni- tion of the essential oneness of all churches in Christ; there must be a re-survey and a more definite attempt than has yet been made to avoid overlapping in the more settled portions of the continent j there must be unity of effort in great social service and educa- tional programs that the resources of the Kingdom may not be squandered and that the greatest opportunity Africa has ever pre- sented may not be wasted.

Altogether the tasks that face the Church in Africa after the war are such as emphasize the duty of the American Church to keep Africa very much to the front in its prayers and its giving at this critical time.

Church and the Industrial Situation*

BY THE REV CHARLES A. BROOKS, Do Do, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HERE is a striking and significant coincidence in the way the united missionary education program fits in with the re- cent rapid development of interest and importance of the situation as concerns the world's industrial workers.

The united home and foreign mission topic agreed upon a year ago, "Christianity and the World's Workers," recognizes the fact that the issues involved are not sectional or national but universal j that they are not remotely "foreign" or too inconveniently "home" to be interesting. This is a happy assurance that there is no real rivalry or competition or division of interest between" home" and "foreign" missions. Even more full of promise, is the recognition that the subject itself is missionary, inviting the challenge of adventure for God and humanity, the conflict of long esfablished wrongs with divine truth and light and love and 0 the dawning kingdom of Brotherhood and Peace.

The working men and women the world over, the common people whom God must love, according to Lincoln, have become intensely conscious of themselves as a class, and the necessities of the war have made them aware of the dependence of the world upon them and their co-operation. They have alarmed the more conservative elements by their ins~stence upon immediate satisfaction of their claims, reasonable or unreasonable. The highest wages ever paid have not proven sufficient to keep many groups of labor active and productive even though any slacking of their effort imperiled the cause of world freedom in which they had as much at stake as anyone. Then the debacle in Russia, the 80ciaJist opposition to the program of America in the war and the proven disloyalty of the 1. W. W. has roused bitte'r resentment and deep suspicion in the minds of conservative people that the class struggle is brutally and blindly selfish, and is a menace which must be put down at all costs.

But these facts do not tell the whole story nor do they finally dispose of the matter. Weare not to be done with this struggle until the moral leadership of the world courageously finds the way to permanent and just industrial peace.

America in 1800 was largely a rural nation. In that day eightyeight per cent of the people lived in the country and cultivated the soil. Today only twenty-four per cent are farmers. There are seventeen great cities, each of which is larger than anyone of our ten smallest states. In 1910, 13 cities had an aggregate population *This article was written before the Armistice was signed.-EDlTOR.

447

of 17,000,000 lJ,nd employed in great industrial concerns more than 2,500,000 workers. The annual output of those concerns accord- ing to the government report was valued at $7,500,000,000. The mining and lumbering industries, with transportation, represent vast investments of capital and employ many thousands who live under conditions far less favorable to the general welfare than many of the cities and larger towns offer. The entrance on a large scale of women into industry and the great army of the foreign born present their own peculiar problems. The presence of chil- dren in the struggle for daily bread is a dark blot upon our civi- lization. Professor Fairchild of Yale well reminds us that our knowledge of how to produce satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with our knowledge of how to produce wealth.

When the war began, America underwent very radical in- dustrial changes. The future significance of many of these changes and the establishment of many precedents, only an inspired prophet would attempt to foretell.

The tremendous industrial expansion which followed the un- precedented demand for war materials has revolutionized many communities and created outright many more. The Government established numerous centers under the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department for the production of chemicals, the loading of shells, etc. with populations varying from 1,000 to 25,000; built the houses and schools, the sanitary equipment and established a City Manager form of government. Old established industrial centers such as Newark, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., Akron and Youngstown, Ohio, Bethlehem, Pa., Camden, N. J., Chester, Pa., etc., experienced an almost inconceivable growth in populatiQn·. The Delaware River Basin has become one of the busiest industrial areas of its extent on the globe. It is a conservative estimate that over 90,000 new population, including many foreigners and negroes, moved into the region. It is impossible even to estimate with any fair degree of accuracy how many people have been affected by these new conditions the country over. Some of these industries very naturally have now experi~nced a reaction but many others are not so much affected. Shipbuilding must go on for many years, the great chemical expansion begun under the pressure of the war will not be allowed to lapse. Many of. these communities will have a great industrial future.

The migration of negroes from the Southern States to North- ern industrial centers has in it great possibilities for good or ill. The railroads have been pioneers in importing negro labor to re- place the returned immigrants called home to take their part in the war. Not less than 750,000 negroes have crossed the Mason . and Dixon line to find a place in our Northern cities. Perhaps no single section has felt this more than Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the Home' Missions Council indicates conservatively that J30,000 new negro population has settled in these States. They naturally are oblige,d to live in the most undesirable quarters. They have been met by a hostile attitude on the part of many workers. The fearful outbreak in East St. Louis is an indication of the social and industrial upheaval, fortunately less serious in other sections than on the border. The higher wages and generally better conditions than most enjoyed in the South makes it apparent that in all probability these people will remain permanent residents in the North. These recent developments add a new importance and urgency to the industrial situation.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHURCH No argument is needed to prove that the Christian Church in America is still too much of a negligible factor in the industrial world. It has little influence upon the masses of workmen and is either openly denounced or completely ignored. It is generally suspected of being partisan in its attitude and of representing the conservative element of society.

Without attempting any discussion of this very important problem may I suggest some ways in which the Church should reclaim her rightful leadership and influence.

1. The leaders of Christian thought and activity, pastors, laymen, secretaries and editors m?tst recognize the existence of a crucial opportunity in the period of reconstruction. It will not ' do to fall back upon our own formulas, strafe the Socialists, the Industrial Workers of the World and the Bolsheviki and take anattitude of hostility toward the labor leaders who in. many instances have merited criticism. We must' give ourselves to an earnest and open minded study of the issues involved and have an intelligent grasp of the situation. To-day Socialism seems to offer many earnest men the only medium of expression or outlet of their social passion. But there are thousands of men equally earnest and devoted to the cause of human welfare who cannot accept the doctrine of Socialism, and yet must line up with some constructive force which will not compromise with injustice nor tolerate human exploitation. The Christian Church can have these men and women any time she makes it evident that she stands foursquare and uncompromisingly for the supremacy of human rights in the name of her Lord. If the Church cannot lead these socially minded men and women, she will be thrust toone side, for God is mar<}hing on.

2. The Church must show its spiritual vitality and loyalty to the Spirit and mind of Christ by its passion for human welfare. Only a spiritually dead church can be indifferent to human need or

suffering. The great spiritual awakenings 'Of the Church have been fQllQwed by great refQrms. The revival which aWQke England under the ministry 'Of Wesley and Whitefield arQused England tQ realize the social wrQngs 'Of that day.

The Snnday schQols established by RQbert Raikes 'Of GlQucester were the beginnings 'Of a PQPuiar educatiQn. By writings and by her 'Own persQnal example Hannah MQre drew the sympathy of England tQ the PQverty and crime 'Of the agricultural laborer. The passiQnate impulse 'Of human sympathy with the wronged and afflicted raised hospitals, endowed charities, built churches, sent missiQnaries tQ the heathen, supPQrted Burke in his plea fQr the Hindu and Clarkson and Wilberforce in their crusade against the iniquity 'Of the slave trade. John Howard drew his inspiratiQn fQr prisQn ~efQrm frQm the same fountain head of spiritual plOwers newly 'Opened fQr the healing of the nations.

There can be nQ such thing as devDtion tQ Jesus Christ which dDes nQt carry with it lQve fDr men, especially fQr the fQlk whQ need it most. In fact our Lord said that the only assurance 'Of our devQtiQn He wDuld accept as valid is what we do for thDse whQm He lQves.

3. The Church must democratize its service and its fellowship. The Church was meant tQ be a kind of wQrking model Df the Kingdom 'Of GQd, an ideal society. There can be no such thing as a class cDnsciQusness in a truly Ohristian Ohurch. A "labQr" church is as much an anQmaly as a "capitalist" church. When Phillips BrQDks was tQ preach befDre Queen VictQria, SDme 'Of his English friends were anxiDus that he should appreciate the distinguished hDnDr and rather brDadly hinted this and asked what sermDn he had chQsen tQ preach. This great Christian replied, "I have but lOne sermDn." 'When asked tQ address a working man's meeting in Faneuil Hall he replied, "I dQn't knQw hQW tQ talk tQ wQrking men. " They were just men tQ him and he had the same message fDr them as fQr the men and WQmen 'Of the Back Bay. The wQrking men liked him the better fQr it and it was while serving as their chosen arbitratQr tQ settle a street car strike in BQston that he cQntracted the CQld which later caused his death.

Before DemQcracy was ever written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of any natiQn it was written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of the universe. DemQcracy is the Christian valuatiQn of human persDnality. Democracy should begin in the HQuse 'Of GQd.

A pastor in a Western city one day, as we were planning SQme cQmmunity service for an unchurched section of the city, tQld me Df a neighbDring pastQr who said when he had SQught tQ interest him in the prQject: "I am 'On a still hunt fQr substantial peDple." That undemQcratic and essentially un-Ohristian attitude has alienated many working people, and has actually turned many Df these

same "substautial people" from its doors. The Church can have the people any time it really wants them. But to want them, really and truly and deeply want them, is a spiritual achievement of a very high order.

4-The Church must proclaim with unmistakable clearness and unwaverin,q emphasis the stewardship of wealth and social position. The recent book by David McConaughy, "Money, the Acid Test," rightly makes ste,'ardship include not only the giving of money, .but the conscious and recognized obligation to society for the possession and use of every thing we possess. If we had been faithful a half a century ago in proclaiming the broad conception of stewardship we would have avoided many tragic mistakes and saved many wasted lives. This inability to recognize the application of Christian principles to business has been the root of untold injury to the cause of Christ. Whenever the Church will consider unsocial and dishonest stewardship as a ground for discipline and a basis for disfellowship it will have done much to regain the confidence of the man in the shop and the mine.

But in the light of the late crusade against world oppression and injustice, against exploitation and disregard of human rights, we have found our souls, we trust, and are ready to dare all things, make any sacrifice, endure any hardship in order that our dream of brotherhood and redemption may be realized. It is. this new temper of soul which should enable the Church to rise up and attempt the impossible.

A NEW MISSIONARY PROGRAM This attitude and spirit for which we have been pleading must of necessity be reflected in the missionary program of the churches.

I-There must be effective co-operative planning and execution. That was at once apparent in the new industrial centers developed under pressure of the war. It was this conviction that led to the organization of The Joint Committee of Sixteen to represent the War Time Commission of the Churches and the Home Missions Council. This Committee adopted a tentative budget, for the first year, of approximately $900,000, and plans to establish Community churches with an adequate staff of workers in the new permanent communities and is enlisting the support of the various Home Mission Boards to strengthen already existing churches in the older established communities which have been called upon to meet the emergency of this industrial expansioll.

This spirit is finely illustrated in the organization of "The Calumet Church and Missionary F€deration," which is really a missionary planning Board to study and provide for the needs of that rapidly developing industrial region contiguous to Chicago on the East. Christian unity to be of any value must be wrought

out as the unity of allied military action has been wroughtardluu out in France, under the pressure of a great common peril and challenge which makes the recognition of a common cause absolutely essentiai to victory. 'The great. masses of laboring men and women, the people of the great congested areas in our cities, neither know nor care about our historic or theological differences. What they will understand readily is incarnate love and friendliness which reveals and interprets the Saviour.

2-0ur missionary program mnst be a comprehensive community program projected not upon the basis of theories, but on the ground of meeting the needs of the community.

During the frightful suffering endured by the poor in New York City in the winter of 1917 to 1918 the churches endeavored to keep the buildings warmed and opened to the community. The children came from school and the mothers and babies from the tenements, to seek refuge. One of the missionary organizations, when the coal for the churches was exhausted, appealed in vain for more. Finally the head woman worker went in person to present the urgency of the situation. She at once met with the sharp reply that they were not furnishing coal for churches. Then pleading for two minutes' time she told the story of the heroic service they had been doing to meet the emergency. Before she had finished the coal administrator called on the telephone to a supply yard and the missionary heard one end of the conversation and her imagination supplied the other. "Send some coal to the Second Avenue Baptist church. Yes I know we are not supplying any coal to churches, but this isn't a church. They call it a church, but it isn't a church, it's a place where they take care of children and women with babies. Send them some coaL"

The missionary program which is to minister to the community where congestion and poverty abound, where life is barren of beauty and warmth, must provide for the whole life of the whole community. The foreign mission program has long ago recognized that obligation, but some way our conventional religious activities have not made room for a building which shall be a community center, with a day nursery, a dispensary, a laundry, recreational and educational equipment. But we see it now, and the great Home Mission Boards will never be content to confine their ministry to a program that calls for a twice a week opening of a meeting house.

There can be no substitute for personal religious experience. What we plead for is what John the Baptist came for, a preparation for the Lord, a prepared way, with rough places smoother, the crooked straightened, the low places filled up and the high places leveled, that the glory of the Lord may be revealed and all flesh see it together.

@ @ ~

. _ " BE S'TDD.M~UETJtHJO…"Dau.S"". . . ,,~O ,,"_ EDiTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK CITY_ Working By Proxy METHODS OF HELPING OTHERS DO THEIR WORK Is it true that no one can do 'another's work? Perhaps so, but equally true is it that every one can help some one else to do his work better. Some of the most effective workers in the world to-day are effective because of the people who are helping them, while the greatest things accomplished by men and women are not always the things they actually do themselves but the things they make it possible for others to do.

WILLIAM CAREY did a work conserve valuable strength and mul- which reached to the ends of tiply efficiency.

the earth. A widow unknown to The American women who gave fame in whose home he began his Dr. Ida: Scudder an automobile lit- work helped to make possible a work erally made the strength of that which she could have in no wise done splendid worker in India as the herself. strength of ten, for doctor plus A woman who never set foot in an automobile can cover as much Africa made possible much of the ground and see as many patients as work done by David Livingstone by ten doctors minus an automobile.

handing him a cash gift as he was A missionary who has been in going out to his work. With this service for thirty-two years recently gift Livingstone employed the native wrote to a friend: "It would be so man who cared for him in many easy for some one to make possible ways, who conserved the strength of a longer period of efficiency for the his master by attending to details of older missionaries by a little thought- his work, and, who actually saved ful provision for aids in our work.

the life of that greatest of all mis- . We go through our first and second sionaries to the dark continent, in and perhaps our third decades with an encounter with a lion. enthusiasm and energy, struggling We are inclined to most extrava- with the ever unsolvable problem of gant economy in withholding the making two very inelastic ends meet equipment which would make the to cover the needs of the family.

work of missionaries and missionary We do it cheerfully and get so used leaders really effective. to it that stretching one dollar to the Extravagance garbed in the guise purchasing power of five, and making of economy is it which bids a mis- something out of nothing, grow to be sionary secretary save on clerical help in time almost second nature.

to the exhaustion of his own vitality, "But when we start in on our while truest economy is found in the fourth decade we face a very difficult expenditure of sufficient amounts to situation. By virtue of our thirty. or 453

more years' residence and work in Many people have given thought to our adopted land we are at last really increasing the efficiency of the young in a position to do many things we missionary, but here is suggested a have longed to do. Now we meet great opportunity of prolonging the evidences of a love and confidence, efficiency of workers, already trained gained only by long years of residence and acclimated, who have a hold on and work. Now come requests to the work and a position of influence take charge of many important ac- not to be had by any new comers to tivities and, after working for all the field, no matter how gifted and these years to reach this vantage energetic they may be.

ground, we have to fail to make the UNLISTED IN WHO'S· WHO most of it, because of physicallimitations. If an adequate means of Yet they have made some great traveling about the large city in work possible.

which our work may lie were pro- . During the days of the war it vided, we might be able to do some seemed that a missionary secretary, of these things we have longed to who was doing exceptionally fine do and now have the opportunity of work in rural communities for the doing. If we could have enough Federal Council of Churches, would help in our homes, so that the enter- have to give it all up because his taining which is at once a great wife's strength was not sufficient to privilege and a great drain on the meet the demands made by the care strength of the senior missionaries, of the home and the children, with might be less of a drain and more of no servant to be had on any terms.

a privilege, we could have strength A bright young schoolgirl saw the released for the outside work that situation and proposed that she would calls so insistently. Even if he is come in for several hours every day able to get along without it in his to cook.or to wash dishes or to clean younger days, a missionary after his house or nurse as the need was.

third furlough should have some kind Some of her schoolmates made horri- of conveyance for his own use, or fied ejaculation: "Surely you are else a fund to enable him to use more not going out to help to do house- freely the public motor cars when work !" "Oh, no," said she. "I'm such are available. To his former going out to help the Federal Coun- salary should be added enough to cil of Churches carry out a program enable him to live and entertain the for a great work in rural communi- many guests who come to his door, ties."

without the straining economy which In the Centenary Campaign of the exhausts him. Methodist Church a man was needed Here for instance is the wife of a to do a fine piece of organizing work missionary. She is over sixty but in looking after the allocation of five is in good health and goes about four . thousand minute men to speak in miles to her work. She takes two different churches. A New York lines of cars and walks five blocks pastor was found who was peculiarly each way, occupying about an hour fitted for the task, but there seemed in· making the trip. She returns no way to secure his release from home exhausted. If she had been the heavy pastoral work which de- able to go in an automobile she could manded all of his time, until a young have made the trip in less than fif- layman said, "Now I cannot manage teen minutes and been rested instead as big a proposition as this area of wearied by it. Why does she not proposition with the assignment of live near her work? Because her speakers and all it involves, but I can husband's classes must be considered organize the executive work of this first and their home is convenient to congregation so as to release a large these." part of the pastor's time on six days

BEST METHODS

of the week. Whereupon he applied delegate to the International Sunday himself to the task of having the School Association. Of course you members of the congregation take are going." "I'm a delegate, but I'm care of many of the week day not going," was the answer. A bit activities which had previously been of questioning brought the informaattended to by the pastor. New- tion that he was not going because comers, and new members were called he did not have money to pay his on, the sick· were visited, and a expenses. Then the Bible class splendid system of work was set teacher said, "Now see here, I believe in motion which made it possible for in you and what you're going to do the pastor to give his time largely in the Sunday-school, and I'm going through the week to the big piece of to see that you go to that convenwork for the Centenary. This was tion." the main objective, but a valuable by-product was the increased activity The young man went, and there his of the membership of the congrega- eyes were opened to the possibilities tion in the work of the church: of the Sunday-school, and he has given his life to the realization of There is a woman whose name has these possibilities. never appeared in a list of missionary workers, but who is doing a great The Bible school teacher had only work by proxy. She does not speak a local influence through his own at meetings nor is she known to work, but when he found Marion executive councils, but she slips Lawrance and gave him the $20.00 quietly into the home of a prominent which paid his expenses to his first and busy missionary leader who is Sunday School Convention, he set in eminently fitted to both of these tasks, motion the greatest influence of his and takes. charge of her darning bas- life. ket, thereby releasing much of her gifted friend's valuable time for He little dreamed that he was service which she alone can give. An- helping the future General Secretary other woman who was doing a fine of the International Sundav Schaol piece of public work in addition to Association to find his work and to her own housekeeping was enabled do it in a way that has for years to continue it without interruption made him the outstanding Sundaybecause a practical friend said, "I sch001 leader of the world. cannot do the speaking you are doing, but if you will keep right at it, I'll In like manner some one saw the attend to your canning and preserv- possibilities in a young law student, ing this summer." and made arrangements for W. C. Pearce to go to his first Sunday- A business man proposed to as- school convention, which was a great sume the salary of one of the great influence in directing his exceptional missionary leaders of this country, ability in dealing with men in the making it possible for this most con- channels of Christian and Sundayvincing speaker to go all over the school work. country giving his message. He has stirred the hearts of men everywhere' DANGERS OF SELF-CENTERED and secured multiplied thousands for missions and many missionaries for SERVICE the field, The business man could not have done the work, but he made At a summer conference some one it possible for another man to do it. spoke of the magnetic personality and the outstanding success of one of the In the year 1884 a Bible class leaders. teacher put his hand on the arm of a young Sunday-school superinten- "Yes," said a thoughtful man dent. "I'm glad to see you are a quietly, "I have noticed his success and have noted that it has been attained at the sacrifice of other men's success. He seems to have had no thought beyond his own

classes. He has kept the members of rosetted and looped, artistically them beyond the hour, and knocked draped, and gaily streamered.

the heart out of the work of the man The hat was presented as a "going who followed him. He has featured away hat" for the summer confer- his own work, but has done nothing ence trip and the application thereof in a big cooperative way to help was evident. The committee testi- others do theirs." fied that they had no difficulty in se- To constantly have a thought for curing the gifts and that practically the success of others; to make it pos- everyone to whom they mentioned it sible for some one who is about to immediately wanted to have part in fail to succeed; to help some one who the plan.

is doing good work to do better Here lies a suggestion for sending work; to lead into the work some one delegates from various organizations.

who has been on the outside: here is A bright little rhyme to accompany broader opportunity than unconsider- the presentation adds to the occasion.

ing, self-centered achievement of ONE WOMAN'S INFLUENCE one's own task alone. The day was done, and a woman HER GOING AWAY HAT tired and weary signed her name to Modes and Methods in Missionary the last note to be written as the clock struck twelve. "Another day Millinery • gone and what have I done?" she The members of the miSSIOnary said. society wanted their pastor's wife to go to the summer conference, but the She read over the two notes: "Dear Miss Blank: There comes to financing of the trip was the thing me so constantly the feeling that the that clouded their brow. nurses in our hospitals are so overcworked and that they have so little relaxation She was a fine missionary leader, but for years she had been giving from their constant association with a world of sickness and suffering that I freely out of her store with no iust long to snatch them away from it chance for training or for stimulating all for a little while into an entirely differassociation with other leaders and ent atmosphere which would put a new teachers. The summer conference song in their weary hearts and a new spring in their tired steps. I have enwith its rich program of methods gaged two seats for all the orchestra conand study would be just the thing for certs this season which I want to place her, but where was the money to at your disposal, as you are in charge of come from, and just how was it to the nurses. I cannot do the work they be. presented to her? are doing but perhaps this strain of music Then began much whispered dis- in their lives will help them to do it better." cussion and many mysterious references. Whenever "the hat" was men- She sealed this and then glanced tioned, people smiled a little knowing over the other note.

smile and stock in millinery straight- "Dear Pastor; I am sending you a line way became popular. to let you know that a little bird flew At the close of the next meeting past and whispered to me that my pastor of the society a delivery boy ap- and my pastor's wife were tired and needed a rest. This same little bird flew peared at the psychological moment on up to Poland Springs and engaged a with a huge hatbox addressed to the room for you for a month on the very pastor's wife, who was asked to come forward to receive it. When the spot you said you would choose of all spots for a vacation, and tells me that the bills are all paid in advance. It was a box was opened a straw hat, product blue bird, by the way, and I am sure if you follow its leading you will find of a five and ten cent store, was happiness and new strength." lifted out. Interest centered not in the shape but in the most startling Before she went to sleep, her trimming, eloquently suggestive of St. thoughts traveled back over the busy Patrick. Greenbacks were gracefully hours of the day. No great task had

been done. She had attended a meet- lips tightened, her eyes flashed the ing of the Orphan's Home Board and spirit of the conqueror. By sheer had succeeded in getting an assistant force of her will she seemed to hold for the superintendent. She had her patient back from the out-reach- gone by the hospital to make sure of ing arms of death. In defiance of the delivery of the victrola and the the doctor's sigh she continued her records the nurse had told her would ministrations, not submissively but be such a wonderful help. She had combatively, until, as the hours of lost time there because one of the the night broke before the coming young doctors looked so tired and of the dawn, the doctor whispered worn she had stolen him away for a exultingly: "You win!"

little ride in her automobile. As the patient breathed evenly and Then she had mailed to a mission- regularly he said, "I marvel at your ary friend in Japan a number of endurance and your unconquerable dainty little dresses which her own SpIrIt. You simply held this man little daughter had outgrown, and back from death to-night, after I had sent with them a batch of late gave up."

magazines. In the evening she had The eyes of the nurse became given a birthday party for one of the dreamy. "I would have given ~p deaconesses at the mother house. too if it had not been for the con- For years it had been her custom to cert. I was completely exhausted be hostess for the birthdays of the last night but to-day some one sent sisters, most of whom were far awav me a ticket for the concert. It was from their families. Then she had wonderful and it put new life and finished up with the dressmaker who spirit into my work. I just could not was working on a dress for her give up with that music in my heart."

friend. She thought of this friend **** as she went to bed, and prayed that A pastor came back to his wor!: God would speak through her His after a month's vacation with a ne,1:'

messages as she traveled through light in his eye and a new energy in the land addressing important meet- his planning. Throughout the parish ings. Several years ago she had pro- it was evident. New members were posed that she would become "Lady enrolled, and far reaching plans were of the Wardrobe" to do her friend's projected. The church officials were shopping and look after all the time- full of joy. Now he seemed to be consuming details, so that her full getting a masterful grip on the situa- time might be released for missionary tion. He had been very tired and service. his vacation had made a new man of She slipped out of bed to write yet him. A woman who could not do a another note to assure this friend of pastor's work had made it possible hers that she was following her for a pastor to do his work more schedule with prayer. Then she went efficiently. * At an orphan's* ho*me*a- superintento sleep, little dreaming of what she had done that day. * * * * dent was carrying out her dream of In the dim light of a hospital years to give more time to some of room a doctor and a nurse sat by a the things she counted most vital, but which had been impossible for lack patient's bed. . "We lose," whispered the doctor to of assistance. Now, with her new the nurse, as he admitted the hope- assistant, had come new hope and lessness of the long, hard fight by a new courage and dreams come true. sigh and sat down dejectedly by the – With grateful heart her thoughts turned to the woman who had made patient's bed. No relaxing was evident in the this possible. "If there is any ~uccess nurse's face. The lines about her in my work just about half of the

reward is hers, because her hearty a birthday and cared to celebrate it.

support and understanding sympathy The few hours of happy relaxation have made my work possible. had bound all of the guests closer * *** together and put a clearer note of A nurse rolled a victrola into the fellowship and joy in their work ward on Sunday morning. As the "Bless her," whispered one, "she soft strains of "Rock of Ages Cleft just seems to live to help other peo- for Me" came to each ear the drawn ple to live up to their best and to faces in the beds relaxed and an air do their work"

of peace pervaded the room. Then **** followed others of the old hymns, A missionary secretary faced an bringing blessing and assurance to invitation to address a great gather- those who listened. From room to ing. "No more this year," she said room the victrola was taken and in as she glanced at her suitcase, "I each it gave its message and accom- must go home for rest and repairs."

plished its work. "It is one of my Then there came a letter written at first and one of my last aids," said midnight.

the nurse. "It has helped many "I am following you with my back to health and has comforted prayers as you speak Then, my some in the valley of the shadow. dear, I am worldly-minded enough This dear, dear friend of mine litt~ to follow you with the new dress you knows how many hearts she has had fitted several weeks ago. Never 'reached through her gift nor how get it into your head that the Lord much easier she has made my work" can speak better through a woman * * A * who is carelessly dressed than through young d*octor patients one who is hooked uP. straight with met his with a fresh breath of air in his no buttons dangling. I know how lungs and a new light in his eye, little time you have to give to details, just because of a little spin around and I count it a real privilege to the beautiful driveway of the park. relieve you of as much care of your **** wardrobe as possible; and while I Over in Japan a woman unpacked cannot address the audiences you can, little dresses while a deep wave of yet I hope you can get in more meet- thanksgiving swept her heart. She ings than you could if you had to be hugged her little daughter impul- bothered with this shopping."

sively. "This means, precious, not At a meeting next day four young only that you can have these lovely people decided to give their lives to dresses, but that mother can go right missionary service and a gift of five on with the kindergarten work in- thousand dollars was secured for stead of having to stop to sew as the work.

she had planned. And these maga- "These are her -trophies," said the zines! We must begin right away speaker to herself, Hfor I could to divide them up among all the not have accepted this invitation nor missionaries who are so hungry for a host of others if she had not taken a sight of them. They will bring on her shoulders so many details of joy all along the line. I wonder jf shopping and planning for me."

that friend across the ocean knows **** that she makes it possible for me to The day was done. A woman do many things that could neyer have tired and weary fell asleep. What had been done but for her?" she done? No newspaper recorded **** any great achievement with flaring A deaconess had gone to her work headlines. No audience thronged with a new glow about her heart. around her in appreciation, yet she It made such a difference to know had made possible work which reached that some Qne actually remembered the ends of the earth.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J. Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Board· CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS A Letter to the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards ONCE more the Committee on ment and urged upon all Christian Christian Literature for Women teachers throughout the land, reads and Children in Mission Fields de- like a romance. By this method sires to lay before ·you its pressing thirty-nine characters are made to do need of funds to carry on its work. the work of the 5,000 or 6,000 which This Committee is one of the the most limited reading and writ- ing of Chinese has heretofore re- Standing Committees of the Federa- quired. With the pos3ibilities bound tion of Women's Boards. Its re- up in this new system, when the port for 1918 is included in the an- seven hundred thousand Ch.:_tians nual report of the Federation, which shall each say to his neighbor, may be secured from Miss M. H. "Know the Lord through the pnnted Leavis, West Medford, Mass. page," it is manifestly of the gr:::atest importance that books shall be pre- As a Committee, we have become p2recl for women and young people responsible in 1919 for several im- which shall give them pure Christian pOItant pieces of work, but mnd our- ideals. selves, at this date, with less than The Chinese Christian Literature $500 in our treasury. Council, of which Miss Laura M. May we ask that you will, at the White is a member, has asked the Woman's Committee to provide earliest opportunity, bring to your $1000 gold for this great new en- Executive Committees these requests, terprise. The Committee has guarand urge an immediate and generous anteed this sum. support of this appealing and evergrowing branch of foreign mission- 3. In Japan a new weekly news- paper for women has just been ary work? started under the auspices of the 1. The Committee has promised Christian Literature Society of Japan. Miss Bosanquet (Bo~zan­ $500 annually for the publishing ex- kay) in charge of this department penses of "Happy Childhood," the only Christian magazine for Chinese says: children. Through the generous and self-sacrificing efforts of Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, of Shanghai, the Committee is able to place this little "We shall be very glad if friends will illustrated magazine in the hands of help us to make the 'Ai No Hikari' about four thousand of the children (Light of Love) known and get it into of China, at the nominal cost of the factories and workshops. It will also twenty-five cents gold per year. But be found suitable for home use, for moth- ers' meetings and for farmer and fisher there are millions of children who people."

have no "Happy Childhood," and The Committee has assumed $300 we beg for funds to lengthen the as its yearly gift for this much- list of those who shall be gladdened needed new paper. Ten dollars wilt . by this messenger from Christ's peo- . place it for a year in the hands of ple. one thousand Japanese women, who Z. The story of the new alphabet perhaps have never had a glimpse of for China, endorsed by the Govern- such a life as Mary SJessor's, the 459

story of whose girlhood begins in the to learn the le'ssons of the war. A initial number, February, 1919. dozen new democracies have sprung A new magazine for English into existence over night. The new speaking students in India has been peoples eager for popular govern- already guaranteed under the super- ment, as a rule, are ill prepared for vision of Miss Flora Robinson and its exercise. A vast responsibility her sister Ruth of Isabella Thoburn rests upon missionary boards in the College, Lucknow. We have the first matter of education in democracy, $500 for this. A second will be especially as to the Christian basis needed before January 1, 1920. for democracy. One of the tasks is Other smaller undertakings, all the preparation of the 400,000,000 beneficial and all greatly needed, Chinese for self rule. There is an make a budget of approximately $3,- urgent call for books and trcatis.·'~ 000 to be financed during 1919. This· emanating from America which shall is a very conservative estimate, really deal' with this problem in a popular only a drop in the bucket needed to yet fundamental way.

assuage the thirst of the new Chris- 2. Along with the new political and tians in our mission fields. economic aspirations, there has come We ask therefore that you will re- a heart hunger to the nations. Their spond as soon as possible with a sub- time honored institutions are failing stantial appropriation from your to meet their deeper needs. Their Board for these most appealing ob- religions have not stood the test of jects, and that you will also try to modern conditions. In many lands, secure immediate gifts from inter- notably in China, we see a reaching ested friends, women's clubs, inter- out for the secret of vital Christian- denominational groups and summer ity. Multitudes who have never at- conferences. tended a mission chapel are in a Surely we cannot fail in this bit of mood to read a well written book in world rebuilding, nor refuse to share which the essential truths of our our riches of books and magazines religion are set forth.

with the newly awakened women 3. Synchronizing with this new and young people of lands brought … situation is a rapid increase in the near us by a world-war. reading public. Not in vain have the Please make checks payable to L. mission schools throughout the world V. North, Treasurer, Bradford Acad- been pouring out their thousands of emy, Bradford, Mass. graduates year by year. In countries Christian Literature leaflets and like Japan, the government has seen programs may be obtained from Miss to it that the people generally have M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., been taught to read. In India not for ten cents in stamps. less than a million new literates are Yours in Christian service, being produced by government and ALICE M. KYI,E, Chairman. mission schools every year. Are we L. V; NORTH, Treasurer. to create a thirst for knowledge and MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, then not supply the means for its Central Committee on United Study satisfaction? A particularly encour- of Foreign Missions. aging sign in the Far East is the THE NEXT STEP growing literacy of women. There By CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., are many opportunities now to reach the mothers in tqe homes by means Boston, Mass. of books, magazines, and leaflets.

Four considerations point to the Where this is impossible, Bible wo- ·expansion of the literature movement men and teachers can read good lit- as the next step in missionary strat- erature to eager groups of listeners egy. in the bazaar, the harem, and the 1. The world is awake and eager home.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

4. Back of all these conditions is in the matter of meeting this new de- the ineradii:able respect of the Orien- mand. That attractive little maga- tal for a book. In lands like China, zine for the children of ·China en- Arabia, and Turkey, a book is an titled "Happy Childhood," which has almost sacred object. The common come into being under the stimulus people have a respect for the printed of the Committee on Literature o'

page which finds no parallel in the the Federation of Woman's Boards, western world. The mere fact that is a happy augury of similar ventures a statement is made in prirrted form to be made in behalf of other Lands.

carries great weight with the Orien- It is proposed now that the Woman's tal mind. Boards shall help in the publication It is the consensus of the best mis- of a weekly newspaper for the wo- sionary opinion that the pushing of men of Japan. One of the most en- our literature department is a matter couraging events is the agreement of of the utmost urgency. The situa- the Woman's Literature Committee tion will brook no delay. We are to raise $1000 to cover the item in much farther behind in this line of the Literature budget for women and effort than in any other. In fact children drawn up by the Literature every other department, most of all Council of China.

evangelism, is being held back for Through such ventures as these it lack of adequate literature. is demonstrated that we are working It is also a matter of common con- along right lines in this effort. May sent that by far the larger part of I urge that the Woman's Boards our Christian literature should be should consider most earnestly in- produced on the cooperative basis. creasing their appropriations in order There will always be a demand for to meet the above responsibilities and denominational and board publica- that we may take advantage of the tions, but it is safe to say that fully unprecedented opportunity of our three-quarters of the literary output times?

may be produced more economically In my opinion this is clearly the and effectively through union agen- next step for us to take.

cies.

Fortunately during the years of the HELPING THE CHILDREN war the Boards have been organiz- An Address by ing union literature committees in MRS. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, Shang- Japan, Korea, China, Moslem Lands, and Latin America. The union or- hai, China ganization exists ready to our hand. In all these areas careful surveys Train up a child in the way he .should have been made so that we are in go and when he i.s old he wilt not depossession of data as a basis for poli- part from it.

And Jeous called a little child unto him and set him in the midst of them.

cies covering the whole range of lit- .In non-Christian lands the value erature. In the surveys special at- and importance of the child has not tention has been paid to the reach- yet been grasped. I fear that even in ing of the women and the children our missionary work we have not put through attractive picture books, the child in the midst. And yet if we story leaflets, magazines, and treatises are to capture these lands for the on domestic economy and the care of King of kings, we must have the chil- children, as well as by means of dren. Judging by the wealth of works dealing with the devotional literature published in America for life and the building of character. children and young people, the child May I express the satisfaction felt specialists must consider it a very by many who are interested in this important part of the child's life.

line of effort over the enterprise and At Christmas time in Toronto I was promptness of the Women's Boards struck as never before by the wealth

of literature prepared for children. the New Testament at least. Let us Several times I stood outside the prepare and distribute books teaching shop windows and gazed, then went the child truth, love, kindness and inside and gazed, and handled. the good-will. Then the world of the beautiful, attractive literature for our future will be safe fo'r democracy. children. Books for the tiny tots, We were told yesterday that a transbooks for young boys and girls, lator occupied a throne of power. books for the young people, who, I fear we have not been very quick to occupy those thrones. Standing with reluctant feet, Where the brook and river meet, For the Chinese child under ten years of age, we have almost no need no such guiding, books of poe- special literature prepared and pubtry, adventure, and travel. Authors, lished by the Christian Church. artists, and publishers all seem to combine to make the path of litera- We have also sadly neglected the ture a flowery one for our children, boy of teen age, with his many deand rightly it should be so. But sires waiting to be guided and inas I gazed and handled, I felt some- spired. what like the Psalmist, "My heart was hot within me; while I was mus- Before leaving China I obtained ing the fire kindled," and I thotlght the following figures from the China Continuation Com mit tee. (You of China and her millions of children, know, in China the "C. C. C." is the authority. We expect them to know of· India and Africa, and of the poor, everything and to tell us the truth, pitiful, little efforts we have made to especially in statistics.) In China supply the needs of childhood in we have one hundred millions of these lands. We have been thinking children under ten years of age, and of the man and forgetting the father another one hundred million under of the man. We have not put the twenty years of age. I have heard it child in the midst. Literature for stated that the population of China men is important, for women even doubles itself in eighty years. Here more so, for children most important. then is the real yellow peril if one exists. We talk much of making the world safe for democracy, whatever that Does it stagger us? It should not. phrase may mean. The boy of today The Good Shepherd said, "Feed My will be the man in ten or fifteen lambs." He also said, "Whatsoever years' time; the girl of today will be ye shall ask the Father in My name the mother in ten or fifteen years' He will give it to you." Surely, that time. It is a difficult task to alter promise is equal to any task. the finished product, especially when that finished product is a man. It is estimated we have 60,000 girls in our mission schools in China, also Why is it the -doors are open in a large number of girls in the Gov- China and other non-Christian lands? ernment schools, and a still larger There are doubtless many reasons, number of boys in mission and nonbut one obvious reason is that these mission schools. We have also 500,- lands are now dotted over with grad- 000 children under religious instrucuates from our mission schools, who tion every Sunday in China. I have are leaders of public opinion. If we hellrd many teachers in China behad paid still more attention to the moan the fact that the young people child and his needs in the past, per- are not acquiring the reading habit. haps there would have been no need Why? – Because they have so little to have discussed how to promote suitable reading matter. We have internationalism. thought much, and rightly so, of es- tablishing mission schools for the We hear of the value of the Bible children, but we have not thought and Christian literature in our work. enough of the desires and longings Let us see that every child in non- Christian lands possess a copy of

that are being born in the child's "Tell me who i~ this Jesus of wnom mind as he or she passes through the this paper speaks so often." Then, schools. like Philip, the apostle of old, she sat Thanks to the Committee on Chris- down and preached unto her Jesus. tian Literature for Women and Another official in Peking, ordering Children, wt: have a children's maga- the magazine for his family, wrote: zine in China. it had its birth dur- "The paper is a light for the children ing the war, but has nevertheless of China." reached a subscription list of 4,000 copies per month. When we think of We want to enlarge this magazine the number of children in China, we so as to meet the wide opportunities feel like exclaiming, "What is that awaiting it, and we also need help in among so many ?" We believe, how- distributing it. The extreme poverty ever, that each magazine has large of the people makes it difficult often audiences. It goes into all denomina- for them to buy it. If the children tions, to all parts of China; also it cannot afford to buy it we ought to finds its way into Burma, the Malay give it to them. States, and to Chinese in Canada and America. Let me quote from one or Yes, we need more literature for two letters from missionaries. From the Chinese child, and the Indian Kiangyin :' "I find it a valuable paper child, and the Korean child. We need to put "the child in the midst" for the young people"; from. Man- -realize his value as did the Savchuria, "We all enjoy the magazine iour-study his needs and then supimmensely, it supplies a long-felt ply them. We dare not put the chil~ want. All of us who work among dren into our mission schools, make the children are specially 'grateful"; them hungry, and then leave them. from Shanghai, "Not only to scholars in day and Sunday school does it A Chinese young woman, writing come as a delight and a much-coveted to me some weeks ago, sai~: possession, but also to the pastors and teachers and church members-all Our young people la,ck high ideals and love the paper." large visions. If they possess high ideals and large visions they will be more use- Reading broadens the outlook, en- ful to society and far more beneficial to lists the sympathy of the Eastern future generations. We want books for child, as it does that of our own chil- our young women, books for our children, dren. picture books for our little ones.

We also have a competition page Do you know how many picture in our magazine, in which the chil- books we have published by the misdren take great delight. A Band of sion presses in China for the little Kindness pledge has also proved very ones? I know of just one-not very popUlar, and many hundreds of Chi- attractive-but it has had a large nese children have signed this pledge sale-lOO,OOO,OOO children and one from all over China. Letters to the picture book! The mothers and editor from the children are often teachers in China do not need to received, showing the real interest the spend much time in turning over children take. I need hardly say that books trying to decide' which book books are one of the most valuable they will buy. I claim that books are evangelistic agents we have on the necessary for our children in nonmission field. A lady missionary was Christian lands, also that we have not visiting and teaching in the home of put this subject in the place it dethe late Yuan Shi Kai. She left a serves. We need more books, we copy of the children's magazine with need help for distributing the books. the ladies several times on her visits. One day one of the young wives of I plead for the child in China, in the palace called her aside and said: India, in Africa, in Korea, in Japan, that in our budgets, our confer- ences, our plans, we may place the child where the Saviour did-"in the midst."

fROM l1rANY

AFRICA countless government bulletins on New Ideals in Barot8e-Dand "Care of Infants," laws regulating child labor, etc. With all these helps BAROTSE-LAND Mission, Rho- infantile paralysis and other chil- . desia, under the care of the Paris dren's dise<rses are still a menace. Evangelical Society, has been se- In Egypt, however, a land of intense verely tested during the four and a heat, fiies, filth and ignorance, it is half years of war. No contributions small vronder that all manner of reached it from Belgium, Alsace or children's ailments are prevalent. Northern France, and nineteen work- , Mothers need to be taught that yearers were lost to the staff, either old babies cannot thrive on waterthrough illness, death or the call to melon and cucumbers. Eye diseases military service. Notwithstanding are common because of infected dust, these handicaps, ten new out-stations, so that few, even of the well-cared with schools, have been organized. for American babies escape entirely. The social and moral level of the If the appalling death rate among locality has risen very perceptibly. Egyptian babies is to be checked, The native chiefs have mapped out there must be a campaign of educaprogrammes of reform in marriage, tion for Egyptian mothers. This is education and temperance, and while one reason why the Nile Mission not always carried out by their pro- Press is starting a magazine for moters, the plans mark a new level Egyptian mothers. of aspiration. At a recent baptismal service the king addressed the people Communion Sunday in Elat A in an admirable manner, reminding LTHOUGH seven churches have grown out of the original church them that their task was not completed because they had been bap- at Elat, West Africa, the membertized, but that it was only begun, for ship of the present church is still temptations would assail them. over 4,000. The communion service Scriptures lor Africa is so large as to be almost unwieldy. Rev. W. C. Johnstone reports that THE British and Foreign Bible So- at the last communion service he ciety has published some part of baptized fifty-five babies and 225 the Scriptures in one hundred and adults. More than 300 were ex- thirty-seven African languages. These amined for membership. This is include the complete Bible in twenty- "just an average service in Elat!

two languages, and the complete New Testament in thirty-one more lan- Orume, an African Convert P guages. In the continent as a whole ERHAPS this little African boy understood as much theology as about eight hundred recognized languages are spoken, according to the Samuel did when he prayed the estimate of W. J. W. Roome, secre- prayer that influenced all his after tary of the Society for British East life: "Speak, Lord, for Thy servant Africa. heareth."

Orume, seven years old, is the son of an African chief, and was given Chnd Welfare Work for Egypt AMERICA has many forms of by his father to a missionary as a child welfare work, including present. He has been the subject of visiting nurses for the city slums, much prayer and training. Small bureaus of instruction for mothers, wonder then that he has made prog- laws guarding against infected milk, ress. One day he sought out the 464

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

missionary's wife to tell her that he walked 400 miles, bearing letters wished to follow Jesus. "What is from Dr. Moffat, and asked to be following Jesus?" "Doing only what put to work for Christ. Mr. Bailey pleases Him," said Orume. "But was obliged to tell them there was suppose you find it hard sometimes, no money for their support, but afwhat then?" "The Holy Spirit will ter praying over the matter, he sughelp me let sin alone," was the reply. gested that they go to three diff",rent "Do you know what sin is, Orume?" localities where chiefs had asked for "Oh, yes, doing things that make the teachers and promised to provide Lord's heart sore." them with food. Bravely they went. In 1916 Mr. Bailey completell the Orume's influence promises to be translation of the Gospel of John, very great as he grows up. which the Mbunda, Nkangala and Yauma can all understand. Casting in her All Six hundred miles stretch between AN old black heathen w:oman lay this lonely worker and the Atlantic in a hut so filthy that when the Coast of Africa, and not a missionmissionary went to see her she could ary in that distance. The American scarcely believe it contained a human Board station at Bihe is four hunbeing. The doorway was so low a dred miles northwest and other misdog could not enter without having sions are a two weeks' journey to the his back scraped. She was ill in south and east. body, but more ill in soul. "I asked you to come," she said, "because NORTH AMERICA your God answers prayer." After a few visits from the missionary and A Programme of Americanization the evangelist, light began to break, the Light that gives Life. She be- AN Inter-Racial Council has been came a new creature in spirit, though formed for the welfare of immirapidly nearing the close of her grants coming to our shores. Three earthly life. The last visit found her lines of work will be undertaken: fumbling with the filthy rag wound education in the English language about her head, fI:.om which she and the ideals and principles of finally extracted a shilling, and hand- America; industrial co-operation by ing it to the evangelist she said: "Go which the immigrant will be made to and give that to the missionary and feel at home and will be brought on tell him it is a thank-offering for the better terms with his employer; varjoy of salvation." ious groups will be brought into association with each other so that Angola and the South Africa General race jealousies may be lessened and devotion to America take its place i,1 Mission every life.

I N 1853, Livingstone passed through United Presbyterian. Portuguese West Africa; thirtyone years later F. S. Arnot passed Russian Orthodox Church Reorganized through and promised to send a missionary. Twenty-eight years after BEFORE the Revolution in Russia, that (in 1912) Rev. A. W. Bailey, the Russian Orthodox churches of the South Africa General Mission, in the United States were under the visited the Luchase country and direct control of the central authority found it still untouched with the in Petrograd. Since the Revolution Gospel. In July, 1914, he began the it has been a serious question just building of a small stick-and-c1ay what the Russian churches here were house of worship, and for the past to do. A solution of the problem five years has taught the Gospel in was reached Feb. 28 in a meeting that heathen center. In 1915 three in Cleveland, Ohio, of the representanative Christian men and their wives tives of more than two hundred Rlls- sian parishes who united to form an

organization under the above title. It the city, were sufficient to furnish was participated in by representatives twenty grains of these drugs daily of the Roumanian, Bulgarian, Alban- to 2,000 persons. Figuring the norian, Serbian and Syrian peoples whQ mal medicinal dose at one-sixth to are in communion with the Rus- one-fourth grain daily, the commissian branch of the Greek Orthodox sioner estimated that these sales Church. would supply 40,000 persons had it been administered medicinally, which Almosl all these churches are would seem to indicate that a large located in great industrial centers, proportion of the sales in the thirtyand exert an immeasurable influence three stores mentioned was m~. de to over a large portion of our foreign addicts. The New York City Compopulation. missioner of Correction, Dr. fames A. Hamilton, emphasizes the fact Congregationalist and Advance. that the drug habit is not confined to the poor, but extends to all strata A Jewish MissIon (Jonference of society. "It is an increasing men- ace to society," says Dr. Hamilton, THE Chicago Hebrew Mission has "and if allowed to continue un- arranged to hold its Annual checked, will ruin not only the in- Conference on behalf of Israel, al dividual but the nation as well." the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago May 20th to 23rd inclusive. Friend~ The Lutheran "Inner Missions" of Israel, who discern the signs oj the times, are asked to pray that THE Lutheran Church in America this Conference may be greatly is large. and powerful. Most blessed of God. For further infor- Christian people know more of their mation write Supt. 'Norman H. foreign work than of the work in the Camp, 1505 So. Sawyer Ave., Chi- United States. The term "Inner cago, Ill. Missions" is not generally familiar to those of other denominations. During January and February, the The idea of "inner missions" is to Chicago Hebrew Mission has con- re-establish the primitive ideal of ducted a systematic house to house Christianity, so that loving service distribution of tracts in three large to a needy will becomes the manifest Jewish districts of Chicago. One sign, wherever there is a Christian. tract in' English and one in Yid- The ideal is to have the entire memdish were left in each home, and bership of the Church in active servduring the two months a total of 86,- ice. 526 tracts were given out, in this way evangelizing approximately 200,000 The aim is to bring all men to people. The workers are now re-vis- Christ and the primary method is by iting this same territory with Bibles, the direct personal work of each Testaments and Gospels. Christian in ministering to the physi- cal, mental and spirituaJ needs of all Increase in Sale of Habit-Forming who are in want. The secondary method is by institutions to care for Drugs the homeless, the sick, the aged, the orphaned, and the needy of all THE Health Commissioner of New classes, and for the special training York City has been gathering of those engaged in such work. The information as to drug addicts, and care of the mind and body are subreports that in the month of Janu- ordinated to the care of the soul. ary last more cocaine was sold to And so the "Inner Mission" ,differs wholesalers in New York City than from Social Service. in all of 1918, and the February demand was so great that manufac- Lutheran home missions are conturers had to restrict their sales. ducted under a separate Board that The legal sales of morphine, cocaine and heroin in December, in thirtythree of the 2,600 drug stores in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has for the immediate and ultimate years ago, "consists of about one aim the establishment of self-sup- hundred citizens who are actively porting churches, The Inner Mis- interested in the promotion of sion endeavor is a helper to the home moral and religious education in the missionary enterprise in compassing city of Malden." this aim. The school is interdenominational, The Inner Mission institutions of and by means of the hearty cooperthe Lutheran Ghurch comprise 64 ation of local talent with some of orphan's homes, 48 homes for the the faculty of Boston University a aged, 7 homes for defectives, 9 comprehensive curriculum has been deaconness' mother-houses, 50 hos- submitted for the following year, conpitals, 14 hospices, 9 immigrant and sisting of sixteen courses in all, dealseamen's missions, 11 miscellaNeous ing with Biblical, pedagogical, and institutions, and 13 Inner Mission social-service topics. The expenses societies and city missions; making are provided by far-sighted citizens, a total of 225 institutions and mis- and a small tuition fee of two dolsions with property worth over $14,- lars a semester. The. effectiveness 000,000, and an. endowment of nearly of this plan depends on the courses $2,000,000. During the past year and the teachers. There is danger about 100,000 persons were cared for that the teaching may omit the vital in these institutions. Christian truth.

ASoul TImber in United States Forests Fighting MormoniSlD on its own Ground N interesting proposition has re- cently come before the Presby- A RECENT issue of the Rsvn;:w terian Board of Home Missions. mentioned the dedication of the It is the proposal that" there should first Mormon church building to be be sent at least fifty industrial chap- erected in Brooklyn, New York, lains for the lumbermen of the one of the 335 propaganda centers Northwest. These chaplains would of the Latter Day Saints scattered have the same function in the in- over the country. Neutralizing dustrial army that the regular army agencies are not lacking, and one of chaplains have. They could be the these is the Utah Gospel Mission, connecting link between employer and employee, having access equally carried on by Rev. J. D. Nutting, to both, deal with all problems affecting the welfare of the men and, who resembles Mormon preachers in of course, be directly charged with so far as he accepts no salary. their religious oversight. In Washington, Oregon and Idaho at least Mr. Nutting proceeds on the theory 150,000 lumbermen are at work, and that only a traveling mission can probably 600,000 in the United reach the people of the outlying re- States as a whole. The missionary gions, and the work is therefore carproblem in this field calls for states- ried on by field missionaries who manship and thorough-going meas- cover the country in wagons not unures. like the old-time "prairie schooners." Evangelistic meetings are held in Organized Religious Education every settlement, ~upplemented. by personal visits to each home, where AN interesting community scheme the aim is to stimulate the daily use seems to have passed the experi- of the Bible, a copy of which is supmental stage, and bids fair to be fol- plied by the missionary. Through lowed elsewhere. The Malden personal interviews of this sort and (Massachusetts) Council of Reli- by means of anti-Mormon literature, gious Education, organized three the mission combats the Mormon propaganda in its own territory. In a single year no less than 14,000 calls

are made, 194 meetings held and "The Society of Independent Douk- 4,000 Bibles distributed. hobors, having learned of the mag- nificent and most praiseworthy re- Congregationalist and Advance. lief work conducted in Russia by the Society of Friends through your Negro Citizens In America Committee, does hereby with due humility enclose the sum of $1,264.50 FIFTY years ago only five per cent as a token of its appreciation of the of the Negroes could read and efforts of, and its willingness to co- operate with, this Society." write. Today seventy per cent are literate. Fifty years ago there were LATIN AMEIUCA but four colleges that admitted Ne- groes. Today there are 500 higher Cooperation In Seminaries institutions of learning in which the Negro is welcomed. Twenty millions UNION Theological Seminaries of dollars are invested in these are in prospect for Cuba, Porto schools, and an annual expenditure Rico, Chile and Brazil. Such a sem- of $13,600,000 is made for their up- inary is already in operation in keep and maintenance. Of this Mexico. The lack of a sufficient amount the Negroes raise $1,500,000. number of students in anyone de- Fifty years ago there were no public nomination to support a seminary, as schools for Negro children. Today well as the inability of any denomina- there are 1,750,000 colored boys and tion to supply enough teachers for girls in the public schools. Fifty a faculty, make the union seminary years ago there were 550 Negro the most practical and obvious form churches with about 55,000 com- of interdenominational cooperation. municants and church property to The one being organized in Brazil is the value of approximately $1,000,- to be maintained by Presbyterians, 000. Today there are 40,000 both North and South; Congrega- churches, with more than 4,000,000 tionalists, and Methodists. communicants, and with property valued at about $70,000,000. These Central America is also to exper- churches are raising annually about ience the results of cooperation. $200,000 for home missions and Methodists, Baptists and Presbyter- more than $100,000 for foreign mis- ians have divided the responsibility sions. for the six republics, including Pan- ama. Home Mission schools have been the key to this upward progress. Porto lUc~-a Mission Laboratory Sunday School Times. THE United States Government and missionaries have been at Doukhobor Help for Russia work in Porto Rico twenty years, THE Doukhobors in Canada have and great things have been accom- plished. " furnished an example of Christian good will at work, which is Everywhere schools have sprung worthy of notice. They have offered up, and they now have nearly 200,- to give large tracts of their land to 000 pupils. Both Spanish and Eng- returned soldiers, who are unable to lish are used in these schools. Many find work in cities; and in many cases of the pupils have already become the women' have volunteered to work teachers or have entered important in the fields in order to make up the professional work. Porto Ricans loss in the family income through have attained self-government, and this turning over the land. The the first vote taken was on prohibi- Doukhobors, being a non-resistant tion. They proved their far-seeing sect, have been interested in the work wisdom by giving an overwhelming of the Friends Service Committee, majority in favor of the measure. and have sent the following letter to the Russian section of the Committee: Best of all, the United States has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

established freedom of religion. five different schools sent represent- Protestantism has already gained atives. Rev. George P. Howard, 15,000 members, representing a very Field Secretary for South America, large number of families, and exert- writes of Sunday-school equipment ing an influence disproportionately as follows: great. Medical missions, Christian "I found that there were no prop- education, and evangelism have gone erly organized kindergartJ!11 classes hand in hand. in any of the Sao Paulo Sunday- The American MissiotUlry. schools.. In none of their schools had they ever used a sand table, so I Pagan Argentina made up my mind that they would REV. J. L. HART, missionary to have a demonstration of how it was Argentina, was one day talking done. We got a table and sand, also a with some cultured women about the class of little children, and in one of Bible. "Oh," said one, "I once had the Presbyterian churches we had a that Book. It is of the devil for it kindergarten institute. There and then made my husband's horse run away, ten different Sunday-schools gave me throwing him out of the buggy and orders for the Beginners' Spanish nearly killing hiin. I at once burned Graded lessons which we have been producing in provisional form in Arit."- "Well," said Mr. Hart, "that is gentina. Naturally, in Brazil they very interesting. How did it hap- need this material in Portuguese, but rather than wait until they were pub~ pen?" In reply she said, "The day after lished in their own language they the accident I went to confession preferred to begin immediately, workand on telling the priest what had ing out the lessons from the Spanish happened he asked me if I had not text."

bought a book called the Bible from a man who had been going from War's Effect on Ch:Ilean Missions T house to house selling them a few HE Chile mission of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., has four days before. I told him that I had. He said the book caused the acci- principal stations-at Santiago, Val- 'paraiso, Taltal and Concepcion. The dent and advised me to burn it." A man bought a Bible while sick working force consists of twentyin the hospital. I went to see him three American missionaries, men and was trying to explain what the and women; and sixty helpers, com- Book was. A nun came along and prising ordained Chileans, teachers, on seeing the Bible flew into a rage Bible women, etc. In the sixteen and cried out, "Don't read that here- organized churches and thirty-five tical book. It speaks against the preaching places there is a -communiholy virgin." Said Mr. Hart, "You cant membership of 1,023. Sundayare quite mistaken." Opening the school pupils riumber 2,637, and the. Bible at the first chapter of Luke he pupils in day-schools of all gradeSc asked her to read. She did so, and are 1,083.

with some embarrassment, said, "Oh, This thriving mission feels keenly I thought it was the Protestant the changed financial conditions due- Bible." Then turning to him who had to the war. The .Chilean peso, for- bought the Book she said, "It is all merly worth sixteen cents, American right, you may read it." gold, is now worth thirty-six cents; Home and Foreign Fields. but the man who formerly received'

1,100 pesos as his monthly wage, now Sunday Schools in Brazil receives 450. At the same time prices THE Sunday School Association have not decreased, but have re- of Brazil held its annual conven- mained the same for local products,. tionat Sao Paulo, to which thirty- while the prices of all imported ar..,

tides has mcreased 25, 50, 100 and until, at last, the pureness of it, his even 200 per cent. bearing as a citizen and a father, and the heartiness with which he con- Many of the congregations for ducted family worship, ended by imlack of money cannot dress as de- pressing upon me that 1 ought to conceRtiy as formerly, and have ceased fess the Chtistian faith. This 1 ::tid to appear at the services. The poor- one night before all the family, in the est Chilean boy could not be per- midst of thanksgiving to God. suaded to come to the Sunday-school bare-foot, nor a girl who could Rot "Only the evangelical religion has muster what she considered a fitting power enougb. to inspire men with a headdress for her station. Some are love for work, a life of faith, acts of sufficiently sensible to come bare- honor, fufilment of duty, respect for headed, but they are few. laws and, alilove all, with the virtue of sacrificing self for an ideal, a The New Era. virtue so much needed in Peru."

A WIde Open Door South America.

THE administration of the Uni- EllROPE versity of Montevideo, Uruguay, the leading University of South All American Opportunity in Eur6pe America,is reported to have issued a decree making Bible study part of the I N the French Colonies there are regular curriculum. Senor Vigil, di- 50,000,000 inhabitants who are still rector of a review with a weekly wa,iting for the Gospel. And in circulation of 100,000, frequently France alone there are 20,000,000 to urges the public to buy Gospels or 25,000,000 people who are not affili- New Testaments. ated with a,ny church, but, after four years of war, are open-minded and Conversion or a Peruvian responsive to religilm.

THE following extracts are taken The door is wide open.but as the from the story of a Peruvian's Protestant missionary societies of conversion to eVaFlgelical Christianity: Great Britain and America are not in a position to occupy these fields, the "Having been cradled in the Ro- work can be done most effectively man tatholic faith, which is man's through French societies. religion and not Christ's, .1 was in the nature of things enshrouded in During the war the French misthe darkness of fanaticism, indiffer- sionary societies were sustained by ent to the most important, practically special gifts, Itut their financial conan atheist; for no one believes less in dition is now so seriously crippled God than the Roman Catholic. that the work cannot be carried on without outside support. To meet "One day, by chance, 1 heard a this need, there has been formed an Gospel sermon,. in Echaurren Square, international and interdenominational itt Valparaiso, preached in such a Committee for Christian Relief in manner and upon such real, living France and Belgium," with headquartopics, that 1 was deeply stirred. ters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New Later I went to the town of Ayaviri, York, which is supporting and cowhere 1 met a Christian of the most operating with every Protestant orkmdly simplicity of character, and ganization in France and Belgium. soon became persuaded that one does The director is Mr. George O. Tamnot always find the truth he is in blyn, the treasurer, Mr. Alfred R. search of in heated debates, but often Kimball. Mr. Charles S. Ward, of in the gentle form of a sincere con- the Red Cross, United War Work versation. So it was our talks usually and other national fund campaigns is turned to religion, but more than all advisor. else, Senor Sartagena's life at close sight was a constant sermon to me, The Committee has mapped out a program of work that prevents over-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lapping or duplicating the efforts of the laundries of Madrid. Women other bodies in the work of rehabili- bring their household washing to tation and reconstructi@n. Protestant these places on Sundays as on other churches in the devastated areas must days. While they work, the evan- be rebuilt, congregations reassembled gelists read and explain to them such and temporarily succored, pastors parables as that of the Prodigal Son.

must be supported for a time, homes, The women have been so interested orphanages and asylums must be con- and delighted with their religious in- structed, and both home and foreign struction that they have attempted missions must be supported and to give money to the evangelists.

strengthened. Chaplain Daniel Couve which of course has been refused.

has pointed out that the industrial "No one ever told us such good news fJopulations of Northern France have before," they say. .

been exceedingly responsive to evan- Record of Christian Wark.

gelical efforts among them, and that the present offers a rare opportunity. The MiiUer Orphanages at Brfstol After a careful survey the Com- I N spite of the war, the work mittee announces that $3,000,000 is founded by the late George Miilneeded to accomplish tkis great work, ler of Bristol, England, 82 years and a campaign to raise this sum has ago, has been even more generously been started among the Protestant supported than in past years. It is churches of the United States. As a "faith work" for whick no dipart of the money-raising campaign, rect appeals are made. Last year there were 2,000 orphans cared for Sunday, June 1, has been named Me- in the Ashley Down Homes, rangmorial Day for France and Belgium ing from four to sixteen years of in the Protestant churches of this age, and the total amount received country, and appeals have gone forth to pastors to take special collections for all the work was £17,000 or for the cr' ie. nearly £3,000 more than the previous year. The Homes are conducted on Another Door of Opportunity a non-sectarian but a strictly Chris- A DELEGATION of Georgians. tian basis. No children of legitimate which went to Paris to present birth, mentally sound, in destitute their claims for recognition and pro- circumstances and bereft of both tection at the hands of the Peace parents, are refused admission. Conference, heard of Dr. James L. In addition to the orphanages Barton's presence in the city' and there are conducted Bible, tract and sought an interview with him to ask missionary enterprises at home and that missionary work be undertaken. abroad. All of the work has been in their country. The Georgians in- richly blessed under the direction of habit the country east of the Black Wm. M. Bergin the director. The Sea and have their capital at Tiflis. faithfulness of God has been abun- They number about three million dantly manifested. and are nominally Christian, but in reality, wild, superstitious, half pagan. Protestants in Alsace-Lorrafne Their spokesmen in Paris were DR. RUBEN SAILLENS says deeply in earnest, saying they had that Alsace-Lorraine will bring watched American missionary effort over to France a Protestant populain Turkey and Armenia, and would tion of about 500,000 people-pracdo all in their power to facilitate such tically as many as there are now work among their own people. in France. This means, as Dr: Sail- The "Good News" for Spanish Women lens adds, that there will in all prob- TWO Spanish evangelists have ability soon be open doors for a been teaching and preaching in French evangelist in that country.

MOSLEM LANDS grounds have been occupied by the Turks as a military hospital and Tnrkish Governor Hung for Armenian orphanage; student income has been reduced to nothing; eight of the Massacres teachers, all Armenians, were killed and three more are dead, while four- 17EMAL BEY, governor of Diar-. teen others have been in military :… bker, has been publicly hanged service. The endowment of $130,- in Stamboul, as one of those re- 000 is still intact, and there is every sponsible for Armenian deportations reason to expect a large attendance and massacres in the Yozghad dis- of students, Armenians, Greeks and trict. The trial by the Turks of Russians, as soon as the buildings those responsible for Armenian mas- can be made ready to receive them. sacres was begun in February at Constantinople. Kemal Bey was former Turkish Minister of Food.

Relief In the Oancasus The Old Order Ohanglng REV. WALTER N. JAMES, a SAID an old Mohammedan Sheikh member of the American Com- not long ago to the head of a mittee for Relief in the Near East, mission school for girls in Alexan- has sent the following report from dria: "We do not wish to have our Erivan: dau~hters stay in school very lang." A young Egyptian lad, who over- "I am surprised to find so many heard, quickly rejoined: "No, that is Armenians here south of the Cau- past. Our country can never be casus Mountains. The race is very great until our women are educated." far from becoming extinct and we Contact with western nations and find them here in all conditions. missionary homes has given many a They range f rom the Turkish sub- young Mohammedan a new ideal of ject, bearing the marks of that civili- companionship which only an eduzation,· to the Russianized Armenian cated wife can satisfy. Many Perwho snaps his finger at the Sultan. sian mothers of today speak of their daughters with pride, and are keenly "The refugees are in sorry plight, interested in their progress. The but their condition is mitigated 100 Moslem ladies of India are so much per cent by the efforts of the com- in earnest in their desire for admittee. .There are 3,000 people em- vancement that 400 of their leaders ployed by the Americans, not to met in Lahore last year to discuslS speak of the 16,000 orphans reached, their problems. Even among nonbesides others helped by direct char- Christians, the elements of Chrisity. Wool and cotton are bought tianity are manifesting their influand every process from the sheep's ence. back and field to the finished garment is carried on· by the refugees; France and Her Moslem Subjects carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, tailoring, until clothi1}g is provided A STRIKING development of refor all and occupation for thousands cent times is seen in the in·· who would otherwise be beggars. creased intelligence and sympathy on Longfellow's 'Evangeline' is not one- the part of the French colonial adhundredth part sad ~nough to de- ministration in Africa. Governor scribe what one sees and feels each General Panty, who fell in the war, day. The great consolation is that created a tradition of keeping the so many are being helped." administrative authority in close touch with the people, giving each United Presbyterian. race its rightful opportunity of devel- opment. He was insistent upon AnatoUa OoUege after the War not allowing Moslem chiefs authority to Moslemize their pagan subjects. AN ATOLIA College, Mimovan, Turkey, is war-wrecked for the time being. All the buildings and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

During his' governorship he abol- James M. Taylor in British Baluch- ished cannibalism, ritual murder, le- istan, the brother of the Khan of gal suicide, and that deep-rooted Ke1at, the largest native state in Moslem institution, domestic slavery. Baluchistan, sat near the speaker.

These reforms were not merely car- Next to him was one of the wealthi- ried through with characteristic force est wholesale merchants. Other men and efficiency, but they were effected of position and culture were present.

with the most scrupulous considera- The message so took hold of them tion for Af'rican prejudices and that they secured the largest hall in ideals. The impartial distribution of Quetta for Dr. Taylor's next meet- war allowances in Algeria has also ing. One Khan was so impressed done much to consolidate native loy- that he invited the speaker to come alty. The knowledge that the Mo- to his khanate and bring a mission- hammedan wife and widow receives ary with him for permanent work, her allowances on exactly the same offering to give of his means to for- terms as the Frenchwoman has done ward the mission. All this is the much to increase self-respect and more remarkable in that these people intensify the consciousness of suf- are bigoted Mohammedans. Noth- fering for a common cause. ing' of this sort has ever happened before in Baluchistan.

INDIA Record of Christian Work.

Christian Ethics of Non-Christians MANY in India, even though they Salvationists In India are not ready to accept Christ as Master, are ready to acknowledge THE Salvation Army in India had, His ethics as the only hope of social in 1909, 100 European workers salvation. The Indian Social Reform and 2,000 native missionaries in some Advocate, though making no profes- 2,000 villages. In 1918, the number sion of Christianity, had this to say had risen to 280 Europeans and 3,236 Indians at work in 3,059 centers. in a recent article: The Army has imported silkworm "Christ won for humanity by His eggs from China which have given life and His death a deathless ideal- good results in various parts of India. ism combined with mysticism, which has issued in real and practical ac- Its agents have visited some of the tivities in the world of men, transforming it . . . the· very opposite principal silk centers in China, Japan, of the world principle of domination Korea, Manchuria and French Tonof men by men, of exploitation of the quin, and from their investigations weak by the s.trong. . . . It is the are convinced that India could easily disregard of the principles of love become one of the great silk-produc- ing countries of the world. They are working towards a rehabilitation and truth in Christ that has turned of two of India's greatest cottage the world to-day into a huge slaugh- industries,-silk growing and weavter-house. And. . . in the inter- ing. course between man and man, and class and class, and nation and nation Christian Journalism in Western India M it will be the application of the prin- ORE and more, India is be- coming a reading country. Newsciples of Christ which alone can save, help, and advance mankind, and papers have mUltiplied during the bring peace where there is strife, and war, and a broadening interest in life and joy where there are death world affairs has developed among ana s.orrow." all classes. Probably there is no more influential missionary instru- ANew Order in Baluchistan mentality in Western India than the AT the first of a series of evan- Christian newspaper, Dnyanodaya, gelistic meetings held by Dr. which means "Dawn of Knowledge."

It was founded 77 years ago by nearly 1,400 boys on its roll. Rev. American Board missionaries, and al- C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe is the enterthough many other such· journals prising and original head of the have been started and passed into School. His one aim is to train his oblivion, this one has continued and boys to become strong, courageous enlarged its service. The paper has and healthy in body and soul, and it two pages in English and six in was from his observations of. the Marathi, the latter edited by Mr. N. working of this .High School that. Tilak, an eminent patriot and man of General Baden Powell derived his literary attainment. The paper has idea of the Boy Scouts. Last year just entered upon a new career, and both staff and pupils distinguished from January, 1919, five missions, themselves in social service, even prerepresenting four denominations- venting a local food famine, which English, Scotch and American-will profiteering bakers attempted to enunite in its support and control. gineer.

Christianity in a Hindu Setting Most Indian boys are averse to athl~tics, and seldom learn to swim NOT long before his death Mr. except under compulsion. Accord- Howard A. Walter had a long ingly, extra fees are charged to nontalk with a leading Indian Christian, swimmers. Another odd difference one who, more than. most Indian in Indian boys is revealed in one of Christians, is in touch with Moslem the School regulations: "In order to and Hindu leaders, political and stop early marriages, we charge otherwise. This man said he was double fees to every boy who marries constantly surprised to learn how before the age of eighteen." many of these men are admitting that the future of India, religiously, can- The School Crest consists of two not lie with the ancient Vedas, nor paddles, one heart shaped to symbolwith any phase or school of Hindu- ize kindness, the other strength; and ism; but that the one Figure in the crossed to signify· the sacrifice of religious world Who can possibly Him who taught self-sacrifice. serve as a unifying, uplifting, progressive, inspiring· force, around Bible Society Record. Whom all creeds and races can ultimately gather, is Jesus Christ. CHINA One of the men to whom this The Way Open in Tibet Indian Christian probably referredthe editor of The Indian Social Re- THE last obstacle in the way of former-told Mr. Walter that he and missionary entrance t6 Tibet has others of his friends read the New been removed. Officials are inviting Testament every day. He asserted missionaries to come, and the others his belief that the best in all religions put no hindrance in the way. It is to be found in the Christian faith is without doubt the most difficult which, he said, he and his friends field in the world. There will be must interpret in the light of Hindu months and years of unending study rather than of Jewish metaphysic; of an intricate language. There will and he volunteered the suggestion be the cold indifference of centuries that possibly India may evolve a new of passive Buddhism. There will be type of Christianity, possessing an the imbedded suspicion of all for- Oriental character. eigners. There will be the blighting influence of hundreds and thousands Boy SooufB in the Panjab of Buddhist priests. There will be the very instincts of the people them- THE C. M. S. High School at selves for religion, but a religion Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, without a moral uplift and entirely is a remarkable institution, with without the idea of a divine Saviour. Tibet is a belated nation, without a railroad, without street cars or

NEWS FRO,M MANY LANDS 4~5

electricity, so far as is known even man. His name shall be fubliShed in the without an automobile. Mo good newspapers so that he wi! not be able to roads, no modern cities. Not a find employment elsewhere. church, nor a sCRool, nor a hospital except at Batang on the eastern bor- 3. If a wealthy man be discovered dealder. Everything that stands for ing in opium his name shall be given to progress is yet to be done in Tibet. the elder of his family with the request To those who go, there will be no that he be cast out from the family (one romance, but if they have faith and of the greatest of disgraces) and he shall, vision they can look forward to see- without mercy, be opposed by all as an ing within the next quarter of a cen- alien. tury a host of Christian churches, scattered throughout that land. 4. Landlords shall not rent their houses to opium dealers. If they do they will be Amurlcan "Cnrlos" dealt with as if they were opium dealers themselves. A TABLE set for dinner or a 5. If damage is done to opium dealers , baby's bed and bath scarcely seem and their properties the Chambers of Comlike keys .to the Gospel story, yet merce ,shall refuse to grant compensation. such things prove an effective means of reaching the hearts and minds of More about the Brewer. In ChIna Chinese women. All sorts of foreign articles are used in some mission THE International Reform Bureau station "exhibits," the Chinese wo- has received protests from pracman's native curiosity being made use tically all American mission stations of to bring her within sound of the in China, signed by missionaries and Gospel. native workeJ;s, asking that our De- partment of State proclaim a ruling As the women come in they are that no American shall make or sell welcomed with friendliness and cour- beer in China after national prohibitesy, little addresses are given as they tion goes into effect in the United rest, setting forth the gospel in the States. Through lectures and literasimplest way, the foreign curiosities ture, extensive efforts are also being are explained, invitations to Chris- made to arouse the provinces of tian worship are given out. So con- China, first to prohibit the erection tact is established, and a hope of fu- of breweries and distilleries; and ture opportunities of teaching. second to prohibit the making and selling of all intoxicants. Death to the Opium Syndicate A Valuable Donkey THE Chinese miRd has a direct- ness which merits emulation. In SOME years ago a ClIinese farmer order to insure discouragement of was confronted with the difficult any attempt to reopen the traffic in l'roblem of securing a donkey withopium, so ruggedly dealt with by out any funds. He had a number of the recent burning episode in Shang- children, but no money, and without hai, the following measures were de- the donkey's assistance in cultivating termined upon in the four provinces his bit of land, he could not feed his of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang and children. After much seriousthought Hupeb, where it was proposed to re- he concluded that a donkey would commence the sale of opium: serve his purpose more effectively than anyone of his children; and 1. If the opium dealer be a shopkeeper therefore sold a son as a means of all the banks and money shops shall re- 'supporting the others. Not long fuse to have anything to do with him in afterward the son was rescued from money matters so that he will have to a life of slavery and placed in a misclose his shop for lack of funds and sionary institution, and quite recently banking iJacilities. a visiting missionary was addressing the student body of a large Chinese Z. If an employee of a shop deals in school through an interpreter. The opium the shopkeeper shall dismiss the accuracy and alertness of this inter- preter won the admiration of the

speaker and he inquired into the better foundation in Bible training- young man's history. He was none is invariably the result.

other than the boy who had been ex- changed for a donkey, grown into A Study in Church-Going T manhood and beginning a career of OO many American husbands. have to be coaxed by their wives usefulness in his community.

into church attendance, but here is a A Long Wait case where a wife could not drag her "RULLO! I have been waiting husband out of church. The incident twenty years to hear this," said is related by a missionary at Nanking, an old grey-bearded Chinaman to a China. For six years a Christian colporteur in Honan. convert in Gu Yung labored with his "Twenty years ago I bought this three brothers, all gamblers and idol- book," said he, pulling a well-worn ators. 'Finally one brother accepted copy of Dr. Griffith John's "Gate of Christianity, but his wife was infuri- Virtue and Wisdom" from the folds ated, rightly inferring that his con- of his garment, "and I have been version would end her life of lux- waiting ever since to know more .ury. She wept, coaxed and cursed.

about it." The speaker was 84 years Her husband continued to attend old, hale and hearty. He and the church services. At last she pursued colporteur were soon in earnest con- hi~ to the church door, seized him versation, and as he listened, light by the belt, screaming wildly that he came to the old man. He was bap- should not enter. Slipping out of the tized and for over two years endured belt, the undaunted husband took his the persecution of his eldest son, a place in the church, the wife rushing man over 60, whom the old man still after him shrieking curses. Two spoke of as "his little child." Last Bible women quieted her and later year he passed peacefully away, re- took her to dinner, when they ex- joicing in Christ Jesus as his Saviour. plained some of the meaning of Home and Foreign Field. Christianity. The happy ending to the story is that the woman gave her Sunday Rest in Chlna husband no further trouble and now I T is noteworthy that the observ- attends church with him. ance of the Sabbath as a day of New Era Magazine.

rest is gaining ground among the Chinese. Christian employers are "Sleeve Editions" of ChInese Bible Helps showing more willingness to make "SLEEVE editions" of Bible helps such arrangement as will relieve their in Chinese are being prepared workers from Sunday labor, and by Dr. Henry C. Hallock of Shang- the physical blessings of such a day hai. His new books-a brief diction- of rest are beginning to be apparent ary of the Chinese Bible, an abridged to all. Naturally, many difficulties concOrdance and a topical text book present themselves in an endeavor to -will not take the place of larger make Sunday rest applicable in all works, but are to be convenient little cases. Christian boatmen, for in- volumes, about the size of a small stance. cannot insist that those who New Testament, with soft cloth cov- hire their boats give up their jour- ers and printed on thin paper, which ney for a reason quite beyond their can be carried' easily on a journey, understanding, and the only recourse and which will be published at so is a change of occupation for the cheap a price that they will he ob- boatmen. Insistence upon the Fourth tainable by even the poorest. As the Commandment makes entrance to the Chinese use their large sleeves in Church more difficult, and some mis- place of pockets, they are called sionaries deal leniently with it; but "sleeve editions."

where adherence is made a test, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.JAPAN-cIlOSEN all Christian activities-educational, medical, social and evangelistic. 'Creating an Atmosphere for Japanese Some Korean Tithers Visitors THE Haiju Tithing Society of Ko- A NUMBER of Japanese Com- rea is more spiritual than finan- cial, for the emphasis is laid upon , missions are visiting America the spiritual blessings accruing to the to study methods and conditions conscientious tither; A unique char- acteristic of this organization, is that along various lines. These alert visit- it collects no funds for distribution, but allows every man the priVilege of ·ors are .taking note of the forward using his tithe as under God's direc- tion he thinks best. Thus the giver's reconstruction movements in business, direct responsibility to God is im- planted in his thinking, and the soeducational and religious fields, and ciety steers clear of all controversy and eliminates all discussion of how upon their return will become propa- the society's funds are to be dis- tributed to best advantage. Every gandists of the best things they have prominent man, every paid worker seen. American Sunday-school lead- and every leader is in this organiza- tion. ers have not been neglecting this Korea Mission Field. o()pportunity, and have seen to it that ISLANDS OF THE SEA the visitors have come into contact Bibles and Soldiers with Christian business men in each THE Bible in Polynesia is a faccity visited. They have been shown tor in the security and freedom of the world. In a New Zealand the best things in civic life, and paper appeared an account of a parade of Rarotongan troops: Christian homes have been opened "Steadily they marched, in perfect to them. ' step, heads up, knee to knee, and with arms swung in regulation style. Two members of the House of "A sturdy lot, well fed, well Peers have been among these visitors, trained, and well looked after, proud of their uniform, proud of their o()ne of them being Baron Megota and officers, and trebly proud of the servthe other Mr. K. Uchida. Both are ice to which they belong, they seem keenly interested in promoting the to epitomise the influence of ¢e grand old army. World Sunday School Convention "As they jauntily tramp past we in Japan in 1920. notice that each dusky hand clasps, not the accustomed rifle, but a book. Japan and Democracy It is their Bible, for this is church parade." D R. Sherwood Eddy is half way on a journey around the world, It is not the chief end of mission~ holding meetings for students in ary societies to make good soldiers, Japan, China, India and other lands. but when the Bible-trained Rarotong- This affords an excellent opportunity ans were called to help make nations for observing conditions which are free, it was found they were better the outcome of the war in those soldiers than some others, because lands. Japan, says Dr. Eddy, has they were better men. had a development parallel to that of Prussia. Both were expanding nations, both were organized under militarism and upon materialism. But the failure, of German militarism has pointed out the certain failure of Japanese autocratic rule, if persistently maintained; and the increasing liberty of press and speech in Japan proclaims an advance toward democracy. "If America, to which the eyes of the Japanese are turned, can live up to the ideals of brotherhood which she professes. the issue will be decided for democracy and Christianity," writes Dr. Eddy. The great need is for a strengthening of

OBITUARY NOTES education and social betterment. But he was above all a messenger of the Bishop Bashford of Cbina Gospel of Christ.

BISHOP JAMESW.BASHFORD The people of Rabat and the tribes died at a sanitarium near Los for many miles around feel that they Angeles on March 18. Bishop Bash- have lost a beloved friend and minisford was ordained to the Methodist ter by the death of Dr. Kerr. The Episcopal ministry in 1878 and served Khalifa of Rabat wrote of his deep as pastor in various churches until grief over the loss of "our pre- 1889, when he was chosen President cious doctor." Dr. Kerr's son, who is of the Ohio Wesleyan University. also a p.hysician, expects when his Since 1906 Bishop Bashford has war work is completed, to take up been actively engaged in missionary his father's mission. work in China. William Albert Briggs of Slam Rev. W. P. Sprague or ChIna ON February 24, William Albert REV. WILLIAM P. SPRAGUE Briggs, M. D., an honored and of Kalgan, China, died on Feb- efficient missionary of the Presbyruary 9, 1919, at Shortsville, New terian Church and founder of the York. Dr. Sprague went to China Overbrook Hospital at Chiengrai, in 1874, as a missionary of the Amer- Siam, died in the General Hospital ican Board to the Mongols. From of Vancouver, B. C. Dr. Briggs was that work he was transferred to a native of Canada, having been born China, and served a period of in Toronto, March 1, 1867, a son of thirty-five years in helping to extend Dr. William Briggs, the publisher. the Kingdom of God on both sides He retained his British citizenship, of the Great Wall. although his medical training was re- ceived in New York. He was ap- Dr. Robert Kerr or )l01'OlCC0 pointed a foreign missionary under the Presbyterian Board in 1890 and FOR thirty years Robert Kerr assigned to Laos, northern Siam; lived in Morocco as a missionary and in 1897 was commissioned to physician, healing the siq.: and preach- break new ground at Chiengrai, ing the Kingdom of God. When he went to Robat, there was not one characterized by Dr. Arthur J. Christian missionary in central or southern Morocco. Me lived a busy Brown as "one of the most isolated life and healed over 2,000 sufferers stations in the world." The small in the course of his ministry. He and poorly equipped plant with also preached the Gospel faithfully which Dr. Briggs began broadened and wrote much on Morocco and the into the Overbrook Hospital, where Moors. The wild tribesmen of Beni thousands were healed both with Hassan, Zenior, Ziarr and El Arab medicine and the Gospel. During the counted him their friend and often war Dr. Briggs rendered such incrowded into the patio of Dar Zabeeb, valuable aid to his government that listening to his stories and asking the British Consul General in Bangfor his medicine. Moors and Jews kok wrote him a letter of warm apboth consulted him. preciation; and as he lay on his death bed three English Army Offi- Moreover, Dr.Kerr acted as a judge cers invested him with the gold in many disputes and as a peacemaker badge of "Officer of the Most Excelin settling quarrels and incipient wars. lent Order of the British Empire." He insisted on justice and his de- Dr. Briggs lost one of two sons in cisions were accepted as right. Dr. the fighting in France. Mr. S. Ed- Kerr also took an interest in farm- gar Briggs, a brother, is manager of ing, in animal ann bird liff' and in Fleming H. Revell Company.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

~ Hudson Taylor and the China Inland liefs and characteristics. This in- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. How- formation would have given a clear- ard Taylor. Illustrated. 8vo. er picture of the setting in which the 640 pp. 9 shillings. Morgan & missionary work was done, and Scott, London. China Inland would have shown more vividly the Mission, London, Philadelphia obstacles to be overcome. The his- and Toronto 1918. tory is peculiarly a narrative of The first part of Hudson Taylor's God's dealings with Hudson Taylor, with incidents from letters and life, from 1832 to 1860, was pub- diaries to illustrate his trials, his lished a few years ago, and the con- faith, his courage, his spiritual wiscluding and most important part is dom and power, and the many dinow issued thirteen years after his rect answers to prayer. It is un- fortunate that the lack of an index death. It is distinctly -a sermonic and of descriptive chapter headings biography, not a chronicle of events, makes it difficult to find references or a character study. Hudson Tay- to specific incidents and people. lor was an unusual man, with positive character, firm convictions, a The life of Hudson Taylor was an living faith in God and indomitable unusual life, a divine life fulfilling courage and perseverance. a divine mission. No one can read the story of God's dealing with him This history, with its record of and of his faithfulness, without the growth of the China Inland Mis- realizing that here 'is a picture of sion and its manifold lessons, is full what God can do with a truly surof wonderful experiences of an- rendered life. swered prayer, vivid pictures of hardship and suffering and inspiring The Christian Approach to. Islam. evidence of the power of the Spirit By Rev. James L. Barton, D. D. of God. It is a truly extraordinary 8vo. 316 pp. $2.00 net. Pilgrim record, and one from which every Press Boston, 1918. missionary society and every Chris- The problem of the conversion of tian may learn many lessons. No one who reads and believes this Moslems has all but baffled the record of Hudson Taylor'S life can Christian Church. These people have doubt the truth of Christianitv, and so much truth, are so numerous, are the present working of Almighty such aggressive exponents of their God. faith and are so bitterly opposed to apostasy that they have success- From the viewpoint of the reader, fully withstood the advance of the length of the biography is a Christianity in almost every land. drawback. The biographers evi- Dr. Barton is a Christian authority dently labored under the difficulty on the subject of missions to Mosof choosing- from a great wealth of lems. First. he was a missionary material. There is also, in spite of in Turkey and has since been a its excellent literary style, a gen- student of the subject and a most eral sameness in the material efficient Secretary of the American selected and in the method of pres- Board. entation. Comparatively little – is told of the Chinese people among The studies here clearly and ably whom Mr. Taylor's life was spent. presented describe first, the history The work of the Mission and the and extent of Islam as a religion answerea prayers crowd out infor- and a potential power; and second, mation as to Chinese customs, be- 479

Mohammedanism as a religion-Al- facts are given to show Germany's lah, the Koran, its theory and prac- influence in Turkey and her respon- tice and the Moslem sects. The dis- sibility for the massacres. It is not tinctive part of the volume is that an up to date book in its facts and which deals with the "Relation of is of very secondary value except Islam to Christianity" and to mis-· as an expression of an Armenian's sionary work. Here is where "doc- desire for freedom from oppression.

tors sometimes disagree." One Reconstruction in Turkey. Reports school of missionaries believes in compiled for the American Compolemics against Islam, revealing mittee of Armenian and Syrian its errors and evils; the other ad-' Relief. New York. For private vocates seeking points of contact. distribution. Dr. Barton is of the latter schooL These valuable reports by au- The volume is of real value to all thorities on their subjects give an interested in solving the Moham- outline of the history, ethnology medan problem from a Christian and religious conditions in the point of view. The story of mis- Turkish Empire, the social and sions to Moslems is excellent, and economic needs, industries,' the edu- cation, status of women and finances. shows that the problem is much less difficult than formerly. Dr. Barton believes that a new day has dawned Foreign Financial Control in China.

for missions to Moslems, and that By T. W. OverIach. 295 pages.

we must adopt new methods to lead $2.00 net. The Macmillan Com- Moslems to Christ. The volume is pany. New York, 1919.

worthy of very thoughtful study. Books on the Far and Near East are numerous, but the interest of America Save the Near East. By thoughtful men and women in the AbrahamM. Rihbany. 16mo.176 subject has become so great that the pp. $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. demand continues unabated. It is 1918. now recognized that in this era of The Syrian pastor of an American close international relationships, the Unitarian Church makes a plea for readjustments in Asia involve prob- the reconstruction of Syria, its de- lems of the first magnitude which liverance from Turkish misrule involve all other nations and particu- through an American protectorate larly America. This and the .four which will rejuvenate that land and succeeding books present various guide the people to enlightened phases of the problem, and each deals self-government. It is a sane appeal, with some important aspect of the but there· are two great difficulties general theme.

in the way of this program-one is Mr. Overlach in his volume on the selfishness and jealousy of Eu- "Foreign Financial Control in ropean nations and the other is the China," writes out of fullness of hesitation of America: to undertake knowledge and clearly indicates the the task. official and other documentary evi- dence upon which he bases his ar- The Tragedy of Armenia. By Ber- gument. He makes a valuable con- tha S. Papazian. 12mo. 164 pp. tribution to the literature on the $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. finances of China and the financial Boston. 1918. relations of other countries to it.

A member of the martyred nation He presents an unbiased analysis of here makes a powerful appeal for the financial and political activities her people. It is a tragic and pa- of the six leading powers in China thetic story, the half of which has during the last twenty years, and not been told. The history of the emphasizes the need of international Armenians is briefly traced, some financial co-operation. China and the World War. By W. foreigners of all denominations and Reginald Wheeler. 263 pages. nationalities in Canton, but by the $1.75. The Macmillan Company, Chinese, who almost overwhelmed New York, 1919. her with their tributes of praise and "In China and the World War," honor. The book is largely an ac- W. Reginald Wheeler, who has count of the rise and development of spent three years in China, vividly the educational institution with describes the attack upon China which her life work has been identi- from without during the first year fied, and it gives much: information of the war; the attack from within about this honored missionary during the second year; the progress leader, and about Christian effort in republican government and the to mould and train Chinese girls for new foreign policy; the severance a high type of womanhood.

of diplomatic relations with and the declaration of war against Germany The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By and Austria; the Lansing-Ishi Basel Mathews. 216 pp. $1.25.

agreement between America and George H. Doran Company, New Japan concerning China; the Chi- York, 1919.

nese-Japanese military agreement The value of Basel Mathews'

of 1918; and China's future as af- "The Riddle of Nearer Asia" is tes- fected by the aims of the allied tified to by no less an authority Powers. This is rather a wide field than Viscount Bryce, former British to cover in a small book of only 182 Ambassador at Washington and pages, so that only a bare outline is himself an international authority given; but an additional 74 pp. are of the first rank. He says that the devoted to appendices which give book is admirably calculated to pro- official documents and a bibliography vide the student, who. wishes to un- of a "five foot shelf" of books on derstand the conditions of mission- China. For a fuller discussion of ary work in Southern Asia, with the great subject of Chinese re- essential facts and illuminating lationship to the world war, one views stated in the clearest and would need to go to larger volumes, briefest way, and that seldom does but as a convenient and comprehen- one find so much good matter sive hand-book, this little volume is brought together in so small a com- to be highly commended. pass. This is high praise and the book deserves it. Mr. Mathews A Light in the Land of Sinim. By treats of the social and economic Harriet Newell Noyes. 250 pp. conditions of the Near East, the $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Com- menace of the Turk, and the prob- pany, New York, 1919. lems of reconstruction, and he does "A Light in the Land of Sinim" this in a way which makes his book comes laden with special interest to delightfully readable.

the many friends and admirers of the author, Miss Harriet Newell World Facts and America's Respon- Noyes, who has been for fifty-two sibility. By Cornelius H. Patton.

years a Presbyterian missionary in 236 pages. $1.00. Association Canton, and for forty-five years of Press, New York, 1919.

that period the Principal of True The Rev. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Light Seminary, the largest and Secretary of the American Board most influential boarding school for of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- girls in South China. Her semi- sions, brings our study to the prac- centennial of missionary service was tical issue of "America's Responsi- celebrated two years ago with ex- . bility" for ten world facts: the re- traordinary demonstrations of re- naissance of Asia; the decadence of spect and affection not only by the the non-Christian religions; the rapid extension of Christianity; the kaleidoscopic. These stories are fight of the East and the West for naturally impressionistic rather a common cause; the expectation of than scholarly. They are a witness's the East that America will give example and help; the emergence of testimony rather than a judge's ver- America from her isolation; Amer- dict. They will, however, dispel ica and Great Britain in a' fellowship some prejudices and correct some of service; democracy the organ- false impressions. Miss Bryant, an izing principle of the world; the rise American socialist who was in Rusof the new idealism; and the Church sia for six months last year, sees girding herself for her great task. Dr. Patton is one of the able mis- the turmoil and recognizes many ionary leaders of the modern Church, of the dangers, but she does and is familiar with the bearing of not prescribe the remedy. Her the present world situation upon largest contribution is the descripthe churches of America. In this tion of Russian leaders, Madame little book, he has packed argu- Breskowsky, Kerensky, Lenine, ments and appeals which make it Trotzky, and others. She is strongly one of great power. anti-German, but writes with much sympathy for the Soviets and trav- eled from Petrograd to Stockholm The Democratic Movement in Asia. as a Bolshevist courier. Her view By Tyler Dennett. 16mo. 252 of the Russian Church and its priests pp. $1.50. The Ass 0 cia t ion is far from attractive, picturing Press, 1918. drunken, dirty and immoral men These papers which appeared in acting as intermediaries of God. The Russian Church is dead. Will the organ of the American Asiatic there be a resurrection or will a Association, Asia, are filled with new evangelical Church take its most interesting facts in regard to the progress of Asiatic peoples. Mr. place?

Dennett shows clearly what. mis- sionaries have done and are doing In the East Africa War Zone. By for Asiatics and the appreciation in J. H. Briggs. Pamphlet 88 pp.

which missionary work is held by Church Missionary Society, 1918.

the most intelligent Asiatic leaders. A British missionary in German The papers thus form a splendid East Africa describes briefly the apologetic for missions and the country and people and relates the book is especially suitable to place story of the mission and recounts in the hands of business men who the experiences-interesting if may be uninterested in missions rather unpleasant-through which because uninformed as to the fruit~ he and his fellow-workers passed of missions. Mr. Dennett takes up under German hands during the American work in Asia, Education, war. German officials immediately Medical Missions, Women's Eman- put an end to British missionary cipation, Sacial Progress, Church work and "told the native Chris- Unity and Foreign Missions. . tians, especially the teachers, to sev- er their connection with the English Six Red Months in Russia. By Mission by either going over to Louise Bryant. Illustrated. 8vo. Mohammedanism or returning to $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co. heathenism, and to destroy at once New York. 1918. their Bibles, Hymn books, Prayer A newspaper writer's story of Books and other books printed in Russia during these days of revolu- English." They did not however tion is sure. to be stirring and follow this advice. WORLD PROHIBITION FEDERATION (Successor to International Prohibition Confederation.) Founded at London in 1909 for the object of suppressing the harmful traffic in all Intoxicants throughout the world–whether Alcohol, Opium, Hashish, etc.

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AJso, send, gratis, literature, etc., to the following persons: Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~IJCW OS' t'ult WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals MR. ROBnT P. WI!;DER, who has been for the past few years Director of Religious Worle in the International Committee of the Y. M.C. A., has resigned that position to become General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. He takes the place of MR. F. P. TURNER, who has become Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference. Mr. Wilder was one of the original founders of the Student Volunteer Movement in North America.

DR. JOHN McDowE!;L of Baltimore *and* D*R. WM. R. KING of St. Louis have been elected as associate secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Dr. Mc- Dowell will be located with Dr. Marquis in New York, and Dr. King with Dr. Fullerton in the St. Louis office.

REv. CHARLES S. DEMING, Profess*or *in t*he Union Theological Seminary and in the Pierson Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, is in America on furlough.

* .. .. MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE, who is in charge of relief work in' Palestine for the American Red Cross, has received the rare honor of the Gold Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, in token of the gratitude of the people of Jerusalem. This distinction was also conferred upon General Allenb..y. . … ..

DR. HowAIm Buss, President of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, has recently arrived in New York by way of Paris and the Peace Conference. The College of which he is the head remained open throughout the entire period of the war, never . . having less than 650 students, most of them Syrians and Egyptians. ..

PRES. CAMPBlll;L WHITE, having accepted the call to become General Life Service Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement of North America, has resigned as president of Wooster University. * .. ..

. . . Rllv. G. CAMPBllL!; MORGAN, D. D., of London has accepted a professorship in the Bible Teachers' Training School of New York. He expects to spend August in Washington and Northfield, and September in Seattle. Rllv. F. M. NORTH, D. D., corresponding secretary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, after visiting France and Italy, spent a week in North Africa .. .. '" and a short time in Spain. He has now returned to America. MR. CHAO, President of Pei Yang University, Tientsin, one of China's foremost educators, was recently converted to Christianity. Mr. Chao, as the head of a large government school, will exert a wide influence for Christianity throughout all North China. .. * ..

MR. E. C. FAITHFUL, Secretary of fhe South Africa General Mission, is in America .. . . in the interests of the Mission, particularly the plans for enlarged work in Portuguese West Africa.

PANDITA RAMADAI, the famous Indian Christian worker for child widows, has been honored by the Emperor of India with the presentation of the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. .. * ..

MR. CHURCHI!;!; H. CUTTING has been elected President of the American Bible Society. Mr. Cutting is a prominent Baptist layman who has· been connected with the .. … … Society for some time.

RJiv. SAMUllL H. WIl;KINSON, Director of the Mildway Mission to the Jews, has gone to Palestine under the auspices of the Soldiers' Christian Association.

.. * * DR. SAMUllL TRAIN DUTTON', an officer of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, who has been active in many organizations for human welfare, died on March 28. Dr. Dutton was a trustee of the American College For Girls in Constantinople, and Treasurer since 1908.

* .. * MISS MARY HARDING of Sholapur, India, died on January 4, 1919. She was the daughter and granddaughter of notable missionaries. A sister and brother gave up their lives in service for India, and another sister, Mrs. Charles Burr, is a missionary of Ahmednagar. –

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

The Mastery of the Far East. By The Latest Arthur Judson Brown. 8vo. 671 Missionary Publications pp. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Themes for Mission Study, Iglg-ZO Handbook of French and Belgian Christianity and Human Conservation- Protestantism. By Louise Sey- Christian Americanization mour Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 75 c. Missionary Education Move- The Missionary Education Movement ment, New York, 1919. Presents these New and Striking Book.: "'''''e Voice of the Nation and Other Verses. By Frank M. Gregg. New Life Currents in China 12mo. 96 pp. 75e. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, By MARY NINDE CAMEWELL 1918. Owing to the present interest in China, The New Opportunity of the this book comes at an opportune time. in- Church. By Robert E. Speer. forming chapters on public health, general 16mo. 111 pp. 6Oe. The Mac- and medical education, and Christian Mis- Millan Company, New York, sions. Illustrated. 1919. CIGth, 75 centsj paper, SO cents, pestpaid. God Over All. By A. T. Schofield, M. D. 12mo. 1/6. 109 pp. Pick- (Ready) ering & Inglis, London. Foreign Magie Not Dead but Living. By Harring- ton C. Lees. 16mo. 46 pp. 6s. By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. This volume reveals, in a striking way, the Can A Young Man Trust His Bible. "magic" exercised by Christian doctors and By Arthur Cook. 12mo. 64pp. nurses on the ru-edy population of China. A Is. Pickering & Inglis, London. serious subject, touched with a gentle humor. Artistic binding and illustrations. Prophecy and Authority. By Kem- per Fullerton. 12mo. 213 pp. Cloth, $1.50, postpaid.

$1.50. The MacMillan Company, (R.ady) New York, 1919. Christian Americanization Mexico Under Carranza. By Thom- By DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS as E. Gibbon. 12mo. 270 pp. $l.SO. Doubleday, Page & Co., An outline of the "after-the-war" task that New York, 1919. awaits the Christian forces of our country; the outcome of extensive European investiga- Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances tion by a man rarely qualified for his task. Balfour. 12mo. 264 pp. $1.50. Illustrated. George H. Doran Company, New York, 1919. Cloth, 75 centsj paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall (Ready) Young. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.25. Ministers of Mercy Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1919. By DR. JAM.ES H. FRANKLIN The Lincoln Cabin. By Saxe Churc- The stories of ten famous medical mission- hill Stimson. 12mo. 49 pp. aries whose fields were, mainly, in the Far Published by the Author. East. This book is valuable as literature and also as a basis for serious study. Illustrated. League of Nations. By Alfred Owen Crozier. 12mo. 196 pp. Cloth, 75 eentsj paper,50 cebhj postpaid. SOc. L~couver Press Co., New York, 1919. (R••dy Jun. 5) Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- The Honorable Crimson Tree son. 12mo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement, New York, By ANITA B. FERRIS 1918. China is well nigh treeless. Try and picture what it must be, else you will not appreciate the courage of a little Chinese lad, who, to save a tiny tree, faced a savage bandit. Seven other fine stories for children. Illustrated.

Cloth, 60 eentsj paper, 40 centsj postpaid.

(Ready) The foregoing books may be ordered from any denominational headquarters, or from tbe MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1110 Fifth A_nu., N.w York City Do not miss the coming articles in Christianity and Industrial Problems in Japan By J. Merle Davis What the Salvation Army will do with $13,000,000 By Col. William H. Cox Daniel Uhlane-A Trophy from Central Africa By Rev. Donald Fraser The Largest Leper Colony in the World By William M. Danner. Also The Medical Mission Number with articles on Medical Missions in Africa, China, India, Japan and Moslem Lands, and in relation to Evangelism- Home Life- Child Life- Leprosy Plague and Famine–Rockefeller Foundation and The World Sunday School Number with articles on The Sunday School in Many Lands; The Re- lation of Sunday Schools to Evangelization-Home Life–The Development of the lNative Church-Christian Literature- Training of Leaders. The Tokyo Convention.

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Have You WHEN you plan your vacation be sure it includes a Consulted Summer Conference. It will be a real joy and inspiratio the List of and will not only help you, but will benefit those with whom you will work nertyear. SUMMER CONFERENCES Let us tell you how you can earn part or all of your. ex- penses to attend a Summer School of Missions~ In This Issue 7 Write today to: page iv . MISS WILMA DI1NTZE Missionary Review Publishing Co.

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The Old Corner Boo" Store, Ine., 27 BloomfielCl St.. Booton. OPPORTUNITY To the PROTESTANT CHURCHES of America Has Come a GREAT MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY With the Signing of the Armistice There are 50,000,000 people to be reached through the French Protestants in their Foreign Missionary Work.

French Missionary Societies alone are qualified, under present conditions, to occupy some of the world's most needy fields, the French Colonies. In Asia, there is the whole of French Indo-China, with 20,000,000 inhabitan.ts. In Africa, are French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Dahomey, the greater part of the French Congo, itself nearly three times as large as France, and above all, the Sudan,' where the final conflict between the Crescent and the Cross is to be decided. The African Colonies contain 30;000,000 inhabitants.

There are 20,000,000 Frenchmen in France who are not vitally connected with any religious organization.

"Since the war,"- says Chaplain Daniel Couve, "these 20,000,000 have been moved,to a greater respect for and interest in religion. The great need of France is to make French Christianity more democratic, and French Democracy more Christian. Protestantism, through its history and tradition, is peculiarly fitted for the task, and its great opportunity lies in the openness of the people to religious appeal."

Protestants ought to seize this opportunity or others will The financial purden on Protestants of Stricken France is so heavy that Protestantism in the devastated areas is in danger of being wiped out.

Do you want this field to be lost to Protestantism? You know the consequences if it is.

Do you want to lose the great opportunity in Foreign Missionary Work?

$3,000,000 Needed at Once An Int~ational and· Interdenominational Committee, sUpported by every Protestant Denomination in the United States, supporting every Protestant organization in France and Belgium, has been formed with headquarters at 289 Fourth Ave., New York.

GEORGE O. TAMBLYN, Director CHARLES S. WARD, Advisor ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer You will help deCide whether France shall be Protestant or not by a contribution. . I· Make a Memorial Day Gift. LATEST BOOKS ON MISSIONS ,$ , w. CHRISTINA FORSVTHOF FINCOLAND By p~ Livingsto'lte _0. AUthor of "Mary …..or .'·C……..r,.. Awa,y. off in Fingoland, down in the f~r, S()uth-Eastern Africa, Christina Forsyth, or "Smoyana,"

as shE! was adoringly called by the'Kaffirs, gave thirty years of her life t() work among one of the Wildest and most treacherous tribes in the dark continent. Like Mary Sle880r of Calabar, ~'Smoyana" lived a life of. superhuman self-sacrifice-a life of romance and tragedy. Mr. Liv- Ingstone's story of the "Ma of the Kraals," as the Fingos called Christina Forsyth, will be counted among the most fascinating annals ()f missi()nary biography. Such a wonderful example of supreme devotion to the cause of missions will be sure to awaken an answering response in thousands of hearts. . ., . 12mo. Net,$1.50 FOREleN MACIC By Jean Carter Cochran ~ere is a book whict throws an intensely vivid light upon the inter-rela:tions of resident'Amer- 1ca':ls and the people of China. The author's delicate vignettes of Chinese life reveal to us cur~ously drll;matic pictures. of the magic wrought by American physicians upon the minds and ~041es of their Chinese patients. It is across"seetion of Oriental life of today, told with delica~e Insight and sympathy, revealing to us the strength, weakness and possibilities of this awakening giant among the nations. 12mo. Net, $1.50 DR. ELSIE INCLIS , By La.dy Fra.nces Ballour In the annals of glorious, unselfish wartime service, the name of Elsie Inglis, nurse, doctor and hospital executive, will be blazoned among the heroines of the world. 12mo.. Net, $1.50 THE RIDbLE OF NEARER ASIA By Basil Mathews, with a Foreword by Viscount Bryce This book admirably supplies the student of missionary conditions in Western Asia with the 12m~. Net, $1.25 essential facts regarding the problems of the Near East..

MARY SLESSOR OF CALABAR By W. P. Livingstone The enthusiasm universally awakened by this great missionary biography marks it as a classic. "Not since David Livingstone has such a biography appeared."-Word and Way. "Mary Slessor's life stands alone in the annals of heroic women."-Dr. J. T. Faris. avo. Net. $1.50 THEWHITEQUEENOF OKOYONQ By W. P. Livingstone The stol."Y of Mary Slessor retold lor young people. A thrilling, fascinating narrative of a wonderful woman and her wonderful work in Africa. 12mo. Net. $1.00 TH1NKINC BLACK By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S.

This most·amazingly original and picturesque recital of missionary life and adventure in Central Africa has taken its place in the annals of missionary work and sacrifice. 8vo. Net, $2.50 OUTLINES OF MISSIOJItA1tYHIS'tORY By Allred DeWitt Mason, D. D.

The very best single volume hand-book of missionaTy activity trom earliest times to the present day. . /. . 12mo. Net, $1.50 LETTERS FROM MY HOME IN, INDIA· By Mrs. George Churchill Cheerful, intimate letters filled with the glorious faith and courage of the ideal· missionary. extending over a period of nearly fifty ~~ars. 11iimo. 'Net, $1.25 ·OUT OF THE SHADOW By Rose Cohen The vivid autobiography of a Russian girl emigraqt. "ThIs book offers the truest, most wise, 'reticent and absolute condemnation of child labor I ever read. . It should be read by every lover of democracy in the country."-Lifll and Labor..· . 8vo. Net, $2.00 GEORGE H~ 'DORAN COMPANY, Publishers,· New York p ub 1 i • he. • I n A me. i c a I o. It 0 b D E R &: S T 6 U G-H TON tt·

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1919

'INVESTMENT

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ • APRIL, 1919 GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR BURTON ST. JOHN THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA J. c. R. EWING AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA DWIGHT M. DONALDSON· A CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS LEMUEL CALL BARNES SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS BELLE M. BRAIN HOW THE TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE _YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY An Annuity Catechism What is a Life Annuity Bond of the Board of Foreign Missions?

It is a legal document issued by the Board · binding itself and its successor to pay a regular rate of interest to the beneficiary during life.

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Because the Board's moral responsibility is co-equal with that of the Methodist Episcopal Church and its financial resources are as well conserved as consecrated business judgment can make them.

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class securities where it remains until the death of the peneficiary. It is then transferred to the general treasury and is available for appropriation by the Board or is expended as designated by the donor.

Address all correspondence regarding Life Annuity Bonds to George M. Fowles. Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist £piscopal Church. 150 Fihh Ave.• New York City

AND BUSINESS For my sermons, I

the large, bold type. CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" tte <I-<!-'lri-f,yt THE ANNUAL MEETING t'floe· 8 … ea.6.~ 1<>……~ The Missionary Review Publishing Company held its annual meeting at ,~ … ~~e Q<> …… es~<>~6.e~ce. 3 p. m. on February 20, 1919, at 156 6y Sunday SchooL notices. Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Robert E. Speer, the President of the "Many Typewriters In One" Company, presided and made an address. The Treasurer, Mr. Walter Would you like to know why the McDougall, presented his report Multiplex Ha.mmond is so popular with showing the comparative income and ALL classes of p~DplBI We can tell expenditures for the years 1917 and you in fou.r words: 1918. The increase in subscription receipts amounted to $1000, and the Because of its versatility! decrease in the cost of manufacture has by economy amounted to about The Multiplex Ha.mmond d06! every- thing any other typewriter will do. $1000. a.nd beside8, if you '".Just turn the The Secretary presented his report knob tI you can cha.nge from one style of type, or from one language. to anof which the following are extracts: ,other. Note the above specimen The income from advertising has. (slightly reduced) all written on the has been 10% more than last year. SAME machine. The circulation of the REVIEW has No Other Typewriter Can Do This steadily increased through the efficient work of our circulation depart- No ma.tter who ment, and with the cooperation of you lire, what you such friends as Mrs. E. C. Cronk are. or where you and Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. The are, the Multiplex number of new subscriptions re- Ha.mmond I. the ceived during the year was 2965. wrltln g machine The net increase was 12% for the for YOU. Man the coupon for year or over 60% since the magazine free folder.

was taken over from the former pub- Also a PORTABLE Model lisher. The REVIEW is on sale at 15 places in America and three in for- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. eign lands, and we have the coopera- Ask for special folder. Mailed free. tion of 220 agents-almost double the number last year. Last' summer lnoui!'e ab~ut special terms to the REVIEW was represented at 105 ~ professional.. missionary conferences, scattered all over the United States and Canada. ____________ Free Folder _____________ The following mission boards have THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER co. undertaken to send the REVIEW to 577 East 69th St., New York City. each of their stations: the Women's Baptist Foreign Mission Society; the Please send free Folder to; United Presbyterian Board of For- Name _________________ eign Missions; the Executive Committee of the Presbyterian Church Addres•. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ( South) ; the Foreign Christian Missionary Society: the Reformed Occupation _______- – – – – , – Church in America and the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Other Societies that have through friends arranged to send the REVIEW to some of their mission stations are the Lutheran General Council, the American Board, the American Friends and the Moravians. In this way the Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY Rt;vu;w OF 'tB~ WQ~~:P ill wripns 19 advertiser~ THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EditIJr.

CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-A FACSmII.E LE'tTJlR :FROM GENJlRAI. EDMUND H. H. AI.I.ENBY SIGNS OF THE TIMES • • ……… 241 CHRISTWARD MOVIiMENTS IN INDIA EGYPTIANS AND THE (;QSPIiI.

INDIA'S PR!iSENT DISTRIiSS INT!lRCHURCH CONFERIiNCE IN MEXICO HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA A JAPANESE VIEW OF EUROPE EDITORIALS . . . • . . . ..•…… . 247 BmI.E READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOI.S Is ABYSSINIA AWAKENING?

INTERPRETING INDIA TO AM1lRICA OUR A'tTITUDE TOWARD GJlRMAN MISSIONS GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR. . . . . By BURTON ST. JOHN 251 An impressive array of facts in regard to the extent of German missions before the war, and the problem facing the Christian Church in post-war reconstruction. THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA. . . By J. C. R. EWING 259 One of the best living authorities on missions in India shows the progress of Christianity in its relation to the "Mass Movements."

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA. . By DWIGHT M. DONAI.DSON 266 With a series of striking maps, an American missionary points out the strategic importance of Meshed to the evangelization of Central Asia, including the closed land of Afghanistan.

THE CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS By LEMuEl, CALI. BARNES 270 The tremendous problem before the Christian Church in caring for the re- turning soldiers is clearly set forth in its relation to the home mission problem, and the possible settlement of soldiers on western farms.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. II. . . . By CHARLES E. SCOTT 274 The concluding part of a very graphic picture of the sufferings undergone by Chinese Christians because of their faith.

SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS . . . By Bl1LLl1 M. BRAIN 281 The story of a picturesque and fruitful life on an island near the Republic of Panama. Miss Coope has been called a second Mary Siessor. CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO. . By WILLIAM 1. HuTCHINS 285 An Oberlin professor vividly gives the impression made upon him on his first visit to the slums of the Japanese capital.

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE. . By STIiPHllN TROWBRIDGE 287 The story of what a major of the Red Cross discovered on his visit to a Turkish orphanage near Beirut.

WAR AND RELIGION "OVER THERE" . . . . By PHILIP E. HOWARD 289 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 292 THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMIiR 300 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 304 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …… 320 Missionary Personals . . Facts Warlh Quoting TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. AJI rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of_March 3, 1879.

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PUBLICATION OFFICE:- EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:- COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. 156 FIFTH AVE.. NEW YORK CITY.

ROBItRT E. SPlll1R, Presidt.. t DEI.AVAN L. PIl1RSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Via-Preside..t WAI.TllR McDoUGAI.I., Trea.rnrer ReVIew is being sent to 228 foreign This Service Flag mission stations. There are still sev- Will Last Forever eral hundred mission stations unsup- plied. Style 110 Size 25×36 Inches Letters received from pastors, SURELY you will honor permanently missionaries, professors in theological those from your Church or Sunday seminaries, women and laymen show that the "REVIEw" is filling a real school who helped defend our country in need in the lives of these friends en- gaged in Christian work. They re- the most stupendous of all wars and you port that it not only brings inspira- tion to them, stimulates their prayer have been wondering how to appropriately life and gives them a world vision, but that it is found especially useful replace your temporary service flag. in interesting others in missions through sermons, addresses and talks The finest testimonial that you could erect is an ex- at missionary meetings, and in the quisite bas relief design of indestructible LIBERTY preparation of missionary programs. BRONZE which faithfully reproduces the sculptor'. One layman was so impressed with best workmanship and is in true accord with recog- the articles on "The Church and the Social Question" that he has paid for nized fine art standard•. reprinting 10,000 copies and sending to 10,000 ministers with a question- W rite Their Names naire to obtain their views on the in "Liberty Bronze" subject. Each tablet is individually made to contain any The REVIEW also finds a place number of honor names. also an inscription of your in about 2000 libraries, and last year own choosing. and itwiII dignify any room or building. we noticed 275 quotations from our pages in over 100 papers and maga- Liberty Bronze process in addition to being best zines. Thus the largest reach of the for the purpose costs less than other bronze bas REVIEW is not through its direct sub- reliefs of inferior appearance. scribers, but through them to the from 10 to 1000 others to whom var- Write for Illustrated Catalo, No. 4A, atating numious subscribers pass on the infor- ber of atara in sen-ice fla, and character Df or,anmation and inspiration received. A ization contemplatin, erection of tellimoaiai tahlet. conservative estimate would mean that- one or more of its messages LIBERTY BRONZE WORKS reach as many as a million readers. Manufacturers of Artistic The Nominating Committee made Tablets for all Purposes its report and a vote by ballot was taken, resulting in the re-election of General Offices: 112 W. 40th St., New York the members of the Board of Directors for the year 1919.

*** .OUR WORLD TEMPERANCE NUMBER The May number of the REVIEW is to be devoted to the World Wide Temperance Movement. Since the various state legislatures have almost without exception voted for national prohibition as an amendment to the constitution of the United States, the movement toward world-wide prohibition as the only safe course has gained momentum. The reasons that have led America to favor this drastic action should also influence other Please mention 'rHn MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'llE WORLD in writing to advertisers governments to make similar laws printed notice appearing in the last against a tra~c which brings benefit copy for which the subscription is only to those who conduct it for paid. All subscriptions are payable financial gain, and undeniably is a strictly in advance.

curse to humanity, bringing physical, *** moral and spiritual ruin to millions of men, women and children. We DATE OF PUBLICATION are presenting in the May number statements by the highest authorities, Considerable confusion and delay showing the effect of intoxicants and has resulted from the change of habit-forming drugs on the physical, printer from New York to Coopersmental and moral life of the human town. A number of circumstances, race. The effect also on industries, including influenza, transfer of paper politics and religion is brought out, and plates, and congestion at the so that the facts may be put in the printing office, delayed the January hands of patriots in various coun- and February numbers, so that many tries who wish to use these facts as complaints were received about the arguments in promoting temperance non-arrival or late arrival of copies and prohibition in their own lands. of the REVIEW. This has been a very trying experience for subscrib- Another series oJ articles in this ers and for those at the office of the same number is devoted to the needs REVIEw. We believe, however, that of various mission lands, and the the difficulty has been adjusted. The progress that has been made along March number was mailed on Febtemperance lines. ruary 24, and it is expected that the April number will reach the sub- It would be well for subscribers scribers before April 1st. It is our and others interested in this subject earnest endeavor to publish the REto send advance orders for the May VIEW in !ample time, so that those number. Already an extra edition who depend upon it for sermons and of 5000 copies has been ordered by missionary meetings will not be disone organization, and we expect a appointed by its late arrival. still larger demand. Copies should be sent to all the mission fields to be *** distributed among Christian workers. WOULD YOU LIKE TO AT- *** TEND A MISSIONARY CON- EDITIONS EXHAUSTED The December edition of the RE- FERENCE THIS SUMMER'!

VIEW was exhausted almost as soon You can go if you really want to.

as it came from the press. The Be a MISSIONARY REVIEW delegate. January number, in spite of the fact If you are longing to attend some that we printed a second edition of special Summer School and do not 1000 copies, is now entirely out of know just how to pay your expenses, print, and we have had orders for perhaps we C~ll1 help you. Let us over one hundred copies which know which conference you prefer, could not be supplied. An extra giving if possible the auspices under large edition of the February num- which it is heJd and dates. If you ber was printed. and has also been have not decided which one will be in such demand that we have not of greatest value to you let us know been able to supply all the orders; what work you are most interested consequently, future subscriptions in and we will gladly send you helpmust begin with the March number, ful information. We are in close of which we have ordered a 20% touch with the leaders throughout larger edition. Moral: send in your the country and hope to have many • orders early, and do not allow your MISSIONARY REVIEW delegates attend subscription to lapse. According to the 1919 Summer Schools of Mis- Government regulations, we have sions.

been obliged to cut off our subscrib- Would you like to go"? Write ers if their subscription is not re- about it at once to Miss Wilma newed promptly. Four notices are Duntze, 156 Fifth Avenue, New ~ent to each subscriber, including a York City. Keep Informed on the Progress and Problems in Mohammedan Lands The April number-just out-of THE MOSLEM WORLD Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F. R. G. S., of Cairo Contains the following important articles: The Evangelization of Moslems George Swan An Indian Sufi Hymn Howard A. Walter Illiteracy among Indian Moslems H. J. Lane-Smith Christian Literature for Russian Moslems Jenny de Mayer Islam in Siam Paul McClure Hinkhouse Constantinople College fot Women The Crescent a Symbol of Islam Eveline A. Thompson All India Moslem Ladies' Conference H. E. E. Hayes Mohammedans in Syria during the War Marguerite B. Walter Evil Spirits and the Evil Eye in Turkey Wm. H. Hall Current Topics and Book Reviews George E. White This quarterly, with correspondents in all Moslem lands, is a review of current events, literature and thought among Mohammedans and relates the progrt'ss of Christian Missions in Moslem Lands.

Send your sub~cription today to THE MOSLEM WORLD, IS6 Filtb Avenue, New Vork City $1.25 a Vear 35 .ents a Copy A lew ba.k numbers available The Church Sample Copies Free on Request and the (Enclose 3 cents for postage) The president of a large western Social Question manufacturinl" /company was so impressed with the force and value of two recent articles on the above subject, by Dr. John McDowell of Baltimore, that he has made it possible to have them reprinted and distributed to ten thousand ministers in the Christian churches of America.

WOULD YOU LIKE to see this important contribution to the "study of the basic principles which underlie the relation of the church to society at the present day"? If so, send us your request, enclosing a three cent stamp for mailing. Quantities can be obtained for distribution among members of your church at 25 cents per dozen or $r.oo per hundred.

SEND TODAY – Before the supply is exhausted PARTIAL CONTENTS I. Interest io the Social Question 3. Christianity and the Social Question 2. What is the Social Question 4. Leadership of the Church THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Cooperstown, N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE· WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals REV. SIDIiEY L. GULICK, D. D., for thirty years a missionary to Japan, has been appointed by the Commission on Relations with the Orient as a special representative in Paris during the Peace Conference, to help promote a better understanding • • • between the nations of the West and the Far East. BISHOP M. C. HARRIS, of the M.ethodist Episcopal Church in Tokyo, Japan, re- turned to the United States by way of Vancouver, February 5, and sailed from New York February 28 for Europe and the Holy Land. He will study conditions • • • in Jerusalem and the new Palestine. REv. STANI,!CY WHITE, D. D., one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, has gone to Syria for six months' work with the American • • • Committee for Relief to the Near East. REv. ARTHUR E. HOLT, Ph. D., of Fort Worth, Texas, has accepted the call to become Social Service Secr.etary for the Educational Society of the Congregational Church. Dr. Holt is a member of the Rural Life Commi'ssion and associate editor of Rural Educator. ••• DR. B. M. TIPPI,E, President of the Methodist College for Boys in Rome, is in America after a visit to the war-devastated areas of Europe. He is also secretary of the War Emergency and Reconstruction Bureau of the Methodist Church in Europe. ••• DR. CHARI,ES HARFORD, the lounder and first Principal of Livingstone College for the medical training of foreign missionaries, has been appointed Secretary of the Church of England Temperance Society. He has done much to help regulate • • • the abuses of the liquor traffic in Africa. DR. A. C. DIXON has resigned the pastorate of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, LOIi- don, and returns to Amwica in April. He will lecture to the students of the Los • • • Angeles Bible Institute three months of the year. DR. WII,LIAM HOYT WORRELl" Professor of Arabic in the Kennedy School of Mi~sions, Hartford, Conn., has been appointed Director of the American School of Oriental Studies in Jerusalem. ••• REV. EMORY W. HUNT, D. D., former Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has been elected President of Bucknell University at Lewisburg, Pa.

• * • MR. FRANK H. MANN, who has done important work in connection with a num- ber of evangelistic and social betterment organizations in New York City, has been elected to succeed Dr. John Fox as secretary of the American Bible So- • • • ciety. Mr. Mann is a nephew of Governor Mann of Virginia. REv. CHARI,ES R. WATSON, D. D., and DR. JOHN R. MOTT have gone to Paris to remain during the Peace Conference in order to furnish needed information in re- gard to conditions in. the Near East.

*•* REV. W. G. SHEI,!,ABEAR, D. D., the Methodist mISSIOnary, who has worked among the people of the Malay Peninsula for thirty-two years, has translated the Bible into Malay and has written a grammar and dictionary in the language, is studying Arabic at the Kennedy School of Missions in preparation for work among Mo- hammedans of Malaysia. ••• REV. FREDERICK L. FAGLEY, D. D., pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, has been chosen Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism which is working in close cooperation with the Home Missionary and Educational Societies of the Congregational Church. ••• DR. AND MRS. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS are again in Beirut, after a journey of 38,000 miles begun in July, 1918. Before leaving Syria three years ago, Dr. Hos- kins was told by a Turk that if they, the Turks, were ever driven out of Beirut they would leave behind nothing but smoking ruins. But General AUenby was too swift for them, and the missionaries found their homes intact.

**• R>:v. GEORG>: H. TRULL, Sunday School Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has sailed for Palestine, with other Sunday School workers, to look into the religious education of th,? children of the Near East.

• !'fAWAli O-r-T-'– In.rerprermg Jnfa '"

Sky Pilot to the San BIas Indians The Masses and the Classes in India A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . Is Abyssima Awakening? Union Movem nts in Australia OUR VIEW Of' THE WORJ.P IN THIS NUMBER l.EADING ARTICLES AND EDITOR1ALS ARE IND1CATE.D BY TITLES Tl-I~ tlUMSER OF NEWS rrEMS ON EACH COUNTRY IS INDIC …TED IIY ARABIC NUMERAL.S

GENE~AL HEADQIJAAT'ERS

EGYPTIAN IEXPEPITIONARV FORCE.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. APRIL,1919 NIJJOIIIB F01Jll XLII SIGNS OF THE TIMBS OHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN INDIA M ASS movements toward Ohristianity still continue among the lower classes in India in certain. large areas. It is of course true that there are many causes for this movement, not the least of which is the hope of these 50,000,000 outcastes that they may better their condition materially. At .the same time a tremendous opportunity is presented to lift these people Ohristward, to educate them and to show them a higher manner of life than the low moral and physical plane on which they have been living. If the Ohristian Church neglects this opportunity the movement will drift into materialism.

The outcastes have been in virtual slavery-physical, industrial mental and moral-but they constitute the backbone of the agricultural system of India and are a very valuable asset to the country. They have been asleep but now are awakening, and are feeling after freedom and enlightenment.

The demand for self-government in India is being led by the Jhigher castes, but this demand is opposed by two parties; by the :Moslems who are in the minority and fear that they may be sup- ]pressed or driven out as were the Buddhists, and by the lower ,castes and outcastes who have no relish for political domination by Brahmins. Both of these influential classes prefer to be ruled by the British.

The lower castes especially, and many of the higher castes who :have been educated in Christian schools, are beginning to realize that in Christ and his Gospel alone lies the hope of liberty, Sev- <eral hundred bhou~~11d b.!.j.v~ ,come into the Christian' churches ,241

in the past few years. The greatest problem, as has been frequent- ly said, is the education of these converts. In spme districts large numbers are awaiting teachers. The opportunity must not pass unheeded.

Rev. H. T. Vodden, a Church Missionary Society worker in Western India writ!ps: "I seem to spend most of my time and ener- gies saying 'No' to people who come for help. For the greater part of six weeks there has seldom been a moment from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. where there has not been a queue of people awaiting their turn outside. Our Indian evangelists return from tours to tell of multitudes of earnest enquirers. Deputations come from isolated Christian communities asking for teacher evangelists. We are inundated with requests that have to be refused. Bright children cannot be given Christian schooling and must return to ignorance and virtual slavery because there are not sufficient teachers or funds to establish village schools."

The Christians in India are eager to learn and are willing to make great sacrifices to enable their children to be educated. The soil is exceedingly fertile, the harvest is ready for gathering, but the laborers are too few. '

INDIA'S PRESENT DISTRESS I F it were not for the urgent appeals from war-swept lands, all the world would be stirred by the present critical situation in India as described by Dr. R. A. Hume, chairman of the Mission Committee of Relief. He says: "War, famine and pestilence are combining to make the present season in India the most serious and distressing for a hundred years." When the strength of the people was at a very low ebb because of famine conditions, influenza swept over the country in deadly pneumonic form, carrying off thousands of bread-winners and leaving behind widows and orphans to weep and starve. Many more thousands who have recovered are weak- ened in body and unable to do their proper work." _ India supported the Allied cause in the war with large sacri- fice and sympathy. She sent a million and a half young men who) .voluntarily enlisted, and also contributed vast sums of money by gift or loan. It is hoped that Americans will not forget the terrible testing through which India is passing, and will give her sympathy.

prayers and material aid. .

HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA R ECENTLY there has developed within the Chinese Church . ~ definite eff~rt to carry the Gospel into the unreached prov- IDces of theIr country. At a personal workers' conference held last August in Kuling a managing committee was appointed which was since increased to eighty-four members, representing

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

every part of. China. Considerable publicity has been given the enterpriS€, special hymns have been prepared, mite boxes have been distributed and one worker has already. collected and sent in over $1,000. This is distinctly a Chinese movement. No Americans or Europeans are on the managing committee, though their advice is freely sought. In personnel, method· and funds it is strictly a domestic undertaking-more women than men are on the committee, an evidence of a new Na in China, where women have always been in the background.

The first efforts are to converge on Yunnan, the southwesternmost province adjoining Tibet, containing 13,000,000 people, 146,000 square miles in area, possessing great mineral wealth, and an ideal climate. The people of this province are ignorant and unevangelized, but potentially this is a strong field. .

EGYPTIANS AND THE GOSPEL CHRISTIANITY was introduced into Egypt in the first cen- tury and the Coptic Church is the historic Christian Church of the land of the Pharaohs. But that Church has a name to live and is dead–covered over by a mass of superstitions and ritual. The reason is not far to seek. The Copts have never been a Bible-reading people. Their Christianity is an hereditary faith, not a personal relationship to Jesus .Christ. Most of the Copts know more of church forms than of the teachings of Christ. Bibles in Coptic cost so much that few can afford to buy them. Hundreds of villages have no church and no religious services, and as a result many of the Copts are becoming assimilated with their more aggressive Moslem neighborS'.

The hope of Egypt is the missionary influence which is needed by Copt and Moslem alike. The outlook for evangelical Christianity is brightened by the defeat of Turkey, the political champion of Islam. Moslems are consequently face to face with a new situation and say that Allah must have decreed that Christian uations should win. Their ardor for pan-Islamism has cooled and all classes are seeking the favor of the British.

"The Christian conflict has changed in Egypt within the last decade," says Dr. S. M. ZWemer. "Formerly the arena was the Koran alid Moslem Tradition, now it is the Bible." M;oslems are abandoning- their dispnte as to the perfection of the Koran and leaders are turning to attack the Christian Scriptures. The people are more willing to converse on religious lines and are generally very ready to receive and read copies of the Bible. Many Moslem officials attend Christian services. Egypt cannot be converted by comparative religion, but only by a positive preaching of the Gospel of Christ. Says Dr. Zwemer: "There is no doubt that

in sociE!-1 reform, policy, education, and all the ideals of democracy, educated Moslems are Our allies and not our enemies. Although their efforts are spasmodic, they are not unconscious of the need for the uplifting and enlightenment of the masses. Most of them are ardent admirers of much that they consider the best in western civilization. But, alas I too few of their number are ready to help others reach the goal that they admire.

"The war has destroyed Islam as a world political po,wer. Islam stands before the world stripped of every support save its intellectual, moral and spiritual claims. Apostate ,Moslems are no longer punishable by death. We must therefore press, the issue on intellectual and moral lines, and compel decision."

AN INTERCHURCH CONFERENCE IN MEXICO A BOUT five years ago representatives of the Protestant Mis- sion Boards met in Cincinnati and agreed to divide the terri- tory and to cooperate more closely in Mexico. But the revolutions and counter-revolutions have prevented the completion of the program. Now, however, with the return of peace, the oppor- tunity to carry out these plans has come and on February 18 to 22 the same twenty representatives of ten denominational Boards of Missions met in Mexico City for a conference on the best and most expeditious way to put the final touches on the distribution of terri- tory in that republic. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was represented by Rev. S. G. Inman, the Secretary.

Under the terms as agreed upon, the Southern Methodists oc- cupy the border states, the Congregationalists take most of the West Coast, the Presbyterians are concentrated in the South of the republic, while the Disciples and 'Methodist Episcopal Boards take the central states. The Friends remain in the northeast, and the Baptists are somewhat widely scattered, not having agreed to all the provisions of the plan. In addition to the territorial ques- tion the Conference went fully into other matterSl30ncerned with the future of the educational and other forms of Christian work in Mexico. President Carranza welcomed the Conference and prom· ised the fullest protection for evangelical work.,' , Conditions in Mexico continue to improvearrdthe openmin,d,ed.

ness of the people parmits Christian work to be carried on in all parts of the republic, with protection and welcome for the,*,OI'kers.~'

The delegates to the Conference visited thi3Protestant work in all sections of the country, various delegates traveling through No- gales, Sonora, Sinaloa and Guadalajara, EI Paso, Chihuahua, Zaca- tecas and Aguas Calientes, Laredo, Monterey and Saltillo; Mata- , moros, Victoria, Tampico and San ,Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, .Jalapa no aridPue~la. This travel was attended with untoward, ,iI,l(liden,t

whatever, and with a far greater degree of comfort than was anticipated. Many encouraging evidences were found of the fact that the country is slowly but surely returning to normal· conditions, socially, economically and politically. While some outlying districts are still greatly disturbed, practically all the centers exhibit stable conditions.

This is an opportune time to put into operation the cooperative program of all the Protestant missionary agencies at work in one country, and to show that the Interchurch World Movement may expect practical results in a united solution of the missionary problem.

Now also is an opportunity for the Christians of the United States to prove their real friendship and bring about a clearer understanding between the two neighboring republics.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF EUROPE WE have often read statements referring to the effect of the war on thinking peoples of Africa and Asia. Some who have heard of the conflict between so-called Christian na- tions have no doubt scoffed at Christianity. Others have had the discernment to see that the failure has been the failure to follow Christ's principles in national and international affairs. The sol- diers and laborers who have gone to Europe, from China, Japan, . India and Africa have come away with a different view of life~ sometimes better and sometimes worse than when they went from home. It would be interesting to see inside their minds, to gain their view of the, new world into which they have been thrust un- ceremoniously and the effect on them when they returned home,.

Even the changes in the character and view point of Americans has been tremendous, whether they have been pastors, Y. M. C. A.

workers. women or soldiers.

The impression made on a Japanese GeI).eral, an earnest Chris- tian, and a man of education and influence, is worthy of study.

It is a sign of the tendencies and the progress of the world from an Oriental viewpoint. When General Hibiki, of the Japanese army, passed through New York on his return from France he was asked to give his chief impressions and the conclusions reached as a result of his visit to the chief seat of conflict. His replies are in- teresting and illuminating. They were briefly as follows: 1. A firm faith in democracy and a conviction that democracy, perhaps after the British rather than the American model, because Japan is a monarchy, must be acoopted in Japan. .

2. A surprised discovery of the strength of religious faith in France.

3. A clear conviction of God in history. History is not a development of impersonal forcH nor did commercial or random influence bring America in. It was God.

4. Germany was defeated in the spirit. She was not as yet beaten materially. It was the moral ideals of the Allies which conquered the moral ideals of Germany.

5. America did not have so large an actual part in the conflict as others, but it was America which determined the victory. The scale was even, with the German side preponderating; when America was forced in, the German side of the scale shot up. America's contribution was decisive.

6. In outward appearance Russia's failure was a dark disaster. It prolonged the war and threatened the defeat of the Allies, but in. the deeper philosophy of history the hand of God is clear. It meant the overthrow of autocracy in Russia, and in Germany, and assured a new democratic age.

7. Spiritual faith throughout the world, faith in God and in spiritual forces and ideals, have been advanced by the experience of the war. 8. Belief in the Trinity has not been destroyed. The divine character and personality and teaching of Jesus have been brought out with greate·r clearness than ever.

These observations reveal the solid ground work on which Christians have to build in Japanese character. God is working out his plans in human history. The spiritual conquest is the only· one which is really important and lasting. Every nation and every individual has a great responsibility in the world-not because of great power possessed but because one, in the Hand of God, may turn the scale and one in league with the devil may bring untold . misery and disaster. The reliance on spiritual faith and spiritual forces must be emphasized and Jesus Christ must be accepted as the revealer of God and the one true hope for peace, the manifestation of love, the Way of Life.

A UNION MOVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA W RILE the missionary boards in North America are plan- ning an Inter-Church WorId !Movement, there is also a new venture in Australia that is full of promise along the lines of Christian education. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches of Queensland have united in establishing two secondary schools, a girls' high school and a boys' college under control of a joint committee.

Tlris is something new in Australia and opens the way for still closer cooperation in other lines, if not for actual organic union.

INDIA TO

A UNION of Christian students of India in America has been formed with headquarters to try to interpret the spirit and needs of the Indian peoples to those of North America. Of this Society Mr. S. Arga of Union Theological Seminary, New York, is the President. Naturally there are differing view points as to b- dian problems. For example missionaries do not agree among themselves as to the preparedness of Indian peoples for self-govern- ment, or the relation that should exist between Indian Christians and foreign missionaries. Many Indians in America are dissatisfied with most missionary addresses and missionary books on account of their attitude toward the Indian peoples. Native pride is hurt and they believe that many books and addresses misrepresent India, her character, customs and ideals. There is no doubt some truth in this. Some speakers naturally I1elate unusual incidents as if they were of common occurrence. They select and describe the picturesque' and sometimes grotesque scenes as though they were prevalent. Photographs of disagreeable, uns'anitary and immoral conditions are presented as though they were characteristic of all India. • '. ')_••• lt is natural that Indian Christians should be sensitive. They wish to present the attractive features of their country and people -its beautiful scenery and fine buildings, the intellectual acute- ness of its educated classes and the ideals and strength of many of its institutions. But it must be remembered that India is a penin- sular continent with a great variety in races, languages, customs and conditions. What is true of Brahmins is not true of outcastes, and what may be said of the Robber Caste will not describe the "sweepers." There is much that is. attractive· in India in the philos- ophy and patriotism of certain classes, but there is much also that is repulsive and degrading. The missionary purposes of the ad- dresses must be taken into account. The evils must be shown in order that the remedy may be applied.' The people as a whole are still ignorant and weak and untrained in civilized ways, and are unfit for complete self-government. Brahmins and Moslems, Jains, Parsees and outcastes do not agree among themselves.

There is much to be done in India to prepa.re the people for self- .

government and to root out degrading customs.

There is however a real need in promoting a fuller under- standing between India and Anglo-Saxon people,s, and the above 247

mentioned Union may render a great servioe if its members will be as honest and impartial and thorough in their presentation of things Indian as they wish the missionaries to be. Misrepresentations cause only friction. The spirit of Christian truth and love is needed to promote a Christian understanding and more effective service in leading India to the feet of Jesus Christ.

BIBLE READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHINA has recommended the use of the Christian Scriptures in some of the public schools of that republic, but still many of the schools in America neglect this highest source of wisdom and power. On the Bible are founded the laws and ethics and Christian faith of the civilized world. It is the most widely circulated book in the world-with over 30,000,000 copies distributed in one year-and yet millions of Americans a:ve ignorant of its teachings and neglect the reading of it.

Rev. R. R. Marquis has gathered some interesting facts about the extent to which the Bible is admitted in the schools of various states, in the majority of which no definite legislation on the subject has been enacted. In Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee not less than ten verses, and in New Jersey neit less than five verses are required to be read at each session in the public schools. A teacher is subject to dismissal in Tlennessee for failure to comply. In Georgia, North Dakota and Oklahoma,. Bible reading is not definitely prohibited; while in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Texas, Iowa, South Dakota and Colorada the law permits the Bible to be read in schools. Nebraska allows it to be read without comment and studied as literature; Ohio and Virginia leave its use optional with the Boards of Education. Rhode Island, Delaware, West Virginia and Missouri have left Bible reading to the option of the teacher. In New York, pupils cannot be compelled to attend Bible reading. While no law demands the reading in Maine, Vermont, North and South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas and New Mexico, public sentiment does require it; and the custom is also general in ten other states. Thus it is seen that the Bible has at least the right of way in the majority of states.

In Louisiana, where Roman Catholics predominate, the law forbids Bible reading. Legal opinion in California decrees that the Bible is sectarian and sectarian teaching is barred. The Bible is also excluded by the Attorney-General in Minnesota and Washington; in Utah by the Superintendent of Education; in Arizona by statute and in Illinois by the Supreme Court.

Recently the United States Commissioner of Education has appealed to the Federal Council of the Churches for help in Americanizing the foreigners, and many who are more interested in

EDITORIAL

patriotism than in religion have come to the conclusion that the Bible, if read in the public schools, would do much to raise the national leV'el of morality. Wonderful work has been done in some schools to make children good Americans; would that as much interest might be shown in making them good Christians.· WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH GERMAN MISSIONSY R EV. Burton St. John presents in this number of the REVIEW the problem of German missions after the war. Three atti- tudes are taken in missionary circles: First, obliterate the German element and turn work and equipment over to missionary agencies of neutral or allied countries. Second, return the mis- sions to German societies and allow them to continue their work under certain conditions. Third, judge the case of each mission separately and in general hold the German missions in trust for them until such time as it may seem best to finally decide their fate.

The fate of captured German territory and the regulations controlling German subjects and activities in allied territory must be left to the decision of allied governments. Missionaries look on the problem from the standpoint of the Kingdom of God. The influence of German missionary agencies is however, bound up and largely determined by the attitude of their representatives to the great moral questions involved in the war. It is, therefore, with special interest that we look for some disapproval of the national attitude of the German people, and a statement to show the real mind on the part of German missionaries concerning the moral issues in- volved-truth, humanity, and reliance on spiritual, as opposed to physical ideals, forces and conquests.

The attitude of the best type of German missionaries toward these questions is revealed in an article by u member of the Basel mission (Switzerland), that appeared in the Evangelisches Missions- 'ff/iI1,gazin for February. In his "Word to Anglo-Saxon mission- aries" the author says in part: "There are three requests which we would ask them (editors of missionary periodicals) to consider: (1) During the war love and truth have often been sinned against in your mission papers and mission talks, and the already imperilled ties of the missionary have been still more endangered, while surely we missionaries should be the last to lightly regard the ties of missionary fellowship. We ask that bitterness and passion may no longer prevail among those whose life, like ours, is devoted to the work of Christianity. Remember nOw your share of the responsibility for the oneness of the Church of Christ, and work toward * * * peace, toward mutual understanding, and toward mutual devotion to God, instead of toward hate, toward division Bear witness to the spirit in which your German colleagues have worked, so that the way may again be opened to them. The .eruptions of the war have left a chasm in evangelical Christianity which· is still unbridged and paralyzes

its message to the world. Only Jesus Christ, who has reconciled us with God through His suffering on the Cross, can bridge this chasm. It is we who should endeavor to smooth His way by striving for a true reconciliation in a spirit of repentance and prayer. (2) The question of the possession of the colonies which is now being discussed is not, however, an attempt to improve the condition of the natives, but is simply a matter of colonial conquest. We missionaries therefore should have no hand therein, for our calling is not world politics or the division of the spoils of war, but to carry forward the teachings of Christ. (3) It has been solemnly declared that henceforth German missionaries are not to work in British possessions, because they mould labor in a spirit of enmity. We have no power to effect the change of such a decision, although we take occasion to record a solemn protest. The German missionary in English colonies has done missionary work, not political work. We well know that you, too, have no power to change this decision, but we are disappointed to observe that you have bowed to it without protest."

The attitude of Ohristian missionaries of the allied nations to- ward their former German colleagues is one that truly calls for Christian forbearance and should be regulated by the spirit of Ohrist. There are, however, sins to be repented of and errors to be corrected, and in planning for the future, we must build on foundations that create confidence and must avoid the mistakes and sins of the past. .

IS ABYSSINIA. AWAKENING A BYSSINIA, while not a closed land like Afghanistan, is a backward nation and has been almost untouched by modern Christian missions. The Abyssinian Ohurch belongs among the Oriental Ohristian sects, and is like the Ooptic and Gregorian Churches without spiritual vitality. The members of the Ohurch are not educated Ohristians, their religion is largely a matter of forms and hereditary faith, and has no missionary purpose.

Recent reports', however, tell of a promising religious awakening in Abyssinia, and it is said that some 10,000 Moslems have been received into the State Ohurch within the last five or six years.

The center of the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Ohristian movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. Its original cause appears to have been the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Ohristians are very eager to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a large body of teachers, said to number about 500, with the object of teaching their youth to read the Scriptures.

EASTERN

The crOllSeS represent centers of German Missionary Eftort German· Missions After the War BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director o~ the Bureau of Statistics and Research, Foreign Missions Con.ference Condensed from report given at the Anmtal Foreign Missions Conference in New Haven, Connecticut, January, 1919 A T the beginning of the war there were 2,400 missionaries (in- cluding wives) in the German Missions* throughout the non- Christian world. These Missions employed 9,000 native helpers, recorded 720,000 baptized Christians, and had 240,000 registered ·With the German Missions have been included the Basel Missionary Society, which has its headquarters in Switzerland. It is made up very largely of German elements. and commoldy is included in our thought as among German Missions. Also included with these are practically a1l p.1 t}l~ )f9ravi3J1 )li_ssians in the Eastern Hemisphere.

251

in soo{)ols of all grades. The income of these societies for that year was, in round numbers, $2,250,000. These statistics in themselves are sufficient to indicate something of the extent of the missionary enterprise which was under the direction of German missionary societies.

CHARTA E.ach cross in the accompanying map marks some center of German Missions. There are two stations in Persia, a few in Asia Minor, a few in Syria, and a few in Egypt. They are scattered throughout western, southern, and eastern Africa. They may be found in India, and up on the Tibetan border. There is quite a block of them in China. In the Dutch East Indies, too, they have had very strong Missions, as well as in German New Guinea, with some work in the Caroline Islands and in Japan.

Mter peace has been established the German missionaries probably will have the same rights in Dutch territory as they have always had. It is also likely that Japan will not exclude the few missionaries now at work in that country, and that the: Missions in the Caroline Islands will not be disturbed. Probably China will put up no barriers, so that it is the most likely country to which the Germans will turn for future extension of their missionary enterprise.

Let us confine our attention to the Near East, India, New Guinea, and Africa-territories from which German Missions may be excluded for a term of years, and in which adjustments are now pending.

In the Near East there were 161 German missionaries working at the beginning of the war. The German Orient Mission had two stations in Persia, while the Kaiserwert Deaconesses, the German Aid Society, and two smaller societies had Missions in Constantinople, Asia Minor and Syria.

Coming to the East Indian Islands, we find in British Borneo two stations of the Gossner Society. In Dutch New Guinea, territory which is now in the hands of British authorities, there was a very strong work of the Rhenish and Neuendettelsau Societies. In these East Indian Islands were 106 missionaries. The work of these three Missions with three stations among aborigines in Queensland, Australia, doubtless must be provided for in some way.

CHART B In India there is a far greater problem in the work that was formerly conducted by 452 German missionaries. There are the great Gossner Mission in the northeast, the Mission· of the Schleswig-Holstein (Breklum) Society in the east, the work of the Moravians up on the Tibetan Border, the Hermannsburg and Leipzig Missions in the southeast and the extensive Missions of the THIBET BAY OF BENGAL INDIA Each cross represents a residence station of some German ~1issjonary Society. Each dot represents a residence station of some other Protestant Missionary Society.

Basel Society in the , southwest. All these large Missions have a correspondingly large number of missionaries, with a propor~ tionate number of native staff, communicants, schools, and mission industries,-in short, they have all types of missionary work. It may be taken for granted that this whole territory must be re:- arranged, as far as the German Missions are concerned.

CHART C In Africa the problem is even greater. Egypt had, the comparatively small work of the Kaiserwert Deaconesses in the north and the Sudan Pioneer Mission in the south. On the Gold Coast and in Togoland, the only Missions in existence were those of two German societies, the Basel and the North German (Bremen). Again in the northern part of the Kamerun country there w,ere the German Baptists and the Basel Missions with a single station of the Gossne'r Mission. In British and German East Mrica, par- ) AFRICA The crosses represent the principal Slarions of German Missions. The dots represent stations of nther Protestant Missions.

ticularly the latter, were eight or nine societies. From the best information available all the foregoing missionaries have boon interned or repatriated. The Miss-ions are either temporarily provided for or are quite without foreign sl!pervision.

Of course we cannot foretell what will be the action of the Peace Conference in regard to the German colonies. It is commonly believed that they will not be returned to Germany. The Governments which take over these colonies probably will not welcome an early return of the German missionaries.

Many of the German missionaries in South Africa naVie been continuing their work. The Union of South Africa is supposed to have permitted all of the Rhenish Missions in German Southwest Africa to remain without interruption, but what is to be done with these missionaries has not yet been finally determined. .At the beginning of the war, there were in Africa 1,134 missionaries of German societies. This one fact indicates something of the extent of the problem of adjustment. To get this more clearly before us, several charts concerning African Missions are appended.

CHART D-AFRICA, FOREIGN STAFF, 5,365 German-I,134 – 21% – North American-I,1n – 22% – British-1,998 • – 37% – Other-l,061 – 20% – Notice that one-fifth of the misslOnanes in Africa were of German societies. "

CHART E-AFRICA, NATIVE STAFF, 29,651 – 9% – _ =====:-____ German-2,614 BNroirtitshh-A15m,7er4i6can-3,727 — 1533%% — Other-7,564 -" 25% – The German societies show nine per cent of the native staff.

German-284,230=:====:-..____ CH.IRT F-AFRICA, BAPTIZED CHRISTIANS, 1,232,247" – 23% – BNroirtitshh-A59m2e,6ri3c9an-78,882 — 468%% — Other-276,496 – 23% – Of the Protestant baptized ChrLstwns in Africa twenty-three per cent are connected with German societi,es.

CHART G-AFRICA, ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS. 724.658 German—88,577 – 12% – North American-90,956 – 13% – British-330,113 – 47% – Other-215,012 – 28% – Twelve per cent of those enrolled in schools were connected with German societies.

Of all the Protestant Missions in the Continent of ~'frica, over one-fifth of the missionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth the baptized Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with societies of German origin. This should be sufficient to make it clear that in Africa alone is a tremendous problem.

Referring ag!J,in to the German Missions throughout the world, eliminating those Missions which will doubtless not be included in this r.eadjustment, we find 1,800 missionaries, 6,000 native helpers, 385,000 baptized Christians, and 150,000 in schools. The annual income which supported these Missions was about $1,500,000.

In other words, the foreign staff was about equal to the staff of· all Protestant Missions in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. The native staff, the church, and the schools of German Missions in the territories where adjustments will probably be necessary, are much greater than the similar totals for Latin America.

A. COMPLEX PROBLEM " . This problem is not only gl'leat because of its size, but also it is great because of its complexity. There are numerous govern- mental problems that will have to be met. The attitude of Gov- lernments toward missionaries today is perhaps more intelligent than it ever has been before. They are looking with greater care at the work of missions. The adjustments which are planned necessarily must take into account the attitude of the Governments concerned. As to the Missions themselves, there is the element of terri- torial juxtaposition. One might jump at the conclusion that it would be very easy to settle this whole question, that the Mission in closest territorial juxtaposition should assume the responsi1?ility for the :aeld. But unfortunately the German Missions have not always placed themselves conveniently beside a society that is able to take over their work. Other things being equal, however, the Board haVing near-by work should have first claim to responsi- bility.

Doctrinal propinquity must be taken into consideration. It would be very simple for a Mission of the United Lutheran Church, for example, to take over work of one of the German Lutheran~ societies. There would be no questions of doctrine to adjust with the native Ohurch. Some of these groups include many thou";;' sands of church members and scores of well trained native leaders.

There is also the question of polity. For example, a church that in its polity is Congregational might have great difficulty in taking over the work of a church that had had an Episcopal form of government. Not to give due attention to the accustomed form of church government might lead to much confusion and disagreement.

So complex is this whole problem that it cannot be settled hur- riedly or without prayerful deliberation. Perhaps we have been thinking of this question in the terms of American societies. American societies cannot settle this question. No more can the British societies alone make the necessary adjustments. The British societies are just as much interested and just as much responsible as we are. So too are the Scandinavian societies responsible.

Not only so, but it will be necessary to take into conf,erence the Gennan s{)cieties themselves. This will not be easy, but th(l future of the whole missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the Christian spirit shown in the liIettlement. The questions of property interests especially demand most careful adn;ti.nistration. Both sides must be satisiied that the final dis- .position is in every way eminently just.

Neither let anyone forget that other most important element,

GEaMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE

the native Church. Before these questions are rightly solved, it Will be necessary to confer, in the larger centers at least, with the native Church, and to know that those who take supervision in this new readjustment of work can be met by the Church in a spirit of brotherly love and hearty cooperation. , That the task is great, and that the task is complex, and that it demands the best statesmanship which can be produced is evident.

The most careful Christian consideration, on the part of Great Britain, the United States and Canada, of France, and' the Scandinavian countries and of the German societies themselves should precede each step. The desires and aspirations of the native Church should be a guiding factor. Our prayer should be that whatever adjustment shall come may be in harmony with the will of God. Then only will it be for the advancement of His Kingdom.

TABLE OF GERMAN MISSIONS Area Societies Present Condition Angola Rhenish AFRICA Work undisturbed Bechuanaland Hermannsburg Work probably undisturbed British East Leipzig Missionaries interned or repatriated. Neukirchen Greater part of the work taken over by the Africa Inland Mission.

Cape Province Berlin Some un ordained missionaries in- Moravian terned. Greater part of the work al- Rhenish lowed to continue.

Deaconesses No word concerning the present Sudan Pioneer status of Deaconess Mission or Sudan Pioneer Mission German East Berlin Missionaries of German East Africa interned or repatriated.

Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting the work East Africa Not provided for. Leipzig Not provided for.

Moravian Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting. .

Neukirchen Not provided for.

German Southwest Rhenish Work undisturbed.

Gold Coast Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Kameun Baptist Work taken over by the United Free Church of Scotland.

Missionaries (except two or three American citizens) interned or re- patriated. The American citizens have continued the supervision of the work.

Area Societies Present Condition Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Gossner Paris Society giving supervision to it.

Natal Berlin A single station, now probably aban- Hermannsburg doned.

Orange Free State Berlin Missions allowed to continue. A few unordained men have been interned. Togoland Basel Missions allowed to continue. A few Transvaal Bremen unordained men have been interned. Berlin Hermannsburg Missionaries of Togoland interned or repatriated. The one station of the Basel Mission is under the United Free Church of Scotland.

Bremen Mission with a Christian community of 10,000 by latest infor- mation was without supervision.

Missions have been allowed. to con- tinue.

ASIA China Allgemein Mission Except in Hongkong and Tsingtao the India Basel missionaries have not been forced to Japan Berlin leave.

Berlin Women Friedenshort (C. I. M.) German Alliance (C. I. M.) German Women (C. I. M.) Hildesheim Kie1 Liebenzell' (C. I. M,) Rhenish Basel Malabar work is supervised by the South India United Church. The Mahratta work in the South is under the direction of the National Mission- ary Council. The outlying stations have been taken over by several neigh- boring Missions.

Berklum Mission supervised and aided by the United Lutheran Church of America.

Gossner Mission under the supervision of the Bishop of Chota Nagpur of the Church of England.

Hermannsburg Mission aided by the Ohio Lutheran Synod of America and by the Foreign Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church of America.

Leipzig Mission largely under the supervision of the Swedish Church Mission.

Moravian No definite word received. Probably not interrupted.

Allgemein Work not interrupted.

(Continued on Page 265)

Masses and the Classes in

BY THE REV. PRINCIPAL J. C. R. EWING, FORMAN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, LAHORE, INDIA Address given at the Student Volunteer Conference, East Northfield, Mass.

I NDIA is not a country; it is a continent. Its people do not con- stitute a nation; they are an assemblage of peoples of diverse na- tionalities, religions, customs and ideals. It is exceedingly difficult, even for those who dwell amongst them, to form anything approaching a full appreciation of the task still awaiting the Ohristian Ohurch, within the limits of that huge peninsula. We find there one-fifth of the entire population of our entire planet. There are more people there than in the U. S. A., Canada, South America and Africa combined. The ~eat areas of the U. S. A., France and Russia taken together contain a population less than that of India, with its 315 millions of inhabitants.

We think of these as Hindus, Mohammedans, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Animists and Parsees, or under a wider classification, as literate and illiterate. Of the former there are some 20 millions, of whom more than one-tenth are literate in English. This portion of the population has not only increased rapidly in numbers, but within recent years, has advanced rapidly in influence and is today asserting a claim to be regarded as the leaders of the great masses of the people. That they are truly representative of the sUent mass ma.y well be doubted, and the idea that any such relation exists is spurned as ridiculous by many. Nevertheless the fact remains that they have become the spokesmen of the multitude, and are giving direction to the sooial, political and, in some measure, the religious movements of the day. When a few years ago, Japan, in the far East gained a great victory over Russia, a mighty impulse was communicated to all of the great Eastern peoples. The idea that they must of necessity remain forever in a relation of subservience to the West disappeared for all time. In India people began to claim for themselves "a place in the sun," and to demand for themselves a part in Ute great drama of human history.

This is not the time for any discussion of those tremendous questions which have emerged there from the greatly altered conditions of modern days. It need only be declared that the peoplo are aroused to the possibilities of the future, and are filled with an ambition for themselves and for their country of a nature which could not have been anticipated, least of all by themselves. The leaders of today are men trained in the learning of the West. The initial stages of this training date no farther back than the days 259

. ~ Duff and Macaulay,. and yet it has, in a sense, already tran.Jformed thecountry,-not that it has changed materially the lives or the faith or the ideals of the great masses of the people; but it has giveu new direction to the predominant life of that portion of the population which furnishes leadership to the multitude. — The introduction of Christian ideas through the study of English literature, and especially through the agency of Christian missions, is largely responsible for present conditions.

The ethical ideas current amongst men of education, belong- ing to all the religions and societies of the land, are derived to an almost startling degree from the New Testament. But they have not been led to the full, or in most cases, even the partial acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour. It is true that from the time of Alexander Duff onwards, individuals, !'lome of wnom became mighty as leaders in the Christian Church, have entered the Kingdom from amongst the higher classes of the people, both Hindu and Mohammedan. Instances of such men are many, and some of them might be cited, did time allow. Nevertheless, the situation is such as justifies one in pointing to the millions of the higher classes as constituting today one of the most needy and hopeful :fields for direct missionary effort to be found in any coun- try. I It is imperative that the Gospel of Christ be given, and its adaptability to their needs be shown to men who have left behind all allegiance to the idolatry and superstitution which character- ized the attitude of their fathers, and who are in a position where they may be induced to give a thoughtful hearing to the claims of that faith which announces itself as the fullest supply for all the needs of all men.

A great advance in the work now being done by the mis- sionary schools and colleges, the Y. M. C. A. and organizations for the preparation and dissemination of Christian literature is an obvious necessity of the hour. If such advance be deferred, much of our opportunity will be forever lost. The present politi- cal crisis is also a crisis in the missionary history of the country.

A.t the present moment all existing effort avails to touch but a small proportion of the classes referred to with anything closely approaching an adequate presentation of our message. And meanwhile the people of whom we speak, are rapidly advancing to positions of influence and authority, great numbers of them having learned but little of Christianity, and that little in many cases, alas, from institutions and 9rganizations established for the purpose of counteracting the influence of the Gospel. .

For this specific task a small army of Indian, European and American recruits must somehow be enlisted. The call is for the

THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA

brightest and best young people of the Church. Should you enter that field you will find a sphere in the midst of those inteUectual, cultured and, in all respects, intensely interesting people, that .will make a constant and strenuous demand upon all that you are, and all that you may have acquired throughout the years of your preparation.

Such a gift from the Church to India is something that must be forthcoming soon, if the hopes entertained during the past years are not to be shattered, if the splendid opportunity of the hour is not to be ignored, and if the blessing that has been promised to a faithful Church is to be realized.

'l'he number of converts from the educated classes during recent years is, by no means, an accurate index of the results that may be expected. The leaders of a nation are being prepared for the time when they will enter the Kingdom. In spite of the loosening of the bonds of caste and the removal of much unreasoning prejudice, it is still an appalling prospect that faces the youth or man who contemplates the public profession of his faith in Christ. In exchange for his new faith he must relinquish eTerything which men commonly count dear.

He hesitates, and can you wonder .at this' He temporizes, and is lost.

Young men and women, such men and women need such men and women as you, that through your effort in teaching, guiding, sympathizing and loving they may be won to make the great sacrifice.

By way of further emphasizing India's call to you, I desire to speak briefly of that great phenomenon of modern days, known as the "Mass Movement." Time was, within themem- ory of some of us, when the low caste peoples seemed largely impervious to all attempts to reach them. Today, the sixty millions of such people constitute a sphere of transcendent interest and promise. Throughout large areas these depressed classes are moving in companies great and small toward the door of the Christian Church. The movement is so rapid and the prospects so bright, that one who has studied the situation with thoroughness was, I think, fully justified in his statement to the effect that were the Church to rise to her opportunity we might reasonably expect, within a decade, to see a body of 15 millions' membership in India. Preachers and teachers are intensely absorbed in the effort to instruct, guide and build up a Church that shall be one of spiritual life and power.

Unquestionably the movement is not exclusively a spiritual movement. In the case of some, the chief thing sought is social

advancement and escape from the practical serfdom of the past. The possibility of such escape it may be assumed is the primary influence in the case of many, but even so, however mixed the motive, the faces of many thousands have turned toward Christ; and though many in the beginning had little idea of Him toward whom they had begun to look, as they have been brought under Christian influences, large numbers of them have entered into lives of Christian knowledge and efficiency. Some of them have advanced to positions of Christian leadership, and the community as a whole is growing not only in numbers but in Christian grace and service.

Here is a €lemand for a strenuous advance upon the part of the missionary Church of the West. Year after year witnesses an increase in the great body of inquirers. 'fhese must be taught and trained for service amongst their fellows. The task of guiding them toward the point where they shall become a part of a great self-governing and self-supporting Church is one of tremendous importance, and a large share in this must necessarily be borne by men and women from the West.

You are called in God's Providence to aid against two great perils: first, the danger lest, under the pressure of the time, a great baptized community should be formed, the membership of which should remain destitute of the life and power which can come only through the knowledge of Jesus Christ, in His adaptability to the need of the lowliest and most ignorant. Second, the danger lest this wonderful opportunity pass, through our failure because of lack of laborers to welcome, receive and guide the vast multitude that is knocking at our doors. The forces of Islam are lying in wait to receive. them, if we fail to welcome them, as they come; and both Aryan and Mohammedan, are eager to draw them aside as they enter or have entered our gates, if through failure on our part to give them the fullest degree of spiritual help they are disappointed at what they find within.

In the case of these 60 millions of the lowly, we may say with all conviction, that this is the opportunity of all the centuries. I fear for the Indian Church, for this great multitude which is still without, and for the Christian Church in the West, if this time of all times for the reaping of a great harvest be allowed to pass while we. are doing less than our best.

There is a third feature in the situation in India which is likely when clearly appreciated to appeal to a very considerable number of Student Volunteers. I refer to those whose thoughts have been turned to work among the followers of Islam.

Of these there are 67 millions in India. King George of England rules over more Mohammedans than any other ruler on earth. Not long after the death of the prophet some of his followers made their way to Hindustan. Successive invasions from the Northwest were succeeded by many centuries during which the paramount influence in the land was Mohammedan. That prestige was finally overthrown at the time of the Indian Mutiny. During a long period previous to this, the great Mohammedan population had come into close' contact with the enlightening and broadening influences of the West, and since then that contact has increased and affected the bulk of the people to a degree which has produced a tremendous impression upon them.

For more than a century Western learning, Christian literature, the Christian missionary, and the Christian ruler, by his life and example, have been touching the lives and helping to form the ideals of Muslim youth. Great and fairly radical reform movements have swept large numbers of them far away from the -position of their fathers.

Of these the most noteworthy has been that which centers around the figure of Sir Sayad Ahmad of Aligarh. The Indian Muslim has come to differ widely from his brother in other lands.

This difference lies in his general breadth of culture, his greater appreciation of the views of others, and the wide-spread knowledge of Christian truth drawn from the sources 6f which mention has been made. It may, I think, be fairly claimed that there is no other country in which Mohammedans are so accessible to the M-essage of the Gospel as they are in India. The discouraging nature of work for the people of Islam is well known to us all. We know something of the self-satisfaction, the blind faith and the intense bigotry that have tested the fidelity of the Church for centuri-es. Thes·e obstacles are by no means absent from the Mohammedans of India, and yet, there seems to me good ground for the conviction that we have greater reason to expect large results in the near future from amongst the followers of the Arabian prophet, in India, than in the less enlightened lands where his faith has almost from the beginning held uninterrupted sway.

We are encouraged in t.his belief by the number and quality of accessions from Islam, especially during recent years. Some of the outstanding leaders of the Christian Church, men unsurpassed in spirituality and power are converts from Mohammedanism.

These signs of the times are full of significance, and we joyfully recognize in them the harbingers of a great movement toward Christ, and (may it not beT) the beginning of what will eventually

grow into. a mighty Christian missionary advance· into the ancient strongholds of that faith which has for so long a time withstood with such stubbornness the efforts of the Church.

. Great numbers of men, young and old, are found in India C()nfessing that for· them the orthodox tenets of their ancestral faith have little meaning. It is not any longer Islam as a religion but Islam as a symbol and reminder of the past glory of a people to which they still point with pride, that gives so large a degree of coherence to this great section of India's population.

In saying this, I would not be understood as believing that the battle has been almost won. On the contrary, we are sure that the struggle here is likely to be as protracted and fierce as that waged with the forces of ancient and modern Hinduism. But that which I would that you might gather is this, that India as a field for work amongst Mohammedans is second to none in present promise, and that it is not a wild dream which suggests that God, who in His Providence brought Mohammedanism and the Christian missionary into such close contact, under unique conditions of religious freedom for a century, has been thus preparing the way for the most effective advance of all history, into those countries where Islam still reigns supreme.

In our attempt to suggest the special needs and peculiar opportunities presented by a study of present-day conditions in the great mission field of which we speak, we have referred to great sections of the population amounting to a total or about 150 millions. But these are less than one-half of the whole. There remains a great host of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Animists who belong to none of the classes indicated, but whom we may not ignore in our estimate of the task that lies before us. It is not to be assumed that these are inaccessible to the missionary, even though their present situation and attitude are not such as to call for special mention, in a statement which aims to suggest peculiar and urgent conditions. Many millions still live largely untouched by the influences which have almost completely transformed the lives and thoughts of their neighbors. Superstition, gross idolatry and complete satisfaction with the traditions of their fathers, characterize them as individuals and communities. Reform in religion, and in social practices is still a thing remote from their· every thought. Innumerable objects of worship make their appeal to the blind and needy heart, and receive in response the abject devo~ tion of the lives of the multitude. Adherence to caste regulation is as firmly entrenched as ever in the homes of a great proportion of the people. Many preposterous customs connected with religion and social life, upon which the educated have turned their backs, are as devotedly followed as they were a thousand years ago.

1919i THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES iN lND1A

The Pantheistic substructure of all their thinking and its curious development into the greatest system of Polytheistic practice that the world has yet seen, presents to the messenger of the Truth an obstacle the magnitude of which cannot be overestimated.

Proud of their ancient literature, and looking with lofty contempt upon a faith which they regard as a thing of today, their condition and attitude challenge our v,ery best, as we set ourselves to the work of understanding them, and their prejudices, and of learning something of the process which must take place in their thinking before they can be expected to intelligently appreciate the message which we long to have them receive.

The evangelization of India calls for haste, because of the considerations which have been mentioned. But let no one suppose that the urgency of the need is such as to justify the neglect of careful preparation on the part of those who are called. Let there be few short cuts to India. It can be evangelized speedily only through the pouring forth of our best life. We believe that we have a message, which through the might of the Spirit will prevail, and we believe that in the- very greatness of the task of presenting it there is something that comes as a mighty challenge to the deepest spirituality and the highest intellectual preparation that our country can furnish.

"And time shall come, when, like a swelling tide, The Word shall leap the barriers, and the Light Shall sweep the land; and Faith and Love and Hope Shall win for Christ this stronghold of the night."

GERMAN MISSIONS (Concluded from page 258) Area Societies Present Condition Malaysia Persia Leipzig Only one station. Doubtless discon- Turkey tinued. (Including Syria) Orient Mission probably continuing work. Australia Deaconesses Missionaries probably interned or re- German Aid patriated. No definite word received. Jerusalem Leper Asylum Syrian Orphanage O~NIA Moravian Small Missions among aborigines prob- N euendettelsau ably allowed to continue.

British Borneo Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. No definite information received.

Caroline Islands Liebenzell Japanese authorities have allowed work to continue.

Dutch East Indies Neukirchen Work undisturbed. Rhenish Probably all work is suspended, al- German New GuineaNeuendettelsau though the most recent word is Rhenish indefinite.

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Birjand 6..,., (it ., '( o Y4 Y2 3f.. Imi. E ! I , , N+S Scale of Mile w MESHED AND ITS STRATEGIC POSITION Presbyterian Missions underlined twice; British Missions underlined once. The circle has a radius of 600 miles An American Door to Central Asia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

M ESBED-where is it-in Arabia, Afghanistan or Morocco ~ Few, even of those interested in Christian missions, have ever heard of the place. Fewer still realize its importance in the strategy of missions in Asia. The accompanying map shows the position of Meshed on the eastern border of Persia, not far from Afghanistan. It is far removed from other centers where missionaries are working. On this map the mission stations of the Church of England are underscored with a single line and American stations with double lines.

. The missionary responsibility of other stations in Persia has extended as far as the western border of Khorasan, a province· as large as France, and having .a population of two million. This province belongs to the territory of which Meshed is the first occupied outpost. Eastern Afghanistan, when it is o~ned to foreigners, will naturally fall within the sphere of the work of the English mission stations in India, but western Afghanistan, with a population of about three million, will be a 267

logical field of expansion for the American missionary enterprise opened in Meshed. On the north, in Russian Turkestan, is a great neglected region with nearly 15,000,000 Mohamme- dans. P.robably five million of Tartars and Turkomans live within the boundary of the great circle, with a radius of six hundred miles, drawn from Meshed as a center. This field should be organized, reinforced, equipped and extended so as to reach not less than ten million people dwelling in a region four times as large as France.

Railroads (indicated by dotted lines) have already penetrated Turkestan. Some other society may occupy this great country to the north, and such an arrangement would be agreea"ble to the Presbyterian missionaries in Meshed. Were their present force increased seven-fold these missionaries would still number only one missionary for every 50,000 people, without going beyond Khorasan. ]'ive new missionaries a year for the next seven years is the conservative but probably the hest general program for expanding the work in Khorasan. If, in the next two or three years, Afghanistan should be opened, as it may be, then this rate of increase should be doubled.

The fact that the people of Afghanistan read and speak the Persian language is already giving the missionaries in Khorasan a unique advantage. Pushtu, the distinctive dialect of Afghanistan, has approximately the same relationship to Persian that Scotch or Gaelic has to English. Consequently Persian books and newspapers are widely read in that still closed land. From the American mission hospital in Meshed, in one year, 1791 copies of Scripture, most of them in the Persian language, were sold to visiting merchants from Afghanistan, a:p.d by .them were taken across the border and sold among their countrymen. The hospital at Meshed has many patients from the land of the great Mogul. At one time, and in one room, there were four hernia cases from the city of Herat.

A GREAT TASK FOR A LITTLE STATION The little mission station in Meshed, with never more than five missionaries, has undertaken to do extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating. The dotted lines on the map of Khorasan show how extensive these journeys have been. Two large cities, Tun and Tabbas, are still unvisited. They lie f·ar to the south, across the desert, in a region famous for its dates and oranges. Most of the other cities have been visited repeatedly and the people ha,ve bought hundreds of copies of Scriptures. They have shown a friendly interest in Christian preaching, and in some cases have urged the mission-

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL

aries "to come and stay." In Salzevar and in Nishapur particularly, substantial offers of help have been made if medical mission work could be started there. In Khorasan there are some seven cities in which stations could be started at once if the missionaries were available.

The English government has now extended a new railroad through Baluchistan, practically to the border of Persia, and has made a road for motor cars as f,ar north as Turbat-i- Haidari with the idea of extending this motor road on to Meshed. It will thus be possible for the Meshed missionaries, when equipped with light automobiles and la motor ambulance, to do much more extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating among the cities and villages along the border of Afghanistan. This will be in great contrast to the long and wearisome journey of eight hundred miles, on pack mules and running camels, made a year ago from Meshed to the terminus of the new English railroad. The journey was then made slowly, in seventytwo days, allowing opportunity for preaching and the selling of about 1,200 Scriptures in six cities and thirty-five villages.

THE SACRED CITY OF MESHED The map of the city of Meshed shows the location of the sacred shrine, the precincts of which only Mohammedans are allowed to enter. The American Presbyterian Mission Hospital was started in a rented Persian house, about ten minutes walk from the shrine area. About one hundred thousand pilgrims visit this shrine every year and more and more of them arc coming to the hospital, <both for treatment and to buy Scriptures. Fifteen thousand patients a year are treated in this hospit'al and as many as seven thousand copies of Scripture have been sold in Meshed in a single year.

While Meshed is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been eS,tablished, the opposition of fanatics has been much less noteworthy than the v.ery general appreciation shown by many thousands of the people. A striking example of this is the fact that two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission wdrk has been paid by the Persian people. , The American hospital took the lead in feeding the starving multitudes of Meshed during the recent famine. Last year when one of the missionaries, Dr. Lewis F. Esselstyn, died of typhus fever, the people said of him,"He gave his life for us." Will not the Church of Jesus Christ, wllo gave his life f,orthe people of Khorasan a:nd ifghanistan, respond to the need, of these ten millions of people who are ignorant of the Gospel and without its blessings ,

Opportunity Among

BY REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D. D., NEW YORK Secretary, Department of English-speaking Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society H OW can we at home do most for the men who are being demobilized and at the same time bring the greatest benefit to America and to all nations 1 The national government proposes a system of cooperation with State governments in what they name Soldier Settlements. This is an undertaking of profound social significance.

Food production is the basic business of civilized life. This is true not only because human existence depends upon it, but also because human character depends upon it. Food production and character production are more than concomitants, they are coefficients. The upward way of the human race from savagery to barbarism and from barbarism to civilization not only has been marked, but also has be'en, caused by the climb from the hunting to the nomadic stage and from the nomadic to the agricultural. This trend is so deep in the blood, so eternally genetic, that the best thing you can do for a boy or a man if you want to stabilize his character in its finest and most productive qualities is to put him into intimate contact with growing things. The home mission agencies should never be deflected from putting major emphasis on the complete Christianizing of agricultural settlements. Just now that is the most powerful reconstruction measure for returning soldiers. Having of necessity drilled them for months in the awful art of destruction, the most redemptive of services now is to re€lliist them in the business of production.

Another intimately spiritual aspect of the matter is the necessity for increased food production. The human family can not go on rising to higher levels without an ample supply of bread. Brains without bread are impotent. The pinch of inadequate 'nutrition is not as remote as we could wish. Years ago, that railroad statesman, James J. Hill, made the burden of his economic message in articles and books the fact that our food productIon has been nowhere near keeping pace with our growing population necessities.

Even in the United States we can no longer go on blindly ignoring that ominous fact. The war has shocked us awake. .At last' all men, not only thinking proletarians but even the most sodden theologians, have come to see that food supply is a matter of spiritual concern. We have even learned that it is preeminently 270 Christian to provide food for the whole world. Agricultural betterment is of the very substance of loyalty to Him who called Himself the Bread of Life and taught us to put as a constant element in our worship the prayer for daily bread. The Soldier Settlements summon us to make a new start in proclaiming the full gospel- and embedding religion in the very structure of whole neighborhoods.

A third consideration showing the promise of Soldier Settlements for the Kingdom of God is the fact that demobilized men naturally turn to the conquest of the land. The men of the American Revolution after winning national independence swarmed over the Appalachian Mountains for the winning of personal independence and led in the occupation of the eastern West. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln, bred in the old West and knowing the needs of both the country and its men, signed the Homestead Act by which the new Central West was thrown open. War trained men were the foremost force in creating the mighty commonwealths between the Great Lakes and the arid zone.

Now after the Great World War, what is to be done to give similar outlet to the virile forces which come back in khaki? A few days ago I talked with a young man of active mind, who said that he and many whom he knew wanted to ge,t on farms. They had been living out of doors, doing hard physical work and bringing something to pass. The volu~tary element in the situation and its appeal to high ambition, make it fit in with the very substance of religion.

A fourth factor making the Soldier Settlement plan an unprecedented opportunity for demonstrating what Christianity can do, is the fact that such settlements are creatable only by a supreme exercise of the principle of brotherhood. Our government is preparing to create Soldier Settlements by immense cooperative projects. Tl).e old days of vast, well-watered and unoccupied areas no longer exist, where sturdy men could carve out homesteads for themselves by purely individualistic methods. Yet there is in America an abundance of fertile soil which can be made available by social action. Vast stretches of desert and of swamp have almost unbelievable depths of the richest kind of soil, still larger areas of logged-off land have abundant soil, but are occnpied with great stumps of the kind that would not rot out in two lifetimes. Immense capital, great engineering systems and organized armies of laborers are indispensable to the conquest of our still unconquered resources for the production of food and of character. One incidental advantage of the undertaking is that it will require that multitudes of our demobilized men be immediately remobilized for campaigns of- construction. One of the redeeming features of

the war has been the habit of unseliish brotherhood engendered by camp and trench and united onset. All the people cooperatively must open the unsubdued parts of our country for the returning soldiers in such a way that every man can have a fair chance to win and pay for an equipped, productive farm.

Again, the Soldier Settlements, if rightly handled, furnish a key to the entire problem of social reconstruction. It may unlock several essentials. One is the provision of adequate food and clothing at payable prices. This is essential for our congested urban populations. Only a people fed and clothed can consider questions reasonably. The burning questions of the immediate future will be answered with frantic passion if multitudes are hun- gry and cold. • Another essential is that the portion of our working population comprising the largest number of anyone kind Of manual workers be in an optimistic mood, namely, the agricultural contingent it- self, i. e., 35% of our entire population. For years rural life had been deteriorating. In our century strenuous efforts have been made by various nations and agencies, including home mission boards, for the betterment of rural conditions. Now is the time to give those manifold, maturing plans a rapid realization through the creation of the Soldier Settlements on the best lines known, start- ing them de novo, without the fearful drag of hardened habits.

Another essential of the coming kingdom of heaven on earth is the exaltation of manual occupations till they ·are seen to be divine, employing mind and will as well as muscle. Agriculture is the manual vocation most readily capable of such spiritualization. If we put the men-mill men, office men, college men-who gloriously dug the battle trenches in France, to digging irrigation trenches in Arizona and drainage ditches in Louisiana, then to turning the swamps and deserts into model farmstead communities for them- selves and their loved ones, we can do more in the sight of the whole world, as well as in the sight of God, during the next ten years than in one hundred years under ordinary conditions..

It is hardly needful to add that the proposed Soldier Settle- ments provide not only an opportunity, but Without question an im- perious call, for inter-church cooperation. The governrilent does not prohibit the free exercise of religion by any individual· or group of individuals. At the same time, if the denominations al- low themselves to be drawn into the expenditure of the sacred funds given for the extension of Christ's Kingdom on earth, into mere competitive, sectarian rivalries, they have committed treason to a holy trust and will be condemned. Here is the opportunity for us. to say at the creative hour of new communities: Cooperation is the law of Christ. . If any two or three inhabitants of a Soldier

CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS

Settlement want to have a church of their own and support it themselves, it is nobody's business but theirs and God's. But. if they should call upon home mission agencies to support them with missionary money the responsibility would be transferred to the Boards and they would have to answer for the misappropriation of funds if they used money for such a purpose.

It is impossible as yet to tell how large a task is laid upon home mission agencies by the proposed Soldier Settlements. But enough is ascertained to suggest immediate dimensions. After subtracting the areas now improved and the other vast areas which are unavailable for agriculture, we have 372 million acres of unimproved land which can be brought under cultivation. In order not to be staggered by the magnitude of the problem let us say that only one-tenth of that area, or 37 millions acres, are likely to be subdued in the immediate future even by the demobilized army. In some of the irrigated tracts 10 acres are enough for a family, 40 acres are enough in a large number of cases. But suppose that the average is to be 100 acres, a large allowance for the new intensive farming. That would mean 370,000 new farms. How many new churches will that require? The majority of the new settlement churches in the past have begun with less than 25 constituent families. But assume four times that manv for the new non-competitive order,L e., one hundred families to' a church a~d six families on each square mile. With the church at the center several of the one hundred families would be four miles away. These conservative figures show the necessity for 3,700 n~w churches in the next few years.

But the number of churches is not the main thing. They must be of a new type. Even if they were confined to the old lines of church life, the churches for our men from France would have to be of a commanding strength which few frontier churches had in former times and they must have a corresponding outlay for workers and equipment. Can we serve the men who have saved the world with the aid of manifold new instrumentalities. and not give them the best that the Spirit of God has given us iIi ideals, methods and equipment for embodying the whole round of religion 7 The one-celled meeting-house of the old frontier and the singlebarrel shotgun preacher will not do for the men who have learned to cope successfully with the magnificent equipment of the world 'f! greatest military forces.

No one can look into the opportunity of the churches in connection with the Soldier Settlements without being oonvinced that it is an opportunity of the first magnitUde.

and Its Savor in China-II

Do the Chinese Make Good Christians'

BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China From Within"

O NE of the most appalling things that the itinerant missionary sees is the enactment of the "ma kiei" (the reviling of the Street). Usually it is done by a woman, who, cowed and dishonored, has endured abuse till she rebels-breaks like a whelming flood against a dam. Wild and frenzied, she rushes out into the street there in the presence of the neighbors fast-gathering for the spectacle to relieve her mind of one awful typhoon of vituperation; and, because heathenism has no gods worth cursing by, she likens the object of her wrath to all the lower orders of creation, big and little, four footed and two, quadrupeds and vermin. With her locks dishevelled, and tearing her clothes, her arms waving in frantic energy, and beating her breast, she reviles all the ghosts of her husband's ancestors and all his posterity to the nth generation. She curses every home on the stJ:eet, up one side and down ·the other-until she falls, frothing, often a physical wreck for life, or permanently blind as a result, or with a blood vessel broken.

I arrived late on Saturday night to worship over Sabbath in the home of a single Christian of the village. He was a fine old man, mellowed by sorrow and trial, and an elder. A cunning scheme was worked out by the village to humiliate him in the presence of the foreign "Shepherd." Newly dug peanuts were sunning on the threshing floor of a next door neighbor. A man sauntered up and -began to accuse the elder's wife, who was a heathen, of stealing several peanuts off that floor. As he taunted and vociferated, accomplices joined him; the din of shouting and recrimination increased in fury until the young bucks had the old 'woman wild in uncontrollpd and uncontrollable rage. Her raving was perfectly awful to see and hear. Before its climax was reached the whole village apparently had asspmbled, the narrow street was jammed with an excitpd crowd, gesticulating and commenting on the spectacle, common enough, but interesting now because of the foreigner. And as she collapsed the gang of heartless mischief-makers, leering, moved nearer her house and shouted into the gray-bearded elder: "This is the self-control and love of the er-kwei-tsi kia! This is the power of thp Jesus Doctrine!"

But the power of it they never knew. They thought he was a coward, afraid to come out and .become a part of the new flow of inflamed filth. But inside, he. was on his knees, and pouring out his soul to God for strength to love them and show them a good example.

274 Many members of the Catholic Church in China are village roughs and bullies who had grudges to pay; they are also law-suit promoters, who seek power and prestige before the magistrate in pressing cases backed by priests of the Roman hierarchy. Many of the members are unregenerates who, appearing for examination be- fore Protestant missionaries, were, recommended to more study; and, in pique at what is termed "loss of face," in not being received at once into church membership, they hastily offered themselves to the priest. I have examined a number, who did not know who Mary is, or even who is Jesus. But such were speedily baptized by the priest and entered at once upon interesting careers of zeal for the Church, which took the form of harassing Protestant Christians.

Repeatedly with clubs they have broken up our religious serv- ices; once, with guns, one of which was accidentally discharged by a rowdy into the arm of a pal, thereby causing the gang to accuse vf attempted murder a mild and innocent worshipper in that service.

He was in prison six months before the truth of his innocence leaked oot. '

Where they dared, their policy has been to terrorize humble, inoffensive folk. A poor woman whose husband had died and who was childless, was the only Protestant Christian in a village of one of our churches, where twenty families had suddenly become Catho- lics in order to successfully push a law-suit against a rival clan.

They threw all her chickens into her well, and committed a series of like outrages-petty to us, but great to her. In answer to her request to know wherein she had offended them they wrote: "Noth- ing, but we want you to know that we ar,e 'Ii hai' (fierce) and you had better clear out!" She did, leaving her small property to her spoilers.

Ill.. another village a gang of Catholics had sought to drive out a single Protestant family, burning their harvested wheat and their house, and lighting fires under their plow-ox.

The magistrate in a County near Tsingtau was in bondage of fear to foreign priests there. He did whatever they demanded.

They entered upon a systematic plan to use this official and their own rowdies to frighten our Christians either into recanting and joining their ranks, or else into moving out of certain desirable vil- lages. Our services were repeatedly broken up, the leaders carried off to the yamen, where they were imprisoned and bambooed and repeatedly tortured by the yarnen henchmen for blackmail.

Well do these Christian know that as Paul said: "Through tribulation they enter in.to the Kingdom of God."

Yes, these Christians endure, and without repining. A mis- sionary friend cites the case of Han Wu. Waylaid outside the village by his heathen neighbors, he was beaten until insensible and left there to die. Kind' Christian friends, hearing of the outrage,

took him up, and as they were tenderly laying him down on his brick bed, one of them asked: "Are you suffering much, Brother HanY" "Nothing like my Lord suffered for me." From the beginning the most powerful and fiercest enemies of Christianity in China have been the officials. To the national antipathy towards a strange religion coming in to usurp the place of the 91d, has been added the knowledge of foreign aggressions, the forcing of leases and concessions by their Governments, and the political indiscretions of the Roman Catholic priests. They have usually felt that, in the language of one official: "Christians are roughnecks, who need shaving with the heavy razor" (the headsman's sword).

Even Li Hung Chang could say: "I hated the foreign religion more violently than all other scourges in the world: and I prayed and hoped that not alone would the Taipings be destroyed, but that earthquakes, eruptions of mountains, and terrible fevers would make the Christian nations without a man, a woman, or a child."

A great Viceroy wrote: "Christians are rats of disease caught from the leprous missionaries of Canton; and they would run into all the holes of the centre and north and spread their vile malady. The lingering death of a thousand slices should be applied to. all those who have countenanced this foreign doctrine. If my own arms were not so lame during this season from rheumatism and other ailments of the blood, nothing could please me better than to take a place as executioner of the vermin."

Apart from the fact that Christianity was for them a troublebre~der, it has seemed utterly absurd to the Confucian Literati and officials of China. As Li Hung Chang put it: "It is a part of the Christian teaching that the "Heaven-Father" let his son come on earth and die for wicked people. Such teaching I If they would say he came and died for the good people, it would sound sensible, even though the rest of their doctrines are too absurd for a man with brains to give a serious thought to. If the gods are good and want men to be good, will they allow members of. their families to be killed like criminals for the sake of criminals? It has been long intimated that most of those foreign devils are .crazy, and I am beginning to believe it. But it is strange that they ehould be able to draw any of our people away from the old religion and old philosophy. I cannot understand how it is,. but I am sure this crazy fad will die out."

The officials have had numberless methods and opportunities to try in the dark, and without fear of exposure, to make it "die out." The authority of each magistrate in his district is practically absolute; and no Christian who would be brought before him would think of being so rash as to oppose his will.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

Often the persecution by fellow-villagers is intimately bound up with that by officials, because the latter can so powerfully abet and crushingly complete what neighbors have begun. For instance, in the case of refusal on the part of one of our Christians to pay a share or subscription towards a temple show, a subscription eCKorbitant and arbitrarily assessed him,-which he would have repudiated, even had it been smaller-the village elders sued him before the magistrate, who made him pay heavily and had his feet bam- booed for good measure. These unfair discriminations €CKtend from the most trivial affairs to the most serious. The young son of one of our Christians cut grass over the boundary line of his neighbor'S patch-by accident, he claimed. The regula~ fine for such transgressing was five tiao; but the village elders fined him ten. Immediately afterward two heathen were caught in the same misdemeanor, and they were not fined at all.

In one village, a heathen stole twenty-five tiao from a Christian. The amount of money, the time, and the place and culprit were all known to the official; but because the robbed was a Christian, he would do nothing.

"In another village we had two families wretchedly poor, whose men needed all their time to earn food. The roads were kept up well there, because they were in German territory. The Chinese road-master so alIated the work, as to make the heads of these poverty-stricken families work greatly over time on the roads. By an equitable arrangement their share of road-taCK, worked out in time, would have been a couple of weeks. They were made to do the portion of several heathen families-who escaped with no service and were not required to pay for substitutes.

In still another village some of our members started a Christian school j the magistrate would not start an official school there, yet he fined and punished them because they started a better one than his would have been.

More serious cases frequently occur. Roughs of a certain village organized themselves into a "Rei Yie Rui" (Black Night Society) . Disfiguring and breaking the smaller idols of the village temple, they strewed them, armless, headless, around the temple yard; also threw the larger ones on their noses in the dirt. They then went to the county official and accused a fellow-villager, a Christian, of being guilty of the sacrilege. Wh~reupon the Christian who-mark it-was well-to-do, was ordered to pay all costs of the law-suit, and a fine of 500 tiao, (which probably went into the mandarin's pocket) ; he was also ordered to repair the temple, and bear the expense of bringing a troupe of travelling players to the village'.

This sort of procedure is called by the Christians "rubbing in the salt, H in referenceto an ancient custom still extant in the yamen

of not only bambooing an innocent man, but also rubbing salt into the raw and lacerated flesh.

Incidentally, the officials understand perfectly their legal right to deal with Chinese subjects'· as they please-which right they usually exercise despotically, and practically there is no appeal. Since the establishment of the Republic the Ohinese are instructed no longer to "ka tou" before a magistrate. On the 27th of October, 1913, one of our Christians was hauled on a false charge before the Oounty official, who ordered him to "ka tou." He refused. And as he stood and bowed, he said: "I prostrate myself only to Jesus Christ, My heavenly Master!" For his temerity he was imprisoned and bambooed 400 strokes.

Moreover the magistrates can now with better face than formerly resent interference from foreigriers. Such interference often results in more pressure being brought to bear upon the persecuted and those close to him. Realizing the unwisdom of meddling in yamen processes, the policy long ago adopted by Protestant missionaries-hard as it has sometimes seemed to the Christians,-has been that of concentrating their efforts on praying with and for the unfortunates, and on instructing them in the Scripture attitude, and in exhorting them to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ.

Recently there has been much persecution by soldiers. During the Revolution the situation in Shantung Province was peculiar. Fourteen or fifteen of the provinces to the south were practically solid for the Republic. Shantung Province and those to the northward were filled wih Yuan-Shi Kai's German-trained Manchu Regulars. Not only was there little chance for the R~publicans to gain much foothold in Shantung, but the Manchu troops in small bands infested the country sides, dominating the villages and markettowns. The soldiers, in these small bands, removed from the eyes of their superiors, raided and looted and burned and raped without let or hindrance. The Christians were often the especial objects of their violence. Their voice was not to be heard, even had the authorities been willing to listen to such "trivial" matters.

. A certain general with his troops was qu~rtered in one of the walled cities of our field. I visited him and politely called his at_ tention to the fact that even our little school-boys, assuredly innocent of crime, were, at that moment, contrary to a proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty, manacled in a low, filthy den inside the yamen. He smiled incredulity. I knew, for I had earlier visited them in there. Some of their mothers were distracted with grief; sick from fear for their boys. His reply was: "We are after only the "tu fei" (ie. robbers). And all outrages, purposedly and definitely committed against Christians, as Christians, were explained away on that ground.

It was a sight to see Christians brought into and through a town tied to the tails of horses; to see a band of troopers dash up to a railway station, and on signal enter the train and haul out a man and execute him on the spot; to see headless trunks hanging outside city gates, and the heads in the moats nosed around by starving curs.

Those who read the vernacular papers in China, or are in touch with the foreign journals, cannot fail to be impressed with the con- dition of chronic anarchy and terrorism, due to organized bands of bandits, that obtains extensively in some section or another all the time in China. The names of many of these societies and bands are significant–names like "Black Tiger Society," or "Strong Ox Society"-suggesting their object which is to oppose Western learning and Christianity-all of which are rendering the classics, their use and teachings, obsolete. To this end they makl" a speciality of harrying and persecuting Christians. Many a country side has in the last year been terrorized by such proclamations as the following posted June 4, 1913. !'Black Tiger Faithful Right- eousness Society, Proclamation: .

"Because of the Government's persecution of the people this Society has twice during the last year fought against Sienyu and has won, but there is a class of people who are destroying the idols and the ancestors, and are therefore in constant opposition to our society. Our society has now collected a large number of men and will first destroy this class of people, and then will cross swords with the Government.

"Be it known to all people of this religion, that if I make a night attack anywhere, and you separate yourselves from this class of people, you will escape all injury. Stand aside and watch. If you do not do this, it will be difficult to distinguish one from the other, and all will be destroyed. I therefore issue this proclamation that all may know."

In other places, the robbers took all supplies of live stock and grain, and not only killed women and children, but took Christian men, and put them in the front line of fights, to draw the fire of soldiers; if these conscripted and unwilling fighters tried to flee, they were shot by their captors.

But there is a persecution that, in extent and sustained intensity, exceeds all the foregoing: It is the Hidden Horror of Heathenism.

It is called by the Christians "Burying alive." It refers to the treatment of Christian daughters-in-law, in the families of lieathen mothers-in-law.

A baby girl, while her parents were yet heathen, has been be- trothed into a heathen family. In the course of time her parents became Christians; she was given a chance at school, and grows up, trained and winsome, with the laudable ambition to make her own

home a real Christian home. But her parents dare not break the cont~act; and she is tied for life to a peasant boor-uneducated, unsympathetic, coarse and brutal. Until he lifts the heavy veil cloth, following the marriage ceremony, he has never seen her; possibly is considerably younger, perhaps at marriage is still a boy. For the Christian bride it is a living death-the steady, relentless pressure, glacier-like, of nagging and contumely. The young wife is supposed to have swallowed a "magic Jesus Doctrine pill," and the only way to get it out is to work it ,out. This the family set themselves, through heaping drudgery and abuse upon her, to do. All the members have a hand in the process, even the younger female relatives.

A woman, converted in one of 'the meetings I was conducting, confessed there with agonized weeping that for ten years she had made life as nearly unendurable as possible for her oldest sisterin-law, one of our best Bible-women.

A charming Yo.ung woman in one of our churches,-an unusually good teacher she was,-on her marriage was repeatedly threatened by her husband. Daily bran~i'shing a knife before her, he daily vowed that he would cut out her heart, if she did not recant. Finally, because of her religion, he divorced her-putting her into an unspeakably disgraceful and helpless condition for a woman in China; Humanly speaking, it would seem as if the lamp of faith of these girls:..-unbefriended, abused) hated,-could only feebly flicker, to be ultimately snuffed out. Few other situations so remind one of a ,doomed man, caught in quicksand and inexorably sucked down, slowly sinking out of sight-and yet these women rarely go under.

Ultimately these testimonies induce profound respect for the individuals and for their faith. Officials, though persecuting, are favorably impressed. There have been school-boys, who, alone out of many schools in their city, when parading and ordered to enter the temple of Confucius, and, along with their Government School fellows, worship the image of the Sage, refused to obey the magistrate's command. They expected to be bambooed for their courage. Instead they were presented by the magistrate whom they defied with a silken banner in tribute to their courageous adherence to convictions.

To endure persecution for righteousness ' sake and to reward good for evil, is, as a principle and as a phenomenon, strange to heathenism. And, while the heathen do not understand the reason for this' attitude, they yet respect it. It was this attitude that, during Boxer days, caused tormentors to cut out the hearts of martyrs in order to look for the secret of martyr-courage. It is that which today has caused officials to say to our Christians: "We know no Gods who are worth suffering for!" Ah, but our Christians have answered, "We know One for Whom we would gladly diel"

Coope, Sky Pilot to San BIas

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY,'NEW YORK Author of "Holding The Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," Etc, A NNACOOPE is a heroic missionary, whose dauntless courage is akin to that of Mary Slessor. She worked in obscurity until the Latin American Conference at Panama in 1916 revealed her to the Christian world. Among the San BIas Indians on an island off the coast of the Republic of Panama, "Miss Coope swept in like a sea breeze," said Robert E. Speer in quoting from one of her addresses, and James H. McLean was so impressed with what God had done through this one woman, that he appended a brief sketch of her life to his text-book, "The Living Christ in Latin America."

Anna Coope was born on May 31, 1864, at Bolton in Lancashire, England. She was the firstborn of her parents but received scant welcome because she was not a hoy! Like David Livingstone and Mary Slessor she was early put to work at the loom and like them, she had an insatiate appetite for reading and study.

She did not come from a Christian home. Her mother cared little for religion and her father, though he had been brought up by a godly mother who prayed much for her children, was bitterly opposed to Christianity. Nevertheless Anna early became a seeker after God and a worker for Him. When she definitely accepted Jesus as her Saviour, at the age of seventeen, her father frequently threatened to turn her out of doors. Many a night when she was at church he locked the door and dared her mother to open it. But the mother always crept down and let the daughter in, thereby calling down a storm of wrath upon her head. Yet the girl loved her father and prayed for him, feeling sure that some day he would be saved.

Miss Coope's interest in missions began at the age of seven or eight. On one of those rare occasions when her father reluctantly allowed her to go to Sunday-school with a little neighbor girl, she heard a lady tell about the children of India who knew nothing of Jesus and His love for little children. "Why doesn't somebody go to tell them1" she asked. "I would go jf I were big enough. When I get big I will go! "

"From that day," she says, "I was marked for a missionary to the Indians somewhere. Hencefor1;h that was my star, my *Anna Coope; Sky Pilot of the San BIas Indians. An autobiography. With map and illustrations from the author's photographs. 12mo, cloth. 180 pages. $1.25 net. American Tract Society, New York.

281

goal. " This purpose was further developed by a little magazine, "The Life and Explorations of David Livingstone," to which her father subscribed later on. "He read it because he was interest- ed in the exploration scheme," she says. "But I read it because David Livingstone preached .Jesus to the poor Africans. What did I care about the source of the Nile T I wanted to find the source of salvation! Livingstone became my hero and I deter- mined that I would be a missionary after I had fonnd out how I could myself be saved."

The purpose to be a missionary, however, did not come to full fruition until after she had removed to America with her parents and was settled in the little town of Edgewood, Rhode Island. Here in a small Adventist church where she had found spiritual food and fellowship, she heard missionaries returning from the W!Olst Indies speak from time to time. They invariably spoke of the great need of more workers and this at last proved to be her call.

These missionarips had gone out on the faith plan without salaries guaranteed by a Board and she had read the lif~ of George Miiller of Bristol and had been depply impresspd by it. So she decided to be a faith missionary and trust God for sup- port. Accordingly, after waiting patiently upon God to know His will in the matter, she announced in church one evening that she felt called to be a missionary to the West Indies and was going by the first boat she could catch' She had no idea what this would cost, nor d;d she stop to inquire. When ask(ld where the money was coming from she simply answered, "From God. He has called me to go and will pay all expenses."

The very next Sunday a working girl of the church put five dollars into her hand saying that she wished to share in the blessing. And that same day at the evening service, one of the deacons announced that he would be responsible for "our sister Anna's expenses to the West Indies."

Thus it has been ever since. Every need has been -met, every want supplied as promptly as in the days of the prophets and the apostles. Never once has God failed her. "I do not talk about my needs," she says "I never need to. I am to be about my Father's business and He Himself takes care of me. 'I'm the child of a King' and no bpggar. My Father can speak for me better than I can for -myself, so I always let Him do it."

On October 2, 1897, she sailed from New York with a party of missionaries bound for the West Indies and stopped with them at various islands holding meetings and distributing tracts. At a conference of workers held in the Barbadoes in January, 1898, she heard a young woman from Bolivar, Venezuela, tell of a tribe of degraded Indians on the banks of the Orinoco who had no mis-

ANNA COOPE, SKY PILOT TO SAN BLAS INDIANS

sionary and wanted one. This appealed to her, and after waiting upon God, she decided to go there. But the way did not open at once and in the summer of 1900 she was called home by the ser- ious illness of her mother.

She found her mother nigh unto death and still without hope in Christ Jesus. It seemed too late, but Anna Coope prayed to God pleadeq. with her mother, and two weeks later she accepted salvation through Jesus. It was a time of rejoicing, and during the three weeKs that the mother still tarried on earth, she preached Christ to all who came to her bedside..

Her death laid upon Anna Coope a new duty-the care of her father who was now past seventy. For six years they lived comfortably together in their little home, she taking up her old trade of weaving linen to pay expenses. The old man was as bitter as ever against religion, until he was laid low by a paralytic stroke. Then one morning before daybreak, he suddenly said, "Anna, get your Bible and teach me the way to heaven!" Gladly ~he did so and within an hour this hardened old sinner of seventy- eight had accepted Christ as his Saviour. Thus were answered the many prayers, not only of his daughter, but of his godly old mother as well.

Though it was only four 0 'clock in the morning, the daughter, in a wild delirium of joy. at once sat down to write the news to her friends, among them a preacher in the West Indies who had insisted that she ought to put her father in a home for the aged and l"eturn to her work. "I told him," she says, "that though this man was my father, I knew he was a great sinner, and that I felt that God had given me this heathen at home to convert before I could go to the Indians; and that if I wanted God's blessing I must do the duty that lay right before me."

At eight that same morning, the old man began to preach Christ to his nearest neighbor, and during the nine days of life that remained, he lost no opportunity of telling how Jesus had saved him.

His death left his daughter free to go in search of the In- dians on the Orinoco and within a month she had sold the little home and all its contents. Part of the proceeds she sent to India and Japan to work where she could not go in person. Then in November, 1907, she sailed again for the West Indies. The way was blocked to Venezuela, but hearing through a colporteur of a chief on the Orinoco who had bOllght a Spanish Bible and wanted 11. teacher she was the more determined to go. Presently the way cleared and accompanied by three colored girls, she began the long-talked of journey. .

The voyage up the river proved perilous and trying. But her courage did not fail. God had said l{ Go," and she went trusting

Him to take care of her. As she went she preached Christ, rarely to crowds but constantly to individuals-rough boatman, Spanish traders under the influence of liquor, and heathen Indians who had never even heard the name of Jesus. And, unpromising though the material seemed, God gave her souls for her hire.

But her faith and courage were often tested. One night when obliged to sleep on the sandy bank of the river, she was awakened by the excited twittering of the birds in the bushes nearby. Almost immediately a great black and yellow snake came gliding by. It was quickly dispatched by one of the boatmen, but her terrified girls insisted that its mate would soon come in search of it. "What if it does?" she cried. "The birds will notify us. God has ,evidently set special guardians around us."

Another night when she was preparing to sleep in an uninhabited adobe house, she found that the palm-thatched roof was alive with spiders, bats and whip-snakes! At first she hesitated, but being assured that these things were not dangerous, she spread her cot and slept all night without harm.

No:r was she afraid of savage men. One mght when she had played on her little folding organ and sung until she was hoarse for a fascinated crowd of some 150 wild Indians who would not go home, she lay down on her cot without undressing and was soon fast asleep. Opening herey;es at daybreak she found them still there, as motionless as wooden images! They had been there all night and her girls had not slept at all fearing lest they kill her and scalp them.

"Where is your faith?" she cried. "We are on business for the King and has He not promised to take care of us 7 Don't you see how He has guarded us every step of the way? He has protected us from snakes and all things hurtful and now has let these men stand guard over us all night to protect us from we know not what danger."

At the village of San Isidro she found the tribe she was seeking. They welcomed her kindly, but the chief was very ill and told her she had come too late. He was apparently dying and she was overcome with grief. But a great wave of faith filled her heart and she besought God to let the chief live in order that his soul might be saved. Almost immediately he began to improve. A few days later he came to see her in her tent and that same day accepted Jesus as his Saviour. But, alas! after four months' consistent living, he "went to be with Jesus" and her work there was brought to a close. According to the custom of the Indians, they burned many of their huts and went to the mountains where they would remain scattered until a new chief was appointed. She begged to go with them, but they were not willing. But they

191'9] CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO

thanked her. for coming to tell them of Jesus and promised not to forget.

From Isidro Miss Coope Wlent to Bolivar City where she found a package of mail. Through a clipping in one of the letters she was led to go to Colon in the Republic of Panama where she heard of a group of San Blas Indians who were asking for a woman missionary to teach them. This proved to be her call to permanent work, and after some delay she went to settle among them.

Alone and unaided she entered upon the work of transforming a tribe of some 800 Redmen among whom the forces of Rome and rum had been working ruin. There was much opposition at first and the story of her adventures in the launch in which she made her first trip to her field is one of the most exciting in the literature of missions. More than once her life was in danger, but through God she won the day. By and by the opposition ceased and she was left sole master of the field. She has really done a great work for these Indians. Though she is preeminently a soul winner, she is not unmindful of the material needs of her people.

"They tell me," she said at the Latin American Conference, "that I have no results because I am working for the souls of these Indians-no economic and social results. But when I came to my island there were no roads, only paths where the Indians walked duck fashion. Now there are wide roads crossing the island in both directions where they can walk twelve men abreast. Then there were eight saloons, now there are none."

Her autobiography is a gold mine of stories. Among them is that famous one that has been going the rounds of the religious press (without giving her name or station) of the parrot that came to school and learned to sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers" so quickly that it helped to spur the children on.

Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS Professor Hutchins is giving Bible addresses in China and India while on a tour of the mission fields of Asia with Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

-Editor.

W E t:eached the Japanese capital on Christmas afternoon. Merle Davis, the honorary secretary· of the Y. M. C. A., guided us in an automobile through miles of muddy streets. The cold penetrated our heaviest winter clothing, and yet the shops were almost all opened to. the weather. The merchants crouched over their hibachis, or charcoal braziers, try-

ing to keep warm. Boys and women with feet absolutely bare walked .on their clogs, pitiably uncomfortable. We stopped at a charming little street of toy shops which served as the approach to the great temple of the goddess Kwannon. As we passed under the temple gate-way, we came into the more sacred enclosure, in which all day long merchants and money changers, sellers of pigeons and of little images of the goddess ply their trade. The temple, alas, was closed for the day, so that we did not see the image, whose body has been largely rubbed away by devotees who have touched that portion of the body which in them is suffering pain.

We were then driven to a slum which few foreigners ever see. The main streets were wide, there were no sidewalks, and the mud flowed right up to the little open shops. Leaving our car, we struck into a lane perhaps six feet wide-one mass of sloppy mud, in which one's rubbers slipp'ed off, failing (as Christian Science fails) just at the crisis when needed. Here and there were dim lights, by which we worked our way into a still narrower lane, and struck a section than which there is nothing more deplorable in Tokyo. On both sides of a muddy path were tenements, each consisting of one room, separated from each other by paper, walled in front and back by paper panels. Each room was six by nine feet. Beneath was stenchful water. Here was a middle aged man, lying under a blanket, while his boy, getting under the blanket at the man's feet, crouched over for warmth. In another room sitting over the brazier, which smoked horribly, were a man and woman, and a baby crying quietly. Next was a room of the same size, in which an old man, with long gray ,beard, sat like a Buddha. He was blind. His wife met us with a bow to the ground, and with a gracious smile which would have befitted a queen. There was a little baby in a box, a god-shelf above the door. These people have two children at work, who return to sleep in . the same pitiable little room. Davis reminded the woman that it was Christmas, and gave her a little present, and the gentle grace with which she received it broke one's heart. It is now some 1900 years ago that the mother of our Lord suffered for such women. Above· one of the worst of these houses was a tiny roof garden, a last pathetic struggle for the beauty of the world.

We passed through a covered way, on the one side a cesspool and toilet, on the other side the communal kitchen. In wet weather the sewage drifts into the kitchen. We were now in a tunnel tenement. On either side of a roofed lane were tiny rooms. In one of these rooms, kept with exquisite care, were a father and

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN

mother, one half blind child and several other children. Everywhere Davis was greeted with rare and beautiful courtesy, which his own kind heart well deserved. Fifteen thousand people in Tokyo, we were told, live in misery like this.

We then were driven to a slum of a better sort. This was the lodging house section for the factory workers. We looked down street after street, lined with houses, in each of which we could see stall-like rooms, in which from one to six workmen would lodge. Many of these "hands" come from the country, spend a couple of years in the city, and often return to the country, demoralized and physically ruined. In all this worst section, with its nearly a million people, there is, up to date, no resident missionary.

It was good to get back to a Christian home that night, to see the children about the Christmas tree, and to know that one day a Christian Christmas might come to this, the greatest city of Asia.

How Turks Conduct an Orphanage 'ANTOURA: THE SHELTER OF A THOUSAND TRAGEDIES BY MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE American Red Cross Commission to Syria and Palestine I T may surprise many to know that the Turks conducted an or- phanage for Armenian and Kurdish children during the war. In the village of 'Antoura, in a beautiful valley of the Lebanon, twelve miles north of Beirut, an officially appointed Commission of the Young Turks gathered during the second and third years of the war nearly two thousand Armenian and Kurdish orphans. But what a vast difference there was between this institution and those conducted under Christian auspices. The commission subjected the children to a rigid system of training in the Turkish language, Turkish history, and the Mohammedan religion. Every vestige and as far as possible every memory, of the children's religious and racial inheritance was done away with. Turkish names were assigned and the children were compelled to undergo the rites prescribed by Islamic law and tradition. The girls were being trained in "Ottoman Kultur" in preparation for the harems of Turkish officers and notables. The boys were bea.ng trained as servants in the Army or Government.

Not a word of Armenian or Kurdish was allowed to be spoken by the children. Turkish ideas and customs were impressed upon the lives of the children, and they were taught the reasons contributing to the glory of Ottoman arms and the prestige of the Turkish race. Whenever a German or Turkish officer visited the orphanage the children must form a hollow square and shout: "Long

life to our King! (the Sultan) Long life to Germany!" The children were drilled in the genuflections and formulas of Moslem prayer and in the creed: "There is no God but .Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet." The little crosses which many of the Armenian children wore at their necks were destroyed.

The building chosen by the Commission was the large Boys' Sohool of the Lazarist Fathers in 'Antoura. Army officers were detailed to go to the concentration camps north and south of Damascus to select the children. I…outfi Bey was appointed director, and Khalideh Khanum of Constantinople, a lady of remarkable literary ability, furnished the teaching staff from her private school in Beirut, and Djemal Pasha delighted in having their photographs taken on the steps of the orphanage, surrounded lY the employed staff, as the.leaders of Ottoman modernism.

At the 'Antoura orphanage, on October 17th and 18th, 1918, nine days after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, nearly two thousand ohildren had decreased until there were only six hundred and sixty-nine orphans left-151 girls and 489 boys-Armenians and Kurds, beside 29 Syrians. All the rest of the two thousand had died during the .past three years.

Beirut and the Lebanon are now under a kindly and equitable French administration. The Military Governor has authorized Professor Stewart Crawfo'rd of the faculty of the Syrian Protestant College to become the director of the 'Antoura Orphanage. The boys and girls will be cared for in separate buildings and useful industries and educational classes will be organized. The children will be put upon their honor and gradually a plan of self-government will be worked out. They are already learning what American justice means. They have found out to their delight that Prof. Crawford is the best friend they have ever had.

This brief sketch gives only a very imperfect glimpse of the throbbing human need in these 669 lives. For the love of God shall we not share with these children the best things we have, shall not the Red Cross make the orphanage of a thousand tragedies into a home of ten thousand blessings' For the old people who have survived the wilderness marches we can do little. They instinctively brood over the past. But for these young lives there is aspiration and hope and energy. It is not too late to re-create by months of patient effort the childlike trustfulness which has been so rudely broken. Only the Great Shepherd Himself can measure to the full the value of these lives. Laying His hands upon them in benediction, He will call the children by their true names. For He knoweth them, every one.

and Religion "Over There"

BY PHILIP E. HOWARD, PHILADELPHIA President of The Sunday School Times Company I NTO what religious and moral conditions have our American soldier boys been projected in Great Britain and France? In the closing year of the war at any time about a hundred thou- sand Americans might have been found in the British Isles, in addition to the vast numbers in lhance. What may American churches learn from the British and French experiences of these critical years, so that the future may be marked by a more adequate provision for spiritual life and service?

On a tour among the British churches last year, I found everywhere large ~ngregations,-large by any standard in peace or war time. Nearly every one of the few men in the congregation were in uniform. The general withdrawal of men from the churchert has broken into institutional work everywhere, and to an unwontea degree women have been placed in executive positions in church work. The available men, too, have had very heavy additional demands upon their time· and strength, over and above the sharp pressure of the competition that belongs to normal life there. Through sheer weariness both men and women have been unable to do all they might wish in church work. Some are just managing to "carryon," with a nervous breakdown impending,-a very common condition at this moment among even these sturdy British Christian workers.

The problems of the war, political and material, have been so stupendous that one finds most men preoccupied with such questions. It has been difficult to steer conversation away from politics and war, to the inner concerns of the spiritual life of the churches. Few conversations turned in that direction naturally, even though it -was known that the group of men in our party represented the American religious press. Without very special inquiry, we should have heard little about the life of the churches, and often it required a distinct effort, ev,en with clergymen, to hold the conversation to inquiries affecting spiritual things. When interviews were especially arranged to discuss the subject, we heard in the fullest, most explicit ways, the experiences and views of British church leadership, but on other occasions political questions were more absorbing than any other.

The war has lowered moral standards. You cannot touch the sexual vice question in conversation with any well informed person ., in England or Scotland, or France without making that discovery.

Not only is there little evidence of effective civic restriction of the social evil, but there are not the effective efforts in widespread evangelism which might reach thousands. The awful pathos of the whole pitiful vice business is a heartbreaking burden to many British and French evangelical leaders, and the physical and spiritual sacrifice of manhood and womanhood goes on. One wonders why large and decisive measures are not taken to evangelize the most needy neighborhoods and why there is not a more effective government restriction of vice. The harvest will surely be a bitter harvest, if present conditions are allowed to prevail.

One British editor expressed the opinion that we are suffering from an infection throughout the world,-the spread of spiritual anarchism. We know enough of the popularity of false religions in America to keep us very humble about our individual and corporate achievements in matters religious. Nowhere have I seen greater devoutness in worship, more serene bearing of keenest sorrow, or more intensity of individual spiritual service than in England and Scotland.

In many of the camps abroad the progress of religious work has not been adequately carried out by workers who gave it only a decidedly secondary place, while the boys themselves were receptive to straight Gospel talks and personal evangelism. Some men have however done extensive evangelistic work in spite of every hindrance, and have been greatly used in the saving of thousands.

The soldiers have not been dodging the Gospel. Some of these fellows who were facing death were disappointed when they did not hear what they most needed. We are thankful for the thousands who have been told in hut and camp and dug-out, and on ships at sea, how they may be ready to meet God face to face and live.

What will the American churches give these boys who have been up the line and are coming back home T The French Protestant churches have been hard hit by the war. Many church buildings have been destroyed or damaged. A distinguished army chaplain in the French forces to)d me that the moral tone of the soldiers had been lowered, while a Protestant pastor set forth with great fulness the need of fundamental Bible teaching in France. The encroachments of a Germanized theology long ago began their undermining work among the Fren~h theological students and the results now appear in the lack of spiritual vitality in many churches. This Protestant pastor urged for France a type of Bible Institute where fundamental Bible truth is taught, such as is found in various parts of America, and where the simple principles of Christian work are made the foundation for training in. church activities. French Protestantism needs much material help in the reconstruction of its church

WAR AND RELIGION OVER THERE . Z91

edifices, an,d in strengthening the hands of the courageous evangelical leaders in planning strong evangelistic and Bible study movements throughout the field. It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of these French churches that their offerings for missions have suffered but very little during the war,-only a sixth or seventh less than the pre-war income,-in spite of the fact that so many of the parishes have been impoverished or destroyed. The evangelical pastors constitute a brave band of workers, serving in the midst of much indifference, and with only about a half-million adherents in a population of some forty-five millions. I was assured that the number of French Protestants in important posts of government service is much larger than the disproportionate size of the evangelical denominations would lead one to expect.

Two thousand American soldiers were on the ship on which I returned to America. Nearly a third were sick and wounded, limping about the decks on crutches, or lying helpless in steerage bunks. They were nevertheless a cheerful, brave crowd, and responsive to the straight Truth! Are we going to modify our Gospel, to suit what is reponed to be their desire for a message, or a church, different from the Scriptural standard T That will mean their disappointment if we do, and our lost opportunity. American churches will make a great mistake if they suppose that these returning boys want trivialities. They have been in dark places, and want light and good cheer, but they need and they welcome the glowing realities of the GospeL While the "Cedric" was swinging westward in a following wind and sea in mid-Atlantic I talked with boy after boy, in the forward hospital, stowed away in rough bunks in tiers of three, in dimlylighted quarters, with their cheery faces and maimed bodies. Leaning down in the semi-darkness I asked one lad if he had a copy of the New Testament. His eyes brightened, "Yes, sir, I have," he replied. "I brought it from home with me, and I read it clear through twice in the hospital." Others gladly received Testaments.

One tall smiling boy on crutches in answer to a question responded eagerly, "Yes Sir, I am a Christian, I started out from home that way, and I've remained that way, too!"

It means something to remain so, after the fierce testings of every sort through which these boys have passed.

I have yet to meet one man who has been at· the front who claims that the soldiers there are in sympathy with the preaching of salvation by their own blood, as a substitute for the blood of Christ. No church in England or France or America that is aware of the true needs of these men, will run saps and plant mines under the truths which form the ve-ry foundation and strongholds of the Church, but each must do all that may be done to make sure that these are held inviolate.

BY MRS. B. C.CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of' Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign IMission Boards THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE THE tragedy of the empty pew is how to inject into an invitation ever with us. There is no ab- which makes people want to go. sent treatment which avails for the Whatever the former is let us people who were not there. There- avoid it. Whatever the latter is let fore, as much responsibility rests on us acquire it. Verily, the art of the announcer and the notice-writer those whose duty it is to get the and the invitation-extended is no people to the meeting as on the mean art, but one that sadly lacks speakers who are to deliver to them cultivation. There are many volthe message. . umes published on how to speak ef- fectively, but few publications are A turnkey job in a mIssionary there on how to announce and invite meeting includes not only a good effectively, yet of what. use is a program, but also a good attend- speaker's eloquence if hearers are ance. Given a program that is lacking? worth while, the next step is to let people know about it by such effec- tive notices, announcements and in- The Personal Invitation vitations as will put an end to the tragedy of the empty pew. . No amount of general pUblicity One day I attended two morning and printer's ink can take the place meetings, at both of which an invita- of the individual invitation to in- tion to an afternoon meeting was dividuals. The Master's Kingdom given. As the first speaker made had its beginnings in personal invita- his announcement and extended his tions. One man found another and invitation I was conscious of a told him about the Messiah and weary, conscience-stricken feeling brought him to Jesus. The Samari- that I ought to go and of a martyr tan woman went back from the resolve to do my duty at any cost. meeting at the well into the city When the second speaker made his with a personal story about what announcement and extended his in- she herself had seen and heard, and vitation a wave· of regret swept over a personal invitation to others to me that I had already promised my- "Come, see." One of the best of all self to accept that other invitation, ways of increasing attendance at for here, indeed, was a meeting missionary meetings is for those worth while which I eagerly longed present to go out to enlist others to attend. Suddenly I realized that by personal invitation. At one meet- the two invitations were to the same ing only two persons were present.

meeting and I vaguely wondered why They did not postpone or adjourn.

there are people in the world who They met. When the meeting was issue invitations in such a way that over each went out to tell what a nothing save a stern sense of duty good meeting they had had and to could possibly induce the recipients invite more people to join them at thereof to accept them and, also, the next meeting. Before many what the indefinable something is months those meetings regularly had which some people seem to know a large attendance.

Z92

BEST METHODS

Living Tickets of Admission someone of the importance of attend- ing a meeting? Set for him the per- The "Bring One" plan is good. A suading of some one else. Ask every personal invitation to the May meet- member to phone three or four other ing given by each one who attended members, or possible members, from the April meeting means a double lists that have been carefully and attendance for May and a quad- tactfully and unnoticeably dis- rupled attendance for June. Try the tributed. plan of requiring "Living Tickets" at some meeting-the ticket which Three Methods Fill an Auditorium will admit each member being someone who is not a member. At a Several thousand people were asmeeting for men and boys make the sembled in an auditorium recently ticket which will admit a man, a in a meeting held under the auspices boy. Increase the attendance of a of the Laymen's Missionary Move- "Fathers and Sons" meeting by re- ment. quiring every father to have a son of his own, or a son borrowed for "How did you get such an atthe occasion, with him, and every tendance?" inquired some one who son to present at the door a father, had been to many meetings charreal or adopted. Similar ticket regu- acterized by fine addresses and lations for a meeting for women and empty pews. girls, or mothers and daughters, may induce a lively search for accredited "Humanly speaking," answered the tickets. secretary, "by three things. First, an announcement of the meeting In planning regular meetings, go sent -to every pastor in the city ::;ver the list of people whose attend- to be given from his pulpit. Seconcj, ance might be secured and divide the a paid advertisement inserted three names between members who will times in the city papers. Third, invite them most successfully. As- skillful publicity in the news colsign to each member at least one umns of these papers. We had a person whom she is to invite person- good story of the local committee ally to the meeting. which planned the meeting with an advance announcement several weeks Remember that the telephone is a before the date. Then, for about a registered missionary tool. Give to week, we had something every day various members a telephone "Call- which the papers counted "live ing List." Recently an important stuff"-pictures of the speakers; committee meeting of men was stories of their work, with a keen called. The chairman knew that human interest; reports of the sucevery man on the committee was cess of meetings in other cities along literally swamped with work and their way as they were coming to calls for more work, and that he us." simply could not persuade them that they could take time to attend that Unquestionably, one of the best committee meeting. So, he phoned notice-givers and invitation-extenders each man on the committee and in- is the daily press, and a good sign of stead of urging him to be present the times is the number of missionhe assigned to him the task of call- ary meetings one sees announced ing up three other men and convinc- in the papers. In addition to the ing them they must be present. Re- simple notices which should appear sult: each man in phoning his three in the Coming Events Calendar, or brought conviction to himself, and in its equivalent in the daily or weekly the busiest of war days that entire papers, it is well worth while to committee of bankers, business and provide special announcements of professional men walked in without special features cleverly written. Get one absentee. Would you persuade hold of writers who know how to prepare the copy for such stories,

so that the papers will print them eluding committee meetings and and the people will read them. meetings of sub-committees, from Recently a city editor hurriedly the pulpit. A once-in-a-while an- scanned with growing surprise the nouncement may gain emphasis if it story of a missionary meeting is not crowded into such a succession handed him for publication. of announcements that none of them "Publish it ?" he said in answer attract attention.

to the query of the minister who Here are some first aid sugges- handed it to him, "Well, I should tions which may relieve the pastor say so. We are used to paying of some of the long strings of things for the privilege of publishing that to be announced, and which may class of stuff." also make a more lasting impres- There was nothing sensational or sion than a vetbal announcement: overdrawn about it. Only some big Notices printed in the weekly facts skillfully presented. church bulletins.

That meeting was well attended Special cards of invitation to and the lives of many people were special meetings handed to the out- influenced by the great addresses of going congregation by the ushers.

the speakers of whom many of the Posters announcing special events people would not have known had it flung in the vestibule, church parlors, not been for this good bit of public- and other assembly rooms.

ity. UNUSUAL MEETINGS On the other hand, another meet- One day the young daughter of ing was held at which there was a preacher scanned with some disbut a handful of people. The news- favor the stereotyped announcement paper announcement was less than in her father's chu~ch bulletin, "On six lines, although there were .inter- Thursday at 3 :30 the usual meeting esting facts enough to have furnished of the Missionary Society." Then material for a full column in the she bravely dared to change the anhands of a writer of even small skill. nouncement to read: Often an interview with a missionary speaker can be arranged for a "On Thursday at 3 :30 the unusual reporter, which will arouse interest meeting of the Missionary Society," and give general information, for which the public has an unrecog- Ever since that day Margaret Apnized need. Recently a leading daily plegarth has been planning unusual gave nearly two columns to a mis- meetings and enlisting the unenlisted, sionary's interpretation of conditions interesting the uninterested, and in the Near East because of good teaching missionary lessons in an unpUblicity work behind the meetings usually fascinating way.

In this "Pod of Ps" she gives us at which he was to speak. some of her secrets.

We sometimes have in missionary Shelling a Pod of Missionary "P"s! meetings what the papers would call By MARGAR£T T. ApPL£GARTH a "scoop," and no one hears a word about it. If we rightly appreciated the psy- "Once a Preacher-Now a Bulletin chology of Paper, Pasteboard, Board" Paint, Paste, Posters, Postals, Save your Pastor from such a Fate Printed notices, Poetry and Pleasure, our missionary meetings would be There are so many notices handed better attended! The trouble is that to pastors that no wonder some so few of us ever travel through the preachers feel that they ire degener- pod to the last P, which actually ating into mere bulletin boards. ought to come first. The question Let us not expect our pastors to in our societies is: who will make announce every coming ~vent. in- the posters and postals?

BEST

" ~ APRI L In APTLL t~eTe ll1a~ be a ~"o"'t..,.., ].-1; ~et you-r urn b..-ella and ,-om. for a~ ~ ow,!..

"Not I!" says Miss WorksaUday j The eight other Ps are simpler. "Nor I I" says Mrs. I'mallthumbs j In buying paper or pasteboard choose "Nor I!" sighs Mrs. Babytakesallmy- lively colors rather than white, and time ; "Nor I!" giggles Miss Gads- right here let me offer an invaluabouttoteasandthings j "Surely not able suggestion: Did you know that I I" gasps Mrs. Makestheprograms- every year your church printer gives go; etc., etc. Nobody regards the to the ragman barrel after barrel of enterprise as pleasurable, and yet paper ends-de1ectahle colors in long invitations can be considered in the narrow strips, just the thing for wee same light as "fancy work," for in- invitations? A word to the wise! stance: something to be picked up Pasteboard for posters is inexpenin odd moments when there is "just sive-S or 10 cents a sheet, one sheet time to finish five more little cards" j being large enough to make at least they are no harder than tatting or two posters. Here again, colors atcrocheting, and exhibit infinitely tract the eye much sooner than palmore individuality. lid white. Curiously enough, paste is not nearly as much of a sticker to Try tucking a batch of colored pa- the poster-maker, as paint! Yet a pers, a pattern, a pair of scissors and little touch of color adds enora paint box into an attractive work- mously, and a little verse of jingle bag when you start to an afternoon poetry completes the effect. sewing party. Everyone will be agog with curiositv: "What are those Here are two suggestions for getcunning things? Party favors"? "What? Missionary invitations-oh, ting the posters made: get a Junior my dear, surely not, why, they're or Intermediate Sunday-school class charming!" "You must have a won- to adopt your society! At one of derful society, tell us about it!" "I their social events, which are oiten have some extra scissors, why can't such a problem for the teacher to 1 help cut some out?" "1 used to "pull off," divide the class into as love to paint, and 1 see you have two many group~ as you have posterless brushes-" (four or five, if you are meetings, and let each group be rewise!) and the pleasure end of your sponsible for the making, exhibitin~, pod of ps is shelled! and distribution of posters and inVI- tations on its specified month.

Rivalry can be maintained by each of the chairs but one! Tiny paper group keeping a record of the at- hymn-books pasted from hand to tendance < at "its" meeting, your so- hand of near neighbors adds an al- luring touch. The couplet is printed ciety giving a special party to the beneath the chairs. winners at the end of the year. This will do double duty, by training 3. When a special country is to be up a band of capable poster-makers! studied a train of toy cars can be But the same plan may be adapted tied to the lower edge of a poster, to the members of your own so- with billows of gray smoke belching ciety, all of whom should < be in- from the tiny engine. In the trail of smoke the printed words should apvited to a mysterious social: pear: "All aboard for Mexico!" (or whatever the land may be.) Date "'A study in Colors: by your leave, and place should be added, with the Will interest you Friday, we believe! names of the conductor, motorman Your fountain pen should be on hand, and guide. And a pair of scissors will be in de- 5. Individual invitations to a mand." meeting on Mexico may be small sombrero-shaped pieces of light On the eventful evening divide brown cardboard, with a red band people into groups, each group re- painted around the crown. On the sponsible for posters and invitations back: for their month. A clever idea is to have a large cardboard pale:tte "This little sombrero invites you to go (with the colors separate dishes of With us next Friday to Mexico." candy) in the center of which is 6. A poster for a meeting on the printed: American Indians may be a green background with some cone-shaped "Little drops of water, little dallbs of tepees, cut from light brown card- board, pasted in a row across the paint top, with footprints leading to one Make a poster int'resting to sinner and tepee. Below: footprints pointing toward a wig,,""{m are an invitation to saintl ' saying COME to our Indian Pow- Little deeds of handing invitations say- wow." If the meeting is to be held at a private home, the number of the ing 'Come' house may be put on the tepee flap. These tepee flaps may be painted in Make missionary meetinl!"s like a bee- gay reds, blues, yellows and greens, with black outlines to make them hive hum! show to advantage.

Whenever discouragement is in 7. Individual invitations to an Inevidence, the palette and its contents, dian meeting may be smaller tepees, plus the hopeful jingle, may enliven made by folding a piece of oblong tan cardbord tent fashion. the artists! Here are some practical sugges- . Touches of color on the flaps add to the attractiveness. If this is a tions easily carried out: Junior society the foHowing invita- 1. On a colored invitation card a tion may be written inside the tepee: picture of an empty chair should be pasted, or drawn, with this couplet beneath: "If you aren't there There'll be a vacant chair."

on (Date) …………………… .

(PIlICe) ………………….. .

2. The same couplet can be amusingly worked out for a poster, by tying a row of tiny toy chairs ( 10 cents a set at ten cent stores) across the top of a poster. Hatted ladies may be cut from a colored page of a fashion magazine, bent in the proper places, and pasted on all

l3EST

"Indian Pow Wow' 10. When Immigration is the pro- "Each squaw and each brave is requested gram subject it may be re-named: "God's Melting Pot," and 'the poster to walk show a large black pot with a cir- To our Pow wow next Friday to hear cular handle overhead, and tripod legs. Above the pot appears the some big talk." title; below, the words: For an older society this may be "Aren't y-ou curious to know what adapted to suit circumstances. We're going to cook in this black pot?"

8. For a meeting on American on Negroes in the cotton belt this poster (Date) …………………..•• on "Cottontails and other Tales" will (Place) ……………….•..•• be alluring: A gray rabbit (with a cute tail of cotton batting pasted in 11. A meeting on Africa may be the proper place) to head a yellow called "The Black Question Mark," a poster; under the rabbit, the couplet: poster for which should show a large black silhouette map of Africa, with "Brer Rabbit and Molly Cottontail the title above the map; below: Hope to meet you without fail" on "You surely can see that this land so dark (Dau) …………………… . Resembles a gigantic question ma,.k; (Place) …………………..• It's like to an ea,.-Iistening-sad- Waiting to hear some message glad." 9. If a program on the Highlanders is called "Our National Shut-Ins," 12. A program on Korea may be then try having a shoe-box attrac- called "A Bone of Contention," retively wrapped up, with the neatest ferring to her geographical position side turned outward, bearing the title and its historical outcome. Use and the words: good-sized pictures of two dogs ("His Master's Voice !") each eyeing "Shut in this box is a national sight a bone dangling between them. This Which on Friday we hope to bring to may be a real bone, or one cut from cardboard, tan-colored. In either light." case print "Korea" on it, and label one dog "China," the other "Japan." When "Friday" arrives the box Above the dogs print the title: "A should be opened and the contents Bone of Contention," underneath: discussed: home-made candles, homemade soap, home-spun cloth, home- "On Friday 'twill be shown smoked ham, pictures of Abraham Which doggie got the bone I" Lincoln, log cabins, beautiful mountains, mountaineer people, etc.

13. For Medical Missions, try a blue poster with a picture of a Red Cross nurse holding a real glass homeopathic pill bottle, full of candy pills, in each hand-tied on, of course. Each bottle should bear a label, one prescription reading: "For the Orient;" the other: "For the qc- cident." The couplet below the pic- ture states: 'lilI "She holds the pills For human ills." ,If, 4 J'IU"~l tnt. Let's jI:l'ct~e.J"1'l"ul:'iln.s' follow her career ., intti,r,riallu'fJC~af'( "Over There." (Date) •.•..•••••••••••••••••••• IIllmfiill.r·IIt-thl[;ll1l:HU (Place) ………………….•• ;,rflu-d?,."lo 14. For individual invitations to a t:r:l'~d,,saJldhJII}.ttv~$til'l!

medical missionary meeting it is FIGURE ~. simple to use little oblongs of colored paper folded into homeopathic pow- "Maid-of-all-work," with chapters ders. Before folding write the invi- re-titled : (1) "Home-maid," (2) tation inside. "Ready-maid," (3) "Custom-maid" (4) "Hand-maid," (5) "Maid-of- 15. A meeting on Japan may be honor" and (6) "School-maid." attractively announced by cutting Both poster and invitations for three pieces of differently colored "Home-maid" used the Chinese cardboard into lantern shapt';s. Paint house of figure 4, with the jingle: the supposedly lacquer parts in black, and divide the quaint title "Jap-o- Lantern" into its three parts, printing one part on each lantern, in type as Japanesy as possible! Each lantern should also bear a few details as to date, place and other particulars.

16. A meeting on China suggests FI ~URl= :, so many designs one hardly knows where to begin or stop! Houses, Maid-of-all Work is a little Home Maid, pagodas and people offer very allur- (Although she would faint if her wages ing shapes, both for posters and invitations. Little colored lanterns, were paid); with a string through the black lac- You'll find her quite quaint and exquer, may be used as invitation tags, ceedingly dear, and be looped to buttons in Sunday- If you'll come here next Friday to welschool. A program· on the people of China might be called: "Chinese come her here. Tails and Other Tales" (see figure 3 for poster design to be used on yel- (Date) …………………..•. low cardboard. Or try a row of fig- (Place) ..•……..•.••••….••• ures, each a different color.) A program on Chinese customs might be called: "Won't You Come Into My Parlor ?" See figure 4, showing a poster of a house cut from red cardboard, with a green doorway bearing the invitation. The roof is left red, the house part painted black.) 17. A set of six programs on this year's study book "Women Workers of the Orient" has been re-named

1919J BEST

18. The fourth program, "Hand- School-Maid is our brigbtest maid, maid," used for a poster two brown To whom great compliments are paid. cardboard hands (outlined from real She knows Geography, Arithmetic, Boob, hands) mounted on green cardboard, She even knows queer curves and books, and as invitations, brown card- Greek to us. but clear to her, board hands, with the jingle: This clever little Foreigner.

Ten small fingers has each Hand-Maid (Datil) ………………….. .. To carve her future unafraid I (Place) …………………. .. Although her job is still so new, She's doing quite as well as you. 20. A clever girl's poster for a Rally shows sunbonnet babies of (Date) ………………….. .. graded sizes wending their way to- (Place) ………………….. . ward a church, with the couplet: 19. For the sixth program, "School "Big girls, and Little girls, girls of Every Maid," the poster showed a sweet girl graduate carrying a diploma. size, (For this, any girl in white with the Come to our Rally if you are wise I" two sides of her dress painted black, and a black triangle on her head, is • Note: Before cuttinl' out lantern llouse or successfully camouflaged into a grad- doll shape. from good eardboard, it io wil. to uate !) The dipolma was a white experiment with a newspaper pattern firat. Tr,. scroll of narrow paper tied to her folding the newapaper, and ,tartinl1 IrQ'" tl" 100iJ dress with a bow of baby ribbon. For invitations, the diplomas alone draw half of til. objeet. Cut thu oul. and were used. This was the jingle used: when the fold is unfolded-behold a well·hal.need pattern!

• Other rlaluabl. "'1111""0'" fo, ifWi,.t'DnI and posters msy be .sectlrttl from ·'JliuiofIJWY Hp/;:r;.. .' .. t; 'l.'; Helps for J.."ior Lead"," by Margar" Appl.- 11M '" and Nelli. Pres<ott, I>tIblill…J M .., :r.~ ff::!o:~t!;tdb~-:.'·'t~n:, ::~' Miss Leavis and those 0"' Ihe Home Munon test ~:!'; 1j;~~1:::' ~~6 T;i"f°':t",,%:/' 'lJ:'Y/..":.

FASCINATING INVITATIONS Could anyone resist this fascinating invitation prepared by Miss Grace Walker, of the Women's Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church, for a meeting in Montclair, N. J.? A swift intuition comes to the fortunate recipient that the clever originality which produced the· invitation will produce also an illuminating program.

Miss Board of Foreign Missions is feeling very lad For she knows you have a ~evance, and it'. really pretty bad. She has lived so iong among you And has never thought, you see, That you really weren't acquainted With your Mission Family Tree I SO You're invited to a party, On Thursday next, at four; And tickets of admission Will be asked for at the door. Each guest please write a question That she thmks she wants to know. Miss Board of Foreign Missions will endeavor then to show How really interestinf. just a plain old Board can be. After which we'll all 'forget it" Wihile we have a cup of tea. Now "Tea", of course, does rhyme best But honestly, my dear, It stands for Christmas plum cake And other liquid cheer. Please make Miss Missions bappy For she's nervous as can be Lest you count her party "boreaome" And decline her cup of tea.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM:¢R, Montclair, N. J.

Representative of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION Monday, January 13th, at 2:30 p. m. and Tuesday, January 14th, at 10 a. m.

THE Annual Meeting of the Fed- sity of a broader outlook and a eration was attended by more greatly emphasized effort to reach than one hundred delegates and vis- "the Other Women" who have itors, rep res en t ing twenty-one never known the joy of this Christ- Boards. From the opening de- given service-perhaps because we votional service led by the President have hidden the Christ in our or- until the close of the Prayer Service ganization detail and have gone too on Tuesday the interest was well much "on our own way."

sustained. The "Preparedness" program No one who heard the splendid re- presented on Tuesday morning in- ports given on Monday need ask cluded a valuable discussion on "The what place the Federation will take Demobilizing Woman," opened by in the Foreign Mission enterprise. Miss Alice M. Davison; a paper by The value of specialized committees' Miss O. H. Lawrence of the Re- work-on Summer Schools-on Stu- formed Church in America, on "The dent Work-on Methods–and Inter- Home Church Woman"; a discussion denominational Institutions was of "The Professional Woman," in- plainly shown, while our star com- troduced by Mrs. Helen Barrett mittees-on Christian Literature for Montgomery; another on "Individual Women and Children in Mission Gifts," by Mrs. J. Sumner Stone, of Fields and on United Study of For- the Methodist Episcopal church; on eign Missions-gave us a glimpse into "Publicity" by Mrs. Henry W. Pea- a wonderful future of constantly in- body of the Women's Baptist For- creasing usefulness. The full re- eign Mission Society and a discus- port of these committees will be sion of "Finance" by various dele- printed as usual, and it would be gates. The prayer service was led advisable for every Board to send in by Mrs. Robert E. Speer.

orders at onc!! to Miss Leavis as the By following the New Program supply will be strictly limited to the suggested by Mrs. Peabody in a demand. Rainbow Campaign for Recruits we Please note the names and ad- will have an opportunity to reach the dresses of the new Officers and Professional' Women, the Doctors, Chairman: Teachers, Nurses and Welfare work- ers. This is an outline of t)1e plan: SeMcraedtaisryo,n AMviesnsue,VNer.noYn. CHityal.liday, 25 These women who would be so valu- Treasurer, Mrs. ]. C. Henley, 2137 Park able in the Mission fields' and on our Boards, are to be invited to a Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Chairman of Committee on Interdenom- supper-(Local Committee to find Patronesses who will give five doli1n5a2t0ionSaplruIcnes tSi tturet ieot,n sP- Mhilrasd. elWphmia., Boyd, lars for five suppers.) At the sup- Pa.

THE PR:¢PAR:¢DNESS CONF:¢R:¢NC:¢ per an appeal will be made by a was inspiring enough to make any missionary or Board Representa- shirker in the missionary cause feel tive on "The Call of the World To- unhappy-while it directed the atten- day" Six four-minute women will tion of Board women to the neces- answer the questions-Who? Why?

300 When? Where? How? Where- schools, local federations and sociewithal? (Six leaflets in rainbow envelope, price five cents, Miss Leavis ties show that the Program has been or Boards). valuable in setting forth the sub- A Recruiting Officer will present the call of the King and will display j ect. As a nominal price was a set of posters and pledge cards. The guests are asked to take home charged the cost has been little. It the souvenir envelope containing the leaflets and to sign at least one of seemed wise not to attempt to set a the pledges which should be read and explained. (Posters, fifty cents a set, date when Christian Literature Day Miss Leavis or Boards). would be simultaneously observed, Mrs. Peabody said in closing- "Now, after the roar and crash of but to ask that the Boards recomwar, after the blood and tears, God's Bow of Promise, His Everlasting mend to their constituencies that Covenant' may span all seas. We women may help to make the rain- this Program be placed at such a bow, for surely our covenant with Him is not to be a scrap of paper. time in the calendar of the local Our moment in the world's history has come. Are we prepared? If society as would insure the best not, then we are unworthy to be leaders of Boards and Societies, un- attention. We urge that further use worthy of our great Divine Leader. be made of the Program in 1919. It 'The tumult and the shrieking dies, The Captains and the Kings depart; may be obtained from Miss M. H.

Still stands thine ancient sacrifice, Leavis, West Medford, Mass., at A broken and a contrite heart. five cents each or $3.00 per hundred. Lord God of Hosts be with us yet, Lest we forget, Lest we forget.' In June the "Dollar Drive" was " 'And ye shall receive power after initiated to reach women and girls that the Holy Ghost has come upon you and ye shall be my witnesses unto in the summer schools and elsethe uttermost parts of the earth.' where, with a request for a dollar "The time of witnessing is here." each for the Book Fund of the LOUISE CHAMBERS KNOX, Committee, i. e., for the translation Secretary, pro tem. and publication of various small LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN books which have been suggested, Report of the Committee on Christian or to provide larger editions of 'Literature for the Women and Chil- dren in the Mission Fields books already prepared like, ·"The – CCORDING to the request of Sky Pilot," "Golden Windows," etc. A the Federation at its annual The little folder for this drive, meeting last January, a Program for Christian Literature Day in "Books for our Allies in the Orient," March was prepared in which Mrs. A. F. Schauffler, Mrs. Peabody and with its coupon attached, has been Miss Butler gave material assistance. Of an edition of 5,000, about circulated at various meetings with 3,000 have been distributed, through the agency of the Committee on good results, though we still need Publications. Report from summer additional gifts for this fund.

The plan to hold a circuit of public meetings early last fall was sadly interfered with by the epi- demic of influenza. In Pittsburgh, through the kindly cooperation of Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Mrs.

Crouse and others, Miss Flora L.

Robinson of India was given an opportunity in September to present the matter and to distribute liter- ature at the annual meeting of the Allegheny Missionary Union. In December Miss Clementina Butler spoke on Christian Literature at an interdenominational meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. .

October 31 a meeting was held in Boston, when the Committee had the pleasure of welcoming Mrs. Don- ald MacGillivray of Shanghai, editor

of Happy Childhood, and of hearing for Christian Literature for All also Dr. Patton and Mrs. Peabody. India, and now we urge that the At this time an appeal for money Boards especially interested in India to publish an illustrated "Life of contribute for this new work and Christ" for Chinese children met call the attention of their mission- with instant response,-a generous aries to its inception. Baptist friend giving the whole amount needed-$2S0.00. Mrs. Mac- Literature for China Gillivray is already at work upon this book which will mean so much Another tremendous enterprise to the children of China, as no beckons on your Committee to an other story of Christ's life, suitable enlarged field of usefulness in China. for little folks, is in existence. Some have already learned from In Philadelphia, the Chairman of Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, secretary the Committee waS enabled through Miss Lodge to arrange for a pro- of the China Continuation Comgram on January 10, in connection mittee, concerning the revolution in with the Day of Prayer. Other the written language in China, made meetings will be held in the Spring, possible by the adoption by the if found practicable, and the Com- Government of that country of a mittee is gratified to be able to re- phonetic system whereby 39 characport the large measure of interest ters are used instead of thousands, which results from even a small a plan which revolutionizes :!ll degree of publicity. The paragraph teaching, and opens an immeasurin the MISSIONARY RF;VIF;W for De- able vista of opportunity to those cember in regard to the "Dollar w.ho are trying to supply good read- Drive" brought response from all ing. There is a very definite propoover the country, every letter show- sition before the American Section ing a deep interest in this cause. of the Christian Literature .Com- mittee, asking for immediate and A Magazine for Indian Girls practical backing. It is estimated that there are approximately 7,000 A plan for· a magazine for Indian preaching places in China where girls and young married women. there are Christian teachers, and projected for some time, seems that if the United Church of Christ likely to be realized during the in China should shoulder this great coming year. The Committee has scheme and set about teaching this given $500.00 for its initiation in system to its teachers and col- Lucknow under the direction of porteurs, in an incredibly short Miss Flora Robinson and her 'sister, time there would be a "reading Ruth. It is designed for the stu- republic" in China, hitherto undents who go back to homes barren dreamed of by the wildest enthusiof all good literature and therefore ast. It has been demonstrated by will be published in English. It one busy doctor who used the plan will be placed at the disposal of the in his hospital, that absolutely ignorvarious mission Boards, with the ant adults can be taught to read hope that they may select the ma- in less that a month by this Aladterial best adapted for their own use, din-like method. translate it into the vernacular used in their districts, and republish it A very modest budget has been on mission presses,-the multiplicity submitted by the Christian Literaof dialects making it out of the ques- ture Council of China to the Ameri- can Section of the Literature Comtion to supply such magaz!nes. in mittee, who have in turn, asked the Woman's Committee to raise its the many .vernaculars. Thl;> new share of the. funds ne€ded. to proventure of .the Committee has the videa simplified literature for the sanction.. of· :the .-Natlon:if Coul'l'eil wem.en anil childi-en of China' under

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

this new system. The sum asked Friends' Clubhouse. Dr. Everett of us is $2,000 (Mex.), $1,000 in of the Medical School presided. The four-minute women included gold. Dr. Potter of the Medical School, The Woman's Committee has been successful in small ways, but Miss Rachel Lowry, Miss Panin the new world order has not coast and others. Philadelphia is the time come to make broader continuing with a series of Rainplans and to enter immediately into bow meetings. possession of new territory? The letter to the Woman's Board sent Washington, D C., held a Rainout last February asking that the bow meeting January 27th, and amount allowed the Committee be with more time secured an attendincreased in 1918, met with imme- ance of three hundred. Mrs. Mcdiate response from the Northern Baptist Board which doubled its Dowell, Mrs. Radcliffe, Miss Burgift of $100.00, with a promise of rell and Mrs. McGrew were delight- securing $500.00 for this Committee ful as four-minute women. Mrs. if the other Boards would follow. Wm. A. Montgomery presented the So far, we are not able to report a "Call of the World Today." Mrs. single Board which has met this Henry W. Peabody acted as recruitchallenge, although some of the ing officer, speaking on "The Call of smaller Boards have materially in- the King" and presented post- ers and dedication cards. Voluncreased their contribution. teers have followed and pledges of money as well as lives are coming in to the Boards.

NOTE: It should be here stated that . DeLand, Florida, held the next Rainbow meeeting. in the lovely the W. F. M. S. of the Methodist home of Mrs. Theodore Page. Episcopal Church supports Miss Laura Among the invited guests was a large group of college girls. One White of Shanghai, whose time is wholly result was the formation of four study classes to be led by the Dean given to publication and translation of the College and Mrs. Page. work, and that they will release also Chicago, with wonderful enterthe Misses Robinson for part time in prise and the fine organization of connection with the new magazine for the Middle West, responded to the call of Mrs. Steele, President of Indian students. the Federation, and gathered a Generous individuals are responding group of two hundred and fifty pro- fesssional women on February 21. to the appeal, but we need a more Plans are under way to place the definite and bigger policy. How can posters and leaflets in hospitals and we reach the constituency of the Woo colleges. Instead of the four-minute man's Boards with a call which shall talks, brief addresses were given by Dr. Tucker of China, Miss be commensurate with the need, and which shaH command attention? Laughlin of New York, and Mrs.

We are servants of the Federation and shall be glad to accept any suggestion for a move forward into the "great land to be possessed."

The Treasurer's report shows plainly that unless we can depend upOn in- creased gifts from the Boards, we shall not be able to meet the demands upon us.

ALICE M. KYLE, Chairman.

THE RAINBOW CAMPAIGN Silverthorne of Chicago. In Pittsburgh on Saturday even- The Campaign for Recruits, ap- ing, February 22, were two hundred proved by the Federation January and fifty professional women at a 14th, began in Philadelphia on Jan- dinner in the beautiful Y. W. C. A.

uary 23. Posters and Rainbow leaf- building. Among the four-minute lets were still in the printer's hand, women were Mrs. Campbell, Mrs.

but proofs were shown and the Isaacs and Miss Kinear. Mrs. Mary .

program given as planned. Two Clokey Porter, Chairman of the hundred invited guests ,tp.et in.. the….Rai!129.~.C.oPlmittee….of. Forty… had

planned also a great mass meeting work in cooperation with the Fed- for Sunday afternoon. One of the eral Council of the Churches.

leading physicians of Pittsburgh has The greatest innovation will be presented her resignation to the hos- that now the Alliance will attempt pital where she is serving and will to organize local Alliances in every sail for China in September. The community throughout America.

Committee of Forty will plan at In most communities there is no once for at least ten more Rainbow organization which interests itself meetings in Western Pennsylvania. primarily in international relation- Buffalo held the sixth Rainbow ships.

meeting on February 25, excelling These are critical days now that aU· in numbers. Forty patronesses the war has been won. There has provided a cafeteria supper for five been a decided decrease in idealism.

hundred young women who were We need to rally all the forces of personally invited. Inspiring music our churches and communities in and addresses brought enthusiastic support of the President and the response. best thinking groups of the Nation, Worcester, Massachusetts, plans who are determined that out of this for Rainbow meeting number seven· bloody struggle, so successfully ter- and Boston is to follow on March minated, there shall be a new world 7th with the eighth. order based on righteousness and All the meetings thus far have justice. Without such a consum- been far beyond expectations. Many mation there can be no peace in the young women are inquiring about world. Our opportunity puts a foreign mission service and we may serious responsibility upon our expect decisions. The work of local shoulders.

Committees is worthy of highest Mr. Hamilton Holt, Dr. Frederick praise. Lynch and Dr. Sidney L. Gulick Posters, Plans and Rainbow leaf- have been sent to Paris, and when lets are on sale at all Women's they return they will have a great Boards of Foreign Missions-uHelp message. Miss Eva Ryerson Lud- Make the Rainbow." gate has just sailed for Europe, TO MEMBERS OF THE WORLD wihere she will make a special study ALLIANCE of the church conditions. Upon her return she will give a large portion The Trustees of the World Alli- of her time to the interests of our ance announce the change of loca- organization.

tion of the office from 105 East TWo study outlines on a League 22nd Street to 70 Fifth Avenue. A of Nations are now ready. Either complete reorganization has been of these will be furnished at the decided upon, but as heretofore the nominal rate of fifty cents for twelve World Alliance will continue to copies.

Shall we withdraw our army of missionaries from the field or shall we send reinforcements? Shall we practice a more severe economy and straiten our army's equipment for service or shall we practice a more glorious self·sacrifice and make its equipment more efficient? Shall we exalt and glorify our Saviour, or shall we follow Him to be put in the shade? Shall we endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ, or shall we take to the fields of indulgence and allow the cross of the living God to be outshone by the army of the world? Which shall it be?

-Dr. I. H. lowett.

FROMMANY1ANDS

INDIA AND BURMA prayer and thought on this question.

Two Views of Home Rnle The conclusion reached by both'

OPPOSITION to Home Ru1e in groups was that a first-class residen- India seems to come from two sources-first the Moslems and next tial High School should be provided, the lower caste Hindus. A Moslem paper published in Calcutta remarks: with a staff of teachers who, by the "A few of our Mohammedan simplicity and earnestness of their brothers say: 'If India gets selfgovernment, then we shall not be fellowship, should demonstrate the able to cope with the Hindus.' ideal of brotherhood. After spend- "When we ask why, the invariable reply is, 'The Hindus are more num- ing much time and thought upon erous than we are, they are better educated, and ,they are certainly the problem, the Commission apmore prosperous financially. We must never forget that these people pointed by the Conference drew up a are the same Hindus that banished the Buddhists from India, and those scheme for the School, of which the Buddhists were their own kith and kin. The first chance they get they following are some of the points: will do exactly the same with us, for they bear a grudge against us, as The School shall he mainly for w.e Moslems ruled over them for six centuries.''' Christian boarders. But a small pro- The argument of the lower caste portion of non-Christians who are Hindus is- summarized thus: willing to accept the mode of life "The Pariahs of Madras assembled in convocation say: 'The Brah- of the Christian boys and a' few mins, ,who have kept us-the Untouchables-mercilessly under their day scholars, Christian or non-Chrisheel for ages, are not likely to be less tyrannical if the Hindus come tian, can be admitted. No class shall into power. That we certainly do not want, and so we prefer British have more than 30 boys. rule for generations to come.''' Religious instruction will he non- (lhrIstian Higb 'SchOOl for South India denominational; but nothing shall AT ,the Bangalore' Conference of May, 1917, the fact was brought be done to disturb the boy's loyalty out that if Christianity is to affect the modern currents of social to the Church to which he belongs. and national reconstruction there should be given the youth of the 'The scheme is launched as one land a more thoroughly Christian, and therefore a more thoroughly which wil! supply a long wfeilltl need national education. While the Com- and which, when realized, be a mission appointed by this' Conference was pushing its investigations, proud achievement. a young missionary was enlisting friends, Indian and European, for The Christian, Patriot.

Women of the Jungle THE Gond woman, bel0llging to an aboriginal tribe in the jungle of Central India, is short, strong, and darker than her Hindu sister, but like her in her fondness' for jew- elry. Not being able to wear the most unusual in quality, she does the best she can as to quantity, so that a party of Gond women walking together; wearing countless pounds of glass, pewter and iron, sound like a chain gang.

Gond WOlnen have accepted the general estimate of their mental capacity, and when approached~y the rnissiQnaty will •usually say; "How can we understand? We ate only ,cattle." But when the GOMS become Christian, theY'atevery 305

thoroughly in earnest, and show that superstitious village people, with so they have latent power. Mayo was just an average child little reverence for their gods and so little fear of their power that they from the jungle, but one day when would smear mud over the faces of she was visiting an old priest she the- gods in order to force them to picked up a mud idol, left there by answer a prayer." This is an illuma madman. The priest told her that inating example of the illogical whoever took the idol would go vagueness in the Hindu's concepmad because of the evil spirit that tion of his gods. had possessed the man, but Mayo Episcopal Recorder. said, "Then I shall take it away, for I am not afraid of any evil spirit." Home Missions in Burma This may seem insignificant, but for such a girl as Mayo it was nothing A KACHIN Christian is pleased short of revolutionary. when a heathen becomes a Chris- tian, but it does not occur to him Hindu Gods as Ra1n Makers to make any effort to bring about ONE reads of many strange meth- such a result. And as for making ods of producing rain, but here any sacrifice for such an end, or is one which is most unusual. It contributing, that is no business of is related by Rev. H. G. Hastings his; that is the work of the mission- of Lalitpur, India. ary and the paid evangelists. That "I was on a visit to our out-sta- is their natural disposition, it is the tion at Mahroni, and had occasion inertia that has to be overcome.

to stop over during the heat of the But foundation work is· beginning day at the government rest house or to show results. Last year a society Dak Bungalow. While there, I no- was organized with the aim of send- ticed on a mound under a tree sev- ing Christian young men into new eral stone idols with flowers hung localities during vacation to open in wreaths around their necks, and small schools, teaching the children their faces smeared over with mud, by day and preaching .by night.

and eviCilences that some of the Many villages have plead for schools Hindu people from the nearby vil- and the volunteer teachers are full lage had been there having puja of enthusiasm over their work, ask- (worship) under the sacred neem ing to be allowed to continue this tree. I asked one of our native year. The Christians have been di- preachers what it all meant, and he vided into prayer bands, so that said the village people had been there every Christian is a member of a praying for rain and that the people band, and every non-Christian is on thought the idols would make it rain a prayer list.

so the rain would wash the mud off their faces. Imagine a god that was SIAM AND MALAYSIA so weak as to let a man smear mud Siam's New National Flag I over his face, and too powerless to T is certain that the King of Siam walk one hundred yards to a river had no intention of putting reto wash his own face, yet powerful ligion into the new national flag, but enough to make rain come that it it is also certain that in the old flag might wash his face clean. Then, the white elephant in the center rep- again, imagine a god who had power resented Buddhism, for the people to sena rain, and would let a great revered the white elephant on ac- number of. people suffer for the lack count of the belief that Buddha once of. rain, but would cause it to come appeared on the earth in that form.

for so small and selfish a reason as At first the King intended that the wanting his own face washed. Then, new flag should contain only the again, imagine a crowd of simple, red and white stripes, but through

NEWS F1WM MANY LANDS

American influence (not missionary) thoughts of our young men to re- the blue stripe was added. ligion. The youths of the Buddhist Blue is the Presbyterian color, faith have grown worldly beyond be- and the Presbyterian Church is es- lief and never come to the temple tablished throughout the length and to pray. So we intend to build a breadth of Siam. The blue stripe magnificent pagoda, a thing of in the flag may well stand not only beauty and inspiration which they for the Christianity of the home land can not escape. Whenever their eyes but for Siam as well; the Christian- rest upon it their thoughts will turn ity which in the "New Era" is des- in spite of themselves to the gods.

tined to take the place of the Bud- But it will be only through the gra- dhism of the "Old." cious benevolence of our friends and Presbyterwn Bulletin. visitors that we shall be able to do this."

Growth of Bangkok Christian College Buddhism has taken fright at THE enrollment in Bangkok Chris- the success of Christianity and is tian College has steadily grown adopting the guise of its methods in until now it is 348, which is an in- the hope of holding loyal a restless crease of more than 50 per cent since generation.

May, 1917. One half of this number are boarders and all the dormi- CHINA tory space is occupied. Even the Phonetic Language Study in China teachers gave up their room and THE N ankit~~ Language .School is moved out on the veranda. now recelvmg over sIxty new Not only has this been the best missionaries each year, giving them year in the enrollment of the college, a year of thorough foundation work but it has been one of the best in on the language and sending them spiritual growth. There are 13 in out from there into their scattered the graduating class, over half of fields of labor from Shantung to Fu- whom are Christians, and five of kien and from Shanghai to Chang- them have decided to give their lives sha. In place of the former method, for special Christian work. There which the early missionaries were are 20 in the second class, half of forced to use, of sitting with a sleepy whom are Christians. The next two old Chinese scholar, repeating after classes number 32 and 47, and each him long and intricate sentences has a good proportion of professing from the Chinese classics, students in Christians. In the lower grades the language school have the advan- there are a few, but most of the tage of the best phonetic methods of boys in these classes are too young language study and a corps of to make a definite and final decision .trained teachers, as well as the stim- which involves so much as it does ulus of school life and competition in this country. One boy in the with other young people.

sixth grade has been completely dis- The head professor is Mr. Gia, owned by his relatives since he be- who, true to the Chinese tempera- came a Christian. ment, was with great difficulty per- The White Elephant.. suaded that the phonetic method was Neutral1zer tor CbrIsttan Missions superior to the old Chinese method of language study. To win him to VISITORS to Penang, Straits Set- Christ was even a harder task. tlements, are importuned to For years the missionaries prayed make contributions to a new pagoda. and labored, but while he received Imitation is the sincerest form of everyone kindly, argument and flattery, and there is a familiar ring prayer seemed alike unavailing. His in the Buddhist solicitor's plea: sudden conversion last year was like . "We are trying· to turn the the case of Paul, and having once

committed himself, he has set out to give him regular lessons in Western win for Christ every one of his methods and ideas. forty teachers, most of whom are not Christians. The Missionary Herald.

The Continent. A Chinese Student's Testimony Y. W. C. A. Opportunities In ChIna A CHINESE Y. M. C. A. student secretary tells of an "i tsik" DAUGHTERS of Chinese officials (miracle) which happened at a meet- and of the "literati" form ing of the Student Association in the Class of girls taught by Young Hongkong: Women's Christian Association secretaries to become future lead- "Instead of inviting an outsider ers. In the eyes of the Govern- to speak they appointed four or five ment, the reliable girl is the Chris- of their own members to give fivetian Chinese girl, and the demand minute addresses, but discovered for Association training grows by there were fifteen minutes left. The leaps and bounds. Government and chairman announced that as there Mission Schools beg for teachers of was time- he would give to any physical education. They need ten present, whether members or not, times as many as are available. an opportunity to speak on how stu- Fout Chinese cities are asking for dents could better themselves mor- American Y. W. C. A. secretaries, ally. A non-Christian boy of about. and seventeen Chinese secretaries are seventeen years got up and said that already at work. Membership in the he thought the most important thing Chinese Association numbers 3889, was fidelity not only to one's earthly and the proportion of native support father, but to our Heavenly Father of the Y. W. C. A. is from one- as well. Then another, also a nonthird to one-half. Christian, about twenty-one years old, said that these meetings had The "Heart Washing" S.ociety helped him to lead a better life. The thing that impressed him the most AMONG the many means em- was the devotional prayers of the ployed by the energetic governor members at the meetings. He had of the province of Shansi, in his at- not investigated Christianity very tempt to promote a higher type of thoroughly as yet, but he saw no manhood, is the Heart-Washing So- solution to the problems of China ciety. It might very properly be in any other way except through called an Ethical Culture Society. Jesus Christ." By his strict orders, this society is to be promoted by the magistrate of That a government sch.ool student each county; and in Fenchow, should speak of Christianity in this which is the county seat for a large way was indeed a miracle. section of country, meetings are held every Sunday in the Confucian tem- Foreign Mail. ple of the Prefecture, and every family and every shop is forced to Tbe Work:lng Boys In ShanghaJ send its representative, i. e., one ONE of the first things to be done after the establishment of a member, to hear the lecture there junior division of the Y. M. C. A. given. These lectures are presided m Shanghai was to make a survey of over by the magistrate himself, who working boys. The first result of often gives the lecture. this survey was to organize a school for poor boys. After two attempts The governor is known to all the had failed. a third made under the foreigners in Tai Yuan, the capital leadership of Mr. S. S. Zung proved of Shansi Province, as distinctly a notable success. The teachers are progressive. He has asked a member volunteers, the course includes readof the English Baptist Mission to ing and writing Chinese characters,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arithmetic and the use of the abacus, grims. People who have vowed to spoken English, play, Bible class, visit the temple to return thanks for religious meetings and weekly socials. healing, each carry a small stool, and In two years the school has grown from 30 to 130 boys, who 'are a at intervals along the way kneel on it, bowing towards the temple. In grat.eful and loyal group. front of each shrine is a large Medicine and ChrIstIanity money-box, into which each person THE old world order in China put throws a gift. N:one would think of the practice of med~cine in the worshipping without doing this, relowest room, but the Gospel entered minding one of the command laid on and now, after a hundred years, the art of healing takes a prominent Israel, that none should appear beplace. From the influence of medical missionaries has come the Med- fore the Lord empty. There are rich and poor, soldiers ical School Movement, which has most notably found expression in and police, pickpockets and beggars, North China in the Union Medical not all pilgrims, for some are mere Schools of Peking, Tsinan and sightseers, glad to idle away the Mukden, the "YaH Medical School time. Sd many of the women have at Changsha, carried on by the Yale small feet that barrow men are much Mission, the Union Medical College in. demand. Peddlers and toy stalls in Chengtu, Sz-chuan and the Wo- line the temple entry and the wistmen's Medical Colleges at Canton ful-eyed Chinese children make one and Peking. The influence which realize' that "one touch of nature these schools are destined to exert in makes the whole world kin." the spread and confirmation of the Gospel in China, strikes one with The follower of Christ is in evigrateful wonder. It means the cre- dence too. It is the custom to reni: ation in the next two decades of a a house at the foot of the temple great body of native medical prac- hill, an awning is erected and a hostitioners, fully educated in Western pitable cup of tea is ready for all medicine and surgery, the decided guests. The preachers preach themmajority of them active members of selves hoarse and many stop to he;lr the Christian Church. the message, often pleading to hear more allout the way to salvation. The dominant factor ·in Medical Education in China today is the JAPAN-OHOSEN China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, which is now Tbe Christian Ohurcb in Korea erecting a $6,000,000 plant in Peking and is closely affiliated with the Mis- THE Presbyterian Church of Kosions. rea has undertaken to carry on mission work outside the bounds of Preaching to PUgr1ms Korea, not only among their coun- trymen but among the Chinese in ONE of the most fruitful features the Province of Shantung, China. of evangelistic effort in China Last year they voted a budget of is that carried on during the annual $3,000 (6000 yen) for this work festivals, of which the Chinese cele- and in their annual report they add brate so many, and when pilgrims the following: come from far and near. Rev. James S. Orr of Kiangsu tells in "The prayers of two hundred China's Millions for February of the thousand Christians behind these customs in vogue and some of the men, (i. e., their missionaries) possibilities found among the pil- should make them powerful in doing their small. portion towards the evan- gelization of China."

According to last year's statistics, there were in Korea connected with the "Federal Council" (M. E.

Church, North and South; Presby- women and girls. The Tokyo As- terian Church, U. S. A., North and sociation is emphasizing, for the South; Canadian and Australian immediate future, work in one of Presbyterian) 208,436 Christians, of its large suburbs, Oji, which has whom 86,186 were members in full more than 12,000 women in its fac- communion. There were, besides, tories, work among girls living at about 10,000 Christians belonging to home or boarding, and welfare work three other bodies, and 5,000 belong- including day nurseries and visiting ing to the Episcopal Church. nurses.

Contributions from Protestant Christians in Korea last year Is Japan Aiding Morphia Trade? CORRESPONDENT in The A amounted to $178,487. This is a North China H eraId asserts that generous sum when we consider the general poverty of the people and the Japanese Government secretly their uniformly low wages. fosters the morphia trade in China; The principle of self-support that the traffic has the support of among the churches in Korea was the Bank of Japan and that the Jap- strictly applied from the beginning anese Postal Service aids the impor- of the work, and is generally ad- tation. Says this writer: hered to at present, though some "No inspection of parcels in the Methodist churches have begun to Japanese post offices in China is per- depart from that principle, especially mitted to the Chinese Customs Ser- along the line of Christian educa- vice.· The service is only allowed tion, which is at present one of the to know what are the alleged con- greatest and most difficult problems tents of the postal packages, as stated for the Church in Korea. in the Japanese invoices. A conser- The Christian Intelligencer. vative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese Women in Industry Japanese into China in the course of THIRTY-FIVE years ago there a year as high as eighteen tons, and were 125 factories in Japan; to- there is evidence that the amount is day there are 20,000. If it were not steadily increasing. for the women these factories could "In South China morphia is sold by Chinese peddlers, each of whom not exist. Within the factory compounds carries a passport certifying that he dormitories are erected and girls is a native of the Island of Formosa living there are practically prisoners. and therefore entitled to Japanese Two factory holidays are allowed a protection. Japanese drug stores month, but in most cases the girls throughout China carry large stocks cannot leave the factory grounds. of morphia. Japanese medicine ven- Recreation is unknown except where dors look to morphia for their largwelfare workers have been permit- est profits. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourted to go in and teach games. At the beginning of industrial wel~ ishes."

fare work, the Y. W. C. A. had in Japan fourteen American secretaries MOSLEM LANDS and six thoroughly trained Japanese Gentile and Jew in Palestine H secretaries, and in addition twenty ERBERT ADAMS GIBBONS, in an article in the January Cen- Japanese workers as travelers' aids, matrons of dormitories, and assist- tury on "Zionism and World Peace"

ants in domestic science and physi- points out that "as opposed to 100,- cal culture classes. 000 in the Jewish communities (of By the opening of work in Osaka, Palestine) there are 630,000 in the Kobe and Kyoto, its opportunity has non-Jewish communities, of whom been increased by about a million 550,000 form a solid Arabic-speaking

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Moslem block, in racial and religious the Palestine people will soon be sympathy wi,th the neighboring shipping their farm stuff to a good Arabs of Syria, Mesopotamia, market. The English are building Arabia and Egypt." reservoirs on the heights around the Holy City, so that the surrounding French influence in Syria dates country can be irrigated in the dry back to the time of the Crusades, season. The city of Alexandria. and the exclusion of French interests loaned its engineer to Jerusalem to from Palestine, he thinks, would en- arrange for sanitary and other redanger Anglo-French sympathy in a lief measures. Such are a few of degree not compensated for by the the benefits following the British ocadvantages of a British-controlled cupation. railway from the Mediterranean at Haifa to the Euphrates and the Per- "Carrying On" in the Holy City sian Gulf at Busrah. AT the beginning of 1915, the But the pressing danger. is that of Bible Society's depot in Jerusaawakening the fanaticism of the lem was hurriedly closed, but in Arabs, who take their religion far February of the same year an elderly more seriously than do the Turks. gentleman, Mr. Whelan by name-ali Under Moslem law Christians are American subject of Irish originonly permitted to live on sufferance. who had been residing in Jerusalem Jerusalem is a sacred city of the for some few years, resolved to take Moslems. The encouragement of possession of the depot and face the Jewish immigration in order to over- situation. Fixing his bed behind the ride the Moslem majority would, Mr. counter, he lived there as proprietor. Gibbons believes, endanger the lives For thirty-four months Mr. Whelan of Christians in other Moslem coun- held on bravely against many diffitries. culties and hardships. until relief The Congregationalist and Advance. came. About 30,000 volumes, in some 50 languages. had been safely Achievements in Pa.1estIne preserved in this depot at Jerusalem. All the copies in English were quick- MUCH has already been done in ly bought up by British soldiers. the way of reconstruction in Palestine. Orphanages have been es- While the Turks were in possestablished for both mental and indus- sion, they ordered the gold lettering trial training. on the entrance door of the Depot, "B. F. B. S." to be broken out. Mr. A day nursery is doing excellent Whelan then painted the same letwork for the children and releasing tering on a cardboard, which he the mothers who are among the 600 tacked over the glass until the Turks women at work sewing for the Brit- had been driven out. ish Army. The Red Cross is giving especial attention to the health and The Committee of the Society are sanitation problem. Much danger making plans and preparations to was feared from the hosts of refu- erect a new Bible depot in Jerusalem gees who flocked there from beyond which shall be worthy of its object. the Jordan. The Turks and Germans cut down the "blessed" olive The Bible in the World. trees for fuel for the railroads, and the inhabitants looked on with "IFCairQ. a Strategic Center streaming eyes and fainting hearts. Mecca is the religious center of The British Army is already setting Mohammedanism, and Constantiout forests in the wastes, and plant- nople is–or was-the political cening trees in streets and towns all ter, Cairo is undoubtedly their literover Palestine. Many eucalyptus ary and educational center," says Dr. trees ar~ to be planted to purify the Samuel M. Zwemer. In Cairo is air. On the new railway to Egypt the great Moslem University, E!

izhar, with 11,000 students, a An important step toward mak- sj:ronghold of Moslem conservatism. ing these people self-s~pporting was Here, also, is the new and radical the opening of an irrigation canal on Egyptian University, with 270 stu- January 10, some seventy 1Jliles north dents, founded by advocates of the of Bagdad. Water can thus be ri~w and progressive Islam. Mos- supplied to irrigate 300,000 acres, lems schools of law, of medicine, en- and make possible t.he cultivation of gineering schools, agricultural. insti- land as far as the vicinity of Bag- ttttions, schools of commerce, of fine dad. The opening ceremony was ar;ts, schools for girls and schools for held in the presence of many Arab boys bring the total student popula- land-owners, who were impressed tion up to 40,000. All these schools with this striking evidence of the are abreast of the times, well good in~entions of the British. The equipped with libraries and labora- increase in wealth to the land thus tories, but wholly Godless, making irrigated will certainly be consid- no. provision for religious, or even erable, and the increased production ethical training. The schools, car- of food will be of great importance.

ried on by the United Presbyterian and other missions, are the most im- AFRICA portant Christian influence. Assiout In1Iue~za aIUong the Africans T College, the great Christian institu- HE influenza scourge has been very severe in many parts of tipn, has an enrollment of more than eight hundred students, and a body Africa. In East Africa it was found of graduates who have become lead- that many of the native students had ers throughout Egypt, Abyssinia and acquired sufficient training to enable the Sudan. There are also the mis- them to take charge of small hos- sion schools for girls at Cairo, Luxor pitals which were established in and Assiont, with an enrollment of schools and churches, and thus lives 1200. were saved in every village. The re- sult of this work was most apparent Ir:rJ.gation Canal 101" Mesopotamia upon the character of these volun- ONE of the problems which must teers, who developed a new spirit of be considered at the Peace Con- helpfulness and self-reliance. feren~e is the future destiny of the Rev. Cyril S. Green writes from people of Armenia and Syria, many Nkangal, Cape Colony, that this tp.oul3ands of whom took refuge with time of great distress gave the mis- t4e' British Army while that Army sionaries opportunity to come in was still at grips with the Turk. Ac- touch with all classes of people.

wrding to a report issued in London Scores of deaths were caused direcenUy the British refugee camp at rectly by ~he superstitious fancies of Baqubas, thirty-three miles from the heathen. They were sure that if Bagdad, is: caring for 45,000 people they remained long in their huts the of the Armenian and Syrian races. snakes would find them out, so they This qlmp was hastily laid out, and lay outside in the cold, with a tem- in three weeks' time refugees were perature of 103°. Most of the Chris- being taken in at the rate of 1,000 a tians recoveted, for they. were will- day. To provide clothing and food ing to adopt the measures prescribed for them when so much transport for them by the government and mis- waS needed for military operations sionaries.

along the ,Tigris was a great 'lchieve- mellt, and today the camp is organ- "AgaJnst the Book"

T ized as efficiently as many of our HE country around Kabari, on the slopes of Mt. Kenia, is beau- W~stern towns, with water supply, sanitation and well-equipped hospi- tiful, but the people are not. Dis- tals. ease, dirt and heathenish customs

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have worked sad havoc among them. promised the Lord sixty cents if he At present" with the exception of the got a deer. Early in the week he few baptized Christians and readers shot a small one, but it got away.

whom seven years' work has gath- Later he shot a large one and it es- ered, the ,whole population concen- caped. Friday, long before daylight, trates its intelligence, as to the wo- he arose and prayed about his deer, men, on the work of obtaining food then taking his gun set out on his for themselves and their families, last hunt. He had not gone far until and as to the men, in the intervals , he saw a whole herd, the size of of looking after their flocks, on pala- cow:s. Singling one out he fired.

vers or gossiping. The deer was only wounded and the The lad described in the following boy had to spend his last remain- incident gives hope of the cleansing ing shells, but still his game refused which will take place when Chris- to die. His faith was so strong that tianity becomes more widespread. the Lord had heard his prayer that This African boy had been fined a he caught the animal by the horns goat for refusing to take part in a and quickly cut its throat. Before local ceremony by providing beer for seven o'clock he arrived, breathless, the occasion. "It is against the at the mission saying, "I will not Book" was his steadfast reply when thank the Lord with sixty cents. I his case was referred to the District will giv¢ Him a dollar."

Commissioner. When some 011e sug- When the offering was COUnted on gested that adherents of the Mission Sunday morning the villagers were pay a sum of money in lieu of pro- wild with joy,' for it amounted to viding the beer, the lad stoutly main- $63.95. When the boys and girls tained that no Christian should have saw what they could do they said: anything to do with such a cere- "We will give an offering every mony, and not one-sixth of a penny month. We want to support a sta- would he ever pay in connection tion of our own."

with it.

The order went forth that adher- NORTH AMERICA ents of the mission should hence- Community Spirit Put to Work T forth not be required to take part in HIRTY-FIVE thousand persons reading the same passage of any ceremony they considered objectionable. Scripture on the same day, offering C. M. S. Gleaner. the same prayer, cherishing the same ideals and then exemplifying them Giving to Home MisSions in West AfrJca in daily life and business-has not T HE pastor at Quiongua, West this great possibilities? This is wha~ Africa, recently took occasion to enterprising Christian leaders in preach on tithing and reminded Connecticut have been able to bring his people of a new work just started about in less than two months for home missions. He asked them through ,the: community betterment to promise nothing, but to pray and plan sponsored by the New Haven think about it, and to bring their of- Women's Church Union and the Pas- fering the following Sunday. There tor's Union of that city. The domi- were over one hundred school chil- nant idea is to capitalize community dren in the congregation who had spirit evoked by the war in the in- nothing to give and no way of earn- terests of personal spiritual life and ing money, so work was planned a better public order. To accomplish which they might do for pay during these commendable results, those the noon hour and after schoo!. back of the movement realize that Never was work more eagerly done. the fountains of spirituality must be One boy, skillful as a hunter, spent kept full through daily contact with his spare time out with his gun. He the Bible and the unseen world. So

instead of leaving the average man mittee is fully constituted it will be or wvman t9 his own devices, defin- represented in all the great centers ite material is provided through a of the country and the committee series of community betterment members in each center will call to booklets. Each contains an interest- their assistance other men and wo- ing list of daily Bible readings, one men in order that the organization, or two quotations, several prayers instruction and enlistment may be and memory verses for the children extended into every parish and mis- from week to week. sion of the Church.

The Congregationalist and Advance.

Training Negro Citizens in Georgia Enemies ot the Lord's Day N important school for Negroes A BILL has been introduced into A the Legislature of Pennsylvania cently come under the supervision of at Fort Valley, Georgia, has re- calling for the repeal of the Sabbath the Protestant Episcopal Church.

laws of the state. Fearing the very This is an industrial high school extremeness of this bill, Representa- which seeks to do for the million or tive William F. Rorke introduced an more· Negroes in Georgia what sim- amendment legalizing moving picture ilar institutions are doing in other shows and concerts on the Sabbath. States. There is at present an en- An editorial in the Philadelphia Pub- rollment of 600 students, two hun- lic Ledger supports the amendment. dred of whom live in the dormi- The arguments which are ad- tories, the others coming from the vanced in favor of this Sabbath surrounding country; a property of desecration are briefly: "It is pro- ninety acres and a plant valued at gressive and constructive. If movies $60,000. Each student receives in- and concerts are educational on struction in some useful trade, assur- weekdays, they ought to be profitable ing him the opportunity of develop- on the Sabbath. The concerts and ing into a helpful, contented citizen movies would change the day from of the State.

drab to brightness." The representa- tives of the Lord's Day Alliance are Moslems in the United States I hard at work at the legislature, and N the narrow valley, chiseled out they should have full support. of the mountains of Pennsylvania . New York has long had a law by the Conemaugh River, there is a against theatricals, movies, etc., at group of Mohammedans employed in which admission is charged, but it a coke plant and ruled over by a has been disregarded. Now attempts strange triumvirate: Hassan Taro- are being made to pass bills legaliz- manovic, the Son of Allah, armed ing these and commercial baseball. alike with his priestly Koran and his The Presbyterian. American dinner pail; Omar, who New National Oommfttee tor Protestant presides over the pool room, hazy' Episcopal Oharch with cigarette smoke and the mingled odors of black coffee and THE Board of Missions, the Gen- pink liquor, and Harry, the "Boss." eral Board of Religious Educa- For twelve years these workers, who tion and the Commission on Social are considered "hand-picked fruit,"

Service of the Protestant Episcopal because no church holidays interfere Church, have appointed a national with the regularity of their shifts, committee, composed of men and have enjoyed community life, with- women from all parts of the Church, out Sunday-school, church, library, to care for the details of providing playground or even "movies." They the budget, thus leaving the Boards have all but forgotten the appointed free to do the special work for which hours for prayer, and could scarcely they were created. When the com- point in the direction of Mecca.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hassan, their religious leader, is a below the birth rate and the Indian stately figure with his fez, but his has ceased to be a "vanishing race."

parishioners call upon him only for Under the five-year program of burials and weddings-their faith the Methodist Centenary $128,450 has deteriorated into a hazy mem- will be used to provide more mis- ory. Surely here is fertile ground sionaries speaking the Indian lan- for the missionary enterprise! guages, to train more Indian preach- New Mormon Chnrch in New York ers, to establish more Sunday- schools and to appoint women work- THE Brooklyn Chapel of the ers to take Christianity to the wo- Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- men and children, who are even ter Day Saints is the first Mormon more neglected than the "braves."

church building in the State of New Christian Advocate.

York. Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, a Chinese Set an Example T member of the Quorum of Twelve WO Chinese brothers, who opened a laundry in Paducah, Apostles of the church, offered the dedicatory prayer and was the prin- Kentucky, became interested in cipal speaker at the dedication service Christianity, and after a time were on Sunday, February 16. The received as members of the First chapel seats 350 persons. Senator Presbyterian Church. For three Smoot confined himself to religious years they were not only regular topics. attendants, but liberal contributors Walter P. Monson, President of to the Church's activities and lost the Eastern States Mission and head no opportunity of witnessing to their of the Brooklyn Chapel, announced faith. Then they decided to return that through the work of his asso- to China, and before leaving handed ciate missionaries there are now the pastor an envelope containing more than 250 members in the their subscription for the remainder Brooklyn congregation, and that of the year, and asked for their there are at present in New York church letter in order to be re- State seven congregations with ceived into the Church in China.

more than 750 members. He said Here is an example for wandering that the members of the church in American church members!

this State look upon the erection of the Brooklyn Chapel as a milestone LATIN AMERICA in the path of the growth of Mor- Exchange or Territory in Mexflco monism in the East. THE American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions and New Plans tor the "Vanishing Indians" the Southern Methodist Board have SIXTY per cent of the American agreed upon plans for rearrange- Indians are still non-Christian, ment of work and workers in Mex- while only half of those who have ico. By this change, the American been converted are Protestants; 260, Board will withdraw from the state 193 of the 335,998 Indians in. the of Chihuahua and occupy the West continental United States can neither side of Mexico, including the read nor write, and only one-third provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa.

of the entire Indian popUlation can There are many problems involved speak English. Furthermore, ills in this re-assignment, and the resulting from unsanitary conditions American Board has recently sent a and utter lack of personal hygiene deputation to Mexico to confer with have ravaged almost every tribe. missionaries and native pastors with Recently, after these matters were reference to the policies and plans given special attention by various which shall be undertaken.

agencies, the death rate has fallen Congregationalist and Advance.

T"A Social Worker in Cuba key. The men who are to take HE task of bringing civic im- part must live in seclusion for a provement to Union de Reyes, time, then drink enough liquor to Cuba, has been given to Rev. Julio insure their being in reckless mood: Fuentes, the only evangelical pastor A circle is formed by the dancers in this railroad town of 9,000 souls. who wear a head gear made of ani- Asked by the town authorities to be- mal skins and frightful masks, which come a member of the municipal has to be lifted constantly to let a civic committee and to clean up the little air in, and the spectators stand town, an unprecedented thing in the outside. The master of ceremonies history of Presbyterian mission work, calls a masked fellow into the ring he is doing splendid social work and lets the snake slide out of the with meager equipment in a building pitcher down his neck. Then he ex- loaned by a wealthy woman. Any ecutes a wierd dance, while all the social work done in the city must others grunt, shriek and rattle be done by him. gourds. When the snake glides The Continent. from the man's trouser leg he is ex- cused and another is called to repeat Leprosy in Latin America the performance.

NOT every one knows that lep- From such a setting came one of rosy is very prevalent in some the most faithful Christians in the of the States in South America. Santa Maria congregation-once a It is said that many cases may be witch doctor. Not being able to found in Colombia, and lepers are read, he listens intently to the read- p.umerous in Brazil and the Argen- ing of the Bible, then commits to tine. The Mission to Lepers has al- memory the portions read. These ready established work in Dutch he puts into the Indian language and Guiana and has been anxious to preaches to his former followers, do more, but the difficulties in the and it is due to his ceaseless effort way have made It impossible. The that two new preaching centers have Protestant missionary bodies have been formed. Here is proof posi- been comparatively so few and so tive of what these people can do far apart that there has hitherto when the cloud of superstition is seemed to be no definite opening for lifted.

organized effort. A letter has been Guatemala News.

received from a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church asking Selling Bibles in "Little Venice"

L for a grant of $100, to enable him AKE Maracaibo, Venezuela, is more than 100 miles long and to employ an evangelist to work in a colony of lepers near one of the from 50 to 70 miles wide. Because large cities in the Argentine. the villages along its shores were Without the Camp. built on raised platforms, standing indian Snake Dancing out over the water, and the inhabi- tants traveled about in canoes, the AFRICA' is not the only "dark early Spanish discoverers named the continent," and nothing that one country Venezuela, or "Little Ven- finds there could be more revolting ice." Last year a colporteur of the and horrible than the snake dances Bible Society, Jose Siciliani, who is among the Indians of Guatemala. a Brazilian of Italian descent, found As the time for one" of these snake his way to this region with a supply festivals approaches witch doctors of Gospels. At first the Bibles "went are sent to the mountains to cap- like hot cakes," and then the word ture a snake to be trained for its was passed around that these books part in the ceremony by beillg kept were "Protestant" and immediately in a pitcher that has contained whis- Colporteur Jose found himself up

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

against the. wall of supelPtition. buco obtained possession of a human Jose rented a small dugout, with a skeleton which he succeeded in petman to paddle him and his books suadinz the people was that of a perfrom house to house. He often had son formerly known in that region, to face most disheartening circum- St. Severino. He had the skeleton stances, lack of food, dangers from covered with leather and stuffed, and tropical storms and disease, and set it up in the church as an object everywhere the unfriendliness of the of worship, the church being located islanders. On one occasion as Jose on a farm which he owned in the approached, the natives beat on tin outskirts of the city. St. Severino cans. with pieces of iron, as is their proved to be a miracle worker, custom during an invasion of locusts. whose benefits were in proportion to However, in spite of all this ignor- the value of the votive offerings ance, superstition and adversity dur- made at his shrine. On the income ing a stay of six months, Jose suc- derived from this source the Perceeded in distributing more than nambuco lawyer was able to aban- 3000 copies of the Scriptures. Who don both his law practice and his can say how far this influence may farming operations and to maintain reach? a handsome home in the suburbs."

Brazil's Need EUROPE DR. S. H. CHESTER, in The Re- Help for Friendless Women gions Beyond, gives sufficient reason for Protestant Christian mis- THE London Female Preventive sionary effort in Brazil, and other and Reformatory Institute, Latin American lands. Dr. Chester says that the priesthood is an expla- founded in 1857, is evangelical and nation of all the corruption, degradation and superstition one finds in interdenominational. Sixty years those countries. The relation of ago it was housed in small quarters, many of the priests to the people is similar to that of the Buddhist with accommodations for only sixpriesthood in China and Japan. They are considered indispensable in con- teen inmates. It has grown rapidly nection with certain functions and occasions. They must be on hand to until at present it has 177 volunteer perform the marriage ceremony for those who are able to afford that workers and its activities comprise: luxury, to administer extreme unction to the dying, to bury the dead, Five Homes for 162 inmates resto give absolution to those whose consciences trouble them on account cued from surroundings dangerous cif their crimes, and for a consideration to secure the release of to morality, or from vice. souls from purgatory. Apart from these official functions, the people A Probationary Home for the have little use for them, and they are the most disreputable element temporary reception of applicants. in the communities in which they reside. An Open-All-Night Refuge for Among other illustrations of the the succour of young women and pass to which so-called religion has come in Brazil, Dr. Chester relates girls found homeless in the streets the following incident: at night. "A lawyer in the city of Pernam- Some idea. of the extent of .the work undertaken may be had from the following figures: 45,616 cases have been admitted to the Homes.

1,715 religious services, etc., were conducted in the Homes last year.

2,964 nights' lodgings were given at the Open-aIl-Night Refuge during 1917.

2,492 midnight and other meetings have been held since 1859, attended by 127,391 young women and girl., thousands of whom have been res- cued. The Christian.

Prayer for RuBBla Huguenots. In spite of the havoc THE Archbishops of York and of war they now maintain seven mis- Canterbury sent out a bulletin to sion stations, mostly in Africa. all the Anglican clergy asking that A Protestant Chaplain in the prayers, both private and public, be French Army, Pastor Daniel COllve, offered for the Russian Church on who spent nine years as a mission- February 23, and the following ary in the Congo, is now presenting prayer was recommended: their cause in America. Through "0 God our Refuge and Strength, their Committee of Union for France who art a very present help in and Belgium the churches he repre- trouble; have mercy, we beseech sents are one body.

Thee, upon the Russian Church in Marshal Joffre, himself a Protes- her hour of need. Deliver her by tant, is especially interested in the Thy most mighty protection from plans for rebuilding and re-manning the dangers that beset her, and these churches. Recently he said: grant her people rest; through Jesus "The need is especially great in Christ our Lord. Amen." the devastated regions. Soon the This is said to be the first time people will return to their demol- in the history of the Anglican ished homes to start life over again.

Church that prayers have been The shock at what they will find will asked for another communion. be very great. They will· need not A Medical Missions Exhibit merely material assistance. 'Moral help will be required, for there is THE idea of holding a great medi- bound to be a tendency to let down cal Missionary E:xhibition in morally in the face of so great loss London has met with hearty ap- and destruction."

proval, and has promise of the co- The E:xecutive Committee of the operation of all the British mission- American Presbyterian Church has ary agencies centering in London. recently voted $500,000 for the re- The definite aim of the exhibition lief of French Protestant churches.

will be not only to serve the best This "hands-across-the-sea move- interests of this department of mis- ment" will give impetus to the plan sionary work" but also to secure for for a League of Churches to the missionary enterprise the sup- strengthen the work of the League port and life service of some of of Nations.

those physicians, surgeons and nurses who have been doing such OBITUARY NOTES magnificent work throughout the Dr. A. F. Schauftlel', of New York O course of the war. The exhibitionN Tuesday, February 19th, the will open June 23, 1919, and con- . Rev. Adolph Frederick Schauf- tinue for some weeks. fier, D. D., died of heart disease at Protestant Neighbors in Frrulce his home in New York city. This brought to a close a long and useful AMONG the loyal defenders of service on earth. His life goes on, France and of freedom were and while Dr. Schauffler rests from many Protestants. Native-born pas- his labors, his works follow with tors or students for the ministry to him.

the number of one hundred gave their Seventy-four years ago he was lives in the great cause. One hun- born in Constantinople, Turkey, dred and fifty sons of French pas- where his father, Dr. William G.

tors or missionaries made a like Schauffler, was a distinguiShed mis- sacrifice. These men, and the sol- sionary scholar of the American diers from among the laymen, rep· Board. The son returned to America resented nearly 500,000 French for his education and Was graduated Protestants, the successors of the from Williams College in 1867, and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

from Andover Theological Semin- twenty-five years. He was a memary in 1870. After pastorates in ber of the State Executive Com- Brookline, Mass., and New York mittee of the Michigan Sunday City he became supe"rintendent of School Association for about twenty the New York City Mission and years and held the offices in turn, of Tract Society. Here he rendered Secretary, Chairman and President. noble and far reaching service to For twenty-five years he was a memthe time of his death. He was ber of the Executive Committee of always keenly alive to every ques- the International Sunday School Astion relating to the Kingdom of sociation and held numerous offices, God and was a friend to everyone finally being president of the organin trouble. ization. Mr. Warren died in Three Oaks, Michigan on January 16, 1919 Dr. Schauffier was prominently and it will be impossible to fill his connected with Sunday-school work, place in the Sunday School world. was president of the N ew York City Sunday School Association and D. W. McWilliams of Brooklyn Treasurer of the State Association. He was a wonderful teacher of I N financial and business circles teachers, an earnest Bible student, Mr. Daniel Wilkins McWilliams and a firm believer in the inspira- of Brooklyn, New York, was known tion of the Scriptures. He was for as a banker and treasurer of the many years a member of the Inter- Manhattan Railway Co. In missionnational Sunday-school Lesson Com- ary circles he was better known as mittee. Dr. Schauffier also wrote founder of missions in Korea and a a number of valuable books for member of the Foreign Mission Sunday-school workers. His wife, Board of the Presbyterian Church Julia Baker Schauffier, has been al- and other religious organizations. He most equally prominent with her died on Tuesda.y, January 7, at his husband in Christian work. residence, 39 South Portland Avenue, Brooklyn in his eighty-second year. Edward Kirk Warren Mr. McWilliams was born in As a friend and promoter of Hamptonburg, N. Y., and at the age world-wide Sunday School work of 18 he entered the employ of the Mr. Edward K. Warren was better New York & Erie Railroad. After. known than as president of the devoting five years in the banking Featherbone Company. business with the Chemung Canal Bank at Elmira, N. Y., he was Sixty years of continuous activity elected Secretary and Treasurer of in one Sunday-school is a great rec- the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railord in itself. In this school in Three road Company, in 1861, .here he re- Oaks, Michigan, Edward K. Warren mained for nearly six years. From was scholar, teacher, officer, superin- there he went to the banking house tendent and finally was superintend- of Henry Q. Marquand, becoming a ent for life. Mr. Warren began his partner in the firm. He became a relationship with the Sunday-school member of the Lafayette Avenue work at large when he attended Presbyterian Church in 1866 and was the International Convention in At- subsequently adeacon, an elder, and lanta in 1878. At once he brought Superintendent of the Sunday School. things to pass at home and organized He was alife-long frend of the evanthe Berrien County Sunday School gelist, Dwight L. Moody, and had Association, in Michigan, and since served as trustee and Treasurer of that time he attended every annual the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial county convention with the single Bible School of Seoul, Korea. Mr. exception of the one in 1916. He McWilliams was twice President of was secretary of that association for the Y. M. C. A. in Brooklyn. five years and president for about

MISSIONARY

Asia Minor, by Walter A. Hawley. Northern and Central part of the Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. $3.50 Continent brought most under Mos- net. John Lane Company, New lem influence. It is this part of York. 1918. Africa that presents the greatest problem. The author visited the This description of Asia Minor continent during 1910 to 1911 as sechas a double claim upon our inter- retary to Bishop Yartzell and gives est. First, it is a good book on a here some of the results of his subject of perpetual interest and, observations and studies. The book second, it is a timely discussion of a is not the work of an expert or an subject that has just now assumed authority, but is rather a popular special significance. Mr. Hawley presentation of collated facts and justly reminds us that in the Ho- opinions. henzollern dream of placing under the sway of a single power a Nigeria-the Unlmown. A Missionwedge of country cleaving Europe aryStudy Text Book pamphlet. and extending from the North 56 pp. 1 shilling net. Church and Baltic Seas to the Persian Missionary Society, London, 1918. Gulf, Asia Minor became of special importance because of its The Niger basin is a huge terricapability, under scientific cultiva- tory in tropical Africa, about 1000 tion, of largely supplementing the miles long by 500 miles wide. It agricultural products of the German is under British control, is largely Empire, and because it lies along Moslem, and the chief missionary the direct road to the fertile Meso- Society at work is the C. M. S. potamian valley. Accordingly, the It is almost unoccupied territory. Germans obtained from the Turkish but is extremely important to the Government several concessions, future of Africa. This little text and before the outbreak of the great book forms an excellent introduc- European war had built a railroad tion to the study of the subject. from the Bosporus through the heart of Asia Minor, and had con- History of the Methodist Episcopal structed an extensive canal for irri- Church in Mexico. By John W. gating the central plain. The author Butler. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 net. outlines the physiognomy and his- Methodist Book Concern, New tory of Asia Minor, its scenery, its York, 1918. present primitive agricultural and industrial conditions, its peoples and Dr. Butler's father, William Buttheir manners, customs and religious observances, and he de- a ler, founded this mission, and the scribes in an interesting way the classic ruins of this memorable son was for over forty years misregion. ' sionary in Mexico. He is therefore especially qualified to write a his- Islamic Africa. By R. Burton Shep- tory of the work from 1872 to 1918. pard. 12mo. 127 pp. 75 cents. It is a volume of personal reminis- The Methodist Book Concern, cences and facts, gathered from first New York, 1914. hand knowledge. The story of-each field is taken up separately and in The Africa here described is the the last chapter Dr. Butler de- scribes briefly the progress in the last half century in Mexico.

320 The Oregon Missions. By Bishop tion, to lynching and to Christian- James W. Bashford. 12mo. 311 ity. The hopeful outlook is em- pp. $1.25 net. The Abingdon phasized and there is much of con- Press, New Yark, 1918. structive value in this helpful little study of the American Negro. The indebtedness of America to home missions can never be fully Under Coligny's Banner. By Aldescribed. Here is one item in the bert Lee, Ph. D. 8vo. 314 pp. credit sheet. Oregon was saved to 6 shillings. Morgan and Scott, the United States by missionaries, London. 1918. the Indians were converted, the land was made safe, and education Under 'the guise of fiction, we was started by missionaries. Bish- have a most interesting story of op Bashford tells the story graph- Hugenot France of the days of ically and impressively. It should Henry of Navarre. Such a story be known by every Christian and brings vividly before us the changes every patriot. It is thrilling. This that have come since the Jesuit story emphasizes the part Metho- persecutions, when it was a crime to dists played in the history of the own a Bible and one could not be Northwest. purchased except at great risk and at a cost of a hundred crowns. The Faiths of Mankind. By Prof. Great is the change today when Edmund D. Soper. 16mo. 165 pp. Roman Catholics and Protestants 60 cents. Abingdon Press, New unite in a financial campaign for York, 1918. the Army and Navy, and even. in religious services.

Many are not interested in mis- Dr. Scofield's Question Box. Comsions because they know nothing piled by Ella E. Pohle. 12mo. of the faith and practice of non- 166 pp. $1.00 net. Bible Insti- Christians. Professor Soper here tute, Chicago, Ill. 1918. gives us a brief study course which outlines some of the main features Arranged under topics alphabeticof Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, ally the compiler has gathered to- Hinduism and Animism. It is a gether many illuminating and pracbook for college students, and the tical answers to questions on the method followed is daily topical Bible doctrines and Christian prac- Bible readings, with twelve weekly tice given in connection with Dr. studies, each in a different religion, Scofield's Bible Correspondence two weeks each being given to Hin- Course. A full subject index opens duism, Buddhism, Islam and Chris- up this rich storehouse of one who tianity. They are clear, concise is an unusually clear and sound Bible teacher. and helpful studies on a new plan.

Your N,egro Neighbor. By Ben- The Right to Fight. By Sherwood jamin Brawley. 16 mo. 100 pp. Eddy, LL. D. 12mo. 87 pp. The 60 cents. The MacMillan Co. Association Press. 1918. 1918. The Christian position in regard The Negro in America is a real to the European war is here clearly problem which must receive serious stated by one who has seen the attention. Mr. Brawley views it causes and effect both in America from a Christian standpoint and and in Europe. Dr. Eddy discusses presents the facts clearly and forc- the German views as contrasted to ibly. After an historical review of the Biblical principles. This is good. the Negro in America he reviews material for correcting some mishis relation to industries, to educa- taken ideas of strict pacifists. ~ oW ,,&bUm.iWiiiii ~bFACTS WOkRT~ II QUOTlING i utAJ • baa Of all the Protestant mISSIOns in Africa over one-fifth of the mISSionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth of the baptised Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with German missionary societies. The future of the missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the re-adjustment of this work in the Peace Settlement. (See page 251.) * * * * * * One-fifth of the world's population, mo~e than the combined population of the United States, Canada, South America and Africa live in India. Christian teachings have filled the people with ambition. Their new ethical ideas are derived to a start- ling degree from the New Testament, although most have not yet been led to the full acceptance of Christ as Saviour. (See page 259.) ****** India as a field of work among Mohammedans is second to none in promise and accessibility. Many confess that for them the tenets of Islam have little meaning, except.as a symbol and reminder of past glory, (See page 259.) *****• Nearly two thousand American and Kurdish children were gathered· by the Turks into an orphanage at 'Antoura, Syria, in 1915 and 1916. Last October after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, only 669 orphans survived the Turkish methods of conducting an orphanage. This remnant is now cared fc>r under French and American direction. Industrial and educational classes will be formed and a plan of self-government will be introduced. (See page 287.) ***** * Although Meshed, a city in Eastern Persia, on the border of Afghanistan, is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been established, two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission work has been paid by the Persian people. (See page 266.) ****** It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of the French Protestant churches thar in spiie of the awful sacrifices of the war, their offerings t() missions have been only one-sixth or one-seventh less than in pre-war times. (See pa·ge 289.) ****** The American Government is preparing to create Soldier Agricultural Settlements to give an outlet to the virile fo,rces now returning in khaki. This may furnish the key to the whole problem of social reconstruction. There are still 372,000,000 acres of uncultivated land which can be improved. Allowing 100 acres to a farm would mean 370,000 new farms, aud allowing 100 families to a church the necessity is seen for. 3,700 new churches within the next few years. (See pag 270.) *****• The Chinese are hungry for education. A school for working boys in Shanghai has grown in two years from 30 to 130 pupils. The teachers are volunteers and the course includes readiug and writing Chinese, arithmetic, English, games, Bible Study and religious meetings. (See page 306.) ****** The first Mormon church building erected in New York State was dedicated in Brooklyn last February. At this service it was announced that there are at present in New York State seven Mormon congregations with more than 750 members. (See page 308.) ….. **** Home mission folk take notice: Of the 335,998 American Indians in the United States 260,193 can neither read nDr write, and only Dne-third of the entire Indian population can speak English. (Se,e page 308.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Captain Bickel and the Inland Sea. By Wilson and Foch say C. K. Harrington. 8yo. 301 pp. $1.75. ••A man has deprived himself 0/ the best Fleming H. Reyell, New York, 1919. th£reis in the world who has depri,;eahim· Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. – – – – – — selfofintimate knowl· Clarke. 8yo. 482 pp. $2.50. T1odd, edge ofthe Bible. " Mead & Co. New York, 1910. -Pres. U ilson.

The Faith of Japan. By H. Tasuku. uThe Bible is certain- 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Com- ly the best prepartion that you can gir:e to pany. New York, 1919. an American soldier China and the World War. By W. goin/! into battle to sustain his magnificent idprll and faith. II Reginald Wheeler. 12mo. 263 pp. $1.75. -Mar8hal Foch to N. Y.. Bibl~ }:,o~ety. The Macmillan Company. New York, Answer this "Call to the Colors" 1918.

China Mission Year Book. 12mo. 429 Be a Trained JI~:~ !';;e!Jre~J l~~~iii:e:~i:e: pp. China Continuation Committee. Christian Worker ~~~;r~i~::'-~~~d::t!~a~~~:: Shanghai, 1919.

Foreign Financail Control in China. By industrial and home workers, farmers, mechanics, soldiers T. W. Oyerlach. 8yo. 295 pp. $2.00. -as well as to ministers. missionaries. evangelists, etc.

The Macmillan Company. New York, Never was there such a great demand for those who prayerful, really know the Blble. There is personal profit beyond 1918. ' anything you can imaID.ne in systematic Bible Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. reading and study. Get ready! Start at onc.! The 8yo. 1917. 307 pp. $3.50. E. P. Dut- Correspondence Courses ton & Co. N ew York, 1917. ofthe MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE will give you a system to stndy by-a guide, a teacher. You will be a personal Dupil Mexico Today and Tomorrow. By Ed- -time, place and amount of study under your control. Ex.. ward D. Trowbridge. 12mo. 282 pp. aminations are written, assuri;.1g' accuracy in your work.

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Dawn in Palestine. By William Canton. THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE 12mo. 99 pp. $0.40. The Macmillan Dept. 5784 153 In.titute Place Chi…..o, IlL Company. New York, 1918.

Asia Minor. By W. A. Hawley. 8yo.

329 pp. $3.50. John Lane & Com- pany. New York, 1918.

.The Rage of Islam. By Yonan H. Summer Bible School Shahbaz. $1.50. American Baptist Pub- in New York lication Society. New York, 1918.

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Christian Internationalism. 'By William Bible Teachers Training School Pierson Merrill. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company. New York, Dr. W. W. White, President 1918.

Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. Summer Term June IS-August 26, 1919 White. 12mo. 79 pp. $1.00. The Pil- grim Press. Boston, 1918.

I Cried, He Answered. Introduced by A variety of courses for Pastors, Missionaries, Charles Gallaudet Trumbull 12mo. ~~~ih;ie~~~!aJ)vor1~1<W~f~fur~:k,~~ 125 pp. $0.75. Bible Institute Col- portage Association. Chicago, 1918. ary conferences.

Ruling Lines of Progressive Revelation. A strong deuartment of Phonetics and Mission.. By W. Graham Scroggie. 12mo. 144 ary Linguistics.

i'p. 4s, 6d. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. ea~~~~:~~~~~~~~Ol:~~~gd tl~~~t~~ London, 1918. A week of Conference, summarizing the world's The Conscience and Concessions. By Al- fred Wms. Anthony. 8yo. 270 pp. r~~~~~~~i ~~d:S~~~l(iJ!li~f~~~; $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York, 9-15. 1918. Special opportunities to visit social institutions.

A Light in the Land of Sinim. By Write for information and schedule to Harriet Newell Noyes. 8yo. 250 pp.

$1.50. Fleming H. Revell. 1919.

John P. Williamson-A Brother to the JOHN ANDERSON WOOD Sioux. By Wiuifred W. Barton. 8vo. Dean of Summer Term 269 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1919.

Six Red Months in Russia. By Louise 541 Lexington Avenue, New York Bryant. 8vo. 299 pp. $2.00. Geo. H. Doran Company. New York, 1919. HARTFORD American Motherhood W. Douglas Mackenzie For Every Home in the Land President Recognized Authority on Theological Seminary J . The MOTHE Dean, M. W. Jacobus The CHILD and School of Religious Pedagogy The HOME .

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THE BEST WAY One of the aims of our advertising depart- ~ to serve Communion. a is re'ertmt ment is to be helpful to those of Bauitary, andincreasesatteodance.t OUR READERS the Lord's Supper. Our eerviees are chaste and beautifuL Made of finMtt who are seeking information about articles m&terials and best workm.aDRhip. they wish to purchase whether found in our advertising columns cr not. We will 8tnd for iUu.rlTakd price lilt gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil yourrequirements by putting you INDIVIDUAL COMMUNION SERVICE CO. in touch. with responsible business houses. 1701 Cbednat Street Philadelphia, Pa. OUR ADVERTISERS NEW BOOKS CONTINUED are deserving of your patronage. We bespeak for them your con.ideration. Morale. By Harold Goddard. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.00. Geo. H. Doran Com- Business Department pany. New York, 1919.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1919

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THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, Ediwr.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-THE WILLIAM BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA SIGNS OF THE TIMES . 81 THE NEW CHURCH MISSIONARY AU,IANCE SOCIAL REFORM IN PORTO RICO HOPE FOR CHINESil hLITERATES A JEWISH AMERICAN CONGRESS THE MISSIONARIES 'I'o REJUlENA'I'E TURKEY EDITORIAL COMMENT . 87 THE HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFJiRENCES THE Y. M. C. A. UNDER FIRE CHINA AND 'I'HE VA'I'ICAN CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS By PROF. W. REGINALD WHEE1;ER 91 An illuminating article by the author of "China m,d the World War," a professor in Hangchow Christian College, showing what has been the in- fluence of the war on China, alld the consideration this republic should have at the Peace Conference.

THE WAR'S CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN UNITY By PROF. WM. ADAMS BROWN, D. D. 97 A clear and inspiring statement of the influence of the war in bringing about a closer cooperation between the various denominations.

AFRICAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR. . By JOHN H. HARRIS 103 Author of "Dawn in Darkest Africa," an authority on social and moral questions in Africa, who "eviews the steps that should ve taken to develop Africa with the re-establishment of peace.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. . By REV. CHARLES E. SCoTT 109 One of the most realistic writers on China describes the faithfulness of Chinese Christians under persecution, not only in BO!rer days but today.

THE WILLIAM BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA By GEORGE E. KING, M. D. 115 THE MIAU MEN OF CHINA. . By J. FRANKLIN KELLY, M. D. 118 ENCOURAGING SIGNS IN LATIN AMERICA. By REV. S. G. INMAN 119 THE OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS TO THE JEWS . By REv. S. B. ROHOI,D 123 SHALL CHINA HAVE AN ALPHABET? . By PROF. H. P. BEACH 127 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 131 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. W. H. FARMER 137 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS . 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY – . 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copynghted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter. at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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ROllER'!' E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAI,TER McDoUGAI,I" Treasurer EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT THE REVIEW AND THE Him in intercession that the Holy UNITED CAMPAIGN Spirit may impart His shower of blessing there. The 'News from For many years the REVIEW has Many Lands' in the REVIEW has been consistently stood for cooperative ef- an aid to me. Many difficulties in fort in missionary work at home and the way of suffering Love and Judgabroad. We have sought to present ment have been cleared up. I have the world as a whole, with its needs found much use to be made of the and open doors for the Gospel of Imprecatory Psalms." . Christ. We have opposed overlapping, waste of energy and money by Is not this a practical suggestion failure to develop a unified program of great value to other readers? and to employ the methods which Many are using the magazine as a have been found most successful by prayer calendar. various Boards. We have sought to bring the Home and Foreign mis- *** sionary campaigns together into one harmonious effort to evangelize the WHAT ARE "FELLOWSHIP world, and we have consistently ad- SUBSCRIPTIONS !" vocated the necessity of members of each denomination knowing the work The workers of a Chinese Mission of other organizations. write to us that they keenly feel the need for the REVIEW in their Today a united campaign for edu- work. Having no funds available cation and achievement is seriously they have appealed to us to send the proposed by the Home and Foreign magazine to their Reading Room. Mission Boards, and the REVIEW is This would mean that they would planning to cooperate energetically be reached with the message of the in such a campaign. The coming REVIEW, but here is our dilemma, numbers will report more thoroughly. we have many similar requests and than ever the salient facts, and show have no funds available for this the progress and the methods that good work. It is with very sincere are approved by the leaders of all regret that we express our inability evangelical churches. If you and to comply with these worthy appeals, your friends could ever afford to be and we have thought that perhaps without the REVIEW, you cannot af- REVIEW readers may be glad to help ford to do so in the months to come. if they understand the situation.

*** Vill you be a: friend to some one unable to subscribe, but who would THE REVIEW AS A PRAYER value the REVIEW as you do? The monthly visits will bring a twelve- CALENDAR fold blessing, and will carry their message of Christian fellowship. A missionary in Sivas, Turkey, Each Fellowship Subscription costs writes: "When I was laid aside by only $2.50 a year. Address the Cirsevere illness in 1913 from active culation Manager, in care of THE missionary service in Turkey, as MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, strength by the dear Lord's blessing 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. came back to me, I commenced a work of intercession which rapidly THE ANNUAL MEETING increased in 'detail and the joy of the service. It was to isolate the Risen The Annual meeting of the MIS- Lord with the various mission sta- SIONARY REVIEW Publishing Co. will tions separately, and by a careful be held in the Assembly Room of the study of the Word to' get down as Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misdeeply as possible into just what sions 156 Fifth Ave., New York, at He wants of them; then to rise with 3 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer will speak and reports will be presented. of the New Era Movement The Laymen's Council completes the organization of the New Era Move- ment. In addition to the Council the representation consists of committees from General Assembly Executive Commission Ten Boards and Agencies Women's Boards Church-at-Large The executive officers of the movement include the Moderator and Stated Clerk of General Assembly. The executive committee includes the executive officers and representatives of component organizations.

THE LAYMEN'S COUNCIL CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVE PRESBYTERIANS Henry P. Crowell, Chairman, Chicago. William Livingston, Detroit, Mich.

Han. ThomasR. Marshall, Washington, D. C. Henry Leland, Detroit, Mich.

Gov. Charles S. Whitman, Albany, N. Y. Emory W. Clark, Detroit, Mich.

Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Ind. Francis S. Phraner, Summit, N. J.

John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn. Cyrus H. McCormicl.., Chicago. 1- B. Forgan, Chicago. Alexander R. Nicol, New York City.

Edwin M. Bulkley, New York City. John V. Farwell, Chicago.

Arthur Curtiss James, New York City. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago.

James H. Post, New York City. Robert J obnston, St. Louis, Mo.

James N. Jarvie, New York City. James B. Welcb, Kansas City, Mo.

Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia. Nelson H. Loomis, Omaha, Neb.

John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. D. D. Dayton, Minneapolis, Minn.

Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. John Porter, Spokane, Wash.

Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. William M. Ladd, Portland, Ore.

., A. H. Whitford, Buffalo, N. Y. Robert Dollar, San Rafael, Cal W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N Y. A. H. Jobnson, San Francisco, Cal. D. S. Alexander, Buffalo, N. Y. John Willis Baer, Pasadena, Cal.

William A. Harbison, Pittsburgh. D. B. Gamble, Pasadena, Cal.

Wilson A. Shaw, Pittsburgh. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas.

James G. McNary, EI Paso, Texas. Wilbur P. Manley, Sioux City, Iowa.

Sereno P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio.

The Council, though an advisory body, has already taken a very active part in the operation of the New Era Movement. It held its first meeting at general offices (I56 Fifth Avenue, New York) November 19, with a representa- tive attendance and perfected certain plans and made other recommendations which vitally affect the stability of the movement.

. THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT, of the Prwb;yterlan Ohurch ID the U. S. A..

166 FIUh Avcmue, No York.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY lbcVICW o~ THC WOR~D in writing to advertisers Important Items of news from the present 'Iumber of the ~VIJlW. suitable for use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings 1. A Woman's Police Reserve Corps has been formed in Porto Rico to assist in a "Clean Up Campaign" on the whole Island. "Four Minute Men" are busy rais- ing a fund to initiate industrial work for the women rounded up in the Courts. (See page 81) 2. Mohammedanism seems to be breaking down in North Africa. Seven thousand miles of railways, irrigation and military discipline promise to make the land of Carthage again a factor in world civilization. (See page 83) 3. A Chinese student, returning from America after having received the degree of Ph. D. was faced with the alternatives of using his education to make a for- tune or to accept a meager salary in Christian service. He chose the latter because his father, mother, brother and sister chose death rather than deny their faith at the time of the Boxer outbreak. (See page 91) 4. The solution of all material reconstruction in Africa is a land solution, and public opinion is beginning to realize that oppression practiced upon the child races of' the world is an unerring boomerang. (See page 103) S. The sufferings which came upon the Chinese Christians in 1900 were greater only in degree than which today are often visited upon those who boldly come out and confess Christ. The tricks and devices of fellow-villagers to humiliate and torture a Christian neighbor are numberless. (See page 109) 6. San Marcos University in Lima, Peru, founded in 1551 and therefore the oldest university in America, has recently done the unprecedented thing of conferring the degree of Doctor of Letters on John A. Mackay, a young Scotch mission- ary. (See page 119) 7. The El Mercurio of Valparaiso, one of the leading dailies of South America, had the chapter on Chile from the Report of Protestant Missions in Latin America translated and printed in its entirety, in spite of the former conservative policy of the. editor not to deal in any way with Protestant missions. (See page 119) 8. A Confucian teacher in a private school of Tientsin, China, brought his entire school with twenty-five students under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, introduced the mission curriculum and is teachinj;( at $6 a month. (See page 142) 9. In 1916, tile number of children working in factories in India was 15,780. A more universal enlightenment will do away with economic serfdom for little children, and as a measure in this direction the Methodist missionary leaders will place thirteen hundred more teachers in the India field. (See page 146)

• HAWAII Hospital in

A MAP OF THE CONTENTS …

OUR VIEW OF THE WORLD IN THIS NUMBER .

L£ADING ARTICLES AND EDITOIUA1.5 AREJNPlCATED BY TlTI.£S TKE HUMBER or NE.WS rrEMS ON EA.CH cOUNTRY IS JNltICA.TED • BY AJtMIC NUMERAlS

OF A YOUNG MAN'S CONTRIBUTION TOWARD CHINA'S

General View of the William Borden Memorial Hospital. in Kansuh, Western China. The central block with the Men's In-patient Department is at the left and Women's Department at the right. The two doctor's houses are between. The Yellow River is in the foreground.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. FEBRUARY, 1919 NIlMBIlK XLII Two SIGNS OF nm TIlvlES A NEW INTER-CHURCH MISSIONARY ALLIANCE C AN the Protestant churches of North .America do team work~ Is the church able to furnish a leadership for peace as clear- visioned and courageous as the leadership the nations have furnished for war ~ Have the churches of Christ as much in common as the nations that have fought against autocracyT If so, will they move forward under a unified command, consenting for the sake of their cause to sink minor differences, and merge their resources in a mighty, sustained and united drive for humanity and the Kingdom of God on earth 1 Has the time come to project Christ's work on a world scale? Is it possible to finance peace as thoroughly as we have financed wad Has the hour struck which challenges the Church to its supreme effort to redeem the world'

These were some of the questions which were considered in the Conferences of Representatives of Home and Foreign Mission Boards, when one hundred and fifty men alid women gathered in New York on.December 17th in response to the invitation sent out by the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States.

At the conclusion of the discussion the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: "Moved, that it be the sense of this meeting that there should be a united campaign in behalf of the missionary and benevolent work of the evangelical churches· of North America, as represented by their organized national boards or agencies and such affiliated interdenominational agencies as it may be found wise to include after further conference.

"Moved, that the chair appoint a committee of fifteen, of which the chair shall be one, for the purpose of preparing a plan, to be il

submitted. to the Home Missions Council and the Foreign Missions Conference in -January, 1919.

"Moved, that this committee be requested to arrange if possible for a joint meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Foreign Missions Conference and such other agencies as would naturally be involved, when a plan as presented by this committee and revised by the conference may be submitted for final approvaL"

This movement may mean a new era for the Church, and if for the Church, certainly for the world. The restraints of autocratic government have been shattered; but if civilization is to be rebuilt, nobler restraints must take their place. Men must acquire selfcontrol, and individuals and nations must be led to relate themselves in terms of the Golden Rule. Only thus can. we hope for a better world.

What does this mean but that the Church and its message are absolutely essential to the new orded There can be no permane~t peace unless men obey the law of good-will. This means that the Church faces its biggest opportunity. If it is to meet the hour, it must project its work on a larger scale than any it has yet attempted. The clock has struck for the Church of God. Can she campaign on a world scale 1 Will she take her eyes off the past and look toward the moruing7 Will she be intenntiomJ and cosmopolitan, or provincial and sectarian 7 Have the Protestant churches of North America enough statesmanship among their l(>aders today to create an alli:mce to save civilization and establish the Kingdom?

HOPE FOR CHINESE ILLITERATES T IE most difficult language in the world to read and write is probably the Chinese. Its words are all of one syllable, and in the Mandarin, which is the spoken language throughout all but the three southeastern provinces, there are only about four hun- dred and fifty sounds to represent the forty or fifty thousand chaJ;- acters in the dictionary. Each sound, therefore, represents many different words. An educated man must be able to read and write from four to six thousand words, and, as China has had no alphabet, the form of each word must be learned separately. 'fheir compon- ent parts often suggest, but are no adequate guide as to the pro- nunciation or the meaning of words. .

Missionary educators, who have had long expf'rienee in China, estimate that to learn to read and write their mother tongue con- stitutes a handicap of not less than two years' time in the education of all Chinese boys and girls. In a nation where the struggle for the mere necessities of existence is so exacting, it is, therefore, not strange that the great mass of the people are unable to read and write. This illiteracy constitutes one of the most serious problems

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

which face the Christian movement in China. Protestant missionaries have from the beginning laid great stress on education and have done their best to teach all Christians and enquirers to read the Bible. Nevertheless in China as a whole, probably one-half of the Christian constituency cannot read even the simpler parts of the Bible with understanding. It is pathetic to see men and women, who, after years of painstaking effort have learned to pronounce correctly the sounds of the words, fail to understand the meaning of what they have read.

Now a new era seems to be dawning, since we are told the astounding fact that an illiterate adult of average intelligence can learn to read with fluency and understanding in three or four weeks! In many parts of North China missionaries have -seen this miracle with their own eyes in hundreds of cases. A man walks into the London Missionary Society Hospital at Psangtsangchow for an operation. While he Jies on his cot recovering from the disease, an evangelist teaches him to read the Bible by means of a new system of writing, and 10, in three weeks' time this man, who was unable to read a line when he entered the hospital, walks out, not only cured of his disease, but able to read with ease anything in the Gospel that has been given him to take home!

An aged woman long past the years when there seems any hope of her ever being able to learn to rC'ad, becomes interested in Christianity and joins an enquirer's class in the neighboring mission station. Day by day a part of the instruction consists in teaching her to read this new system, and a few weeks later when she rpturns to her village, home she is the wonder and admiration of all, because she, too, is able to read intelligently from the little books which she has carried back with her.

This miracle that is now witnessed all over China is made possible by the invention of a system of phonetic writing adopted a few years ago by the Chinese Government Boarn of Education. Their system is composed of some twenty-four initials, twelve finaJs, and three medial vowel sounds. The symbols which are easily learned. resemble parts of Chinese characters, and are written in vertical columns. The symbols always have the same sound and any word in the language can thus be written by means of an initial and a final with or without a connecting vowel. Teachers can master the system in a few hours and even people of no education can learn to use it in a few days or weeks.

Under the leadership of the China Continuation Committee, pastors and educators, as WE'll as missionaries, have unanimously recommended the widespread teaching of the system throughout the Church, and a simultaneous drive for a literate Christianconstituency has been started and leaders expect to make· effective use of this new system in teaching non-Christians. By this means at last

the great masses of China's four hundred million people, and not simply the favored few, can be reached through Christian literature. The significance of these facts can hardly be overstated at the present time, when China is trying to reform her Government and to take her place amongst the great democracies of the world.

THE MISSIONARIES TO REJUVENATE TURKEY T HE outlook for the territories that were Turkish is bright for the coming year on account of the return of the missionary force that has been detained so long on this side, reinforced by as many recruits as can be obtained to fill up the gaps in their ranks and to undertake some of the new opportunities opening up there. Reconstruction will be the first great problem. Many adjustments of population may be expected, involving in some cases a radical change in missionary occupation and policy. The center of evangelistic effort shifts from the Armenian population to the Moslem; but the Armenian Evangelical Church will need fostering and cooperation for some time to come, since so large a portion of its leaders have been martyred. Pastors, preachers, professors, teachers, physicians and strong business men will be sorely missed. There is in America a body of capable and trained leaders, some of whom will probably go back to their people now. The Armenian evangelical forces all over the world will gradually be able to care for their own communities, allowing the missionary force to give its attention elsewhere.

Doubtless the aid and sympathy given the Greeks in their oppression and deportation will help to open doors of access to them throughout the Near East. The Greek civil authorities in Salonica have shown marked favor toward the Americans there; and the Athens Government has been friendly. Much needs to be done for the spiritual uplift of the Greeks of Asia Minor, to save them from the grip of materialism. Their own clergy they quite universally despise, except as they may be patriotic leaders; yet their Christian inheritance is rich and these Greeks can and will be brought back to the Saviour again, and to view things from the spiritual rather than the nationalistic angle.

But the greatest opportunity is for active work directly for Moslems. The remarkable instances, even during this so-called Holy War, of Moslems openly accepting Christ or secretly coming to study the Way, point to a readiness for Christian teaching which is challenging. Statistics of the two great Bible Societies just before the war broke out, show a constantly increasing sale of Bible and Scripture portions to Moslems. And the chastening, humiliating effect of defeat has been seen in the attitude of the Turk toward his Christian neighbors. Once the vicious and irreligious political

OF TItE TIMES 8S

leaders are removed, there should be no insuperable obstacle to the direct access of the Gospel to Turk, Kurd, Circassian and Arab. The experiences of the Reformed Church Arabian Mission have shown a wonderful opening for contact with the Arab tribes of the east coast region of Arabia. God grant it may not now be long ere even the holy cities of Mecca and Medina may be opened to the messengers of Christ.

SOCIAL REFORMS IN PORTO RICO M ISSIONARY work in Latin America was never so encourag- ing as at present. The World War not only brought all America closer to the United States, but it revealed the deep need of the right kind of religion, and an openmindedness in its seeking that is surprising. Another benefit of the war has been the light thrown on the social vices and the need for a new attitude toward these sins in Latin America. The following incidents are only a few of the many that show the new era in mission work among our Southern neighbors.

The military training camps in Porto Rico, with their vigorous measures against immorality within a ten mile zone surrounding the camps, have given the missionaries an opportunity to make a fight on vice in the whole island. Through their efforts, the Attorney General was induced to publish a pamphlet entitled, "Laws of Porto Rico in regard to Prostitution, Adultery, Sale of Intoxicating Liquors, etc.," in English and Spanish. This publication caused much . comment owing to a letter to the Judge as introduction. The Spanish papers have criticised it, and the public has been awakened as never before to the need of "cleaning house. "

When one of the missionaries went to report the case of a white slave, the Chief of Police suggested that the women form a Vigilance Committee to help stamp out the evil of prostitution. He addressed a meeting of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union on the subject, showing how the women could help the police to secute evidence that they generally lacked to convict cases.

The doctors in the Camp became interested in the movement, and aided a group of women and the Police Commissioner in forming a Woman's Police Reserve Corps. The press was flooded with articles and the women awakened to their duty in taking a leading part in the effort to help the police and military authorities in the task at hand. Posters were prepared in Spanish and English, showing the pictnre of a woman dressed in an American flag and waving ·aloft another flag, with the words : "ENLIST. CLEAN UP YOUR TOWN. JOIN THE WOMAN'S POLICE RESERVE CORPS."

Below this, were the letters W. C. T. U. Twelve hundred copies were printed and sent to every corner of the Islapd. The result was magical-more articles appeared in the press, some for and some

against the campaign. So many cases were tried that it became necessary for the authorities to secure additional prison space for the scores of prostitute women convicted in the courts. The one time prisons in Ponce fnd Arccibo and later at l1ayaguez were C011varted into hospitals for the care and treatment of these unfortunates. Due to the effect of prohibition for over a year, the prisons were nearly empty.

A JEWISH AMERICA~ CONGHESS T HERE is a "shaking of dry bones" in Judaism throughout the world. The sufferings of the ,Jews in Europe has driven hundreds of thousands of them to America as their' ,National Sanitarium." Now the liberation of Palestine from the dominion of the Turk, the declaratiqn of the Bdtish government on November 2, 1917, in favor of a Jewish State in Palestine, and the recent return of peace have aroused the Jewish national spirit and have led to the assembling of the first ,Jpwish-American Congress. This met in Philadelphia on Sunday, December 15, 1918, and brought together Jews of many nations and classes-laborers and professional men, financiers and manufacturers, philanthropists and pedlers; Zionists, nationalists, socialists, assimilators and internationialisis. There were all religious shades of J ews-orlhodox, conservative, Eeformed, heterodox and infidel. Judge Julian Mack of Chicago was elected President, and Hon. Nathan Straus, Honor- !art President. There were thr.ee secre,taries-English, Hebrew and Yiddish. l'he main resolutions passed by the Congress were: 1. That the Jews of Roumania should be protected and given full political, civil and religious rights.

2. That the P~ace Congress recognize the Jewish historic claims to Palestine and plan for the formation of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine under British trusteeship.

3. That the Peace Congress insert in the treaty of peace, regulations guaranteeing to Jews full liberty of residence and personal, civil and religious rights in every part of Europe.

It was resolved to call a world Jewish Congress as soon as possible after peace is declared.

Dr. Abraham Schomer, in his historic sketch of Jewish struggles, exclaimed: " We have failed because we have a body but we have had no head. We need a head."

Were there ever spoken more truly significant words 1 Israel l:as rejected the true Head of the body and cannot come into life and power until Jesus Christ is recognized as the Head of all things.

HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

O NE theme dominated the annual meetings of the Home Mis- . sions C?uncil and the Foreign Missions Conference,. which metdurmg the second week of January, the former m New York City and the latter in New Haven. This theme was "The After the War Program of the Churches." At the Foreign Mis- sions Conference this was expressed in a series of addresses on the ideals and results of the New Internationalism; and in the Home Missions Council by a series of papers and discussions on National Reconstruction. .

These meetings were preceded as usual by the annual dinner under the auspices of the Missionary Education Movement. The spirit of fellowship and cooperation was unusually manifest, and found expression in the unanimous approval at all of these meetings of a proposal to unite all the home and foreign mission forces of the Protestant Church in an "Interchurch World Movement." When such a plan was suggested a year ago it was saiel to be visionary and impossible, but one effect of the war has been to make men at- tempt the impossible, if it is ideal. The plan proposed is more fully described elsewhere. The REVIEW is in hearty accord with it, and has for years been a voice often apparently "crying in the wilder- ness to prepare the way" for such a movement. The central ideas are the study of the world as a whole in relation to men's need of the Gospel of Christ, and then by the closest possible cooperation, and fullest devotion on the part of all evangelical Christian forces, to conduct a united missionary campaign. We plan to keep our read- ers informed on this movement through articles giving the results of a close study of the fields, and the plans for a more widespread preaching of the GO!3pel to every creature.

A committee of twenty, appointed by the Foreign Mission Con- ference will, in cooperation with the Home Missions Council and the Women's Boards, select a general committee of one hundred to represent all North America. From this number an executive com- mittee will be formed. Humanly speaking, the success of the move- ment will be due to the selection of the right leaders, and to the hearty and unselfish cooperation of the various denominations. The chief aim is not to secure a large missionary fund as the means of winning the world to Christ but is to educate Christians to see the need of the world as God sees it, and to enlist them in prayer, service and giving on a scale adequate to the magn.itudeand im- portance of the task.

87

A large number of exceedingly able and interesting papers were read at both of the Conferences, and many of these will appear in subsequent issues of the REVIEW.

During the meetings of these Conferences the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, providing for national prohibition, was ratified by a sufficient number of states to assure its adoption. This was pronounced by one of the speakers at the Foreign Missions Conference to be the most important event since the Reformation. We are planning a World Temperance Number of the REVIEW, which will show the next steps necessary in the movement to bring about the world-wide prohibition of intoxicating liquors and habit-forming drugs.

THE Y. M. C. A. UNDER FIRE T HE most severe bombardment to which the Young Men's Christian Association has been subjected has not come from the enemy's camp, but from the American soldiers returning from the front. The Master's warning "Woe unto you when all men speak well of you" does not seem to be a danger from which the "Y" will suffer. Some have attributed the criticism to malicious propaganda, but it has been so general and at the same time so specific that it cannot be attributed entirely to enemies. , The Young Men's Christian Association is an immense organiza- tion which has become a world-wide influence. Since it was founded over sixty years ago, the Association work has been established in all the leading countries of the world, and in many of the mission fields. When the war broke out, the assistance of the Association was offered in the prison camps of Europe; and when America entered the war Dr. Mott and his associates offered to establish work in the cantonments at home, and to send men to conduct welfare work among the soldiers on all the battle fronts. Over 7000 Y. M.C.A.

workers have gone to Europe, Asia and Africa, and have' followed the armies in all their campaigns. There has been no question as to the great value of the Association in helping to maintain the morale, and the moral, physical and intellectual strength of the fight- ing forces on land and sea. Many of the "Y" huts have been de- stroyed in bombardments, and more than twenty of the workers have been killed or seriously wounded. Most of them have been remarkably efficient and self-sacrificing, and thousands of letters have been received commending their work.

What then has been the cause of the severe criticisms that have been made? On the one hand the "Y" has been charged with profiteering, and on the other with inefficiency and selfishness on the part of the workers. The former charge has been due almost wholly to misunderstanding, as the Association has never sought to make

EDITORIAL COMMENT

money from the canteen, which was conducted under Government orders but without free transportation. Consequently government "exchanges" undersold the canteens. No doubt, some Y. M. C. A. workers were dishonest. It is not surprising that there should be some leakage in the distribution of $75,000,000 by men who could not always be thoroughly trained and tested. It is also not to be wondered at that some of the workers should have proved unfit for such high service. Possibly twenty-five per cent were inefficient. Fifteen hundred men of this character would give color· to the statement that the whole organizatiQn was a failure. Such, however, was far from the case. The chief difficulty seems to have been that the War Work Council unselfishly undertook a work that was larger than they could handle. The number of American soldiers in Europe at the time of the signing of 'the armistice was four times the number anticipated, and a sufficient corps of capable secretaries could not be found. In spite of the effort to secure the best men, many were allowed to go over the seas who had not the ability or the Christian spirit to justify their selection. The specific charges of inefficiency and dishonesty are being investigated, and there is no good reason to believe that any failure will be covered up.

It is our conviction that the fundamental mistake of the leaders in this work was not due to any lack of high ideals, or Christian spirit of service, but was due to their undertaking a work in cooperation with governmental authorities which should have been under the direction of the Army and Navy. The War Work Oouncil and "Y" men were continually obliged to make concessions, if not compromises, to meet the demands of the Government. This involved the conduct of the canteen and the responsibility for entertainments (many of which were far from wholesome, especially when conducted on Sunday and in connection religious services). If it had been possible for the Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations to serve the soldiers and sailors chiefly by creating homelike surroundings for them, with a distinctly Christian atmosphere, and by conducting religious services, there is reason to believe that they would have been able to do a work of more permanent value, and would not have subjected themselves to such severe criticism. The nations involved in the war, however, including Germany and Austria, have no just grounds for general criticism of the Y. M. C. A.., but rather they have every reason for gratitude. Any failure on the part of the "Y" has been due to inefficiency of individuals, rather than to that of the organization; and to an effort to undertake too much, rather than too little. The spirit of selfishness has been conspicuous by its absence among most of the men and women engaged in "Y" work in America and over seas.

CHINA AND THE VATICAN T HE re-entrance of the Vatican openly into Chinese politics seems to be foreshadowed by the announcement that a papal legate or nuncio is to be appointed to Peking. For a long time France was the protector of Roman Catholic missions in China. In 1891 Germany undertook the protection of German Catholic missions, and later Italy assumed the protection of her missionaries. But the war has destroyed, Gennan inffuence in China, which had been carefully fostered until the Chinese official mind was prepossessed in her favor.

Now since Chinese public opinion has come into existence and has begun to make its own unenforced judgments upon Christianity and its effects, the time would seem to be approaching when "protection" of missions and missionaries in China by the Western nations will no longer be desirable or pennissible. This argument for a nuncio from the papal See is therefore not very strong.

With every disposition to be fair, one cannot view without concern this repetition of the Papacy's effort to take part in the political life of China. The effect upon the Chinese mind, which has only recently learned to dissociate the ideas of Church and State, will not be desirable from the point of view of Protestant missions. They are and should be recognized to be a spiritual and not a political enterprise; and the motive power which propels is spiritual, not political.

Protestant missionaries in China gave a demonstration of their view point in 1899, just before the Boxer outbreak. Roman Catholic missionaries had obtained the rank of civil officials and had made much of the fact, the priest ranking with the district magistrate, the bishop with the prefect, etc. When the Chinese government offered similar rank to Protestant missionaries, the honor was unanimously declined, and some years later the official status was withdrawn from Roman Catholic missionaries.

If the ideal voiced by President Wilson is to be attained, and the old methods of secret diplomacy are to be abandoned, there would seem to be strong reasons against any nation's receiving papal nuncios at their courts. Certa~nly the temptation to enter devious paths has been too much for the legates of that Church in times past. The Papal system is so essentially autocratic that an open and public statement of aims, such as the representative of a republic might make to his constituents, is for a Papal representative impracticable. For the good health of China and of the world there should be no papal legate at Peking.

HINESE INSTI'11''UUTTIIOON58-0LD AND

The old walls and the exclusive autocracy are passing away and the new institutions of learning and democratic prrogrress are coming to the front China, World Democracy and MMissions BY W. REGINALD WHEELER, HANGCHOW, CHINA A Member of the Faculty of Hangchow Christian College and Author of "China and the World War"

W HEN the United States entered the War, President Wil- . son expressed her ideal in so doing by the phrase: " The world :!gpmust be made safe for democracy." These words created a profound impression, for he did not say: America or Europe must be made safe for democracy, but the world itself, including the Orient, was to be safe-guarded for the common peo- ple. This ideal of international justice and freedom has been re-· emphasized again and again throughout the war: there have been no national limits set to the fundamental principles of the Allies, as expressed by their spokesmen. The principles of the Allies have been world-inclusive; and obviously any such world-program must embrace the situation in Asia and the Far East.

Half of the world's popUlation is in Asia, so that if it is 1n1o0t safe for democracy, it will be made dangeroul? by autocracy. Rus- sia and OChina, in their attempts to set up drmocracies, offer su- preme opportunities for exploitation and control by imperialistic powers, or for disinterested assistance by the' free nations of the 91

world. The United States could not live half slave and r.ulf free. The world cannot safely live with its popUlation divided hetween autocracy and democracy. "The ~Western nations are about to plaee in the hands of the oriental races the vast resources of civilization, machinery, factories, methods of organization, forms of government. It is of the utmost importance that when these forces are carried to Asia there shall go with them the idealism which has made their accumulation possible and their uses human. To give one without the other is to invite calamity both for East and for West."* Granting the proposition that Asia and China must be included in any world program of progress, the question arises: what can be done by foreign governments and foreign individuals to help carry out this program1 The service which other governments can perform seems clear. Dr. Wellington Koo, the Chinese Minister, pointed the way when in a speech in New York, he asked that the voices of the Far East should be heard at the Peace Conference of the nations; and that, in the future, international relations in the Orient should be built upon justice and upon the principle of the equal rights of all nations, whether weak or strong. Much has been written concerning the need of this new viewpoint in line with the Allied principles, as expressed by President Wilson and Premiers Lloyd George and Clemenceau. There is hope that at the Peace Conference such a viewpoint will be taken and that the ideals of the Allied statesmen will be carried out in the Far East by international action that is generous and just.

Stable democratic government requires a certain high level of intelligence on the part of the citizens of any country, and this level can be produced and maintained only by education. Education has been the keystone in the arch of the successful structure of the American Republic and other democracies, and in education of the right type will be found the solution for the problepls of Oriental democracy. The Chinese have realized this, and President Li Yuan-hung, in a mandate in 1917, clearly stated this viewpoint when he said: * * * "Ever since ancient days the efficiency of the administration and the protection of the nation have depended on education. I, the President, have been meditating upon this subject day and night, and have come to the conclusion that there are no means other than education by which the Re- public can be strengthened, especially in view of the fact that the moral standard of our people needs to be raised and their minds opened up."

This is the task before the Oriental nations, and especially before China. But the problem is too great for them to solve, unaided and alone. The Chinese government is comparatively poor; its revenues are inadequate to meet the strain of maintaining proper *Tyler Dennett, "Democratic Tendencies in Asia."-"Asia," November, 1918.

19191 CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS

educational facilities throughout the nation. In 1917 the budget for the current year for education, as drawn by the Ministry of Finance, was less than $10,000,000 gold. In addition to this a cer- tain sum should be added for private expenditures for education.

But in America, "where the school population is one-fourth of the school population of China, the total annual expenditure for educa- tion, has reached the vast sum of $1,000,000,000, or ten times the amount of China's budget. 'I« – Not only is their budget unable to meet the requirements of uni- versal education, but there are not enough trained teachers among the Chinese to properly staff their schools. Only twelve years have passed since the abolishing of the old type of classical study and the governmental welcome of Occidental subjects and studies in Chinese institutions. The time has been too short to make possible the training of enough teachers who are able to carry this double burden of instruction in both Oriental and Occidental subjects. As a consequence China, without foreign aid, cannot successfully edu- cate its citizens. She requires foreign help, and it seems she will require such assistance for some time to come. This assistance has been given, and must continue to be given, through mission schools and colleges, maintained largely by foreign funds.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN CHINA The part which missionary education has already played in the education of China is acknowledged by both Chinese and foreigners. Dr. Amos P. Wilder, formerly American Consul-General at Shanghai, has said, "Chinese modern education traces to missionary influence exclusively." Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck, one of the best known writers on the Far East, has said: "The feature of the greatest pennanent consequence in the history of our relations with China is to be found in the record of the contribution which Americans have made to education."t .

Dr. Koo has spoken of this assistance, and the consequent gratitude of the Chinese, as follows: "It is a general conviction on the part of the Chinese people that through their untiring efforts in establishing schools and colleges in China, through work as translators and teachers and professors, American missionaries, in cooperation with those from other countries, have awakened the interests of the Chinese masses in the value and importance of the new learning. Nothing which individual Americans have done in China has more strongly impressed Chinese minds with the sincerity, the genuineness, the altruism of American friendship for China than this spirit of service and sacrifice so beautifully demonstrated by American missionaries."

In the resulting division of the educational task between Chinese and foreigners, the emphasis of the former has been upon primary and secondary education, while the latter has built up "'China Mission Year Book 1917, p. 375. t"Contemporary Politics in the Far East," page 386.

E;DUCATING. THE; COMING LE;AADDEERS OF CHINA'S DEMOCRACY Representatives of Chin~~O ~g~le~~in:!e tt~e;a~t~[~h~h:ai:~O~(h~fhl~~~e:p~~tsShanghai. A generation more particularly institutions of a higher grade. Aside from the Indemnity College at Peking, certain military and technical institutions, and several normal colleges devoted to training teachers for the elementary schools, the great majority of colleges and universities in China are missionary institutions. Thus the universities at Peking, Nanking, Hankow, Shanghai, Tsinan (Shantung), Kiukiang, Soochow and Foochow; and the colleges at Changsha, Hangchow and Canton come under this designation. In many instances they are the only institutions of college grade open to Chinese students. Thus Hangchow Christian College, supported in America by the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches, is the only college, Christian or non-Christian, in a city of 600,000 and a province of 17,OOO,OOO,-the province, according to government estimates, ·being third in its number of students among the eighteen provinces of the Republic. In all these institutions a large share of the running expenses is met by fees from the Chinese students and in certain instances through governmental assistance. But there is a need for foreign capital and for foreign teachers, and the opportunity and the responsibility can hardly be overstated. Here is a very definite way in which American individuals can contribute to the cause of international justice and democracy and friendship.

In what spirit shall the challenge of this opportunity be met ~ The only sufficient answer would seem to be that inspired by the Christian spirit. China needs education; but she needs character more. The recent breakdown in her governmental machinery is due largely to distrust of the integrity of her political leaders; She needs men of conscience and character, as well as of brains. She needs more men of the type of C. T. Wang and S. T. Wen, the former a graduate of a mission school in China and of a Christian university in America, Vice-President of the Senate, and chairman

CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS 9S5

of the committee which has been writing the permanent constitution. His words concerning mission education have received a striking vin- dication in his own career. "The Christian missions in China are making a real and lasting contribution to the educational work of . the nation…. In all the political upheavals, the people find that those students who, through their touch with the mission schools, .have embraced the real spirit of living sacrifice of Jesus Christ, are the ones that can best be trusted."

A Chinese Ohristian, a returned student from America, has also expressed the spirit of our answer. He was the son of Ohris- tian parents; his father and mother and sister and brother, at the time of the Boxer outbreak, WfT3 givflll the choice between life and death, and all chose death rather than the denial of their faith. This son escaped and wVeent to America where he studied five years, receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from one of the large eastern universities on his return to China he was faced with the alternatives of using his foreign education in a business way to make a fortune for himself, or to continue at a meager salary in Christian service. He chose the latter, and last spring I heard him give the reason of his choicee": He quoted the verse from Hebrews ANOTHE.R FORCE IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA An Evangelistic Meeting for Chinese Students under the Leadership of Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

which speaks of the great cloud of witnesses which encompasses all those who are trying to run the Christian race; he said he felt that in that cloud of witnesses were'his father and his mother looking down upon him, and saying, "There is our son; he is running a good race. "So," he concluded, "how could I live my life selfishly, when they are watching me~"

The same choice lies before us all, whether we are missionaries in China or Christian individuals in America. The Great War has come to a close ; ten million men have gone to join that great cloud of witnesses. They have given their lives for the cause of a new world-order. Among them are those dear to us: in that celestial host we see the face of a brother, or husband, or son. .And in their midst is the One who is indeed our Brother and His Son, who first laid down His life that others throughout the whole world might live, and live more abundantly. "Wherefore, seeing we are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses," let us "highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain," but that we, like them, will "run with steadfastness the race set before us"; that we will look to Jesus, the captain of our faith, who "always leadeth us in triumph"; who has opened the way to that ultimate city of victory whose builder and maker is God.

A CHINESE GENERAL'S ANSWER "Do you really believe that Christianity can save China?" asked a student of General Chao at the Shansi Student Conference.

"If Christianity can save me it can certainly save China," was the General's prompt answer. Then General Chao told of his own conversion to Christianity. . When he was still a young boy he was one day given a copy of the Bible, Although he read practically none of it and understood less, still he could never get away from his first impression of Christianity. The appeal of the Gospel continued to come to him during the following years, although it was practically unheeded. Finally, while on a dis- couraging campaign against Mongolia the accumulated impression of years brought about the change in him from a reckless Chinese sol- dier to an outstanding Christian general. Now he is a leader in the Church and Young Men's Christian Association at Taiyuanfu, the capital of Shansi Province. His life story made a strong appeal to the student's conference so that his answer carried tremendous conviction.

The Christian life of this man and of thousands of others is the harvest from the work of missionaries who probably did not realize how far-reaching their efforts would be. 'God's spirit gives the in- crease.

War's Contribution to Christian

BY REV. WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN, D. D., NEW YORK I l!' one were asked to put into a single word the new and out· standing contributions of the war to Christian unity it would be a deepened consciousness of need. The desire for unity is no new thing to Christians. It has been in our thoughts and in our prayers for generations, but, because of the difficulties in the way, its realization has seemed remote. Even those who have believed in it most strongly and labored for it most earnestly have been afraid of going too fast. They have looked forward to a future world con· fer-ence when the great subject should be considered with. the thoroughness which its importance deserves, but in the meantime they have deprecated hasty action. So we have gone on making shift as best we might with our existing machinery, conscious that things were not right with the Church, but too busy with our imme· diate concerns to have time for a radical change of methods.

But suddenly we have been made to realize the bankruptcy of this policy of delay. Face to face- with the crisis of the world's need, the sinfulness of our own divisions has been revealed. But yesterday the speculation of the philosopher and, the prayer of the saint, unity has become a matter of practical politics.

What has been happening to the Church has been happening to the world. We have been finding out by bitter experience that if we are to live at all we must find some way of living together. For good or for evil, for evil if not for good, the nations are bound together into a common bundle of life from which no declaration of independence on the part of anyone of them can separate them. If we cannot find some way of living together in brotherhood and peace we shall have to live together in misery and discord. If the war has proved anyone thing it has proved this. The League of Nations is simply the attempt to translate into practical forms of political organization a conviction which has been forming itself in the minds of thoughtful men of all countries that somehow we must find a way to include our rival interests and desires within a larger reconciling unity.

This world-consciousness of need introduces the new element into the problem, let us say rather, into the task of Christian unity. For unity is, in the last analysis, an affair of the spirit. Without the will to live together in peace and mutual helpfulness, the best devised constitution will prove a scrap of paper, and the League of Nations only the last in the long list of tragic failures with which history is strewn. There must be a soul to inhabit the bopy, a :spirit to inform and direct the plans and purposes of the new inter. national organization, or we shall be doomed to failure from the 97

start. Here then is the opportunity of the Church to be the soul of this new body, to furnish the inner bond of principle and conviction that shall weld the separate peoples into one.

But to do this the Church must itself be one. This is true not for its own sake solely, or even primarily, but for the sake of the world. Our Master himself put Christian unity in this large context when He said of His disciples: "I pray that they be one, that.the world may believe that thou hast sent me.' , We must put the em-' phasis where Christ put it. We must realize that unity is not a matter that concerns the household of faith alone i it is the very heart and center of Christianity's contribution to the life of the world.

With this new sense of need, the war has brought us also a new sense of posS'ibility. It is the most signal proof of man's divine origin and destiny, that with the deepened consciousness of need there comes to him also a more vivid consciousness of power. The harder the task, the more resolute the determination to discharge it. The greater the obstacle, the more intense the belief that somehow and in some way it can be overcome. Of all the revelations of these marvelous four years the revelation of unsuspected resources has been the most amazing. We have had to readjust our entire standard of values. If anyone had predicted four years ago that it was possible within a year and a half to raise, train, arm, equip and transport across three thousand miles of sea and deliver on the fighting line of France an. army of two million trained and experienced soldiers, with two million more in reserve, he would have been laughed out of court; and yet the thing has been done. And it is only one of a multitude of similar revelations of unsl!spected capacities in men and in nations. History is a commentary on the word of Jesus: "With man it is impossible, but with God all things are possible."

What we have seen in the nation has had its reflex influence on the church. Existing standards have been revolutionized, old prejudices swept out of the way, new'convictions formed as to duty and possibility. The thing that seemed too hard for us but four short years ago, in spite of God's pointing finger and Jesus' reassuring voice, now seems to us obvious and necessary. It is only a question of finding the way to do the thing we know must be done and can be done.

NEW CONFIDENCE FOR THE CHURCH What are the elements in this new confidence which the war has brought to the Church ~ Three elements at least we can distinguish: first, a new standard of judgment; second, a new experience of comradeship in service; third, a more vivid consciousness of the presence and power of God.

THE WAR'S CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN UNITY

And first, A NEW STANDARD OF JUDGMENT. The change which has come over our thought, concerning the Church's duty and opportunity is a change that comes from seeing things in the large and from putting individual interests and duties in the right perspective. We have seen the effect of this change in the nation, as it has abandoned its traditional isolation and realized itself for what it is, a member of the family of nations. So, to each section of the Church of Christ, engrossed in its own special tasks and immediate necessities, t]jere has come a new vision of the Church as a whole, as we have contemplated our Christian responsibilities in the light of.the world's need and realized our inability to meet that need alone. At two different points we have been revising our previous judgment of our duty as Christians. On the one hand we have realized, as we have never realized before, how much we hold in common with men of other names within the Christian fold. On the other, we have gained a new respect for the convictions of those from whom we differ, as we have worked shoulder to shoulder with them in a common cause.

Face to face with the elemental realities of life, how much on which we have differed has sunk into relative unimportance, and conversely, how the great facts of our faith have stood out like mountain peaks above the mist; the fact of God in His righteousness, His wisdom and His love; the fact of Christ, our I..eader, our Brother, our Saviour and our Friend; the fact of the Cross with its revelation of a love which does not shrink from suffering, nay, which fulfils itself in and through suffering, a love for which nothing is too great, for which nothing is too hard; the fact of sin in all its naked ugliness of selfishness" and unbelief, and the greater fact of God's power to redeem from sin through the constraining influence of his Spirit; the fact of immortality, completing with its promise of a fulfilment denied here, the prophecy that love has written in every opening life-how these great facts of our common Chri~tian faith and experience have towered above all that was petty and divisive and made us feel our oneness with one another as we have faced the common tasks for which apart from them we should have been too weak!

Again, we have learned new respect for the convictions of others. Not that we have surrendered our own convictions or yielded our right to maintain them against views which we are constrained to believe inadequate or mistaken, but that we have come to see how much more complex and many-sided life is, how hopeless to exp"ect that within the family of God all men should think or feel or act alike. We have discovered that it is possible for men who differ in some thing!;;, even in some great things, to work together heartily and with mutual self-respect for the still greater things in which they agree. Where before we thought that our differences were a 100 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [February reason for keeping apart, we see now that they furnish the great- est of all possible reasons for coming together.

A second element in our new confidence has come from our experience of COMRADESHIP IN SERVICE. The new standard of judg- ment of which we have been speaking, it cannot be too often in- sisted, is not something which has grown up in the abstract as a matter of theory and of opinion. It has been discovered by living. We have come to see things differently because we have been doing things differently. Face to face with the common task, our old divisive methods have broken down. We have gotten together be- cause we have had to get together, and in the course of our gettiug together we have gained the new insight of- which I have spoken. Working ~ogether for a common end that has lifted us above ourselves, we have come to understand one another better, and understanding has bred respect and sympathy.

The experience of -comradeship in service is no novelty to the men and women who on the foreign field have been facing the embattled forces of a non-Ohristian civilization. But the extent to which we have been doing it is new, and the number of persons who have shared this enfranchising experience is beyond computation. One thinks of the service rendered by the Young Men's and Young Women's Ohristian Associations, by the Red Oross, and kindred organizations which, even though not formally Ohristian in name, are born of the Ohristian spirit and express the Ohristian purpose. But it is not of these that we are thinking now. Weare thinking of the new forms of cooperation that have taken place between the organized Ohristian churches as they have functioned through the war commissions and other emergency committees created to meet the instant need. We are thinking of such forms of cooperation as have been worked out in the United States through the General War Time Oommission of the Ohurches, which has brought together for common action representatives of between twenty and thirty different religious bodies. In this Oommission and the various committees which it has brought into existence, Christians who had never before met face to face have been working together like brothers, and in common ministry to their fellowmen in need -have gained unexpected revelations of their kinship of spirit.

This is not the place to tell the story of this common workthe work for our soldiers and sailors through the chaplains, regular and voluntary; the work for the men and women who form the great industrial army that furnishes the supplies and munitions to the men who fight; the work for the sick and the wounded and the destitute through the furnishing of supplies and workers to the great international organizations; the work for our negro troops and (or the communities from which they come; the work for a sounder and a purer national life as it has been carried on through the campaign against the liquor traffic and venereal disease; the work for the leaders of the next generation now in the camps and the colleges and the training schools as they stand at the threshold of their life work facing the question: what must I do with my life? These are only a few of the many ways in which Christians have been working together not simply as individuals but in forms of organized cooperation that carry with them the sanction of the Church as a whole.

In the heart of Camp Upton, near the administrative building of the Young Men's Christian Association and the headquarters of the Knights of Columbus, stands an attractive building which bears the title, Church Headquarters. It has a chapel of dignity and beauty, where under conditions that minister to reverence the more sacred and intimate services of religion can be celebrated. It has offices for pastoral conference, where chaplains, regular and voluntary, can meet men for private conference. It has residence rooms for visiting clergymen, and a conference room were from week to week religious workers have met to take counsel for the spiritual interests of the camp as a whole. The building was erected and paid ror by seven different branches of the church of Christ acting through the General War Time Commission. It was opened with a service participated in by Roman Catholics, Protestants and Hebrews, at which the Commanding General delivered the address. It has been used by all the religious forces of the camp with the utmost sympathy and harmony from that day to this.

. It is a type of the new spirit which is abroad in the Church, the spirit of comradeship in service, the spirit that is determined that, however many and great may be the things in which we differ, they shall not prevent us from working together in the things in which we agree.

One more element in the new confidence needs to be included, the most momentous and significant of all. It is the more vivid consciousness of THE PRESENCE AND POWER OF GOD. It has come to us as all great discoveries come, in ways we should not have chosen and which we did not expect. It has come to us out of the very storm and stress of the time, out of the deepened sense of need, or which we have spoken, out of our contact with forces so much greater and more far-reaching than we, that they have forced us to recognize the presence of an unseen actor guiding the issue of events to ends bevond our ken. It is a consciousness which has made itself felt in the most widely different quarters, in the lives of men who have been fighting, but no less in the hearts of those who have remained at home, awe-struck witnesses of the sacrifice which it was not given to them to share. It has found voice even in the daily press, with its recognition of an unseen presence over-ruling

the plans· of men for purposes that outlast the years and only worthily to be met by reverence and consecration.

From a private letter from Major James M. Black, Ohaplain in the British Expeditionary Forces, written on April 4th, 1918,I quote these words: "Two Sundays ago, the dark Sundayof the German push, I was at Headquarters taking the service. Sir Douglas Haig was there, anxious no doubt, but very quiet. He came up and thanked me afterwards for the comfort I had given him, and he remarked: 'Remember, the battle is not ours but God's.' He is a sincerely religious man whose faith is a big thing to him. I was glad to have been there at such a time."

"The Battle is not ours, but God's." This is a conviction which has been brought home to multitudes of earnest men and women during the momentous days through which we have passed, and in this consciousness of a power greater than man, seeing the end from the beginning, able to do for us more than we can ask or even think, is the last and most enduring ground of our hope for Christian unity.

A new standard of judgment, a new experience of comradeship in service, a new consciousness of the presence and power of God. These, We repeat, are the new contributions which the war has made to Ohristian unity.

But they must be used. Of themselves they are only an opportunity. It is for us with a courage that is commensurate with the need, to translate the opportunity into accomplished fnct.

THE GREATEST NEED OF THE HOUR Must not God wonder that there are not more intercessors in view of the imperative need for the exercise of this potent ministry?

The fundamental ne~d today is not of money-desirable as it is that the money power be more largely related to the plans of the expand- ing Kingdom. Nor is the chief need that of better organization, although anyone can see the waste, friction and comparatively meager fruitage resulting from the want of better coordination and distribu- tion of the forces. Our greatest need is not better plans-insistent as are the demands of the modern age for the exercise of a truer statesmanship and an abler Christian leadership. Neither is the primary need for more workers, although that might seem para- tmlunt. No, back of this and other unquestioned needs is the funda-.

mental need of more Christ-like intercessors. This, if adequately supplied, will carry with it the meeting of the other clamant require- ments of our day.

JOHN R. MOTT.

EVIIDDEE;NNCE OF THHEE; NNE;EED OF HUMMAANNEE; RE;CCOONNSSTTRRUUCCTION IN

Some slaves on the PorttUubgruese Island o f San Thome, West Africa African Reconstruction After thejWaar BY JOHN H. HARRIS, LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "Dawn in Darkest Africa"

·..HE part which Africa has played in the Great War may easily T. mean the greatest revolution in negro and white relationships . since the commencement of the Christian era. The demands which will be made by the African race, and the changes that must take place, command the attention of the whole Christian Church. Missionary organizations must lead in the social reconstruction which will inevitably result. When Colonel Mangin, in 1]9912, was instructed to create a French African Army, trained in the science of European warfare, none foresaw that as General Mangin, he would lead his Senegalese in the re.conquest of the Duamont forts and the CaiIllettewoods of Verdun. Nor was it realized that nearly a million Africans would take part in European warfare; nor, that Marshal Haig would draw his dynamite from the oil palms and cocoa-nut trees of tropical Afriicca. These facts have shown the inherent possibilities of the African and the tremendous resources 103

of the African continent; they have also opened the eyes of the African .himself. Civilization must therefore take heed, and the Christian Church must be in the van, if Africa is to be saved. from a future disaster.

LAND, LABOR AND PRODUCE It is asserted, but without definite proof, that the $2,000,000,000 obtained from the South AfriCan gold mines have involved the expenditure of a like amount. It is certainly true that gold wins approximately only its own equivalent, whereas agricultural investment in Africa repays its cost nearly 100 times. Men are awakening to the fact that African wealth is to be found not below the surface of mother earth· but upon its surface, and, second, that the role of the white man is that of consumer, while the African is the producer. The white manufacturer is asking how the African can be encouraged to produce larger quantities of vegetable oils, cocoa, sugar, cotton and fibre; and these questions are being asked in terms and in a manner which can only lead to a powerful movement for African reconstruction.

White civilization is looking to Africa and to the black man in Africa for a healing balm for the ravages of war. The main products of Central Africa are in round figures as follows.: Vegetable Oils and Fats,.,,"""";""""', … ,…….. $40,000,000 Cocoa and Sugar ……………….. ,.,., ……….. ,…. $20,000,000 Cotton, Feathers, Scented and Pulpwoods .. ,……………. $40,000,000 Total ………………………………… $100,000,000 Any man acquainted' with the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, and a working knowledge of government statistics and reports, knows that a way ought to be found for increasing that output of 100 million dollars to ] ,000 million dollars within ten years after the close of the war. . The solution of all material reconstruction in Africa is a land solution, hence the great land struggles which are already in progress come first in order of thought. Broadly speaking there are two . theories of African economics: (1) that the white man should own land and the native should be his laborer, (2) that the native should both own and farm the land, harvest his own produce and sell that produce to the white merchant. For two centuries the struggle be- tween the two systems has gone on, and there is some evidence that the second system will win. If it does, it will change the whole aspect of Christian missionary work, for the native will possess such a measure of economic stability that Christian Churches will become self-supporting, and thus inevitably selfcgoverning.

The system of white ownership and native labor spells heavy administrative charges for oversight and management, whilst the

A STAGE IN THE PROGRESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF

[Tree-felling in a Central A frican Forest]

native laborer as merely a wage earner does not put forth his maxi- mum effort. "'nere the native is his own producer, the output is greatly increased and the cost of production far lower. One com- parative feature of this situation is disclosed in the following pre- war figures: The German Cameroons territory is over twice the size of the British Gold Coast j both territories are equally suited to cocoa production, and the only difference is the system pursued.

In the Cameroons, with plantations under white ownership and native labor, the production of cocoa increased from 2,250,000 lbs.

in 1904 to 8,000,000 lbs. in 1912, whereas in Gold Coast the purely native industry increased from 11,000,000 lbs. in 1904 to 85,000,000 .

lbs. in 1912 IBy taking the land from the African natives you get the maximum of laborers; by leaving the land to the African natives you get the maximum of produce. .

The general policy adopted by Great Britain (but unfortunately not always followed) is first that all the lands of the Colonial·ter- ritories are the ownership of the inhabitants, that the Governor is the Trustee for these lands, and finally that any proceeds from the lease or sale must go into local revenues, with a share to the natives.

This system prevails with slight variations in Uganda and the West African territories.

LABOR SYSTEMS Prior to the outbreak of war, the worst labor systems were those of the Portuguese and German Colonies j the Portuguese due to a so-called Contract System, and that of the German colonies due to forced labor. It would be a mistake, however, to assume that it was only in these colonies that this type of labor and its attendant abuses prevailed: they were to be found in several political divisions, but they reached the most serious proportions in the Portuguese and German Colonies.

The object of Portuguese Contract Labor was that of supplying labor to the cocoa plantations of West Africa. It is estimated that from 1875 to 1908 nearly 100,000 men, women and children were landed upon the cocoa islands from the mainland of West Africa, and until 1908 not a single one of these unfortunate people had been allowed to return to Africa. Although the laborers were ostensibly carried across the ocean under "free contracts," many of them had never seen a contract, whilst force or fraud had been exercised in order to secure them.

But this tragedy was by no means confined to the slavery on the cocoa· plantations; the cruelties and deaths involved in securing the laborers in Central Africa were appaling. Mr. Joseph Burtt was told by a Portuguese trader that if he could get five out of ten to the Coast alive, he considered himself very fortunate, but more often than not he reached the AfriGUll Qoal'lt with not more than

AFRICAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THBE WAR

a two in salable condition. This is not surprising when it is re- membered that along the whole route of hundreds of miles from the interior the trees and roadways were strewn with discarded shackles, whilst these and hpman bones were everywhere the terrible evidence witnessed by Joseph Burtt, Henry Nevinson, Colonel Hardinge and Charles Swan, all of whom pursued their respective enquiries along quite different routes and for quite different objects.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA Plantation of -Oil Pa1ms representing 5SO0 to 100 years' growth, and marking site of ancient vil1age In the years 1908-1910 there broke out in England an indignant agitation for the abolition of this system, an agitation to which many enlightened Portuguese gave support, with the result that some effective reforms have been secured. From the total slave populations of about 30,000 to 40,000 over 12,000 have been emancipated, leaving in bondage today from 18,000 to 28,000. Recruiting on the mainland, whilst stilI attended by abuse, cannot be fairly compared with former conditions, but at the same time much remains to be done. Every slave must be set free and the alarming death rate amongst the laborers of nearly 120 per 1,000 must be considerably reduced before the Portuguese labor system can be regarded as at all satisfactory.

In most of the African territories forced labor has been inherent in the development of the territories, and under native law it was part of the communal control of native custom. European

Governments have also maintained the same policy, but in most territories there has been an ever increasing desire to abolish every form of compulsory labor. Forced labor for purely administrative purposes which benefit the entire community is not without excuse, but forced labor for private profit is indistinguishable from slavery, and this form of labor was characteristic of every German territory.

In ]'ebruary, 1914, a leading Deputy of the German Reichstag said he "would vote no more money for the colonies if energetic steps were not taken to protect the natives from ill-treatment and forced labor, for there had been more loss of life on the plantations than in the slave-hunts of former years." Dr.Solf, the Oolonial Secretary, did not, or apparently could not, deny these grave allegations, but said the Government was endeayoring to protect the natives and to "make their lot tolerable."

AN INTERNATIONAL CHARTER OF FREEDOM Public opinion is beginning to realize that oppression and fraud practiced upon the child races of the world is an unerring boomnang; already strong forces-Christian, philanthropic and commercial, are at work in England, France, Italy and Switzerland upon an International Government Oonference, having as ih; object the framing of principles for (1) the prevention of labor abuses; (2) the restriction of the sale of intoxicants; (3) the study of and prophy~ lactic measures against diseases. The motive power behind this movement is due first to a feeling of Ohristian duty, secondly for the honor of the white races, and thirdly for the preservation and increase of labor supplies for the tropics. It is being asked whether the United States will co-operate in such a movement-the answer will probably come through the churches and missionary societies, and for that answer European Ohristianity earnestly waits.

WAITING AFRICA "Passing" along a native trail in a remote region, I met a company of head hunters, armed with bows and arrows. I asked the leader: "Have the 'WORDS' come to your village yet?" His face lighted up as he answered, "Qh, yes, the 'WORDS' have come! A Ch;istian teacher came to live among us only a week ago." "Would the other villages about here like to have the 'WORDS'?" I inquired. He swept the horizon with his arm and said, "All of them, all of them are waiting for the 'WORDS' to come."

,CORNELIUS H. P AHON.

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BEFORE RULERS TO ANSWER FOR THEIR

Chinese Christians are still haled before magistrates or are persecuted in other ways becanse of their allegiance to Christ Salt and Its Savor in China An Answer to the Question: Do the COhinese Make Good COhristians T BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China from Within"

·0 one who has taken the pains to investigate the facts longer N doubts that the COhristians of North OChina in 1900 were founded on the "Rock COhrist Jesus." Some 20,000 native OChristians in North OChina, many of them of the first generation out of heathenism, deliberately chose to lay down their lives rather than deny their Lord. And the denial was made possible on such easy terms-all they had to do was to burn incense sticks before 109

the idols, or sign a paper that they had recanted the foreign devil doct.rine, or merely draw a cross in the dirt and spit on it.

The testimony of missionaries on the ground, of persecutors, of neighbors and relatives-was that some were tortured, not accepting deliverance . .. and others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword. In addition to the martyrs, many thousands more had their homes and property destroyed, being destitute, afflicted, tormented. ln the case of city riots, both missionaries and converts were stoned and hacked, if not sawn asunder.

Ohildren, even, confessed Him, thougli tortured. Bonds and imprisonment were constantly resorted to in cases where instant death was not resolved upon. .Yet they were faithful unto death.

All were tempted in every way, both to deny the Lord Jesus or merely to renounce their religion" for a time," and in both cases were begged by friends" just to bow before the idols whilst remaining faithful at heart." But, in spite of every temptation, many were tortured, not accepting deliverance. Others were jeered at in the moment of their death by.fire or sword, and steadfastly endured the trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. I knew of an old Ohristian who, given the option of recanting or of being immediately plunged into a caldron of boiling water, chose the latter.

Not a few were men who had formerly lived bad lives, but out of weakness were made strong.

And yet, though that crisis of 1900 brought forth its solemn and unbreakable testimony, numbers of Christians in the home Church seem to believe that China reverted to the so-called "rice'" brand of Christians, "those who are in the Church for what they can get out of it." This devil's lie about the quality of Chinese Christians since 1,900 everywhere persists. But the fact is that the sufferings .which came upon the church in 1900 were .greater only in degree than those which today are often visited upon Ohinese who boldly come out and confess Christ. .

Our station field stretches through five counties, with a populationestimated by the Govermnent at some five millions of people. I itinerate up and down through multitudinous mud villa.ges of peasants. . I know those villages and the Christians in them. I know that when a man decides today, no less than in Boxer days, to become a Christian he frequently cuts himself entirely off from the sympathy and companionship of his community.

There are few things more pathetic, that tug harder at the heart of a pastor, than the spiritual isolation of a single Christian or of a family in a heathen village.

If a maIl, becomes a Christian, the break with the hateful past has to be so complete that he concentrates the venom of heathenism

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

upon himself. Its temptations, its hoary customs, its blasphemies, its required· sins-gambling and law-suiting, cheating, concubinage, slavery; ancestor worship, witchcraft, superstition and demon-worship; geomancy and the vile power of priests-all rise up to smite him. So that he and his house, while they become a beacon of light for sin-tossed men, become also by the very fact of their conspicuousness, a ta,g~t for the deviltry of Satan and his servants. And in withstanding their onsets "these little ones" illus~rate what Li Hung Chang recorded in his diary as a curious fact for which he could not account: "This Christianity makes poor and lowly people bold and unafraid."

What is the daring of that break with idolatry, and what is its challenge to the powers of darkness, can be realized only by knowing concrete cases. The illustrations that follow throw suggestive light. These are all common, every-day sufferings, and endured for the sake of the Name. Not all have happened to the same person or in the same village; but they are the ordinary methods that make a Christian in the expressive language of the Chinese, "eat bitterness. "

First, there is the persecution that originates in the family. And this perhaps is the bitterest of all. One day I emerged unexpectedly on the street of a village, a village with one Christian, and saw ahead of me that young man crying and limping. He held his neck sidewise and stiff; his face, clawed fiercely by finger nails, was dripping blood; his eyes were blackened, his fingers were swollen; and he later showed me great welts on his shin bones. He had returned home from a cutting-bee with a queueless head, his badge of discipleship; his mother and wife and sister, feeling the family disgraced beyond measure and the spirits of their ancestors irretrievably outraged, rose up in their wrath, and with sticks and clubs laid to upon his body with such vigor that he required weeks to recover.

Again, I baptized the oldest of four sons; the father had protested to the son at the contemplated step. Soon after the father divided his inheritance. By custom, the oldest should receive much more relatively than the others. In this case he received nothing for himself and wife and children, though they had done their share in earning the common clan living.

Another Christian, a useful evangelist who later went to South Africa to preach to the coolies in the mines there, was an)nfluential man in his village, and secured consent of the village elders to turn a neglected temple into a Christian school. His heathen parents, incensed at such sacrilege, went to the County magistrate, and of him demanded an official destruction of their son. And he consented; for there is an old custom or law of the land, by which, in virtue of parents' power of death over their children, they can

so demand, and not be refused. Before the magistrate could execute the decree, the son had been warned and fled for his life, leaving his wife and children to great distress in the parental home.

Imagine a scene, part of which I saw: a wife tugging at the coat tail of her husband down the entire length of the long ambling village street, reviling him before a laughing crowd. For three mortal miles she hung on, cursing and attempting to pull him back from worship, till he arrived at "a Church in the house," of a neighboring village where he was to meet with fellow Christians. Then the wife turned and fled precipitately, lest some one beWitch her with one of the" Jesus pills" of cursed magic.

On the 23rd of October, 1913, while I was examining mature candidates for baptism, their parents stalked in, and threatened on their return home to commit suicide, if the candidates did not at once renounce their interest in a foreign religion.

Committing suicide is in China an accredited kind of protest ias common as emphatic.. When committed on aCCOllllt of the Jesus religion, it is "to spite" the renegade member of the family, and to discourage others from becoming thus foolish and impious, converts to strange doctrines. Common methods of suicide by the women pea!,ants in my part of the world, in protest against the male members of their families joining themselves to the Jesus Devil Sect, is to jump into the village wells, drink sulphur soaked off the heads 'oj!:' Jg.panes~ matches, or destroy themselves with the iCabbage knife.

It is a consummate triumph on the part of the suicide because it achieves double edged succession in two worlds at the same time. The immediate advantage to a suicide of this mode of procedure is explicable in the light of the Chinese belief and proverb: "He who arrives first at the yamen-with a bribe-wins the case." The spirit of the suicide hastens ahead and prefers charges to a judge of the infernal regions, before the opponent can arrive. On the other hand, manifold and continuous embarrassments for the living victim of the suicide are at once set in operation. He is often looked upon as a murderel', and lives abused and loathed.

The tricks and devices of fellow villagers to humiliate and torture a Ohristian neighbor are numberless. A man is refused the use of the village well; and many a tragedy occurs at night when he attempts to steal out and draw water from the old place or from another. Sometimes he is not allowed to grind at the mill shared by several families on the street. It is a serious business to get bread without flour.

For unwillingness to conform to blasphemous heathen customs, companies of villagers have made the bodies of many a Christian neighbor smart, and have reduced him to penury. He refuses t.) burn paper in worship to his ancestors; and he is despised as un-

WOULD YOU ENDURE l'HIS IN PUBLIC FOR CHRIST'S SAKE In this way Christians have submitted to persecution for righteousness' sake filial, a moral pariah. He refuses to burn spirit money to supply ghosts of the departed with good food and warm clothes for wintelr'; and he is condemned as a niggard. And some morning he awakes to find a hole dug through the mud waII. of his yard, and his donkey pulled through it. He knows it is useless to search for' it. Doubtless it has been butchered and sold on 'the market. Often he wakes up in the night to find his wall pulled down,-and no one can well get along without his wall; or he finds his meagre stock Qf brushwood/-so laboriously cCullt and gathered and carried on his

head down the mountain side,-stolen; or his crops lugged off, his ox driven away, and his straw burned.

He refuses to make a contribution to the expenses of the debasing, roving theatre, intimately linked with the temple. Its local appearance has been arranged through the priest, who gets a rake off for his pains. The heathen even ostentatiously demand of the Christian the use of tools in preparation for the spectacle. On the refusal of one convert, they seized him, bound his hands and hung him up by the arms to beams on the theatre platform opposite the village temvle, and there made him a spectacle, and, taunting, 'said: ,,You say your God is better than our gods within! Now ask him to make you come down!" On the consistent and repeated refusal of two brothers to pay that tax, the fellow villagers decided to seize and divide among themselves fourteen out of sixteen shares of land on the mountainside that belonged to the brothers. On appeal of the brothers to the magistrate the seizure was confirmed as justified.

In cases where Christians have preached to fellow villagers they have suffered many kinds of violence. One of our best preachers was run upon by a. gang of village bullies, who mauled him and hauled him around by his queue, and pulled out some of his hair. Not far from that village two Christians were selling Gospels and tracts,-as the law allows,-when the head village elder not only imperiously ordered them to leave, but kicked their supply into the dust of the street, and the boys threw some into the village pond, and gave away the rest to be made into shoe-soles.

When it was known that I was to arrive at a certain village, the heathen there, in order to humiliate the one resident Christian man, stole his barrow which he was to use to forward my stock of Bible portions, my food box, and my bedding. This vehicle is, for a Chinese peasant, a piece of property of considerable value anq. absolutely indispensable. It was never found.

How often have I received letters like the following from harassed Christians: "When our village learned that we had planned to open a Christian school here, they seized five acres of our land and four ponds."

"Village roughs found out t.j:J.at my son was carrying money for our school teacher, and they tore from him his big fur coat, and hat and girdle, and beat him nearly dead."

"I refused.. to profane the Sabbath with them; and on my return from my field last night, they had broken the doors and win- 'dows of my house, burned my goods, and outraged my wife."

In one village a company of men, wild with New Year's excesses, went to the home of three Christians of the village-humble, inoffensive men-seized and bound them, and nearly ran them through with knives.

(To be oonoluded).

OF A WARD,. SHOWING THE BRTCK BEDS WHICH CAN BE WARMED

WINTER The Borden Memorial Hospital in China A .-Hospital in memory of William Whiting Borden., Conducted by the China Inland Mission at Lanchowfu, Kannsuh, China BY GEORGE ·-E. KING, M. D., LANCHOWFU, CHINA O NCE upon a time right across the middle belt of Asia there were cities and forests and tilled land-kingdom upon king- dom, nation upon nation. They linked up Greece to Persia, Persia to India, India to China; or further north, Persia to Kashmir and Kashmir to China. Then, somehow, by war or famine or the encroaching desert sands-these civilizations passed away, and with the cpllapse of the means of communication the isolation of the different nations increased. But of that old roadway traces still.remain-bits, broken and separated, but enough to call to mind these olden, golden days when green clad rivers ran where now all is bare yellow earth, and lakes used to shimmer in the light where all that is left us is a vast hollow where farmers reap fat crops. Kansuh is at the broken end of that old road-used still as a means to reach China's greatest colony, her New Dominion in Turkestan. Kansuh is for the most part a mass of foothills of the Himalayasearth with scarce any grass to adorn it in these bleak frozen 'winter months. Up and down, everywhere hills of earth without rhyme or reason, but broken by two redeeming features; the one, rich valleys where water wheel,s… some 90 feet high, irrigate the land from the rivers; the other, rocky mountains with leafy trees and flowers and song birds. Of coal there is a good deal, of gold and copper not 115

PATIENTS BREAKING OFF OPIUM AT THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPI'Tl'AL a little. Mineral oil is also obtained. But the mountains that surround Kansuh and give it peace in troublous times hinder contact with the outside world, and will do so till the railway comes.

Reputedly poor, the Kansuh people have often more money than they seem to possess, for they do not spend it on their homes or on their dress. Kansuh has seen many troubles, and the year of awful memory is 1868, or thereabouts, when the great Moslem rebellion deluged the province with blood; and bands of Moslem rebels roamed the country. Then none dared to till the soil, so that wheat rose to 150 times its wonted price and even at that price there was sometimes none to be had. People with their silver in their pockets jumped into the Yellow River rather than die slowly of starvation.

This race problem is most acute in Kansuh. Chinese aga,inst Moslem-Moslem ag'ainst Chinese. Fear and suspicion fill the minds of the Chinese. To him the Moslem is a cruel, treacherous, deceitf1J1-.1 foe, who may today be all smiles and yet full of villainy in his heart. To the Moslem the ChinesH is a despised and unworthy master, unclean in his habits and benighted in understanding. To an outsider, it seems largely a case of the pot calling the kettle black.

In the heart of this country stands Lanchow, beautiful of situation, with mouuntains and orchards and river. And standing high looking across the waters to the city and the hills beyond is the hospital built in memory of the late William Borden of New York.

19191 THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA

While preparing to be a missionary to the Moslems of OChina he was called 'into the King's Presence.

The hospital has a large out-patient department, on the upper story of which are rooms for pathological work, and operating department-one for men and one for women. A passage-way from the upper story leads across to the in-patient departments which are on a higher level than the out-patient rooms. The men's inpatient department, and the women's ward are separated by two roomy bungalows for doctors. In the women's side there is also a house for a foreign nurse. Thousands of patients, COhinese and Moslems, have passed through this hospital, coming sometimes ten days' journey to get medical help. Some have taken their stand for Jesus OChrist as a result of the work, but only two or three Moslems have thus far given much promise.

There are accommodations for about eighty men and forty women, butthe beds are not all occupied yet, as the people are somewhat suspicious and distrustful still. It is the only hospital operating in this province, with its twelve million people, of whom perhaps two or three millions are Moslems.

This is "a city set upon a hill." Its message rings out for good or ill, very far afield.

MEN'S IN·PATIENT DEPARTTMMFE.l.NT WITH THE MOSLEM WARD AT THE BACK

Miau Men of

BY J. FRANKLIN KELLY, M. D., HAINAN, CHINA W E have met the Maiu men, Simple children of the forest, From the mountains of the mainland, Who are· strangers in our island, They have journeyed up the rivers, Climbed up high into the mountains, Finding homes within the jungle- There they burn down woods and thickets, Making ashes for their gardens, Growing corn, hill-rice and tubers, The "moudamin" of the Orient- The potatoes of the tropics- Also sweet "au-kia" or taro, And the citron of the South-land.

We would tell of their brave chieftain, Of the lettered brave's adventures, How he fought with those wild Bruno, W ell nigh losing eyes and eyelids; Then he came to mission doctor- "Dang Tin-tae" it was, theYaleman- Got his face patched, heard the Gospel. He it was who had the vision Of a white light in his dwelling, Brightening the darkened corners, Whitening the roof and rafters! Then, with sph:it deeply troubled, Came again unto the white men For more light and we all told him Light in this dark world is Jesus, Saviour of all tribes and nations.

Then returned he to his tribesmen- "Zit-kwang" he, the patch-face chieftain- Sent out letters to his people, Summoned them from all the mountains, Gathered them from all the forests, Lo they came by scores and fifties, Sixties and the hundreds. Thousands Now are listening to the good news; All are having dreams and visions, Dancings, shakings and upheavals, Sin confessions, new convictions; Fiercest strugglings with their demons. Then they gave up homes and treasures, Came out fully in the open Light of day with swift fulfilment Of the vision of the prophets; Now they've built a new pavilion Where they gather to their worship, To their reading of the Gospel, To their prayers and singing hymn tunes.

118

Signs in Latin

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE outlook for missionary work in Latin America was never so encouraging as at present. The World War has not only brought all North, Central and South America closer to the United States, but it has revealed the deep need of true religion, and an openmindedness in its seeking that is surprising. vv'e have already noted in these pages some of the changes that have taken place in Brazil and in Chile through evangelical Christian influences, and in Porto Rico as revealed in the remarkable moral reform movement; now we record a few other scattered incidents among many that show a new era dawning for evangelical work among our southern neighbors.

PERU-HONORS TO A SCOTCH MISSIONARY San Marcos University in Lima, Peru, was founded in 1551, nearly a hundred years before John Harvard began his school in Cambridge. It is therefore the oldest university in America. With all of its conservatism, located in one of the most fanatical countries in South America, it has recently done the unprecedented thing of conferring the degree of Doctor of Letters on John A. Mackay, a brilliant young Scotch missionary, who began work in Lima two years ago. The press of Lima continues to refer with enthusiasm to this unusual event, which cannot fail to have a splendid effect on evangelical work in Peru where the constitutional prohibition against religious freedom was removed only two years ago. Dr. Mackay is reaping the benefit of his thorough preparation, which consisted, after graduation from his own Church College in Scotland, of two years' post graduate work at Princeton and one at Madrid University, followed by a tour all through South America. Besides his regular mission work, he is now giving a course in literature in the University of San Marcos.

BRAZIL SHOWS CONFIDENCE IN NORTH AMERICAN MISSION It is gratifying to note the confidlmce recently displayed by the Brazilian Government in the Southern Presbyterian Mission, Because of the great scarcity of food in different parts of the world, the Government has thought it necessary to inaugurate a campaign for increasing the production of foodstuffs throughout the country. To assist in this campaign for "Conservation and Increased Production of Food Supplies," the Government has called upon MI'. Hunnicutt, Director of the Laras School of Agriculture, and he is now giving a large part.of his time to this good work.

119

This Mission also has recently received a very remarkable offer from the leading men of the Government of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. It is asked to establish near the state capital, a school organized along the lines of the Southern Presbyterian School at Layras-a Gymnasio and an Agricultural School. To induce them to undertake the work, they are offered, for fifty years, the use of an immense estate (some ten thousand acres of land) with thorough-bred cattle, improved farm machinery, buildings for dormitory, class-rooms, barns, etc., with the probability of advantageous purchase, or' renewal of contract at the end of the lease. It is an off,er such as comes but once in a lifetime. There is no curtailment of liberty in the matter of religious instruction-in this respect the school is to have carte-blanche.

In this same city of Natal, the Government has a large school for girls, to direct which they have recently called Miss James, a former teacher in the Mission School at Pernambuco. The Government proposes to back Miss James, who has had special training in Teachers' College along those lines, in developing modern domes· tic science courses and others that will fit young women for practical life. They have requested her to make a trip to the United States for the purpose of engaging other young women to help her in this task.

CHILE'S BIG DAILY PUBLISHES MISSIONARY REPORT On a recent trip to South America I took occasion to express to prominent men my belief that if Pan-Americanism ever amounted to much, a frank discussion of religious questions must take place among the peoples- of the various countries. When the report of this tour was issued, it was sent to most of these prominent men. Among them was the editor of " El Mercurio" of Valparaiso, one of the most important dailies of South America. The editor, in spite of the former conservative policy not to deal with Protestant Missions, 'had the chapter on Chile translated and printed in its entirety in his paper, saying that it was interesting to know of the growing strength of Protestantism in the country.

In discussing Chile-a most conservative country and often believed to be very pro-German-it is interesting to note that a committee of prominent young Chileans, in Valparaiso, decided recently to raise a fund of $50,000 (pesos) for the American Red Cross. A regular "Yankee Drive" was put on and' netted $350,000-seven times their original goal.

NEW FIELDS OF SERVICE BY Y. M. O. A. IN VALPARAISO The demands in Valparaiso for a night school for women was so insistent recently that at last the Association decided to heed the call. The use of a room in the public school building was granted

ENCOURAGING SIGNS IN LATIN AMERICA

by the authorities free of rent. The money needed for the installation of lights was raised among the members of the Association. A good teacher was secured and the school opened with forty scholars enrolled. This opening interest is an eloquent testimony concerning the necessity for a Young Women's Christian Association.

At the request of a North American lady residing in Valparaiso who is interested in the homeless boys of the city, the Secretary made an investigation with reference to the opening of a home for these boys. The Chief of Police was called on and told of the project. He listened attentively and said, his face beaming: "This is not new to me. I have thought of such a home for these boys for several years, but the work has to be done 'by volunteer workers to succeed. We have a house that we .can turn over to you free of rent, and fifty beds. We will cooperate by bringing the boys to you instead of to the lock-ups. We want this home very much because now we can only put the boys in with other criminals-and that is not lessening crime, but making criminals." And now the only nQed is the right men to conduct the work.

PARAGUAY'S WELCOME TO MISSIONARIES Remarkable indeed was the welcome given by the leading citi- zens of Paraguay to Dr. W. E.Browning, Educational Secretary of the Oommittee on Cooperation in Latin America, and Rev. C. M. Morton, of the Disciples Mission Board, who went to Asuncion re- cently to map out a program for the new Mission to be established by the Disciples. Every man with whom they conversed expressed himself as delighted at the thought of having an Evangelical School in Asuncion, and as willing to help it in every way possible. Presi- dent Manuel Franco said: "Educational work is much needed in Paraguay. Our people . need a practical education. The girls should be taught to sew and to wash and to take care of the home. The boys should learn a use- ful trade. A 'Manual Training School' and a 'School of Agricul- ture' are much needed. There are good public lands which we could give you for an Agricultural School, and there is even an Experi- ment Station already begun by the Government which you might take over, equipment and all. What about your religious teaching? Is it of the confessional type 1"

Ex-President Schearer, and no doubt the future President of the Republic, was especially enthusiastic about the opening of the school and said: "My eldest child is in a Catholic school but I consider the in- struction very deficient. I will not send him to a government school, for the influence is not good. If you will begin your school in March, 1919"", even on ·a small scale, I will send you three children from the first day. The delay of a year in making effective your

plans for opening a school may prove fatal to the project and mean the loss of the opportunity. You should plan to begin your work as soon as possible, and you can count on my personal and official influence to the full. " Dr. Eusebio Ayala, the Minister of Education said: "We need you here. We are disposed to help you in auy way possible. As to religion, most of the men are indifferent. No oue is fanatical. There will be no trouble for you from a religious standpoint.: ' One of the principal dailies of the Capital had the following editorial on the subject: "In -fulfillment of our promise to give further details in re- gard to the object of the visit of Dr. Webster E. Browning and Professor Clement Morton, of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, we have interviewed them with the object of securing facts in the matter of the development of their plans in Paraguay, since it is known that they expect to make extensive to our country the beneficial and philanthropic 'work which they represent. Dr. Browning forms part of a vast educational organization which works toward the diffusion of culture in all South .America, and which has a special department for cooperation in such work. He is the Educational Secretary of this organization. In this position, he has had opportunity to study thoroughly the courses of study, the programs and systems of education of a large number of South .American countries, in almost all of which there are at present institutions connected with this organization. In Brazil, for example, there are probably twenty-five such establishments, many of them large colleges in the large cities.

"The school which it is proposed to found in our country, and which will begin its work just as soon as possible, will offer instruction in all the usual primary and secondary grades, and will have a boarding department. "

Care was taken to let the people know clearly the religious purposes pervading the work to be undertaken. Dr. Browning said to the Minister of Public Instruction, "You understand, of course, that we do not belong to the dominant Church of Paraguay." He merely smiled and suggested that this was a further recommendation and added, "The men of Paraguay have no religion.)J To which Dr. Browning replied, "Unfortunately!" But he merely shrugged his shoulders. It was evident that the people, in general, will welcome the school all the more generously because it is evangelical, rather than Roman Catholic, especially the men who are in the Government and high in authority in other circles.

Outlook for Missions to the

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S.

Pastor· of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto, Canada T HE leading Jewish Press in reviewing the Jewish position in the world declares: «that all things have become new!" And all this is the result of the single declaration made by the Right Hon. Arthur· James Balfour on behalf of the British Government a year ago. We cannot give a better illustration of this exalted feeling than to give a few sentences from the editorial of The American Jewish Chronicle of November 1st, 1918: "Just a year ago tomorrow, there occurred what Jewish annals will record as the most important event in the post-exilic history of the Jewish people. On the 2nd of November, 1917, Israel, the age-long wanderer, ceased being an exile. By the voluntary proclamation of one of the greatest of the wQrld-powers, greatest in point of material resources, territorial dominion and political influence, the status of the Jew has become radically transformed. From a wandering tribe, Israel became a nation once again; from a people immersed in dreams and hugging vain hopes and empty schemes for a millenium in which he might not share, he. found himself all at once a full-fledged member of the family of nations with the solid ground under his feet. And wonderful as has been the results of the British declaration in revivifying the spirit of our people, the full effect of the memorable political statement upon the morale of the world's Jewry is even now scarcely realized by the Jews. Posterity alone will be able to estimate at its true worth what we, owing to our nearness to the event, are scarcely able to fathom with any appreciable degree of accuracy. Never before has the Jewish world been so aglow with hope and expectancy and the determination to labor and sacrifice and achieve, as it has been in this most memorable of years. The Balfour declaration has come to be known as the Magna Charta of Jewish freedom."

The strange thing is that some very thoughtful students of prophecy tell us that the whole fortunes of the War assumed a radical change soon after this memorable Declaration was made by Mr. Balfour. The prophetic references are many and striking. The changes also that soon followed on the battlefields are significant. The Holy City was delivered from the 'Turk by a Christian Army and from that day success after success followed the Allies.

All these speculations are interesting. They may be helpful to some devout souls, but they are full of grave dangers. It is true that the whole Jewish position and outlook have changed externally. The star of hope with regard to the Jewish future 123

shines brightly. The British Declaration favoring the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, and promising to aid them in their national aspirations, has become an important factor in the so-called Jewish practical politics. Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia are delivered from Ottoman dominion, never to go back. The Roya] Jewish Commission is already engaged in the reconstruction of the Land with marvelous results. France, Italy, Greece, and now the United States, have officially declared their approval of the "British Declaration."

All these events are truly epoch-making. The Christian and the secular press have exhibited the keenest interest and have promised their support. The Christian Church has passed favorable resolutions, while Bible teachers, orators and speakers have made it the theme of addresses and deliberations. No subject has secured a larger and a more sympathetic audience.

But these very things, which dazzle the natural eye, may obscure the true picture. The lime-light is turned on the things that please, while many miss the reality. Is all well with Israel ~ It is easy to follow the crowd and sing the popular choruses; it is hard to be in a minority, and to be called "a mourning Jeremiah!" But we must not be disloyal even to the extent of being acquiesoent and passive.

Many and great changes have taken place within Jewry during the past four years. We cannot now describe these or the impending crisis. But if the Church will not now consider the Jewish question in its true light, the Church will have to face a real menace ere long.

THE CHURCH PASSIVE} JEWRY ACTIVE While the Church is passive, Jewry is active. This is shown by a careful study of a hundred different Jewish IDlsslOnRry reports, periodicals and pamphlets. While the official Christian Church is supposedly waiting for an opportune time, and for the so-called favourable point of contact to bring the Gospel to the Jews, the Jewish Press and leaders have been actively assailing Christianity and Christian doctrine.

Israel as a nation in her attitude towards Jesus and Christianity has not changed; she still continues in her stubbornness, and the cry is as of old; "We will not have this man to reign over us." The four years of ravishing war, this hideous deluge of blood, and all the agonizing sorrows and sufferings have not changed the nation in this most vital of all questions: "What think ye of Christ 1"

Four years ago, when war was declared, the sum and substance of the editorials of practically all the leading Jewish papers was "Christianity has failed!" During the whole war this has been the unending chorus of the Jewish press. It seems so popular that

THE OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS TO THE JEWS

the leading JeWish writers are growing eloquent in their denunciation of the Christian faith. German·Jews have even made a boast which has been taken up by Jewry at large. They say: In "Judaism will emerge from this war much s*tr*on*ger than Christianity. fact" we expect it will supplant Christianity The war has vin- dicated Law against Faith. Faith in every kind of ideal has failed. Law has triumphed. Judaism being the religion of Law, must needs triumph too, whilst Faith is bound to fail. The natural conclusion is that Chris- tianity is bound to fail."

Leading Jews have not been slow in declaring that: "Judaism, if given the same chance as Christianity, (which they hope it will have as soon as this war ends) will undoubtedly take the wind out of the sails of Christianity." It is now quite common to hear a Jewish Rabbi preach on the "Failure of Christianity," and to point out the denial of such things as the "virgin birth" and the resurrection, by educated Christian ministers. While visiting a reformed synagogue recently, the Rabbi came up in full glee, and said: "Did you read in the papers what the German Christians did to the evacuated cities and to the poor people 1" We replied that it was awful and sinful. The Rabbi declared: "This is the result of your twenty centuries of Christianity." "Oh I no!" we said: "It is one result of twenty centuries of rejection of Christianity by the Jew."

Jewish scholars have been hoping that from their efforts will ensue a weakening of the Christian faith in Jesus the Crucified. Meanwhile the denominational Christian Church has been passive.

PALESTINE AND JEWISH MISSIONS The ordinary Zionist, as well as the self-appointed leaders, declare openly "that Missionaries to Jews will be excluded from the new Jewish Palestine." The Very Reverend Dr. M., Gaster, in "Zionism and the Jewish Faith," declared: "Faith and nationality go hand in hand; nay, they are indissolubly * * * united. No one can be a Jew who does not belong to the Jewish Faith, and he who belongs to the Jewish faith belongs to the Jewish Nation. A Jew who changes his faith is tom up by the roots. There is no longer any connection between him and other Jews. He is practically dead."

The prospect of a settlement of the Jewish question is therefore still far off. The difficulties from within Jewry are by far greater than those from without. The Jewish papers show clearly that a united Jewry is a dream yet unrealized, as Dr. Henry Moskowitz clearly shows when he says: "To the Jews of America, Zkmism has no poslttve message. The American Jew is nationally American only. T):1e American Jew will not tolerate any other national political loyalty."

But however divided the Jews may be spiritually and politically, in assailing a missionary or in attacking Ohristianity, they seem to be generally united.

A OALL FOR PRAYER The whole Jewish missionary problem is momentous, but its perils are vital. In Europe there are reports of awakening interest in Jewish evangelization. The London Jewish Society, the British Jewish Society, the Established and United Free Ohurches are all busy with plans for aggressive missionary propaganda in Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia. What is more significant is the decision of the' two historic Scotch Churches to build in Jerusalem a Presbyterian Jewish Ohurch to be a permanent memorial of the deliverance of the Holy City from the Turk.

At the same time, while the British Government is rightly aiding the Jewish Commissions, reports come that leaders are not thus far encouraged to engage in definite religious work in Palestine and the conquered territories. The Rev. Samuel H. Wilkinson of the Mildmay Mission to the Jews, has been obliged to abandon, at least for the present, his proposed missionary journey to Palestine. The Rev. J. MacDonald Webster, Secretary of the United Free Ohurch, writes: "The great sweep of Allenby's Army in Palestine and Syria undoubtedly brings the re-starting of actual missionary work nearer, but how near or how far, it is impossible to say. I do not think that even here, and probably still less with you, it is understood that no missionary work whatsoever is allowed in Palestine just now. The military authorities are making use of missionaries who were formerly there in relief work, but they are not carrying on missionary activity. It is indeed doubtful whether that will be at all possible until after the peace settlement. This cannot be too clearly understood, for to think that the fact that the Allied Armies have over-run that part of the Ottoman Dominion implies the re-opening of active missionary effort, would lead to untold disappointment. I am not so sure either that all this means the open door for the Gospel in Asia and Palestine. We hope that t~is will be so, but that will depend on the controlling power, and that is not yet settled."

Similar statements from other missionaries indicate the gravity of the situation. Does not this mean that it is time for the Christian Church to awaken, and for every individual who has the cause of Christ at heart "to take no rest till He establish and till He make Jerusalem a praise in the earth 7"

China Have an

A Means of Diminishing the llliteracy of Analphabetic China BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

T HE best educated Chinese, who knows no other language than his own, is not to be blamed for being analphabet. It is true that he does not know his ABC's, but that is because he has none. Occidentals hear it said that the Chinese written language has 214 letters which constitute its alphabet, and they deeply sym- pathize with a nation so grieviously handicapped. If that were true, China's illiteracy problem would vanish like the morning dew. * The 214 "letters" are not what ilt 'J' Ii! t! * we understand by that name, i" ilt CI! Y C as they give no certain indica- :J "'-1< -, "lIf tion of sound, more often noneAI! ,. 1 >< P whatever for a given character. – tHt- . ml i" :: lit J 4. "

PI! ",1/'11 1j ..1- "J: -,'/< '-'1/1 .II it l:. ~ ~ -I »I They are simply the radical or r " j Jt it …, ……

dassifier portion of the ideo- .J1.Ji graph, used for dictionary pur- :II >l: ,. … ~ • II'l lit T 1., .. poses and often suggest the .11 ,~ ..f; J -~ . III II meaning of the word. Thus L.1.· If 7'. -II I ·- characters having the wood or tree radical are the names of JL ., If. AI-jr ~ I I 7-1 II " trees or wooden articles; the 600 heart radical is usually found in JL EI.L J/1.1~. aTz.~IiJ~i words relating to the feelings or CHINESE CHARACTERS: NEW AND OLD intellectual ideas, and the water radical is used in characters relating to the uses of water and in the names of streams. In short the Chinese has no alphabet, and each of its characters is expressive of an idea whose pronunciation will vary as widely in the Chinese dialects as the different words two, deux, zwei, duo, etc., in European languages, while each gives + the reader an idea conveyed by the Arabic symbol. Similarly mathematical signs, like and – arid chemical and astronomical symbols, express to all scholars common ideas, though differently named in the various languag€s.

As the Chinese have not boon lacking in ideas, the Imperial Dictionary of K' ang Hsi, the standard one of the language, albeit two centuries old, contains 44,449 characters, and since its publication thousands have been added to the list. While scholars do not commonly write more than five or six thousand, and though five times that number may be all that are in use, one can readily see what an endless burden it is to acquire and retain in memory even a few thousand of these.

127

The lack of an alphabet has so retarded the acquisition of the Chinese characters that other nations using them as their written language have for oenturies sought relief from the memorization of endless ideographs. Thus, the Japanese beforel the end of the ninth century of the Christian era had restricted themselves to a limited number of characters to be used as phonetic signs, and even these were abbreviated and made cursive. These attempts led. to the use of Japan's two syllabaries of 47 syllables, not letters. So also Korea attempted to shake off the intolerable burden when King SaJong in the fifteenth century gave his people the unmun or onmun phonetic alphabet, which one foreign Korean scholar asserts is unequalled in the world for simplicity and phonetic power.

In China itself, early Buddhist missionaries were so disturbed to find no alphabet, such as obtained in their native India, that they introduced what is called the fan ch'ieh, or system of initials and finals, to give the sound of words as is done now by the Chinese in dictionaries. By its use a character whose sound is unknown is represented .by two better known characters of which the first part of the first gives the initial sound of the unknown one, and the final part of the second the latter part of the sound. For instance, an unknown character, lang, might be pronounced by using the first sound of lin combined with the last part of mang, l-ang.

Protestant missionaries to China in the early days had few converts, especially among women and children who are most likely to be illiterate. But during the last half century and more, the necessity for teaching church members of the illjterate classes to. read the Bible and Christian literature gave rise to the use of the Roman letters for representing the sounds of the Chinese ideographs. Thus in 1852 the reading of a paper by Rev. Dr. Taylor of the Southern J{ethodist Board at Shanghai led to the appointment of a com-· mittee which later presented a system for the Shanghai dialect, using Roman letters with various diacritical marks. Rev. T. P. Crawford, D. D., a Southern Baptist, saw that for a nation utterly unaccustomed to phonetic analysis, it would be as difficult for the people to separate a Chinese word into its component English letters as to divide bird-shot into several parts, to use Dr. Blodgett's illustration. Hence, adopting the early Buddhist idea of initial and final sounds, he prepared a set of adapted Chinese symbols for repre-senting the two halves of every Chinese word. Shortly thereafter the Shanghai missionaries recommended it for use by the missions and it was so employed to a slight extent. Later, when Dr. Crawford removed to the Mandarin-speaking province of Shantung, he revised it for that more nearly universal language, but it has never been widely used and is not heard of today outside of that province. Subsequently several attempts were made by the present writer and others to adapt Occidental shorthand symbolil to Ohi-

SHALt ClIINA lIAVE AN ALPHABET

nese, usually with the idea of never ·using more than two symbols for a given word, following the Chinese system of initials and finals. None of these has been widely used.

A system that has been employed most successfully for the blind was a modification of the Braille, devised by the late W. H. Murray in his school for the blind in Peking and later used quite widely for sighted readers as well. He took the 408'" monosyllables of the Pekingese and arranged them in numerical order which was easily memorized by means of an ingenious rhyme. Reading thus resolved itself into translating a given number expressed in Braille into its corresponding monosyllable. As each number gave the reader a complete word, no combination of component sounds or even of the initial and final was required.

Missionaries have not been behind in fostering the new movement. For decades, Christian books and Scripture portions had been published in the Romanized Chinese, always with the limitations referred to above. Recently the indigenous system invented before the coup d' etat of 1898 by a Hanlin scholar, Wang Chao, has been vigorously furthered in North China, where it is known as kuanhua tzu-m'u, or Mandarin alphabet. Yet it is more truly a syllabary. Its seventy "letters" are all Chinese monosyllables, and the remaining 30 '" odd monosyllables of the Pekingese Mandarin are made up by combining pairs of these true monosyllables, merely eliding the final vowel sound of words that are dis syllables rather than monosyllables. Here again use is made of the initial and final of the Buddhistic fan ch'ieh system. All semblance of foreign letters is lacking in these simple adaptations of Chinese characters, and the writing is still further acceptable through its being done in perpendicular columns instead of in horizontal lines as in English. Mr. Wang's fifty initials remain as they were, but missionaries have increased his twelve finals to twenty in order to obviate the use of one final for a number of different final sounds as in his plan. The chief drawback to the intelligent use of phonetic writing has been the failure to mark emphasis, without which phonetic reading cannot readily be understood. In this system the emphasis is marked in each clause, as are the tones of emphatic words, thus making the meaning stand out almost as clearly as if the sentences were spoken aloud. Through the generosity of Mr. S. J. W. Clark and the practical assistance of Mr. McIntosh, of the Presbyterian Mission Press, the Gospel of St.•Tohn has already been printed and also the Catechism. As the average illiterate can be taught to read in two weeks with lessons of an hour or two each day, the system promises well for the future. While the learner does not memorize all the words of the language by number, 408 or more, according to the dialect, as in Mr. Murray's words, it can easily be adapted to differing dialects. The objection raised against it, that it varies from the Government

phonetic system, is partly met by the consideration that the latter often requires the combination of three incongruous sounds to make a word, whereas this one calls for only two true phonetic symbols, easy of pronunciation, for any word. Both systems are being stressed.

Despite the fact that the Chinese ideographs constitute the most formidable obstacle to China's progress and hence preseut the problem that most urgently demands attention, as stated in a recent issue of the Far Eastern Review, the ideograph is bound to remain so long as the language continues to be monosyllabic. In the nature of the case, relatively few monosyllables are possible, especially as the Chinese favor open syllables, thus reducing the total number of possibilities. With the utmost number of monosyllables in the Pekingese official dialr.ci- ·120 including eccentric pronunciations-there are, on an average, 105 characters pronounced the same, if the total number in the Imperial Dictionary is divided by 420. In a pocket dictionary widely used by missionaries, there are 165 characters Romanized as chi, like our letter g, and 178 Romanized as i, like our letter e. While these are exceptions as producers of ambiguity, it will readily be seen that whereas everyone of the different characters so pronounced varies from all others having the same sound, thus avoiding all ambiguity, in any Romanized or indigenous phonetic system, there can be only one Romanized or phonetic equivalent for these 165 chi's and another for the 178 ·i's.

Japan has repeatedly discuss'ed the question of using only the Romanized equivalents for the Chinese characters, which still are employed in all their best literature; and though she has societies to promote the Romaji, the final verdict always is that the Chinese ideograph is incomparable as an expression of ideas. This decision is reached, though one reads annually in the native "Japan Year Book" such statements as this: "The ideographs are a clog to the progress of ,education, and their discontinuance and the adoption of the Romanization system would shorten the school course of Japanese boys by two or three years. The Romanization movement was started decades ago; but as yet there is little hope of its being adopted in schools, and Japan in the meanwhile must continue to use the cumbrous system of jdeography." This is said in a country where the records of the Imperial Diet show that 2,000 ideographs suffice to report the addresses, while only 1,360 Ohinese characters are used in elementary school grades. Moreover, the Japanese is a polysyllabic language and does not require differing ideographs to avoid ambiguity, as in Chinese. How much more, then, is China certain to continue to use her difficult characters.

* As a matter of fact, in Sir Thomas Wade's system of Romanization Perkingese has 420 syllables. The numerical discrepancy is due to the fact that some of the syllables are omitted because but rarely used.

@~""…..B.. DEUdS.T ~M. ET_HO…..D_.S'~ m~O'

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign. Mission Boards UNDER HANDICAP THERE is more than a smooth- victory just ahead, is this courageous ly flowing rhyme in that old verse, facing of handicapped life after the war. The wonders we are witness- "Tis easy enough to. be happy ing should bring a new revelation to When life flows on like a song us of the possibility for missionary But the man worth while service. Our complaints about our Is the man with a smile handicaps in the winning of a world When everything goes dead wrong." should forever cease, and systemati- The testing time comes when cally we should start out to enlist everything goes dead wrong. Worth and train for service many whom we while folks are not those who can have heretofore listed as disabled. sing only ready-made songs, but those who can make a song out of a Let us away with the habit we situation in which other people see have formed of sympathizing with not enough poetry for a rhyme and ourselves because of our disabilities. not enough harmony for a chord; Some of the finest work of the world who can win the race with a handi- has been done and is being done by cap, which other people consider a men and women who have, by sheer reason for not even entering for the determination and consecration, running. faced tremendous handicaps, before which other men and women have One of the wonders of these reconstruction days is the way in helplessly despaired, and who have which maimed soldiers are being lit- wrought with splendid courage until erally made over and fitted for a their liabilities actually became their part in the world's work instead of being thrown out on humanity~s assets. scrap heap. No pitiful wrecks of The Talent of Blindness. When men, seated by the way side, displaying their disabilities in the way Dr. William Moon was stricken most advantageous to the exciting of with blindness, all of his hopes pity and the extraction of small coins, and ambitions seemed utterly crushare to follow in the wake of this war, ed. What use was there in the we are told. No matter how heavy world for a blind physician? After their handicap, men are 'bravely the first awful shock was past, learning new trades if they are dis- he began to readjust his life-not abled for the old ones. "Every man to days of dumb resignation, but to according to his several abilities" is coming into' a fuller meaning than days of altered service. ever before. More heroic even than For forty-five sightless years he the way the soldiers marched forth to battle in full health and strength, raised blind eyes to God in fervent with the inspiration of martial music prayer that he might not fail to see and ringing cheers, and the lure of and to use his opportunity. At the end of those forty-five years he re- corded one of the most remarkable testimonies ever given. He said: "It has pleased God to bestow on me the talent of blindness. I have tried 131

hard not to bury my talent in the was not going to leave them again napkin of despair and hopelessness, for such a long journey, but that she but to use it for His glory." was just stepping around the cor- Without his handicap William nero So, without the handclasp or Moon would likely have been one the kiss for which she longed, but among thousands of physicians. which would be fraught with dan- Handicapped, he became an outstand- ger to those she loved, Mary Reed ing benefactor of humanity, for he went gaily down the old walk she invented the Moon system of reading loved, waving her hand with a kiss- for the blind which has opened the to go around her corner to do the Word of God. and many other rich greatest work a woman has ever treasures to thousands of sightless done for the suffering lepers of the eyes. The same handicap which puts world.

one man on the street corner begging, The message she sent back home puts another in the Hall of Fame as when her mother heard that her a world 'benefactor. The ability to daughter was a leper, working among recognize the "talent of blindness" lepers, has become a missionary c1as- would change many lives from dumb sic-HI am going back not with a resignation or complaining endurance sigh but with a song."

to fine, consecrated service. METHODS OF WORK FOR The Talent o~ Leprosy. The !'SHUT INS." The extras were whole world has marvelled at the crying a terrible railroad accident.

work of Mary Reed, called into In the hospital a little woman for- a great service by a handicap most of got her agony as she looked anxious- us would be very slow to recognize ly into the doctor's face to read what as a talent. At horne in Ohio on omen of good or ill tidings she saw her furlough as a missionary she dis- written there. The days lengthened covered symptoms of leprosy. She into weeks and the weeks into went immediately to New York to months and finally she went horne in consult an eminent specialist who, an ambulance, knowing at last that confirmed her fears. To all who , the rest of her days must be spent read the story of her quick decision on her back. A great wave of bit- which followed the pronouncement terness swept over her. She, who of the doctor's diagnosis, there comes had always been the center of activ- a sudden flood of wondering admir- ity in her church was to be cast ation. There was no place for des- aside, broken and useless. In an- pair nor even gloomy forbodings in guish she lifted up her soul to God her plans. With an ever strengthen- and begged that He would take her ing conviction that a great new op- home and spare her the shame of a portunity had opened before her to useless life. But as she lay in her give her life to work among lepers room day after day the bitterness to whose company she was not ad- gradually disappeared, and she mitted, Mary Reed went back to her learned to live with Him and talk home in Ohio. So that she might with Him as she talked with no not shadow her mother's life with friend on earth. One by one she such a sorrow and so that none of took her friends to God in prayer.

the loved ones at home should be As her pastor preached she prayed exposed to infection, she decided to for him. When the missionary so- return to the mission field immedi- ciety was meeting she spent the ately. She told her mother that un- time in intercession. She had ex- expected changes had made it neces- pected to be shut in alone and shut sary for her furlough to be cut short, out from all her former interests, and playfully persuaded the folks at but gradually she found the bound- home to make it easier for her to aries of her life enlarging until they go by "pretending" that she really embraced the ends of the earth. Her

BEST METHODS

friends who had dreaded at first to Building Methods. Ida Gracey was the daughter of a· Methodist face the ordeal of going to see her clergyman. For long years she and hearing her tell of her affliction suffered from a torturing and infound that it was not of herself and curable disease of the spine.Beof her sorrows she talked. Grad- cause of her own agony her heart ually her room became a community was filled with an overflowing symcenter and a place of prayer. Real- pathy for the crippled girls of China izing the power of her life of inter- about whom she read. What could cession, her pastor came in one day ,;lie do? Sighs for the money she that she might pray with him before did not have would build no homes he spoke. After that he came reg- for these neglected girls in China.

ularly. Friends who were in trou- Longings to address meetings and ble or in perplexity formed the habit thrill audiences and to work as other of dropping in that this little wo- girls work availed nothing. Con- man who prevailed in prayer might stant bemoaning her inability to intercede for them. One day a do anything would only embitter her bride and groom came straight to own life. Ida Gracey bravely faced her from the altar, bringing her the her handicap and began one of the bride's roses and kneeling beside the finest pieces of missionary service couch thatt she might pray with them that has ever blessed China. She ere they went out on their life to- began to pray for money to build gether. After that the visit. to her a school for cripples in China. Be- room seemed a natural part of every fore she died she had the joy of wedding in the congregation.. Once sending to China the money which the girls' society was giving a mis- h:ld come in answer to her prayers sionary pageant in the Church. to build the first school for crippled They came over in their costumes childen in all that great land.

to "cheer her up," but as they went CHURCH HANDICAPS. In ad- away they realized that it was she dition to personal handicaps it is more who had cheered them for great than likely that our society must work tasks by her simple, earnest prayer under some very peculiar difficulties.

with them. There seemed nothing After every good conference on meth- constrained or forced in the eager ods, almost every woman present who sympathy with which she said to asks for an interview with the lead- even the casual caller, "Wait a mo- er does it to explain that she is ment before you go. I haven't working under "very peculiar diffi- prayed with you yet." Under her culties." It is amazing to find how pillow she kept always a little book very similar these very peculiar dif- in which were noted the people for ficulties are. All of us have them.

whom she daily interceded. All As a matter of fact, the societies and down the pages were names marked the churches that are doing success- which indicated answered prayer. ful work are succeeding not because When the call did come for her they have no handicap, but because to go Home her pastor and her they have learned to overcome dif- Church knew the most active and ficulties. "The man who says the efficient worker in the congregation thing cannot be done is interrupted had gone from them, and her in these days by the .man who is doing "prayer-book" furnished such a mar- it." Here follow the interesting ex- vellous record of prevailing prayer periences of some of the churches that others were constrained to a and societies which have overcome life of intercession. Joyfully she difficulties that are typically pecu- stepped into the presence of her liar.

Lord, having finished the work given , Mission Study Under Quaran- her to do. tine. The whole world has been

handicapped this year by the in- ences cited. Forty-six women atfluenza situation. Grace Covenant tended the review meeting and twen- Presbyterian Church, Richmond, ty others who could not be present Virginia, met the same difficulties in mission study this fall that have were reported as having read the faced almost every other church, book. but Grace Covenant Church is numbered among those who over- The Reach of a Reading Club. came. When the time came for the "Oh, if we could only. get more Fall Mission Study Classes, influenza women to read these splendid Miswas raging and the Board of Health sion Study Books" sighed one put a ban on all meetings. After woman helplessly. Mrs. E. H. Bronmuch study and prayer, the presi- son of Bridgeport, Connecticut, dent of the Missionary Society, Mrs. echoed this same lamentation, but she followed it with- more than a helpless J. W. Sinton, outlined a plan for sigh. This is what she did about it: Mission Study under Quarantine, "Feeling that we must get more which contained the following women to read our missionary books, points: I 'concentrated' on plans until I de- cided that The New Fiction Club Since meetings at the church were had the best one of all. That Cnh impossible the women were to study has twenty-five members, e~ch of the book at home. The women to whom buys a book and passes it on be reached were divided into groups until all the members have read all of four. A printed slip containing the books. In our Reading Contest explanation of the plan and the names of the four women ill her cir- we had four missionary books to be cle was given to each group leader. read. We secured six leaders, ('<teh The group leader was asked to buy of whom was commissioned to find a copy of the book to be studied, three other women who would prom- "The Path of Labor," and to paste ise to do two things-buy one book the slip of explanation in it before and read the fOUf. We 'allowed two she passed it on to the next woman weeks for the reading of each book. on the list. The cost of the book was Then it was passed on to the next forty cents which was met by the member, the four books being read leader paying the entire cost, and re- by each member of the club in eight ceiving a refund of thirty cents from weeks. the second reader, who in turn asked for twenty cents from the third. "A still wider circle of inf!u~nc~ The fourth member of the group was secured by the next st'ep, which refunded ten cents to the third, so that the book cost each one only ten was to pass the books on to another cents, and no one had to make a col- circle of four who did not have to pay lecting tour. The study began on for them. This is to be repeated many October 24th. Each one was allowed a week in which to read the book. times during the year. Each reader i.3 asked to write her name on the fly When it was possible to hold a leaf of each book she reads. At the meeting at the church the women end of the year the book goes back were asked to bring sandwiches and to the woman who purchased it, its come for an all-day review. The value being enhanced by the autofirst half hour was spent in prayer graphs of all who have read it. We for Home Missions. Then a review are trying this plan for the first time of the book was given, the outline this year and are finding that interest being presented by excellent charts and enthusiasm are following- the inon the different chapters. There fol- terchange and discussion of the books. lowed a lively discussion, with ques- "Another thing that adds interest is tions asked and interesting experi- the state recognition of missionary reading. Our state organization in Connecticut has six loving cups-one for each association. At the Annual

Meeting of the Home Mission Socie- "No Money." In the rural comty in April th,e cups are awarded to munities one of the ever present the church in each Association which reasons given for small contributions reports the highest percentage of its is that, while the farmers' wives live membership having read the four surrounded by an abundance of good books assigned for the year. things, very little actual money passes through their hands. Butter and "There is some friendly rivalry eggs are exchanged for groceries, between the larger churches, though and none of the sales of the products the churches with small membership of the farm come to the farmer's could more easily have the higher wife in cash form. In one Tennespercentage." see congregation which had made very small gifts to missions, it was Overcoming "The Usual Hour decided to give to mission work all Handicap. Most of our churches the eggs laid on Sunday. When the are failing utterly to claim the other eggs were sold in exchange for ability of their fine business wo- coffee and sugar the Sunday eggs men because they continue to an- were sold for cash. To the amazenounce misssionary meetings "at the ment of the ·congregation the amount usual hour," which is probably three- given in this way was sufficient to thirty when all business women are support a native evangelist in Japan. at work. A few wise ones are beginning to realize that a perfectly or- Rainy Day Meetings. There are thodox women's missionary meeting leaders who despair at a falling may be convened after nightfall and barometer and who feel that a few are lifting the former tacit curfew drops of rain are a dreadful handirestrictions. Here is the story of a cap for a missionary meeting. Virginia success along this line: One August day in 1806 five stud- "A few young business women of ents from Williams College met in a the First Baptist Church of Lynch- grove to talk and pray together al:lout burg, Va., who could not go to the the great non-Christian world to meetings of the Missionary Society which no missionary from America which were usually held during the afternoon, decid ~d that because they had yet gone. When the rain and even the thunder began no one were business women was no reason moved that the meeting be adjourned why they should not have part in or postponed because so few were the King's business, so they formed a present., Noone spent any time in Business Women's Missionary Socie- incriminations against the students ty which is proving a great success. who did not attend. The five who They come to the church from their were there were so intensely in earplaces of business and have a lunch, nest they simply sought shelter under which affords a splendid opportunity a nearby haystack and continued their for relaxation after the day's work prayers for open doors and for God's and makes it possible for them to guidance. There is a monument have a share in the social life 0f the which marks that spot, but no monucongregation. Then follow spicy ment could record the results of that programs on the topics given in the rainy day prayer meeting. Dr. Sammissionary magazine. A Current uel B. Capen, late President of the Events Club always has something of American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions said, "The powinterest to add to. each program. While small at first the society is er of the sun will be measured by a rapidly Teachin~ the business women yard stick sooner than the results of and enlisting them one by one. In- the haystack meeting by statistics." stead of contributing ten cents a The first foreign missionary society in month the members of this society America organized and the first foravera~ed $17.00 per member last eign missionaries sent to the field year."

were only the beginning- of results. had brought her to Jesus and was On the centenary of that Haystack fitting her to have part in the great Prayer Meeting a group of laymen new enterprise of giving a larger were called to meet in Fif.th Avenue Christian literature to the women Presbyterian Church in New York. and children of China. Finer yet If the men who were invited to that than the ability to make the most of meeting had despaired because the one's own life is the ability to see rain poured down, there would have and make the most of the possibilities been no Laymen's Missionary Move- ill other Ii'. es, for that life is fullest ment. In some societies rainy clay which fills other lives to overflowing.

meetings are fraught with unusual blessing. THE; GLORY OF IRON ME;DALS Rules for Successful Rainy Day Meetings. Do not postpone the Are we prone to sigh for an meeting because of rain. If you do, nnhandicapped service? Do we look the next time a cloud no bigger with admiring envy at some who than a man's hand appears in that seem to leap unhampered to success? sky some will say, "There will not Do we chafe at the bars that hem onr own lives in? Several years ago be any meeting to-day." there was published in The Literary Do not adjourn because only a Digest a poem to the Chicago River which revealed in that unsung stream small number are present. Reward, a glory surpassing the glory of the by the best meeting possible, those who have come. Occupy none of the time of those Danube or the Rhine.

who are present by dilating upon the "They have bound me with bridges unfaithfulness of those who are ab- With tunnels burrowed under me.

sent. Incessant, unresting, all day and all night, Let there be enough of cheer on Traffic roars over me and my uplook to the inside to dispel the gloom out- the blessed sky side-cheer in decorations, cheer in Is barred by cables, girders. stacks. My banks with docks close hedged in- the program, cheer in the leader. exorably hem me in.

Give special place to intercession. Vacantly through smoke and floating After the meeting send notes to smudge The sun looks down upon me, absent members telling them about Like the bleared eye of an old, old man, the interesting rainy day meeting, No outcast of the gutter slinks by more so:led than I and announcing some special feature Polluted within and without.- that will be reserved for the next But on my shackled breast I bear corn rainy day meeting. and iron, lumber and coal.

Remember that future generations The little children of India eat of my wheat will have no monuments for those My lumber shelters the stricken of Meswho despair on account of rain. sina Finding Others. The story of The iron that burdens me forms a ready that disciple who found his broth- tool Fit for the hand of man. er .and brought him to Jesus is one What singer can sing of me one lowof the first missionary stories recorded. Not for salvation only but keyed song? The Hudson, the Danube, the Nile, the for service as well does this oppor- Rhinetunity of finding others come to us. All these, all these have their poets As beautiful women their lovers, At a Northfield conference one of the most regular attendants was a But I-soiled am I and brackish As sweat on the brow of a workman, girl who was wheeled into the meet- But the broad ships that weigh my breast ings day after day, although she Are like iron medals; with these words wrought: was never able to sit erect. Yet a re- "For Service." turned missionary had found in her Therein alone is my glory, I serve, I an unusual gift. as a translator, and serve."

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY Representative of the Federation ,of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards Historic Step in Federation which was "Via Christie") and a demand for trained leaders of study NOT every beginning has a known classes. Northfield summer school date. Women who serve ,a great was the pioneer in 1904. cause like that of foreign missions are inclined to get together for prac- Step 2 tical and inspirational barter whether interdenominational mar k e t s are 'fhe year 1910 is marked in red planned or not. Such a conference and gold as the Jubilee, the proof women from different boards was gram of which was initiated by the held before the Parliament of Reli- Central Committee. The story of gions (1893), but the exact date, its nation-wide success, the thrillwhether before or after the World's ing enthusiasm of its luncheons, as- Fair, has not been found. Other semblies, prayers, and gifts is known gatherings followed, usually at an in- to all. terval of one year without the formality of federating. Results-Briefly Outlined.

Step 1 1909. Gathering of women's boards of foreign missions voted to meet The o_utstanding event of 1900 was tri-ennially. (Origin of term the Ecumenical Conference held in "Tri-ennial Conference.") New York City. And the greatest day for women was April 24th, when 1911. (May) Boards voted, to federate Miss Abbie B. Child presented a for conservation of Jubilee scheme for systematic mission study gains, since the Central Comto be followed by women of all mittee had begged to be rechurches. The Central Committee leased from all responsibility for United Study of Foreign Mis- save that of publishing study sions was then created, representing books. at first five, later seven denominations. This committee has reported 1912. Large attendance of delegates on regularly to the Interdenominational invitation of Jubilee Continua- Conference, although it was not ap- tion Committee of Philadephia. pointed by it. New plan of Federation Adopt- ed, leading to The World Committee which organized the women's program at 1913. Organization of 5 Territorial Comthe Ecumenical Conference went missions and a General Advisory out of existence that year leaving Commission. the Central Committee for United Study and the only national inter- 1914. Publication of Bulletin, denominational committee to offer 1915. Suggestion of merging Triennial a report to the Conference of W 0man's Boards of Foreign Missions. Conference and Federation for It became necessary for it to assume the sake of simplicity and leadership in the organization of strength in organization. summer schools of missions. This was in response to a growing inter- Step 3 est in the Study of Central Committee text books (the first of If the preceding steps have seemed chapters dryas dust, dealing with the outward and visible By-law rather than the inward and spiritual grace of our Federation, it will be pleasant to read that in 1916 the merging was successfully achieved, "the wedding celebrated," as the Bulletin for April, 1916, expressed it, "at 25 Madison Avenue, New York City." Henceforth we can use the 137

new title, "Federation of Woman's garden, but they are separated not Boards . of Foreign Missions of by fences nor even hedges but by North America." paths!

And, by the way, nowhere can one 2nd. A development of some find a more satisfactory reflection of blessed by-products of the Jubilee, the spirit of the Federation and the scope of its activities than in those such as dear old numbers of .the Bulletin. This magazine of 32 pages was is- Missionary pageants. sued at first (1914) twice a year, but Lecture courses on the study books. soon afterward appeared quarterly A national day of prayer for foreign miswithout reducing the size or increasing the price (25 cents). sions (this year Jan. 10, 1919). A committee on Christian literature for Dipping into the contents one realizes what talented writers, what con- the women and children of mission secrated personalities have been and fields. are shaping the form and functions Several new summer schools. of the Federation. The first copy Many local missionary unions. appeared just before the war in Europe; the second in October, 3rd. A bulletin of four pages ap- 1914, described Mrs. Knox's experi- pearing six times a year in the "Misence when caught in Germany on the sionary Review of the World." fateful 31st of July. And the war note persisted as Mrs. N. D. Hillis 4th. Six standing committees on wrote of prayer, and Mrs. Montgom- which serve nearly 50 women repreery of song rallies for victory. Mr. senting 12 different Boards. Oldham was quoted on "War and Missions," and Mrs. Peabody de- Types of work: scribed the greatest battlefield Home Base. ( motherhood in India) with a fine Methods of Work. portrait of Dr. Ida Scudder. Publication and Literature. Summer Schools. But most valuable of all was the Student work. comprehensive summary from. time Foreign Field. to time of the varied responsibilities Interdenominational Institutions. resting definitely upon the Christian Christian Literature. women of North America. And that brings us to Step 5-The Future Step 4-The Present In the days to come the Federa- tion will continue to meet annually Out of past experience and pray- for the pJ'actical and inspirational aderful faith there have been evolved: vantages of a delegated assemblage; it will continue to serve the Boards 1st. An organization that demo- in an advisory capacity, encouraging cratically makes a place for the local unions, and a more complete Boards of smaller as well as larger mobilization of individuals and communions, a Federation that is groups. Never was concerted planpurely advisory and yet truly influ- ning more necessary than in this ential, and a plan that is both stable and flexible. In this missionary gar- "New Era." Moreover it will, we den are growing enthusiasm for the hope, enlarge its scope and greatest task in the world, courage strengthen its influence, showing for increased responsibility, friendly both daring initiative and persistent interchange of methods, and love for common sense. For "to be a Chrisall that concerns world friendship- tian today is to be an explorer, an international, interracial uplift-as adventurer." Highest courage, well as all the "Fruits of the Jubi- broadest vision, kindliest disposition, lee." There are many beds in the and deepest spirituality are demanded in this epoch of world reconstruction through missions. The Federation will not fail. Instead· it will summon not only the interested one-fifth but also the indifferent four-fifths of our church membership to appreciate fully the challenge of the following message.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

A WIDER WORLD FOR WOMEN assumes her task she will find her By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody absolute need of them. The en- (Given at Northfield last summer and larged sphere of woman's work in now reprinted in booklet form.) relation to the Church will demand The very greatest thing that women might do to save the world an enlarged sphere of the Church has not yet been attempted. It would in relation to woman's work. The revolutionize the Church and bring Creator has not limited woman. the Kingdom of God on earth. Jesus She has been oppressed by the greed emphasized it by teaching and ex- of man, by her own evil tendencies ample. Suppose we should try to and weaknesses, by false religions train the children of the Church and by misinterpretation of the as faithfully for international friend- Christian religion. But He has ship, i. e.: foreign missions, as the opened to womankind wide doors Germans have trained their children of opportunity and service from the for militarism. Suppose we could beginning of the world until 110W, enlist the children, not just yours though the Church may have failed and mine, but all the children of the to catch His vision or to live His community, the city, the countryside life. It has not entirely failed for for world service. Children respond quietly, without uniform or parade, with enthusiasm to a great appeal. the groups of women in missionary Suppose we should never let them get societies have been laying founda- to the place where they need to be tions, and they no longer work apart reformed, but should form them in childhood. Suppose when we mothers * * * denominationally, but have federated and older sisters and grandmothers 'lay down our war work we should for larger service. begin to conserve our own American Foreirn Missions. enrollin!! in its children for the rebuilding of the world. Women who have worked organizations less than one-fifth of for the French and Belgian orphans the women of the churches, is might be brought into closer relations pledged to colossal tasks. The to the Church through the needs of women of vast nations like India the children. and China, numbering literally hun- dreds of millions, have practically It will not be safe to trust to a no medical aid. There are no medleague of nations to keep peace un- ical units with ambulance corps and less the standards of nations are equipment for them. They are born, changed. This change will not come bear children at an incredibly early in a day. age, and die on the battlefield of motherhood, with only the aid that. While men discuss plans to pre- comes from a small mission hospital vent war, let Christian women make or an over-burdened woman doctor. such plans possible by educating chil- The great majority of these women dren in the ideals of world brother- are prevented by rigid social custom hood. It is an easy task with all from seeing a medical man, and few the beautiful helps, and the child women doctors are seeking a wider heart is ready to welcome the whole world. The emergency call today world of children. comes to all women with merciful hearts to provide adequately for the Will not a group of women and medical schools now opening for Oriental women. They are equipped * * * girls in every Church make this their liberally with faith, but lack friends, funds, and faculty. The students part of world reconstruction? are ready, thanks to the beginning There is room, is need, in the Church made in girls' schools fifty years ago, for every kind of womanly service when women, north and south, turned and talent. When the Church really from their own bitter grief, to enter into the sorrow of the world.

There are three new women's col- service received scant attention. Dr. leges also begging to be made strong, Patton has called it the most neglectthat they may make strong leaders ed theme, and stated that no church for women. All the great divisions could be found to support a literaof the Protestant Church are uniting ture missionary, because the medical, to meet this crisis. Can the women evangelistic, and industrial work who have rendered such splendid seemed of vastly greater worth to the service in the war fail to respond non-Christian world. to this call-this age-long need? Will not the whole Church put its The scale of values is, however, power back of these organizations as being revised. The time is aproachthe governments of the nations have ing when many shall be proud to stood behind women in war service, dedicate their lives to this service, giving co-operation and support, and to make it of prime importance commensurate with this magnificent in extending the Kingdom of Christ. undertaking to carry the message of Jesus to all nations in terms they can "We are creating a generation of understand, terms of home, health, readers and students in our Christian education, social rights, spiritual schools and colleges," writes Miss .awakening, eternal life? Alice M. Kyle, "and they need the best literature, but we are trying to The Church must adopt a large satisfy their growing appetites with program to win women to large serv- the husks.. Shall we not give them ice. It must redeem county and some of our overflowing abundcommunity from civil forces, whether ance?" in such forms as licensed drunkenness and indecency, or the more Translations of such books as subtle forms of extravagant pleas- "Silas Marner," "Little Lord Faunture. It must train the children of leroy," "Sara Crew," "The Wide the homes and the streets. It must Wide World," and "Birds' Christmas improve social conditions and protect Carol" with Chinese Ruggleses, are. from greed and from avarice those eagerly read and do a world of good who toil. It must make this country in counteracting the evil influence worth dying for and an ideal place of cheap and smutty French novels. to live in. It must recognize international ideals born of the interna- Miss Laura M. White is editor tionalism of Calvary. It must call of the only Christian magazine for in the name of the Lord Christ women in all China (Nu To Pas so for volunteers for world service. It "The Woman's Messenger"). must equip and send all who will go to proclaim the Gospel of the Prince Two young women, Miss Yuen of Peace. It must hold to the eternal and Miss Li are associated with Miss verities, and ridding itself of au- White, and two Chinese men scholtocracy and formalism must ex- ars are also on the editorial staff. emplify the sacrificial life of Him Miss Yuen does the serious work, who shed His blood to destroy the and has recently published an powers of evil and to establish His original temperance story, "From Kingdom of righteousness. Defeat to Victory." Miss Li has just finished an adaptation of Robert Christian Literature in China E. Speer's "One Girl's Influence."

A very important movement for Equally important is the work of the women and children of mission Mrs. MacGillvray, a Canadian Presfields was started in 1912, when the byterian missionary of Shanghai Federation appointed a committee on who gives. her time without salary Christian Literature. Time was to edit "Happy Childhood," a when this feature of foreign mission Chinese "Everyland" for children. Over 3000 paid subscribers mean about ten thousand devoted readers, and the list is increasing every month.

fROM MANY

CHINA as a fruit merchant in Sidney, Aus- tralia, and is a very broad-minded, China's President and Opium far-seeing business man, an ardent advocate of schools for the rising THE decision of the Chinese Presi- generation, although himself without dent, Hsu Shih-ch'ang, to burn extensive education. the stock of opium acquired by influ- . Mr. Ma organized the Cantonese Non-Denominational C h u r c h 0 f ential Chinese from a Shanghai Shanghai. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a steady Opium Combine for the purpose of supporter of all forms of evangelis- tic work. Recently he has given reopening the traffic in China is a $50,000 to provide homes for aged preachers, the homes to be open to matter of praise not only from Chi- applicants of all denominations.

nese but from all civilized nations. A Chinese Naval Study Circle The loss of the $14,000,000 stock, to ONE of the inspiring revelations in these creative days in missay nothing of the loss to the govern- sions is the animated interest which Chinese students are taking in the ment in revenue, and at a time when relation of Christianity to national and social life. The Chinese Governthe country is in financial straits, the ment Naval College in Nanking is one of five such institutions in China. loss of popularity among certain offi- About one hundred trained students are in attendance, and a year· ago cial circles personally interested in there was not one Christian among them. But through the wife of one continuing the traffic seem to have of the students, Lieut. Leland T. Wang, a fine piece of constructive weighed little in the President's mind mission work grew up. Lieut. Wang became a Christian and his before the significance to the Chinese thorough scholarship and social tact eminently fitted him for leadership. nation of the proposed backward He immediately set about studying the practical application of Christianstep. ity upon the social life of the Naval College and soon the Staff donated This action on the part of China a room for a Bible class. Sixteen students have now intelligently acdemonstrates a quality of strength cepted Christ and thirteen have united with the Christian Church at in her people that is not adequately Hsiakwan.

grasped by the west. This eradica- Missionaries Lead Relief Work tion of a century old vice was not CHINESE confidence in Protestant missionaries was demonstrated put in force through the issuing of when over a quarter of a million dollars was placed in their hands for edicts by the government alone but was due to the imperceptible and immense pressure of public opinion- the opinion and belief of millions and hundreds of millions of inarticu- late Chinese scattered throughout the vast distances of China, a force im- bued with the simple and definite in- stinct of right. .

The racial mind of China is built on simple and on stubborn lines, with a bluntness and lronesty that make for character. This primal force was backed by the momentum of hundreds of millions of people, think- ing along the same lines.

China's John Wanamaker MR. MA MlNG PlU, manager of the "Sincere Department Store" of. Canton, has established large department stores in Honkong, Shanghai and Canton. He began business 141

flood relief. George L. Davis of For the EvangeHzatlon ot China Peking, describes the work of tIle missionaries in administering this ONE of the most effective though fund. quiet forces operating for the evangelization of China is The Chi- "Heavy rains caused allthe rivers nese Christian Intelligencer, a publito break their banks, and late in Sep- cation issued by the Mission Press tember we faced a scene of desola- at Shanghai. Nearly seven thousand' tion and a waste of suffering that copies go out every week, to nearly will rank with the great tragedies of all the provinces of China and to China. Between three and four mil- Chinese living in the United States, lion people were without homes or Canada, Honolulu, the Philippines, food, and their villages were sur- New Zealand, Hongkong, Singapore, rounded, first by water, and later by Burma, Sumatra and elsewhere. A ice. In many places fuel was not to number of copies went to the coolie be had." labor forces in France. During the past year, readers of the Chinese "It was to save and relieve the vic- Christian Intelligencer contributed tims of this overwhelming disaster $82,500 to flood and famine sufferers that the Christian forces of China of China. united. Although the city of Peking was not directly affected, the Chris- Gospel Work on China's Waterways tian missionaries of that city formed a relief society to cooperate with the A LARGE proportion of the Chi- Christian Committee in Tientsin and nese 'population are born, live and the government relief organizations. die on boats. In Canton there is a water population of 120,000' and in "Relief work was divided into sev- Hongkong some 55,000 never sleep eral branches. Soup kitchens and on land. In addition to the innumrefuges were established. Asylums erable estuaries along the coast of for children and industrial schools China there are more than 175,000 were started.. Financial support was miles of navigable rivers and canals given in the rehabilitation of the de- within the empire. These waterways vastated areas, and many hundreds not only afford facilities for trade, of people were given new land in but are used extensively for spread- Manchuria." ing the Gospel. No evangelistic work in recent years has been more Confucian Teacher Gives II Whole successful among· women nor more filled with promise than that carried School on by Miss K. B. Evans and a group of Bible women on their gospel boat, "you pushed me through the The Good News, in the waterways about. Shanghai. These workers door of this new doctrine," travel from station to station, visit- ~aid a Confucian teacher in Tientsin ing women in their own homes and to a missionary, "and now you can't holding services for them. -drive me out. I want all my stu- -dents to know about it, and you must Successful Evangelism help me." This man had been teaching a private school in. the ex- SO M E interesting evangelistic German Concession, but has brought methods in connection with his entire school with twenty-five country work are reported from students under the control of the Swabue, Kwangtung, by the English Methodist Mission, introduced the Presbyterian Mission. Six days' Mission curriculum and is teaching evangelistic services in connection at a salary of $6 a month. Access with one country church were to twenty-five pupils with the Chris- planned, with separate services each tian message, and through them to a day for men and women. Then on whole comer of a growing section of four successive occasions the Chris- Tientsin, is just such an "open door" as the missionary is always seeking and rarely finds.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tians were visited in their homes and of alcoholic beverages from the mintold about these plans. Just before istry and from mission service. the meeting a poster was put into every house in the town and at the A Picture From Idfe same time a personal invitation given. As a result the attendance was very M ISS SARAH E. HOPWOOD, satisfactory. The preaching was done of St. Agnes' School, Anking, by preachers in neighboring towns. China, has contributed to The Spirit The subjects centered around Power, of Missions some so-called "Thumbthe Power of the Gospel, and Per- nail Sketches" of her work" from sonal Responsibility. As a result, which the following is quoted: fifty-two young men gave their names as being willing to study in a church "The sudden silence in the room night-school. caused the foreigner at the princi- pal's desk to look up questioningly. -The Chinese Recorder. At her elbow was a small apparition seemingly sprung from the earth it- Dangers in Rice Wine self. It was a girl-such a girl- stunted, her black hair straggling SO much has always been said across her tear-stained face, her one about the opium curse in China garment slipping from shoulders that alcoholism has •hardly been bruised and blackened by some cruel thought of as a problem. The beating; her legs bare and smeared Chinese Recorder, published in with country mud, and in her eyes Shanghai, comments, however, upon the look of a death-stricken animal. an open letter on the subject of 'Please, teacher'-a silence broken temperance recently addressed by by hoarse breathing and a hoarse the Canton Missionary Association cough-'I have come many miles. to the Christian public of South My father wishes to sell me. I have China, calling attention to the in- worked. My mother and I have juries resulting from alcoholic bev- worked. We have saved this. I erages, especially the so-called rice wish to learn; some day to teach, so wine (which is really rice whiskey) that my mother may rest.' Somethat is used even at the Communion thing in the foreigner's face apservice. ,This ietter points out that palled the child. 'Ah, teacher, a large number of diseases treated teacher, say it will be enough. I have in the hospitals are attributable to worked !' And the misshapen little alcoholic beverages. Rice wine, it is heap of rags, collapsed at the teachsaid, contains only 5 per cent less er's. feet, still holding out her all, alcohol than whiskey of the usual her treasure–seven dollars and fifty strength, and is four or five times cents to pay for six years' schoolas strong as beer or foreign wines. ing. And there were sixty-five girls The letter points out the danger that already, in quarters inadequate for this stimulant may take the place of forty. What did the foreigner do?" opium, and that as a matter of fact opium is the less' injurious of the JAPAN-CHOSEN' two. One serious element in this situation is that alcoholism is deeply Will Buddhism Die with Militarism? rooted among the leaders of the churches, pastors and teachers being DR. DANJO EBINA, veteran and included among its users. The letter leading Japanese Christian pastor urges that a crusade for prohibition be of Tokyo, suggests that Buddhism is started by the preparation and circu- doomed to die a natural death when lation of temperance literature, the militarism is banished, since both are giving of temperance addresses, and non-democratic in their character. the establishment of total abstinence Dr. Ebina believes that Christianity, socIeties and the exclusion of all the religion of brotherhood, will bemen and women addicted to the use come the religion of Japan. "I am exceedingly glad that Japan is par- ticipating as an ally of the great

democratic nations in this war," said dais and carried the paper down to Dr. Ebina at a Conference of the the village school. 'Here is some Federal Council of Churches in news of a war in Colombia.' 'Where Japan in Karuizawa last year. is Colombia ?' asked the school teacher. 'In South America.' 'Where "At the beginning of the war is South America?' 'Wait till I bring some Japanese regretted that Japan my geography.' And in a few minwas not an ally of Germany. Yet in utes Yi had spread out his map and spite of her militarism and her im- was giving the village teacher his perialism, Japan has been on the first lesson in primary geography." side of the democratic nations. The Continent. "The greatest crisis in Japanese history is impending. The defeat of Offered rus Baby in Payment German militarism and imperialism on the battle-fields of Europe will M E DIe A L missionaries have mean the defeat of these doctrines many strange experiences in all the world over. These two the course of their work which seem "isms," as you know, have been the almost incredible to the ordinary greatest hindrance to the spread of physician at home. Dr. Garfield the gospel in Japan. Because mis- Anderson of Korea cites an instance sionaries, pastors and evangelists of this kind; • have been regarded as opposed to militarism, they have been regarded "A man with a serious malady," as enemies of Japan." he says, "that distended his abdomen with fluid and caused his legs to Christianity an Open Sesame swell enormously, came a distance of over 1,000 miles, walking at the CHRISTIANITY has not only rate of 1% miles a day, carrying a opened a wonderful spiritual box of merchandise and a one-yearworld to new believers in heathen old baby on his back. He was exlands, but it has also proved the haus~ed, discouraged and penniless, open sesame to a hitherto unknown and fearing to be refused treatment material world. One old Korean if he had nothing to offer in payhatmaker named Yi did not know ment, asked us to take his boy and his letters before he became a raise him as our own. We treated Christian, but he learned them in or- the man, relieved his distress by reder to read his Bible. He soon moving a couple of bucketfuls of found that reading brought many fluid from his abdomen, and sent things to him of which he had before him away rejoicing in a new lease heard only by rumor, and he sub- on life, and in the possession of his scribed for "Christian News," which baby. This is but one of many exgave tidings of the great world be- traordinary cases that come to us." yond the five seas. What he learned from the paper only whetted his de- Thorough-Going Korean Leaders sire for knowledge, and Vi's next purchase was a geography. Over this I N the town of Syenchun about book he pored for hours, straining one out of two persons is an achis eyes over the maps and descrip- tive Christian. Apparently all are tions in the evening after his day's intent upon making their Church work was done. And F. S. Miller of what it should be-first an institution Chongju tells how eager the old hat- for teaching God's Word and saving maker was to pass on the informa- souls; and second an example of bettion he so toilsomely won. Mr. Mil- ter living and good citizenship. The ler says; church buildings are well cared for and the orderly and business-like "One day the 'Christian News' manner with which their meetings told of a war in Colombia. That was are conducted is impressive. interesting. Yi put on his straw san- The General assembly of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Presbyterian Church of Korea held Fighting to Overcome Honesty its seventh annual meeting recently in Syenchun. There are 179 commis- "pLEASE do not come here for sioners in the Assembly, sent from two weeks. We like to have the eleven different presbyteries. Of this total, sixty-seven are Korean you come, but you see the next two pastors, sixty-seven are Korean el- weeks is our special time for thievders and forty-five are foreign mis- ing and your Jesus message makes sionaries. These commissioners rep- us desire to be honest. If you come, resent about 2000 churches and about we shall not have the courage or 150,000 Christians. The missionary desire to steal." This was the tribute no longer leads in these meetings, paid to the Gospel teaching by some for the Korean pastors conduct the Ahir people of Ballia, India, of robbusiness in a most capable manner. ber tendencies.

The Presbyterian. Food or Famine in India INDIA MR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, superintendent of the Agricul- Constructive Evangelism in India tural Department at Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, writes that an THE American Arcot Mission has unprecedented number of students been at work in South India for have applied for admission to the more than sixty years. Last year farming courses and many have had the South India United Church inau- to be refused for lack of room. One gurated an Evangelistic Forward very old man and his grandson have Movement, centering about Vellore, joined the Freshman class together. Madras Presidency. The various India needs only demonstration and Councils of the Church were called leadership to enable her to help feed upon to organize their forces for a and clothe the whole world; for she ten per cent increase in the number has both the climate and the soil, as of converts won to Christ each year. well as the agricultural workers. When a report meeting was held to find out how the work had developed Mr. Griffin, a member of the staff during the last twelve months, it was at the College, is endeavoring to get shown that almost every pastorate out large numbers of his improved had gained over twenty per cent, plow which wi!! go far toward outand in some cases the gain was over weighing the ignorance and backthirty per cent. The average in- wardness of the Indian farmer. It crease for the entire field was twen- can be drawn by their underfed ty-two per cent. This result was oxen, can be repaired by the local achieved almost wholly by native blacksmith, is cheap and lasting. It Christians, though the Mission work- is well to remember that all these ers did much to help. improvements are the gift of Chris- tian Missions to India. If the meth- One important feature of this ods of the Mission farm could be put Forward Movement is that it did not in practice all over India, the poor reach out into new and untouched Indian tiller of the soil could be free territories, but served rather as a from despotic circumstances and the strengthening measure in existing terror of famine which always hangs churches. It is interesting that in over him. the Arcot district there are more Bible study classes and more prayer Where Poverty Leads to Suicide circles than in any other district. The Movement shows how valuable A METHODIST missionary of is a definite objective, and is a re- Ballia, India, writes that the markable testimony to the worth of Government has taken over the voluntary, personal effort in extend- woolen mills and weaving establishing the Kingdom of God. ments in order to supply the needs of the soldiers, and that consequently

the price of cloth had been doubled this great and pressing need of ele- and in some cases quadrupled. The mentary education.

result has been that the poor, accus- tomed though they are to wearing a What Does Ind1a Want?

W minimum of clothing, can no longer HAT the much-discussed sub- ject of self-government for buy even that minimum. A statement which appeared in The Cal- India really means to the great mass cutta Statesman was verified by of the people is presented by a Rev. C. F. Andrews and read as fol- writer in Asia, the journal of the lows: . American Asiatic Association, who "Many a man in utter helplessness says: is wearing worm-eaten bed sheets, "As for what the masses of India tom mosquito nets, gunnies, etc., to want, no one knows. One of the keep himself from nudity; and in Indian judges of the High Court, a some cases men have committed sui- man of· great acknowledged leader- cide to escape these humiliations. ship, an ardent nationalist, said to Numbers of families own a piece or me, 'It is very difficult to know the two of cloth jointly, the male mem- mind of India. At the top there is bers using it in relays whenever they a very thin layer of people who have go out. The fate of the women is received an English education. Even even more deplorable. Literally we do not know what the people are dressed in rags, they have to remain thinking about; much less does the all the twenty-four hours within the government know.' One has to re- four walls of the inner house, and member that 280,000,000 out of the they must be watchful to take cover 315,000,000 people of India live in either in a secluded comer or in some villages which average only 290 peo- dark place, if a male member comes ple to the village. These people are in. This they have to do to hide engaged in a life and death struggle their practical nakedess." against starvation, with the odds More Teachers for Ind1a's Chlldren often heavily against them. They are more than ninety-five per cent THE Bureau of Education of the illiterate in the sense that they can- Methodist Church, which is in- not write a letter to a friend, even vestigating the child labor situation in their vernacular, and read his in India, has found that in 1916, the reply. One wonders on going into number of children in factories was these villages and seeing the impov- 15,780. A few factory owners are erished lives of the inhabitants, making an effort to better the con- whether they even know that there ditions under which child laborers is such a place as India." work, but the great majority of fac tory and tea house owners oppose all l'am1l Evangellstlc Sooiet!

T educational movements, because they HE Calcutta Tamil United Evan- gelistic Society was founded know that a more universal enlightenment will do away with economic three years ago to promote unity serfdom for little children. Another among Indian Christians, to deepen hindrance to compulsory primary their spiritual life and to cultivate education is the objection of parent5. missionary interest. Some opposi- who need the pittance their children tion was encountered at the begin- earn, and who not only fear' that ning, but now the work is well estab- education will deprive them of this lished.

source of income, but that it will Regular temperance campaigns make their children feel above man- have been organized to combat the ual labor. The Methodist Centenary drink foe, a Bible class is conducted leaders are planning to place thirteen with marked success and a live de- hundred primary teachers in the In- bating club attracts non-Christians.

dia field to meet in some measure A Tamil lyrical address by Rev. H.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A. Popley proved how powerful an Hero Worship in Arabia influence music possesses to reach Indian hearers. Lantern lectures, so- WHEREVER the Shiah sect of cial purity lectures, a music club and Mohammedanism is found an a reading room are other activities. annual celebration is held to com- memorate the death of Hussein, Indian Standard. grandson of Mohammed and one of their religious heroes. Mrs. Paul Basel Mission in South lJIdia. W. Harrison, in Neglected Arabia, describes such a celebration which THE churches of the Basel Mis- took place in Bahrein. Every strictly sion in Malabar recently decided orthodox Shiah wore black clothes to unite with the South India for the entire month of Meharram, United Church, and the Church of and draped his house in black. the Khassia and Lushai Hills, con- Readings were held in the homes nected with the Welsh Mission, has throughout the town, the sufferings agreed upon union with the Presby- and death of Hussein being the terian Church. These churches have theme. On the ninth day, a bier, a rich heritage of usefulness, and in gaily decorated, was carried through the new relationship the leaders de- the streets, followed by men and wosire to launch an enthusiastic evan- men beating their breasts and wailgelistic movement in Malabar. A be- ing-this in honor of a nephew of ginning has been made by a group the hero, slain on the same day. of young men who have pledged The culmination of all these demonthemselves to become volunteer help- strations 'was reached on the tenth ers. The Thiars are ready to re- day, when religious zealots, anxious spond to religious appeals, the Nairs to win a good reward in the next can be reached one by one and the world, took part in an elaborately depressed classes are eager to find planned parade. Companies of men a Gospel. brandishing swords and occasionally gashing themselves on the forehead, H. A. POPLEY. chanted "Oh, Hussein! Oh, Hus- sein !" These men wore new white MOSLEM LANDS garments in order to display the blood from their wounds to the best Famous for Truth Telling advantage. The main part of tht: procession was made up of men and AYOUNG man in Syria not long boys representing different relatives ago received a letter from a of Hussein, and following these were friend in America containing trea- horsemen representing Hussein's assonable remarks about the Ottoman sassins, all endeavoring to kill angovernment. He was "immediately other horseman who was Hussein's haled to court and tried as a traitor brother. On another horse rode to his country. The court was en- Hussein's son, ingeniously attired to tirely Moslem, while the boy was give the appearance of a sword be- Christian, and he seemed to stand no ing thrust through his head. Then chance at all. The young man said came men carrying biers, supposed that he knew nothing about the con- to contain bodies of various relatives, tents of the letter before receiving it, and most important of all, the but his assertion was received with bier of Hussein himself, draped sneers. Then the judge asked him in white and perched on it a where he came from. The boy pure white dove. To make the answered that he was a student in beheading more realistic, a man the Syrian Protestant College. In- lay on the bier with his head out stantly the presiding officer turned to of sight and where the head should his court and said : "We do not need have been protruded the neck of a to go further in this case. The boy comes from the Syrian Protestant College, and the boys from there tell the truth."

freshly slaughtered animal, which at eers, mechanics and other technically the beginning of the performance trained men to assist in this work of spurted blood in most ghastly man- rehabilitation. The company will ner. The procession wound up with include a considerable proportion of two companies of men beating their teachers, doctors and others formerly breasts and crying, "Oh, Hussein! resident in Turkey and familiar with Oh, Hussein!" Thus ended the the language and conditions. celebration commemorating the death of a hero of a religion which drags The Armenians in this country are its followers to a moral and phy- doing their share in this work. Over sical plane of living that is almost $2,000,000 have been contributed by unthinkable. Syrians and Armenians in America through the Presbyterian Board of Missionary Shock Troops Foreign Missions.

WHEN Secretary Josephus Dan- Some Fruits of Victory iels recently cited the U. S. A. marines for distinguished service in DR. JOHN H. FINLEY considers Belleau Wood he closed the citation General Allenby a worthy sucwith the words: cessor of Joshua. When General AI- lenby received a despatch from his "More than faithful in every Chief of Staff on September 20th emergency, accepting hardships with he said: "The battle of Armageddon admirable morale, proud of the has commenced. It is the dawn of honor of taking their place as shock the thousand years of peace." The troops for the American legions, they terms of the armistice signed on Nohave fulfilled every glorious tradition vember 11 included the surrender of of their corps, and they have given Mosul and the evacuation by the to the world a list of heroes whose Turkish troops of Northwestern Pernames will go down in all history." sia and the Caucasus as well.

The missionaries might well be In driving the Turks out from the called the "shock troops" of the Mis- Caucasus, it is again possible to sionary Army occupying these out- open up communication with Northposts. Some have laid down their western Persia, which has been lives in holding their posts, but t~eir pretty well cut off from the world names and all they have done will go for nearly four years. For a long clown in missionary history. time no mail has come from there, and what has come through has only Since the surrender of Turkey been by private messengers, some of there are practically 3,950,000 des- whom have been robbed and killed. titute Armenians, Greeks, Syrians One recent package of letters was and others in Asia Minor, the Cau- brought out by an English aviator, casus, Syria and Mesopotamia, who who kindly went over Urumia to see are accessible to relief funds which what had become of the isolated band have been administered by mission- there, and carried their letters out. aries and others-the "shock troops" during the years of the War, and The opening of the Caucasus will which are being administered today, also mean a chance to provision and which will need to be adminis- Urumia and Tabriz with the many tered in the immediate future. necessities for lack of which there has been great suffering. The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief are hop- The fact that the English troops ing and expecting, with the coopera- are in Ramadan, and that a small tion of the State Department to se- contingent was recently sent to the cure one or more government colliers help of Urumia,-arriving, however, or transports, on which can be sent a week too late to avert the awful from 100 to 300 doctors, nurses, flight of nearly all the Christian agricultural experts, sanitary engin- population-shows that they are in a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

position to move in and help restrain the Turkish police at Beirut, I was the present lawless elements. The imprisoned for a week and- then orbitter feeling between the Moslems dered to leave the city, without any and Christians who have aroused all explanation being given. With my of this enmity, by daring for the first wife and child I started for Constantime to stand for their lives, must tinople, traveling in open cars and in some way be allayed if these two filthy cattle trains, exposed to the peoples who have for centuries lived bitter weather. together in peace, are to continue their relations to each other. The "At Karaman our train was stalled people, weary with years of disorder for three days and nights. We had and all the losses that have followed no food or means with which to keep them, would gladly welcome outside warm on a plain covered with two help. feet of snow and in a temperature below zero. Thirty-two persons on Industrial Work for the Syrian MJsston our train were frozen to death.

NOW that General Allenby's vic- "I offered $2,000 for a camel tory has freed the whole of Sy- transport to Konia, a journey of ria from Turkish oppression, the three hours. This was declined as British Syrian Mission, founded in not being a sufficient amount. My 1860, is making an urgent appeal for wife and child have not recovered help in reestablishing their work. yet from the terrible ordeal. The Mission buildings must be restored and equipped and simple "After living in Constantinople six forms of industrial work should be months I was thrown into a secret established-hand-loom weaving, rug prison at Stamboul with thirty crimmaking, etc. Several of the mis- inals, some of whom were chained sionaries are qualifying themselves to the walls. Neither food nor to train the women in these indus- water was procurable. Afterwards I tries. was sent to the military prison, where I was kept until Sept. 3, m) cell- Among the thousands of Syrian mates being an insane Turk and an women widowed by the war, there Egyptian spy. The madman tried will be many spiritually fitted for the twice to cut my throat while I was vocation of Biblewomen. The Com- asleep." mittee is making plims for the establishment of a Biblewomen's Training The Continent. Home at Damascus, where carefully chosen women will be trained for AFRICA the work of carrying the Word of God into the homes and harems of Sunday-School Work in Egypt the land. SHEIKH METRY DEWAIRY, Modern Martyrs _ who was recently called to assist REV. CHARLES A. DANA and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge as Sunday- Dr. William S. Nelson, mission- school field. worker for Egypt, is aries of the Presbyterian Board in making a personal study of the Cop- Syria were imprisoned by the tic Bible classes and Sunday-schools Turks because of their activities in in Cairo. From this he will extend distributing Red Cross supplies to the his survey to include the beginnings Armenians. The story of their suf- of Sunday-school effort in the Orferings was told by Mr. Dana to a thodox Coptic churches throughout correspondent of the Associated Egypt. Since his father was an or- Press: dained Coptic priest, honored among a wide circle of friends, Sheikh "On Nov. 19, 1917, after all the Dewairy has an entree to any of the records and correspondence of the Orthodox Coptic churches. One of Presbyterian Board were seized by his aims is to educate the priests to an interest in systematic Bible study, and to organize 'groups of children for lectures and the begin-.

nings of class work, led by intelligent A Missionary Physician in West Africa young college men. DR. LUCIUS E. SMITH has been New MoveJ1lent AInong Moslems In the only missionary physician at Benito, West Africa, for a year AbySsInia and the report of cases treated by him during that time fills one with THROUGH the Swedish Evange- amazement at the possibilities of hu- lical Mission a remarkable reli- man endurance. During the twelve gious movement is reported from the months Dr. Smith cared for 10,859 interior of Abyssinia. This has individual cases and made 301 outtaken hold of the Moslem population, side calls. One midnight summons so that in the last six years some 10,- required an eight-mile walk in the 000 have been baptized into the rain. One hundred and eighty-three Christian Church. The apostle of operations were performed, including this movement is an ex-Sheik, Zac- eighty-three major operations, two of caria, who has changed his name to them performed with the thermome- Noaye Kristos, a person of great in- ter at 110°. One patient came from fluence in Sokoto, in the Amhara 650 miles distant and another, a very country where he lives. The move- old man, walked continuously for sixment has sprung from Scriptures dis- teen days to reach the hospital. tributed by the British Bible Society 'in Abyssinia, and is evangelical in Adjusting Personal Property character. Indeed these new Christians are so dissatisfied with the REV. W. C. JOHNSTONE, of <lead forms of the Coptic Church Elat, West Africa, relates some that they are organizing classes for of the experiences a missionary to Scripture study and have mobilized Africa may have in straightening up some 500 men, who are serving as the "personal property" entangleteachers. ments of natives who accept Chris- tianity. One of the head men became The Christian Express. a Christian a short time ago, and as he had forty-seven wives it took The BIble In Zande some time to get his affairs adjusted. At a recent communion service at I N the very hear·t of Central Africa Ngomeden, four men with from two there is a region where the fron- to six wives apiece, wished to betiers of three enormous states-Bel- come Christians. One who was the gian Congo, French Congo and the possessor of six wives had not a Anglo-Egyptian Sudan-come toge- single child, which made his problem ther. This is the home of the easier to solve, as the men usually Azande, black savages numbering wish to put away all the wives who some 300,000 and sometimes called have children and take a new one "Niam niam" (flesh flesh) on ac- without children. Another said he count of their cannibalism. Three would give up trying to be a Chrisor four missions have' approached tian rather than keep the wife who them from different points of the tad three little children. There is compass and representatives of the much patient work for a pastor to Africa Inland Mission and the do in such conditions. Church Missionary Society have now undertaken to translate the The Effect of the Gospel Billie into Zande. A good start was made in the compilation of a gram- T HIS is the testimony of an mar and vocabulary of about 1,000 African native to the work of words by a Frenchman named 'Col- the Gospel among the fierce Ngoni omberoli, working with an inter- tribes: preter. "As I saw men with scars of The Azande are a virile race, in- spears and clubs on them, I martelligent and progressive, and the veled exceedingly. And then, at the printing of the first Gospel in their native speech is a momentous event.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lord's table, to see these people sit- Americanizing the Foreign-Born ting there in· the still quiet of God's presence, my heart was full of won- To discourage the formation of der at the great things God had further varieties of "Little Italy," "Little Poland," such as done." have grown up in great American cities, is a part of the policy of the Encouraging Signs In Angola Methodist Board of Home Missions. A foreign-speaking church is a ne- THE steamship "City of Athens" cessity in the initial stage of work carried nineteen new mIssIon- among newly arrived immigrants, as aries of the Africa Inland Mission it furnishes the only avenue of apto work in Northeast Belgian Congo. proach and is the surest method of At Loanda, the boat waited while the inspiring confidence and establishmissionaries dedicated a new church. ing sympathy; but it is the aim to The building was quite a fine one, have English used increasingly, and and though it has a large capacity, to promote the teaching of English. many people were unable to gain Foreigners may also be reached by entrance at the dedicatory service. the English-speaking church, which Many Portuguese Christians were has workers with a knowledge of the present and the occasion was most foreign' language. There is Boinspiring. An interesting event at hemian work in twenty of the Engthe close of the service was the lish-speaking churches of Nebraska, burning of fetishes which had been white various churches in New York, brought in quantities by those who Chicago, Scranton, Pa., and Clevehad abandoned their superstitious land, Ohio, are carrying on this work faith in them. From fifteen hundred with notable success. to two thousand people witnessed this ceremony of burning. One Church Homes for Enlisted Men great need in this field is literature. The people are begging for some- THERE is in process of formation thing to read. in Chicago among the men who for a year or more have been con- NORTH AMERICA ducting Bible classes at Great Lakes Naval Training Station, an organiza- A I{hald Theological School tion to see that sailors and soldiers returning from the war are placed A KHAKI Theological College is in a church which will welcome being provided, at the request them. It. is the hope of the foundof the Khaki University for Cana- ers of the movement that arrangedian overseas forces, for the con- ments will be made in most of the tinued training of students for the towns of the country, so that returnministry, and for other forms of ing men will be connected definitely Christian service in the churches of the Dominion. The initial teaching with a local church. J. O. Morris, staff consists of representatives of the Anglican, Congregational, Metho- a Chicago lawyer, is sponsor for the dist and Presbyterian Theological idea and with a small committee is Colleges, while additional instructors formulating preliminary plans. It is may be drawn from other Colleges recognized by those back of the proof different denominations. Compre- ject that many of the churches of hensive courses of study have been the country have not been touched drawn up to suit the attainments of by the enthusiasm for practical rethe men and the time at their dis- ligion with which young men have posal. Recruiting new men for the been in contact with abroad. It is ministry will also be carried on by hoped to seek out the various members of the staff, who will have churches of all denominations which a great opportunity of enlisting ad- will give the soldiers and sailors an ditional students. enthusiastic church home. In some communities the Y. M. C. A. will The Canadian Churchman.

be able to do this work, but in other text is from the King James version, places it is, felt that there should be which is' satisfactory to all religious a special committee whose particular groups. The school boards of Wash- work will be the placing of all the ington, D. C., Wichita, Kansas, York, soldiers in active church work of the Pa., and Louisville, Ky., were the denomination they prefer. first to accept the charts for schools.

The Continent. Wilkes-Barre is one of the large cities in which the school board has Bulldlug Ships and hIen since accepted the Bureau's proffer A YEAR ago Hog Island, in the of Commandments for school rooms. Delaware River, near Philadel- Washington, Pa., was first in acphia was all that the name im- cepting them for courts; Pittsburgh, plies. Now pigs have been re- for industrial plants, and Greens- placed by ships, and the Island is burg, Pa., for the outside of church- productive on a gigantic scale in- es. The movement has been cordialstead of being an unprofitable ly approved by the American Bible marsh land. A Jewish rabbi, a Society and by organi]:ations and in- Catholic priest, and Dr. John Watch- dividuals representing many denomiorn, Secretary of the Methodist nations. The charts have been shown City Mission Society of Philadel- to several Catholic prelates who phia, share the task of ministering have said, some of them in writing, to the spiritual needs of the thirty- that they will make no opposition to two thousand men that swarm the plan.

through the yards each day.

Among these workers are Chinese, Mission Work for Negro Missionaries T Hindus, Mexicans and Negroes. HE relevance of having the Negro churches of America main- Dr. Watchorn does not confine his services to a weekly. talk. He tain their own missionary work in shares in all the interests of the Africa, and eventually come into the men, visits those in the hospital and responsibility of evangelizing the in every possible way is a living continent has long been recognized.

exponent of the gospel of brother- One difficulty has been in the matter hood and good citizenship which he of sufficient funds, for in order that Now that peace has come, Hog these churches should feel the work Island will not return to marsh- to be essentially their own they land. The Government will keep should not only furnish the mission- on building ships, a fleet for per- aries, but assume their financial sup- manency to carry American trade port. Definite steps towards this and represent American ideals. end have now been taken in an agree- And along with them the pastor, ment entered into by the American who once built ships himself, will Board, the Negro Congregational strive to build character in the churches and the American Mission- manhood of the shipbuilders. ary Association to raise a fund suffi- cient to support a group of mission- PublIcity for the Ten Commandments aries selected from the 15.0 Negro T HE International Reform Bu- Congregational churches of America, reau is having great encourage- and to apply toward their initial ment in its efforts to have wall charts equipment certain funds now at the of the Commandments posted in disposal of the Association. The first schools, courts and industrial plants missionaries to be appointed· under and on the outside of churches. The this agreement are Rev. and Mrs.

chart omits the numbers on which MacDowell of Chattanooga, Tenn., religious bodies differ, and which both graduates of Talladega College.

are not shown in the Bible. The They have recently sailed for Africa.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Church Unity in Vermont formation in homes, on farms and in the churches. But most significant SINCE May, 1917, a period of of all is the changed attitude toward nineteen months, twenty-two whiskey. When North Carolina unions and federations of churches voted on prohibition so great had have taken place in Vermont. Nine been the revolution of sentiment that towns have been turned over to the only eleven men in Yancey county care of one Protestant church; four- voted against prohibition. teen ministers have been released for service elsewhere; fourteen min- A Successful Exper:lment in MUwaukee isters are receiving a more adequate salary; nineteen hundred dollars of FIVE members of the Polish home missions money have been M:ethodist Church of Milwaukee freed for use in more needy fields; are devoting all their time to Chrisaverage church attendance has in- tian work within the Church; two of creased,..and large numbers of "out- its young men are studying for the siders" have been enlisted in Chris- ministry and three young women tian work. are giving their time to the Church's social service program. This is the The method of federation em- outstanding result of a missionary ployed in fourteen of the above men- experiment begun ten years ago in tioned instances was that of an ex- a congested Polish quarter of Milchange of fields–one denomination waukee. The first years of the exwithdrawing from a given field in periment were beset with difficulties, favor of another denomination due to the opposition of Catholic inwhich, in turn, leaves another field fluence, but steadily prejudice has to the first denomination. This ex- been overcome and the church has change is made only with the con- gradually come to be a vital force sent of the community. for good in the Polish community of Milwaukee. It has a member- Such a work as this has important ship of seventy. Services are conbearing upon the relation to the ducted in Polish, Sunday school in church of the young men returning Polish and English and the Epworth from the' war, who have become ac- League wholly in English. customed to a religion which expresses itself in practical ways.

Schools for Mountaineers A "Sunday House" for Rural Church THE Yancey Collegiate institute of Goers North Carolina is typical of the thirty-seven schools which the South- THE "Sunday House" is the newern Baptist Church has established est invention in Southwestern for mountaineers. Its superintend- Texas, where people live on large ent, Dr. Albert Brown, says that ranches and ordinary church attendwhen he started out to raise the anceis impossible. These people $3000 needed to found this school are, however, spiritually-minded, and he was told that the people would depend much upon their church life. never give such a sum for education. The "Sunday House" is the soluc On the contrary, men without a dol- tion. The head of each household lar gave a cow or a colt; women maintains a meagerly furnished but who had never once seen a school comfortable house near the church, gave wool or chickens, and children and every Saturday afternoon there gathered herbs and chestnuts for the is a continuous procession of concause. Later, the people of the com- veyances, carrying the families from munity gave $5000 in addition and children to grandparents, with food now the property is worth $45,000. for man and beast. Sunday-school, As for the results, one must travel eleven o'clock preaching service, Epover the country and see the trans- worth 'League, missionary society and evening service all find the en-

tire family in prompt attendance, LATIN AMERICA and early on Monday morning the Coordination in Cuba.

T long procession wends it way back HE "get together" and "work to- gether" spirit is growing among to the week-day home, refreshed and invigorated for the coming Protestant missionaries in Cuba.

week. Mr. Sylvester Jones, Secretary of the Committee of Conference in Ha- Orientals in Utah vana, has offered his office as a JAPANESE Christians in Ogden, clearing-house for plans and move- Utah, have rented a small room ments. The Committee has been for preaching services and are plan- able to meet in large measure the ning to furnish it. They have prom- demand for religious literature and ised to supply thirty dollars a month printed helps in church and Sun- for mission work. Twenty Chris- day school work. Plans are now tian Japanese in Salt Lake City are under way for supplying the general rejoicing that they are to have a public with religious reading mat- mission and have subscribed thirty- ter. The Book Depository has a five dollars a month towards its sup- growing list of volumes on Missions, port, in addition to furnishing a Temperance, Bible Study, Biography, parsonage for the pastor, who will Methods and Recreation.

have the care of both these fields. The Sub-Committee on Social The two organizations will be called Work has taken initial steps for a "The Japanese Church of Christ in Temperance and Anti-Gambling Ogden and Salt Lake City." About Campaign, which will include medal 6,000 Japanese live in this inter- contests.

mountain region. A number of joint efforts have been undertaken, such as union Canada's Econom.ic Perils Thanksgiving services, union summer DRASTIC and revolutionary reso- services and union monthly meet- lutions were adopted in the re- ings of English-speaking ministers port of the Committee on Moral and in Havana.

Social Reform, and it is indicative of Canadian sentiment that this report Food and Strong DrInk in Guatemala was .accepted unanimously and with- "WHY permit distillers to ship to out any important amendment. A foreign countries the liquor few extracts from this report indi- they may not sell in America?" is cate its sweeping character: the pertinent query of the editor of 1. The present economic system Guatemala News. The recent amend- stands revealed as one of the ment to a food bill prohibiting the causes of the war. manufacture of liquor during the period of demobilization of our 2. The war has made more dearly army specifically makes an exception manifest the moral perils inherent of liquor for exports. This would in the system of production for profits. allow the sending of demoralizing drink, which has been excluded from 3. The demand of workers for hu- this country, to be unloaded on man conditions of living, com- Guatemala and other countries, bined with the unfulfilled, often -where American missionaries are la- forgotten, but undying ethics of boring to raise the level of living. Jesus Christ, requires nothing less than a transference of the whole A Buenos Aires Bible Class S economic life from a basis of com- IXTY men at the morning session petition to one of cooperation and of a Bible Class in Argentina is service. one of the gratifying features in the -The Congregationlist and Advance. development of the work in the First

1919J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Methodist Church of Buenos Aires. they would think about it. This was The class was begun several months the result. We had had a good ago under the supervision of Jay deal of snow that winter, and a C. Field, a Y. M. C. A. Secretary, number of the very needy people and it has grown steadily. The leader is now W. H. Spencer, the died of cold and hunger. Those boys representative of a New York busi- went down to the back streets of the ness house. Many British and city, and found a poor widow with American men as well as Argentin- three children. She had no money, ians attend and join in the discussions of popular and current topics no fire, and no food. The boys said: in their relation to Bible teaching. 'If you will come up to our school every day at noon we will give you GENERAL something to eat.' The woman would not believe them, because, you World Sunday School Plans see, she was only a woman. But at last, when her children were at LEADING educators of Athens death's door, she determined to see who have been visiting America if those boys really meant what they with the Metropolitan, or Archbishop said. She came up to the school, of the Greek Orthodox Church, and j;he got a good meal for herself stated that they would welcome the and her children. 'I'he next day coming of a Sunday-school Commis- they gave her another good meal, sion to Greece. In that country, re- and the staff gave her charcoal. ligion and morals are taught in the They went on doing it the whole public schools, and the visitors had winter. Those boys took it in turn many questions to ask concerning the every day, to give up their own methods and success of our Sunday- dinner to feed the poor widow and schools. her children. If you could only know all the prejudices that had to Inquiries are also coming from give way in the doing of that, you Russia as to American Sunday would feel it was worth while teachschool methods which may be ing the Bible in a school for Moslem adopted by the Greek Church of boys." Russia in the very urgent work of religious instruction in that vast OBITUARY NOTIOE· country. Plans are taking shape for a great assembling of the Sunday- Rev. B. A. Walter of India school forces of the world in Tokyo, in 1920 and it is probable that a REV. HOWARD ARNOLD series of ewngelistic meetings will be WALTER, the Secretary of the held in Japan, and possibly China, National Council of the Y. M. C. A. Korea and the Philippines, preceding for India, died in Lahore, India, the Tokyo Convention to be held early in November, 1918. Mr. Walin May, 1920. The last World Sun- ter 'and his family had been engaged day School Convention held was in in missionary work in India for five Zurich, Switzerland, in the summer years. He had given much time to of 1913. the study of Islam and had spent several months in Egypt. Last year A Moslem Good Samaritan also, en route to India, he had spent some months in Japan in research AN English missionary was giving work and the study of missions. the Bible lesson on the Good Samaritan to some boys in a Mos- Mr. Walter had completed sevlem town. The boys were full of eral books on missions and just bepraise for the Samaritan. "But we fore his death had started upon what came to the end," says the mission- he hoped would be his masterpiece. ary, "'Go, and do thou likwise.' I Of his many poems the one below. said, 'Now look here, boys, what entitled "My Creed" has received are you going, to do?' They said highest praise.

I would be true, ber of theological works and was For there are those who trust me; highly esteemed for his ability as a preacher and his warm heartedness. I would be pure, For there are those who care; Dr. Johu Wherry of China I would be strong, For there is much to suffer; AFTER over half a century of ser- I would be brave, vice as a missionary in China un- For there is much to dare; der the Presbyterian Board of For- I would be friend of all-the foe-the eign Missions, the Rev. Dr. John Wherry died at Peking, China, on friendless; Thursday, January 2d. Dr. Wherry I would be giving and forget the gift; was nearly 80 years of age and after I would be humble, eighteen years of work, had just com- For I know my weakness; pleted translating the Bible into I would look up-and laugh-and classical literary Chinese. He was graduated from Princeton Theologi- love-and lift. cal Seminary in 1861, and, after preaching in camps during the civil Rev. Charles Jukes of Madagascar war, went to China. All but a few years of his life had been spent in REV. CHARLES JUKES, a vet- that country, where he was highly eran .missionary 6f Madagascar, respected and greatly loved. who died November 3, 1918, in his seventy"eighth year, went out to Rev. James Cohen of Safed, Palestine this field from England in 1866. He was appointed to the charge of JEWISH missions and Hebrew Ankadibevava, where he continued Christians sustained a great loss to work for more than thirty years. in the tragic death of the Rev. When Madagascar came under Tames Cohen, a victim of Turkish French rule his charge was trans- cruelty. The Missionar'J' Record of ferred to the care of the Paris Mis- the United Ftee Church of Scotland sionary Society and Mr. Jukes re- reports that the last message received turned to England, where he trav- from him was sent through a Briteled much in the interests of the ish prisoner of war in the Taurus society. Mountains, stating that he was obliged to leave Safed and was en- Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D. deavoring to make his way to Con- stantinople. THE well-known Evangelist, Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D., vice- Mr. Cohen was born in Russia, chairman and Executive head of the but as a boy was taken to Safed, New Era Movement of the Presby- where he became a pupil in Mr. terian Church, died in New YOI:k Cristie's evening school. After a City December 25, following an oper- period of instructIon he was baptised ation which was the third he had un- in Tiberias by the late Rev. James dergone within the past two years. Souta in 1895. This was, so far as Dr. Chapman was born in Richmond, known, the first baptism on the Indiana, in 1859. He was a gradu- shores of Galilee since the days of ate of Lake Forest University and Constantine. He had to face much Lane Theological Seminary, and in opposition, and for nine years after 1882 was ordained to the Presby- his confession of faith his father terian ministry. Twenty-five years refused to see him. After training ago he took up his evangelistic work in the Syrian Protestant College at and during this time he made more Beirut, he was appointed evangelist than one tour of the world, holding at Tiberias and in 1912 was ordained revival services in many different to the ministry by the Presbytery of lands. In 1917, Dr. Chapman was Sidon. elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, a position which he held until May, 1918. He was the author of a num-

MISSIONARY

Rising Japan: Is She a Menace, or that his volume will be regarded a Comrade to Be Welcomed to as a case of special pleading with the Fraternity of Nations? By a foreword by the President of the Jabez T. Sunderland, M. A., D. D. Japan Society. We doubt whether xi, 220 pp. New York: G. P. any nation is as nearly perfect as Putnam's Sons. $1.25. 1918. the one described here; it reads more like a modern Utopia, in the The author was Billings Lecturer etymological sense of the word. in 1913-14 in Japan, China and rndia, and thus gained first-hand Thoburn-Called of God. By W. information used in this volume. F. Oldham. Illus. 188 pp. New If one were to regard this dis- York: The Methodist Book Concussion as telling "the whole truth," cern. $1.00. 1918. as well as "the truth and. nothing but the truth," the question of his Bishop Oldham was a fellowsubtitle would be answered em- worker of Bishop Thoburnin Southphatically in favor of comradeship ern Asia and is a man of like spirit. in the fraternity of nations. All This intimate relation of the two who have written before as dissen- men gives value to the sketch, both tients would be under the suspicion in its selection of material. and in of being liars, and Japan would be its interptetation of a great life. the paragon of nations, despite the The bulk of the volume is made author's modest disclaimer of hav- up of quotations from Dr. Thoing proved that to be true. burn's pen on various subjects re- lated to his work in India and Japan has undoubtedly been mis- his views of missions. Through understood and unfairly treated in it all runs the thread of Bishop the past. She is most that the Thoburn's thesis: "My life furnishes author claims for her in civiliza- a testimony to the fact that God tion; she is less of a menace-if any has been with me, not only in a at all-than sand-lot orators and general way, all the time, but espec- Pacific Coast demagogues picture ially at set times, and in distinctive her; the "conclusion of the whole ways his presence has been unmismatter" at the close is sound politics takable." It was that conviction and religion. But we wonder why that made his work on the mission some items not mentioned are over- field so unswerving and which led looked, such as Japan's conquest of men of other views and missions to Korea in detail, and her proposed question the universal application articles. of attachment (January 18, of certain theories, based upon in- 1915), of most that was worth hav- dividual leading. Dr. Oldham has ing in China. A goodly array of made good his word "called" as it Japanese missionary endorsement is is prefixed to most of the chaptersquoted for Japan, but perhaps a "called" to preach, to foreign mislarger number of missionaries in sionary service, to momentous ex- China are suspicious of their next- periences, to help create a woman's door neighbor? We wonder what missionary movement; called across great justification for further mis- the Ganges, to Calcutta, to father sionary effort in well-nigh faultless India, to the missionary bishopric, Japan could be gathered from such to the Farthest East; and now, in a volume. The author has over- these sun,set years, to a life of quiet done a desirable piece of irenics, so 157

waiting. In Bishop Warne's final unique way. Despite its occasional appreciation, he speaks of his former denominational reference, the s e co-worker under the heads of the thirty-five pages might perhaps be evangelist, the statesman,-a point reprinted for general exploitation not well enough made,-and the purposes; or, better still, Dr. Noss prophet. There is need for a much and others equally able to write ampler life of Bishop Thoburn with from other parts of Japan, might the central factors of this great issue a general appeal of similar India missionary as its leading character for the entire Empire. theme. Every field needs just such general text-books prepared as this special Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By one has been written. Christopher Nass and Associates of the Tohoku Mission. lIlus., Money, the Acid Test. By David maps, 302 pp. Philadelphia: McConaughy. 12mo, 187 pp., 50 Board of Foreign Mission, Re- cents. Laymen's Missionary Move- formed Church in the United ment. New York, 1918. States. 60 cts. 1918. Stewardship is not a new subject, This seems to be the best mission but it is here treated with a freshstudy text-book written for Japan, ness, a vigor and with true idealism though its scope and avowed deno- that is stimulating, interesting and minational purpose make it unsuit- practically helpful. The war has able for general use. Its full analy- taught many new lessons in stewtical outlines, true paragraph head- ardship of time, money and talents. ings, specially prepared l1Iaps, abun- There has been a new vision of the dant and well-chosen half-tones, needs of mankind; a new sense of concreteness of style, living interest responsibility and a new taste of and the breadth and catholicity of the joys of sacrificial giving. This treatment make it richly worthy of vision, this sense, this taste, all need commendation. While the northern to be regenerated by the Spirit of section of Japan's main island sup- Christ, so as to be directed into the plies the background of the volume, field of. spiritual service. the Empire is homogeneous enough to make what is recorded here Mr. McConaughy goes to the root approximately true of all Japan. of the matter. He makes steward- One wishes that the book's wisdom ship, not lavish giving or tithing, of method and catholicity of spirit the basis of giving. The inspirawere equally wide-spread there. tion of it is indebtedness to and part- The usual categories of the field nership with God. The zeal for text-book are found under new and acquiring is tempered with the attractive headings, of which "Old thought that possession is not Ways and New Laws" and "Many ownership, and that "the resources Gods" are good illustrations, as of God are promised only to those well as among the chapters best who undertake the program of God." worth general reading. The person This distinction between ownership who would know just how the mis- and possession has been well illussionaries carryon their work cannot trated in the Government tax on do better than to read chapters war incomes. V-VII in their entirety, as the various forms of Christian effort are The joy of spending is safedescribed and explained in a most guarded with the thought that to satisfactory way. The chapter en- abuse is to lose. Saving is distintitled "The Call of Tohoku" is really guished from hoarding, and giving the call of all Japan voiced in a is recognized as a joy rather than a requirement. The chapters on pro- portions, on accounting and on influencing others are definite and ness to be associated with most of practical. W.e could wish no better the enterprises which have sought thing than that all in our churches the all round development of and Sunday-schools and Young Peo- young manhood in this country and ples' Societies should study this in the world. In the book, the book, and master its facts and reader finds himself coming into ideals. Such a study and the adop- personal touch with the heroes of tion of these principles would his boyhood, men like Moody and elevate the whole spirit and life of Speer, McBurney and Mott, Stagg the Church and would vastly in- and Studd. Richard Morse has had crease the giving to the work of a keen eye to see young men of Christ at home and abroad. Pastors leadership-and he has had the good and missionary secretaries would judgment to let these young men feel new eooperation and response make their own mistakes and win from their constituencies, and Chris- ,their own successes. Today Mr. tians would experience new satis- Morse's "boys" are commanding the faction in the acquisition and use Association as it masters the suof money. preme opportunity offered by the Great War, and the period of re- My Life With Young Men. By construction. Richard C. Morse. 8vo. $3.50. Association Press, 1918. The author's story modestly im- plies that he has had remarkable Those who have known the power in winning to his cause men author of this book, or have sat as and women of great wealth. But his students in the summer schools he has not failed to see that the which he did so much to foster, young men of today must face with will see him again in these pages, new courage the question of accuand hear him talk in chatty, familiar mulation as well as of its distribufashion, of the Association move- tion. ment as it has been carried along for a half century upon the tides of The book while dealing with a great movement, gives now and God. again delightfully intimate views of If Richard Morse had not been the home life of the author. It is a very human book. a servant of men, he would have betrayed his ancestry. Belonging The American Girl and Her Comto the famous Morse family, he en- munity. By Margaret Slattery. tered as a child a circle of Chris- 170 pp. $1.25 net. Pilgrim Press, tian culture and service. He was Boston, 1918. a student at Yale in the days of the Civil War, and learned patriot- With that deep understanding, ism and its high demands. keen insight and warm sympathy that has become hers through con- He early found his life work with stant association with and study of young men. Making his home in girlhood, Miss Slattery portrays the New York, he has become a citizen American girl, "a composite of all of the world. As the General Sec- the daughter, of all the people." A retary of the International Commit- new and larger vision is here gained tee, he has been a part of every ad- of what the American girl means to vance of the years. He has encour- her community and what her comaged the educational, the physical munity means to her. The rural, the department, he has furthered the suburban and the city girl is picturwork among the students. When ed in business, in school and at there were many sceptics, he be- home, with her hopes, her dreams lieved in the organization of Asso- and her ambitions. On the one ciations in foreign lands. hand she is greeted with faith and It has been the author's happihope, for "she will enrich America's her old home again. The problem soul, enlarge her power and develop of the Adriatic is not so simple as increasingly in her the steadiness it seems, with Italy as a holder of of purpose and the passion for much of the littoral, and is one that justice that will keep her equal calls for decision in the peace counto the task of a true Democracy." cils. Being completed in December, On the other hand, there is a chal- 191-7, Mr. Savi6's volume does not lenge to the community that owes anticipate the form that Pan-Slavso much to this new American girl, ism will probably take. Standing for it dare not fail her in the present together as a southern barrier crisis. The book is an inspiration against wrong, those peoples are to American girls and those who pictured as taking refuge in Holy work with them. Russia and Mother Moscow, their great ally and Mecca, a dream that South-Eastern Europe, the Main the author probably would not now Problem of the Present World wish to be realized. On the other Struggle. By Vladislav R. Savic. side, Mongol Bulgaria will probably IlIus., map, 276 pp. Fleming H. remain as the author prophesies. Revell Company. New Y 0 r k. Like other books of its class, 'this $1.50. 1918. volume is already out of date, though helpful for the purpose al- President Butler of Columbia ready named. University points out in his introduction, that a durable peace can- The City Worker's World. By not be secured until the Eastern Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch. Question has been settled. To leave 12mo. 235 pp. $1.25 net. The it open will be to invite ambitious or Macmillan Co. 1918. greedy nations to enter again into the arena of conflict. Such a com- Fifteen years' experience as direcplicated problem is insoluble with- tor of Greenwich House, New York, out a full understanding of the en- is Mrs. Simkhovitch's qualification tire question, and for that purpose for writing this story of the city such a volume as this of Mr. Savio, worker-his family, home, educaformer head of the press bureau of tion, work, health, play, politics and the Serbian Foreign Office, is a real religion. The view point is very contribution. He holds that as different from that of Mrs. Bain- America's entrance upon the scene bridge, not less worthy of study but will materially affect the final solu- less spiritual. General facts and tion, it is incumbent upon Ameri- statistics are here emphasized rather cans to know all the facts in the than personal experiences. In the case. These he presents from the chapter on religion, for instance, a side of history-the Austro-Hun- belief in God is recognized as almost garian, that of the earlier life of the universal and as important, but there Southern Slavs and of the contact is no conviction apparent as to the of Austria-Hungary with that race, necessity for faith in Christ and and later in those events that surrender to Him. caused the Austro-Serbian war, the match that set alight the world Religion is defined as the "capacconflagration. Serbia's later part in ity to face life triumphantly." "The the world war is a brilliant record sex impulse is the mother of all the of martial valor and a pathetic hopes," says Mrs. Simkhovitch, and sequel of defeat under overwhelm- she traces religion to the hope for ing odds, a loss that she has since advancement and the fear of unrevenged in her victorious maI'ch known powers. The author's facts with the Allies from Monastir to are interesting and helpful, but her philosophy is unsatisfactory. Korean Buddhism: History-Con- and high-places visited by the ditions-Art. By Frederick Starr. author with more or less adventure. Illus, xix, 104 pp. Marshall Jones The monks for the most part are Company. Boston: $2.00. 1918. not as notable for their piety and scholarship as for their disreputable Professor Starr of Chicago Uni- character and deplorable ignorance versity "but scratches the surface" -with exceptions, of course. The of a subject to the investigation of third section deals with Buddhist which he has given days of journey- art as seen in Korea, including with ing to remote mountain monasteries stone and wood carvings, architecand nights of conversation and in- ture, images or idols, and paintings, quiry among their priests. Small the singular subdivison of scenery! as the volume is,-altogether incom- Not singular, however, in the Far mensurate with its high price,-it East where Buddhists seek out and nevertheless is a fuller account of utilize every coign of scenic ad- Buddhism in this corner of Buddha- vantage, to the delight of even Ocdom than we have hitherto seen. cidental visitors, as well as of their It is the terra incognita of Buddhist Oriental guests. The author has literature in English; and with so given the Occident a sample of interesting a guide, the reader sees stores of information that should curious and interesting scenes and later lead to a full volume, supplelearns facts that are equally un- mental to these three lectures. familiar. The three magi bringing Buddhist gifts to the Three King- The Tragedy of Armenia: A Brief doms were Sundo, a yellow Tibetan Study and Interpretation. By to Northern Koguryu in 369 A. D. ; Bertha S. Papazian. xiii, 164 pp. the olive-hued Hindu, Marananda, Boston: Pilgrim Press. $1.00. to Pakche in the south in 384; and 1918. black Mukocha, an Ethiopian, to Silla on the east in the year 424. Next to Belgium and France, but From Pakche, Buddhism was sent for a different reason, the Christian for the first time to Japan in 552,- world has been most moved by the according to Professor Starr's chron- tragic fate of Armenia during these ology. In the Koryu Dynasty (918- years of blood and colossal wrong. 1392 A. D.) Buddhism was at first The writer of this little volume royally fostered, though it was for- has a right to voice the sorrows of bidden to build more monasteries. a race one of whose surnames she Next, Confucian officials out-influ- bears, and she does it so finely and enced Buddhist monks, and despite tellingly that the book is differthe temporary revival under a entiated from volumes like Mr. strongly Buddhist king in the Savie's which are mainly interested middle of the eleventh century, the in the political aspects of postthirty thousand monks present at a bellum reconstruction. A vivid single ceremony so deteriorated that sketch-history of Armenia in pagan in 1392 Yi-Tajo overthrew the days and in those centuries follow- Dynasty because it had gone over ing her conversion under St. Gregto a corrupt religion. Varying for- ory, brings the story to the begintunes, mostly hostile to Buddhism, nings of Turkish domination and followed in the Dynasty that gave the subseqent renaissance when the way to the present Japanese rule, political dream of Armenian regenersince which time the faith is once ation was incarnated in Israel Ori. more gaining prestige under the The rise and influence of the Near more enlightened Buddhist sects. Eastern question, hints of the awful massacres and the 'cataclysm of the Under the heading "Conditions," world war, bring the volume to its is an interesting account of temples climax, "In the World Court," Signor Gorrini, Italian Consul-Gen- cents. Home Mission Board of eral at Trebizond, W. T. Stead, the Southern Baptist Convention. Henry Morgenthau and a dozen Atlanta, Georgia. 1918. other pleaders stand before this Court and testify to Armenia's sore It is right that the South should distress and worthiness, a plea interpret the South and issue its whkh the blood of hecatombs of own call. Too often the calls have men and women martyrs accentu- come exclusively from Northerners ates. Rarely in such literature does interested in the Southern problems. one find such exquisite English, such clarity Df quiet argument and Dr. Masters speaks as a Southsuch a massing of evidence in favor erner, a student and a worker who of immediate help for a race whose loves his native land. He shows advocate the author is. the extent and character of the needs of various classes-the moun- In the Wilds of South America. taineers, the immigrants, the N e- By Leo F. Miller. IIlus., maps, groes, the unchurched. This is a xiv, 424 pp. New York: Charles book of facts forcibly presented and Scribner's Sons. $4.50. 1918. incidents well told. It is one that all interested in the Christianization This fine volume is the record of America should read. of six years of exploration in Columbia, Venezuela, British Guiana, The Christian Crusade for W orId Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Democracy. By S. Early Taylor and Brazil, undertaken as a natural- and Halford E. Luccock. IIlus., ist of the American Museum of maps, 203 pp. The Methodist Natural History between the years Book Concern, New York. 75 cts. 1911-1916. In the third and fourth 1918. paragraphs of the author's preface one finds a colorful, picturesque The senior secretary of the Methepitome of those adventurous, fas- odist Board of Foreign Missions cinating, laborious years. has been one of the foremost leaders in the sane exploitation of Missions; "The purpose of this narrative is and this is a book that well exhibits to follow the course of explorations his ingenuity and success in setting into the tropical jungles of the forth the claims of the various Amazon, Paraguay, Orinoco, and fields of his Board, an effort in other South America's master which Mr. Luccock has contributed rivers, and to the frigid heights of his quota also. It is primarily inthe snow-crowned Andes." tended as a text-book for classes in Epworth Leagues and Methodist Aside from its scientific character, Sunday-schools. the expeditions and these records supply occasional descriptions of "Making Democracy Safe for the the tribes encountered and less fre- W orId" is followed by chapters quent reference to isolated, jungle- telling of the denomination's work immured misionaries doing a self- and opportunity in Latin America, denying and useful work for savage China, India, Africa, the Pacific communities. It likewise gives the Islands bordering Asia, and needy reader a fair idea of unoccupied sections of Europe-tell it not in sections of the mission field, which Great Britian and on the Continent! await a later and more devoted type As the volume makes central the of Protestant missionary than now centenary of Methodist missions, to feels the call to turn from enlight- be celebrated in 1919, the final ened pagans to degraded, scattered chapter is its peroration, each of the and savage heathen. previous sections being separate and exclusive appeals. Altogether it is The Call of the South. By Victor a masterpiece of wise exploitation. 1. Masters. 12mo, 220 pp., 60 Wilson and Foch say Bible Teachers Training School -"A man has dePrived himself of lhe besI there is in the world who has deprivedhim- Interdenominational and International ——-se/foJintimateknowl- DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President edge ofthe Bible•.. -Pres. Wilson. Bible study the central, organizing discipline of the curriculum. leThe Bible is certain.. ly the best prepartion Students from 30 denominations and 18 coun- that you can gz·ve to tries last year. – an Amet'ican soldier goin,rr into bottle to School subdivided into: School of Theolog, sustain his magnificent ideal and faith. I, (three years course); School 01 religious Peda- {N. Y. Bible Sociely.)-Marskal Foch. gogy (three years course); School 01 Millions Answer this "Call to the Colors" (two years course); School lor Bihle Teachers (two years course). Be a Trained These two great leaders voice a direct appeal to intelligent men Christian Association Leaders Christian Worker ~~~~~i~:~-~~:cf:%t!~a~~~~: Y. M. The" School offera couree. of .pecial value to – C. A. and. Y. W. C. A. leode…. industrial and home workers. farmers, mechanics, soldiers T!th!e=;eioC~O~uOrfefMoocho~v~e:r !a;1.t~o!t:a:l:o;.f a55:0:hSo~urhs1o1f :E:ng~l~h:;b N::e;';;~:St~~r~i~~~~r~ ~r~:iOd:~:idefoarn~b~~~s,;~~ EducationJ 90 hours of Sociology; 90 hour. in Pracreally know the Bible. There is personal profit .beyond anything you can imagine in prayerful, systematic Bible tlce Work in Teacbing, undercritici.m: 150 hour. in reading and study. Get ready! Start at oncel The P.ycbology.

Correspondence Courses Winter term begins January 2nd of the MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTEwillgiveyouasyst"m Bible Teachers Training School tostudyby-a"uide. a teacher. ¥ouwlllbeapersonalpupi! 541 Lexington Avenue, New York ;::::tfol:~e~~~~rftfe~~taosfs~~~~; ~~~~~:g;~;;nd~~l~o~k: Publiohero of -r::,~!,::~,:e,:.-:~.t.)(Sampl. coPy to Write Today ¥::~~·~:nt:'L~ls~~d~::uio~w~r~!~~e:: THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Dept. SllZ 153 In.mute Place Chicaco.III'jl!!:==================!!i!!iiiEa!!

"Can You Name a Strong A GREAT BOOK ON but Plain Book on the DISPENSATIONAL AtoneInent?" TRUTH Ng: ~~ ~~"gia~~';,~ ~=!:,"e~~'h~:: Containing 40 Splendid Propheti- ~~o~o~k~••esanTdh~c:o!rr,eslpto.n..drIengg~l:y;:a .:.r~e~·;:fr~e~ cal Charts, each 9 x 20 inches, and 20 Chapters of Descriptive Mauer .erioUll absence ot definire a.nd Scriptura.! reaching upon this. the centra.! truth o. ChristIanity. Tli.. Buok .. th~ ftault 01 But now the need ,. supplied in '.11l't7 yea…- .tOO,. . t Dq.., pen••floa.1 'fl'w.tb alltl tear 7eBrII bave JH.CIl aPeat I.

ib!, IIWTpal'Jltiollo It I.

Atonement and Law SANIll, "n.t " "''TDIIiI-sm..

By JOHN M. ARMOUR, D. D. I'", .. TER~" cont.lli.. no "",.eca- '(atlve matt.. b . .ecl …. "An orlglna.! !!ne of rrgument that is at once cle…. strong and concusive." In pOllular edi- tbe ""ITTURIIT SCHOOL"! tion, newly set thronghout. of 'nt.rpft'tatlonJ .. tllllu·I,… will b~ of …._ …..at v81U ;'ail • ..aailard ….b.l'fQ'· Oil "UD"pt"Rllationat 'l'rath"

aad 1. a IIDhI.. of Inf.rma… tl_ _ Pro..h..tJe TnltJr,.

Dean Gray of the Moody Bible. Institute ad of Illeal..ulable ".Iue says: UThe testimony that it Wa!J one of the most remark- ~ "".." Bo.l…"."n(.

able bookS on the A'tonement wblch 'that generatIon The .oolt ,• •':'4 to he had produeed stands unchallenged still. and with ardor the aHotent B……. "Oil …….. I reoommend 1t to my brethren everywhere." peaRatlona] 'l"rutb'" In the ……r1d. an. i. hl&"hly ('om..

_elided b7 the koaillnc …~~tle.1 R..h.l… of the da.,.. a .., .. haTI. . . . wide ~ 12mo.. 207 P&pes, [,sper covers, 50 cents; cloth Publiobed by tbe Autlu>r covers. gil stamp, $1.00 net. . CLARENCE LARKIN THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N I'..tor Bethany Bapti.t nurch 809 North LaSall. Street Chicago FOX CHASE, PHII.A., PA.

Price I'..tpaid, $2.50 Re..;t by P. O. Order Please mention TBlC MISSIONARY RltVIltw OP THlC WORI.D in writing to adverti~€rs

NEW BOOKS ON_MISSIONS

The Near East from Within. Svo, 265 The History of Religions. By E. Wash- pp. $1.50. E. P. Dutton & Co., New burn Hopkins. 8vo. 624 pp. $3.00. York, 1918. The Macmillan Co., New York. 1918.

America and the Near East. By Abra- The Far East Unveiled. By. Frederic ham MitTie Rihbany. 16mo, 164 pp. Coleman. 304 pp. 7s, 6d. Cassell, $1.00 net. The Beacon Press, Boston, London. ·1918. 1918. Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. The Church and the Great War. By Worth M. Tippy. 16mo, 139 pp. Clarke. IIlus. 482 pp. $2.50. Dodd, $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell, New Mead & Co., New York. 1918. York and Chicago, 1918. Korean Buddhism. By Frederick Starr. The Achievements of Christianity. By 8vo. 104 pp. $2.00. Marshall Jones, J. K. Mozley. 16mo, 85 pp. Is. 6d. So- Boston, 1918. ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, London, 1918. The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By Basil The Approaching End of the Age. By Matthews. 160 pp. 2s. U. C. M. E., H. Grattan Guinness. 12mo, 371 pp. 65., net. Morgan & Scott, London, London. 1918. 1918. The Race of Judaism among the Reli- The Pulpit in War Time. A symposium. gions of the World. By C. C. Monte- 16mo, 173 pp. $0.75. Presbyterian fiore. 61 pp. Is, M. Lindsey Press, Board of Publication, Philadelphia. London. 1918.

The Country Church in the South. By The Christian Approach to Islam. By Victor I. Masters. 12mo, 207 pp. James L. Barton. 8vo. 311 pp. $2.00. Baptist Home Mission Board. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1918.

The Birth of the Russian Democracy. Reconstruction in Turkey. Report. American Committee Armenian and By A. J. Sack 4to, 530 pp. $3.50 Syrian Relief.

Russian Information Bureau, New The Tragedy of Armenia. By Bertha York, 1918. S. Papazia 12mo. 164 pp. $1.00. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1918. Rising Japan. By Jabez T. Sunderland. 12mo, 220 pp. $1.25. G. P. Putnam's Thirty Years in Tropical Australia. By Sons, New York, 1918. Gilbert White. 264 pp. lOs, 6d. So- ciety for Promotion of Christian Mexico's Dilemma. By Carl W. Acker- Knowledge, London. 1918. man. Svo, 2S1 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran & Co., New York, 1918. Christian Forsyth of Fingoland. By W. P. Livingstone. 236 pp. 5s. Hodder The Life of Faul. By Benjamin W. & Stoughton, London. 1918. Robinson. 12mo, 250 pp. $1.25. Uni- versity of Chicago Press, 1918. Under Coligny's Banner. By Albert Lee. 12mo. 314 pp. 4s, 6d. Morgan The Knock on the Door. By Mary & Scott, London. 1915. Caroline Holmes. 12mo, 239 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell, New York and He That is Spiritual. By Lewis S. Chicago, 1918. Chafer. 12mo. 151 pp. $0.75. A. C. Gaebelein, New York. 191B. Morning Faces. By Georg-e McPherson Hunter. 8vo, 219 pp $1.25. George A Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By H. Doran Company, New York, ~918. Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 155 pp. Is, 6d. Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Little Whiteface and. His Brownie Society, London. 1918. Friends. By "B. Martin." Pamohlet. $0.40. Presbyterian Standard Publish- The Faith that Makes Faithful. By ing Company, Charlotte, N. C., 1918. William Channing Gannett and Jen- kin Lloyd Jones. 12mo. 164 pp. Hudson Taylor and the China Island $1.25. The Stratford Company, Bos- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. Howard ton. 1915. Taylor. Svo. 640 pp. Is net. Mor- gan & Scott, London. 1918. The Lutheran Church in Paris. By William Wackernagel. 12mo. 63 pp. Camps and Trails in China. By Roy $0.50. General Council Publication Chapman Andrews. Svo 334 pp. House, Phila. 1918. $3.00. D. Appleton & Co., New York. 1918. Romance of the Red Triangle. By Sir Arthur K. Yapp. 12mo. 195 pp. $1.00. The Democratic Movement in Asia. By Geo. H. D{)ran, New York. 1915. Tyler Dennett. 16 mo. 252 pp. $1.50. Associated Press, New York. 191B. The Sword of the Spirit. By Joseph Fort Newton. 12mo. 240 pp. $1.25. Geo. H. Doran, New York. 1915.

XIII

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Plleeause meatioll THlf MZSSIONllY ~.w OP 'tHlt WOlU,.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals DR. W. J. WANLESS, missionary physician to India, recently received a fitting recognition of his long sBrvice, when the people of India paid three-fourths of the cost of a newly opened hospital at Miraj as a testimonial to him.

DR. HENRY H. MEYER, Sunday School editor, who has been traveling in China, Japan and Korea with DR. E. D. SOPER and BISHOP HARRIS, says that the work they have seen justifies every sacrifice that has heen made; but that a crisis has come with the close of the war, and the social and industrial conditions in those nations.

REV. F. H. KNUBEI., D. D., pastor of the Lutheran Church of the Atonement in New York City, was elected President of the new United Lutheran Church, recently formed ,by the merging of three Lutheran bodies.

DR. W. W. PINSON, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South, and BISHOP AI'tKJtN of the same Church have sailed for Europe to visit France and Belgium to study the fields in connection with the Methodist Centenary Campaign, and to discover opportunities for Protestant mission work REV. S. R. VINTON, head of the Lantern Slide Department of the Methodist Episcopal Board of' Foreign Missions, has returned from his tour of the Orient with a new collection of photographs to be used as a basis for stereopticon missionary lectures.

DR. E. W. KELLY has been awarded the Kaiser-i-hind 'gold medal by the British Government in recognition of his service as President of Rangoon Baptist College.

REV. MAITLAND ALEXANDI!R, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, has been appointed Religious Work Director of the United States Army of Occupation, with headquarters at Coblenz on the Rhine. He sailed for France November first.

C. T. WANG, President' of the Chinese Senate, is to be a delegate to the Inter- Allied Peace Conference. Mr. Wang has recently sailed from America for France.

PRltSIDEN't HJtNRY CHURCHILL KING of Oberlin College, Ohio, who went to France last July to study and report on religious conditions in both France and Great Britain, has been made director of the religious activities of the Y. M. C. A.

abroad with headquarters in Paris.

DR. B. M. TIPPLE, executive secretary for the foreign department of the Methodist Centenary, has gone to Europe to devote two months to the Centenary plans fur France and Italy.

MR. CHANG PO-LING, who has been making an investigation of the educational methods of the United States, has returned to China. Mr, Chang is the founder and principal of Nankai Christian School at Tientsin, one of China's most progres- sive institutions.

MRS. RUSSELL SAGWS residuary estate of $40,000,000 was divided among thirty-six public institutions, charitable, educational, missionary and religious. Considerable bequests were made to the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions.

FATHER NICHOLAS VELIMIROVICH, D. D., is visiting the United States for the purpose of explaining to America the hopes and aspirations of the Serbian Church, and the contribution it may make toward the union of Christendom.

Ex-GoVERNOR JOHN G. BRADY of Alaska, who died at Sitka, Alaska, on December 17, was once a New York City waif. In 1859 he was sent west by the Children's Aid Society and found a home with a Tipton, Indiana, lawyer. In 1870 he entered Yale, and Union Seminary in 1874, after which he went to Alaska as a missionary. He was appointed governor by President McKinley in 1897 and served three terms.

DR. EDWARD P. COWAN, for thirty-five years a member of the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen, serving as Corresponding Secretary for twentyfive years of this period, died in Philadelphia on December 15.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1919

ANNIVERSARY DEMO NS T RATION OF CONVERTS IN I NDTIA dem-

THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON. Ediwr.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-AN ANNIVF,RSARY DEMONSTRATION OF CONVERTS IN INDIA SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . .. . . . . . . .

Tm; OI,n YE:,AR AND THE NF,W THE UNION or> THE LUTHERANS THE RIlADJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY EDITORIALS . . . . . 7 AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD RECRUITING SOI,DIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE RE['IEF FOR PALF.STINIl AND SYRIA A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVJl SHALL WE ACCUMULATE OR DlSTRIBUTE. . . . By A. A. Hym; II Some practical thoughts and e:rperiences on tlie use of money.

AT THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW YEAR. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A series of up-to-riate nvie'lf.'s of the past J'ear. and views of the prospect for the coming year, in different mission fields of the world. THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN. . . . . . By REv. JAMES H. PETTEE 13 CHINA AT THE CROSS ROADS. . . . By REV. LouIs HoDOus, B. D. 16 THE OPENING oJ' TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY. Bv REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD 18 INDIA'S NATIONAL ANll CHRISTIAN PROGRESS.' By BISHOP F. W. WARNE 21 THE PERrr. OF PERSIA. . . . . . . . By REV. F. G. COAN, D. D. 23 AM!lRICA'S INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA By REV. E. B. HASKELL, D. D. 25 THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA By REV. JAMES DEXTER TAY['OR, D. D. 36 A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN MISSIONS . . By REV. S. G. INMAN 36 THE NEEDS OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. • By FRI(D H. RrNDGE, JR., M. A. 41 A stud~ of the need for constructive Christian and social work alMng the industnal forces of America, together·with a statement of the plans of the Y. M. C. A. to meet the present need. Illustrated with photographs.

SOME IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARIES FOR THE YEAR 1919 . 47 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 49 Back to the Bible.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD 57 A NEW DAY IN CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION . . By MARY CLARK BARNES THE TUSCALOOSA CONFERgNCE; . By EI,rZABETH PRESTON AI,LEN NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 61 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 76 Facts Worth Quoting xvi Missionary Personals .. xii TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in cluhs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. r eCsoeprvyeridg.hteAdp, pl1ic9a1t9I1OnbypeMndiisnsgionf ary e Review Publishing Company, In~. All rights or ntry as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Manuscript and Photographs are welcomed by the Editors.

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ROBERT E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President W A[,TER McDoUGA[,[" Treasurer .. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT ..

PLANS FOR THE COMING YEAR THE REVIEW IN THE CAMPS The REvIliW is making plans to keep Letters from Y.M.C. A. insecthreetavvriaaerrs~-, pace with the large after-the-war enter- chaplains and others located prises in religion, business and international policies. Our readers will be kept ious army and navy camps in the United informed as to the new conditions in all lands and the "New Era" programs. States, express hearty appreciation of There is not only the "League of Nations" in the making, but the "League of the REVIEW as an aid in their religious and Churches,' a league for the winning of the world to Christ through a more ade- ~ducatiooal work. In some of the camps quate devotion of men and money. the REVIEW has been nsed as a mission In the home field articles will deal with the "Churches and the Home-Com- study text book Through the generosity ing Soldiers"; "Christian Work among Industrial Classes'; on "Ch6stian Amalga- of one of the members of the Board of mation of Foreigners" and "A United Program for Home- Missions." Directors copies are being sent to seme FrOll1l the administrative side there are seventy Y. M. C. A. huts. Many other reto be articles on "The New Era Movements"; "The Outlook for the United quests have come foarnstwheerReedVIEffaWavv,o~rrbaaubbtllyytheosne Lutheran Church of America," "The Na- could not al1 be tional Prohibition Movement" and "A United Drive of all the Protestant Forces account of the lack of funds. A request of North America." has recently corne for twenty copies for One number of the REVIEW will be devoteld to a world-wide snrvey of The various huts in one camp. This is especial- Temperance Movement. This will include articles on the relation of intemper- ly important in view of the educational ance and the use of habit-forming drugs to the social evil, to poverty, to education, program to be carried out during the days to business and to evangelism. There will be articles on the progress of temperance in of demobilization. The cooperation 0 f Africa, in India, in China, in Japan, in Latin America and in Europe. Already friends in supplying these <:copies of the 5,000 extra copies of this number have been ordered by one organization for wide REVIEW will be most welcome. , iJfty- distribution. dollar Liberty Bond will send copies for Another number of the REVIEW is to be six months to fifty huts where hundreds of devoted to world-wide religious education. This will be a Sunday-school and men will catch the missionary vi~ion. Bible study number, showing the progress of Sunday-school work at home and WHERE TO BUY THE REVIEW abroad and its relation to general education, to the development of leaders and to Readers of the REVIEW are so widely the missionary movement. These articles scattered that copies mailed from this ofwill be especially appropriate in view of the fice in response to requests for c~rtain proposed World Sunday School Conven- numbers are often delayed in transportation at Tokyo, Japan, in 1920. tion. We have therefore arranged with agencies at various centers to keep a limited At the same time, the REVIEW will keep stock on hand and would therefore call pace with the progress of Christianity in the attention of our readers to the list all the mission fields of the world, and the of these agencies printed on the inside of work of all the Protestant missional the froot cover. These agencies will also Boards and societies at home and abroad. accept subscriptions, take orders for back numbers and bound volumes, and in other ways wil1 be ready to serve our patrons and friends.

WHAT YOU NEED-AND WHAT YOU WANT Not all of the advertisements offered to the REVIEW are ~eId. It is our aim to offer only such tI6oks, ~se and opportunities as we believe will be ac- ceptable and helpful to our readers. n will be wo,rth while to take note of these advertisements in order that your needs may be supplied by reliable firms. The REvIF.W is a safer medium than are many secula~ magazines. Wilson and Foch say For my sermons, I use "A man has deprived himself of the best the large, bold type. theret's in the world who has deprivedhim- Then by "Just turning – – – – – – – – selfoj intimate knowlthe knob" t.r"e ().c'1ri.f,>t t",jae s ,."",0. ~c" " edgeoftheBible. " -Pres. Wilson. ~,.~"'t" cc"""S~c~o."~ce. ~y Sunday School notiees. ~'The Bible is certain- ly t he best preParUon that you can give to an American soldier goin!! into battle to sustain his magnijicentideai andfaith.~'

-Marshal Foch.

Answer tbis "Call to the Colors"

Be a Trained These two great 1eaders voice a direct appeal to intelligent men Christian W orker ~~e~~/::~-~~~d::t!~a~i1~!: industrial and home workers, farmers, mechanics, soldiers -~as well as to ministers, missionaries, evangelists, etc. Never was there such a great demand for those who rea[{y know the Bible-now and after the wafr. There is personal profit beyond anything you can imagine in careful, systematic Bible Reading and Study. Get read,.! Start at once! The Correspondence Courses of the MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTEwillgiveyoua system to study by–aa guide, a teacher. You will be a pPeerrssonallpuuppii!l -time., place and amount of study under your cor:trol. Ex- aminations are written,. assuring accuracy in your work.

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THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 809 North LaSalle Street Chleagc, Please mention THg MMISSIONARY Rltvntw OJ! r-HJC W WOolUn,DD in writing to advertisers Assured Income and Gift The Income is yours, The Gift is from you to the work of Foreign Missions How? By an agreement with the Board of Foreign Missions, a Corporation with eighty-one years of successful history, you place a principal sum with the Board.

THE BOARD (1) Invests the Money, (2) Gives You Its Guarantee That interest, as agreed upon, will be paid to you January 1 and July 1, during your life.

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A MAP OF THE CONTENTS , J: . 0 oUJt VIEW OF THE WOIU.D tao India's Na~onal and Christian Progress Z~"L"'NQ IN THIS NUMBER .

JLU)INCi ARTfQ.ES AND-EDITOIUALS AU lNOJCA.1'ED BY TlTLU mE NUMBER OF rtEW8 I1'EMJ ON EACH a>UNTRY II INDICATED In' AIABIC NUMERALS These two thousand boys and girls of th e Evangelical Lutheran Mission College at Guntumr, India,, in a living onstration of the growth of the M iss ion in the past seventy-ffive years (a phDottooggraph sen t by Rev. G. A. Rupley ).

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JANUARY, 1919 NliMBEB XLII On ® ® SIGNS OF 'I'Hl8 TIMES 'ViriJ"""'~' ~ " ; "btiii' OW , 004J" "ihhi iriASC.

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r-A THE OLD YEAR AND THE NEW NNO J?on;tini, 1919, promises to ~a:k a new era in. t~e world, next III Importance to the begmmng of the ChristIan Era; the birth of the Protestant Reformation and the dawn of modern world missions. With the passing of the old year and the ,coming of the new it seems as though in a marked degree old things are passing away, all things are becoming new. The war has revolutionized many lives and many ideals; some are ruined beyond repair but others are remade on a nobler scale. Much has been destroyed that can never be replaced, but the way has been " cleared for the reconstruction of other and, in most cases, better things. It is worth while at the threshold of this new year to note some of the transformations that may result from the world upheaval, if men only have ,eyes to see and wills to respond to the leading of God.

The old narrow provincialism is gone. Men and women who "did not believe in Foreign Missions" have been obliged, in the light of overseas national service, to acknowledge that there is no just distincttion between 'home' and 'foreign.' " Men and women who never expected to serve outside their own land have gone to England, France, Italy, Russia, Greece, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Africa-wherever they were sent. It is a question not of convenience or propinquity but of need. The same influence has worked on Indians, Africans, Chinese, Japanese and Arabs. Those who had never been away from home have become world travelers with a world vision. What will they do with their new world consciousnesar The old divisions of nations, races and churches have been 1

forcibly amalgamated in the melting pot of the battlefield. Men of many nationalities have been brought under one command, industries have been united under one head and men of different faiths have worked for one end. The program for church unity has been forwarded. In America three great Lutheran bodies have united and other plans for union are under consideration. Interchurch conferences are being held which may result in great National Churches in China and India and in international organizations containing peoples of all colors and lands.

Formalism in religion has been vitalized in the face of death. Men have come to recognize the difference between human regulations and divine laws, between the dress parade of religion and the vital fights of faith. Churches must show life-divine lifeif they are to hold men who have come to realize the uselessness of the body without the spirit.

Ideals have been revolutionized. Not only has autocracy been condemned in the international court, and aristocracy been brought low by the universal draft and training camp, but men have been forced or inspired to change their conceptions of service and of giving. Those who lived lives of self-indulgence have become heroic in self-sacrifice and service to others. Men have given up fortunes to devote themselves to a cause. Many who spent all they could earn upon themselves and their families have learned the joys of stewardship of time and talents and money. It will be a disgrace to the Church if these new ideals are not turned to account in the Kingdom of God.

Men's programs have been remade. The million dollar gifts to Red Cross and other War funds have inaugurated a new era in benevolent enterprises. The narrow bounds of home and city and native land, and the limitations due to petty financeering, have given place to great conceptions of the world task which demand large vision and hitherto unheard of expenditures. Towns and cities have become so accustomed to exceeding their apportionment that churches now become impatient at being assigned tasks too small. Men seek for something large and inspiring. Already nost of the large denominations have adopted "N·ew Era Movements" to enlarge their activities and increase their expenditures many fold. Where men thought in districts they now think in continents, where they planned for today and tomorrow they now organize a campaign to cover two generations. Africa is studied liS a continent to be won for Christ. The evangelization of the whole of Latin America is undertaken with new zeal, and campaigns in India, China and the Moslem world are planned out by united conferences of Christian leaders.

New problems are presented for after-the-war solution. In the homeland the migrating Negro presents new difficulties; the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

foreigner in America must be educated in Christian ideals or he will be a menace; the industrial workers must be regenerated, the liquor traffic must be outlawed and social purity must be safeguarded. Then there are the moral problems of profanity, and vulgarity, of Sabbath observance and unwholesome amusementsall of which must be seriously attacked. There are also the problems of reconstruction in France and Belgium, in Russia and Germany, in Serbia and Armenia. There is the whole problem of evangelizing the Moslem World, and of vitalizing the Roman, Greek and Oriental churches, as well as the problems peculiar to the pagan and ethnic religions.

New open doors are characteristic of the new day. The Hermit nation, Tibet, has been opened-at least the door is ajar. Russia will probably offer almost unlimited opportunity as soon as order is in a measure restored. Moslem lands, that only tolerated Christians from necessity, promise a rich harvest field; Arabia is open; Abyssinia is awakening; and the Jews, who have been persecuted and embittered, are now looking forward to a new national history. All of this is in line with the fulfillment of divine prophecy. The great question is-is the Church of Christ regenerated sufficiently to undertake these new tasks in the light of new conditions? Are the new leaders available and Christians ready to cooperate? The task can be accomplished, not by human skill and wisdom, but only by the power of the Spirit of God.

THE UNION OF THE LUTHERANS O NE of the outstanding events of the past year is the merger by which three bodies of Lutherans in the United States with a million communicants combined in one organized "United Lutheran Church in America." The bodies which merged into one on November 14th last are the General Synod, with 1,800 churches and 370,000 members; the United Synod South, with 492 churches and 57,000 members and the General Council, with about 389 churches and 535,000 members. They have joined their home and foreign mission organizations, their colleges, seminaries, publica- :f~on'houses, papers land benevolent institntions. The property value of the "United Church" is estimated at over $53,000,000. An- nual expenditures for benevolences, including missions, is about $1,500,000; and for running expenses at home, about $7,000,000. It is expected that the consolidation will effect considerable saving in cost of operation, and will release a number of workers to engage in other activities. .

The foreign missionary activities of the three organizations in- clude India, Japan, Western Africa, British Guiana and Porto Rico.

The expenditures last year amounted to $250,000, which supports

130 missionaries with 1,780 native workers, and reports 89,000 communicants on the mission fields abroad.

The home mission work of these Lutheran churches is conducted under the name of "The Inner Mission," which includes evangelism, city missions and various forms of church extension work. The hOlne mission operations have not been organized in the same way as those of other Protestant churches in North Amer- lCa.

There are fifteen other Lutheran bodies in the United States that are not included in this merger, and it is estimated that there are in North America no less that 8,000,000 baptized members of the Lutheran Church of whom only 5,000,000 are affiliated with the church organizations in this country. During the war, a fund of $1,300,000 was collected and administered for the benefit of men in uniform, of whom there were over 200,000 American Lutherans in the service.

If this United Church can be aroused to the full limit of her possibilities, the gifts to missionary work may be increased many fold, and will enable the Church to enter some of the great, unoccupied fields of the world. The Lutherans in America have not thus far accepted their full responsibilities in this world-wide work. There are fields waiting for their messengers of the Gospel. Central Asia, the interior of South America and the Sudan are inviting fields to enlist the interest and the talents of this powerful organization. It may also be possible and wise to turn over to the American Lutherans many of the missionary fields in the former German colonies, and in the territories under the control of the Allied nations.

THE READJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY A GREAT change is taking place in the political geography of Turkey as a result of the War. Arabia is already completely separated from the Turk; and that means that the latter has lost his guardianship of the Moslem shrines of Mecca and Medina. This alone makes a tremendous difference in Turkish influence. Furthermore, all but one of the other important Moslem centers are lost- Baghdad, _Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, are gone. Constantinople alone remains at present; and it looks very much as if the Peace Conference will not leave that great city under Moslem domination. In other words, the political power of the Turk-which for the past century has been the greatest obstacle to the progress of Christ's Kingdom in that region-is gone, and gone forever.

It is not possible to overestimate the importance of this fact in its bearing on the missionary outlook. Access to the Moslem populations of the country is now assured without governmental terrorism.

And the scornful spirit of superiority, that has kept the Turk from willingness to listen to any other religion, is sadly broken. God can make a broken spirit contrite, and then real spiritual results may follow. The prospect for Christian work among the Turks is the most wonderful outcome of this titanic struggle in the Near East. And its possible reverberations in the distant parts of the Moslem world are thrilling to contemplate. When Christ gets a real hold on the people, who for centuries have been looked upon by their fellow-Moslems as their political representatives and defenders, other Moslem races are certain to hear of it and wonder.

In other respects the present outlook is upon a waste and desolation. The ravages, not so much of war as of the most iniquitous regime that ever deliberately ruined its own country, have spread· death and destruction, pillage and arson, plague and business stagnation, distrust and disorder all over the country. Communities have been uprooted and scattered to the winds; whole regions have been left without inhabitant, family life and personal honor has been utterly disregarded. For four years fields have been left untilled, crops unharvested, shops locked up or pi1laged, churches and schools closed and their constituencies deported or slain. All classes of the people have suffered, and are now so dazed as hardly to know where to turn or how to begin life over again. From many sections of the land no details have yet reached us; but what we hear indicates conditions pitiful and almost hopeless.

But there are bright spots. Through all the dark night, some seventy of one hundred American workers have been able to keep at their posts, witnesses for Christ, not counting their lives dear, but willingly giving their utmost energies to keep the people from blank despair and death. Here is a solid foundation on which to bf'gin a new effort; for these heroes and heroines haV'e earned the gratitude and devotion of multitudes. Another great asset for the future is the martyr testimony of thousands to the keeping power of God, even in death. Their silenced voices still speak, and even their murderers will hear the appeal. Not Armenians alone, but Syrians, Greeks, Nestorians and other followers of the Master have planted the seed in the bloody ground, and God will grant the harvest.

These Christian races are not all gone. Accurate figures are still impossible; but probably of the 700,000 Greeks deported since 1915, at least half are still alive, while two millions more have never been deported. Of the conditions in Mount Lebanon we yet know very little; but it is likely that nearly a million Syrians have survived and are the nucleus of a new nation. As to the Armenians, there were before the war about 1,750,000 in the Ottoman Empire. Over a million of these have probably died; but it seems likely that about 700,000 have survived and may now be gathered into the beginning of an autonomous province. Of these, over 300,000 fled into Russia;

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100,000 have remained in Constantinople; 50,000 more in the Smyrna'

region; while the others are scattered all over Asia Minor, Mesopo- tamia, Syria, and into Persia and Egypt.

With these remnants to build on, we can rest assured that the native Christian churches will revive, and that there will be many who have been tried as by fire and so purified as to be fit for the Master's use. One encouraging fact is the natural resiliencey of these races. They have been through terrible experiences before, and though they have lost thousands and hundreds of thousands of their numbers, they have again risen to self-support and business success. Give them half a chance now, and they will again rise.

Provided conditions approaching the normal are now given them, ,the bulk of these unfortunates should within ten months or one year be self-supprting. Their indebtedness to the Protestant mis- sionaries and to Christian America will make them unusually re- ceptive to the missionary influence and teaching.

One of the most interesting items in the outlook are the 400,000 or more orphan children, left for us to care for and educate. What a responsibility! A missionary unusually well-informed and gener- ally accurate in his estimates believes that the 400,000 will include only those who have lost both parents, 'and that there are very many more whose fathers are dead, and in most cases the mothers are not able to support them. It will be a big and blessed task to provide orphanages and training schools for these little ones, where they may be quickly trained to self-support and to noble living, and from which we may expect to secure a goodly number of Christian leaders for the future, in church and school and business life and home.

Reconstruction is the great work of the immediate future. Al- ready one expedition has entered Syria and Palestine and begun.

Early in January a much larger party expects to sail for Constanti- nople, thence to scatter all over the desolate regions of Asia Minor, and bring new life and hope to all races, irrespective of language or religion. Industry must be re-established, family life begun anew, ~a:nitation on a large scale pushed, schools started, religious privi- leges furnished, and in every way the spirit of Christ shown to all in its most practical forms.

The year 1919 marks the centenary of the beginnings of mis- sionary work in Turkey. Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons sailed for Turkey in 1819. The second century of work there thus begins under most marvelous auspices; and missionaries, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. workers, educators, physicians and philanthropic leaders all look for wonderful results under the blessing of the Spirit of God.

OHARLES T. RIGGS.

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AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD WHILE the passing of the old order and the coming of the new has many signs of promise, there is danger lest many good things of the past be given up and that others less substantial be substituted. Good foundations must not be despised because of new architectural ideas, and no amount of mechanical power and ingenuity can take the place of life. There are some old things for which there can never be a satisfactory substituteamong them are: Faith in God. Is there not dan.ger lest the modern human achievements in science and the modern ideals of democracy shall cause men to become self-confident and to lose sight of God 7 The Gospel of Christ. The" good news" is not too old to be true and yet many are today preaching "another gospel" of salvation by social uplift, by modern education and by material improvement.

Adherence to truth. Nothing can take the place of steadfastness -of fidelity in character. With the progress toward unity and the desire for cooperation there is danger lest standards be lowered and Christians compromise with those who deny Jesus Christ as the only Lord and Saviour. Will the gain ever compensate for the loss if Christians fail to stand firmly for the deity of Christ and the necessity for His atonement 1 Christian Heroism. The glory of the Church has been her martyrs and her heroic missionaries who counted not their lives dear unto themselves. Many of the heroes are still living, but with the enlargement of the Christian program, the expenditure of large sums of money and the introduction of many secular branches of activity, there is great danger lest Christian workers become professional, serving at the call of men rather than at the call of God. It is a danger that besets many churches, missions and the Young Men's and Young 'iNomen's Christian Associations, where the work j uo often becomes institutionalized.

Life From God. The "New Birth" is unfortunately not a popular doctrine today, ·but the words of Jesus. Christ to Nicodemus have never been abrogated. There is danger lest reformation take the place of regeneration, lest the enlightenment of the mind be thought to make unnecessary the new life through the Spirit.

Unity of Spirit. Another danger is that in the endeavor to promote cooperation and outward union, the true unity, which is only possible through Christ, shall be overlooked. In Christ, Germans and British, Southerners and Negroes, Japanese and Chinese, 7

,rich and poor, educated and unlettered, aristocrat and proletariat ,may be one. The fatal mistake of capitalists and, laborers, of {lutocrats and democrats, of Bolshevists and bourgeoise, is that they do not recognize the only true basis of agreement and of brotherhood.

Eternal things. The final danger that besets the world today is that in the development of material things we lose sight of the spiritual; in the development of the temporal we overlook the eternal and in the acceptance of responsibility for the earthly, we do not provide for the heavenly. Spiritual life, spiritual death, spiritual enemies, spiritual wealth, spiritual forces are vastly more important than the physical; and the former abide while the latter pass away.

RECRUITING SOLDIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE M EN and women who have been in unselfish service overseas or who have had a large and heroic part in the great war . have had their ideas and ideals revolutionized. They will not soon be willing to return to devote all their energies to 'petty tasks and unnecessary routine in the office, the shop, the classrobm and the local church. These men and women are returning rapidly to civil life. The question is: how will their energies be directed; how will their larger ideals find expressionT This problem has been foreseen and preparations have been made to meet it by the War-time Commission of the Churches which has appointed a committee on "Recruiting and Training for the Work of the Ohurches at Home and Abroad." Rev. Frank W. Padelford, executive secretary of this committee, writes that plans have been made to present to the men returning from the trenches and from various phases of war work the claims of Christian service. Surely there could be no more stirring appeal to heroism and selfsacrifice than that presented by missionary work in hard fields. There is here the "moral equivalent of war," and a great world campaign that is inspiring enough to appeal to the most noble and energetic spirit. There is also in this field unlimited opportunity for leadership and for pioneer work.

The men are to be approached through the chaplains, the religious work directors of the Y. M. C. A., the pastors of the different churches near the camps, and others who are in intimate touch with the men. It is also our intention to send into the camps some of the leading ministers, home and foreign missionaries, and others, to present the claims of Christian service. Literature and posters are being prepared, and will be distributed generously.

It is believed by those who are most intimately acquainted with the situations in the camps that many men can be found who will respond to this appeal. It has already been tried out among ~

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the English troops and in some of our southern camps. A sur- prising response has been secured.

The Church now has an opportunity to secure the men who are so sorely needed to recoup its depleted ministry at home and abroad.

Large numbers are needed both in America and in the non-Chris- tian world. The committees are, however, not so much anxious about quantity as about quality. They hope to enroll the best and ablest men who can be found. Only the best men can adequately meet the new situation. .

The churches and pastors must be on the lookout for the men as they return quietly to their homes. Very much depends upon the home churches and the way they receive the men. Their re- turn can be made simply a social jollification, or it can be made a great religious welcome. The committees of the War-Time Com- mission and of the Young Men's Christian Association therefore appeal to the pastors of our American churches to take advantage of the hour and seek to direct the thought of their young men to the call of the Kingdom. Many are only waiting for the right leader- ship to direct that solemn dedication, which they made of their lives to the cause of Liberty, to a new dedication to the service of Jesus Christ. ,.

RELIEF FOR PALESTINE AND SYRIA A FITTING token of Christian gratitude for the deliverance of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the hand of the Turk is the movement to raise in America the sum of thirty million dollars for the relief of the Armenians and Syrians who have suffered such agonies in the past four years. It is a year of new deliverance that has brought joy like that proclaimed at the birth of our Lord in Bethlehem of Judea nineteen centuries ago. Americans can make no nobler thank-offering for the ending of the war and all its waste and sacrifice than to save the remnants of these ancient Christian peoples of Armenia and Syria, and re-establish them in a ro-constructed land.

Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, who has been actively engaged in war relief work in Palestine, gives graphic pictures in his reports of the distress that has been relieved as General Allenby and the British forces advanced. Justice has been established in place of terrorism. Hundreds of tons of rice and other food was distributed to the people who had been pillaged. Garments have been made by the refugees to clothe the naked ones who had been robbed by the Turkish and German soldiers. Over 60,000 people were fed in Jerusalem last winter and ten thousand in Bethlehem. The Turks had used the largest buildings in Jerusalem as barracks and hospitals, and they *Literature relating to this matter may be secured by addressing Rev. Frank W. Padelford, Room 662, Fifth Avenue Building, New York.

were indescribably filthy. These had to be cleaned and made habitable for orphanages and hospitals. Industries have been organized which have saved the people without pauperizing them. These industries include garment making, weaving, shoe factories and repair shops. The people were found so famished that they searched the dirt and offal of the street in quest of grains of barley. What they found was greedily devoured "lithout cleansing. The condition of young girls was pitiable and the helpless little children would appeal to the hardest heart.

The money received from America has been most economically and effectively expended, and has been the means of winning the hearts of the sufferers as well as of saving their lives. The future of Palestine, Syria and Armenia will be largely determined by what is done there in the next twelve months. There are now in Jerusalem alone seven hundred orphan children and two hundred and forty in Jaffa. These form a precious educational trust, says Mr. Trowbridge. Great Britian has freed Palestine. It remains for America to relieve the refugees, to carry on industrial reconstruction and education.

A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVE At a meeting of representatives of the Home and Foreign Mis- 8ionary Organizations of the United States, held in New York City 011 December 17th, a plan was set forth to conduct a united campaign to finance all allied Protestant home and foreign mission enterprises in one united drive. The comparative ease with which over $200,000,000 was raised in ten days for war-work, and the immensely greater need of world-wide evangelism and Christian Education has produced the convictions that a united appeal on a larger scale will bring a more adequate response.

It is proposed that, after at least a year of the study of the needs of the different fields in America and over seas, these definite needs of all the Protestant missionary agencies shall be collated and estimates made of the funds required. The united drive may mean the gathering of money and pledges amounting to between $100,000,000 and $300,000,000 for one year. Such a program would necessarily be preceeded by such a survey of occupied and unoccupied fields that the neglected areas may be cared for and overlapping may be corrected. The results of a united military campaign in Europe and Asia have brought out the reasonableness of a united missionary campaign to win the world to Jesus Christ. There are dangers in such a huge undertaking, but the very largeness and idealism of the plan has appealing power.

As a result of the conference a representative committee of fifteen was appointed, with Dr. S. Earle Taylor as chairman, to formulate a definite plan to be presented for consideration at the January meetings of the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council.

We Accumulate or

BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company O N various occasions, after talking quite radically from such texts as "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth," etc., or Christ's great fundamental assertion-"Ye cannot serve God and Mammon," and advocating from experience literal obedience to these teachings, we have had many hearers say- "Those sentiments are miue. I believe in them thoroughly. "W1len questioned, however, as to their individualintentions and actions, an evasive reply will be given or a denial of applicability in their particular case. It is most always the other fellow with us to whom such commands seem to apply. Sherwood Eddy told us of talking with a millionaire once over his financial responsibilities to the Kingdom of God until the man was really in agony. Finally this Dives turned to his son and said-" John, commence giving away money. I have reached the point where I can't."

We sincerely believe that it is not vision which people want, but consecration; not light, but love; not knowledge, but power. If this is so, doubtless Christ's command to His disciples to tarry until they be endued with power from on High, is still applicable to the Church, but how this command can be made modern and practieal is another question and much harder to answer.

.Christ taught quite as much by example as by word, and today most of us are more thoroughly convinced by illustration than by argument. In the minds of thinking men, the Christian Church stands p'erhaps in the most responsible position today which it has ever occupied. Religion is arraigned at the bar in every nation, and being most severely questioned and judged. . As sincere believers in Christ and His teachings, it is the opportunity of the ages to impress Christ's life now upon the overturning nations, but rrien are certainly looking for deeds and life; not creeds and dogma. Lines of race, color and class are getting very dim, as is so finely expressed in Robert Freeman's verses, "That They All May Be One" which we quote herewith from" Association Men"- "I used to think him heathen, Just because-well, don't you see, He didn't speak 'God's English,' And he didn't look like me; He had a burnt complexion Which is heathen, goodness knows; He ate a heathen's rations, And he Wl)f1e a heathen's clothes.

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But there's a s'prising skinful In that bloke from far away; He fights like any Christian, And I've caught the beggar pray; He's kind to little kiddies, And there's written in his eyes The willingness to render All a Christian's sacrifice.

Yes, you'd knO'W him fur a heathen If you judged him by the hide; But, bless you, he's my brother, For he's just like me inside."

In this war we have sacrificed everything in the way of blood and material treasure because we believe that certain principles of democracy should prevail in the temporal governments of this world. The Ohristian Ohurch is supposed to believe that as far as eternity exceeds time, so far existence in the Kingdom of Heaven exceeds temporal life. So believing, such a question as our subject seems almost axiomatic, and its wrong answer entails eternal condemnation. Shall we accumulate the wealth of the world and lose the souls of the world, as well as our own ~ Surely no one who has a right vision of the life, death and teachings of Ohrist can answer in favor of accumulation. Noone who has studied the unmeasurable relief from human suffering, which men and money have accomplished in this war, can justify themselves hereafter in f&iling to distribute. In addition, no one who has experienced the depth and lasting joy of gi"ving beyond the shallow temporal joy of receiving, will here,after hoard wealth to shrivel his own soul and handicap his children. Perhaps these last three assertions point the way to the solution of the other and greater question of how to get the consecration, the love, the strength necessary that we may lay our liv~s and means on God's altar, as we are doing on the altar of our country. Practically, what has made us willing to give our sons and daughters and two-thirds or more of our income for country and principle? Does not Paul give the answer-"BuT NOW ABIDETH FAITH, HOPE, LOVE,-THESE THREE, AND THE GREATEST OF THESE IS LOVE."

How Much Owest Thou?

How much owest thou, 0 Christian, of thy time, to the Lord? How much owest thou of' thy Strength? How much owest thou of thy opportunities? How much owest thou of thy intellect? How much owest thou of thy place in the world? How much owest thou of thy income, to the Lord?

What shall we render unto the Lord for all His benefits? Shall we not say; Lord, take me, use all I have, for Thy good purposes.

A TYPE OF THINGS THAT ARE PASSING AWAY IN

Some Japanese idols to which bereaved mothers pray The Outlook In Japan-1918 and 1919 BY THE REV. JAMES H. PETTEE, D. D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionary of the American Board of Commi ssioners for Foreign Missions J APAN finished herr main fighting early in the war when she captured Tsingtau from the Germans, cleared the Eastern seas of enemy war vessels, and came to a good und erstanding. with Russia. The war, however, continued in the background of all herr thought and activity, and she mobilized her industries in place of her armies to aid the Allies. :]11fo:orre recently the army under General Otani, a leader selected with great car e, has penetrated Siberia in conjunction with the soldiers of America, France and Great Britain.

The year 1918 witnessed a ttrraannl~'lforrmmaattiion that reveals once more the real Bushido spirit of ,Japan and that opens up an opportunity for the nation to swing into line with her allies in the higher things of life.

It is also significant that a bureaucr atic and reactionary cabinet has given place to one led by a commoner, plain :]11f:rr. Hara, who himself is a man of progressive spirit and, moreover, is the head of a powerful political party that is pledged to .secure constitutional reforms and to keep step with the great democratic movements of the age.

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Japanese as well as foreigners resident in the country inter- ested themselves in all war enterprises. Money flowed freely for any charity or loan connected with the great contest, imitation tanks rolled through the streets of Tokyo, Yokohama and Kobe, war songs were heard on all occasions, war films or dramas were in demand, Union church, Tokyo, released its popular pastor, Dr. Doremus Scudder, for Red Cross service, various missions sent one or more of their members to Siberia under the Y. M. C. A. to care for the refugees and there has been a constant succession of commissions between the far east and the fighting fronts.

The United States Ambassador Moms well said in his address last April on the occasion of the departure of the Japanese deputa- tion to the armies in ]~urope, "I cannot help feeling that the Japan- ese Y. M. C. A. deputation to the European front is almost as signifi- cant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa govern- ment over fifty years ago. By that mission Japan 'signified her in- tention to end her isolation and join thel Western peoples in their forward march. Today I believe this deputation means that you are resolved to take your place alongside the men of the Volest in stand- ing for brotherhood and fair play, international law and righteous- ness." , Aside from European battlefields, America has once- more be- come. the great Mecca of Japanese pilgrims, official or citizen, scho- lastic or commercial, a:nxious to learn how best to meet and solve the problems of readaptation and regeneration "When the terrors and tumults of war shall cease And life be re-fashioned on the anvils of peace."

Among these inter-racial commissioners of peace and good will to and from Japan last year, special mention may be made of 83 year-old William Hardy who was a sailor lad in Commodore P·erry's expedition back in 1854. He, a common sailor, was given the privi- lege of shaking hands with the members of the Royal Family, in- cluding H. 1. M. the Emperor, and he spoke with Methodistic fervor in the schools and offices, temples and churches to thousands of inter- ested listeners his timely message of temperance and clean living, and wrote in hundreds of albums his autograph, together with the all-comprehensive words, "God is Love." It was missionary work on a large scale.

RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES IN JAPAN Let it not be thought that normal Christian work has been entirely side-tracked by the war. One week before the close of 1917 there was issued from the press the Japanese Revised New Testament, which has had wide distribution during the year. It was the joint work of two British and two American missionaries, asso9iated

THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN

with four Japanese co-laborers, and marks a great advance over the earlier translation, especially in point of being understood.

Another great achievement of the year was the formal opening, on April 30, of the Tokyo Woman's Christian College, with Dr. Nitobe as president and Miss Yasui as dean. This is a union enterprise of six Protestant Mission Boards in which the eighty-four entering students came from seventeen mission schools. One of the eighty-four admitted was a blind girL Mrs. (Mitsui) Hirooka has recently announced her decision to give Yen 200,000 to found in Osaka an undenominational school for Christian workers with especial reference to preparing them for social service. Prof. Hino, ex-dean of Doshisha Theological Seminary, Kyoto, and Rev. T. Makino of the same city, who is vice-president of the Japan C. E. Union and has been touring America since last spring, are to be head of the institution.

Rev. Paul M. Kanamori, Japan's leading evangelist, has continued through the year his marvellous work of preaching in city after city his one great sermon on the fundamentals of Christianity. It is a two-hours' discourse and never fails to register hundreds of decisions for Christ and His service.

A marked tendency of the year's Christian movement has been to bring the foreign and .Japanese workers into closer co-operation. This was greatly aided by the deputation of the American Board that spent three months in Japan and Chosen, and by the Baptists who have also taken an advance step in this matter.

JAPAN IN A FERMENT All Japan is in a ferment, religious and social as well as political and economic. New cults, like the Tai-rei-do (Great Spirit Way) for self-discipline, and programs for social service like Baron Shibusawa's are ardently advocated. But when it comes to reliable leadership and real reforming power, it is the Jesus way and Christians of experience that are needed and called for.

Dr. and Mrs. George P. Pierson, who have been touring from Hokkaido to Kyushu, testify that the country is wide open to an earnest presentation of Gospel truths and claims. Such institutions as the Crittenden Rescue Home for Women; Mr. Hara's and Mr. Mura.matsu's Homes for Ex-convicts in Tokyo and Kobe; Okayama and other Christian Orphanages are taxed to their capacity; mission schools are full and the churches are aroused. The outlook for 1919 is one of tremendous responsibility and cheering hopefulness.

at the Cross

A Review of the Year 1918 and the Outlook for 1919.

BY THE REV. LEWIS HODOUS, B. D.

T HE outstanding feature in China last year was the Civil War between the North and the South. At Canton a government headed by the disbanded Parliament was functioning, while at Peking the President and his Cabinet, and later. the newly elected Parliament, were directing affairs. The contending armies were marching and counter-marching in Hunan, Fukien and Szechwan, while the people were being pillaged by the soldiers. Large sections of China were overrun by armed bandits. In Shantung, adjacent to the territory taken over by Japan from Germany, it is estimated that 30,000 organized and armed robbers were terrorizing the people. This civil strife was carried on nominally between the conservative republicans of the North and the radical republicans of the South. Really it was a war between the military governors of the North and those of the South, who hoped to increase their power and wealth, and pave the way for the presidency or some other high position.

In order to carryon this strife the Chinese government has mortgaged valuable resources. The crop of loans has only been exceeded by the crops of poppy and of bandits. On account of the disturbed state of the country, opium planting has been revived in certain provinces and the opium traffic which ceased in March, 1917, has been re-established in the form of a monopoly controlled by the government. The strong protests by the United States, the Christian churches and the merchants have led to the postponement of these plans and may lead to their abandonment.

A hopeful sign of coming peace was the election of Hsil. Shih Chang to the Presidency, by a large majority of Parliament. He has the confidence of all parties, and according to his policy as outlined, China is to be governed by constitutional law, vital measures are to be taken to reliev;e the present financial stress, the frontier defences are to be improved. Comme.rce and industry are to be promoted especially by controlling the bandits. Internal administration is to be improved. The relation between the central government and the provinces is to be made clear. President Hsil. is very desirous for peace between the North and South. It is hoped that the legal situation arising from his election by a non-representative Parliament may be solved 'in a way satisfactory to Canton and Peking.

16 In spite of political unrest, the people of China have made new roads, have introduced b8etter systems of lighting their cities, and have carried on internal commerce. The foreign trade has increased in spite of unfavorable conditions. The trade with the United States was 150% greater in 1917 than in 1915.

In religious work the outlook has been encouraging. The nation-wide week of evangelism was observed for the second time. In spite of the disturbed state of the country, the week was observed this year more widely than before. It comes in the first month of the Chinese New Ye~r during which the church members take advantage of the. leisure time to do personal work among their friends. The Religious Tract Society of North and Central China issued 255,000 special AT A CHIINNEeSs!> STUD!>NT CONF!>RI!>NCP; tracts to be used during this week. The Spring Evangelistic Campaign conducted by Dr. Sherwood Eddy and Mr. Frank Buchman in twelve large cities was very successful in enlisting the Chinese Christians in personal work and in persuading prepared men to make a final decision to join the Christian Church. In Canton four hundred Chinese Christian workers brought in eight hundred prepared non-Christian friends.

The China Continuation Committee is undertaking a survey of mission work in China which will not merely record the static condition, but will enable the missions to apply the men and money so as to obtain the largest results.

The visit of Dr. Zwemer has stimulated the interest in the work among Moslems. A committee to study this work, appointed by the China Continuation Committee, has started the production of Christian literature for the Moslems.

The China Christian Educational Association has now associated with it nine associations which cover the' whole of China, and are studying the problems of education.

The cause of church union is receiving increased attention in China. A meeting of Presbyterians, the London Mission and the American Board representatives was held at Nanking for the pur-

pose of forming a Federal Council of Christian Churches in China. The objeCt of this Federation will be such comparison of views and adjustments of practices as shall prepare the way for ultimate organic union.

The war has depleted the missionary force. One mission has sent over one half of its men into war service. The war has also ·(reduced the number of men recruits, especially physi,cians and teachers. Plans for new institutions and the enlargement of old ones have been held up. The increased cost of living, accompanied by the rise of the price of silver, has brought about retrenchment and some hardship.

It is expected that China will now take her place in the sisterhood of natione with territorial integrity guaranteed by the Allies. The republican government must be assisted to put down militarism both external and internal so as to give China peace from civil strife. This will enable China to put her house in order and turn her attention to educating her children, developing her resources and carrying out much needed reforms. The Christian workers will be confronted with an opportunity unequalled in the history of missions. The Christian Church must provide the spiritual basis for the republic. The churches forming training schools for the r·epublic will teach the Chinese brotherly love, social service, civic pride, true patriotism and Christian internationalism all motived by the love of God planted in the hearts of men. In fact, without the cooperation of these groups forming the essential church the· republic cannot be established.

The Opening of Tibe(to:Christianity BY REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

I N Tibet there is offered to the Christian Church an opportun- . ity, the like of which has never been presented to it in the past, and which may never come again. The great closed land of Tibet is now open for missionary work. Most of the hindrances heretofore existing have been removed, and in their stead there are assurances of a hearty welcome and even of assistance.

Dr. A. L. Shelton, a missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, on the Chinese Border of Tibet, recently visited Gartok and Charhbdo. At Gartok, five days south-west of Batang, he fonnd several thousands of troops from various districts of Tibe,t, even from Leh and Ladakh. They were armed with Enfield rifles, and were well disciplined. The commander, a very interesting man, discussed religious questions freely and quite

THE OPENING OF TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY

reasonably with Dr. Shelton and said that while the former attitude of Tibetans toward for- eigners was hostile, the "YYoouunngghhusband Expedition"

had taught the Tibetans to' re- gard the foreigners with favor.

In discussing the question of mission work in Lhasa, the com- mander was very favorably im- pressed, and forwarded to the Dalai Lama a letter in which Dr. Shelton requested permis- sion to open work in Lhasa.

During the fighting on the Tibetan border last summer Dr.

Shelton went to Chambdo at the request of Mr. E. Teichman, the British Consul from Ta cheinlu and the Galon Lama. This Galoan Lama is a personage of great authority, only the t.wvo A LLAMA PRIEST OF TIBET kings of Tibet and .tthhe Dalai Lama having authority over him. The doctor found unspeakable conditions among the wounded soldiers who had been lying for two months without medical aid.

One man had all his lower jaw shot away and all the wounds were stinking. Dr. Shelton operated for four days, working each day as long as he could stand.

The Galon Lama ordered that all the needs of the doctor should receive prompt attention. Speaking of foreigners, the Lama said that the Tibetans had been forced to keep out foreigners because of a treaty with the Chinese; but that now the treaty is no longer in force. The doctor has a great reputation in that country and was promised help if he would come to Chambdo and build a hospital. At parting, the Lama presented the doctor with three hundred rupees and two valuable vessels ornamented with beaten gold and silver, expressing the hope that they would be friends for life. All this, coming from one of such high authority, cannot be too strongly emphasized.

Dr. Shelton noticed many changes amongst the masses of the Tibetans. Most of them wore foreign hats and many had foreign shoes. One had a camera and could use it well. The presence of foreign cloth, foreign sugar, foreign tobacco, foreign shoes, the craze for foreign goods, and the development of manufacturing (the Tibetans manufacture ammunition for Hotchkiss field pieces) are signs of Tibet's new life.

Three main reasons for the changed attitude of Tibetans are (1) the weakening of Chinese influences, (2) "The Younghusband Expedition," and (3) the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries.

Since the year 1720 China has controlled Tibet's foreign policy which followed China's former hostile attitude toward foreigners. Tibet was commanded to have intercourse with China alone, and the minds of the Tibetans were filled with an exaggerated account of the early Chinese notion of missionary work. But the Chinese injustice, treachery and cruelty toward the Tibetans has caused them to throw off the Chinese yoke and rise in defense of their rights. Thus Tibet is now practically an independent nation.

"The Younghusband Expedition" broke the spell of igno- rance which the Chinese had c~st around the Tibetans. It was a great revelation to them to find that a foreign army could march into their capital, do no looting, show acts of kindness, and retire peaceably even to the last man. The treatment of Tibetan captives at the hands of the British went to the Tibetans' hearts, for they had never seen anything like it.

Then the Tibetans began to travel abroad. At Chainbdo, Dr. Shelton met a Tibetan colonel. who had visited all the important countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, and was only sorry that he could not afford to visit America. One officer spoke English. Another had a son in London. The observations of these travelers are reported at home and make tremendous impressions. Foreign ideas are being readily adopted, including foreign military tactics, dress, and treatment of prisoners.

This situation must appeal with irresistible force to every Christian. We have been waiting at the closed door of Tibet for the past fifteen years. Now that door is open. We must. enter or perish, like the Israelites in the Wilderness. The Christian is a saviour. Saving others is the function of the Christian life. Tore- sist the appeal of this open door is to quench the spitit of Christ, and to invite spiritual death.

The appeal of the situation reaches further than America; it reaches heaven. There it becomes imperative. From that seat of highest authority, a command is issued: "Save the Tibetans." To every disciple of Christ, this command is uttered in a voice which speaks in tones more imperative than the thunders of Sinaiin tones of love.

The situation demands immediate action. God will accomplish His purpose in Tibet even if some of His disciples are disobedient, ·but it will be to our discredit and condemnation. An evangelist and a doctor should open a station at Chambdo at once. A day school, Bible school, and dispensary should be instituted immediately. The prayers of the Church for open doors are answered. Now is the time to go up and possess the land for Christ.

IN INDIA IN CHARACTER AND SELF

Chair caning at an Industrial Mission India's"-Nationarand Christian Progress BY BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE, D. D., INDIA Missionary Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE millions 'of India's poor are suffering more than those of most other nations in the present increase in the cost of liv- ing. Their sufferings are further intensified by a scourge of plague and a failunre of rain in northern India, which has added famine conditions.

As an outcome of her share in the war, India will more quickly attain to her new national aspirations calling for "responsible see1l£fgovernment." India's most extreme agitators have not asked for separation from the British Empire, but only to be part of the Empire like Canada and Australia. The British Government is putting forth an honest attempt to grant India a regime of constitutional government which will open the way for the full statnure of he.r self-government within the Empire. Great Britain with her genius for education and colonial goverinumnent will surely save India from Russia's sorrows and will guide her safely to national great- :nneesss; and as an outcome, thrree hundred millions of our cousins of ".AArryyan broowwnn""w.wiilll take their place .as one of the great countries composing the British Empire.

The war has given India a clearer conception of the true Christian spirit. When the struggle first began between so-called Christian nations, India's non-Christians felt that Christianity had 21

failed, but later when America offered her sacrificial service for the liberiy of oppressed peoples, asking neither indemnity nor territory, India recognized that such a spirit could emanate only from Christ. India further saw that Christ's teaching concerning love and justice must come to have world wide application-the "Government shall be upon His shoulders." India has seen .that she must cease to oppress her outcast millions and must in a new sense practice toward them justice and helpfulness. These new conceptions will be incorporated into India's new national and Christian development, and will hasten the hour when Great Britain may give to her the measure of self-government she asks.

With these developments, the war will iu many ways vitally aid the' cause of missions and reforms in India. Think of this: among the five or more million Indians in various capacities now in the war on the battle fronts of France, Mesopotamia, Mrica, Egypt, the Dardanelles, Saloniki and Central Asia, very few before the war had a horizon larger than their local village life, but they will return after having associated with people from many lands, with a world vision of domestic, social, political and religious reforms and with a soldierly purpose to put them into effect in India.

An Indian minister tells of holding a service in an out-of-theway interior village, when a returned and wounded Mohammedan soldier rose and gave this testimony: "I know that this Jesus religion is true. When I was lying out on the battle field among other wounded men, the followers of this religion came out,- braving the falling shells, and carried us away and tenderly cared for our wounds. They bore upon the sleeves of their white robes the emblem of the cross on which their Christ gave His life for the world, and dyed with the color of the blood he shed."

In this way millions of returned Indians will witness for Christ and advance India's social, economical, political and religious transformation, and will everywhere reinforce the work of the missionary.

India's mass movement, which has been called the greatest since the founding of the Christian Church, has not only not a.bated under war conditions, but is spreading in dimenslon and growing in spiritual power. In the first" Acts of the Apostles" three thousand were baptized in a day, but in India's "New Acts of the ApostIes" three thousand are baptized in the various missions every two weeks. India's mass movements with their urgent call for the education of the multitudes of untaught children coming into the Christian churches, the training of the necessary workers to keep pace with the movement, and the shepherding of the new converts gives to the churches of America one of the greatest Macedonian calls of history.

Peril of

Stirring events in Urumia, Persia, and the remarkable way in which word was brought of the condition of the missionaries there.

BY REV, FREDERICK G. eOAN, D. D., URUMIA, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

N OR'l'HWESTERN Persia is in the grip of an awful famine. The events of the past few months surpass in their horrors and dangers even those of the never-to-be-forgotten year 1915.

When the Russian for('es were withdrawn from Persia as a result of the demobilization of her armies several thousands of Armenians and Syrians-refugees from Turkey-were left well armed and with ammunition. The Moslems resented the fact and tried to disarm the Christians. This resulted in fighting in which men on both sides were killed. The Moslems were overpowered in Urumia as well as in Salmas and came to the Mission yards with flags of truce. They surrendered and promised to hand over all arms and ammunition-a promise that was not kept.

A widespread plan on the part of the Moslems to bring in outside forces and wipe out the Christian population was only prevented from execution by the bravery of the Christians who fought against superior numbers with the courage of despair.

The Syrian Patriarch Mar Shimun, a man of intelligence and most attractive bearing, was in Urumia at the time of the fighting, and was asked by the Persian authorities to go to Salmas to quell the disturbances there between the Armenians and Syrians on one hand, and the Persians and Kurds on the other. He was led into an ambush and, with some 200 followers, was most, brutally murdered by the noted Kurdish chief and outlaw, Simku. This dastardly act greatly aroused the indignation of the Assyrians who avenged the act by killing Simku and two of his brothers with over a thousand of his followers. Fighting has been going on ever since and the Christians have beaten off repeated attacks by the Turks and Kurds.

A letter received a week ago from my daughter, Mrs. Richards, describes the remarkable way in which they were able to get word out to the world after being bottled up tightly for five months. One morning hearing an unusual sound, they went to the roof and to their amazement and joy saw a biplane flying over their compound. The lone Englishman who was in it waved to them and when he alighted in a field near by they learned that he had flown 150 miles that morning, from Kazvin, Persia, to find out what had happened to this lonely outpost with its small force of Americans.

23

Lieut. Pennington told them that he was ready to take out any letters they might have, and he left the next day, July 8th, with· the first word that was carried through from Urumia since February. Thousands of refugees, Armenian and Syrian from Van, Salmas, and the villages around Urumia, were then camped near the city with their animals and few belongings, ready for flight at a moment's notice.

A letter from Mr. McDowell, written from Baghdad on September 6th, supplies the last link in this tale of sorrow. Just prior to the arrival of the Turks, one of the Syrian leaders with his force went south to meet the English soldiers who were being sent to relieve Urumia, This departure started a panic among the people and some 70,000 started after them in mad flight. Dr. William A. Shedd and his wife, after making a vain attempt to bring them back, went with the multitude, hoping that they might be able to keep some order and protect the helpless in the attack that was sure to follow. A letter from Mrs. Shedd written from Hamadan on August 26th gives one of the saddest and most tragic stories in the history of our Persian Mission.

After fleeing for five days, with increasing distress among the weary, footsore, frightened and hungry refugees, the Kurds overtook the Assyrians and attacked the rear guard. Hearing that the English forces were at Sain Kala-not far ahead-they whipped up their weary horses and pressed on.

The panic and mad rush of the poor people to get on to where the English were, was terrible. The roads became jaIllllled, carts broke down, goods were flung away. The people clung to their money and bread, but the villages, through which they passed, were mostly deserted and many perished from hunger.

At last they reached Sain Kala six days travel from Urumia and met Major Moore and Captain Reed with a small force of some 150 soldiers. But hardly had they reached there before a small force, sent to the rear to protect the laggards, came back with the report that large forces of the enemy were pursuing them.

The thousands of weary refugees began to move agalll like a great avalanche. Soon after reaching camp Dr. Shedd who was worn out by the terrible experiences he had passed through, showed signs of illness, but with Dr. Jessie Yonan, a Syrian physician and their servants and drivers, they were obliged to move forward. The doctor had no medicine, there was no food, and the oil had given out, so that they could not even light a lantern. The sound of firing again warned them they must move on and the dying man was placed in the cart and carried over the rough roads. Two hours later a doctor arrived and found that Dr. Shedd was suffering from cholera. Soon afterward he passed away, and without shroud or coffin was laid to rest on the hillside. Alone in her sorrow the

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

stricken wife went on, finally reaching Hamadan after 26 days of hard journey.

The refugees to the number of some 50,000 or more divided, some finally landing at Hamadan and others pressing on to Bakuba, 40 miles north-west of Baghdad. The missionaries who remained in Urumia with some 5,000 Christians, seem not to have been molested, although several prominent men were hung and 600 girls carried off into captivity by the :Moslems and Kurds.

What will be the future of Persia 7 We believe that God's work, so faithfully begun in Persia, will not be destroyed. As :Mohammedans realize how they have been led astray and how their political power is forever gone in the "Near East," we hope that they will turn to better things. The challenge comes to the Church to go to these deluded, mistaken people, so long enemies of the Church of Christ and to explain to them the Gospel of peace, forgiveness and love.

American Influence in Bulgaria BY THE REV. EDWARB B. HASKELL, D. D., BVLGARIA . Missionary of the American Board, 1891 I T was about the middle of the nineteenth century that the Bulgar- ians, a' race whose very existence was almost forgotten by the out- side world, attracted the attention of Cyrus Hamlin, Elias Riggs and others of the great missionary statesmen then regnant in Con- stantinople. In fact as early as 1841 or 1842 Dr. Riggs, the won- derful linguist (who was a leading member of each of the com- mittees which translated the Bible into modern Greek, Armenian, Turkish and Bulgarian) issued a little paper-covered Bulgarian grammar in English. He stated in the preface that he was prompted to do so by his hope that his countrymen would be aroused some day to take an interest in the Bulgarians, and would then find his grammar ready to aid them in acquiring the language. His hope and faith were justified when the American :Methodists began a work between the Danube and the Balkan Mts. in 1857, and the American Board authorized its Western Turkey Mission to "take on" the Bulgarians south of the Balkans in 1858.

It may be wise here briefly to reply to the question so often asked, "Why establish missions in the Balkans at all when the non-Moslem races already were members of the Eastern Orthodox Church1" Let us recall that the Turkish conquest of the Balkan P€ninsula was completed shortly before the first stirrings of the Reformation took p}ace under John Hus. The report of the Oar- negie Commission on the Balkan Wars very aptly describes this con- quest as "leveling all the nationalities and prese~ng them all

alike in a condition of torpor, in a manner comparable to the action of a vast refrigerator." Now imagine the circumstances reversed, with Eastern Europe left free and Western European develop- ment arrested at just the stage which religion and education had reached in the year 1400. Then suppose that such men as Luther and Calvin had arisen in Russia and Greece, and the progress which followed their labors had taken place in Eastern Europe. Would it have been proper or improper, brotherly or unbrotherly, for Eastern Christians to have sent emissaries bearing their relig- ious and educational acquirements into Western Europe ~ The British "Diplomatist" who wrote that remarkable book, "National- ism and War in the Near East," says that we westerners "can scarcely realize the disadvantage to the growth of a community whose progressive forces get no inspiration from Protestantism and whose conservative forces are not firmly founded in Catholicity. " He deplores the degradation of the various branches of the Eastern Church into political machines so that, for example, "The Christian Churches of Macedonia are of ethnological rather than of ethical importance." He affirms that "the autocephalous Christian Churches of Eastern Europe have contributed nothing as evangelizing influences to the maintenance there of peace and goodwill; while, as educational influences, they have contributed only to the growth of nationality (chauvinism), and have fmled to exercise any influence on the new spiritual life of the Balkan Peninsula." This heavy indictment from an entirely non-missionary source would seem abundant justification for evangelical missions in the Levant.

Before passing on let me mention a contrast to the last quotation above, which I love to remember. For some years before the Balkan wars the Greek and Bulgarian evangelical churches of Salonica were accustomed to. celebrate the January week of prayer in unison, the meetings being held three evenings in the Greek and three in the Bulgarian chapel. The same hymns, translated from the English, were sung in both languages at once, and the readings, prayers and remarks were alternately in each. After the deplorable second Balkan war I feared that relations between the rlloos were too strained for our usual procedure. But when the natives were asked their opinion, they said, "Why not? Is Christ divided 1" And in the meet.ings of that year not an unbrotherly word was spoken, nor was there less power and unction than usuaL Returning to the Bulgarian work, one of the first moves made by the missionaries was the establishment of a monthly paper, the Zornitza or "Morning Star," which later became a weekly. There was a hiatus of several months between the appearance of the first and second numbers. Having made his perfectly reasonable petition to the Turkish authorit.ies for a permit to publish,

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

NEEDING DEVELOPMENT-A TYPICAL SCENE IN BULGARIA the editor put out his first number with innocent confidence that the "formalities" would be over in a few days. "Thereby hangs a tale" worth repeating. One day during the months of waiting the American Minister met the Grand Vizier at some function and took advantage of the opportunity to ask, "By the way, your Excellency, what are the prospects for that little Bulgarian paper which some of my countrymen wish,to publishT"

"You mean that republican journalB?" said the Vizier. "Oh, no, your Excellency," replied the Minister, "you have been misinformed. It is not to be a political but a religious sheet." "But is it not to be Protestant1"- "Yes, your Excellency. " "Well, Protestantism is republicanism." The wily autocrat sensed the situation with unerring instinct. Without any effort on their part to instigate revolution or even to stir up discontent, it undoubtedly is true that the missionaries hastenedthe overthrow of Turkish rule. The following story showing the feeling of another autocrat was told me by a classmate. He was traveling in the Balkans in the late nineties and chanced to be at Cettinje when Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria was visiting Prince Nicholas of Montenegro. My friend had introductions to royalty which caused him· to be invited to accompany the two princes on a walk. In order to sound him he casually remarked to Ferdinand,

"By the way, you have some American missionaries in Bulgaria, haven't you ~ What do you think of them 7"

"Well, they are rather a nuisance, as they divide up the people", said his Highness. "But," broke in Nicholas with a slap on Ferdinand's shoulder, "had there been no American missionaries there would have been no Bulgaria." "That may be true", replied Ferdinand with a shrug. The statement of Nicholas wa~ an exaggeration, as was an editorial statement in the London Times, some years ago, that the Bulgarians owed their emancipation to the Zornitza. But the Z ornitza, which today is the oldest Bulgarian paper extant, undoubtedly did a great work. While treating all subjects from an evangelical Christian standpoint it never was sectarian, and avoided attacks on the Orthodox Church. It thus entered hundreds of villages never visited by a preacher and was valued by a multitude of Orthodox readers. The editor once told me that copies sent to villages often were read aloud at the village cafes and passed from hand to hand, until each probably had reached twenty people. The Bulgarian word for newspaper is vestnik, but the Zornitza, being the first and best known paper among them, many Macedonians supposed that zornitza was the generic term. A postal clerk at Monastir in 1893-4 used often to tell me, "No zornitas came today"- meaning that no American papers had arrived.

Besides the weekly, our publication department prepared many books and tracts which were widely scattered by colporters, together with the Scriptures translated by missionaries and published by the British and American Bible Societies. There was very little controversial literature in the output, the truth being presented in a positive fonn and left to make its way. It would be a just criticism that too much was translated from the English without adaptation to local conditions, and that dogma was too prominent. But on the whole, a great deal of genuinely ethical and Christian leaven has worked its way into Bulgarian society through the press. After Zornitza became a weekly it published a monthly for children, and the Methodist Mission began a monthly named" Christian WorId," in which some valuable books were run as serials. Some years ago an Orthodox writer, speaking most candidly in a Sofia magazine on the beneficial influence of the Protestant movement in Bulgaria, pointed enviously to its literary activity, citing its seven religious periodicals, weekly, monthly, juvenile and tempemnce, in contrast with one little Orthodox paper for priests.

The preaching done by the missions has been of the same nature as their publications, with rarely a reference to or attack upon the Eastern Church. The presentation of truth and the ap- peals to conscience and will are exactly such as one hears in an

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

ordinary Congregationalist or Methodist pulpit in America. A two-fold result has followed both the preaching and tlie literature. Some people have felt that the old Church did not furnish them the spiritual food which they wished and so have organized evangelical churches. Others have been stirred to try to be better Christians within the old Church. Among the latter a strong reform party has arisen, including many of the younger priests. The text books for teaching religion in the public schools have been so purged of superstition as to make one pastor call them "evangelized."

So much has been written of the influence of Robert College and the Women's College at Constantinople on Bulgarian political and social life that it is unnecessary to say more here. Those institutions have been patronized by the comparatively wealthy, while the middle and poorer classes have turned to the less widely known mission schools at Samokov. It was a striking fact that these schools never had been so full as in 1917-18 when so many were insisting that we ought to declare war on Bulgaria. I would not be understood as implying that Bulgaria owes her educational system-one of the most thorough in Europe-to America. The Bulgar has been inclined to over-estimate the value of intellectual as compared with spiritual training, and would have sought education anyhow. The establishment of American schools among the people near the beginning of their national renaissance doubtless contributed to their intellectual advance. And those among them who value character as an educational product value our schools. Whatever be the cause, the Bulgarians spend annually for education double the amount per capita spent by any other Balkan race, and have reduced their illiteracy, in forty years of emancipation, to less than half what it is in the adjoining States after their eighty years of freedom.

There is a wide-spread feeling today that American Christian influence has amounted to nothing in Bulgaria because she took the wrong side in the war and because she committed atrocities. It scarcely is just to condemn a whole people for the action of a Bourbon King, and it is only right to remind ourselves that a willingness on the part of Bulgaria's ne1,g"hbors to rectify the inequities of the 1913 Bucharest Treaty would have made it impossible for the King to enlist her against them. As to atrocitiesmost of them did not happen. When Balkan races vilify one another the old resident among them discounts their charges about 75%. I have learned, for instance, that a horrible "hymn of hate" attributed to a Bulgar was not written by him and has not appeared in any Bulgarian publication. It is part of a "fabricated" slander campaign, such as those races fabricate easier than we fabricate ships. Bulgaria is as unable now as in 1913 to get any reply to the charges against her circulated outside her borders,

and unsportsmanlike advantage is being taken of the situation in order to influence the coming Peace Congress.

My own quarter century of mission lif·e has mostly been spent in Macedonia, where I have formed warm friendships with members of all the Balkan races. I realize that the period of work among them has been too short, and the human and financial forces employed too inadequate, to transform the national life. The Bulgars have proved the most responsive to American Christian influence of any Balkan people. Yet it would be presumptious to claim that all theIr progress is due to it. It has had some share, however, in producing the following results: 1. A religious tolerance unapproached elsewhere in the Levant. While the constitution of every Balkan State guarantees religious liberty to its subjects, those outside Bulgaria also forbid criticism of or conversions from the "Pravo Slav" (Slavic for "Orthodox") Church. This curious self-contradiction is explained on the ground that religious liberty means the right to exercise undisturbed the religion in which you were born, the' religion of your parents. You may not choose a new form for yourself unless you change from something else to Orthodox.

A lady who passed through Greece in 1914, recently told me that she saw some men looking out of the prison windows at Patras. She learned that twenty-three of them were there for having met together to read the Bible in modern Greek. The Greek constitution makes it a crime to sell, give away or own any Scripture portion in the spoken language of the people. Such a law is unthinkable in connection with Bulgaria. It is to be hoped that Prime Minister Venezelos, with his English proclivities and general breadth of view, will succeed in securing the repeal of this mediaeval article, and of unjust discriminations against non-conformists in certain of the Greek laws. Probably Montenegro is the only remaining European country which prohibits colporteurs from circulating the Scriptures within its territory.

In 1911 I talked with English "Plymouth Brethren" who have tried to work in Roumania. Their meetings had to be held secretly in private houses and frequently shifted to various quarters of Bucharest, lest the police discover them and arrest all in attendance.

In Belgrade a German Lutheran Ohurch was tolerated, but no Protestant preaching in Serbian. A Scot named McKenzie, an earnest Christian and philanthropist lived there for years. The Serbs so honored him as to name a street for him-but never allowed him to hold a service in the church building which he erected at his oWIi. expense on that street.. A little Baptist sect called "Nazorei" has secured a precarious footing in Serbia. Its member!! often have been beaten and imprisoned by the police. In January 1914

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

one of them told me in Belgrade that he had been tried that very day for attending ~ ~eeting. On the report of secret government agents who were present, all the men in attendance were sentenced to imprisonment for a month and all the women for two weeks. They had appealed the case, bnt if the sentence was sustained it would be my friend's seventh imprisonment for his faith.

After all that has been done for Montenegro, Roumania and Serbia in the war by nations outside the Eastern Orthodox Ohurches, and after the chastening experiences of the past three years, one may confidently expect that these states will cease to persecute dissenters from their establishments. In Serbia, at least, there are signs pointing in this direction. Whether Roumania will extend to the Jews the toleration which they enjoy in Bulgaria remains to be seen.

In Bulgaria the ecclesiastics, as everywhere, are intolerant and desirous to persecute. They have instigated sporadic outbursts of mob fanaticism, and cases of .official injustice. But I never knew of a prosecution or an imprisonment on a religious accusation. Bulgaria alone of the Balkan States recognizes the .legality of marriages performed for its subjects by Protestant pastors, exempts such pastors from military service the same as Orthodox priests, and frees their church buildings from taxation.

2. The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance societies have been organized, which publish a monthly organ, and an extensive literature created. The Ministry of Education co-operated with the late Dr. J. F. Olarke in sending this literature to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. From 1907 to the end of 1910 Dr. Olarke published 350,000 copies of temperance tracts with 4,422,200 pages. Undoubtedly Bulgaria will be the first Balkan State to adopt any temperance legislation.

3. The great advance of socialism in Bulgaria shows an interest in human welfare, an idealism and a spirit of brotherhood which are essentially Ohristian virtues. The movement challenges the missions to he IDOl'P aINt in proclaiming a sane social Gospel.

4. There can be no doubt that it was in response to the American Ohristian influences which have been at work among them for 60 years that the Bulgarians so stubbornly resisted the tremendous pressure put upon them by Germany and Austria to break relations with the United States in April, 1917. A leading statesman said to me, "We owe all that we are to America, and if there ever is war between the two countries it will be by her act and not ours."

The fact that we did not declare war on her will create a more friendly feeling toward us in Bulgaria than ever before. If, while recognizing the rights and aspirations of the other Balkan States, we also grant the Macedonians the privilege of self-detpr-

mination, Bulgarian gratitude will know no bounds, and the American· missions will see before them opportunities which it will be difficult to live up to. After all, was not" Mr. Bri tling" right when, with vision clarified by a great sorrow, he said, "It does not matter in the least what we owe to Serbia or what we owe to Italy. We have got to set this world on a different footing. We have got to set up the world at last-on justice and reason. The Treaty of Bucharest [1913J was an evil treaty. It must be undone. Whatever this German king -ftf Bulgaria does, ·that treaty must be undone and the Bulgarians united again into one people. They must have themselves, whatever punishment they deserve, they must have nothing more, whatever reward they win." No juster word has been spok~.m.

The Missionary Situation in Bantu Africa BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR, D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in Sonth Africa AFTER the huge expenditures of money and life which have been required to end German political power in Africa, and after the revelations of the abuse of that power in cruelty and repression to the native races, it may fairly be assumed that there will be no thought of its restoration. The peace conference may either confirm the possession of the Colollies by Great Britain and France or may bring them under international control. Great Britain has made an enviable reputation in the government of sub- ject races and is sympathetic with Missionary work. The suggestion lias been made that the United States of America assume responsibil- ity for these great areas, but it is not likely that such a plan would be seriously considered. The British government has already taken steps to conserve the results of German mission work in Togoland and in East Africa by asking in the former case the United Free Church of Scotland and in the latter the Africa Inland Mission to take over German stations. Reports of French opposition to mis- SIon work on the Gold Coast indicate that some pressure may be required to secure fuller co-operation on the part of the French government with missionary effort.

Central Africa at this moment of history offers the most strik- . ing field for the exercise of such internationalism as is proposed in the League of Nations. The policy of non-interference with the internal affairs of sovereign states seems about to suffer some modifications with Russia, Austria, Turkey and Germany on the operating table, to say nothing of the possibility of Ireland bscom-

1919l THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

ing an international question. And there are still plenty of mlll– stances of injustice on a large scale and plenty of problems of adjustment between ruling and subject peoples in Africa to give scope for the most patient and broad-minded statesmanship, if we have now actually reached the point when the democratic nations are ready to take up the mission of making a democratic world. In any case, with Germany's policy of exploitation abandoned and the growing recognition by governments and students of AfrriiCclijL1,nll ethnology that Christian missions offer the surest hope for the uplift of the native races, and their adjustment to the demands of developing civilization, the year 1919 promises to h0" 11 momentous year for African missions if the church will rf<(''", "11<1 to 111,,>" call of the Master as loyally as the country htals reSSllHHll:d I i) (tJ,c.;, 8c,'l1111 of the President.

REASONS FOR THE BRIGHTEK OUTLOOK I~ AFRICA A Mission School in East Africa The South African Government has withdrawn, at least till after the war, its Native Land Act, a very sweeping piece of legislation aimed at territorial separation throughout the Union. The reports of the local commissions, which were appointed to reconsider the allocations of territory made by the original Commission, recommended slnich additions to the proposed natives' areas as were impossible to secure with the native raCce politically powerless and the white race unready to deal with the problem in a generous spirit. Moreover it was found that the feeling of the )natives against the Act was growing in intensity to a degree that was causing serious unrest.

is The Committee of the Aborigines Protection Society is engaged in what characterized as "its most gigantic effort since the abolition of slavery" in dealing with a proposal of the Rhodesian government to exchange 6,000,000 acres of native reserves for 5,000,000 of other land. The question of the Chartered Company's claim to land in Rhodesia exceeding in extent the whole of Great Britain has been decided against the Company and native titles are to that degree confirmed. The problem of the natives' relation to the land increases in intensity in South Africa. The rapid increase of floating populations at the labor centers unattached to the soil, and the intensification of unfavorable economic conditions by war prices presents a fertile soil for the agitator. Strikes and boycotts, dangerous weapons in the hands of people at the African stage of development, are becoming frequent. Racial feeling is running high and these conditions are reacting upon South African missions in a resurgence of independent and schismatic movements and a general hair-trigger condition among those congregati>ons most in touch with the influences of the gold fields.

The situation demands on the one hand intensification of effort to train the native agriculturally and industrially and to keep him on the land, and on the other hand of the effort to interpret Christianity and civilization to him at the labor centers in the form of better homes, provision for entertainment and instruction in leisure time, under the auspices of the church, and general social betterment. Not only the mining centers but every African seaport and large town calls for this type of evangelism. But neither industrial training nor social service can save the native socially till the land problem is solved. The Act recently withdrawn was initiated in the interest of the European. In the coming reconstruction new legislation in the interest of the native must give him a fair share of the land and security of tenure on an individual basis, as fast as he becomes able to make effective use of such tenure.

PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION In the Kamenm war scattered the native populations, mission stations and funds were seized by the German army; in -German East Africa hundreds of thousands of natives were taken for transport, besides those in the fighting forces, whole tribes were broken np and homes destroyed by their women being taken away by the troops. There will be serious loss by the suspension of German missions, but good progress has been made in reconstruction efforts. The United Free Church of Scotland has bravely assumed the burden of the work in Togoland. The American Presbyterians came through with only 6% losses in the Kamerun and actually more than doubled the native contributions. They have put through with remarkable speed the substitution of French for

THE MlSSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

German in the schools. In East Africa the Africa Inland Mission has taken over a large group of former German stations. In Kiziba the native church of Uganda is undertaking a splendid foreign mission enterprise and has already more than doubled the former number of German out-stations.

Perhaps the greatest problem of reconstruction after the war will be the readmission of the great evangelizing force represented by the missionary churches of Germany into a share in the missionary enterprise.

THE LIQUOR PROBLEM The progress of the prohibition movement in America is certain to react favorably on Africa, but vigilance will be needed to see that the interests driven out here do not seek a foot-hold in Africa as they are doing in Ohina. In South Africa which has been characterized as "among the most hopelessly liquor-ridden countries in the world" the grape growing trade has been making a. new drive for the privilege of selling Oape wines to the natives on the Rand. Persistent efforts are being made to introduce the Durban system of. municipal manufacture and sale of native beer on the Rand in the face of the, fact that sales have more than tripled since the system began, being now $12,000 per month. The illicit liquor traffic is responsible for 76% of the male inmates of South Mrican jails and 58% of the females, and yet there is a stronger demand for relaxation of the laws on the ground that they cause crime, than for prohibition which would abolish the crime. Belgium has declared for "bone-dry" prohibition to natives in her African territories.

It is refreshing to learn of a distillery closed in Portuguese Angola, and of Sir F. D. Lugard's appeal that Nigeria, having raised from other sources the £1,140,000 of revenue lost by the suspension of the liquor importation in 1918, shall continue to do so.

The temperance forces should seize the opportunity to make prohibition for the native races of Africa a leading issue in the peace discussions relating to the status and future of Africa, and they should start a campaign among the white churches of South Africa for general prohibition.

MISSIONARY UNITY AND CO-OPERATION .The Protestant Boards in the Kamerun have agreed upon a division on geographical lines of the entire field. The Conference consists of the American Presbyterians and Baptists and the German-Swiss Gossner and Basel missions. The Kikuyu Oonference, undeterred by its rebuff of a few years ago, has held a further meeting this year and reaffirmed its determination not to rest till all the societies concerned have a common ministry and one church. In German East Africa during the campaign the same societies organized a daily prayer meeting for the Mission Volunteer Military

Labor Corps, used on Sundays a service drawn up by the federation and on the first Sunday of each month had a common communion service.

The General Missionary Conference of South Africa has held no meeting since 1912, but will face the problems of reconstruction with Kikuyu's splendid example before it. One of its major undertakings will be a co-operative survey of the South Mrican field.

A Year of Latin American Missions BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE most remarkable development in the missionary situation in Latin America during the last year is the growing confi- dence manifested by the people of those lands toward the United States. The well known prejudice that has hitherto existed in every country from Mexico to Chile has always been a great barrier to mission work. North America's sacrifice of her profits on munitions with her unselfish entrance into the World War as a crusade for righteous;ness and true Democracy has given Latin Americans a real appreciation of her idealism and a desire for her friendship. "American Solidarity" has come to be the most popular phrase in Latin America. The establishment of North American banks, steamship lines and many new commercial houses has added much to these closer relations. Trade between the Fnited States and Latin America increased more than a billion dollars last year.

The great increase in the number of students from the South coming to this country is another indication of this growing fri('ndship. At the Studpnt ConfrreDrPs in Nortllflf'ld ;",cl T,l1,p (jrnDj"R there were enthusiastic groups of these students eal'lll'stl,l sCf'king to solve their spiritual problems. The Brazilian government has recently sent to this country twenty-seven graduate students who are to take two-year courses in agriculture, forestry, sanitation and engineering, to return to their country with these North American methods to help develop the marvelous physical resources of their country. The missionary forces have impressed Brazil to such an extE'nt that missionary leaders in this country were requested to meet the students and advise them concerning the institutions they should attend and help them in other ways to get the most out of their stay in North America. It is probable that the number of such students financed by the Government will reach one hundred during the year.

Brazil has just offered to the Southern Presbyterian Mission in Brazil free use of a well equipped agricultural school with some 10,000 acres of land, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, agreeing

A YEAR OF LA'l'IN AMERICAN MISSIONS

to back the school for a period of fifty years, if the Mission would provide the leaders in the teaching force. They have also elected a former teacher in one of the mission schools to head a modern school of domestic science for young women, in Northern Brazil, and have paid her expenses to this country to secure seven other young women teachers, specifying that they like herself shouid have the missionary spirit.

There is a new hunger for religion among our southern neigh- bors. Most of the educated classes, before the World War, had concluded that religion could be eliminated from modern life, but many have come now to realize that they must have a spiritual basis for personal and national life. A university professor of Buenos Aires has suggested the calling of a Congress on Religion to consider what should be done in this matter. This, along with a new recognition of the importance of missionary work, as illustrated by Brazil's attitude in other cases, points to a most encouraging out- look for the new year.

TERRITORIAL OOCUPATION The entire remaking of the missionary map of Mexico has been going on since the Cincinnati Conference in 1914, and this year has seen its practical consummation. This has meant the most revolutionary changes in missionary territory that have ever been accomplished in any mission field. At least one Board has sur- rendered all of its old territory and is going into an entirely new part of the country. Others are withdrawing from great stretches of territory, including several states and concentrating their work in those parts of their field where there is greatest need. Seven of the nine Mi,9sionary Boards in Mexico have now a clearly marked off territory for which they are particularly responsible. A depu~ tation from the various Boards, visiting their lipIds in January is and will all meet together in conference in Mexico City for a final adjustment of their property matters. These arrangements have required the utmost confidence in one another's fair dealing. Their consummation, in spite of all the political disturbances and other difficulties, marks a new era in missionary cooperation.

In Cuba the territorial readjustments have, to a large extent, . eliminated overlapping. The Disciples of Christ have withdrawn entirely, turning over their work to the Northern Presbyterians, who have also become responsible for most of the work of the Southern Presbyterians. Thus this field, where cooperation has been far from satisfactory, has gained greatly during the past year.

The missionary occupation of Santo Domingo has been em- phasized by a visit of the Secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Porto Rico, who has submitted a plan for the Porto Ricans themselves to cooperate with the Mission Boards in the occupation of Santo Domingo.

Central America has received more attention this year than ever before. The Northern Baptists sent a deputation to visit their work there and in Mexico. The responsibility for the six republics, including Panama, is now distributed among the Methodists, Bap- tists, and Presbyterians. These three Boards have requested Dr.

Webster E. Browning, the Educational Secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, to make a survey of the educa- tional conditions in all Central America, in order to outline a com- prehensive program of cooperation in the educational work which these Boards are developing there.

The Disciples of Christ have sent their first missionaries into Paraguay, the territory which was recently assigned to them, and have voted to put $150,000 into a new school in Asuncion, after hav- ing received the promise of the President of the Republic and other prominent men to place their children in the school.

The Young Women's Christian Association is just now sending two Secretaries to Rio de Janeiro to open its second Association in South America. .

EDUCATIONAL MISSIONS The outstanding thing in the development of missionary educa- tion this year has been the series of educational conferences held by Dr. Webster E. Browning in Argentina, Chile, Boliva, Peru and Colombia. In each of these countries the evangelical teachers were brought together and, after discussing their problems, fonned a series of findings which will guide them in their work for the next several years. Dr. Browning had remarkable receptions in sev- eral of the countries, by the national leaders of education. In Peru he was requested to give an afternoon to the National Educational Council. In Bolivia he was invited to lecture at the State Nonnal and the Jesuit College, after the leaders of those institutions had heard him in the Methodist school at La Paz.

The first professor for the Union Theological Seminary in Bra- zil has just sailed from New York. The rest of the faculty will be provided for in Brazil. The following bodies are cooperating: Presbyterians, North and South; Congregationalists; Independent Presbyterians; Methodists. The Episcopalians will also send stu- dents to the Seminary.

The Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico has been approved by five Boards, and probably by this time the first meeting of the Trustees has been held and the matters of location and faculty de- cided.

The Mexican Evangelical Seminary has progressed in a re- markable way. The large rented building has been crowded, some twenty-eight students having been enrolled from the eight organi- zations that cooperate in the Seminary. .

A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN

The International Facnlty of Theology, which is to serve all South America as a graduate school for the training of evangelic-a] leaders, has received the support of a sufficient number of Boards to guarantee its opening in Montevideo in 1920.

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE The coordination of all of the forces that are working for literature, both at the home base and on the field, has been gradually going forward during the year under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. Dr. George B. Winton, Editorial Secretary, and Dr. Orts Gonzalez, editor of Spanish Literature, have given their whole time to the production of literature in Spanish. Prof. Erasmo Braga, of Campinas, Brazil, has just been appointed by this Committee as editor of Portuguese Literature, with headquarters in Brazil.

A program for the production of books has been outlined by the Committee on Literatme of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which includes some thirty titles, principally along the lines of apologetics, religious education and social service. Each Regional Committee has a sub-committee on literature which is working with the central committee in carrying out this program. A significant thing in this year's missionary history has been the publication of the Introduction to the Bible in Portugese, by Dr. Jose Carlos Rodriguez, former editor of the Journal of Commerce. of Rio de Janeiro.

SOCIAL SERVICE AND MEDICAL WORK The Committee on Social Service, of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, has accomplished a large piece of work this year. Following the great victory for prohibition last year, they began a campaign against vice. With the aid of the military and civil authorities they closed practically all the houses of prostitution on the Island. The women who were confined in the jails were then organized into schools and taught to sew, cook, and in other ways to earn a living.

The Baptists have opened a new hospital in Pueblo, Mexico; the Presbyterians, a large dispensary in Vera Cruz. The Methodist Church in Buenos Aires raised a large sum to help their orphanage near that city and, almost immediately following, raised their quota of $200,000 (Argentine) for the Methodist Centenary. This was probably the largest amount of money ever raised in a campaign by an evangelical church in Latin America, and is indicative of what may be expected in future development.

With the closing of the great war, the world's attention is rapidly shifting from Europe to Latin America, where, in the next quarter of a century, we may expect the most important developments of any part of the world.

SOME; 'POSTERS USED IN 1T'IH-IE INDUSTRIAL WORK OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS

'l'HE WORKERS-A TUG OF WAR IN A

The Needs of the Industrial Workers BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M. A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department, International Committee, Y. M. C.. A.

A MERICA realizes, asa result of the war experiences, that the "soldier in industry" is as vital a factor in the service of the nation and the world as is the soldier in arms. Nations have learned that they must regard the welfare of industrial workers as strictly as the welfare of soldiers at the front. The safety of the nation in time of war lies, as Prince Lvoff of Russia once expressed it, "in a union of the front and the rear."

Great leaders of our national and industriarl life are already facing the problem of how to promote the welfare of our industrial workers. What is needed in time of war is no less important from a humanitarian and Christian standpoint in time of peace. It is essential that living conditions be right, and that rest and recreation be provided. Ennggllaanndd'8's"HHeeaalth of Munition Workers Committee" made thorough investigations of conditions, and reported that, even from the standpoint of production alone, excessive hours did not pay. "Taking the country as a whole, the Committee is bound to record its impression that the munition workers in general have been allowed to reach a state of reduced efficiency and lowered health 41'

which might have been avoided without the reduction of output bY. attention.. to the details of daily and weekly rest. .~. .'". .'". It is for the nation to safeguard the devotion of its workers by its foresight and watchfulness lest irreparable harm be done to body and mind both in this generation and the nexxtt..""

These are strong words. Detailed studies revealed such facts as the following: A reduction of 12 percent in the hours of one plant resulted in a23 per cent increase in hourly output and an actual rise of 8 per cent in total weekly output. In another instance an absolute increase of over 5 per cent in output resulted when the working · day was reduced from 12 to 10 hours.

A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SERVICE IN A FACTORY ._The problem before America is not merely to avoid the lowering of standards, but to definitely obtain and maintain higher standards. This is clearly evident in the advanced positions being taken by the War Industries Board, the National War Labor Board, the Labor Policies Board, and various other agencies of the Government which have attempted to deal firmly and wisely with the great industrial and social problems of the day. Bnut efficiency and the welfare of the worker!; and their families depend upon the personal character and happiness of each individual worker. Ohristian agencies are therefore primarily the ones to which the world must look for the building of this character which is the final essential to safe industrial and social conditions. No matter how well we maintain, or how greatly we improve standards, there will always

THE NEEDS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

be a tremendous need for the sort of thing for which the Christian Church and its agencies are responsible.

The Young Men's Christian Association has, during the past sixteen years, become increasingly efficient in its approach to the great industrial and social problems, and by really serving the men and boys of industry in an all-round way has produced both efficiency and character in a remarkable degree. The Association considers its field to be the approximately 15,000,000 males engaged in industrial occupations in the United States, and the hundreds of thousands in Canada. Gradually it has been enlarging its service to the workers in industry in other nations.

A CLASS IN ENGLISH TO HELP PIANO FACTORY WORKERS The service of the Association in industry is quite different from that of ordinary welfare work as generally conceived. Its field lies within the zone of agreements between employer and employee. It does not attempt to adjust issues, but to create a spirit in which adjustment of differences becomes easier. The Association is non-partisan, non-paternal, cooperative, and under trained leadership, with expert supervision, is adapted to all types and conditions, and yet it is more than neutral-it is mutual. The object of this work is to get the undivided message of the Association to both employers and employees, so that each shall manifest to the other as well as to all men in every relation of life that manly spirit of goodwill and unselfishness which controlled the life of Christ.

"Modifications in program may be neocessary to meet industrial conditions, but no modification of purpose nor obscuring of

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT-A LITERARY CIRCLE AT HOME objective has been found necessary or permissible. " This marks the difference between the Association's work in industry and so-called welfare or social service work.

Industrial corporations have invested millions in city buildings of the Young Men's Christian Association, contribute generously toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of industrial extension work. Herman H. Westinghouse declares: "The investment of our Company in the Association is the best investment we ever maaddee,"," while Warren S. Stone, President of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers believes: "It has been one of the great influences for better citizenship and better manhood, and has done more for the railroad and industria! men than any other one thing. "

Those who are familiar merely with the city type of Y. M. C. A. do not realize the vast scope of its extension service-its religious and other shop meetings, its vast program of teaching English and citizenship to foreigners, promotion of health, safety and first aid, technical education, noon and after hours recreation, industrial athletic leagues, socials in plant and community and scores of other activities which help the" soldiers of industry" to get fit and stay fit.

rt will be a surprise to many to learn that over 125,000 industrial men and boys are members of the Association. Nearly three million .others attended religious and other shop meetings during

the past year and as many more wer e reached in other extension work. Most people aIr'e not familiar with the fact that in spite of the rapid ·growth in connection with distinctively war industries . throughout the country, the greatest industrial needs are still in the cities, and theert:e the Associiaation program is most eBxxtteensive. It has been found necessary not only to coont inue all the usual forms of . work, but to promote rapidly indussttrial branches of city Associa- tions, special buildings to serve industries in a much larger program of industrial work, and a specific form of organization by which a .secretary is required to give all of his time to a particular plant. In the latter case he is still a member of the staff of the city Asso- ciation, but has an office and equipment within the particular plant and devotes all his time and effort to the interest of the men and boys of that plant.

THE DAILY ROU 0 WHICH WAY ARE of thec'·wun1.s5kkiUllled work YOU HEADING 10 [ P ~ THE BREAD V~OR LINE RELIGION Om ~ 'It! help him gggft into /leilWf-gqCI CJIR.CCLLES?

The industrial departments, in cootton mill villages, coal and metal mining communities, lumber towns, construction camps, and in many war industries, are working wonders. Over $5,000,000 has been contributed by industry toward the Y. M. CO. A. buildings in connection with these industries outside of cities and over $500,000 a year is being contributed by the compann·ies toward the support of the work. An equal amount is g iiYy{e~nby the employees themselvees, thus making the Associiaattionn's indushial program. in reality as it is in name, a mutual welfa re enterprriisse. The Association is promoting all of its activities as far as possible through a committee of the workers themseelves, thus affording to them the maximum of democracy and control.

The specially adapted work in nineteen Y. M. C. A. buildings in the various plants of the DuPont Powder Company is a good illustration. At Hopewell, Virginia, for example, when the boom was at its height, the Association buildings ran day and night in three eight-hour shifts with a staff of 103 secretaries and assistants. 'l'wenty branches have been organized in the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Mining Camps in as many months. Near Birmingham, Alabama, at the plant of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company, the normal work of the Association has, according to testimony" of the Company, reduced accidents 47% in number and reduced lost time from accidents 55%. The output per man has increased 13% and the percentage of loss from defective work has been reduced one-third.

The Association, as a representative of the Church, has undertaken to layout a program to serve the 30,000 workers in the Government arsenals, the 100,000 in the navy yards, about 500,000 in the shipyards, and the millions in munitions plants and other essential industries. One of the simplest and yet unique types of service which the Association has undertaken has been the enlistment of small gangs of high school boys under a responsible gang leader to work on the "short shift" from four to eight p.m. in the shipyards. In the spruce forests of the Pacific Coast there were about 110,000 enlisted men getting out spruce'for airplanes in nearly three hundred different detachments, and the Association put a staff of twenty-five secretaries to work traveling from camp to camp organizing special service for these men.

In spite of this great economic result which the Association has produced, every effort is being made to hold uppermost the real religious message of the Association, as it is true today as never before, that the men and boys of industry are hungering for a realization of' the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of men. This the Association is helping to bring to them in a superlative way.

The coming of peace will increase rather than decrease the comprehensive activities planned for the soldiers and sailors and for the hundreds of thousands of workers of America and her Allies. The most comprehensive program of Christian service ever conceived is needed to prevent the period of demobilization from becoming a period of demoralization. Furthermore, these will be the months of most time available for putting on a really constructive program. Most of the present war industries will be continued and where necessary the product will be changed. Industry and industrial workers will always be with us, and during the coming critical period of reconstruction, the work of Christian agencies will be more necessary than ever.

The demand comes also from the industrial workers themselves. And it comes from the religion of Jesus Christ. May God help us to see the opportunity and to seize it I

ANNIVERSARIES IN THE YEAR

January 3rd-Krapf arrived at Mombasa to begin his East African Mis- sion 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

8th -Birth of Matthew Tyson Yates, first missionary of the Southern Baptist Convention 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Servants of the King" by Speer.

February 21st -Public baptism of Ranavalona II. of Madagascar and her prime minister 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

23rd-Death of Ziegenbalg 1719. 200th anniversary. See "New Acts of the Apostles" by Pierson.

March 21st -Birth of Mackay of Formosa 1844. 75th anniversary. See "From Far Formosa" by Mackay.

23rd-Founding of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1869. 50th anniversary.

31st -Vanderkemp landed at Cape Town 1799. 120th anniver- sary. See "Heroes and Martyrs of the Missionary- Enter- prise" by Smith.

April r·-~'– 5th -Founding of the Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1819. 100th anniversary. See "The Encyclopae- dia of Missions."

24th-Birth of James RobertsOn, first Home Missionary Superin- tendent of Manitoba 1839. 80th anniversary. See "Ser- vants of the King" by Speer.

24th -Death of Asahel Grant 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

May 2nd-Death of Henry Nott of Tahiti 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

10th -Completion of the Hawaiian Bible 1839. 80th anniversary. See "The Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

16th -Baptism of Pomare II. of Tahiti 1819. 100th anniver- sary. See "Christianity in Polynesia" by King.

June 8th-Doctor John Scudder sailed for Ceylon 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Missionary Reiew," June, 1909.

27th-Baptism of judson's first Burmese convert 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Life of Adoniram Judson" by Ed- ward Judson.

28th -Birth of Allen Gardiner 1794. 125th anniversary.

47

July 4th -Founding of the South American Missionary Society 1844. 75th anniversary.

4th -Comer stone of Robert College laid 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "My Life and Times" py Hamlin.

August 1st -Doctor John Kenneth Mackenzie called to treat the wife of Li Hung Chang 1879. 40th anniversary. See "John Kenneth Mackenzie" by Mrs. Bryson.

3rd-Dedication of the first Protestant church in Alaska at Fort Wrangell 1879. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Shel- don Jackson" by Stewart.

September 8th -Public burning of idols in Madagascar 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

October 17th -First party of missionaries sailed for Hawaii 1819. 100th anni,ersary. See "Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

24th -Baptism of Paton's first convert on Aniwa 1869. 50th an- niversary. See -"The Autobiography of John G. Paton"

November 3rd-Fisk and Parsons sailed for Palestine 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Fifty-three Years in Syria" by Jessup.

3rd-Doctor Clara Swain and Isabella Thobum sailed for India 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Eminent Missionary Wo- men" by Gracey. .

20th -Martyrdom of John Williams 1839. 80th anniversary.

See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field" by Walsh.

25th -Completion of Morrison's Chinese Bible 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Uplift of China" by Smith.

December 27th -Marriage of Robert and Mary Moffat 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat" by John Moffat.

(Note the number of medical missionary anniversaries-·Vander- kemp in March; Scudder in June; Mackenzie in A<ugust; Clara Swain in November.) m The Foreign Missions Conference will be held New Haven, Conn.

January 14th to 17th, 1919. The Home Missions Council will be held at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, N. Y. January 14th to 17th, 1919.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods o£ Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards BACK TO THE BIBLE T HERE was"a time when the only many who "have reached or are ap- available text-book for Mission proaching the state of the squeezed Study was the Bible, and when a lemon, whose work would glow with large part of the program of every a new light if they granted themmissionary meeting was Bible read- selves a daily leave of absence of ing. There is always danger in even an hour for research in that newly acquired wealth, and there are greatest of all missionary books-the among us those who in this sudden Word of God. In the busy rush and acquisition of text-books and pro- hurry of our missionary service we gram materials, are crowding the are prone to crowd out the commun- Bible entirely out of plans and pro- ion with God through His Words, grams, or are giving it scant place. without which our service is ashes. There are some who, in the multitude of new books to study, are finding "God never asks of us such busy labor no time for the study of the old As leaves no time for sitting at His feet."

Book. Missionary work would go forward A group of leaders at a conference with greater strides if missionary workers paused more often to get last summer were talking about the the Master's messages. lectures of one of the speakers who was one of the greatest professors At the Minnesota School of Misof one of our greatest universities. sions a speaker told the story of a For years they had recognized him professor who, worn by his work as a forceful speaker, but this year and the ceaseless coming and going he was speaking with compelling of the people who daily thronged his power and" irresistible appeal. One way, sought rest and solitude in a day one of the leaders lingered in quiet spot in Florida. One day when the class room and when he com- he supposed he was in a wilderness, mented on this fact the professor far from frequented ways, he was made answer: surprised to hear the strains of a banjo. As he followed the sound he "My university realized that I was came upon an old negro seated in the rapidly approaching the state of a forked limbs of a tree, giving an squeezed lemon, so they granted me a audience-less recital. year's leave of absence for study and research. I had planned to spend this "Why, uncle," said he in amazeyear in the universities of England. ment, "how does it happen that you When war conditions made that im- are playing your banjo away out possible I would not give up my here alone?" year of research. I stayed at home, but I spent the year in research in "It's this way, boss," said the old my own study, and have discovered man. "Sometimes I jes' has to get the New Testament." away from folks to serenade my own soul," and the professor knew he had In our missionary forces there are met a fellow traveler bent on a quest the same as his own.

49

Tennyson expressed the universal members, but the effort is made need when he said: worth while by the increased Bible study, and also by the increased at- "Solitude is the mother country of the tendance at the next meeting result- strong," ing from the calls.

as did also that other poet who said: Oftentimes a committee can use to advantage a book such as *"The "The nurse 0 f full grown souls is soli- Meaning of Prayer," by 'Harry tude." Emerson Fosdick, in connection with the study, getting as many members Many of us are missionary weak- as possible to buy a copy and follow lings who sorely need to journey the study by the topics there predaily into that mother country, or to sented. be ministered unto by that nurse who serves in the ante-room of the strong. Sometimes the committee may For 'tis but a step from solitude into present for study a different subject the presence of God who has prom- each month, giving to members the ised power to those in whom His passage to be read each day. Again, words abide. there may be months during :which the committee will select a verse for One has only to spend a few days each day, listing these verses on a in missionary conventions to be im- calendar pad for each member, with pressed with the hurried, rushing the request that the verse for the lives of many overworked, over- day be read and memorized at the wearied leaders. The Master's life very beginning of that day as a keywas full but it was never hurried. note which shall harmonize the lives No man ever filled days of service and labors of all the members even with measure more heaping, yet no though they work apart. Many man ever lived such a poised, un- Bible Study or Devotional Commithurried Iife. tees have thought that their work was done when the doxology was "Save me from the shame and sung at the regular meeting, but the weakness of a hurried life" their greatest opportunity is in folshould be the daily prayer of those low-up work, which makes Bible who long to follow along the way of study a part of every day's program His busy, unhurried days. in the life of each member.

A missionary secretary said re- Another opportunity is the securcently, "I am resolved never to sign ing of a good Bible teacher for a another letter 'yours hurriedly.' 1 special course some time during each am resolved not to be 'yours hur- year. Committees have been amazed riedly.' I will take time to live un- to find how many people will enroll hurriedly." for a course of Bible Study with a really good teacher, and some com- Who Leads the Wayi' mittees have made their annual week of Bible Study a week to which their The Bible Study Committee can members look forward from one year work wonders of transformation, not to another. Such a course on the only in the meetings but also in the Missionary Message of the Bible has individual lives of members by in- not only strengthened the faith of corporating plans for home Bible those already enlisted, but has constudy in each year's work. Clear verted many anti-missionary memoutlines giving the passages to be bers into loyal supporters. studied each day of the month should be written or printed on slips and The Bible in the Meetings distributed at the meetings. Absent members should be visited immedi- In some societies it is evident that ately. It requires some work to put the reading of a passage of Scripture these outlines in the hands of absent

1919J BEST METHODS

is regarded, not exactly as part of orize whole books of the Bible and the meeting but as a sort of opener even the entire New Testament, our necessary to the reaching of the real girls can memorize a single chapter table of contents. We "open with or passage." Bible reading and prayer," frequently as a mere formality before we pro- "One of the best Bible readings ceed with the study and the business we ever had was given by two of the day. There are those, how- women. It was announced 'Our ever, who .make the few mihutes Questions: God's Answers.' One devoted to Bible reading the keynote woman read a list of questions that to which the whole meeting is at- people frequently asktuned. Variety in presentation may be used to impress the message. The "Why should we send missionplans following are suggestive of aries?" "Will not the heathen be how the Sa.11le truths may be pre- saved anyway?" "How much shall sented in different ways: I give?" "How shall we secure mis- sionaries?" etc. The answers given "We always had a different woman as each question was asked were in lead our Bible readings at each meet- the form of direct Scripture quotaing. Then we varied the variety by tions. Such a form of Bible lesson uniformity for a season. One woman, could be given by two groups of whose life was hid with Christ, was girls, one group asking the questions asked to take as her special oppor- in chorus and another giving the tunity the preparation and presenta- answers." tion of a series of Bible studies which should be adapted to each meeting A lesson on "Their gods and our and form a vital and molding part God," not soon t.o be forgotten, may of the day's program. Her Bible be introduced by a woman or a numstudies were short, never going over ber of women in the costume of Inthe brief time allotted. They were dia, giving a description of the Godsimple, without any attempt at dis- dess Kali.* This followed by the play of her great learning. She came reading or reciting of a passage or from the presence of God to us with passages of Scripture which portray a message from Him in a way which the goodness, the love and the mercy made women determine they would of our God,· give us by contrast a. spend more time in Bible study and wonderful, new appreciation of our Father which art in heaven. prayer." "At one meeting a group of young TESTED TEXTS. The relating of the experience of some great misgirls recited the Scripture lesson. sionary in connection with a certain The memorizing of the beautiful text impresses both the story and the passage was a fine thing for the girls text on an audience. themselves, and their clear, earnest A woman who was asked to lead a tones delivered the message in a way devotional period at a cOhvention inthat made a deep and lasting im- troduced the Scripture lesson in this pression. This plan is excellent for a Scripture reading for a public way: meeting in a large auditorium. So "One morning a mother in Blanfrequently the Bible lesson is read by a woman whose voice reaches tyre, Scotland, roused her family at only the front seats. To have the five o'clock. They had been in bed passage clearly recited by a chorus only a few hOllrS, for the son had inof girls' voices led by some one in sisted on staying up all night on that the rear, who has a Bible in hand to last night he was to spend at home. assure absolute accuracy with no His mother insistently led him off to hesitation, is a welcome innovation. Surely when the girls of China mem- * The description of this goddess may be found in many books on India or may be secured from the editor of this de- partment, 2346 W. Grace St., Richmond, Virginia, by sending stamped envelope.

bed as she had done so frequently so unselfish and so inspiring that when he was a little boy. But when while other men sought great things the clock struck five on that memor- for themselves Henry Martyn 'forgot himself into immortal fame.''' able day of November 17, 1840, the mother called all her family. Then Another story which introduces a she put on the kettle and made the Bible lesson from the Psalms is from coffee. As they gathered for the Hans Egede's pioneer voyage to last time in their little family circle Greenland. He and his wife set sail a hush fell upon each heart. Then for that far-away, needy land on the father handed the Bible to his what their friends called a "crazy son and said, 'You read this morn- voyage" on a ship they named "The ing, David.' Hope." For a whole month they sailed about in Arctic waters in sight "David Livingstone's hands rested of the very land they were trying to reverently on that Book which car- reach. Although it was midsummer, ried his commission to go into darkest Africa, as he opened it to select great blocks of ice hemmed them in a passage to read as a parting mes- so they could find no passage-way to sage for each full heart. What should he read? With hopes and land. At last they found what_ fears surging through his own heart, seemed to be a splendid opening with the anxiety and loneliness that straight through. As the ship went might come to those left at home- through, suddenly great ice-bergs what should he read? He turned to closed in all around them. The cap- Psalm 121 and with its message of tain called out "All is lost!" And ever-present companionship he faced the sailors were frantic with terror. the heart of Africa." There was just one quiet, calm man on board. He was the missionary, A series of such texts with similar Egede, who repeated over and over introductions furnishes Bible lessons the fourteenth verse of the one hunfor a convention, for regular meet- dred and seventh Psalm: "He ings, for morning watch groups or brought them out of darkness and for family prayers. the shadow of death and broke their For a student meeting or a meet- bands in sunder."

ing of young people, Jeremiah 45 :5, With perfect trust in the God of with this introduction cannot fail to the Psalmist and his God, he looked impress those making decisions: out on those bands of ice fast clos- ing and prayed that God would break "A single Scripture verse which them in sunder. As the captain and changed the whole life of a man, sailors quaked in fear they could who in turn changed the life of mul- scarcely believe their eyes were not tiplied thousands is surely a Scrip- deceiving them when the icebergs ture lesson for a meeting of students. suddenly drifted apart, and "The When Henry Martyn was a student, he won highest honors in his college Hope" and all her passengers were course. He persistently put aside saved. the caIl that was frequently on his heart to enter the ministry, because The message of the "deathless of the dominating purpose which seven" is a Scripture passage that had taken possession of his life to should be better known. Captain become great in wealth and fame. AIlen Gardiner was not an ordained One day he read the fifth verse of mIssIonary. He was a commissioned the forty-fifth chapter of Jeremiah. naval officer. He made many jour- Over and over the words, 'Seekest neys to South America, and carried thou great things for thyself? Seek ever in his heart the great spiritual destitution of the people he there them not saith the Lord,' seemed to repeat themselves in his ears, until met. With a party of six other men, in he gave his life in missionary service, the year 1850, he sailed for Tierra

BEST METHODS

del Fuego. One of their two launches impressed by the rich blessing that was wrecked, but they went on. At came through the closing keynote. Picton Island, where they had .arranged for a relief ship to land, they With Eyes That See. buried bottles containing directions. White stakes with black crosses Bible study committees that make showed where the bottles were an opportunity survey will find that buried. In the bottles were notes undiscovered possibilities have been saying: "We are gone to Spaniard all around them, and that the bound- Harbor, which is on the main island. aries of a ten or fifteen minutes We have sickness on board; our sup- Bible study in a monthly meeting, plies are nearly out and if not soon which they had thought encompassed relieved we shall be starved." The their work, may be broadened to a days lengthened into weeks and yet field that is boundless. no vessel came. The supply of provisions grew smaller and smaller. In one church several women went Every day Capt!lin Gardiner wrote outside the membership to db what messages to his family and friends they could in promoting Bible study. and outlined a plan to conduct the One of the first calls was on a poor future of the mission for which he old woman who spent most of her knew he was giving his life. Then days entirely alone while her hushe wrote an "Appeal to British band was at his work. She was Christians in behalf of South Amer- sick and almost blind. When the ica." Twenty days after he wrote plap. for regular home Bible study his last message the relief ship came was presented to her she pointed and his body was found lying beside wearily to her eyes. his boat. All of that noble seven had starved to death in their effort "You see," said she, "I can't do it. to give the Bread of Life to South I'm so blind I can't see to' read." America.' On a rock the relief party saw a hand painted and be- Then the visitor saw another opneath it "Psalm 62 :5-8." That was portunity and proposed that her husthe message of trust this "deathless band should read to her at night, and seven" sent back to the world. that she would come back as often as she could to read aloud. The re- A CLOSING KEYNOTE. After the sult was a missionary victory, for program, after the business, just be- both this woman and her husband fore the members separate, a few were led back into the church from impress each member so that keynote which they had wandered far, and a from God's Word is sounded, may great reflex blessing came into the impress each member that that keynote life of the woman who brought the will sound in each daily life until blessing to them. the next meeting. We have regarded a devotional service as necessary for BIBLE STUDY IN A POLICE STAthe beginning of the program only. 'l'ION. "The most inspiring piece of Why not take a few moments at the extension work ever given me to do," closing of our conventions, and our testifies a missionary worker, "was monthly meetings for a devotional in securing Bible study among the thought? We go out from many police force of Atlanta, Ga. For session5"" wearied by our efforts to many days my heart had been bursolve difficult problems, sometimes dened with our neglect of the blueruffled by irritating discussions, in- coated men who guard our cities. stead of taking time to get together When I interviewed the Chief of with God ere we go. At a recent Police in regard to getting the men convention every member present was to promise to do regular Bible read- ing he said, 'You can't do a thing with them, but you are perfectly wel- come to try, if you don't mind being turned down.'''

"When I asked him to lead off by

giving me his name to head the list there. A godly woman, active in he shook· his head and promised with Sunday-school and missionary work, a feeling of perfect safety, 'Not now. immediately consented to take up this When you get the rest of the boys work, supported by her church. One I'll follow.' As I stood before the by one she visited the fire stations, three watches that day as they lined interested the men and placed the up in those strong blue lines, the in- Bible lessons based on the Internanate awe of uniformed authority was tional Sunday-school lessons in their swallowed up in a great longing to hands, as they promised to join' in be able to arm each one of these the study. men with the sword of the Spirit ere he went out to his day of duty ON THE STREET CARS. The~ and of danger. I told them that came a similar request from some there were some of us who wanted one who was interested in the street to add this other weapon to the car employees, and another from the equipment which the city of Atlanta Southern Railroad Shops. Truly furnished them. When I had fin- the work of the Bible Study Comished more than half of the men mittee looms big with opportunity. signed the card for regular Bible There is at least one large business reading and the surprised chief made house which takes thirty minutes of good his promise to join them. the regular working hours-not the time of its employees-to assemble "Jubilantly I went on into the de- everyone in the building, for Bible tective department. Every man tliere reading and prayer. If Christian save one promised to join us in reg- business men and women followed ular Bible reading. It was a great this example, how God's word would experience to be able to place on the be exalted! In other instances there desks of those detectives in unaccus- have been employed men and women tomed surroundings the Word of who have gathered together other God. employees before or after hours or at lunch hour for Bible reading and "One policeman said, 'Since I have prayer. been on the force you are the first person who has acted as if a police- INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR INDIVIDUman has a souL' ALS. The outstanding growth of ]1[0- lammedanism is due, not to the activ- "Another man said: 'I was walk- ity of a few aggressive leaders, but ing down Capitol Avenue one day to the fact that every follower of wearing my helmet with a civilian Islam is a missionary to carry the suit. A little boy rushed to his Koran wherever he goes. There are mother and yelled e'xcitely, 'Oh, many members of missionary sociemother! come see a policeman with ties who have never carried God's human clothes !' 'Sometimes I Word to a single soul. Part of the think,' added he, 'that people think work of the Bible Study Committee a policeman is just a uniform with- should be the distribution of Bibles out a human heart.''' -not in wholesale lots but personally by individuals to individuals. If THE: BIBLE AT THE FIRE STATIONS. every member of a church promised A mother who had two sons who to give at least one Bible or Testawere firemen, hearing of the Bible ment each year to some one who was reading among the policemen, asked not a Christian or to some Christian that a similar work be started at the who was not reading the Bible we fire-engine houses. We wondered would see a marked increase in spirit~ afterwards why missionary women uality as well as in numbers in our banded together to carry God's Word ranks. to the ends of the earth could pass our fire stations day after day without seeing the great opportunity

Says one worker who resolved to are talking much of all men being be on the lookout for individual op- free,there comes to us that great portunities for giving Bibles in the pronouncement on freedom, "Ye way they would mean most: "One shall know the truth and the truth day when we were crowded with shall make you free," as we face the work I 'phoned to a business agency greatest opportunity the church has for an extra stenographer. They ever had to give to a waiting world sent me a beautiful young Jewish the only Gospel of truth. girL As I dictated to her letter after letter concerning missionary AN AFRICAN DEMONSTRATION. work there came to me a feeling that if the winning of souls to Jesus HOW IT WAS DONE IN ONE SCHOOL. Christ were really the absorbing purpose of my life, I would not be The Editor-in-chief of the REVIEW is not able to let this girl go without mak- a theorist on'y but a practitioner as well, in the rea'm of missions. Here is ing an effort to win her. For sever- his story of how he took a Bible School al days she worked with us and on a journey to Africa. when she left she carried in her hand my parting gift which she ac- TAKING a whole Bible School cepted with thanks-a copy of the New Testament." , and their friends on a trip to Africa has proved to be a very Beyond all doubt there are mis- unique and satisfactory method of sionary offices in buildings in which putting an interest in African misthe elevator boy or girl has never sions into the hearts of the young been given a Bible by the busy work- people of the Upper Montclair, New ers who go up and down each day. Jersey, Presbyterian Church. There are students going away to college with no Bible. Even in some First, ten minutes each Sunday of our mission schools there are was given in all the classes for a brief study of the missionary textpupils who have never been given a book, "The Tribe of Zambe," by Bible. One mission study class of George H. Trull. Each teacher had young business women presented a this book, with another containing Bible to every student in the gradu- suggestions for teaching. Some also ating class of a school in Japan, and read one or more of the fascinating the following term they gave a Bible books by· Jean Mackenzie. The to every student entering. Superintendent spent five or ten min- utes at the close of each session giv- In appreciation of a quarter of a ing a demonstration of some fact million copies of the Scriptures dis- related to the study. One day it was tributed among the soldiers abroad, a geography lesson; another day, a General Foch sent this message to language lesson, etc. the American Bible Society : Second, each class was asked to "The best preparation that you prepare an exhibit consisting of can give to an American soldier go- scrap books (with maps and pictures ing into battle to sustail,1 his mag- of Africa), and models of African nificent ideal and his faith is cer- villages. These were made under tainly the Bible." the guidance of the teachers by the pupils at home. Some of the results Is not the best preparation that were clever and fascinating. A little you can give to a missionary soldier village of African huts, made of going forth to war to sustain his cardboard or bamboo or other maideal and his faith, that same Bible? terial, with palm trees, made of twigs and tissue paper, standing in And is not the best method of all molding clay; green blotting paper missionary methods the circulation for land and blue for water, with of the Bible?

In these reconstruction days when a world is being made over and we

small canoes on the bank; hammocks missionary physician. Suggestions made of raffia or twine were strung as to these scenes were taken from between two trees. An African cDDking pDt hung Dver a fire, and the missionary bDDks. A witch doc- SDme small black china dDlls were tDr came in with his head-dress, ratthe picaninnies. tle and medicine charm; sat outside of the hut in which the groaning A cDmmittee was appDinted to. pre- patient lay, and made remarks until pare a prDgramme fDr the SChoDl to. he discDvered where the pain was be presented at a special afternoon located. Then he left withDut havexhibit. This committee Df yDung ing benefited the patient. In CDnmen with their teacher secured the cooperation Df different classes to. trast, the second scene shDwed a give a live demonstratiDn Df the con- missionary physician and nurse in trasts between heathenism and Chris- their white costumes, cleansing ,and tianity in the African jungle. All binding up wounds and giving needthe parents and friends were invited ed medicine which brDught relief. and the rDDm was filled. A large The next two. scenes contrasted number Df curiDs were secured frDm the treatment of African WDmen and the FDreign MissiDn BDard. These children under an Arab slave raid cDnsisted of an African war drum; and under Christian teachers. Afrian African kettle; spears and battle can children (members Df the schDol axes; grass and bark cloth; witch dressed in simple cDstumes) sat Dn dDctDr's head-dress, rattle and medi- the flDDr, while some slave raiders cine; necklaces and bracelets, etc. came in stealthily, armed with battle First on the program, after sDngs axes, spears and whips, captured the and devotional exercises, came a map children, bDund them with chains talk. An outline map of Africa was and led them Dff to slavery. The hung before the schoo.l and the next scene shDwed an African schoDl speaker told briefly of the days of in which the children were being ignorance, when few people knew taught by a missiDnary teacher SDme anything abDut the interior of Afri- simple lessDns in sewing, hDusekeepca; and when tradition said that in ing, spelling, reading and arithmetic. some places men carried their heads These led up to. teaching about underneath their arms. He then "Zambe" (God), Dbedience to Him told of the place of Africa in the and reverence fDr His day. Sugges- Bible, and how Dnly abDut fifty years tiDns fDr these scenes 'were Dbtained ago. Christians' began to try in earn- from the Missionary EducatiDn est to' take the Gospel of Christ to Movement and from books on the Africans. When he mentioned Africa.

the founding of Presbyterian mis- For the closing scene all the chil- sions, an electric light was turned dren who. had taken part in the exon, shDwing the 10catiDn of those hibition gathered together into a grDup, while an African sermDn missions in West Africa. The plaHorm was arranged to from Miss Mackenzie's "An African represent an African scene. Palms Trail" was preached to them. This were hired from a florist. An Afri- sermon told how men had lost their can hut was built by some of the way and how Zambe had sent His boys with the use of a large crex Son to show men the way to Him mat. A missionary tent was put up when they were grDping about, not on the other side of the platform able to find Him.

and an African kettle was hung in The whole programme, with aP- the middle. propriate songs and prayers occu- The first two scenes contrasted the pied about one hour and a half. An treatment of a suffering patient by offering was taken up in each class an African witch doctor and by a for missionary work in Africa.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Representing the Council of Women for Home Missions.

THE NEW DAY IN CHRISTIAN have changed the status of the men AMERICANIZATION who went out from us as our "for- By Mary Clark Barnes eign-speaking soldiers." Every man of them who comes back will come I N July, 1918, this Bulletin gave a a genuine American, whatever he detailed account of the work be- was when he went out. He never ing done through various denomina- can return to his pre-war status. His tional boards for American soldiers, experiences in these past. months in camps and cantonments, whose have not all been of the trench, or faces were set toward the battle line the battlefield. The spectacular side over seas where the fate of nations of the soldier's life, occupied with'

hung in the balance. Today the air bullets, bombs and bayonets, has is charged with eager anticipation been mercifully limited in point of of the home-coming of more than time. It has dominated the horizon two million men who, having offered of our thought of him. It has given their lives for the supreme sacrifice, new color to his thought of life, of 'tave been spared to do their part in death and of the beyond. He is ;reating new efficiencies among the coming home a different man, a forces that make for righteousness larger man, than when he went away. and peace in the world.

It was a polyglot army that was mobilized among us in our nineteen What of His Home-Coming?

months of participation in the war.

Hundreds . of thousands of our The building of triumphal arches, "American" soldiers went into train- the organizing of processions, the ing camps so unacquainted with the blare of trumpets, the pealing of English language that they were un- bells, the pronouncing of eulogies, able to understand military orders. the presentation of medals, strains of At the command of the government music,-all these will be offered as they dropped the implements of natural expressions of a nation's their daily toil, put on the military gratitude for patriotic service nobly uniform and stood at attention for rendered. But the real home-com- the next order. For multitudes the ing of which every man is dreaming next order was, "Lessons in Eng- is to those who are closest of kin to lish," and that order, preliminary to him. Distance and time and inde- many other orders affecting the intel- scribable experiences have lent en- lectual, moral and spiritual welfare of chantment beyond any known before the men as well as their physical con- t? that constantly alluring anticipa"

dition, has been obeyed. The use of tlon.

mutually understood language, close What are American Christians do- comradeship with American-born ing to make possible the realization men, the .common sharing of common of the fond anticipations of our re- ·dangers in hazardous adventures, turning soldiers who have so recently equal participation in desperate en- been Americanized?

counters which have led to the vic- Shall they who have done their tory which the whole world cele- part in turning back the tide of bar- brates today-all these experiences barism, which threatened to over- 57.

whelm the world, comeback to find ment of Immigrant Education, sent that we who sleep in peace and comfort have failed to make common bulletins to the churches of our cause in common speech with their families left in the little foreign country containing the appeal, "Urge homes in America? each member of your organization to Yesterday discussion was heard of the merits of various definitions of act as 'a committee of one' to induce the term "Americanization." Occasionally some one ventured to en- one non-English-speaking immigrant quire whether a man might not be Americanized without acquaintance of your faith to learn English." with the English language. Whatever the need for response Yesterday was a long time ago by today's standards for measuring to this appeal two years ago, it is time. Yesterday was in the age of monarchies and despotisms. Today manifold greater today. However democracy beyond the dreams even of yesterday's visionaries promises great the need of those of our "own to encircle the globe. Today no one questions the imperative necessity religious faith," it is unspeakably in any nation that they who would preserve their national ideals must greater among those who have no be able to "think together,· speak together and act together for the com- religious faith; and they are many. mon good." Quick adjustment to develop:ng Acquiring the use of the English language is not all (If Americaniza- conditions is registered in the antion, but there can be ,_ A.mericanizaton without acquaintanw with the nouncement that one, at least, of our language of America. Mastery of the language is the master key which strong missionary Boards will require opens doors of interpretation, understanding and sympathy, making pos- henceforth the merging of foreignsible the removal of barriers and the "mutual giving and taking of 'contri- speaking with English-speakng butions from both newer and older Americans in the interest of the churches wherever practicable. It common weal." would be difficult to overestimate the Churches and denominational mis- value of this movement toward the sionary Boards have been pioneers in Americanization work. Until recent promotion of that unity which "deyears they have had almost a monopoly of organized efforts in that pends on community of language and direction. That the sympathetic attitude which expressed itself in pro- ideals." viding ministries for the foreigner in his own language, instead of provid- It is inevitable that hardship will ing for his immediate acquirement of the language of his adopted coun- result to many who must be affected try, has led to segregation rather than to assimilation is now generally rec- by the change. For that reason no ognized. More than two years ago the Bureau of Education of the effort should be spared by English- United States, through its Depart- speaking members of churches to demonstrate that Christian love and sympathy for our non-English-speak- ing people who are loyal and true are in no wise lessened through the sad experiences of these last four years.

Whatever may be done by Boards of education through classes in public schools, by chambers of commerce, by industrial plants and other or- ganizations, the churches have their own unique opportunity for render- ing unselfish personal service in teaching the language and the Christ- ian ideals of our country to the mil- lions among us who are ignorant of both. ' '.1'

Four States in the Union have made legislative provision for teach- ing English to adult foreigners, available only for those under twen- ty-one years of age. The ma- jority of illiterate foreigners among us have passed the age of twen- ty-one years. The most ilIiterat(

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

and at the same time the most neg- THE TUSCALOOSA CONFER- lected of all are the mothers of ENCE little children whose home cares pre- vent their regular attendance at pub- Christian interest and work on be- lic classes even in communities in half of the Negroes has received a which such classes exist. These renewed and powerful impulse be- mothers, "key women" of America's cause of the whole-hearted, loyal future, must be Americanized in devotion with which the young men their own homes, if at all. Many of of that race rallied to the service our newly Americanized soldiers will of our country in the great war. return to homes in which these con- The following report by Miss Eliza- ditions exist. Must their home-com- beth Preston Allan, will therefore be ing reveal to them that American wo- read with thrills of pleasure and men, whose men have been their thanksgiving, presenting as it does comrades in battle, have left foreign- a pattern worthy to be copied wher- born women bereft and alone, with ever opportunity is favorable to the no broader outlook on life than be- holding of similar conferences. fore these days of miracles began? Deeply interesting and inspiring The time is short, but much may was the Third Annual Conference of . yet be done before all our soldiers Colored Women held at Stillman In- can return. It is a time for quick stitute, September 21-28, under the decision and prompt action. We auspices of the Women's Auxiliary have learned to "speed up" in work of the Southern Presbyterian church. for good causes. It is recorded that five million American women have The enrollment of delegates from been knitting and making surgical a distance was more representative dressings in the last year. If each than ever before. They came from of three out of every five will adopt twenty-five towns, in eleven states, one new neighbor and teach that from Virginia to Louisiana, from neighbor to speak, read and write Tennessee to Florida, and this was the English language as patiently, as the widest field we have drawn persistently, as the knitting has been from. done, our newly Americanized sol- diers will return to homes in which The delegates and colored leaders mutual understanding and sympathy were entertained at Stillman Insti- may enoble and sanctify the family tute and the Salem Presbyterian (colored) church of Tuscaloosa life. where evening meetings were held. Let every church have its League The dominant note of the Confu- of Neighbors including American- ence was struck by Mrs. Winsbor- born with foreign-born members on ough in her opening address on Ser- a basis of perfect equality. Let the vice–not merely "social service," returning soldier find his nearest of though that received due notice, but kin registered there and sharing in sharing with others every blessing, neighborly service. His place of en- larging companionship and friendship fir spiritual first of all, and then mat~ outside of his own home will be with the Neighbors League of the rial, which we ourselves have church which has neighbored his family while he has been doing his ceived. share of Good Samaritan service' for The central hour of the day was suffering nations of the world. given to the Bible, and it was in- Suggested programs and other helps may deed a joy to lead such eager, re- may be secured from sponsive hearers in this highest of all studies. The lessons adapted THE NEIGHBORS LEMmE OF AMERICA, themselves to the aim of the Con- ference—uNot for self only, but for 156 Fifth Avenue, New York others," and several blackboards were filled every "day with simple analyses, suggestions and illustra-

tions, which were eagerly transferred sano." The proper care of the baby to the delegates' note books for fu- and growing child was emphasized and illustrated, and many other ture use. Mrs. W. E. Hinds, wife points of home hygiene taught.

of Dr. Hinds, of the Alabama Poly- One' of the delegates was coached technic Institute, brought a message for the part of an ignorant patient, each morning before the Bible hour and we had a thrillingly interesting of threefold import, intensely religi- demons'tration of a nurse's visit to ous, intensely practical, intensely '''ch a one If it had not been so patriotic; just what aU women are pathetically true, it would have been needing today. hugely amusing. Then a precious baby was borrowed from one of our Our colored women are ready to white friends, who lent himself with' be interested in parliamentary law. joyous unconsciousness as an object They listened intently to Mrs. G. B. lesson of "how to bathe baby." Fin- ally our gifted nurse took two chairs, Shawhan, of Alabama, a past master a pillow and a sheet, and presto! the in the art of expounding dramatic- chairs entirely disappeared, leaving ally what might be considered a dry in their place a snowy comfortable subject. There are going to be a crib. number of meetings run in a more business like and therefore more There were daily lessons in Doefficient way among our colored mestic Science, Food Conservation, churches because of Mrs. Shaw- etc. And at one of the evening 'meetings we had a charming talk han's teaching. on the women of Korea, by Miss The most popular class of the Con- Emily Winn of Korea, who was beautifully dressed in a Korean ference was the sewing class. Mr. gown, veil and decorations. John Little generously allowed us to borrow the services of the efficient I can, only mention one other and successful teacher of sewing of speaker: Mrs. Booker Washington the Louisville Presbyterian Colored was the most notable of the Confer- Mission. The delegates crowded ence speakers. One feels the influher class, .and even the visitors ence of her husband in her strong, begged for entrance, partly because helpful, practical messages; in her of women's interest in women's simple, unpretending dignity too; work; partly because the teacher and in her keen and ready wit. had such a winnnig way with her. And this class bore the most quickly In my humble opinion, the most harvested fruit; four women being inspiring influence to every woman pledged to start church or commun- there was not the carefully prepared ity sewing classes immediately; teaching of the white leaders, good others hoping to do so a little later and helpful though that was, but the revelation of what these colored woon .. men were doing, and trying to do for Stereopticon pictures of the Lou- the welfare of their people.

isville Colored Mission, from its They were teaching children who small beginning to its present splen- otherwise would have been forever did usefulness, were shown to a untaught'; running private hospitals; crowded and sympathetic churchful managing orphanages, doing Comof the colored people of Tuscaloosa. munity service, and as pastors' wives, on an invisible salary, keeping Tuskegee sent for two days Mrs. up the religious health of their par- Bryce, their trained nurse, who pre- ishes, besides raising- their own famsented in a most dramatic and tell- ilies and helping all the mothers in ing manner the right of every baby to be well born, and the all-too-uni- reach to raise theirs! versal conditions in poor and ignorant homes (white as well as colored,) which fight against baby's chance for the "mens sana in corpore

FROM MANY

FACTS FROM THE WORLD FIELD think all Americans are like mission- aries. Some StartHng Statistics He says of China: "Every Ameri- T HERE are about 2,400,000 blind can missionary is unconsciously a people in the world. Egypt leads representative of American trade, beall other nations with 1,325 to every cause he usually lives far inland 100,000 of her population. India where the foreigner interested in has 600,000, China 500,000, Japan business never goes, and every article 100,000, the United States 100,000. of foreign production that the mis- In a recent year England had 174,000 sionary purchases in the homeland insane people, 93,000 of whom were and brings out to China encourages women. Ireland had 24,000 and his Chinese friends to purchase sim- Scotland 17,000. In 24 years 90,000 ilar articles. For this reason the allinsane persons were admitted to the too-well-developed tendency among a insane institutions .of Paris. The certain class of American foreign strenuous life of the United States trade representatives to ridicule. and places us in the lead of all nations. belittle the work of missionaries is We have 400,000 insane and feeble- not only the height of ignorance but ninded people. Massachusetts heads a real knock at American ideals, for ,he list with 344 insane persons out if we are to think only of selling of every 100,000. We are doubling goods to other nations we will never the roll of our insane every 16 years. get very far as a world power. If If the present rate continues, by the I were an American business man I year 2301 there will not be a sane would see that every American misperson in the United States. This sionary in China was supplied at conclusion is based on the increase in least once a year with a copy of my the last 40 years. The poverty of the world is so great that 500,000,000 latest catalogue in order that he of our race sleep on dirt floors. In might have occasion to encourage or India there are 60,000,000 who do not know where their breakfast will advise one of his Chinese friends as be found. Twenty million have starv- to the purchase of a sewing machine, ed to death in that country in the an automobile, a gasoline engine, or last 25 years, and 1,400,000 children perhaps a pair of American-made die of starvation every year. shoes." -United Presbyterian. Interdenominational Missions "{'he Missionary a Trade Fwctor T HOSE who wish to contribut( T HE value of the missionary as a toward missionary work along promoter of commerce has often union or interdenominational lines been pointed out. A new statement is found in a recent article in may reach almost any corner of the- Printer's Ink by J. B. Powell, who also gives an interesting reason why earth with their gifts. The follow- American firms should exercise great care in the choice of foreign-trade ing is a list of some of the non-derepresentatives, namely that for the last fifty years America has led the nominational evangelical missionary world in the number of missionaries sent out and the natives, who have agencies: . seen no other foreigners, are likely to AFRICA: Africa Inland Mission.

North Africa Mission.

Nile Mission, Preso, Cairo.

South Africa General Mission: Sudan Interior Mission.

Sudan United Mission.

Egypt General Mission.

Nile Mission Press.

JI

CHINA: China Inland Mission. ian, Charlemagne and Alfred." In Christian Literature Society. nearly every part of the British Em- pire provision is made for children INDIA:· Indian Christian Mission. to learn the ten commandments dur- Zenana Bible" and Medical Mis- ing school hours. In South Africa, sion. Cape of Good Hope, Bible reading is required in the public schools, and LATIN AMERICA: Evangelical Union the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third of South America. Psalm and the ten commandments Inland South America Mission. are committed to memory. The Central American Mission. same is true in the Transvaal. West- ern Australian school regulations JAPAN: Japan Evangelistic Band. read "Scripture teaching is allowed GENERAL: Scripture Gift Mission. and the Ten Commandments are memorized." The Salvation Army. British and Foreign Bihle So- When one compares these customs with the lack of Bible teaching and ciety. the recognition of God in public American Bible Society. schools of the United States the con- American Christian Literature So- trast is not encouraging.

ciety for Moslems. Suuday-Schools Gain In 'Foreign Fields Woman's Union Missionary So- DURING the past year the 8,257 ciety. Methodist Episcopal Sunday- The Mission to Lepers. . Schools on the foreign field have World's Sunday School Associa- had a total enrollment of 379,363. All the fields report a definite gain, tion. but in India the progress is the most Soldiers' Christian Association. marked. Not a single Sunday-school in India shows a loss in any partic- Upturn 'l'raJllc Reviving ular; instead, the total gain is 682 schools and 14,656 pupils. REV. E. W. THWING, Secre- tary of the International Reform In the Philippines a growing teach- Bureau, writing from Bangkok, Siam, ers' training movement characterizes says that the curse of opium is flour- the work. During the period of ishing there. Millions of dollars are 1915 to 1918, when there has been received annually from its revenue. special supervision of this field, a Many public opium dens are also to gain of eighty-five per cent was made be seel'! on the streets of Singapore, in the Methodist Sunday-schools of and the government there realizes a the Islands. large revenue from its sale. From Singapore, opium is being smuggled Affairs of Zion into China. Word comes from Egypt that large fields of opium have been AMERICAN Jews are taking the pl~nted th~re; in ~orea it is being lead in plans for the political Widely cultivated thIS year and India policy and control of the proposed produces great quantities of it and Jewish Republic of Palestine. At an is seeking a market. This letter is executive conference in which Justice a startling revelation at a time when Brandeis and other Jewish leaders it seemed that this evil was a thing took part, three million dollars was of the past. asked for the construction of three great harbors on the Mediterranean, Public Schools and the Decalogue for rebuilding ruined towns and the forestation of the land. This sum is NEW ZEALAND public schools to be raised by a personal tax upon are to be supplied with charts every member of the Zionist organicontaining the ten commandments, zation in America, the first national which, as Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts asserts, are "the basis of our civil, as well as our moral and religious life, the decalogue being the. very corner- -;tone of the great codes of Justin-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tax Imposed' upon Jews in 2000 grof).ps in the homes of the foreign years. people themselves; Five million dolla. J is also being 2. Introducing fine American wo- raised for the Jews in Russia. A men to old-country women who are Hebrew congress met in Philadel- eager to know what real American phia in December to discuss the womanhood stands for; future of Jews in the world. 3. Opening centers for friendli- In spite of chaotic conditions in ness, advice, information and pro- Russia the Zionists of that country tection; have already collected 25 million 4. Cooperating with relief agen- rubles for the work of building up cies abroad in tracing the broken this new· state which is to be called families of refugees from Poland Judea. All of the 8000 Jewish sol- and Russia, and connecting them diers now in Palestine are pledged with relatives in America; to remain as a nucleus of a national 5. Protection against the exploi- army and there are, it is said, 50,000 tation of foreign women in munition American Jews in Egypt on their factories; way to join them. 6. Frinting literature in what- It is interesting to find that there ever languages are needed which will has been a run on the stock of the further the education of foreign American Bible Society, by Jewish women.

purchasers, showing that an interest has awakened in the Old Testament National Prohibition July 1st prophecies of their native land. ON November 21st President Wilson signed the Emergency NORTH AMERICA Agricultural Appropriation Bill, with Missionary Administration its legislative rider providing for na- PROBLEMS of admini:;tra'tlOn tional prohibition from next July 1, were the most prominent feature until the American Army is demobof a meeting of the Commission on ilized.

Missions of the American Board Secretary Daniels was one of those which met at Hartford, Conn. It who favored the bill on account of was reported that of every dollar ex- the fact that after sale of intoxicants pended for missionary work only ten around naval establishments had been cents is required for maintaining stopped, the output of the workmen executive and publicity departments, increased.

the remaining ninety cents being de- Unless the Presidential proclama- voted to direct missionary .efforts. tion under the Food Control act' is A recommendation was made to rescinded, the prohibition amendment establish a retiring age for officials will affect only the manufacture of of the various Boards at sixty-eight wine, for the brewing of all beer for men and sixty-five for women. ceased on December 1 under the A study of relations between national President's proclamation. The man- and state missionary organizations ufacture of whiskey was stopped was also made, as well as the ques- soon after the nation entered the tion of higher education under war. Under the amendment the church auspices. manufacture of wine will cease next For Foreign Women in America May. The United States may be dry by THE War Work Council of the National Board of Young Wo- constitutional amendment less than two years hence. In January or men's Christian Associations has February of 1920, it is believed that been working for non-English-speak- the prohibtion amendment to the ing women along the following lines: Constitution will go into effect.

1 Teaching English in small A tabulation makes plausible the

assertion that the United States will in the new department of the Cen- be bone-dry within two years: tenary, entitled War Emergency and Dry States……………….. 27 Reconstruction. President William Weamt eSntdamteesntwIh.ic.h…h.a.v.e…r.a.t.if.i.e.d 5 A. Shanklin, of Wesleyan Univers- ity, is Chairman and Bishop Theo- Wet States electing legislatures in dore S. Henderson, Executive Secre- 1918, with a majority of popu- tary.

lation dry………………. 3 The Bishops have approved the addition of $5,000,000 to the Cent- Total ………………… 35 enary requests to meet the demands That makes a total of thirty-five of this emergency.

States, one less than the necessary The work of the new department three-fourths of the States to secure is divided among three Bureaus: ratification. But look at the reserves 1. War Emergency, to continue in the way of wet States from which the work of the War Council as re- the prohibition amendment can draw: lated to the Army and Navy, and California, Connecticut, Illinois, Ne- the war production centers.

vada, New York, Ohio, Penn~ylvania, 2. Reconstruction Work at Home, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Wyoming. which will concern itself with the Can anyone doubt that in those ten returned soldier, his education or re- States at least one can be found education, the care of orphans, etc.

which will join in ratification? 3. Reconstruction Work Abroad A College Course tor Church Workel'li which includes the relief of immedi- CHURCH problems as a course of ate suffering, the restoration of study is now offered the students property, the care of orphans, the at Cornell University. This new de- extension of schools and chu·rches partment is made possible by a gift wherever opportunity offers. of $50,000 from Dr. J. E. Johnson, an alumnus, to endow a chair for WeUare Work for Negroes Practical Christianity, "for the teaching of the principles to all the rela- WHEN the representatives of the tionships of life in each succeeding American Chain Company of generation throughout all time." Virginia were prospecting with the idea of establishing a million-dollar This year the course is being con- plant near Norfolk they were advised ducted by Prof. R. N. Miller who is not to employ Negroes on the ground giving a course in Rural Sociology; that they are unreliable, shiftless and one in Urban Sociology, with special indifferent. It was claimed that they reference to church problems in are unwilling to work more than country and city, and a course on three days a week if they can thereby the Church and the Community, in earn enough to satisfy their immediwhich will be considered the points ate wants. Before reaching a deof contact the church may make with CISIOn in the matter a conference community life. Supplementary ad- was called with several of Norfolk's dresses are given by outside leaders. public-spirited Negro citizens, among There is of course no doctrinal teach- them a successful physician who ing in these studies and they might argued that each employee be CQmmore truly be termed sociological pensated just in proportion to his· than religious. They are good so far service, while the employer must give as they go, but need the Christian a return commensurate with the motive and goal to make them pro- service he has a right to expect. "If ductive of permanent results. a man lives in an unsanitary house, and is only a day ahead of the bill Methodist Reconstl"lllction Work collector," said this doctor, "what real :notiv~ c~n .he have for being The National War Council of the anythmg but mddrerent toward his Methodist Church has been merged employer's interests ?" Largely

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

through the persuasion of this pro- cle on "The Lumberjack's Need," ap- gressive physiCian the employment of peared in the November Review, Negroes as chain makers was at- suffered heavy loss from this disas- tempted as an experiment. It has trous fire. His home, library and proved a notable success because of valuable manuscripts were destroyed, the disposition of the company to and he and his family only escaped provide every facility for making by taking refuge in a well. His the living conditions of employees mother and a four year old daughter satisfactory. A well-equipped, mod- died as a result of injuries received.

ern dormitory is provided, with re- A Home tor Students In Salt Lake Cit)' creational and educational facilities, A but the outstanding feature of the MERICAN Methodists, as one part of their Centenary Procompany's attitude is its concern for the health and moral welfare of its gram, have secured a site in Salt workers. The workers themselves Lake City on which they plan to . have organized a club for social, build a church and student house to literary and religious development, meet the needs of Christian students and frequently invite speakers to attending the University of Utah, address them. Their fine spirit and .and the Mormons who have broken devotion have a wholesome influence away from Mormonism.

in the community.-The Southern Methodist General Oonference In Oanada Workman. THE quadrennial meeting of the Forest Fi1'es In Minnesota Methodist General Conference T ENS of millions of dollars dam- in Canada was held last November age, more than a thousand peo- in Hamilton, Onto This Conference ple burned to death, dozens of towns is the highest authority for united wiped out, and whole forests reduced Methodism in Canada, Newfoundto ashes, was the terrible toll of the land and the missions under its difires which spread over Northeast rection. It is composed of about Minnesota last October. four hundred delegates, both min- isters and laymen. Duluth was threatened by the fire from two directions and was saved A striking feature of the recent only by a sudden shift of the wind. conference was the decided radical- The Duluth Red Cross opened the ism of the delegates from western Armory, secured the churches and Canada in matters relating to de- nominational activities and methods. the court house, and commandeered One phase of this was the proposal all the private automobiles in the city. to admit women to equal privileges with men in every sphere of church All the organizations in the State life, including the ministry. This worked together with the most per- resolution failed to get the necessary fect harmony and efficiency. The two-thirds majority, but in all other result was an organization for relief respects women were accorded the same privileges as men. of fire sufferers which has hitherto never been equaled in time of dis- Work Among Mexicans In TeIaB aster. Cooperation by the religious forces of Minnesota helped very ma- M terially in making the work of the EXICANS have been pouring into Texas in a steady stream Red Cross effective. The loss of life will never be during the last few years. It is esti- known. The fire burned with such mated that there are now 600,000 of intensity that in some places whole them, and they are still coming. A acres of forests were reduced to black few years ago people in the United ashes. States were lamenting the fact that Rev. Thomas D. Whittles, the the new Mexican constitution seemed Presbyterian missionary whose arti- to put insuperable barriers in t1.4

way of missionary work in that LATIN.AMERICA country. Now the difficulty is swept away by the people coming to us, and Progress in Cuba more work at less cost can be done than by sending missionaries into T HE year 1917-1918 has been Mexico. It is much easier to induce marked by unusual activity in the people to attend services, now the Cuban missionary field. Rev. that they are freed from. the domi· Ezequiel Torres conducted an evannance of their priests and the old gelistic campaign lasting three months superstitious atmosphere. One in- and the results have been far-reachcentive for earnest work among them ing, particularly in Placetas, where a is that many will return to Mexico, campaign has since been launched to and will carry with them the im- secure funds for the purchase of a pressions received. building site, and, if possible, the erection of a church building. The Japanese in America outstanding feature of the campaign in Caibarien was the conversion of ONE hundred thousand Japanese the town's wealthiest citizen. Many are now living in the United in the political and business circles States; all but five thousand in the are becoming believers or sympath- Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast izers. districts, and nearly a hundred thousand more in Hawaii. By agreement The educational work is literally of the Japanese Government, immi- clamoring for equipment and teachgration is now rigidly limited to ers. In Cardenas, the income rewives and children of previous im- ceived was sufficient to pay the salmigrants, and to students, teachers ary of a missionary and ten native and merchants. teachers, meet all incidental expenses and boast a deposit of $400 at the One-sixth of the Japanese here are end of the year. In other centers native-born Americans. Many of proportionate results were equally those who come from Japan would marked. welcome the opportunity to be naturalized. They admire Washington The Earthquake In Porto Rico and Lincoln, and are anxious to learn the language and the ideals of T HE severe earthquake which their adopted country. wrought such damage in Porto Rico on October 11th, in no way Hard-working, ambitious, progres- injured the mission buildings of the sive, they are rapidly adapting Protestant Episcopal Board in Maythemselves to the social and moral ae-uaz. They are still firm and instandards of America. More than tact. A great deal of damage, howhalf of them are farmers and farm ever, was done to St. Luke's Hospilaborers. They have efficient social tal, Ponce, and it will require $6,000 organization and aggressive leader- to make repairs. This is the hosship, scarcely equaled by any other pital which was built by Bishop Van group of the newer immigrants. Buren some years ago and has since been enlarged. A most promising There are seventy-eight Japanese work is carried on there, and friends Christian churches in the United of Porto Rican missions are most States, with fifty-two hundred mem- anxious to make the necessary rebers; also a strong interdenomina- pairs immediately, and reinstate the tional missionary organization, large- work which has had to be discon- Iv supported by Japanese themselves, tinued for the time being. for supporting- and exterMing the workof their churches on the Pacific Some of the mission buildin~s of Coast. Many Christian papers and the Presbyterians were injured and I agazines in Japanese are edited by the Baptist seminary in Mayaguaz the pastors and. widely circulated. was thrown down.

-The American Missionary.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reaction Toward SpirUllality in Pera children, and are fast becoming the dominant power in the land, both in "ANEW spiritual tendencv is now numbers a'nd influence. Colombia is to be noted among the thinkers the great Jewish republic of the near future. of Peru," says Dr. Webster E. Browning, educational secretary of Chile is as long as from New Yor': the Committee on Cooperation in to San Francisco and as narrow as Latin America. When Dr. Brown- Lake Erie-truly a "shoestring reing arrived in Peru the first thin!S public." She is squeezed tightly behe did was to dedicate a chapel. He tween the mountain range and the was warned that the Catholics might coast. Her cities look up to thf' create a disturbance, but nothing c' hills and down to the sea, with, a, the kind happened and a few days Arthur Ruhl puts it, "the Andes later one of the local papers gave hanging like a beautiful drop-curtain space to a write-up of the dedication, at the eastern end of every street." the article beginning as follows: Chile contains twenty-four province~. "Pastor Browning, inventor of fam- and the largest province is big enough ous pistols, inaugurated the new to hold all Pennsylvania, Vermont, chapel." Rhode Island and Massachusett~. The Chileans are the Yankees of Dr. Browning met many of the South America, aggressive, keen, educated and influential men of Peru, making fortunes from nitrate, erectand testifies to their eagerness to ing a chain of wireless stations from discuss philosophic and religious the near-tropical north tip of the problems on every occasion. One Chilean "shoe-string" to the Antarcman of vast wealth, grandson of the tic south tip, and preparing for Panfirst president of Peru and a leader ama trade by expending twelve milof the aristocracy, gave over three lion dollars on port and dock imhours' time to an earnest conversation provements. with Dr. Browning on matters of religion, and he was particularly EUROPE well-informed. Plans for Post-War Evangelism Another notable that received Dr. Browning was the Minister from N extensive evangelical move- Ecuador, who said to him: "I am A men'· is planned for France and delighted to hear that there is even. a Belgium with the cooperation of possibility of your opening evangeli- Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran, cal work in Ecuador, and I promise Baptist and Reformed churches. The my personal help at once so far as I first step taken looks toward the can give it, and the help of my raising of $300,000 to reconstruct friends in Quito, to whom I shall and re-establish Protestant churches take pleasure in recommending you. in those countries, and to aid the Such work if properly carried on churches until they can become selfwould mean the salvation of my supporting. Following this, similar country, especially of the vouth of work is to be done in Italy, Russia the land. Let me know if I ':an be and other countries concerned in the of service." war.

Chile and Colombia A Remarkable Bible Class COLOMBIA is twice as large as FIFTY years ago a layman started Spain, and many times as prom- a Bible class in a humble kitchen ising. The most progressive ele- in Rutherglen, Scotland. A dozen ment in Colombia is not the Spanish years afterwards it was transferred, population, or the natives, but a J ew- at the request of the minister and ish people called Antioquians who session, to the W«,;st United free have Old Testament names, raise Church, where it still meets on Sunfamilies of from twelve to thirty day afternoons. The mf'mbership is

700, and the founder still conducts some trade that would restore them it with aU his first enthusiasm and to the rank of breadwinners. Men energy. Many thousands of lads and without legs, men without arms or girls have come under his influence. hands, men whose throats have been He has molded for good the lives shot through and who can never of countless individuals. Who can again speak above a whisper, men estimate the value of the service with arms minus elbow joints-all which this Christian man has ren- stages and varieties of deformitiesdered to his community and to the flocked to him to learn some new cause of Christ? His name is Sam- work or to be taught how to do their uel T. Baker. former work handicapped as they were. M. Chastand is at once a -Presbyterian Witness. religious and mechanical genius, without anxiety as to patent rights, The Salvation Army in France and he has invented startlingly origi- nal appliances to supply deficiencies THE Salvation Army has backed of nerve and muscle, as well as up the heroism and sacrifice of laboring week after week to meet the soldiers in France by deeds of the spiritual needs of all. His school loving ministry. soon attracted the attention of the government, however, and it pre- First of all, the Salvation Army is sented M. Chastand last year with rendering a service to the wounded, $50,000, so that the school could with the help of thirty-five ambu- move into an adequate plant from lance cars sent to France by General the former crowded and inconvenient Booth. Already they have carried quarters. over 100,000 wounded men. – We all know how at home the The Outlook for the Czecho·Slovaks uniform of the Salvation Army stands for something very clear and HISTORY will reveal how crucial definite in the realm of religion. At has be.en the aid of the Czechothe front the same holds good. Slovaks in winning the war. Picture them trekking across Russia and Si- Those sent out by the Salvation beria, an army in tatters, their feet Army are uniformly converted Chris- bound up in rags; eighty per cent tian men and women, and in addi- of them university men; carrying a tion to humanitarian work they are library for each company and pubdoing their very best to keep up lishing a daily paper of eight pages the salvation end, and to point men during their "anabasis"! living on dogs, cats and frogs, and even eating to Tesus ·Christ. the grounds of their coffee, they nevertheless kept inviolate the prop- In the huts the Salvation Army erty of every village as they marched. workers have, perhaps, their largest Then forcing their way to Vladivoopenings for demonstrating the prac- stok, they captured the Siberian railtical value of Christianity. Weary way, and even sent armies to the and footsore, caked with mud, Western and Italian fronts. Now stained with blood, soaked often to the they are reaping the fruits of their very bone, the _ soldiers cross the sacrifices. Their independence has threshold of the Salvation Army been recognized, their National huts knowing that there they will Council organized and a President meet with the kindliest of -welcomes; chosen, Prof. T. G. Masaryk, who knowing, too, that hot tea and well- was at one time associated with one cooked food awaits them, and that of the Moravian Mission parishes in any service which they may require Bohemia. will be cheerfully rendered if it is in human power to give it. A memorable event took place on October 26th in Independence Hall, For Handicapped Soldiers THE director of the McAlI Mis- I sion at Nantes, France, M. Chastand, started a school for mutilated soldiers, where they could learn

NEWS FR':::M MANY LANuJ

Philadelphia,. and however authorita- the suggestion is being openly dis- tive it may prove to be, there is no cussed from the highest political mo- question of its sentimental value. A tives, and not merely in connection platform of democracy, framed by with Zionism. The considerations representatives of eleven mid-Euro- urged are those pointed out thirty pean peoples under the leadership of years ago in connection with Ameri· the Czecho-Slovaks, was signed in can educational, philanthropic and the room where our immortal De- missionary institutions in the Otto- claration of Independence was sign- man Empire; we were completely ed. Sitting in the chair in which outside the political intrigues and John Hancock sat when he signed jealousies of Continental Europe, the Declaration, Prof. Masaryk at- we had complete' separation of tached his name to the document.· Church and State, we were too far Then followed the ringing of a new away to entertain any designs UpOI Liberty Bell, cast for the occasion, Turkey's territory. British say th,,>!

to be taken later to Europe and Americans are the ideal missionar- treasured, probably in Prague. Their ies for Turkey.

great danger is from the spread of "Is it in God's plan that now tIt atheism and materialism. United States is to serve both the M;OSLEM LANDS people of the Holy Land, the Allied Armies and Distress in Syria nations, and God's ancient and Chosen People the Jews, ·through AMEMBER of the Presbyterian some responsible.connection with Mission in Syria describes one that country at the eastern end of aspect of the war in that unhappy the Mediterranean, the Keystone land: Land of the world?" "Twice Syria and Palestine were swept clean of men and animals; Descendants or the Crusaders? twice the Turkish armies were driven across the sands of the desert; and AWOMAN missionary in Arabia twice they returned, broken and dis- gives this interesting account of comfited, adding to the sorrows and the Sulibis, a queer, gypsy-like tribe, awful distress of the dwellers in the living beyond the Bedouin encamp- Holy Land. Among the pitiful pre- ment outside of Kuweit. "They parations for these two expeditions are not Muslims and are despised by was the collection in Syria of all the Bedouins as unbelievers, beggars the empty oil tins and burlap bags; and thieves. Their origin is not very the ·tins to carry water over the clear; they may be descendants of desert, and the bags for wheat and the Crusaders. They tell us that our food for the mules and camels. The grandfather and theirs were brothtins were then to be used in the ers, and that they are therefore our crossing of the Suez Canal in making sisters. They say that they are of our possible rafts and pontoons, and the religion, the religion of the Crucified jags were, if necessary, to be filled One, but when questioned they do with sand and finally to be used in not know anything about Him. They building a causeway." ask us to teach them, to give them white dresses, and food, and money, America and Palestine because we are their sisters. The desire for food and coppers is gen- REV. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, erally greater than that for re- D. D., says that when he was ligious teaching, and questions about in London he was "surprised to· hear, dress and customs interrupt every in circles that were authoritative, that attempt to teach them, but, we trust the American Government might be that the Holy Spirit working in their asked to assume a sort of protector- hearts will in time cause them to ate over Palestine; but now that we hunger and thirst after righteous- must sit at the Peace Conference, ness, till they learn once more to

b~lieve in Him whose name they ~oing over the titles and general sub- claim to bear (crucified and Sulibis Ject matter of all the books. The are of the same root or derivation in prin~ipal ~ersian merchant bought a Arabic) and receive from Him in Persian Bible. Gospel portions form place of the stunted, wretched lives the bulk of the Scripture sales.

they .live at present, the abundant There is absolute freedom of speech life that He is ready to give them." in the shop and the colporteurs de- The Gospel and the Moslem MInd c.lare they can say anything they WHAT might be called a labora- like. There are three kinds of peo- tory study of the reaction of the Moslem mind to Christian teach- ple who visit the shop first, those ing, in order to determine how the Cospel may best be presented to who come merely to argue and show Mohammedans, was made in a mis- o'Yfif~1 their le~amrnainnyg; second those who talk subject' except re- sionary hospital in Arabia, and is !JglOn, which they refuse to cdoimsceusts~' '(~ported by Paul W. Harrison in the and third, those who really ) .oslem World. learn what our religion is. The arguers are easily in the majority. There are from fifteen to twent) "The plan was to have some as- regular frequenters of the shop outpect of the Gospel presented to each side of those who come to read the patient, in a personal, friendly way, Arabic newspapers and to look at every day, and to have the results the war pictures in the Illustrated cf every such interview recorded. London News. At the end of the year, the records '

were studied and the results tabulated, INDIA The Gospel was presented in various The Woman's Movement T ways. What might be termed the HE woman's movement in the East owes its initiation to Chris dogmatic presentation was attempted; the parables were arranged in an tian teaching. Christian educaton order of a sort, and the Gospel pre- have opened the eyes of Indian leadsented by means of them. Records ers to the fact that Christ is the of all these personal interviews , source and head of aJl that advance- '.':2re kept, and it could not be said ment they are striving to attain, and that anyone of them seemed espe- everywhere enlightened members of cially suited to the Moslem mind. Hindu society are alive to the ad- vantages of educating their women. Courteous, somewhat bored atten- In writi~g to an English friend, the tion was the rule real interest the ~aharam of Bhaunagar said, referrare exception. "We did find one particular aspect nng to the work done by English of Christian truth, however, which women during the war: really seemed to penetrate deeper "The state of our women in India than anything else, and to rouse not looks the more pitiful by contrast. only interest, but something deeper. . . . It is high time that not only 1 his was what might be termed the the Rajput but all Hindu women mystical aspect. We are inclined to were somehow lifted out of the darl abyss of ignorance saon'dfulilndooflenolcde~ believe that the progress of the but their minds are Kingdom of God, in Islam, will be hastened by putting less dogmatic fashioned ideas, prejudices, and su- theology, and more of Christ's own perstitions that no amount of preachmysticism, into our preaching of the Gospel to the Moslems." ing, teaching, or persuasion seems to <jelling Scriptures in Arabia have any effect on them. I'laitmtl~ how- ever, trying to do my bit.'

The Rajput girls' school that I had I Kuweit, two prominent Sheikhs long been contemplating was opened _ purchased complete Arabic Bibles, last March and is working well."

aud one of them spent two hours -C. M. S. Gleaner.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A Magazine for the Women of India cess of all the more important fann operations is supposed to be d~­ WOMEN missionaries in the Te- termined by the stars. For thIS valuable infonnation he asks what . lugu area have started a maga- he will, and woe unto the farmer if zine for women called the Viveka- he does not give it. His curse may. vathi to meet the demand for litera- blight the finest crop. ture 'suited to women. It is in the vernacular and all the contributors India's farmers make gods of are women. The subject matter in- their plows and worship them. When cludes news of current events, notes all the seed has been sown there is a on the care of children, on household regular worship of the grain sieve economy, on medicine, po~try an~ ~a­ and sacrifices of food are made to ture stories, but the tone IS Chnstlan it. At a great religious festival, through and through. which all farmers observe, a woman takes a broom, supposed to terrify Native Evangelism evil spirits, and beating about in every corner exclaims "Food abide, T HERE is increasing evidence and poverty depart." that Christianity is being proclaimed and extended in non-Chris- To a pious Hindu all life is sacred tian lands by the natives themselves. and man has no right to destroy The spirit of evangelism is growing any creature. Millions of bugs eat in both China and India, prompting the farmer's plants but he must not the native Christians to seek out touch them. The porcupines dig up their friends and acquaintances and his few potatoes. The mischievous bring them to Christ. monkey climbs his palm trees and pelts him with his. own cocoanuts In Sholapur, India, a sewing so- when angry. Even the deadly snakes ciety is attended by fifty or sixty may crawl near his house and be treated to milk of which they are women, who are making clothes for very fond. All these animals are the poor of the Christian community, supposed to contain the souls of but primarily getting acquain~ed some of their ancestors. A sleek, with the methods of work whIch fat bull will quietly walk up, take have been .found most effective in his fill and be driven off by no one. He is sacred and to kill him would evangelistic campaigns. In the same be worse than killing a man. He locality five weekly Bible classes are goes where he likes, eating when conducted for women who would and what he wants. He often eats otherwise have no opportunity for all the grain and vegetables that a systematic Bible study. This work poor woman has carried miles to has already been productive of re- market on her head, and who is too sults, for several of the women have terrified to drive him away. gone on preaching tours. The value of this personal work consists not It is said that Britain's greatest only in its influence upon othe~s, asset in India is the missionary, but in its development of the Chns- whose service in making known the tian life of the workers. freedom of Christ's Gospel has a steadying influence on these restless Farming in India people teaching them how to lay aside fear. 11~.TEanAdR the small village temples shrines of India are al- A Notable BaptJsm ways to be found some of the so- WHEN a clergyman of the Indian Church baptizes a once proud called "holy men," living on friendly Brahmin and a low-caste Chamar woman, .standing side by side at the terms with "sacred" snakes and monkeys. These "holy" men have much influence with the farmer. They are supposed to be able to foretell the future and are in constant de- mand to fix the best date for sowing and harvesting the crops, as the suc-

font, one may well feel that Chris- that this was the first time a Chris- ti:mity has taken a vital hold on the tian hymn was sung before a group people of India. This was the ex- of Buddhist priests assembled in perience of Rev. J. S. C. Bannerjee, official capacity. Perhaps this song the Indian missionary of the Church of a land better than their sacred Missionary Society at Bulandshahr, books could ever tell them of, might North India. He reports also the find a lodgment in their thoughts.

.vbaptism at the same time of a -The Presbyterian. aishya, and says 0 f him: "The Vaishya had been a secret CHINA inquirer for the last ten years. Latterly he began openly to call himself Destruction of Opium in Shanghai a Christian and occasipnally attended our church services. He was hin- THE Peking Government has dedered from baptism because his stroyed the remaining stocks of opium in Shanghai in deference to mother's request to him was not to Anglo – American representations. cut himself off while she was alive, Three hundred chests have been sold, he being her only son. Three times and 1,200 burned in presence of the she came and made such a wailing Allied representatives, the Governand crying that he had to go back ment making a virtue of necessity. with her. But he finally took his The production of opium and the stand, _and we received him into the use, of it has, however, been much Christian Church. At first the more prevalent under the .lax disci- :l1other was very angry and threat- pline of the present Chinese govern- ment.

ened him with disinheritance. But Giving the Church First Place we made it a matter of prayer, alld A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in Shantung province writes: "In she was soon reconciled, and de- one of the villages where a few years ago the only Christian family cided to live with him. He has now had been severely persecuted, the village elders had now made argone to live with her at their home, rangements with the Christians to and is making a bold stand for -c. Christ." M. S. Gl-eaner.

SIAM AND LAOS unite the heathen village school with A Tableau In Starn our Christian school and have all the pupils study together, using the PHRA CHOW SURUYABONG- Christian curriculum and observing SA, chief of Nan Province, our worship customs. Six of the Siam, was a friend to the mission- nine acres of land belonging to the aries, and when he died last April temple were to be used for the sup- at the age of eighty-eight the native port of the teacher, the remaining Christians asked permission to offer three to become the meagre support condolence. His aged sister asked of the Taoist priest, living in one if they intended to worship when of the temple buildings, the temple they came, and on being informed to be opened each year only on three that they did not she added, "I heathen festival occasions.

thought perhaps you might sing." "In another village special services It was a strange scene that was were held to dedicate are-built enacted -in the throne room of the church earlier torn down by the chief's palace, where two long rows flood which destroyed that village.

of Buddhist priests in their yellow For awhile the people used rafts; robes gathered to say their mass for and for weeks after the disaster they the dead. In the midst of burning waded around barefooted and with incense a little group of Christians cold, swollen limbs. Finally when stood and sang "There's a land that they planned to build their houses, is fairer than day." It is safe to say the native pastor–caught there for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

twenty-one . days and supposed by The Church of the Lofty Friend- his family to be drowned-suggested ship offers a simple course of in- that they ought to build the Lord's struction which enables them to ex- house first, which out of their great press themselves. Classes in em- poverty they did. . broidery have been formed and Chinese Girl Becomes Evangelist through that one woman who had been leading an aimless life became A GIFTED young Chinese woman, interested in Bible study and is pre- granddaughter of a viceroy of paring herself to be a teacher in the Canton and daughter of a sub-vice~ church school. In this church are roy of Nanking, was one of the also a cooking class, a children's Christian workers in the Eddy cam- club and story hour and three Bible paign. classes for women; one for older "She was brought up in luxury women who are Christians; one for with six slave girls of her own. older women on probation and one After a normal course she went to for younger women on probation. a Christian college to learn English. The last named group is composed Hating chapel and Bible periods she of those who took a stand for Chriswould smuggle in Chinese novels to tianity in the Eddy campaign.

read surreptitiously at these times, Bandits Test of Christians and was given over to all the trivial A Methodist missionary in Kutien vulgarities of cigarettes, playing- tells how even brigandage may cards and the like. She planned to be used "to the furtherance of the engage in literary propaganda against Gospel." He writes: Christianity, but one day was convicted of sin and realized the pres- "The robbers who are over-runence of the living Christ. She im- ning the country are careful not to mediately set to work among her molest Christians, and in many places relatives. Her mother, bitterly anti- the people are coming with their Christian and an opium smoker of goods for protection. In order to thirty years' standing, together with test them the person is required to eleven other members of the family repeat the Lord's Prayer or the were, after some months, converted. Apostles' Creed, or to answer ques- Daily this gifted young woman is tions from the Bible or catechism. witnessing with great power for the If a satisfactory knowledge is shown, Lord." the victim is counted a Christian and released. The result is that a knowl- A Chinese InstitntionaI Church edge of Christian truth is spreacl and the Gospel is brought to the r CHINA, as well as the United States, is realizing the benefits tention of many who would ne of institutional churches. In the hear of it otherwise." Siong-In Dong Church, (Church of the Lofty Friendship) Foochow, a JAPAN-CHOSEN Conference of Federated MiSsions T new type of work is being tried out HE Conference of Federakr' Missions of Japan, representin with marked success. The women's department is changing some of the most of the Protestant work in th: ideas of upper class Chinese women, country last year extended over fou.

teaching them some of the joy of days and a half and seventy dele- service, and exercising a democratiz- gates with two hundred visitors were ing influence among them. Few of present.

these women can read or write and It was decided to send to the when their husbands go away-as Foreign Missions Conference of many of them do on business in North America an appeal for aid, other countries-they cannot receive and meanwhile to raise a temporary or send letters. loan for the Finnish Lutheran Mis-

sion, which has been entirely cut off Korea,n Church Diligent in Business T from their home base by the war. H,E Church holds first place in Action was taken to set aside one the thought and affections of missionary to carryon definite work Korean Christians. Their presbyfor social reforms. teries meet twice a year, the dele- The circulation of the newly re- gates travel long distances on foot, vised Japanese Bible is to be pushed. many requiring two or three days Besides being a more accurate trans- to reach the place of meeting and lation it is in better literary style than rarely is there an absentee. Consethe former. Arrangements were also quently, the attention to business is made for the production and distri- very thorough. They concentrate bution of other Christian literature. their thought upon the work in hand Intensive Training for Japanese with a devotion characteristic of all JAPANESE students have such their service to Christ. In addition different surroundings from those to the delegates a much larger crowd in America that the general at- is always in attendance to listen to mosphere of Christianity is wanting the proceedings, and the consciousas a background. Hence it is neces- ness which the officers have of the sary that Christian schools should importance and influence of their be inspirational rather than academ- position is an incentive to fidelity. ic· practical rather than theoretical. They are, moreover, seldom in need It'is hoped that Presbyterian, Meth- of asking a foreigner for guidance odist and all denominations at work in methods of conducting church in Japan will combine their educa- business.

tional institutions, so that no effort AFRICA may be wasted in producing centers Fltcts About the Congo of influence that will inspire as well as instruct; and that greater special- A RECENT missionary conference ization may become possible in the at Luebo in the Congo was attheological training. tended by seventy-three delegates who represented eighty-one mission sta- -Japan Evangelist. tions-the largest General Congo Conference ever held. In all, there Missionaries and Democrlttic Ideltls T HERE are reasons, apart from are fourteen societies at work in the purely evangelistic ones, why Congo, and missionary activity there missionaries should continue to work has entered upon its fortieth year.

and live in Japan. The American The Gospel is being preached in missionary has a role to. playas in- nearly forty languages; translations terpreter of the noblest ideals of of the Bible have been made into democracy. A Japanese Christian, nearly all of them. The British Bap- Prof. K. Demura, says that the dem- tist Mission has a constituency of ocratic idea is quite misunderstood 20,000, and there are extensive mis- in Japan, that it is considered identi- sions of American Baptists and Pres- cal with socialism, and that the mis- byterians, the Swedish Church and sionary is needed to represent it, by other organizations with encouraging his life and character, as a funda- statistics to show.

mental principle of brotherhood. The Luebo Church, in which the Furthermore, Prof. Demura points cOllference met, has 8,000 members, out, the missionary has it in his and has reached a degree of self-de- power to develop in the Japanese velopment that is remarkable. Since consciousness an international spirit, the future hope of the Congo people which will go far in correcting the lies in the cultivation of the soil, the chauvinistic nationalism surviving in need for agricultural training was Japan and promote the friendly re- emphasized. The medical session lations of Japan, China and America. was also helpful. The day devoted

NEWS FROM MANY I.,ANDS

to "occupation of the field" brought Bound By New Ties out the fact that comparatively little of the Congo has as yet been occu- T HERE has been a strong feeling pied by missions, and that a vast of enmity between the people of area is still uncared for. the. coast and the people of the in- Well-Informed Christians in Luebo terior in Africa since tihfethwisahr~tbreudt it begins to look now as would disappear. All along the T HE following information from coast of the Kamerun there has been the Congo should set at rest all doubts regarding the standards of such scarcity of food that the mis- Christian intelligence which Africans attain before becoming church mem- sion has been compelled to buy rice bers: and try to keep the people from ac,- tually starving to death, and it is to the Bulus that these hungry people As far back as 1914 it was re- are looking for aid. Rev. W. C.

garded as a conservative estimate Johnstone says: "The Lord has ways th~t as many as 5,000 out of a popu- of doing things of which we would latIOn of 20,000 under the jurisdic- not have thought. It seems now that tion .of the Church at Luebo could when things get normal once more read the Bible for themselves and the !nterior and the coast people wir1 hundreds of these could write' in a be III a more friendly relationship fairly creditable manner. It is fair than ever before."

to assume that the number now able Grim Heathenism to read has reached from 7,000 to AMISSIONARY of the Meth- 8,000. . odist Board at Kapanga, Congo Among 15,000 communicants it is Beige, sends a picture of grim heathestimated that 12,000 can recite more or less perfectly the Westminster enism as seen in that field. The fa- Shorter Catechism, with all of its 107 questions. Among the Bakuba, vorite wife of haMdwdaitead,Yoamndbo~hithlee who possess more intelligence than Luunda king, some of the tribes, thirteen more questions have been added to the the bereaved husband lay on the catechism. floor and wailed, a wild and tumul- tuous riot went on over the meat of two cows, slaughtered to feed the hundreds of sympathizers who had Before an applicant can be ad- flocked in. In a shed outside the mitted into ful.l church membership, fence sat all the other wives, some he must COlrurut to memory, besides twenty in number, and several hun- the Sho~ter Catechism, the first, dred Luunda women, with the dead twenty-thIrd, thirty-second, thirty- woman sitting in a chair in the cen- seventh, and fifty-first Psalms the ter of the group. All night these entire Sermon on the cMhaoputenrt~' the wOJ?en sat, sm~king great pipes, third and fourteenth of wh!le the dead wife's mother sat on J~onhdn.,thtehethtiwrteeleftnhthchcahpatpetrerofofRoImCaonrs~ the ground and held her feet. In still another part of the premises a Illthlans. After all of this has been hideous heat~en dance was in prog- cr.editably recited, the applicant is ress. MeantIme, an enormous wood- stIll kept on probation for a period en box was being prepared and the of three months to' show by his con- burial took place the following after- sistent life that he understands what noon. What went into the box be- he has learned, and the seriousness sides the body the missionary did not of the step he is about to take. know, but sixteen men were re- Where else in the world is found quired to carry it to the grave. When such a high standard required for admission to Christian citizenship? it had been lowered into the ground all the dead favorite's possessions were thrown in on top of it -pots -The Missionary Voice. pans, dishes, chairs and m;ts, but

first they were smashed with an ax ers sent out have been delayed by lest some one be tempted to open the the withholding of passports, but grave and get them out. Then the when they arrive it is expected that earth was filled in, a red and white an entire reorganization of the Mis- flag planted at each end, and on top sion forces will be made. a big blue dishpan and a raised um- breHa-this last to signify that it THE ISLANDS was the grave of an important per- sonage. All was quiet for six days, A Model Community then native doctors were summoned to give the poison test to determine T HE Island of Culion in the Phil- who had killed Mwata. ippines, a segregation camp for lepers, has earned the right to pro- The African thinks no one ever claim itself as a model in sanitation and progrfessive achievement. Nb dies naturally; some one has always other city of the Philippines, not even excepting Manila, can in any killed them either by poison or witch- respect equal the sanitary record of craft. When these witch doctors all Culion. As a result of effective arrived they grouped the people in a quarantine regulations, small-pox, circle, while the doctors stood in the diphtheria, typhoid and cholera are center holding a basket in which had altogether unknown. One hundred been placed some rubbish and a dead per cent of the population use safe lizard; and as each person looked water and sanitary methods of sew- into the basket, the doctors were sup- age disposal. posed to be· able to detect the guilty one, and say "It is you." The vic- In spite of the fact that the en- tim never questions that he has tire community is composed of [ep- caused the death, and neither does ers, and the government furnishes anyone else. In the present in- enough food for everyone, from stance the missionary was on hand, ten to fifteen per cent of the people with medicine, just in time to pre- have taken up farms and sell their vent the giving of the poison, and products to the municipality. They although the king resented the inter- have even offered a first and second ference, matters finally quieted down, prize for the best locally grown and doctors and people dispersed. foods. 'l'his community has brushed aside the handicap of being a colony Nyassa Industrial Mission of affiicted folk, supported by the government, and has succeeded in .3' standing as a shining example to other localities. EVERYTHING points in the di- rection of wider missionary ef- -Mission to Lepers. fort in East Africa. Christian work has been maintained throughout the OBITUARY NOTES four years of war, and there is a firm conviction in missionary circles Miss Margarette Daniels that the ranks of workers will be increased by recruits from among the A LIFE of active Christian servic~ men who have seen through the was brought suddenly to a close campaign in German East Africa. by the death of Miss Margarette These men have been working for Daniels on October 3. Miss Daniels the Kingdom of God as well as for was a daughter of the late Dr. their country, and the results have C. H. Daniels, former secretary strengthened the cause of missions. of the American Board, and Mrs. Daniels, president of the Congrega- Two new lines of work have been tional Woman's Board of Foreign decided upon; one the commence- Missions. She was a member of the ment .of a campaign in Portuguese editorial staff of The Congregation- . East Africa, the other an extension alist and Advance. of the work for girls and women in Nyasaland. Some of the new work-

RECENT BOOKS ON . organizations concerned with inter-

HOME MISSIONS national Jewish affairs.

A List QY Rlv Alfred wms. Anthony "Why Prohibition!" Charles Stel- zle. ($1.50-Doran.) "The Religious Foundations of A book so lifted out of its class America," Charles I…. Thomp- son. ($1.50-Revell.) by its breadth of view, its com- A statement of the rehgious mo- mand of new and telling facts, and its fresh style as to become a contives and characteristics which were tribution to Home Missions. given to the country in its discoyery, exploration and settlement. "The Church and the Great War," Worth M. Tippy. ($1.00-Re- "Frontier Missionary Problems." veil.) Bruce Kinney. ($1.00-Revell.) A description of the home ac- A discussion of five problems: tivities of the church in response the Indian, the MornlOn, the Mi- to the challenge of war-necessities. grant Mexican, "our own kith and kin" in the west, and methods of "Outline Studies on the Problems evangelism suited to the west. of the Reconstruction Period.

"Christian Democracy for America," A pamphlet prepared by a special David D. Forsyth and Ralph W. committee. Published for the Social Keeler. (75 cents. The Metho- Service Commission of the Presby- dist Book Concern.) terian Church. This pamphlet of 39 pages, deals with thirteen prob- A study of American democracy lems either created by the war or from the point of view of the lifted by the war into special promchurch in terms of the rural situa- inence. tion, the immigrant, the city, the Negro, the modem forms of church ALFRED WMS. ANTHONY. activity, the Mormon, the Latin- American, the Oriental, and the "Our Church and Our Country," dynamic power given in the person Burleson. (50 cents-Domestic of Christ. and Foreign Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church.) A book dealing with the early "The Jewish Communal Register days of the Anglican Church in 'of New York City," edited and the territory of the United States published by the Kehillah ($2.50- and the history of the Episcopal Jewish Community) of New York Church as a missionary agency, City. especially in relation to the develop- An exhaustive and comprehensive ment of American Citizenship.

epitome of the Jewish agencies in New York City characterized as "The People of Tipi Sapa," Olden. ($2.50 – Morehouse Publishing follows: religious, educational, rec- Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) reational and cultural, economic, mutual aid, philanthropic, correc- An account of the religion, cus- tional; coordinating, standardizing toms and folklore of the Indians, and research; central and national especially of the Dakotas' or Sioux.

organizations having constituencies in New York City, and American "His Star in the West," Giles. lDo- n

mestic and Foreign Missionary valuable from a technical point of Society of the Episcopal Church.} view. Stories for older children based upon fact and drawn from mission- "America in the Making." M. E. ary work among Indians, Negroes Ravage. ($1.50-Harper Brothand southern mountaineers. ers.) WM. C. SfURGIS. Written by a Jew; valuable; shows the revolutionary and an- "In a Day of Social Rebuilding." archistic tendencies of the foreigner, Lectures on the ministry of the which become modified as he be- church. Henry Sloane Coffin. comes Americanized. ($1.00-Yale University Press.) Discusses the local church from "Straight America." Frances Kel- lar. (60 cents-Macmillan.) the standpoint of evangelism, worship, teaching, organization, pas- A valuable treatise on Americantoral care and leadership. ization.

"The Church and tne City." An "True Faith and Allegiance," account of Home Missions and Gustav Olinger. (Macmillan.) Church extension in New York Presbytery. (25 cents-Board of Describes the assimilation of the Home Missions, Presbyterian foreigner up to naturalization. Church in the U. S. A.) Describes the work at Labor CHARLJ;:S A. BROOKS.

Temple, Jan Hus Neighborhood The Christian Conquest of America. House, and at other centers. By Ralph Welles Keeler and Ellen Coughlin Keeler. (Metho- "The Gospel for a Working World." dist Book Concern.) Harry F. Ward. (60 cents-Mis- sionary Education Movement.) A thorough-going, popular dis A sympathetic account of the cussion of Methodist Episcopa Home Missions with the present· condition and needs of labor from day program outlined and emphathe point of view of religion and sized. the church. The Challenge of Pittsburg. By "Aims of Labor." Arthur Hen- Daniel L. Marsh. (Missionary derson. (50 cents-Huebsch.) Education Movement.) Includes "Labor and the New A survey and analysis of Hom!' Social Order," a report on recon- Missions in the home town. Of struction by the sub-committee of great value in its suggestiveness. the British Labor Party. An Introduction to Rural Soc- WILLIAM P. SHRIVJ;:R. iology. By Paul L. Vogt. (Ap- pleton.) "The Immigrant and the Commun- ity." Grace Abbott. ($1.50- A book needed by all who WOUIO Century Company.) grasp the significance of the task of A most important book, built Home Missions in rural comml'-;- ties. up on ",,00 mf'thods, stimulating,

MISSIONARY

RECENT FOREIGN MISSION BOOKS WORTH NOTING.

By PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Professor of Missions in Yale University.

The Encyclopaedia Sinica. By S. Coul- those directly missionary-such a ing, M. A. Shanghai. Kelly and volume, for instance, as the "Re- Walsh. 1917. London: H. Milford. port on Indian Constitutional Re- !~'" forms," vitally affects all the mis- 1918. sionary work of that great and The Treasure of the Magi. A Study of Modern Zoroastrianism. By H. J. Moulton. London: Oxford Univer- sity Press. 1918, populous Empire. It describes what the Viceroy and Secretary of State The Pilgrims of Hawaii. By Rev. and for India call "the greatest political experiment ever undertaken in the Mrs. O. H. Gulick. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

"The Least of These"-in Colombia. world's history." Missionary re- ports are also omitted, notably By M. N. Williams. New York: Secretary S. G. Inman's "Christian Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918. Cooperation in Latin America,"

The Power-House at Pathankot. By M. J. Campbell. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United partly because they describe what Presbyterian Church. 1918. was done in 1917, and partly be- cause they do not belong to the A Prince of the Church in India. class of literature under considera- By J. C. R. Ewing. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

Underwood of Korea. By his Wife. tion. Only one volume in the following New York: Fleming H. Revell Com- pany. 1918. list can be classed among great mis- Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By sionary publications. It is Mr. Coul- F. W. S. O'Neil, editor. 2nd edition.

London: James Clarke and Company. ing's "Encyclopaedia Sinica," con- 1918. fessedly a reference book, but de- spite its omissions, its unevennesses Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By due to its many contributors, and C. N oss and associates of the Mission Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Mis- sions Reformed Church in the United its being a pioneer effort in this States. 1918. World. line, it is a most commendable The Christian Crusade for and H. and valuable Democracy. By S. E. Taylor compilation. An E. Luccock. New York: Methodist manner of things Chinese are set Book Concern. 1918. forth here, some at length and too many of them so briefly that they He;rs Together of the Grace of Life. only whet the curiosity to know Benjamin Broomhall, Amelia Hudson BroomhalI. By M. Broomhall, M. A. more about them. The naturalist, London: Morgan and Scott. 1918.

The Call of a World Task in War the geographer, the merchant, the literary man, the student of reli- Time. By J. Lovell Murray. New gions, the Board secretary and the friend of Missions will find accur- York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 1918.

THE year's output of missionary ate, interesting and up-to-date books is far below the average Chinese material in this admirable in amount and quality, largely-and volume. especialy in Europe-because of Out of many books dealing this war conditions. From some sixty year with the faiths of mission books of the year of which the fields only one has been chosenwriter has personal knowledge a Prof. Moulton's "The Treasure of few are here selected, though quite the Magi"-though at first thought possibly other books more valuable it might not seem as valuable as are omitted. several others, especially the Uni- Many volumes have an indirect versity of Pennsylvania's volume, influence upon the foreign en- edited by Prof. Montgomery, "Re- terprise of far greater moment than ligions of the Past and Present," Unlike the latter, this book nating to the reader of some years by Prof. Moulton was written from ago. a distinctly missionary viewpoint, and is by a specialist of the highest Though Mrs. Williams diseminence. The volume belongs to claims any attempt to write a mis- "The Religious Quest of India" sionary volume in her fascinating series, and as such these chapters pictures found in "The Least of on modern Zoroastrianism sympa- These-in Colombia," she is the wif( thetically point the inquiring Parsee of a Presbyterian missionary and to those Mobeds of their national is in charge of the Collegio Amerifaith who of old saw Bethlehem's cano in Bogota. Her abilities as star in the East and wended labor- a writer remind one of Jean Maciously thither to worship its won- kenzie, though without her use of drous Babe. While the author native modes of thought. The series might not agree with the Jesuit of South American stories have to theologian who characterized this do with ,servants, pupils and acfaith as "the highest religious re- quaintances, in a background beautisult to which human reason, un- fully filled in by one who has eyes aided by revelation, can attain," to see and a pen to sketch truly his friendly reference to the older and sympathetically. Here we have. and higher teachings prepares the in a volume that reads itself, the Parsee to accept his final chapter in story of what missionaries are do- ing among peoples already nominwhich the excellencies of the Chris- ally Christian. tian religion are summed up in' a "The Power-House at Pathankot" divine and alluring Love. is used as a study class text-book Leaving technical and reference by United Presbyterians, but one finds that, after reading a chapter, books, the remaining volumes the rest of the volume is so absorbing of the list are intended for that it cannot be taken in weekly the popular use of a wider instalments, but must be read constituency. When the first through at a sitting, Miss Campbell missionary set foot on Hawaii tells of a sort of missionary work in less .than a century ago it was the Northwestern India which so inabode of savagery just awakening terested the government authorities to its need of light and knowledge. that they bestowed upon her the Fifty years later their inhabitants Kaisar-i-Hind medal. Bigoted and had been evangelized and educated. antagonistic Mohammedans an.-l and Hawaii was Christian. How Hindus rallied around her as lead this came about through the labors in the temperance reform. T of American Board missionaries is secret which enabled school git.~ here somewhat prosaically told by and teachers, seconded by the conchildren of the pioneers, themselves vinced community, to perform civic honored agents in the great trans- miracles. was the brick church at formation that prepared the Islands Pathankot, where prayer was unfor statehood in the American ceasing and believing and where nation. History, biography, Chris- the "Band of Love," men's Bible tian dynamics and missionary class and others bound themselves statesmanship are all found here. together to be workers with God. Mr. and Mrs. Gulick, as representa- Prayer in action built a temperance tives of "Pilgrims of Hawaii," hall and won to that cause and to speak with an authority and in- Christ Moslem, Sikh and Brahmin; timacy that some other works on it secured the cooperation of offi- cials; it brought to that section the Islands do not possess, but Sundar Singh, the wonderful Sikh the book lacks the imagination and freshness that made Belle Brain's "Transformation of Hawaii" fasci-

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Apostle of '!the Bleeding Feet"; and and subsequent Christian conse- in general it proves the thesis, cration and training transformed his "Faith faughs at obstacles. Let life into an instrument of grace us ask our great God to do great and power. This story of one of things." Read it and believe as the pioneers in Korea has its thrills.

never before in prayer. Dr. Underwood was also a par- Among the missionary biographies ticipator in the evolution of Korea of the year is one by the veteran into Chosen. His wife has hardly India missionary, President J. C. R. done justice to the part she played Ewing of Lahore. It tells the life- in the Korean Mission, especially story of "A Prince of the Church in in the early stages when, as the India," the Rev. Kali Charan Chat- Queen's physician, she had won- terjee, D. D. This representative derful opportunities to influence Christian, born of a proud Kulin and aid those in Court life, more Brahmin father appeared in Ameri- than any other missionary, perhaps.

can pulpits half a century ago and Dr. Underwood was instrumental later received the degree of Doctor in establishing the Nevius plan of of Divinity from Edinburgh Uni- missionary effort, which has much versity. This too brief, yet dis- to do with the phenomenal progress criminating biography, tells of his of Christianity in Korea.

breaking away from caste and home, Another life, story that ranks of his early student days which led first among all the missionary biog- the convert to turn away from the raphies of the year in simple, naive Church which had won his earliest int~ate style is "Dr. Isabel Mitch- allegiance because it would not ell of Manchuria." This rare Irish allow ·the ordination of an Indian lassie, the daughter of a Belfast Christian on a parity with foreign- Presbyterian minister, early took ers; it describes his long and emi- such an interest in literature that nent services as a teacher and pro- she longed to enter the University fessor, and his crowning work as as an Arts student; her vivid imag- pastor from his ordination in 1868 ination reveled in pictures of boys to 1903 when he was chosen Mod- and girls of other lands, and her erator of the First Presbyterian Gen- soul was thrilled by the stories of eral Assembly to convene in India. great missionary pioneers. "Francis The power behind this humble of Assisi, kneeling before the cru- Christian was revealed in a state- cifix, saw the Crucified and at the ment written in his seventy-first same time heard the weary call of year, in which he stated that the. many lands." So this maiden saw decision to renounce Hinduism and Jesus and longed to carry His life cast his lot with the despised Chris- and exhibit something of His pas- tians was the doctrine of the sion for souls to Manchuria. After vicarious sufferings and death of winning four medals and two prizes Christ. This sketch of a great life at Queen Margaret College in reveals what it costs to be a Chris- Glasgow, affiliated with the Uni- tian in India and what one man can versity's Medical Department, she accomplish. went to Manchuria. The story of The accomplished scholar, preach- her life and work there is toM er, educator and leader of the mainly in fascinating and realistic Presbyterian Mission in Chosen- letters. From the blue of the beau- and of all Protestant work there- tiful Mediterranean in 1905 to th,~ is adequately portrayed by the one last letter written to her mother who knew him best in, "Underwood on Feb. 15, 1917, life leaps for of Korea." At four years of aKe sheer joy through her correspond- the child resolved to become a ence. Medicine was her work, a missionary, and his British blood wholly modem Sunday-school was her recreation, and chi I d r e n day-school and Epworth League (Chinese quite as much as little members for forward movements in Pat O'Neil) were her heart's love. the centenary program of that Church. This volume will not Of the mission study text-books stand the test of being continuously published during the year we re- read, for it is a series of unit apgretfully omit comment upon Miss peals, each intended to rivet the Burton's "Women Workers of attention of the reader separately the Orient" and Mr. Willard upon great, appealing facts in con- Price's "Ancient Peoples at nection with each of the various New Tasks,"-both exceedingly fields of the Methodist Church. As valuable books in the depart- most of the non-Christian world ment of industrial progress as passes under review this volume related to miSSIOns. We call makes one see, rather than imagine, attention to N oss and his collab- the needs and golden opportunities orators' "Tohoku, the Scotland of of the mission world. The book Japan," because it gives the best is part and parcel of the most recondensed account of a mission's markable system of publicity and environment, missionary conditions promotion that any Board has proand Christian activities and accom- duced in any land. For this reason plishment, without losing itself in this volume is useful almost solely dry details annalistically stated. It for the denomination issuing it. would be hard to surpass that section dealing with missionary opera- A volume between missionary tions (chs. V-VII) in any missionary biography and promotion is Mr. volume on the Empire except Dr. Broomhall's "Heirs Together of the Cary's "History of Christianity in Grace of Life." The author's father and mother were in a minor way Japan." Despite the smallness of to the China Inland Mission, whose the Board of Foreign Missions of home secretary the 'father was for the Reformed Church in the United States, it has some rare mission- many years, what General and Mrs. aries, and their best work is found William Booth were to the in the northern part of Japan's Salvation Army. As the sismain island. Since 1885 this par- ,t.er of Hudson Taylor, the ticular Mission has done great Mission's founder, Mrs. Broomthings, especially in the direction of hall, was an untiring hostess to evangelization and education. It is missionaries and candidates, a zealextremely gratifying to find such ous reformer, and a power of the clarity, human interest, denomina- same spiritual and dynamic sort as tional charity and cooperation, her brother. Her husband was a modernity of method and adaptation prodigious letter writer and left his to the moods and needs of a mark on humble Christians and sensitive, rapidly developing people members of Parliament alike. so winsomely set forth in a book Incidentally the book is a revelintended for young people's study ation of what a Christian famclasses. One wishes Dr. Noss ily should and may be. The could undertake a similar text- author's modesty causes him to omit one of the great contributions book for all Japan. of his parents to missions-the Great skill and effectiveness fact that most of their six daughters characterize "The Christian Crusade and four sons have been devoted for World Democracy," a text-book directly or indirectly to China's uplift and redemption, the biogprepared by the Senior Secretary rapher himself being a power in the of the Methodist Board of Foreign editori~l and literary field, after Missions, Dr. Earl Taylor, and Mr. rendering a fruitful service in China. Luccock. Its immediate objective is to awaken and prepare the Sun- Laymen's Council of the New Era Movement The Laymen's Council completes the organization of the New Era Movement. In addition to the Council the representation consists of committees from General Assembly Executive Commission Ten Boards and Agencies Women's Boards Church-at-Large The executive officers of the movement include the Moderator and Stated Clerk of General Assembly. The executive committee includes the executive officers and representatives of component organizations.

THE LAYMEN'S COUNCIL CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVE PRESBYTERIANS Henry P. Crowell, Chairman, Chicago. William' Livingston, Detroit, Micb. Hon. ThomasR. Marshall, Washington, D. C. Henry Leland, Detroit, Micb.

Gov. Charles S. Whitman, Albany, N. Y. Emory W. Clark, Detroit, Micb. Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Ind. Fraocis S. Phraner, Summit, N. J. John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn. Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago. Alexander R. Nicol, New York City. J. B. Forgan, Chicago. Edwin M. Bulkley, New York City. John V. Farwell, Chicago. Arthur Curtiss James, New York City. James H. Post, New York City. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago. Robert J obnston, St. Lows, Mo. James N. Jarvie, New York City. James B. Welch, Kansas City, Mo. Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. Nelson H. Loomis, Omaha, Neb. Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. D. D. Dayton, Minneapolis, Minn. Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. John Porter, Spokane, Wash.

A. H. Whitford, Buffalo, N; Y. William M. Ladd, Portland, Ore. W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y. Robert Dollar, San Rafael, Cal.

D. S. Alexander, Buffalo, N. Y. A. H. Johnson, San Francisco, Cal. William A. Harbison, Pittsburgh. John Willis Baer, Pasadena, Cal, Wilson A. Shaw, Pittsburgh. D. B. Gamble, Pasadena, Cal.

James G. McNary, El Paso, Texas. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas. Sereno P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio. Wilbur P. Manley, Sioux City, Iowa.

The Council, though an advisory body, has already taken a very active part in the operation of the New Era Movement. It held its first meeting at general offices (I 56 Fifth Avenue, New York) November I9, with a representative attendance and perfected certain plans and made other recommendations which vitally affect the stability of the movement.

THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT. of the Presbyterian Church ID the U. S. A•• 156 FIfth Avenue. New York.

:Pie… mention Tlill MlSillONAIIY !UVlllW 01 TBJI WOJU.D in writina' to advertisert Missionary Personals-Missionary Review REV. JAMES L. BARtON, D.D., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. will head the Commission to Turkey sent by the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. This is in no sense a political mission but is a practical demonstration of America's interest in Turkey and the races that make up that nation. Other members of the party include DR. W. W. PEET, treasurer of the American Board at Constantinople; PROF. EDWARD C. Moo~ of Harvard University and P~s.

J. H. T. MAIN of Grinnell College, Iowa. They expect to sail early in January.

MR. WII,I.IAM M. DANNER, American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers, is one of a committee of five appointed to select a suitable location for a national leprosarium to be established in the United States. The money is already assured by the American Government.

REV. CHARI,ES L. GOODEr.I., D.D., well known as a successful evangelistic pastor of the Methodist Church, has been elected Executive Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.

DR. W. E. MACKI,IN, who has served the Christian Missionary Society in Central China for thirty-three years, is in America for his furlough year.

Mll J. ERNEST McAFEE, formerly Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, has begun his new work as_ Corresponding Secretary of the American Miissionary Association, succeeding Dr. H. Paul Douglass in this office.

BISHOP A. P. CAMPHOR, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, recently arrived in America after a two-months' journey from his home in Monrovia, Liberia. He came by way of France, and while there preached to the colored labor battalions at the front.

DR. JOSEPH L. -JOHNSON has been appointed by President Wilson as Minister from the United States to the Republic of Liberia. Dr. Johnson is a graduate of Howard University and has been a successful physician in Columbus, Ohio.

DR. HOWARD A. BRIDGMAN, Editor-in-Chief of The Congregationalist and Advance, has recently returned from his visit to Fnance. He speaks in the highest praise of the various welfare organizations at work there.

MISS Y. NANDAMA, a recent Christian Indian graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Ludhiana, North India, is now an assistant in the Woman's Hospital at NelJore.

REv. G. M. BRINK, D. D., of the Baptidt Home Mission Society, has accepted the position of General Secretary ot the Baptist Publication Society.

COWNEr. GUNPEI YAMAMURO, the well-known Japanese Salvationist, has been appointed a member of a cabinet committee in Tokyo to advise the Government in matters relating to prevention of poverty, protection of children and kindred problems. Of the eighteen members of the committee Colonel Yamamuro is the only representative of a religious organization.

MR. W. J. 'EI.I.IOTt, a banker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has been elected Treasurer of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension.

DR. FRANK L. NEIlI,D, the former principal of Bareilly Theological Seminary, India, died on October 26 at Hartford, Conn.

DR. JAMES M. TAYI,OR, of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, has returned hom a visit to the mission fields of the Far East.

DR. EDGAR P. HII.I., Professor of Homiletics and Applied Christianity in McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, has accepted the secretaryship of the new ~~ Ed~ation Board of the Presbyterian Church.

MRS. SAIto, wife of the Secretary of the Tokyo Y. M.C. A., has learned both English and Japanese Bmille (for the blind). She is now teaching the system to prospectiv.e teachers and is also promoting a Japanese National Library for the Blind.

MR. 'UEYAMA, a converted Buddhist priest, is devoting his time to the teaching of more than a thousand students at the Osaka Y. M. C. A.

-MRS. C. V. A. VAN DYeR, the oldest missionary of the Presbyterian Board in point of service, died in Beirut, Syria, on August 18, at the age of 92 years. She was appointed a missionary in 1840 with her husband, who was famous as a translator of the Bible into Arabic.

REV. LYNDON S. CRAWFORD died recently at his home in Trebizond, Turkey, where he had been a missionary of' the American Board for more than thirty-five years.

A GREAT BOOK ON Bible

DISPENSATIONAL Training School TRUTH Interdenominational and International Containing 40 Splendid Prophetl- DR. WILBERT W. WHiTE, Pre.ldent cal.cbart., each ., x 20 inches, and lO Chapters of Descriptive Matt"" Bible study the central, organizing discipline of the curriculum. nil. ……. Ole ft••lt .f Students from 30 denomina tions and 18 coun- 1b1rt7 ,……..tad,. .r D..,.. tries last year.

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Please mention TH-J: MISSIIOONNAARRYY REEVvUn:;Ww OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Important Items of news from the present number of the IU:VIJlW, suitable for use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings The great closed land of Tibet is now open to missionaries of Christ. Three reasons for this change are the weakening of Chinese influence in Tibet; the "Younghusband Expedition" and the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries. Instead of open opposition to missionary work there are now assurances of hearty welcome and even of assistance. (See page 18) '" '" '" The war in many vital ways will aid the cause of missions in India. The five million or more Indians serving in various capacities in connection with the British campaigns will return home with a new world vision of social and religious reforms, and with a determination to put them into effect. (See page 21) '" '" '" The Zornitza, oldest Bulgarian newspaper extant, has been an important factor in promoting the Protestant movement in Bulgaria. While treating all subjects from an evangelical staudpoint, 'it has not been sectarian and has avoided attacks on 'the Orthodox (Greek) Church. Thus a great deal of genuinely Christian leaven wt>~ked its way into Bulgarian Society. Copies sent to villages wtle read aloud at cafes, then were passed from hand to hand until each copy reached many people. (See page 25) '" '" '" The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance so- .

cieties have been organized and an extensive literature has been created and sent to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. Bulgaria will probably be the first Balkan State to adopt temperance legislation. (Ses: page 25) * * * In Sonth Africa, neither industrial training nor social service can better the con- dition of the natives until the problem is settled of the native's relation to the land. The government has withdrawn, at least temporarily, its "Native Land Act," a law initiated in the interests of the European. New legislation must now give the natives a fair share of the land, and security of tenure as rapidly as they prove themselves able '" '" '" to make effective use of such land. (See page 32) Aristocratic K. uweit, on the Persian Gulf, where live the bluest of the blue-blooded Arabs, is wide open to the Gospel. On Sunday mornings, the Christian church is so packed with Arab men and women that some must stand on boxes at the windows. Recently a young descendent of Mohammed confessed Christ and is being educated to preach the Gospel.

'" * '" Industrial corporations, such as the Westinl!house Brothers and the Du Pont Powder Company, have invested millions in Y.M. C. A. buildings, eontribute generol1sly toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of extension work. Larg-e amounts are g-iven by the employees themselves, thus making the Associations industrial program a mutual welfare enterprise. (See page 40) * * * The Brazilian government has recently sent twenty-seven students to the United States to take courses in ag-ricnltnre, forestry, sanitation and engineering. The missionary forces have impressed Bra7il to such an extent that missionary leaders in this country were requested to advise the students concerning' the institutions they should attend and to help them get the most out of their stay. (See page 36) '" * * Women missionaries in the Te1egu country of India have started a mag'azine for women called the Vivekavafhi. All the contributors are women and the subject matter eincludes news. household economy, notes on the care of chiJldren and nature studies. See page 61) '" '" '" An applicant for church' membershill in the Congo must commit to memory the first twenty-third, thirty-second. thirtv-seventh and fiftv-first Psalms; the entire Sermon on the Mount; the third and fourteenth chapters of .Tohn; the twelfth chapter of Romans and the thirteenth chapter of first Corinthians. After all this has been creditably recited one must show. in a probationary neriod of three months, that he understands how to live a consistent Christian life. (See page 61) '" * '"

The Missionary Review of the World — 1918 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XLI OLD SERIES VOL. XXXI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1918 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G's. MRS. E. C. CRONK Statistics and Foreign Exchanges Best Methods' Deartment MRS. WM. H. FARMER MRS. O. R. JUDD Woman's Home Mission Bulletin Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin MRS. F. M. GILBERT and MISS HENRIETTA HySLOP, News from Exchanges EDITORIAL COUNCIL REv. ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D.D. REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D.

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JOHN W. WOOD, LL.D.

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156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT E. S:'E!''' President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President FLEMING H. REVELL WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer DICKINSON W. RICHARDS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretar'Y,' MISS ANNA T. V AN SANTVOORD REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D. PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH

BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc. Printed in the United Statrs

OF ONE VOLUJ4E OF THE MISSIONA.RY REVIEW OF THE

Each ~eMarisstihoens REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volu!Ue_s, a compelte _ library of on the history, methods, principles, and progress of MIssIOns, and the hves , of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each smalI volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1918 MAPS, CHARTS AND CARTOONS JlAGE PAGE AFRICA, Commercial Development of…..• 101 Church in the Southern States ………….. 596 _ Great Highways of the Gospel in .•…… 333 INDIA, Density of Populations in …•…… 267 – Land Elevation in………………….. 81 —-'Mass Movements in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 _ N"tural . Veg~tation in………………. 81 –Missionary Occupation of. ……. _….. , 263 – Occupations In ••••••••••••••••••••••••• I Methodists and Their Missions, Distribution _ Religious Conquest in………………. I Armenian and Syrian Relief……………. 481 of American ……… _" ………….. , 570 Missionary Occupation of India …….. _… , 263 Progress, Foreign Mission ……………… 356 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE AFRICA~}ndustr.ial Mission in ,South …,.:. 581 CHINA, Dr. Mary Stone of. ……..•….. 573 – Jean lVl'ackenzle and her 'Bushcar' In – Pilgrims Coming From the Altar of the – West Africa……………………… 339 Main Temple of Wan Sheo Kung ……• 500 – Meeting of Christians in a Presbyterian – Tables Showing in Europe and Asia. . . . .. 25 – Teaching Good Health in……………. 18 Mission, Kamerun, West. ………….• 321 – Three Generations of Converted Moslems – "Raw" Natives in Amanzimtoti, South …. 841 _ Students and Friends at the American in ….•………•• ••..•…..•……… 90 – Tuberculosis Model at the Health Exhibit Mission Chapel, Amanzimtoti, South …• 845 – We~t, . Bibl, Readers of the Presbyterian in Shanghai ……………………… 23 – Two Influential Men in …………•….. 670 M,ss,on In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 – Where the President of the Chinese Re- – Witch Doctor in South ……………… 275 -Zambezi Mission Boys in South ………. 104 public Goes to Worship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 – African Boys Bringing Food for Prof. Du – Workers at Health Meetings in Honan…. 20 Chinese Figure Representing a Man Trained Plessis' Carriers…………………… 331 – Flower of the Slums ………………… 847 in Body.t.Mind and Spirit………….. 27 American Army Camp, Body of an.. , … , '" 507 – Leaders Who Attended Dr. Eddy's Evan· Annam, Entrance to Hanoi, the Capitol of.. 748 ANNAMESE Page From the Gospel Accord- gelistic Meetings ••..•…•…..••.•…• 673 – Prayer Motto •………………•……• 97 ing to M'ark, in Romanized ………•.• 749 – Preachers Under Care of Dr. A. A. Fulton – Woman and Child ………………….. 751 ARABIA, Drove of Camels at Kuweit. ..•• " 741 of Canton ……………………….. 112 ARMENIAN Refugee .. _•.•…………•.• 493 – Undeyeloped ….. …………………… 27 – Women Refugees (;arding Wool for Cloth- – Untamted Leper Ch,ldren ……. _•….•. 912 – Woman Worshipping at an Idol Shrine ing …………………………….. 491 Assuit ColIege, Eg~pt …………………• 106 ·near Canton …•.•••….. , . . . . . . . . . . . •. 112 Bast of Denmark, Dr. Anton…………… 573 Ching, Admiral ……………………… 673 Belgian Children near the Front, Helping…. 591 Claremont Comuunity Church and Parish _ goldiers, Boxes for the Homeless. . . . . . . .• 589 BELGIUM, After a German Bombardment of House …..•••…..•……•…•……. 365 Cochin-China, Farmer of. .••..••……….. 750 Mechlin ….•………•…………… 344 COLOMBIA, Busy Scene in One of the Mar· – Whel_ the Belgians Must Re-establish kets in Bogota…………………….. 801 Their Churches at Dreslinco,u,rt……… 345 – Gontrast in ……………………….. 831 Bible Readers of the Presbyterian Mission, – Kettles for Sale–and a Woman in….•… 829 – Two of "These Little Ones".. . . . . . . . . . . .. 827 West Africa .•….•………………•• 341 Denmark, Dr. Anton Bast of. …•.•…….. 573 Bias of the Philippines, Simeon ………..•• 573 Dunlap, Eugene P ……………………. 408 Brown, George ………………………. 361 – Mrs. Eugene P…………………….. 416 Butler With His Christian Aztec Secretary, Dunlap'S Boat, Dr……… ; ….., ………. 414 Du Plessis' Carriers Crossing a Native Bridge Dr……………………………… 4391 Cadman, Rev. W. C.!1 Baptizing First Protest- in British East Africa. . . . . . . . • .. . . . . . .. 336 Eddy, Dr. George Sherwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 ant Annamese ,;onvert in Hanoi ……. 439 EGYPT, Assuit College ……………….. 106. Camp, Indian Soldier Challenging a Comrade – Physical Training in the American Mis- to Produce His League Testament in..• 279 sIon College at Assuit……. , . " … ,. " 800 – Travis, Hospital Scene at …. , .. _…….. 509 Forman, John Newton…………………. 127 Chilumbe of India, J. R. ………………. 573 Forsythe, Dr. D. D…………………… 561 CHINA, Audience at a Good Health Lecture FRANCE, At an American Army Y. M.

in •••••…•……………………..• 18 C. A. Canteen in Paris ……..•…….• 206 – Christian Mohammedan School Boys in… 90 – Chung Lau Church in South ……….••• 115 PAGE PAGE FRANCE, Blown Up by Hindenburg Before Mexico City, Methodist Village Chal'd in … 443 His Retreat, Ruins of a Factory in …. 343 – Preparing the "Green Gold of Yucatan"

_ Y. M. C. A. Hut Under Shell Fire on the for M'arket ………………………. 185 British Western Front……………… 211 -Uxmal ………………… '" ……… 188 Moslem, West African…………………. 105 French Army, Interior of a Y. M. C. A. Hut Moslems in China, Practical Results of Work for the ……………………….•.. 209 for …………………………….. 90 _ Village, American Soldiers Billeted in a… 208 New Britain Islanders, Dance of the …..•. 363 Frontier in Africa, Evangelism on the……. 577 New Hebrides, Christian Church in West Futuna, Week· day Congregation in ……… 657 _ Woman After Some Years as a Christian .. 655 Tanna …………………………•. 656 Guatemala Earthquake, Demolished by the .. 350 – Christian Pastor and Family,… . . . . . . . . .. 659 Gunn, Dr. W. T., Itinerating in the New – Dr. W. T. Gunn Itinerating in the. '" …. 641 – Heathen on Spirito Santo Island……… 650 Hebrides ……………………….. 641 – Idol .. : ……………. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . ..• 652 Harris, Bishop M. C………………….. 561 – Islands, Heathen Family in Ambrim …… 653 Hawaii, Children of Lepers in . . . . . . . . . . 915, 916 Nyasaland, Going Out to Fish in ……….. 897 Higginbottom, Prof. Sam, His Agricultural – Grandmothers at School in………….. 898 – Product of Christian Missions in ……… 901 Faculty and Students in India ……… 737 Out·of·Door Service Before the Claremont Hindus Who Need the Gospel. .. , ……. , … 241 Hiriawa of Japan, Bishop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 573 Community Church …………….•.. 367 INDIA, Dr. J. R. Chilumbe of. ………. '" 573 Paraguay Taking Their Morning Exercise, – Glimpse of the Mass Movement in …….. 255 – New Plows for Old in ………………. 733 Normal School Girls of …………•. 681 Prof. Sam Higginbottom, His Agricultural Peking, Dr. W. W. Peter and His Audience Faculty and Students in……………. 737 at the Opening Meeting in ……….. 21 _ Which Type of Leaders Shall the People Peter, Dr. W. W., and His Audience at the Follow 10 •••.••••••••..••••.•••••••••• 259 Opening Meeting in Peking ………. 21 Indian Christian Giving His Experience to Philippines, Nurses Home in Iloilo …..•. 527 – Leper Children in the……………… 913 Lay Leaders …………………….. 257 – Pnmitive Methods of Life and Travel in – FolloY{er of Burbank ………………… 131 _ "Untouchables" at Home, Some ………. 721 the …………………………… 523 Idols, West African…………………… 273 – Simeon Bias of the …..•……..•.•.•• 573 Industries, Some Methodist Episcopal Mis- Raymond, Mrs. Paul ……………….•. 459 Refugees Weaving Cloth Used for Their sion ………………………….•.. 581 Invitation Poster Made from Japanese Nap· Clothing …………………….. .. •. 495 Saigon Cathedral ………………..•….. 752 kins ……………………………. 133 Seoul, Blind Graduate Employed as Masseuse Japanese Children Saved from Leprosy…. 814 Japan, Bishop Hiriawa' of. ..•………….. 573 in Woman's Hospital ……………•. 199 Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives…….. 881 Siam, Home of Dr. and Mrs. Dunlap in Tap Johannesburg, Some Natives and Their Teang ………………………….. 415 Houses in the Crown Mines Compound.. 843 – Itinerating by Elephant Express in …… 411 – Where the Workers Sleep in the Crown – River Travel in Siamese Canoes in .•…• 413 Siamese Christian Women of Bangkok in Na· Mines Compound …………………. 844 Jowett, John Henry…………………… 401 tive Costume ……………………. 421 KOREA, Dr. Philip Yu of. …………….. 573 – Country Home on Stilts …….•…•.'•• 419 – Main Street of Chai·Ryeng Filled with – Family at Dinner ..•………………. 417 Singapore, In the Methodist Mission Press Bible Class Women …•……•……… 161 – Missionary Clinic in ………………… 577 at ……………………………..• 581 – Vaccination Day at the Woman's Hospital Soldiers Billeted in a French Village, Ameri"

in Pyeng yang …………………… 198 can …………………………….. 208 – Wowen's Bible Class in Chai-Ryeng …… 196 – Religious Service When no "Hut" Could Lepers, Some Children of……………… 911 Hold the ……………………….. 515 Los Angeles Bible Institute and Their Work, ~tone of China, ,Dr. Mary …………….. 573 Workers of the …………………… 119 Sudan, Commumty House in the Western ..• 103 Sun Yat Sen, Dr…………………….. 670 – Bible Institute, Building of the ………. 117 Sunday, "Billy," Preaching to the Soldiers at – Bible Institute Workers Travel, How the. 123 a Camp in California …………….. 515 Taylor, Bishop William ……………….. 561 Loudon Boarding School, Girls at. …….:-. 898 – Dr. S. Earl ………………………. 561 Thoburn, Bishop James M ……………•• 561 Lumberman's Railroad Dining Car………. 823 Witch Docto1' in South Africa ………..•. 275 WUI, Dr. C. C. ………………………. 673 – Shack, Religious Service in a…………• 821 Wu Ting Fang ……………………… 673 Mackenzie, Jean, and His "Bushcar" in West Africa …………………….. 339 Y. M. C. A. Canteen, in Paris, At an Ameri· Mansur, Makhail ……………………. 928 can …………………………….. 206 Mass Movement in India, Glimpse of the.. .. 255 – "Hut" at Camp MacArthur, Texas ….•• 511 McDowell, Mrs. W, F…………………. 561 – Hut for the French Army, Interior of a .. 209 Methodist Chu'fch, Foreign Leaders of the .. 573 – Hut Under Shell Fire on the British West· – Episcopal Church, Some American Leaders of the ………………………….. 561 ern Front ………………………. 211 – Headquarters in Mexico City……….•.. 441 Yu of Korea, Dr. Philip …………….•• 573 – Mission Work, Two Forms of. ..•…….. 577 iucatan Lady in Native Costume •……•.. 186 ulus, Pagan …………………..•…•• 104 Mexico City, Methodist Headquarters in. " .. 441 – Evangelical Pastor and Wife in Yucatan. 187 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE AERY, WK. ANTHONy…………………. 48 BIRD, PHILIP SMEAD •••••••••••••••••••••••• 365 BROWN, ARTHUR J …………………….. 411 ALLEN, EDITH H ……………………… 222 BURTON, MARGARET E •••••••••••••••••••••• 760 ANET, HENRI ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 343 BUTLER, CLEMENTINA •••••••••••••••••••••• 439 ANTHONY, ALFRED WMS .•••••••••••••••• 811, 836 CAMPBELL, CARRIE LEE •••••••••••••••••••••• 533 CHANG PO-LING ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 347 ATCHISON, MRS. T. C ………………….. 921 COLEMAN, MRS. GEORGE W •••.•••••••••••••• 539 COOK, MRS. FRANK GAyLORD ••••••••••••••••• 618 BABCOCK, MALTBIE D .•••••.•••••••••••••••• 839 COOLIDGE, SUSAN •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 BADLEV, BRENTON THOBURN ••••••••••.•••.•• 251 CRONK, MRS. E. C 50, 133, 212, 289, 368, 450, BARON, DAVID ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 891 529, 609, 689, 765, 849, 929 BARTON, JAMES L •••••••••••••••••••••• .491, 661 J. BASHFORD, W ………………………. 666 BETTS, ALBERT DEEMS …………………. 695

INDEX

PAGE PAGE DANNER, W,LL,AM M ………………….. 686 OLCOTT, MASON ………….•••…….••.. 731 DANNER, LOIS ELIZABETH ………………. 911 PATTON, CORNELIUS H…………………. 29 DAVIS, GEORGE T. B …………………… 279 PIERSON, MRS. DELAVAN L……………… 19 DENNETT, TYLER ………………….• 130, 571 POTEAT, EDWIN M…………………… 903 DING L,·MEI ………………………… 97 RAYMOND, MRS. PAUL ………..•……….. 458 DOMENICA, A. DI…………………….. 189 REAVIS, TOLBERT F ……. •……………… 681 Du PLESSIS, J ………………………… 331 RHODES, HARRY A …………………….• 763 EDDY, G. SHERWOOD ……… 206, 671, 755, 926 RIGGS, MARY W………………………. 497 EWING, J. C. Roo ……………………… 127 ROBERTS, EVAN ………………………• 817 FARMER, MRS. W,LLIAM H, 141,297,458,617,773,937 RaHOLD, SABETI B ……………………. 427 FLEMING, D. J……………………….. 263 ROSSMAN, MRS. PHILIP M …………… 59, 221 FRASER, DONALD ……………………… 897 SAMMIS, J. H ………………………… 117 FULTON, A. A ………… , ……………. 113 SCAMMAN, EDITH …………………….. 223 GANDIER, PRINCIPAL • . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . • • • 124 SEMPLE, fIELEN MERRICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 GoRDON, S. D ………………………… 519 SMITH, G,PSy………………………… 360 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 197 SMITH, W. H ……………………….. 674 GULICK, SIDNEY L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 390 SPEER, ROBERT E………………………. 11 GUNN, W. T …………………………. 651 SPEERS, JAMES M ……………………… 202 HAMILTON, J. TAyLOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 598 ST. JOHN, BURTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . 357 HARBISON, RALPH W …………………. 605 STARR, FREDERICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; .. 272 HARRISON, PAUL oo ………………… oo .. 741 STOCK, EUGENE … oooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269, 907 HARTMAN, J. T ………………………. 435 THOMAS, R. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 HUTCHINS, W,LLIAM J …………. oo ……• 507 THONE, FRANK ………………………. 597 INMAN, SAMUEL GUy………………….. 37 T,PLADY, THOMAS ……………………. 107 JONES, E. STANLEy …… ,……………… 902 TOMPKINS, FLOYD W………………….. 16 JOWETT, J. H ………………………. 17, 446 TOOKER, MARY ELLIOT F,TCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 JUDD, MRS. O. R ……… 220, 375, 536, 695, 857 UNDERWOOD, HORACE H ………………… 675 KUPFER, CARL F ……………………… 501 VEACH, ROBERT W ……………………. 779 LEWIS, ESTHER N. Eoo ………………… 223 VERMILYE, ELIZABETH B……………….. 60 MACKENZIE, JEAN …………………….. 339 WADE, MRS. EVA C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765' MCCRAE, M,SS LEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 WAID, EVA CLARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375, 818 McDOWELL, JOHN …………………. 583, 832 WALLACE, MRS. W,LLIAM ………………. '185 MCQUILKIN, HARMON Hoooo …. oo …. oo …. 528 MANN, CAMERON . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . • . . • . • • • . . • 59 WHEEN, JOHN G ………….. oooooooo ….. 361 MENDENHALL, SUSAN G ……………….. 896 MILLIKIN, B. CARTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 WHITE, STANLEY …………………….. 351 MODEN, K. A ………………………… 423 MORRIS, S. L ………………………… 593 WHITTLES, THOMAS D …………………. 821 MOTT, JOHN R ………………… 171, 437, 861 WILLIAMS, MRS. C. S………………. 826, 917 NAYLOR, W,LSON S ……… ; …………… 101 NORTON, EDITH Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 WILLIAMS, VALTER B………. .. …….. 687 WRIGHT, A. c. ……………………….. 181 Y, KWANG Su ………… oo …………… 607 ZWEMER, S. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oo .. oo ….. 91, 748 SUBJECTS * PAGE PAGE Abyssinia. and Christianity ……………• 235 AFRICA, Red Cross Unit in South (a). B. – New Movement in .. oo ……………… 557 Carter Millikin ………………….. 840 Afghans Jews? Were the .. oooo …….. oo.. 70 AFRICA After the War (b) .. oo ………. 321 – Serious Floods in ………………….. 557 – AIl·Night Dancing in ………..•……. 637 – Shaking Bones in West …………….. 793 – Army Scriptures in East …………… 955 – Slavery in German East ……………• 74 – Basel Mission on the Gold Coast ……. 151 – Spiritual Clinic in (a). Jean Mackenzie ••. 339 – Church Army in …………………… 236 – Thinking in Continents (b) …….••..•• 1 – Church Giving in .. oo ………………. 311 – West, Miss Mackenzie's StatiO'Il ……..• 74 – Church Union in South …………….. 152 – Work in Congo BeIge ……………… 141 – Continental Program for (a). Cornelius African Bush, Revival in the …..•…….. 236 – Christians at Work ………………•. 153 H. Patton ………………………. 29 – Continent, Trekking the (a). J. Du Plessis 331 – East, Sultans in Mission Schools in ….. 715 – Hut, Lord's Supper in an ………..•.. 637 – Evangelists Instead of Medicine M'an in .. 75 – Schools, East …………………….. 638 – Former Head Hunters in …………… 638 – Self-Denial ……………………….. 382 – Funeral of a King in ……..•………• 384 – Tests for Church Membership …..•….. 384 – German East …………………..•.. 152 – Troops, Testaments for ……..•…..••• 621 – How Much Is a Life Work in ………. 478 – Wife's Testing …………………… '. 479 – How Schools Open the Doors in West … 311 Africans as Missionaries ………… _. . . . •. 636 – Human Boys in …..•…………….. 479 – Indians in East …………………… 311 – Become Moslems, Why ……. '…….•.'. 383 – Industrial Work in North ………….. 792 Africans, Gods of the (a). Frederick Starr '.' 272 – Liberians Rai'se Money in Memorial ….. 955 -New …………………………….. 716 – Lightening the Dark Continent (a). WiI· After the War in Belgium-What? (a). Edith son S; Naylor …………………… 101 Fox Norton …………………….• 589 – Methodist Work in East ………..•…. 716 ALASKA, Contrasts in ……………..•.. 866 – Mission to Gold Diggers in ……..•.•.• 956 – War Benefits ………. oo …. oo ……… 394 – Missionary Alliance in ……………… 875 AMERICA, America (Poem). Cameron Mann 59 – Missionary and Smallpox in ………..•. 637 – Asiatic Women in (a). Margaret E. Bur- – Mohammedan Advance in Central (b) … 322 – Native Church in South ……………. 237 ton …………………………….. 760 – New Church for Mebea People …..•…• 793 – Buddhism in ……………………..• ISS – New Station in …………………… 236 – Children of Kansas Mining Camps (b). – Possibilities in Portuguese East .•……. 875 – Power of the Elat Church in West …… 637 J. T. Hartman …………..•.•…•••. 435 – Progress Among the Berbers …..•….. 955 – Chinese Finds Pagans in ………….•• 153 – Christians in Bohemia and …………• 227 – Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in ………………………•…….• 391 *(a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subiects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month = = when any given the 6, 1 to the unit so article appeared may be found by dividing n+u. mber of the page by 80 and adding obtained. For example: page 548 -+- 80 1 7 (July).

PAGE PAGE AMERICA, Gave to the Red Cross, When .. 633 Bible a Required Subject at Columbia Uni- – Heathen Worship in ……………….. 789 versitf. .••..•………..•……•…..• 543 – New Idea in Community Service in …… 153 – Sons of Italy in ·(a). A. Di Domenica … 189 – by Mal!, Soldier's Study .•…•……… 381 American Board, Gifts to the ………….. 65 – Chinese Memorizing the ……•……..• 145 – Camp, Impressions of Conditions and Op- – Class,. Requ<;st for a …..•…………. 303 – Day In MexICO ……………………. 790 portunities in an (a). William J. Hutch- – Difficulties in the Tagalog •…………. 717 inS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 – Forbidden i-n Louisiana …………….. 788 – Churches, Growth of .••.•………….. 470 – in Brazil …………………………. 791 – Churches, Progress of ……………… 326 – Institute of Los Angeles and Its Work – Negroes, Development of …………… 489 – Solaiers in France (a). G. Sherwood Eddy 206 (a). J.- H. Sammis ……………….. 117 – Ways and Chinese Ways (Poem). W. H. – Society in 1818, Russian ……………. 792 Smith •….•…..•…..•………….. 674 – Soldiers and the ………….••..•….. 540 Americanism, New Bureau to Promote ….. 864 – Speaks in Nyasaland ……………….. 875 Amerkanization-The Duty of Haste (a). – Studr in the CamI's …….•……•….. 226 Eva Clark Waid ………………… _ 818 – VersIOns for the War ………..•…… 462 America's Influence on Foreign Students (b) 562 Bibles by the Million ………•……….. 699 Anatolia College After the War ……….. 625 Black Death in China ………………… 555 Anglican-Greek Cooperation …………… 548 -Troops, Y. M. C. A. Work for the …… 310 Annam, Appeal From ………………..• 553 Body and the Soul of an Army Camp (a). Arabia, Dr. Harrison in Interior ……….. 69 – Servants of the Harem in …………… 781 William J. Hutchins ……………… 507 – What Are the Missionaries Doing in (a). Bohemia and America, Christians in ……. 227 Paul Harrison …………………… 741 BOOKS, New Arabic Papers, Sermons in …….. _. . . . . . .. 385 Are We Ready for Victory? …………… 407 – African Missionary Heroes and Heroines. Argentina, Sunday Closing in …………. 316 H. K. W. Kwmm …………….•…. 400b – Sunday School Conference in ……… _. 863 – Training Leaders in …..••…………. 67 – .Mice Gordon Gulick. Elizabeth P. Gor- Argentine Philanthropy ..•……………. 715 don …………………………… .480d Armenia, Crucial Time for …………….. 69 – America and the Orient. Sidney L. Gu- – What Remains of Van Mission in ……. 386 lick ……………………………. 640e Armenian and Syrian Relief, Work of the – American Physician in Turkey. Clarence American Committee for (a). James L. D. Ussher ………………………. 400a Barton ………………………….. 491 – Courage ………………………….. 386 -Ancient People at New Tasks. Willard – Need as Pressing as Ever ….•………. 625 Refugees at Port Said ……………….. 151 Price ..•………………………… 797 – Refugees, Industries for ……………. 309 – Apostle of Ryo-U, Herman H. Cook, Mis- – Refugee's Thanksgiving …………….. 499 – Republic, Turkey Proposes an ………• 868 sionary in Japan ………………… 640c Armenians in America ………………… 154 -Armenia-A Martyr Nation. M. C. Ga- Army and Navy Church ……………… 699 Army Scriptures in East Africa …. ;……. 955 brielian …………………………. 719 – Camp, Body and Soul of an (a). William – Beginnings in India …………•……• 878 J. Hutchins …………………•…. 507 – Book of Personal Work. Johll T. Faris .. 560 – Chnrch Headquarters ……………•••• 381 – Books On Missions, New ……..••..•.. 640f ASIA, Educational Progress in (b) …•…. 401 – Boys and Girls of Many Lands. Inez N. – New Era for Women in (b) ………… 641 – Thinks of Missionaries, What (a). Tyler McAfee ……………………••..•• 640e Dennet …………………………. 130 – Call of a World Task. J. Lovell Murray .• 957 Asiatic Women in America (a). Margaret E. – China From Within. Charles. E. Scott •• 159 Burton …………… ~ …… _. . . . . . .. 760 – China: Her History, Diplomacy and Com· Association of Foreign Missions ……….. 64 Aviators, Religious Work With ……..•… 302 merce. E. H. Parker ………..••…•• 320 AUSTRALIA, Ghurch Union in ……….. 237 – China Inside Out. George A. Miller .•.. 797 – Chur~i'; .Uni"m in ………………….. 956 – China Mission Year Book. E. C. Loben- – ProhIbItion In ••••••••.••••••••.••.••••• 397 – Rev. George Brown, Missionary Leader of stine, Editor ……..•……….••.•.. 320a (a). John G. Wheen ……………… 361 – Chinese Womanhood. Lucinda P. Boggs .• 640b AUSTRIA, War Opportunities in ………. 229 – Christ We Forget. P. Whitewell Wilson .• 320c Bagdad Under British RU'le ……………. 627 – Christian Co-operation in Latin America. Baltimore and the Foreign Problem …….• 944 Bangkok Christian College .•………….. 783 S. Guy Inman …………………… 320d Baptist Plans, Large ………….. _……. 227 – Christian M'an, The Church and the War. – Reorganization ……….•………..•.. 392 Baptists, Good Year for Southern ……….. 544 Robert E. Speer ………………… 957 Barnardo's Homes in London ………….. 156 – Occupation of Africa ………………. 640e Baron, Rev. David …….••………….• 548 – Coming of the Dawn. Jane A. Pierson ..• 560 Barriers? Will the War Demolish ………. 490 — Conversion of Europe. Charles H. Robin.' Basel Mission Industries …………. _. . .. 627 – Mission on the Gold Coast, Africa …… 151 son ……..•…..••••.•…….•..•.•• 399 Bascutos Discuss Education …………… 794 – Crescent and Iron Cross. E. F. Benson .• 798 Best Methods. Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……. _.• 929 – Dark People. Ernest Poole •……..•.• 797 Beirut, First-Hand News From ………… 475 – Development of Japan. Kenneth S. La- Belgian Missionary Church ……………. 791 Berbers, Progress Among the ………….. 955 tourelle ………………………… 719 Bible Institute in Hunan ……………… 953 – Directory of Protestant Missions in China. Bibles for Old, New …………………. 949 Charles L. Bo),nton ……………… 160 Bishops, Council of ………………..•.. 944 -Dominion, His. W. T. Gunn •..•••.••••• 559 – Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Perma· – School in Switzerland ……………… 947 nent Agriculture in China, Korea and BELGIUM-What? After the War in (a). Japan. 'F. H. King ………………. 320b – Frontier Missionary Problems. Bruce Kin- Edfth Fox Norton …………. _. . . . .. 589 ney ……………………………. 797 – Fulfilment of a Dream of Pastor Hsi. A – Witnessing Protestants of (a). Henri Anet 343 Mildred Cable ………………….. 719 – Fundamentals-Testimony to the Truth… 480d Bengal, Moslem "Seeker" in ••……..•••. 149 – Goal of India. W. E. S. Holland ……. 957 – Good Health for All. A. T. Scofield •…. 560 Best Methods. Mrs E. C. Cronk, 50, 133, – Gospel in a Working World. Harry P. Ward ………………………….. 718 212, 289, 368, 450, 529. 609. 689. 765, 849 – Hawaii. Charmian K. London ., …..•.• 558 – Heroes of the Campus. Joseph W. Coch· ran …………………………….. 720 – Historical Development of Religion in China. W. J. Clennell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480a – Holy Scriptures •••..•..•….••…•…•. 720 – Home and Foreign Fields. G. S. Dobbins 720 – Honey Bun, Others and Us. Irene H.

Barnes …………………………. 720 – Inside the Russian Revolution. Rheta Childe DOff …………………….. 320c

INDEX

PAGE PAGE BOOKS, Jack of All Trades. Margaret BOOKS, Wanderer on a Thousand Hills. Applegarth ……………….•……. 378 Edith Wherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640e – Jack and Jane in the Philippines. Norma – Wandering Stars. Andrew' Hansen …… 560 Waterbury Thomas …………….•..• – White Queen of Okoyong William P. Livingstone ………..•………….•.480b — 1Taamckeso f All Trades. Ma rgaret Applegarth Monroe Buckley. George P. Mains 558 – With Our Soldiers in France. Sherwood Eddy .,……………… ……….••• 79 – Japan at the Cross Roads. A. M. Pooley 640a – or Germany. Frederic Coleman …….•.. 640b BORNEO. Against the Law in …………• 464 – Today. Ruth Emerson ……………… 640e – Boys, Training ……………………. 639 -Jesus Is Coming. Wm. E. Blackstone … 560 – Dyaks Give Up Head Hunting in …….. 553 – Thomas Mott Osborne in •………….. 795 – Least of These-in Colombra. Maude N. Williams …..•…..•………..•..•.• 880 Boston, Great Rescue Mission in ………. 312 – Life of Christ. William B. Hill ……..• 640b – Li Hung·Chang. J. O. P. Bland …….. 160 – Result of Dry Mondays in ………….. 545 Boy Scouts for India …………………. 465 – Living Christ in Latin America. J. H. Mc· BRAZIL, Bible in …………………… 791 Lean …………………………..• 320c – Hookworm and Missions in …………. 547 – Maintenance of Health in the Tropics. – In South ………..•……………… 946 W. J. Simpson ………………….. 560 – Overcoming Prejudice in ……………. 945 – Manual of Interchurch Work. Roy B. – Protestant University for •………….. 403 Guild …..•………………. , ……. 400a Brazilian Christians ………..'… , . . . . . . .. 225 – Methods in Prayer. W. Graham Scroggie 560 Brent, Bishop, on Church Union (b) ……. 487 – Mexican Problem. C. W. Barron …….• 879 Britain, Prohibition for ………………• 473 – Miss Wistaria at Home. Margaret L. BRITISH Hebrew Christian Conference … 228 String ………………………..••. 640e – Hop-Pickers, Evangelizing ………….. 156 – Mission Rom'mde. A. Grandjean …….. 320 – Missionary Finances ……………….. 548 – Missionary Education in Home and – "Tommies" Hear of Missions in India …. 232 School. Ralph E. Diffendorfer …•…. 320c Br~~~kTt': l:f: R~~: 'G~~;g~: Sk~t~h'o'f' ih~ 623 – Missionary Education of Juniors. J. Ger- trude Hutton ……………………. 960 Life and Work of (a). John G. Wheen 361 – of J uniprs. J. Gertrude Hutton ……..•. 640e Buddhism in America ………………..• 155 – Observations on the Mussulmans of India. Buddhist Methods in Ceylon …. , ……… , 710 Mrs. Meer Hassan Ali …………… 78 – Monastery, Visiting a …•…………..• 306 – 1,000 Miles of Miracles in China. Archi· bald E. Glover ………………….. 798 – Temple, Gift of a ..•………………. 72 BURMA, Chins of …………………..• 782 – Outline Missionary Talks lind Stories. Emily E. Entwistle ……………•… 640f Burma, Courage in ………….. , …. , …. 939 – Five-Year Program for …… ,………. 232 – Out There. Charles W. Whitehair .•••.. 957 – Memorial Tower in Rangoon ……….. 71 – Pagans, Modern. Charles M. Sheldon …. 640f – Path of Labor …..•………•……… 378 Burmese Christian Convention …………. 628 Busrah Is on the Map ……………….. 550 – People Who Run. Violetta Thurstan…… 80 Butler of Mexico, Dr. John W. (a). Clem- – Pilgrims of Hawaii. Rev. and Mrs. Ora· entina Butler …..•….•………….• 439 mel H. Gulick ………………….. 558 By·Products of Missions ………………. 777 – Popular Aspects of Oriental Religions. CALIFORNIA, Community Church in (a).

L. O. Hartman •…………•……… 239 Philip Smead Bird ……………….. 365 – Power·House at Pathankot. Mary J. California, Birds of Passage in (b). Miss Campbell …………..•………….. 640c Lee McCrae •…….•……….. , ….. 910 – Presentation of ChristianIty to Moslems.. 798 – Slavs in ………•………………… 314 – Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. William Camerun, Test of War in …………….. 382 H. Sheppard …………………….. 480d Camp Pastors, Reports From ………….. 622 – Primary and Junior Mission Stories. Mar- – Southern …………………………. 700 garet Applegarth ………………… ,480b – Prince of the Church in India. J. C. R. Camps, Bible Study in the …………….. 226 Ewing ………………………….. 480a – Church in the '…………………….. 701 – Pocket Testament in Military (a). George – Protest and Progress. Cllrolus P. Harry.. 720 T. B. Davis ………………….•… 279 – ReHgions of the Past and Present. James Campaign for Funds, United •………….• 861 A. Montgomery, Editor ……………. 480b – Vacation Bible Schools …………….• 945 – Reli'gious Foundations of America. Charles Campaign in Hunan, New …………….. 953 L. Thompson ……………………. 480c CANADA, Christian Indians on James Bay .. 866 – Round About the Torres Straits. Gilbert – Doukhobors and Mennonites in ……… 864 White." ….. , … , …… ,., ………. 640d – the War and Missions (a). Principal – Russia, Eclipse of. E. J. Dillion ..•….. 878 Gandier ………………………… 124 Canadian Centenary Plans …………….. 635 – in 1916. Stephen Graham ..•…….•…• 80 – in Transformation. Arthur L. Brown …. 80 Canton, Sherwood Eddy at ……………. 467 – Then and Now. Francis B. Reeves .'….. 878 Canvass, Results of a ……………•….. 392 – Santo Domingo a Country With a Future. Caste in India, Stand A<:ainst..,………. 890 Otto Schoentich ••……•…………. 879 Casting Out the Demon Rum (b) 83 – Sons of Italy. Antonio Mangano ……. 559 Caucasus, Crisis in the ……………….. 549 – Suffering Greeks in the …………….. 477 – Soul of France. Ruben Saillens ……… 160 – of the Russian Revolution. Moilssaye J. Centenary of Methodist Missions (a). Tyler Olgin ………………………….. 400 Dennett …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 571 CENTRAL AMERICA, Baptist Program in 636 – Spell of China. Archie Bell ………….. 559 – Standard Missionary Picture Roll. Sue R. – Indians of (a). J. Taylor Hamilton ….• 598 Staley ………………………. , … 720 CEYLON, Buddhist Methods in ..•…….. 710 – Story of Lutheran Missions. Elsie Sing- – Neighborhood Work in …………….• 71 Chang Po-Ling ……………………… 145 master ..•…•••….••……………. 320d – Student Enquirers in India. H. A. Wal· Chaplains, Many More ……………….. 463 ter …………………………….. 640d – Successful …………. ,……………. 381 – Studies in Japanese Buddhism. A K. – Training School for ………… 301, 700, 777 Charleston, Sunday Nights in ……… ;…. 622 Reischauer .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77 – Thirty Years Among the Mexicans. Al- Chicago, Battle Against Vice in ………•• 566 den B. Case ……•.•..•………….. 240 Children, Interests Among. Edith Scamman 223 – Thrice Through the Dark Continent. J. – of Kansas Mining Camps (b). J. T.

Du Plessis ……………………… 319 Hartman ………………………… 435 – Together. Alice M. Guernsey ………. 378 Children of Lepers, Visits to the Untainted – Tribe of Zambe. Geo. H. Trull ………. 640c .- Trade, Politics and Christianity in Afric'a (a). Lois Elizabeth Danner ….. : ..•–::-911 and the East. A. J. Macdonald ….•… 77 CHILE, Progress in …………………. 791 – Underwood in Korea ……………… 718 – Religion of Service for .. ,.,…………. 67 – Voyages on the Yukon and Its Tributaries. – Soul·Winning in …………………… 225 Hudson Stuck •••••••••••••••••••••••• 239 Chileans, Educating young •••..••••••••••• 547

PAGE PAGE CHINA, Aborigines in South ..•..•…..•. 872 Chinese Schoolgirls, Rules for………….. 305 _ America's Opportunity in …………… 7 – Student's Testimony ….•…•.••..•..•• 707 – An Arnold of Rugby for …………… 145 – Temple Festval at Tsingtao …•…….• 953 ._ Banishing Idolatry Among Yunnan Tribes 872 – Ways, Amencan Ways and (Poem). W • – Black Death in ……………………. 555 H. SmIth …………………•…… 674 – Boat People in ……………………• 786 – Women, New Era for •……. : …….• 871 – Changes in Tsinanfu ……………….• 146 CHOSEN, Devil Worship in ………•••… 705 – Christian House in …..•………….. 784 – How a Leaflet Bore Fruit in ……..•..• 704 – Church Union in ……………….•…. 644 – Opiu,!, Growing in …………•.•…… 148 _ Constructive Statesmanship in (b). ……. 84 – WaYSIde Sunday Schools in …….•…. 704 _ Devil Driving in Peking ..•………… 784 – Women of (a). William Elliot Griffis….. 197 – Encou,raging Things in ……………… 706 – Working at Her ReHgion in ………… 704 _ Floods and Idolatry in North ………… 233 _ General Assembly for ……………… 871 _inNE~yp't' m CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR Headquarters _ Great Floods in …………………… 72 .::.-……::……….. ::::::::::::::::: – Great Suffering in ….•…..•……….. 706 Christmas Gifts for Missionaries ••……… 64 _ Health and the Gospel in (a). Mrs. Dela· Christmas Gifts for the Orient …………. 937 van L. Pierson …………..•…….. 19 – Missionary Opportunity ……………. 849 – Hunan Bible Institute ……………… 953 CHURCH and the Social Question (a). John – Idolatry Not Dead in ………………. 785 McDo:-vell ……: ………………. 583, 832 – Idols as Kindling Wood in ………….. 389 – FederatIOn Increasmg ……………… 543 – In Spite of Brigands in ……………. 467 – in Japan, Prescription for a Dying …… 390 – Inland Mission Fruitage ……………. 629 – in Time of War, The (a). J. H. Jowett.. 446 – Insane in North ………………….. 468 – Survey in Ohio ……………….•…. 866 – Interfering With Idol Merchants in …..• 707 – Union? Will the War Bring (b) ..•….. 487 _ Is Idolatry Dead in (a). Carl F. Kupfer 501 Churches, Growth of American ………… 470 – Lawlessness in .•………………•… 553 – Which? National or International (a). – Letter From ………………•……• 619 James L. Barton …..•……….•…. 661 – Medical Progress in …………..•…• 388 Colombia, Mothers of Men in (a). Mrs. C.

– Missionaries and Democracy in ………• 705 S. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826, 917 – Missionary Influence in ……………. 146 Columbia University, Bible a Required Sub- – Modern Missionary Efficiency in …….. 145 ject at ..•…..•………….•….•..• 543 – Moslems of Central (a). S. M.. Zwemer ., 91 Colorado Desert, Commanity Spirit in the… 789 – Mr. Wang of Wuchang ………..•..•. 233 Colored Troops, Hostesses for …•……… 541 – National Progress in (b). ……….•…• 86 Colored Women, Home Mission Council of.. 945 – New Parliament in …………..•…… 466 .- Y. W. C. A. for South Africa ..•..•…. 312 – New Signs of Life in (b) …………… 481 Community Center Project ..•.•…•..•..•. 865 – New Year in ..•………………..•..• 459 – Church in California (a). Philip Smead Bird …………………………… 365 – Norwegian M'issions in ……………… 146 – Only One Language for …•………… 628 – Spirit in the Colorado Desert …..•….. 789 – Outbreak in Yeungkong ..••.•..•..•…. 707 Comparison in Missionary Statistics (a). Burton' St. John ..•………………. 357 – Post Office Evangelism in ………….. 245 – Poverty in ••………………•..•….. 630 – Comprehensive Evangelistic Enterprise in 952 – Preaching in Temples in ……………. 554 Conference, Congo Missionary (b) ……..• 564 – Prediction That Failed in ……..•..•.. 629 – Enthusiasm Harnessed for Service …•..• 689 – Problems for the Missionary in ………. 554 CONGO BELGE, Work in …………•••. 141 – Results Follow Prayer in …………… 555 – Contrast ……………..•…………• 794 – Returning to Opium ………….•…•• 871 – Missionary Conference (b) ……..•••… 564 – Revolutionary Days in …………….. 72 – Training Evangelists for the ………… 152 – Robbers Being Reformed in …………. 468 Constantinople College, American Relief – Struggle for Democracy in (a). Chang Work at ……………………….. 475 Po· Ling ………………….•..•….. 347 Continental Program for Africa (a). Cor- – Symbolical Lan~uage in …..•………. 706 nelius H. Patton ………………•… 29 – To Train AmerIcans for ………….•.. 629 Conventions for Women. Mrs. Paul Ray- mond ….•……………………… 458 – Twenty Years of the Shanghai Y. M. C. A ………………………………. 630 Conversion on an Express Train ……….. 865 COOPERATION, Appeal for (b); ….•…• 488 – Unusual Days in South (a). A. A. Ful-. ton •………………………….•.. 113 – in Cuba, Missionary (b). . ………….. 563 – Unusual Sunday School in , ……….• _. 389 – Mighty Movement Toward Racial (b). Al- bert Deems Betts ……………….. 695 – Up-to-Date Medical School in …….•.. 30f – Using Picture Postcards in ..•…•…… 786 COSTA RICA, Christian Education in …. 863 – Y. M. C. A. Growth in ………..•…… 306 – Disorder in ………………………. 395 China's Confidence in America …………. 305 – Mexican Missionary to …………….. 225 – Opening a Mission in ……..•……… 156 – Crisis, Factors in (a). Sherwood Eddy 671, 754 Council of Women for Home Missions, An- – Need of Railways …………………. 784 nual Meeting of the ..•…………… 220 Chinese Christian General ……………. 872 – Officers of ……………. : ………… 375 Chinese Bishop Appointed, First ……•..•. 952 Co-Workers With God (Poem). Susan Cool- – Woman's Missionary Society ………… 954 idge ……………………….•….. 62 – Christians, Prayer-Life of (a). Ding Li· Cuba, Missionary Cooperation' in (b) ……. 563 Mei ….. _………… , … '" .•……• 97 Danish Foreign Missions …………….• 229 – Colleges, Lack of Women in ……….. 388 Day's Work in France (b). Robert W.

– Colleges, Need for Christian…………. 888 Veach •…………•…….•……•.•. 779 – Finds Pagans in America ….•……… 153 DEATHS – – General's Wives ………………•…•. 708 – Armstrong of Bunna, Dr. W. F. .•.••••• 877 – in France, Work for the ………..•….. 168 – Ashe of India, Miss A. K. ………•• _. 796 -in Manila, For the ……………….. 318 – Baird of Samokov, Rev. John W. '…..••. 238 – Korean Mission to ' ………………… 954 – Baxter of China, Dr. Alexander K .•….. 640 – Magistrate, Prayer With a ………….. 708 – Butler of Mexico, John W ………….. 398 – Memorizing the Bible …………….. 145 – Clark of Italy, Dr. N. W ……•……..• 398 – Missionary Movement for ……•••…… 952 – Dunlap of .Siam, Rev. E. P …………• 398 – Moslems to President Wilson …..•…. 306 – New Campargn in Hunan …………… 953 – Esselstyn of Persia, Rev. Lewis F. …… 640 – New General Hospital in Wu.chang ….. _ 953 – Forman of India, John N. ………….. 76 – Frame of China, Murray Scdtt ……… 877 – New President of …•••••••….•..•.•.• 952 – Frohwein, Dr. Paul Gottfried ………••• 398 – Philanthropist .•.•••.••••••.•••••••..••• 630 -Ja~kson of China, Rev. James •….•..•• 640 – Police Reformer ••••••.••. :………… 554 – Jackson of London, John …………… 238 – Prison, In a ……………………… 389 – Rescue Home for Girls…………….. 73 – King of Toronto, William Y .••••.•.••••• 158

INDEX

: II' PAGE PAGE DEATHS-La Trobe of Saxony, Bishop Ben- Flags, Missionary Service ……………•• 129 jamin (b). J. Taylor Hamilton…….. 58 Floods in China, Great •…………..••.•• 72 Foch, Marshal, Believes in Prayer………. 943 – Mabie of Boston, Henry C. . .•.•..•….• 480 Foochow College Stirred …………….•• 466 Foreign Mission Bulletin, Woman's. Mrs. – Morrison of Africa, W. M. • ………..• 480 – Newton of India, Rev. E. P …..••….• 877 Wm. H. Farmer ..•…..•….•……. 937 Foreign Mission Bulletin, Womans (a). Mrs. – Olin, Harvey C..•••.•..•..•.•……..• 717 – Savin of China, Dr. Lewis …………• 640 William H. Farmer, 141, 297, 458, 617, 773 – Shedd of Persia, Dr. W. A. ..•.•••••••.• 796 – Missions Conference of North America, – Starr of India, Dr. Vernon H ……….. 640 Twenty-five Years of the .••…….•.• 169 – Problem in New Brunswick …………• 544 – Sterling of Gaza, Canon R. ..•………. 238 -'Students, America's Influence on (b) ….. 562 – Stevenson of China, John W ..•…•….• 877 Foreigners, Help the •••………….••…• 802 Forman of India, Rev. John Newton (b). – Williamson of Dakota, John P. ………. 76 Deland, Fla., Week in ……………•…. 300 J. C. R Ewing •…………….•…. 127 FRANCE, American Soldiers in (a). G. Democracy in China, Missionaries and …. 705 Demon Possession in Siam ……………• 552 Sherwood Eddy …………………•• 206 – Behind the Fighting Forces in (b).- Gypsy Denominations, Shall We Build Up World· Smith ……••………………..•..• 360 Wide (a). J. W. Bashford …•…..•.• 666 – Day's Work in (b). Robert W. Veach ..• 779 Devil Driving in Peking ………..•…… 784 – Indian Christian in ••…………•….• 548 – Indian Christians in ..•…………….• 947 – Worship in Chosen ………………… 705 – Indians in ……..•…………..•…•. 68 Divorce in England, Cheap ………..•….• 68 – Miniature China in ………•…..•…• 623 – Missionary Exhibit in ………………. 943 Doctor, In Need of a ……….•………. 63 – Malagasies in ………………….•.• 778 Doshisha, Growth of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0' ••• " 234 – McAlI M'ission in (b) ………•……..• 807 – Religious Future of (b) …………••.•• 561 Doukhobors and Mennonites in Canada ….. 864 – Salvation Army in ……………..•.•• 862 – Going Back ……………………… 714 – Salvation Army Women in ……..•….. 701 – Strategic Opportunity in …………… 886 Drink for Soldiers in France, No Strong … 380 – Telephone Girls in ……………..•..•. 541. – Will There Be a New Church of …….•• 791 Drive for $50,000,000, Y. M. C. A. . .•… 3, 540 – Work Among Colonials in ………….. 157 Dutch Students, Among ………..•……. 396 – Work for the Chinese in …………… 168 French Army, Red Triangle and the …..•. 778 Dyaks Give Up Head Hunting in Borneo … 553 – Churches in War Time …………….. 229 Ear-Gate, Missionary Education Through … 289 – Homes Association ………………… 701 – Indo-China as a Mission Field (a). Sam. Earthquake Damage at Swatow ………… 466 uel M. Zwemer …………………•. 748 – in Guatemala ….•…………..•…… 155 – Orphans, Farm for ……………….•• 867 – Results of the Guatemala (a). Stanley – Reforms in Morocco …………….••.• 235 – Women, Work for ………………..•. 473 White …….•••…………………. 351 Friends in Reconstruction Work, American .. 862 Ebara, Hon. Soroku ………………….. 555 – Missionary Conference of ……•….. ~ .• 312 Eddy, Sherwood, Campaign in China (b) . . . 481 Friendship, International ………..•…..• 144 Frissell's (Dr.) Twenty-five Years at Hamp- – at Canton, Sherwood ………………. 467 ton Institute (b). Wm. Anthony Aery.. 48 Education, Anti-Sectarian …………….. 65 Front, Religion at the ……………•…. 518 – Importance of Missionary …..•…….. 810 – Women at the ..•..•…………….••• 463 Furlough, Missionary on …………•…•. 9 – in Panama ….•…………………… 863 Furloughed Missionary, The (Poem). Mary – Indian's Gift to …………………… 231 E. F. Tooker ….•……………….• 457 – Through Ear-Gate, Missionary ………. 289 Gamblers, Korean Penalty for ……..••… 234 Game Won or Lost at the Home Plate •..• 367 – Value of ….•……………………. 773 Gave, When the Whole Nation …..•..••.. 633 Education to Home Missions, Debt of (a). General Assembly for China ……..••….. 871 Georgia, Jails for rent in …………….. 66 Mrs. T. C. Atchison ………………. 921 GERMAN Care for English Prisoners ..•… 474 Educational Problems in India …………. 951 – Foreign Missions, Situation in (a). K. A. Educational Progress in Asia (b) ……….. 401 Moden ………..•………….•….. 423 EGYPT, Attitude of Moslems in ……….. 715 – Missions in India ……..•…….••…. 552 – on Missions in Turkey …………•….. 625 – Christian Endeavor in ……………… 874 – Polygamy Reported ……………….. 624 – Prisoners in Englond, For ………….. 395 – Great Future for ………………•…. 151 German Mission .in Chhota Nagpur …….. 950 – Intemperance in …………………… 75 Germany, SalvatIOn Army and •……..•.. 712 Gift and Mine, His (Poem) ..•…………. 116 – Laymen's Missionary Convention in ….. 874 – Before Going Down •………………• 473 – Negro Physician's …………………• 66 – Work for Jews in …………………. 793 Gifts to the American Board ………..••.. 65 Egyptian Workers, Training …………… 792 Gingling College in Rose Time …..•…•.• 937 Eighty Millions for Methodist Home and Given Not Lost ……………..•.•…… 397 Givers, Tithers vs. Other ……………… 205 Foreign Missions, Program for ……… 5 GIVING, African ……………………. 382 – Exit Devices, Enter Principles, Mission- Elat Church,Power of the …………….. 637 ENGLAND, Cheap Divorce in ……… ,.. 68 ary (a). Mrs. E. C. Cronk …….•.•.. 609 – in Africa, Church •……•…•…•.•..•.. 311 – For German Prisoners in …………… 395 – War and Missi,?nary ……………..•.. 249 – War's Lessons 10 (a). James M. Speers•.• 202 Embezzlement (a). Edwin M. Poteat …… 903 Gods of the Africans (a). Frederick Starr.. 272 End in Sight-Yet Not the End .. , ……… 942 Gold Diggers in Africa, Mission to ….•. 956 Gordon College, Significance of ………. :: 235 England aI)d th;e Jews ……………….. 946 Gospel Message, Our. J. H. Jowett…….. 17 – Mormomsm 10 •.•.••.•..••••••••••••••• 947 – Team, Unique ……………………. 544 English Women in War Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 Government of Japan, Appreciation by the.. 631 Great Britain, Foreign Missions in ……… 484 English Prisoners, German Care for …….. 474 Greatest Force in the World (a) ……….. 327 Episcopalians, South Dakota ………….. 634 – Work m the World ………………… 727 Ethiopia Fulfilled, Promise for ……. '….. 152 Ex-Chaplains, Missionary …………….. 545 Example, Ounce of Concrete ………….. 929 Eye-Gate Methods …………………… 132 Factory, Christianity Taught in a ………. 954 Faith, Missionary Confession of. Harmon H.

McQuilkin ………………………. 528 Faith and Works in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 Far East, Industrial Training in the (a).

Horace H. Underwood …………… 675 FEDERAL COUNCIL, Korean Church … 787 – of the Churches of Christ in America '" 391 Federation Increasing, Church ………… 543 y.,?f W~man'~ Boards ……………….. 458 1)1, IndIans 10 .•••••.••••.••••••••••••••• 480 – New Problem in …………………. 318 FILIPINO Christians Suffer ……..•….. 542 – Idea of Women ………………….. 794 – Leper Colony …………………•…. 639 – Twice-Born ………………………. 237 ~j1!p!no's Pl~n .for His Life ………•….. 76 /:IP~nos, WlOmng young …………•…. 795 1 Ipmo Farmers …………………….. 956 First-Pur Country or Qur God (b). •….• 88

PAGE PAGE Greece, New Bishop in Athens …………. 712 INDIA, Head-Hunters No Longer in ….•.. 628 Greek-Anglican Cooperation …………… 548 – Home Rule Agitation in (b). . ……•.. 243 GAUTEMALA, Blow to ……………… 225 – Housekeeping Trials in …………….. 940 – Delivered From Image Worship in …… 472 -in the War, Y. M. C. A. of …………. 387 – Earthquake in ………•……………. 155 – Inspired by China's Example .•………. 149 – Earthquake, Results of the (a). Stanley – Introducing sNs ieown a Ir yd eSa so ciine t y( bo) t. •………….•.•_.. 721 – National Mi 950 White …•………………………. 351 – Gambling Outfit for Mission in ……… 714 – Making History in (b) ……………… 241 – Reconstruction in .•……………….. 863 – Missionary Occupation of (a). D. J. Flem- Haig's Faith, General .•………………. 701 Halifax, From the Ashes of …………… 228 ing …………………………….• 263 Hampton Institute, Dr. Frissell's Twenty-five – Padre's Message to Americans From …. 710 . Years at (b). Wm. Anthony Aery….. 48 – Political Future of ……•.•••••.••….• 483 Harem, Servants of the ………………. 781 Harri~?n, Dr., i~ Interior Arabia ………. 69 – Progress Toward Union in ………….. 482 – Promotion of Widow Re-Marriage in …. 783 Hawall, Lepers 111·…………………… 158 Punjaub Christian Regiment ……….•…. 551 – Remarkable Leper Asylum in ……….. 551 – Links"East and ,yvest ……………… 75 – Now Bone Dry …………………. 542 – Rev. John Newton Forman of (b). J. C. He Is Counting on You (Poem) . . . . . . . . . . . 535 R. Ewing ………•………•..•..••• 127 – Head-Hunters in Africa, Former ……. 638 – Seed Sowing Unseen in …………….. 949 – No Longer in India ………………. 628 – Self-Support or' God's Support in ……. 466 Health and the Gospel in China (a). Mrs. – Signs of the Rebirth of (b) ………….. 166 Delavan L. Pierson …… , …… " . . . . . 19 – Social Service Exhibition in ………… 709 – Commission, Philippine …………….. 794 -Heathen, A Poor ……•……………. 63 – Somewhere in ………………..•…. 950 – Worship in America ………………. 789 – South, Impressive Sights in Tinnevelly (a). HEBREW Christian Conference, British …. 228 Eugene Stock ………………•…… 907 – Christians in America ……………… 633 – Stand Against Caste in ………… , ….. 890 – Christians to Confer ……………….. 393 – Stand Against Idolatry in ..•..•…•..•.. 87 Highest Life Not Accessible in War Alone .. 247 – Student Camps in …………………. 951 HINDU Religious Ideas ……………… 710 Hinduism, Indian's View of ……………. 70 – Subduing a Criminal Outbreak in ……. 232 Hindus Kept From Church Membership …. 869 – Theosophists' Idols in …………….•. 465 – Reached Through Applied Christianity -Touching the "Untouchables" in (a). Bren- (b). . …………………………•. 730 ton T. Badley ………….•………. 251 – Were Interested ………………….. 710 – Two Pictures from ………………… 902 HOME, Foreign Missionary Problem at .•.. 633 – Week of Prayer in ………………… 949 Home Mission Council of Colored Women .. 945 – Missions, Debt of Education to (a). Mrs. – Woman's Exchange in …………•.•••. 783 T. C. Atchison ………………….. 921 – Y. M. C. A. Growth in …………•.•• 303 Indian Christian in France ……………. 548 – Mission Bulletin, Woman's. Mrs. O. R. – Christians Wish Representation …..••.• 148 Judd, ………… 59, 220, 375, 536, 695, 857 – Church, Development of the ……..•… 325 – Council Appeal for Cooperation (b). . …. 488 – Church, Evangelism in the ………….. 149 – Program, United ………………….. 170 – Church, Stiffening the Backbone of the -Week ..•….••………… , …..•… '" 807 – Missions, Annual Meeting of the Coun- (a). Mason Olcott …..•………….. 731 – Girls Work for Pilgrims ………..•.•.• 551 cil of Women for ………………… 220 – New Incentives for (b) ……..•…….. 801 – Laymen, Gathering of …•……..••.•.• 627 – Outlook at ………………………. 883 – Mass Movements, Philosophy of (b)..•.. 242 – Rule Agifation in India (b). . ••.••.•… 243 – Missions in the War ………………. 465 Holy Fire, Ceremony of the ……••…•..• 948 – Politics, Religious Factions in ……….• 869 Hop-Pickers, Evangelizing British •…….. 156 Horton, Rev. R. F. ……………….•… 63 – Ruler Encourages Missions …….•….• 799 Hospitals, Gospels in Camps and ………. 540 Hospital in Wuchang, New General …….. 953 – Song, Gospel and ……………..•….• 550 Hostess House in New york ……..•…… 301 – Villages, Fifty ……………….•….. 70 Hostesses for Colored Troops …………. 541 – Women, Large Gift to ………………. 870 Housekeeping Trials in India …………. . Huts Lost, Many Church Army ………. 462 = m INDIANS, American Indians and East …. 387 Hunan Bible Institute ……………….. 953 Idol Merchant in China, Interfering With .. 707 – "God's Language" Among the ……….. 471 Idolatry Dead in China? Is (a). Carl F. l~ ~ijit ::f~~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::: Kupfer •…………………..•…… 501 – in France ………………•……••… 68 – in North China, Floods and ……..•… 233 – of Central America (al. J. Taylor Hamil- – Not Dead in China ..•…………….. 785 Idols as Kindling Wood in China .•…….. 389 ton ……………•……………… 598 – in Siam, Gold Leaf for ………•….•..• 871 – Indians on James Bay, Canada, Christian. 866 Image Procession ..•……..•………… 951 – Training the Negroes and (b). Wm. An- Immigrants, Among. Esther N. E. Lewis .. 223 In the Front Line Trenches (b). Ralph W. thony Aery………………………. 48 Indian Christians in France …..•….•.. _. 947 Harbinson ………………………. 605 Indian's Gift to Education……………… 231 INDIA, Boy Scouts for …..•…..•.•.•… 465 – View of Hinduism…………………. 70 – British Soldiers Visit Missions in ……. 869 Industrial Evils in Japan………………. 786 – Training in the Far East (a). Horace H. – British "Tommies" Hear of Missions in .. 232 – Building Up Christianity in …………. 949 Underwood ……………..•……..• 675 – Christian Sanyasi in …………..•••… 870 – Work in North Africa………………. 792 – Christians Exempt From Plague in .••..• 551 – Workers, War Task for (a). A. W. An· – Christmas Pageant in ……………… 71 – HConsicence Clause" in ……………. 231 thony …………………….•…… 836 – Educational Problems in ••.••..•..•..•• 951 Insane in North China ………………… 468 – Effect of the War in…•..•..•………. 884 Intemperance in Egypt………………… 75 – Empire of ………•..•••.•••••••••.••• 387 International Christian Conference…••.•..• 867 – Encouraging News From •…•….•…• 709 – Christian Forces……………………• 643 – Every Member at "Vork •..•…•….••. 388 – Friendship…………•……… 300, 461, 620 – Faith and Works in ………………… 935 – Relations, Responsibility of Christian – Festival to the Water-God in .•••••..•.. 304 – German Missions in .•.•…••.•••••. " 552 Leaders for (a). Sidney L. Gulick…… 282 – German Mission in Chhota Nagpur …… 950 Iowa, Unique Gospel Team in •..•………. 544 – Guardaspur Home for Women and Chil- Is America Overchurched? (a). S. L. Mor- dren …………………•….•..••.•. 782 ris …………………•.•…•..••… 593 Islam After the War…………………. 385 – English Type of……………………. 396 – in Nyasaland ……………•……….. 479 Israel, Witness to …………………… 548 Italians Are Protestants, Returning………. 712 ITALY, Chaplains Needed in………….. 778 – Dr. Mott in …….•………..•..•.••. 462 – in America, Sons of. A. Di Domenica •..• 189 – in War Days, Missions in ……………. 396 – Spezia Mission in………………….. 867

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Jaffa, War Orphanage Opened in . . . . . . . . . . . . 781 . Korean Girls, Education of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 J ails for Rent in Georgia……………… 66 – Girls Need, What…………………… 469 JAPAN, Appreciation by the Government of.. 631 – Lepers, Care for……………………. -633 – Attacks Upon Christianity in ………… 234 – Men, Training 2,000 ………………•.• 632 – Christian Survey of Osaka…………… 73 – Penalty for Gamblers……………….. 234 – Christianity a Permanent Factor in……. 702 – Sunday-School in ……. " ………….. 954 K – Christianity Demonstrated in ………..• 873 – Women, Class for………………….. 705 – Christianity Taught in a Factory in …..• 954 Women,. S.ocial Progress of (b) ………… 642 – Destructive Typhoon in……………… 73 orean MISSIOn to China ……………… 954 – Educational Commission From ……….. 154 Koreans in America, Christian………….. 314 – Family Day in .•….•………………• 704 – Need Medical Missions? Do (b). Harry – Future of Religion in……………….. 74 1.. Rhodes ………………………. 763 – Industrial Evils in …-………………. 786 Korean's Opinion of Missions …………… 556 – Interesting Request in ………………• 234 Kru's Thirst of Knowledge……… . . . . . . . .. 383 – Lay Missionary to ………………….. 703 – Krus to Keep the Sabbath, Teaching the – Meeting of One Plus in…… . . . . . . . . . . .• 468 (b).- Walter B.. WilIiams ………….. 687 – Missionary, Pioneer ………………… 717 Kumamoto Band in Japan, New…………. 147 =~~ic~d';:sni~d ~~~.: m – New Cult in ………………………• 702 Kurds Are Suffering…………………… 309 – New Kumamoto Band in………….. ,., 147 Language in China, SymbolicaL………… 706 – New Woman's College in ……………. 402 Laos Ready to Listen …………………. 464 – Prescription for a Dying Church in …… , 390 Latin America, Paraguay'the Neglected Land – Prison Conversion in………………… 873 – Social Standards in…………………. 307 of (a). Tolbert F. Reavis ………….. 681 – Plans for Co-operation in …………… 714 . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: – Why Send Missionaries to…………… 685 -Trained Nurses in ………………….. 147 Laymen's Missionary Convention in Egypt… 874 – Training Sunday-school Teachers in …… 786 Leaves from a Physician's Note Book (a).

Japanese-American Understanding ………. 8 R. C. Thomas…………………….. 523 – and Womanhood …………………… 390 Leper Asylum in India, Remarkable ……… 551 – Business Man's Generosity ………… ~ .. 556 Lepers, Visits to the Untainted Children of – Christian Church •…………………• 245 (a). Lois Elizabeth Danner ……….. 911 – Christian Official …………………•. 555 – Colony, Filipino……………………. 639 – Evangelist, Remarkable …………….. 631 – Sunday School, Porto Rico…………… 224 – in Seattle, For…………………….. 635 Lepers, Car.':' for Korean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 633 – Leaders Invite Full Co-operation ……… 702 – In HawaII …………•…………….. 158 – Railway, Christian Welfare Work for ….• 307 – Much at Peace …………………….. 470 – Significant Tribute by a …………….. 631 Lepers' Island, Gospel on ……………… 795 – Woman, Conversion of a …………….. 703 Liberty, Universal Religious (a) …•….•.. 645 – Women, Leader of. ………………… 556 Liberians Raise Money in Memorial …….. 955 – Y. M. C. A. Deputation……………… 228 Lightening the Dark Continent (a). Wilson JAVA, Moslems in …………………… 238 S. Naylor ……………………….. 101 Javanese Moslems, Interest Among……… 465 Literature Day, Christian………………. 620 Jerusalem, Jewish University in…………. 549 – First, Second and Third of Missionary …. 212 – for Korea:, Good…………………… 787 Jerusalem, Y. W. C. A. in ……………•• – Latest News From ……………… c..• 626 – for Moslem Children, Christian ……….. 150 – New University in…………………. 868 London, Barnardo's Homes in ………….. 156 – Sunday-schools in ………………….. 711 London, Buying Up the Opportunity ……. 946 Jesus, One Touch of (a). S. D. Gordon …. 519 – Jews' Society, Aggressive Work of …… 946 Jewish Missions, Program for………….. 397 Looking Through the War Clouds (a). Rob- – University in Jerusalem ……………… 549 ert E. Speer …………………'…… 11 Jews, British Work for ………………… 623 Louisiana, Bible Forbidden in ………….. 788 Jews, Ens-land and the ………………. 946 LumLerjacks Need, What the (a). Thomas Jews' SocIety, Aggressive Work of London .. 946 D. Whittles ……………………… 821 – Conference on the ………………….. 226 Lutheran Churches Unite ………………. 866 – in Egypt, Work for………………… 793 Lutheran Church, HNorsk" Dropped From – in the Present Crisis (a). Sabeti B. Ro- American ……………. .. . . . . . . . . . .. 944 hold ……………………………. 427 – Statistics for 1917………………….. 64 – Palestine and the…………………… 5 Mackenzie's Station, Miss……………… 74 – Results of Missions to………………. 63 Madras College, Glimpse of. ……………. 775 – Scotch Mission to ………………….. 623 Makhail Mansur …………………….. 927 – Society Anniversary, London…………. 547 Mala, Gospel on……………………… ~76 – to Make Palestine Fertile……………. 626 Malagasies in France………………….. 778 – Were the Afghans ………….. ;…….. 70 Malagasy Bible …………………..•••• 479 Jowett's Farewell Message to America, Dr… 409 Malaysia, Chain of Hospitals Planned in..• ,. '09 – Schools Develop Trade in …………… ,53 Jowett's Ministry to the Multitudes, Dr. John Henry ………………………….. 408 Manchuria, Medical College in ………….. 146 Juvenile Delinquency, War and …………• 471 Mar Shimum of Persia Killed …………… 478 Kansas Mining' Camps, Children of (b). Mass Movements, Philosophy of Indian (b) .• 242 J. T. Hartman ……………………. 435 – Punjab ……•……………………. 231 Katsuda, Ginjire …………………….• 556 Masses, The Indian Church and the Evangel- ization of the (a). Brenton T. Badley .. 251 Kennedy School of Missions ……………. 713 Key in Your Pocket, Money……………. 126 McAll Mission in France (b) …………..• 807 Khartum, Significance of Gordon College…. 235 Mecca, New Schools in……………. , …. 476 Kismet or Christ? ……………………. 948 Medical Missions? Do Koreans Need (b).

Koran, Gospels and the…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 477 Harry A. Rhodes …………………. 763 KOREA, Deacon's Restitution………….. 556 – Problems in Tibet. ………………..•. 147 – Drafting Pastors for Missionary Work in.. 469 – Progress in China ………………..••• 388 – Good Literature for…………………. 787 – School in China, U.p-ta-Date …………. 306 – Industrial Training in (a). Horace H. – Training for Women………………… 870 Underwood ……………………… 675 Mesopotamia, War University in ………… 476 – Native Literature for……………….. 873 – Y. W. C. A. in…………………….. 476 – Some Missionary Hardships in ……….. 787 Method of Work, Best………………… 51 – What Christianity Has Done for (b). Yi Methods, Committee on………………… 299 Kmang Su ………………………. 607 Methodist Home and Foreign Missions, Pro- – Y. M. C. A. in Japan and ……………. 469 gram for Eighty Millions for……….. 5 Korean Centenary Program …………….. 632 – Laymen at Junaluska ……………. '"" 634 – Church Federal COuIlcil. …………….. 787 – Missions, Centenary of (a). Tyler Den- – Church, Growth of a………………… 148 nett ……………………………. 571 – Church, Missionary Power of………… 74 – Program, Southern …•.••…•………. 470

PAGE PAGE Methodist Work in East Africa …………. 716 Negroes, Caring for M'ilfrating …………. 227 Methodists Care for Orphans…………… 788 – Development of Amencan……………. 489 Meyer, Dr. F. B., and His Rivals ………. 930 – Negro Boys Refonned by…………••.• 392 Mexican Missionaries in Conference …….. 224 – Progress of the North American. . • . . . . • •• 392 _ Missionary to Costa Rica …………… 225 New Brunswick, Foreign Problem in ….•.•• 544 – Workers, Effective ……•…………… 635 – Hebrides, Savagery in..••…………••• 318 Mexicans in California…………………. 546 – Since John G. Paton (a). W. T. Gunn .•• 651 MEXICO, Bible Day in……………….. 790 – Incentives for Home Missions (b) …….. 801 – Brave Women Pioneers in …………… 546 – Mexico, Summer Schools in ………… 864 _ Brightening Outlook for (b)………….. 404 – York, Hostess House in ……………. 301 – Changed. Atti~ude in ………………… 546 Newport, Cleaning Up..•………………. 541 – ConventIOns In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 NORTH AMERICAN, Japanese Baron at – Doctor in ………………………… 471 – Dr. John W. Butler of (a). Clementina Sunday School in…………………. 312 North American Negroes, Progress of the… 392 Butler ………………………….. 439 Norwegian Missions in China…………… 146 – Encouraging Signs in (b) ……………. 161 Nupes? Who Are the…………………. 382 – Evangelical Seminary in ……………. 790 NYASALAND, Bible Speaks in…………• 875 – Fair Deal for ……………………… 224 – For Young Men in …………………. 394 = .: ::: ::: ::: ::::::::: :::::: ::: ::: m Nyasaland Contrasts-Terro rand Peace (a). – Fresh Trouble in .•….•……………•. 155 Donald Fraser •……………….•.. 897 – Mission Schools Appreciated in………. 395 ~l~~o~n – Outlook for Missions in (a). A. C. – War Time in ……………………… 716 Ohio, Church Survey in……………….• 866 Wright …………..•……………. 181 One Touch of Jesus (a). S. D. Gordon ….• 519 – Unusual Invitation in ……………….. 635 OPIUM, China Retu.rning to …………… 871 Mexico's Utopia, Yucatan (a). Mrs. Wil· -<;:row!ng in Chosen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 -In S,am …….. , •…………………. 464 liam Wallace ……………………. 185 – Trade Not Dead……………………. 708 Military Camps and Naval Stations, Survey Opportunity, Buying Up the ………….. 946 Our Present Opportunity (b). John R. Mott 437 of ……………….•………•…… 862 Outdoor Evangelism, Winter…………… 313 Miners, Transformation Among TransvaaL.. 638 Outlook for Missions in Mexico (a). A. C. Ministering to the World's Workers (b) ••… 569 Ministers, Shortage of …………••……. 544 Wright …•……….•…•…•…….. 181 Mission Knitting Bee and How It Buzzed. Overchurched? Is America (a). S. L. Mor· Carrie Lee Campbell………………. 533 ris ….•……………………•….. 593 – Studv Four Maxims for Mrs. Eva C. PALESTINE and Syrian Relief (b) ……… 324 Palestine, Coming Day in (a). David Baron 891 W,{de ………………………….. 765 – an~. the Jew.s… :…………………… 5 Missionaries, Christmas Gifts for………… 64 – British Justice In •••••.•••.•••••••••.•.• 475 – Doing in Arabia, What Are the (a) Paul – Destitution in …………………….. 308 – Fertile, Jews to Make ………………. 626 Ha1:rison ……………………….. 741 – Mission Restored ………………….. 386 – What Asia Thinks of (a). Tyler Dennet.. 130 Missionary Alliance on the Dark Continent.. 875 – Reconstruction in ………………….. 711 Missionary Society of India, National …… 950 – Red Triangle in……….·…………… 308 – Confession of Faith. Harmon H. Me· – Relief Needs in…………………….. 475 – Sacred Scrolls Restored in ………….•. • 868 Quilkin …………………………. 528 – Transformation in ………••……….. 781 PANAMA Canal, Allah and the …………. 790 – Influence, Value of…………………. 10 – Education in •…………………….. 863 – Occupation or India' (a). D. J. Fleming .. 263 Pan.Turanianism, Turkey and …..•…….. 724 – on Furlough ………………………. 9 PARAGUAY, Prospect in ….•………… 472 – Milestones ……………………….. 59 – Striving to Attain in ……………….. 946 – Stratogy, Result of (b)……………… 3 – the Neglected Land of Latin America (a). Mohammedan Advance in Central Africa (b) 322 Money, the Key in Your Pocket. . . . . . . . . . .. 126 Tolbert F. Reavis ………………… 681 Mondak, A Western Town ……………. 945 Paris, Women's Hotel in ………………. 317 Moody Bible Institute…………………. 65 Parodies of Christian Methods………….. 305 Moral Aims and Results of the War…….. 728 Pastors, Work of Camp ……………….. 540 Morali.ty, Attention to Social…………… 649 Peace and the Sword ………………….. 248 MoravIan Mother ….•……………….. 796 Peace, Outlook for …………………… 881 Mormon Chaplains …………………… 541 Peacemakers, Blessed as the……………. 809 – Doctrine in War Time ………………. 154 PERSIA and the Russian Revolution (b) …. 165 Mormonism, Attacking the Heart of. . . . . . . .. 634 – Additional Help for ……………….. 948 Mormonism in England ………………. 947 -Awful Need in …………………….. 386 – Recent Developments in. George W. Cole· – Child Rug·Weavers of Kerman ……….. 781 – Continued Need in………………….. 310 man ..•…………………………. 539 – Dark Picture from………………….. 478 – Still a Menace? Is …………………. 806 -Desperate Need in Teheran ………….. 550 MOROCCO, French Reforms in . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – Killed, Mar Shimum of. ……………. 478 – Future of ………………… :…….. 382 – Needs of Teheran College in …………. 150 Morphine Trade Stopped………………. 467 MOSLEM Children, Christian Literature for. 150 – New Crisis of Missions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 323 – Women See the Light ………………. 726 – Open Door in …………………….. 949 – Moslems and Christ's Return ………… 230 – Russian Influence in………. . . . . . . . . . .. 69 – Deeply Moved …………………….. 387 – Tabriz Hospital Looted……………… 626 -in Egypt, Attitude of. ………………. 715 – Turkish Propaganda in………………. 230 – in Java ………………………….. 238 Persian Letter ………………………. 782 -Interest Among Javanese …………….. 465 -·Women, Winning ………………….. 150 – of Central China (a). S. M. Zwemer …. 91 Peru, City Without a Public School in …••• 636 – Openings for Work Among…………… 869 Philadelphia as a Mission Field…………. 787 -Why Africans Become ………………. 383 Philippine Health Commission ………….. 794 Mothers of Men in Colombia (a). Mrs. C. S. PHILIPPINES, Films of the ………….. 716 – Native Preachers Needed in the………. 75 Williams ……………………. 826, 917 – Pen Pictures of Medical Work in the (a) Mott in Italy, Dr……………………… 462 National Churches, New Leadership in…… 402 R. C. Thomas ……………………. 523 – or International Churches-Which? (a) – Prosperity in the…………………… 397 – Protestants Welcome in …………….. 542 James L. Barton………………….. 661 Navy Church, Army and……………….. 699 – Schools Crowded in the ……… , …….• 876 – Strictness Approved ………………… 380 – Student Conference in the …………..• 639 Negro, Advancement of the…………….. 789 – Teaching the Moros Industry in the …..• 876 – Physician's Gift ……………………. 66 – Unexplored Mindanao ……………..•• 158 – War Workers, Council of. ……………. 778 – Women in Conference…… . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 Negroes and Indians, Training the (b). Wm.

Anthony Aery …………………… 48

INDEX

PAGE PAGE PHILIPPINES, Y. M. C. A. in the …….. 542 SALVATION ARMY and Germany …….. 712 Physician's Note Book, Leaves from a (a). – in France ….•……………………. 862 – in Russia ……….•………………. 624 R. C. Thomas…………………….. 523 — Women in France ………………….. 701 Pittsburgh Congress, Meaning of the. Eliza· Salvation Army's War Work ………….. 621 Santo Domingo, In …………………… 394 beth B. VermiIye…………………. 60 Scotch Mission to Jews ……………….. 623 Plague in India, ,Christians Exempt from …. 551 Self-Support or God's Support in India? …. 466 Pocket Testament in Military Camps (a). Seminary in Mexico, Evangelical………… 790 Seoul College, New Plans for. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 632 George T. B. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 – Evangelism in …………………….. 391 – Testaments in the Camps …………… . 66 Poem. Maltbie D. Babcock …………… . 839 SIAM, Bangkok Christian College ………. 783 Poles, Protestant Movement Among…….. . 544 – Demon Possession in .. 0 00 ••••• 0 ••• 0 •••• 0 552 Polygamy, New Attack on …….. '" …… , 545 – Gold Leaf for Idols in ..•………….. " 871 – Romance of ……………………… . 314 – Hookworm and Churches in …………. 783 Polyglot Chaplains Needed ……………. . 316 Port Said, Armenian Refu)fees at……….. . 151 – Modern Apostle of (a). Arthur J. Brown.. 411 Porto Rican Soldiers, Chnstian ………… . 546 = m – New Life in ……………………… 951 PORTO RICO, In "Dry"…………….. . 394 – New Railway in …..•………………. 870 – Leper Sunday SchooL .•.••………….. 224 – Prayer Club in: ……••……. , …….. . 315 g~i~~ t,es~~~. ~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: – SocIal Reform In ………………….. . 485 Postcards in China, Using Picture… ……. . 786 – Picturesque Definitions in …. 0 • •••••••• " 464 – Women Physicians for ………………. 304 Poverty in China…..•………………… 630 Siamese Giver …….••••.••…………… 304 PRAYER, A (Poem) ………………… . 426 Siamese Teachers, Standards for ……….. 952 Prayer, Call to Praise and ……………. . 887 Sikh Soldiers, An Evening with…………. 624 – in India, Week of ……………….. . 949 Singapore a Strategic Center……………. 552 – New Mission College in……………… 783 – League, Great Commission …………. . 944 Situation in German Foreign Missions (a). – Marshal Foch Believes in ………….. . – as a Missionary Method……………… 50 K. A. Moden ……….•…………… 423 Sixth Sense in Missionary Training.. . . . . . . .. 368 – Every Minute ….•………………..• 795 Slavery in German East Africa ……….. , " 74 Prayer-life of Chinese Christians (a). Ding Slessor Memorial, Mary……………….. 384 SOCIAL Question, Church and the (a). Li·Mei ..,………….. : …………. . 97 John McDowell ………………. 583, 832 Prayer, Worker's. Evan Roberts ………. . 817 – Reform in Porto Rico……………••… 485 – Service Expedition in India………….. 709 PRAYING for the West, East…………. . 872 -for War Time………………………. 778 – Versus Profanity ………………….. . 648 SOLDIER and His Tesetament. …….•. '" 156 Precept and Example for Mission Study … . 765 – Comment on Camp Life …………….. 699 Prejudice in Brazil, Overcoming ………. . 945 Soldiers and the Bible…………………. 540 PRESBYTERIAN Church, Work of the … . 543 – Christian Work for College …….•….. 861 – Plans, Enlarged ………………….. . 805 -in France, No Strong Drink for………. 380 – Read, What the ..•………………… 462 – Program of Progress……………….. . 486 – Study Bible by MaiL ……………… " 381 Presbyterians Aim Hi~h, Southern . . . . . . . . . . 634 – Teach Bible Classes…………………. 463 Preserving MissionarIes, Methods of (a) – Who Are Neglected…………………. 541 Mrs. E. C. Cronk………………… . 450 Soldier's Religion at the Front (a). Thomas PROHIBITION for Britain……………• 473 Tiplady …………………………. 107 Progress Campaign, Five Years ……….. . 944 Some Compensations of War (a). Alfred – in Australia …………….. 0 0 •• 0 •••• 0 0 397 – Progress Toward (b) ••.•…..•………. 725 Wms. Anthony …………………… 811 – Some Results of. ………………….. . 246 SOUTH AMERICA, New Opportunity in Prophets, Modern School of the (a) J. H. (a). Samuel Guy Inman…………… 37 Sammis .00000 ••• 0 •••••••• 0 •••••••• 0 •• 0 117 – Signs of Progress in (b) …………….. 803 Protestant Work in Spain …………….. . 68 SPAIN, Gospel in…………………….. 157 Punjab Mass Movements ……………… . 231 – Protestant Teacher in………………. 712 Railways, China's Need of. •…………•… 784 – Protestant Work in ………………. 68, 792 Recollections of a Missionary Tour (a) Spiritual Clinic i·n Africa (a). Jean Mac- Eugene Stock ……••…………….. 269 kendie ………………………….. 339 Reconstruction Work, American Friends in.. 862 St. Bernard for J al?an ……………….. " 703 Red Cross Unit in South Africa (a). B. Car· Statistics, Compaflson of Missionary (a).

ter Milliken …..•……………….. 840 Burton St. John ………………….. 357 – When the Whole Nation Gave to the ….. 633 – Growth of American Churches………… 470 Stearns and Missions, Dr…………….,… 226 Relief, Ten Milli<>n Dollars for (a). James Stiffening the Backbone of the Indian Church L. Barton ………..••.•••..•…….. 491 Religion at the Front…………………. . 518 (a). Mason Olcott. ………………. 731 Religious, Incurably ……..•………….. 380 Strategy, Result of Missionary (b)………. 3 Rescue" Mission in Boston, Great. …… 0 •• 0 • 312 Struggle for Democracy in China (a). Chang Responsibility of Christian Leaders for Inter- Po·Ling ……………..•………… 347 national Relations (a). Sidney L. STUDENT Conference in the Philippines…. 639 – in War Time (b)…………………… 81 Gulick ………………………….. 282 – Work, Committee on………………… 297 Results of the Guatemala Earthquake (a). – of the Woman's Board of Missions. Mrs.

Stanley White ……………………. 351 Frank Gaylord Cook ………………. 618 Revolution Among Children in Asia …… . Student Camps in India ……………… 951 Students and the War…………………. 67 Richter, Dr. Julius, on Missions in Turkey.. . 625 – Students' War Fund ……………….. 380 Robbers Being Reformed in China ………• 468 Study Courses, Home Mission. Edith H. Al- Roman Catholic Confession of Faith…….. . 393 Rum, Casting Out the Demon (b) . . . . . . . . . 83 len …………………………….. 222 RUSSIA, Liberty and License in (b) …… . 163 – Books, New……………………. 378, 461 – In Darkest ……………….•…….. 947 – Precept and Example for Mission ……… 765 – Salvation Army in……. 0 • 0 ••••••••• 0 ••• 624 Sudan, Austrian Mission to the …………. 310 – Unhappy (b) …………………….. . 723 – Sunday School in Shulla Land ……….• 874 – View of the Situation in (a). John R. Suicides in Japan…………………….. 390 Mott …………………………… 171 Summer Schools, Coming of……………. 378 – Y. W. C. 'A. Pioneers in …………….. 474 – of Missions "To the Fore" Again…….. 0 460 SUNDAY-SCHOOL a War Necessity……. 713 – Young Women in Petrograd………….. 230 – After the War……………………… 64 Conference in Argentina ……•… ; …… 863 Russian Bible Society in 1818…………… 792 – Evangelization, American Interest in (b) .. 405 in "Persi.a. ';,' .~ – Infiuen<:,e 0 • 0 •••••• 0 • 0 ••• 0 69 – RevolutIOn, Atheism m ……………. 317 – Persia and the (b) …………………. 165 Sabbath, Teaching the Krus to Keep the (b). Walter B. Williams ………………. . 687 –

PAGE PAGE SUNDAY-SCHOOL in China, Unusual. …. 389 WAR, Moral Aims and Results of the …… 728 -in North America, Japanese Baron at ….. 312 – Orphanage Opened in Jaffa …………. 781 -in Shulla Land, Sudan ………………. 874 -Programme for Young People …….. ~…. 89 – Re~ponsibility, Our (b). Floyd, W. Tomp- – Teachers in Japan, Training………. . . .. 786 Sunday-Schools in Jerusalem …………. _ 711 kills……………………………. 16 Swatow, Earthquake Damage at. ………. _ 466 – Some Compensations of (a). Alfred Wm.

Syrian Relief} Palestine and (b) …………. 324 Antony …………………………. 811 Tabriz HospItal Looted.. ___ .. _…….. _.. _. 626 – Students and the…………………… 67 Tagalog Bible, Difficulties in the .. _.. _. ___ . _ 717 – Sunday-school Alter the…………….. 64 Teheran College, Persia, Needs of. ……… _ 150 – The Church in Time of (a). J. H. Jowett 466 Temple Festival at Tsingtao _………. _.. , 953 – Time, French Churches in …………… 229 Temperance in Boston. _. _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545 – Missionary Demands ……………….. 644 -in Hawaii .. _.. __ . _. ___ .•• _____ ……… , 542 – Mormon Doctrine in………………. ~. 154 'Testaments for African Troops …… , ……. 621 – Social Service for………………….. 778 Testimony, Chinese Student's … , … ,., ….. 707 – Task for Industrial Workers (a). A. W. Anthony ………………………… 836 Texas, Extension Work in ……. '" …….. 865 Thanksgiving,. Armenian Refugee's ………. 499 – University in Mesopotamia…………… 476 The City, Ignoble (Poem) Frank Thone….. 597 – "Vork, Latest News on 380, 540, 621, 699, 777, 861 -Noble (Poem) …………………….. 597 Theosophists' Idols in India …….. , ……. 465 – Work, New Plans for……………….. 622 Thermometer Soars, Missions When the ….. 529 War in India, Effect of the ……………. 884 Tibet, Medical Problems in.. , …….. , ….. 147 – Time, English Women in ……………. 882 – What? After the ………………… 882 Tinnevelly, South India, Impressive Sights in (a). Eugene Stock .; …….. , ……. , 907 – Work, End in Sight-Yet Not the End of 942 – Seed Sowing in…………………….. 390 – Latest News on …………………… 942 Tithers vs. Other Givers ……………… 205 War's Lessons in Giving (a). James M. Speers …….•………………….. 202 Touching the "Untouchables" in India (a) Brenton T. Badley ………………… 251 Waste, Sin of (b). Helen Merrick Semple… 857 White, Mrs. Martha Campbell …………… 50 Tour, Recollections of a Missionary (a) Eugene Stock ……………………. 269 Why? John R. Mott ………………… 861 Tracts in Many Tongues……………….. 543 – Did They Do It? (b). William M. Dan- Transyaal Miners~ Transformation. Among. .. 638 ner …………………………….. 686 Trek~lng. the AfrIcan Continent (a). J. Du Widow Re-marriage in India, Promotion of.. 783 essls …………………………. 331 Will Americans Do It? ……………….. 567 Wilson and Missions, President …………. 713 m Trenches, In the Front Line (b). Ralph W. Vitnessing Protestants of Belgium (a).

– M¥S~i~~~oin th~: :: :'. ::'. :: '. :…. ::'. ::'. '.: :'. :: Henri Anet ……………………… 343 SWITZERLAND, Bible Suhool in ……… 947 Woman Missionary's Job ……… , ……… 617 Womanhood, Japanese and …………….. 390 TURKEY and Pan·Turanianism…………. 724 Woman's College in Japan, New .. ,……… 402 — Call for Missionaries for…………….. 386 Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin. Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer …………………. 937 – German on Missions in ……… :…….. 625 – G~,!,pses of Relief Work in (b). Mary W. – Foreign Mission Bulletin (a). Mrs. Wil- liam H. Farmer …… 141, 297, 458, 617, 773 – Mi;:i~~ar'i~~; ·N·e";;~.' ~f' : :: : : : :: : :: : :: :::: ~~~ – Proposes an Armenian Republic ………. 868 – Home Mission Bulletin. Mrs. O. R. Judd ………….. 59, 220, 375, 536, 695, 857 – To Train Women in………………… 549 -lfissionary Society, Chinese …………. ·954 – Who Is to Make Over…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 549 WOMEN at the Front. ……………….. 463 -in War Time, English ………………. 943 – Why Not War With……………….. 474 – Outside the Church, For …. ,., ……… 942 – Filipino Idea of……………………. 794 Turkish Propaganda in Persia …………. : 230 – in Asia, New Era for (b) ……………. 641 – in Chinese Colleges, Lack of…………. 388 – Testimony to Mission Schools………… 308 – in Petrograd, for Young …………… 230 – in Turkey, to Train ……………….. 549 U. S. A., Darkest Spot in the .. , …… , ….. 314 – in Uniforms, No Alcoholic Beverages for.. 393 – New Era for Chinese ……………….. 871 UNION Church Building……………… 301 – of Chosen (a). William Elliot Griffis …. 197 – Troubles of Zulu …………………… 384 – Community Service ………………… 788 – Winning Persian ………………….. 150 Workers, Ministering to the World's (b) …. 569 -,in A,!stralia, Church ……………….. 237 Working for Missions (a). Mrs. E. C.

– In ChIna, Church…………………… 644 Cronk ………………………….. 368 -Ill South Africa, Church …………….. 152 "Y," The Practical ………………….. 942 Young People, War Programme for……… 89 LTnion in Australia, Church …………… 956 Y. M. C. A. at Charlestown, New ………. 701 – The Practical …………….. ,…….. 942 – Movements, New Church …………… 889 – VV,.ork at a Glance, American………… 942 Unite, Lutheran Churches…….. . …… .f.o~ 866 – Campaign, Coming ………………… -729 United National Christian Churches, Plea ~ Deputation, Japanese ……………….. 228 – Drive, New ……•..•…………….. 3, 540 (a). James L. Barton …………….. 661 – Party Torpedoed ..•.•……………… 463 – Growth in China…………………… 306 – Study of Foreign Missions…….. ….. 298 ~ Growth in India …………………… 303 – in Japan and Korea ………………… 469 Unity, Further Steps Toward…….. : ….. : 711 – in the Philippines………………….. 542 UnIversal Religious Liberty (a) …………. 645 – of India in the War………………… 387 Urumia, Refugees in ………………….. 477 – Twenty Years of the Shanghai ……….. 630 Vacation Bible Schools, California ……… 945 – War Funds Are Used, How ………..•.. 621 Values, Comparative ………………….. 796 Venezuela, Seed Sowing in, ……………. 316 V~ra S;-uz, Dis~,ensar~ in ……. … '" …… 472 VIce, Crusade Agamst. ……………… 622 View of the Situation in Russia (a) John R.

Mott ….•…………… ,……….. 171 Waldensians in the War …………… '" .: 317 Wang of Wuchang, Mr………………… 233 Watanaba, Miss Tsune ………………… 556 – .:{I0'E' WAR Aims,. Ministers Study……………. 700 HIg;hest Life Not Accessible in. . .. 247 – n manc!pator III Italy ………….. '" 474 – and JuvenIle Delinquency ……………. 471 – Miss!onary Giving …………………. 249 …:… Work for the Black Troops ………….. 310 Y. W. C. A. for South Africa, Colored …… 312 =~ ~~~~~~~i~·:::·.::·.·.:::::::·.:::::::: ~i! – MiSSIons, Canada, the (a) Principal Gan. <!Ier ………..•…………………. 124 -Bring Church Union, Will the (b) …….. 487 – Clouds, Looking Through the (a). Robert – Pioneers in Russia …………………. 474 E. Speer ………………………… 11 Yucatan, Mexico's Utopia (a). Mrs. Wil- – Demolish Barriers? Will the ………… 490 liam Wallace ……………………. 185 – Islam After the ……………………. 385 Zulu Women, Troubles of. …………….• 384

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1918

in German Foreign

FACTS WORTH QUOT][NG ~'""'-= For Use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings.

(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for June.) 1. Only six years ago Dr. John W. Butler rescued portions of the Bible which were being burned in the street in Mexico City. Recently in this same city a Methodist Bible woman sold over 2,000 copies of the Bible in a few weeks. (See page 439.) =~== T::r:era::n:~::tthl~o~~o~:r::nst~~~:l~:::::e'mi~~;:n:::: :~;~ =i =_= 2. Plans are now under way for a Protestant University in Brazil, a country in which ==§- – 3. on the miSSIOn fields. § ,, Some 400 who entered the army have been killed, wounded or taken prisoners. Most of the German missions have been taken over by the British, Americans and Swiss. ==_ I_ (See page 424.) – ! 4. The wife of a Chinese official, to whom a missionary gave a Bible, said afterward §!

that she and her husband both wanted to read it at the same time, and that it I:: was not convenient to have only one copy. (See page 458.) 5. Dr. Dunlap, who was for forty years a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, was == influential in having a law passed against lotteries. He had easier access to the king than anyone except members of the cabinet. (See page 411.) ! 6. A very conservative estimate puts the amount spent by Jews for reconstruction in Palestine at not less than $500,000,000. N ow they are planning to return III I larger numbers to establish a Jewish state. (See page 420.) i 7. Another instance of the way in which war needs are binding together widely scattered portions of the world is to be found in the contribution by Sunday- schools in India of over $8,000 for the relief of Belgian children. (See page 465.) :~===5: 8. Marble figures of Madame Blavatsky and of Colonel Olcott are the central objects of worship in an extraordinary shrine maintained in the headquarters of the Theosophical Society in India. (See page 465.) 9. Combatants and members of labor battalions in the war speak seventy-two dif- ferent languages, in everyone of which the British and Foreign Bible Society has had versions of the Scriptures ready. More than 7,000,000 copies have been I distributed all told. (See page 462.) § 10. The eight representatives of the National Board of Young vVomen's Christian Associations now in Russia are making history there. Driven out of one city by revolutionary conditions they begin Association work for the women and girls of the next center wh~re they find themselves, so that work is now going on ;E in four cities. (See page 474.) 11. The introduction of primary schools and the beginning of sanitation are among § the reforms being introduced into Mecca by the new king of the Hedjaz. (See page 476.) § 12. At Kabyle, an African Moslem, on being told that the operation needed to save E the life of his wife would cost 200 francs, took her back home again, telling the I= 13. missionary doctor that for that sum he could buy a new wife. (See page 478.) The translation of the Bible into the language of the Navaho Indians, recently completed, is called in the native tongue, "God's Language." (See page 471.) .

==111111111111111111111111111111111111 /111111111/1111111111111" / I " 11111111111111""" 1I111111111111111111111111J11J11J11111111"~ J~hn, W , Butler of MexIco _in As& A MAP OF 'THE. CONTl!N1S A Modern Apostle … in Siam on ~ OF THE WORl..D iN 'IHI8 NVM.JD .

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ June, 1918 NUMBER SIX EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS IN ASIA O NE of the hindrances to the rapid evangelization and education of Asiatic peoples has been their illiteracy and the unwieldy . characters of their language. In China) for instance, there are some 4000 characters in use. People who have an alphabet and can use Homan letters are much more easily taught and the printing of literature is simplified.

In Japan and China efforts have been made to introduce Roman characters, and thus make education easier for the comm,on people. In India also a pamphlet has been published by the Christian Literature Society, in which a strong argument is presented for the adoption of the Roman alphabet, in modified form, for all the languages of India. The ,need for such a reform is apparent, considering that ninety per cent. of the population of India, 277,000,000, are illiterate. One reason for 'the illiteracy is the difficulty of teaching the 150 native languages, which employ such highly complicated and numerous characters as symbols that it takes an Indian boy.or girl the larger part of his school days to acquire a reading knowledge of the tongue. In view of the fact that there are sixty-four different sounds to be represented in the languages of the country, with an average of. fortyeight sounds for the leading tongues, diacritical marks would need to be used to differentiate the letters.

In China considerable progress is being made in education in spite of the unsettled political conditions and the diverting of school money for military expenditures. The Minister of Education has created educational bureaus in the provinces find they expect to introduce vocational education. The Vocational Education Association, of which Dr. Monliu Chiang, a Ph.D. of Columbia University, is secretary, publishes a monthly magazine and is planning to open a vocational school in Shanghai.

A NEW WOMAN'S COLLEGE IN JAPAN H IGHER Christian Education for women in Japan is a great mark of progress. The "Woman's Christian Union College opened its doors in Tokyo last April, with Dr. Nitobi, the well-known Japanese educator, as honorary president, and Miss Tetsuko Yasui, one of Japan's educational leaders, as dean. This is to be the highest in grade of any school for women in Japan. The Boards of six denominations which are back of this college conduct seventeen high schools in different parts of Japan, and these are expected to prepare students for the new college. The various courses of study will include language and literature; domestic science; business; music and art. Definite religious instruction will be a part of the regular work and it is intended to have the entire life of the school permeated with a Christian atmosphere.

'rhe successful beginnings of the union colleges for women in Madras, India, and Nanking, China, have encouraged those who are "V responsible for the similar enterprise in Japan to expect still greater things for the omen's Christian College. At present it is in rented quarters near Shinjulm, one of the SUburbs of Tokyo. The six missions and boards in America, which are ('o-operating in the movement, are the American Baptist (North), Churches of Christ, Methodist Church of Canada, Methodist Episcopal Church, Presbyterian (North), and Reformed Church (Dutch). The financial support of the college is divided between these boards, each being responsible in proportion to the number of girls' high schools supported by it in Japan. These schools are being asked to standardize their work, ~o that those willing to enter the college may take the entrance examinations and enter at once. It is hoped to begin with one class of a hundred students. The great need is a good teaching staff and properly qualified officials.

NEW LEADERSHIP IN NATIONAL CHURCHES T IMOTHY luis been called the first native Christian bishop in Asia Minor. Since that time native bIshops have been appointed in various mission fields, under one name or another, but all in reality supervisors. In recent years an advance step was taken in the British Church Missions, when V. S. Azariah was consecrated Bishop in India-as leader in a national Indian Church. This appointment expressed the growing conviction on the part of American and British " missionaries in the Orient that the native clergy should be put in the highest positions of leadership.

On the same principle a Japanese is to be made diocesan bishop and Bishop Cecil Boutllower of South Tokyo proposes to resign his bishopric, in order to make this possible. It is his intention to stay in the diocese and act as suffragan to the new bishop.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"It is not too much to say," comments the O. M. B. Gleaner, "that this move will be a great event in the history of the Japanese Church, and that its value will be much enhanced by Bishop Bouttlower's Christian spirit in deciding, if the proposal matures, to take the lower seat and act as suffragan to the new Japanese bishop."

A similar step was taken in China when, in December last, the Synod of the Chekiang diocese elected Archdeacon Sing Tsae-Seng as Assistant Bishop. The General Synod of the Cheng Hua Sheng Kung Hui (the Episcopal Church in China) was expected to confirm the election at its meeting in April. Archdeacon Sing has Christian history behind him, for his father was the fi.rst Anglican Chinese clergyman, and he himself has for many years taken a leading part in the church life of China. He has also given two sons to the ministry of the Ghurch.

There are several native bishops in Africa and the Methodist Church has an able Japanese bishop. This is an encouraging sign of the progress of Christianity.

A PROTES1'ANT UNIVERSITY FOR BRAZIL THE program for advancement in Latin-America is moving on apace. As one result of the Panama Congress in 1916, plans are on foot for the establishment of a Protestant University for the great Portuguese-speaking republic of Brazil. In this great and growing country 74 per cent. are illiterate. In the United States there are five times as many schools and nearly ten times as many pupils in proportion to the population as has Brazil.

In the less progressive states the equipment is very primitive, the number of schools very inadequate, and the methods crude.. Pupils study aloud, the idea being that the more noise they make the better work they are doing. In the more advanced states there are signs of progress.

The modern methods and ideals are being introduced into Brazilian schools, but the higher educational institutions are bound up with ancient theories. Their influence is materialistic and atheistic. If her no other reason than to serve the sixty-thousand Protestants in Brazil, or, including foreigners, a Protestant community of 500,000 people, there should be a university to provide tllem with opportunity for a Christian education. Many other Brazilians also, who are not Protestants, recognize the superiority and strength of Protestant ideals and character, and desire to send their sons tD Protestant institutions. The great difficulty in the past has been to prevent the dissipating of the Protestant atmosphere in mission schools by the attendance of too lllany from Roman Catholic homes.

Another reason for the urgency of this call is the increasing need for PrQtestant Christian leaders in all professional spheres-churches, schoo!!'l, law and hledieine espeeially. If the Protestant Church is to

grow and be strengthened, there must be leaders properly trained under the right auspices. The establishment of truly Ohristian schools of higher learning, equipped with professors capable of teaching the best in religion and science, and every practical branch, would bring incalculable blessing to the youth of Brazil, and through them to the whole Oontinent.

The Protestant schools of Brazil today include 80 primary, 30 or more intermediate, 17 secondary, or high schools, and seven professional schools or faculties, training in agriculture, pharmacy, dentistry, commerce, engineering and theology. These schools have about 4,000 students, and 150 teachers, but are very inadequate for the present needs. There should be schools or faculties of medicine, law, and pedagogy. 'i'here· is in Brazil a University Federation movement among Protestants. This has been in existence for five years, and includes a large part of the Evangelical churches and missions. This movement cannot fail to exercise a profound influence on Protestant education in Brazil, and in fact on the whole national system of public instruction.

There is a marked friendliness of officials and influential classes toward the Evangelical educational institutions. Such mission enterprises as Mackenzie Oollege have exerted a wide influence: The spirit of cooperation is increasing, and the new friendliness of North and South Amrica will also help to promote an institution founded and conducted on a modern Evangelical basis. The fact that the Y. M. O. A. at Rio de Janeiro has recently raised $100,000 for a new building is one indication of the desire of intelligent Brazilians to cooperate with Evangelical Ohristian enterprises. 'i'he sum of $1,000,000 is asked to establish and strengthen professional schools united in a University Federation.

BRIGHTENING OUTLOOK FOR MEXICO T HERE is still a good deal of political disturbance in north- west Mexico, but in other regions there seems to be almost com- plete quiet. The missionary work of the Pr.otestant missions in Mexico has gone steadily forward throughout the Mexican revolution. Churches in outof-the-way places have suffered some material damage and in a few instances congregations have been scattered, due in part to the severe famine which has prevailed in some parts of the country. Fortunately the churches in the larger centers, like Mexico Oity, Guadalajara, Puebla, Monterey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Tampico, Vera Oruz and Merida have had earnest native pastors who have guided their churches through the crises when the revolution was sweeping all be· fore it.

The conviction is general that Mexico is now ready for a great forward movement. Never in all the history of Protestant work in that country have such crowds attended the preaching services. Last

1918J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

year a revival in Mexico City resulted in the professed conversion of nearly 1,000. There is a new eagerness to read Christian literature. And the tragic events of the past seven years may have paved the way for Mexico's spiritual rebirth.

The attitude of the Government toward Protestant missions is distinctly favorable, in spite of the apparent obstacles in the constitution. Some well informed friends say that the provisions of the constitution are misunderstood by many and deliberately misinterpreted. by others. It has in no case vitally interfered with Protestant work. Missionaries are very scrupulous about observing to the letter its provisions with reference to foreigners taking part in the religious instruction of the people. The real purpose of this legislation has been to eliminate the vast numbers of foreign Roman Catholic priests who have been imported to Mexico since the Catholic Church was disestablished in France and in the Philippine Islands. While American missionaries are not permitted to serve as pastors of churches, many of them remain in Mexico to administer their work, teach in the schools, publish literature and periodicals and aid the native workers in every way possible. They leave it to Mexican pastors to administer the sacraments, preach and conduct formal religious services. This will mean a large development of the native ministry.

The largest regular Sunday congregation in the Republic of Mexico is-at the bull-ring. The next largest, out-numbering the gathering in any church or cathedral, is at the Mexican preaching service in the Methodist Church in ,Calle Gante. There never was a time in Mexico when the Gospel seemed to come so near the hearts of the impoverished and distressed people. There are seven hundred children regularly in Methodist Snnday-schools in the capital on Sunday mornings.

AMERICAN INTEREST IN RUSSIAN EVANGELIZATION T HE unfortunate breaking down of law and order in Russia, with the consequent menace to the allied cause, and to the freedom of Rumania and Persia, has not lessened the interest of American Christians in the spiritual welfare of Russians. This is shown not only in the efforts of various religious organizations to call attention to Russia's great need in this crisis, but has a practical expression in the Russian Bible and Educational Institute, established by Rev. William Fetler in Philadelphia. This school has now one hundred students and is preparing Russians for service in their own country.

A special call has been issued for conference and prayer on behalf of Russia, to meet in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, from June 24th to 28th. This call is signed by some of the best known Christian leaders of all Evangelical denominations in America. In the call the

following statement is made as to the great problem of Russia's evangelization: The Revolution in Russia has resulted in throwing open to the Gospel the largest country, with its largest population of white people, in the world. There are 182,000,000 people in Russia, and yet there are not as many evangelical workers there as in the city of Chicago alone. Any adequate evangelization plan must embrace not only the hundred million native Russians, but also the seven million Jews, the twenty million Poles, the thirty million Ukrainians, millions of Mohammedans (Tartars, Kurds, Kirghiz, etc.) Armenians, Roumanians and Greeks, and besides these the Bulgarians, Servians, Croatians, Montenegrins and other related Slavonic peoples.

The propaganda of atheism and materialism is already assuming a wful proportions. There is no time to lose. The Greek Orthodox Church is rapidly losing its grip upon the hearts of the people, and before long large masses of simple religiously inclined Russians may be led astray into complete infidelity. Millions of the people are looking for something different.

The greatest immediate need is the printing and circulating of at least a million copies of the Russian Bible, three million copies of the New Testament and a large supply of the very best Russian evangelical literature. Then several hundred evangelists, colporteurs and Christian workers must be trained and equipped for Sf'rvice in Russia. Already one hundred lRussians in America have offered themselves for soul-saving service in their native land and are now in training, and there are also hundreds of converted and educated men in Russia who haye suffered for their faith and who now need to be rallied and encouraged.

A vital factor in the realization of a comprehensive plan for Russia must be the evangelization of the Russian and other Slavonic people in America in order that they may return to their native lands fully equipped for effective service. The united prayers of God's people everywhere must be offered up in behalf of these long neglected multitudes.

'J'lle Conference will be led by Rev. William Fetler and a choir of about fifty students from the Russian Bible Im:titute of Philadelphia are expected to sing their Russian hymns. Russian and other Slavonic evangelists and missionary workers of the Chicago Tract Society will also assist. 'J'his conference may mark an epoch in Russian history and in the progress of Christianity.

What will be reserved for the Russia of the future? Will she lose her body and gain her soul? Already she has lost the Ukraine in the South, Poland, Finland, Courland, Livonia and Eshonia. 'With the setting of her political sun, may the Sun of Righteousness arise for Russia with healing in His wings.

~~————~–~==

ARE WE READY FOR VICTORY?

PRESIDENT 'VIIJSON has rendered a real service in issuing a proclamation calling on the American people to observe May 30th (Memorial Day) as "a day of public humiliation, prayer and fast· ing." This follows the Congressional resolution passed on April 2nd: "It being a duty peculiarly incumbent in a time of war humbly and devoutly to acknowledge our dependence on Almighty God and to implore His aid and protection, the President of the United States is hereby respectfully requested to commend a day of public humiliation, prayer and fasting, to be observed by the people of the United States with religious solemnity and the offering of fervent supplications to Almighty God for the safety and welfare of our cause, His blessing on our arms, and a speedy restoration of an honorable and lasting peace to the nations of the earth."

The President, in his proclamation, calls upon all American citizens to assemble "in their several places of worship and there, as well as in their homes, to pray Almighty God that He may forgive our sins and shortcomings as a people and purify our hearts to see and love the truth, to accept and defend all things that are just and right, and to purpose only those righteous acts and judgments which are in conformity with His will; beseeching Him that He will give victory to our armies as they fight for freedom, wisdom to those who take counsel on our behalf in these days of dark struggle and perplexity, and steadfastness to our people to make sacrifice to the utmost in support of what is just and true, bringing us at last the peace in which men's hearts can be at rest because it is founded upon mercy, justice and goodwill."

There is need for personal and national humiliation and prayer. The crisis demands it. The chaos in Russia, the destructive power of . enemies' forces, the desperate struggle for mastery in Europe, and the tremendous sacrifice of life, practically the whole ,,'orld at war-are enough to banish any false optimism. Those most familiar with the situation view it with most concern. The struggle is gigantic, the sacri· fice is staggering, and military authorities talk of from five to eight years more of exhausting war.

There is one Power and only one that can bring speedy victory and lasting peace-that power is Almighty God. He could, in a moment, with the exercise of His will or by natural laws, sweep an army' out of existence, bring confusion into the councils of the enemy or cause sudden, withering fear to seize upon them. 'Would such divine inter· position be a blessing to the world? Are we ready for victory?

None can doubt that God wills the triumph of righteousness and Americans have good reason to believe that their cause is righteous. President Wilson rightly calls on us to pray to Almighty God who can give the victory. But we may well ask ourselves, "Are we ready for the answer to this prayer?" It may be that God cannot grant the request

because victory for the Allies at this time -would not accomplish His good purpose. Have we as yet learned the lessons from our failures that have produced the present crisis? We wish for victory and peace but the desire may be selfi~h, to avoid further sacrifice. vVould we as. a nation use victory and peace to extend the Kingdom of God on earth?

As our President declares, we need first of all humble confession of sins, personal, family and national, with a true repentance and turning to God. We need it because men are still putting their trust in material things and in human strategy. While doing their utmost they have not yet learned to say truthfully "Some trust in armies and some in ammunition but we will remember the name of Jehovah, our God." This does not cut the nerve of effort but it gives a new basis for confidence. Liberty bondsf food, the Red Cross, ships, munitions will not win the war. They are needed, but our confidence must not rest in them.

There is need of humiliation and confession because of the sins that have eaten away the strength of the nations. It is weakness and foolishness to shut our eyes to these faults. They must be acknowledged and corrected. We have neglected God's laws. Call to mind the unrebuked profanity and the impurity in camp, city and country; the intemperance, the disobedience of children and the low standards of family life; the selfishness and dishonesty in business and politics; the worship of gold and the mad rush after pleasure. Note the disregard of God's Day, the neglect of His worship, and the disobedience to His Word as the rule of faith and practice. Above all there is a dishonoring of God's Son in word and deed and a general disregard of His program for the world.

It is not enough to say that other nations are worse than we. Our privileges have been greater and we therefore have greater cause for. confession and contrition. Many in Britain and America are conscious of these faults and are eagerly seeking the remedy. A national repent- _ ance is needed. ' Those nations that are ready to acknowledge God's sovereignty and obey His laws are the one's who have a right to pray for God is able and ready to give victory. Are we ready to Co-olJcrate with Him in all His good plans for the world?

DR. JOWETT'S MINISTRY TO THE MULTITUDES.

AFTER seven years of service in the American metropolis, Dr. John Henry Jowett, one of the most honored and loved of Christian ministers, has returned at the call of his country to the world's metropolis. His service in America can never be adequately measured. As a preacher of the Word of God he has fed multitudes who, Sunday after Sunday, thronged the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Ohurch. They came from every part of America, and from all over the world. They came hungry and went away spiritually fed. Dr. Jowett greatly influ-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

enced his fellow ministers, and set a new standard of preaching for thousands of other pastors.

Statistics cannot indicate the result of Dr. Jowett's service, but it is interesting to note that the membership of his church increased from 2,280 to over 2,800 in the seven years. Among these were seven hundred who united with the church on confession of faith and five hundred by letter. He solved the problem of the mid-week service, which was crowded to overflowing. His audiences were not so much charmed by the beauty of his diction and his intellectual keenness as they were helped by his spiritual insight and the practical value of his message.

In giving, the congregation made a remarkable record. The gifts reported to the General Assembly increased from 1911 to 1917 nearly three hundred per cent for home missions and four hundred per cent for foreign missions. The congregational expenses remained almost stationary, while the miscellaneous gifts increased from $4,679 in 1911 to $763,270 in 1917. Altogether the seven years brought in over $425,000 to home missions, over $380,000 to foreign missions and $2,475,000 to miscellaneous causes.

Dr. Jowett served efficiently as a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, but he thrust aside thousands of invitations for social and ecclesiastical diversions in the way of addresses, committees and conferences. He made preaching the Gospel his one business. America is more Ohristlike because of his ministry_ He interpreted Ohrist to his American hearers and to his much larger circle of readers. He led them faithfully and reverently into the presence of God throughout his ministry as he did in his closing message to his people on April 14th. His final words were: "I lead you where I have sought to lead you for the last seven years. I lead you to Jesus, the Ohrist, the risen Saviour, the reigning King of Glory. All my hope on Him is stayed. I believe in the morrow, because I believe in Him. Let us revere Him! Let us love Him! Let us follow him! In this closing moment of my ministry I exalt Him as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, the undefeatable Saviour, the incomparable Oompanion, the Friend who sticketh closer than a brother. I exalt Him as the Lord of life, the Oonqueror of death, and the Fountain of deathless hope."

DR. JOWETT'S FAREWELL MESSAGE TO AMERICA.

I return to my native land a great debtor to the American people. These last seven years have been to me a time of continual enlargement. One could not be contented with a parish or with a country; one had to seek the message that engirdied the world. I have also gained immensely by being in America during the early part of the war. I have been able to look upon the great conflict, not only through English eyes, but through American eyes, and therefore with a broader and healthier vision. The American and British peoples are now in positive and sacred alliance, and our fellowship is baptized in common sacrifice. I believe that this community of purpose and of action will be permanent, and that the two peoples are being drawn together into a fraternity which will bless the whole world.

REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D

American Presbyterian Missiona ry to Slam. 1875 to 1918

BY ELEPHANT EXPRESS IN

A Modern Apostle of Siam A SKETCII OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF THE REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D.• BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK CITY Author of "The Foreign Missionary," etc.

F E'V missionaries of any age have. had such varied experiences and such influence upon the people among whom they labored as had Eugene P. Dunlap who, for forty·three years, went about doing good in the kingdom of Siam. Few men have been more signally characterized by beauty of spiritual life and fidelity of Christian devotion. Some other workers, both at home and abroad, have surpassed him in the number of converts, though these often resulted from his preaching. He baptized men and women in everyone of his tours, and it is doubtful whether, when he was on the field, a month ever passed without conversions. But Siamese Buddhism does not yield so readily to the Christian appeal for outward confession of Christ as the more emotional peoples of animistic faiths. And yet no one can read Dr. Dunlap's letters and reports without noting the frequency of such passages as the following: "One day, when preaching under a large shade tree on the seashore, I noticed one man who gave very close attention, After service, we gave him a copy of the Gospel according to Luke, saying: 'This book contains the precious stories of the life of Jesus; take it and read it.' That night he sat up almost all night to read it through, and before leaving the island, it was our privilege to baptize him, On the island lives a nobleman who was baptized some ten years ago. All these years he has kept the faith, the only Christian • Dr. Dunlap, one of tbe great apostles of tbe modern Cburch, an bonored missionary ot the Presbyterian Cburch, U. S. A., passed away in Tap Teang, Slam, on April 4th, 1918.

on the island. Our most precious service was held in his home, when his wife, son, daughter, nephew and three neighbors were baptized. It was the happiest day of his life. Nine more of the islanders were then placed on probation. This happy company of believers were formed into a Christian band, with the disciple of ten years, and the above-mentioned lover of God's Word as their leader. They promised to meet in the two homes to worship God and study the Word. We recommend this little company of disciples of Jesus to the prayers of God's people.

"Our farewell service was held under a large shade tree on the beach. The Governor, other officials, all the disciples and inquirers and many of the villagers were there. * * * It was not easy to say good-bye to the beloved disciples. Were it not for the regions beyond, one would gladly spend his life with them. They followed us to the little boats waiting to take us to the ship, and they fairly loaded us with baskets of luscious fruits, tokens of their appreciation of our visit. As we steamed out of the harbor, they lingered on the shore waving to us their affectionate farewell.

"Our last service with this company [a group in another place] of beloved disciples was the celebration of the Lord's Supper. This was a solemn, precious service, held in the bamboo hut under the cocoanut trees. Six persons made profession of their faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and were baptized. On the following morning, the disciples escorted us through the jungles to our sail boat. They brought trays of fruit, rice, fish, and other supplies for the missionaries and their crew. After farewell words of counsel and encouragement, we sailed away to Nakawn."

Dr. Dunlap was an indefatigable itinerator. I know of no other missionary in any land who spent a larger proportion of his time in country work. Siam is not an easy country in which to itinerate.

Until near the end of Dr. Dunlap's missionary service, there was no railway in that part of Siam which constituted his special field, and the one that was built then traversed only a small part of the region through which he journeyed. Very seldom was it of any assistance to him, for he toured among the villages far in the interior. Nor were there any wagon roads; nothing but mere paths, u~ually rough ones at that.

lIe had to travel on elephants, or on ponies, or afoot, through vast jungle forests, over mountains and through rivers. The climate is hot, humid and debilitating. Such tropical diseases as cholera, dysentery and malignant malaria lurk on every hand. Mosquitoes swarm in millions, and while the people are uniformly kind and hospitable, the jungles through which he traveled, and amid which he often camped at night, abound in tigers, serpents, wild elephants and various other unpleasant prowlers.

But nothing could daunt the evangelistic zeal of this devoted mis- sionary. Note the following extracts from his letters: "We spend about one month of the year in our home. The remainder of the year we lodge in boats, Buddhist temples, market places, bungalows, bamboo huts, court houses, and the homes of the people. There are no inns, no hotels, in the interior of Siam. In all our itinerating field we do not own a lodging place, and yet we have never had to sleep on the ground or out doors but once. That speaks well for the hospitality of Siam's people. For weeks at a time we do not see a chair, bedstead or table; Siamese homes, as a rule, do

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

not have these 'uncomfortable things.' When we are their guests, we, like our host, sit, eat, and sleep on the floor.

'· We proceeded up the river one day, and there had to get smaller canoes, for the stream became narrow, very rocky, and current swift. On the second day we reached another large settlement. We disposed of many good books to the people, and cared for a large number of sick, among them several officials. We were glad to see many of them get clear of the fever which was epidemic. At this point we had hoped to get elephants for our party and baggage, but could secure only three elephants. When I tell you that we RIVER TRAVEL IN SIAMESE CANOES [Dr. Dunlap traveled thousands of miles in this way) carried more than two thousand books and tracts, five cases of medicines, stereopticon outfit, clothing for six months,· camp outfit, provisions, cooking utensils, beds, etc., you will know that we have no small amount of baggage. The elephant that we were to ride had such a bad temper that we were afraid to mount him, so I said; 'Wife, what shall we do?' With her usual courage she answered by taking off her shoes to wade the first stream and said: 'Let us walk.' And walk we did for thirty miles, through jungles, over mountains, through streams and broad plains. On the second day we reached a camping place and were soon surrounded by people eager for medicines and to listen to the teachings, to whom we ministered until after dark. There for the first time on our touring we slept on the ground<; we were so weary that we rested just as well as though we had been in comfortable home beds. The next morning, we secured elephants for ourselves and baggage, and after one day's ride we reached the head waters of the Panga River. We were glad to exchange elephants for canoes. This was the seventh time that we had

crossed this peninsula. We were able to reach many places never before reached by the Christian missionary. In this six months' tour we traveled on ten steamers, twenty elephants, numerous buffalo carts, and canoes, and walked long distances without serious mishap. For the greater part of the time we were in the heart of the Peninsula, cut off from all communication with the outside world; no telegrams, no newspapers and no post offices. We have learned to do without such facilities."

Dr. Dunlap was a keen lover of nature. Siam is a land of wonder· ful beauty-forest·clad hills, cultivated valleys, rare flowers, and rush· ing streams. His sensitive soul eagerly responded to the beauties of the worM about him and his let· tel'S abound in graphic -descrip· tions, as witness the following: "The scenery of this island-en- ticing harbors, broad cocoanut groves, waterfalls, and lofty' moun· tains-was simply charming.

"The Governor of the island proved an attentive host. He led us in many interesting walks through DR. DUNLAP'S BOAT~Tbe "Kalam!,zoo" the cocoanut plantations, up roman- tic ravines, over lofty mountains, to charming waterfalls, where we saw a great variety of ferns, rare orchids, graceful palms, and many other attractive tropical plants.

"Securiiig two well manned canoes, we were soon paddling up the broad river Looang, leaving all signs of civilization behind. We greatly enjoyed the beauties of nature, graceful bamboos and palms, here and there, forming charming archways; most beautiful vines draping the large trees, and orchids in charming varieties. We mounted the elephants at the foot of a beautiful mountain.

"On our third day we followed the elephant path through wonderful forests and were much interested in the plants, ferns and orchids in charming variety, palms, sago and tapioca plants, rubber trees and valuable hard woods.

"In its natural scenery this island is very attractive. Mountains about three thousand feet above the sea, charming valleys, ravines and waterfalls. It is rich in cocoanut groves, attractive, shady retreats from the hot sun."

He journeyed by sea as well as land. :Many years ago, friends in Kalamazoo, Michigan, presented him with a schooner which he called "The Kalamazoo." In this little boat he and his equally devoted wife, and a few Siamese attendants made long journeys along the coast line and among the adjacent islands, carrying the Gospel to peoples who could not have been reached through the pathless jungles which bordered their villages. This part of his itinerating also brought him many inter· esting experiences. He wrote: "Ve travel in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo' from two to four months of the year; by coast steamer, often going deck passage because there are no cabins; by native sail boats, canoes, buffalo carts, on elephants, and on foot, long distances. * * *

1918J A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

THE HO:fE OF DR. AND MRS. DUNLAP IN TAP TEANG, SIAM "During our annual tour in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo', on the east coast of the Gulf of Siam, we stopped in all the principal harbors on the way. We sailed about four hundred miles, traveled in canoes about one hundred miles up the creeks, and rivers, and took long walks over the plains to visit inland villages. We found here and there a good number of people who were believing in God as the result of teaching on former tours, and the reading of Christian books, and were praying to Him.

"In one of our tours on the west coast of the Gulf of Siam, at Nakawn, we hired a native sail boat, a long dugout with roof over the centre, and sailed thirty miles along the coast to visit some disciples. We had very pleasant sailing, but one night we were caught by a sudden northeast squall, and the mast was twisted off and the sail blown into the sea. For a time there was no little excitement, but our sturdy helmsman soon righted things and we made our way into a .small river, on the banks of which the disciples gave us a hearty welcome. They conducted us to their home in a beautiful cocoanut grove, lodged us in a little bamboo hut that they had prepared for our entertainment,. and showed us no little hospitality. They gave Us the best bananas, cocoanuts, sweet potatoes, watermelons, fish, fowls and eggs that could be found. The ordinary rice they did not consider good enough for the missionaries, so the sisters were soon busy polishing nice white rice for their teachers. Willing hands arranged a place for services, and messengers were sent throughout the plantations inviting their neighbors to come and hear the Gospel. We began each day with a preaching service in the early morning, and close attention made it easy to preach. Then the medicine chest was opened and an hour or more spent in ministering to the sick. The remainder of the day was devoted to teaching

from house to house. At times we walked to distant settlements to hold services in homes of disciples to which all the neighbors were invited."

With faithful and loving ministries like these, the good missionary and his wife were unceasingly occupied. No opportunity to testify for Christ was ever slighted. I have never known a Christian worker who had greater joy in his ministry for souls. His letters and reports fairly glow with it. I could quote scores of sentences like the following: "There was great joy in telling the precious stories of our Lord to those who had never heard."

"To attend upon the poor little fe- verish children of the homes and see * a large number *re*c over was a delight Our daily services to our hearts. with the twelve disciples of this island were precious indeed, and we had the joy, too, of baptizing several other islanders and a number of little chil- dren."

"None of the tradesmen knew about Jesus. They were friendly and list- ened very closely to our stories about the Saviour of sinful men. It was a pleasure to place His precious Gospel in their hands and know that they would carry it to distant homes."

"In this settlement most of the peo- ple had never heard the Gospel. It was a joy to publish the Glad Tidings to them, and the night was well spent MRS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP in showing them the Bible pictures by means of the Sciopticon. * * * "I was glad to minister to so many sufferers as we passed along. 'Jesus went about doing good.' Let us follow in His steps."

"Some roughing it, 'tis true, but the joys of the work held us over the rough places."

Near the end of a furlough in 1909, he wrote: "vVe are now pack· ing for Siam. 0, but it will be joyful to return to the Master's work in beloved Siam!"

Bits of humor often illuminated his letters. After a nerve-racking experience in a bullock cart over rocks and ruts, he gOOd-naturedly wrote: "The jolting keeps us from having dyspepsia." Of another tour, he says: "We dismissed our elephants and spent five days in a border town. On the Sabbath I preached in the court house, which was our lodging place. The people of this settlement were the most indolent set that we have seen in Siam. Even money could not persuade them to hull rice for our party, and the question of food grew serious. Seeing the condition of their little children, I prepared a lot of worm powders, which I handed to the mothers with directions. The remedy worked so effectually that the mothers out of gratitude each prepared a large bowl of beautiful white rice for the missionary table. This

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

is not the first time that we have 'wormed' our way into the hearts of Siam's people."

Dr. Dunlap gained large influence over the Siamese people, both individually and collectively. He loved them and they in turn loved him. "Wherever he went, he was welcomed by men and WOl,nen of high and low degree alike. "We travel in safety," he said, "are always kindly received by the people, and have perfect liberty in our work." The following were common experiences: "The Governor of ·this province, a .leading Siamese noble, is one of our schoolboys and a staunch supporter of our Mission work. You may be sure A SLUfmSE FAMILY AT DINNER that he extended his old teachers a hearty welcome, introduced and commended us and our work to all the officials of the province. He entertained us in his own home and furnished us boats and other facilities for our work. Frequently he said in the presence of the people: 'I owe my position and all that I am to the labors of these American missionaries.' There are many officials throughout Siam who might truly say the same; another indirect result of Mission work."

"The High Commissioner of the district, having been informed of the arrival of the missionary party, sent his own steam launch out to meet us and convey us to a beautiful little cottage that His Excellency and lady had prepared for our entertainment. They showed us no little kindness. His Excellency manifested special interest in the medical mission work, and two places were granted for the work: a cottage in his garden and a house in the market place."

He was personally known to and held in high esteem by His Majesty, the King, one of the most enlightened and public·spirited of rulers, always eager to promote the welfare of his people. His relations were particularly close with the father of the present sovereign vho frequently counselled with him. I was told when in Bangkok that Dr. Dunlap had easier access to the Royal Palace than anyone else in Siam outside of the members of the Cabinet, and that the King and his Ministers frequently summoned him to conferences. They knew that this missionary, through his extensive travels in various parts of the country, knew conditions in Siam better than anybody else, and they knew too that he was not only intelligent and wise but absolutely un· selfish, seeking nothing for himself and thinking only of good for the people to whom he had consecrated his life. He never compromised his missionary message or convictions. He spoke plainly of current evils. Gambling is the national vice of the Siamese. It was licensed and even encouraged by the Goyernment. The monopoly in every town was auc· tioned off to the highest bidder. The successful concessionaire erected a large building in a central location. Music and theatrical perform· ances added to the attractiveness of the place, and, in the evenLngs, almost the whole population assembled. There were one hundred and three large gambling houses throughout the interior, besides a great number in the capital. The demoralizing consequences can be readily understood. Dr. Dunlap, cordially aided by the Hon. Hamilton King, then American Minister, frankly represented to the late King that gambling .was inimical to the best interests of Siam and that the money that the Government derived from it was obtained at a ruinous cost to character and legitimate industry. The King, a wise and progressive monarch, listened, and the result was the issuance of a royal decree in January, 1905, ordering the abolition of these gambling concessions everywhere outside of Bangkok, where the question involved the revenue in relation to import duties. These could not be changed without the consent of other governments. In itinerating tours, Dr. Dunlap made it a rule to visit prisons and to observe sanitary conditions. Some of the credit for the prison reforms in Siam belongs to him. In his report of one of his long tours, he wrote: "In Ban Don, the largest market town of this coast, our hearts were made sad by the ravages of that dread disease Asiatic ,cholera. One day, seven died in the prison. The Governor sent for me and requested that I should try to find the cause of the spread of the disease. I found the prison in good sanitary condition, but traced the trouble to the fact that the prisoners while out on public works were drinking the filthy river water, and recommended that all drinking water be thoroughly boiled and prisoners permitted to drink that alone when out at work. In a few days, the disease disappeared entirely. Thus, humanly speaking, many a poor prisoner's life was saved."

'While, however, he asked nothing for himself he did not hesitate to ask for contributions toward the property which was to be used by

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

.

A SIAM E S E COU NTRY HOME ON STILT S A t ypical group coming out to s ee the foreig ner the Mission for the benefit of the Siamese people themselves. So great was the confidence in him that these appeals met with generous response. The King and Queen, members of the Oabinet, and many Siamese in various official positions contributed toward the purchase of land for mi ssion schools and hospitals, and in other instances the Government assigned land for mission purposes at a merely nominal rent.

As a speaker before American audiences, Dr. Dunlap had remarkable power, and whenever he was known to be at home on furlough, the calls fOl' his addresses were numerous and insistent. Few missionaries of this generation had a wider hearing or stirre~ his hearers more deeply. Multitudes will never forget his eloquent wordS, and his graphic description of "How a Governor in Siam found Christ," went all over tIl e country.

In spite of his fame and popularity Dr. Dunlap was as modest as he was devoted. ·When he was in America in 1908, one of my colleagues showed him a sketch of his career which had been provided for the newspapers in connection with some addresses that Dr. Dunlap was to deliver, in which he was characterized as "easily the foremost foreigner in the Kingdom of Siam, everywhere welcomed by governors, merchallts, farmers, and the poorest leper, frequently closeted with King or ministers who can learn from him as from no other tIle true status

of remote jungle dwellers; or it may be adjudicating cases which by common consent of judge and litigants had been reserved for his arbitra- tion." At the bottom of a copy of that sketch I note the following sentence in Dr. Dunlap's handwriting: "Would it not be better to say: A sinner saved by grace and privileged to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ in Siam."

In a pamphlet published some years ago, entitled "How Shall We Persuade the Siamese to Accept the Gospel," he opened his heart to his missionary brethren. The following extracts eloquently testify to the spirit of the man.

"The word persuade is a fit word. To win the people for the Master, an ounce of persuasion is worth more than a ton of compulsion, ridicule, or sarcasm. The Siamese after all are not very unlike ourselves. You can persuade them a mile, but you cannot drive them an inch. In making up the * * * formula, I would say: about one ounce of argument to every pint of entreaty, well flavored with love. If we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel, we must live the Gospel. How much we shall achieve, if we can truly say to them: 'Follow me as I follow Jesus.' If the love of Jesus con- strains me, then the love of Jesus working through me will constrain others. That's a sure rule. * * * A very good way to persuade men to accept the 1 love to do Gospel is to beseech them by the merciesof God*. that-to dwell Jesus desires to go, through ** on the mercies of God in the Lord Jesus. * * * us, into the homes of this people. Then l~t us keep this high ideal before us: 'In Christ's stead.' That means that we are to talk to them in the same spirit in which He talked. So must we love to tel1 men about Jesus far more than we love our meat and drink. No half-hearted entreaty wil1 persuade men. * * * We should not turn away from the most sinful. We may be weary, but we should love such souls more than we love ease in our long verandah chairs. We may be hungry, but if we would persuade poor sinful ones to accept the Gospel we must love them more than we love our good food and luscious mangustines. If you would persuade the Siamese people, espe- * cially the very si*nfu*l ones, then follow our Saviour's nile as recorded in John Tact is absolutely essential in persuading men to' accept 4th chapter.

the Gospel. No matter how perfectly you may have learned the language, if you lack tact, then your efforts may drive the Siamese people away from the Gospel. And necessary to tact is a close sympathetic contact with the people.

Therefore I say, study the people just as closely and with as much interest, as you study the language."

"Jesus was never rude, Jesus never needlessly spoke a harsh word. Jesus . never gave needless pain to a sensitive heart. Jesus was most considerate of human weakness. Jesus was most gentle toward all human sorrow. Jesus never suppressed the truth, but He uttered it in love. Jesus' whole life tells of most considerate thoughtfulness for others. So I believe, that if we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel we should try to change our bluntness and rudeness into true gentleness."

"A cripple, who was tDld by a disciple of Jesus to call for the medical missionary, replied: '0, he will not take any notice of a poor loathsome creature like me.' But the disciple answered: 'Yes he will, just try him.' The writer went to that little bamboo hut with the medical missionary, and it was so filthy that it took great effort to enter it. The poor man was covered with foul ulcers. The medical missionary, moved by the spirit of Him whose hand touched the leper, with warm water cleansed those ulcers and I read to the

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

cripple the wonderful stories of Jesus' love and healing power. The tears ran down the old man's face and he exclaimed: '0, missionary, I have never seen love like this!' 0, the love of Jesus! It broke and won his heart. He became a happy Christian and was bap- tized in the little hut. We car- ried the elements of Jesus' broken body and shed blood into that little hut. And there the three of us commemorated His dying love. His love passeth all understanding!"

"It is not science nor intellect nor eloquence that wins souls, but love to Christ pouring over in love to men. Love will give you a delicacy of perception and ingenuity of. persuasiveness which no heart shall be able to resist. Love will reconcile the profound scholar to a life among savages and it will carry us through the jungles of Si.am to the regions beyond. It will carry the refined and cultured woman with the precious tidings into the most unattractive homes.

Love will bear all, believe all, hope all, endure all, if only it may win men for Christ. The true secret of endurance is love. May the ·Iove SIAMESE CHRISTIAN WOMEN OF BANGKOK IN of Christ constrain us! May we NA'J'IVE COSTUME be rooted and grounded in it, so that we shall be well prepared to TEACHERS IN THE HARRIET HOUSE SCHOOL. persuade the Siamese people to accept the Gospe1." The one on the left had four years' preparation in America and now has charge of the first Kindergarten ever opened in Slam. The second instructs in academic, sewing and gymnastic work. The third teaches and conducts the home nursing department.

In spite of Dr. Dunlap's arduous labors in a tropical climate, and his constant exposure in itinerating tours, he enjoyed on the whole good health until 1907 when, in climbing a bamboo ladder to visit a sick man (Siamese houses are set upon poles eight or ten feet from the ground), the ladder broke and he fell and severely injured his leg. He suffered much from this injury and never fully recovered from it, al- though after a time he continued his work as resolutely as ever. But when he returned to America on his last furlough in December, 1915, it was evident that his physical strength was seriously waning. In Feb- ruary, 1916, while on a journey from Wooster, Ohio, to visit an invalid son in Louisiana, he had to change cars late at night in Alliance, and while quietly waiting in the railway station for his train, he was wantonly attacked by three men who beat him, threw him upon the ground and robbed him of all the money he had with him. "Thus the

American heathen," he wrote, "handled me more roughly than I ever suffered from the Siamese heathen and embarrassed us somewhat in the beginning of our furlough."

As the end of his furlough drew near, his physicians frankly advised him and the Board that his remaining time on earth was likely to be short, but he pleaded to be allowed to return and to die among the people whom he loved and for whose evangelization he ha.d consecrated his life. 'Ve bade him good-bye, sorrowing that we should see his face no more. ·When he reached Bangkok, he was welcomed with glad acclaim by the ·whole city. Missionaries, foreigners in diplomatic and commercial life, and Siamese, from the King to the man in the street, showed him signal honor. His Siamese friends of their own accord had raised a fund with which they had purchased a comfortable residence for him in Bangkok, and they besought him to make that his home for the remainder of his days. But to all pleas he replied: "Yes, but I must be at liberty to visit the jungles when I feel that I must carry the Gospel to regions beyond"; and he insisted on at least visiting Tap Teang, near Trang, the station which he himself had founded in 1910 and. for which he had secured the funds during one of his furloughs. At this writing we have not heard where he was when he died, but it probably was at this station.

Newcastle, Pennsylvania, where he was born June 8, 1848, 'Vestminster College and ·Western Theological Seminary, at which he was graduate9- in 1871 and 1874, respectively, have reason to count themselves honored in sending forth this great apostle to the Gentiles. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, which appointed him a missionary in 1874, and the Siam Mission which he joined the following year, will always revere the memory of this noble servant of God who was associated with them for nearly half a century. The people of Siam will long remember the man who labored for their temporal and spiritual welfare with such distinguished efficiency and unselfishness; and the bereaved wife and children have a rich heritage of blessing in the memory of such a husband and father. It was a gracious privilege to be permitted to walk with such a man to the very edge of the valley, which was shadow for us but not for him, and to realize that, while we stand wistfully upon its brink, he journeyed calmly on to see face to face the King in His beauty whom on earth' he had so tenderly and so devotedly loved.

·What a welcome must have been his as he entered the gates of the Heavenly City! After all his toils in this world, he is now "* * * Walking close with Him In festal robes beyond the sunrise fair, And dowered with the beauty of the Lord.

*** From all his toils for Him he rests in Him, And all his works for Him do follow him."

The Situation in German Foreign

BY REV. K. A. MODEN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN BEFORE the war, the Evangelical Societies in Germany conducted prosperous missionary work in China, Japan, India, in the South . Sea Islands and in the English and German colonies in Africa. During the three years of war the various societies have, naturally, sustained heavy losses, and the hardships and sufferings of the missionaries have in certain cases been severe. Nevertheless, the work in these fields has not been entirely destroyed or discontinued.

At the outbreak of the war the connection between the missionaries and their native land could be kept up with difficulty and in certain cases it was impossible. The missionaries were for the most part removed from their stations and interned or sent home to Germany. Many of them were by and by permitted to return from the places where they were interned to their mission stations, where they now are allowed to continue their work.

The experiences of the German missionaries in India were all the more pmnful, as German missions have been prosecuted there so long. From there all the mission workers who were German citizens were sent away. There were 137 missionaries, 116 wives of missionaries, 36 lady missionaries, and_179 children. Eight missionaries are still kept interned there. Then there remain only 26 missionaries, 18 wives of missionaries, and 8 lady missionaries to continue the work. These are not German citizens, although they have been engaged by German societies.

In Japan the missionaries have been permitted to remain at their stations, and under strict supervision are permitted to carryon their work According to recent information, they_ are not allowed to send letters abroad or to receive such from other lands.

In a recent publication ("Das Kriegserlebnis der deutschen Mission im Lichte der Heiligen Schrift"), Missionsdirektor Carl Alenfeld, Berlin, describes the present situation of the German missions as follows: "If we sum np the whole in order to get a vivid picture we must say that the work is greatly handicapped, nay almost ruined in Kamerun and in the greater part of German East Africa, except in the northeastern part of this colony and in the northern part of Togo. In the other German colonies, however, the work goes on, though embarrassed through -many restrictions; for instance, in South Togo, German Southwest Africa, Kaiser Wilhelms Land, and Kioochow (China). Among the great mission fields in the British colonies, India has suffered most. But there it has in all the mission fields been possible to gC't substitutes, at least w11ile the war continues, for the German missionaries, so that t11e existenre of the congregations and the churches which are being constituted seems not to be seriously menaced. From some smaller English colonies the German missionaries have

been sent away, as from Hongkong, North Borneo, and Volta Dreieck. But here only a few missionaries are concerned. On the other hand, mission work can still be prosecuted, although with many restrictions, in the whole of South Africa, on the Gold Coast, in the North of Aus- tralia, and all American colonies of Great Britain."

Lately China has declared war against Germany. The conse- quence of this must be that the troubles of the German missionaries there are increased. They number 324, wives of missionaries and lady workers included. Before China's declaration of war they had great liberty to prosecute their work. What has happened since is still unknown.

The war has caused the mission a heavy loss also in another way. Among the missionaries who were summoned to military service there were already a year ago 42 prisoners of war, 167 wounded and 157 killed. In addition, 52 sons of mission leaders and missionaries were killed. According to later information, about 400 missionaries and missionary volunteers are summoned into military service, 68 are in hospitals, and 120 are prisoners of war in various countries, viz.: 25 in France, 12 in Russia~ 9 in England, 1 on ~faIta, 41 in Africa, 30 in Asia, and 2 in Australia.

But after all storms that have swept over the missions about 1,000 German missionaries are still working in the various fields. And nearly 200 of the missionaries who now are in Germany are given opportunity to preach the Gospel among their fellow-countrymen and to the prisoners of war. For the support of those who are still in the fields and a great many of those who have to remain home, the several mission societies are responsible. To solve this problem the boards and the mission societies are compelled to give themselves to incessant work, great selfdenial and fervent prayers. As an example of what they are doing for the mission under existing circumstances, we may mention that of the J~eipzig Society, whose work in India and German East Africa suffers from great disturbances, yet in the year 1915 collected 536,000 marks and during 1916, 614,000 marks. Last New Year the society, strange to say, had a balance in its funds. This surplus is, however, outweighed by the loans which the missionaries in Africa were compelled to take because money could not be sent to them from their society. Besides, the mission societies have had troubles on account of the great sinking in value of the German mark.

But the friends of the mission have not been without encouragement in: their work. Very joyful reports have come from South Africa. The missionaries of the Hermannsburg Society, who are working there, could complete church buildings during the year 1916 and pay debts on them. A great many converts have joined the churches organized by the Rhenish Society. The mission work which this society carries on in the M:entarvei Islands and Kaiser Wilhelms r~and seems now

THE SITUATION IN GERMAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

to be leading to the result that paganism there is ready to collapse. And among the Battak tribes in Sumatra there have been great revivals. These occurrences are rays of light that penetrate the darkness, which the shadow of the war cast over the German mission work.

To arrange for the work in the churches from which the mis· sionaries had been sent away was not an easy task. But mainly this problem has been solved satisfactorily. Thus the Leipzig Society has entrusted its old field among the Tamils in India to the Swedish State Church Mission. The churches on this field have about 21,400 memo bers. The Swiss missionaries who were in the service of the Basel Society are still at their stations; but recently steps have been taken by this society and friends of the mission in Switzerland to organize a new society there with its seat at Berne. This new society will engage the Swiss missionaries in its service. In many places the native pastors are entirely responsible for the care of the churches. This for instance is the case in that part of India where the Gossner Missionary Society is working among the Kols. The churches, which have about 80,000 members, are now ministered to by 43 native pastors. The important educational work of that society has been put under the leadership of the Anglican Bishop Westcott at Chota Nagpur.

In the autumn of the year 1913 a society was constituted in Ger· many which is called Deut8che Evangeli8che Mi88ion8-Hil/e. Its aim is to unite the German societies in mutual support. It may be said that it was organized at an opportune moment. After the outbreak of war most of the societies have joined it, so that it now consists of almost aU societies in Germany. Missions-Hilfe has no mission of its OWIl, but its aim is to awaken, tend and promote a common interest for mission work. In its report for the year 1916 Missionsdirektor A. W. Schreiber, Berlin, who has written it, says that an Oriental and Islam Committee was constituted March 1, 1916, which comprises all German charitable work in the Orient, and that a Committee for East Asia was appointed September 28, 1916. Of the first committee, he says: "The greatest and most important work has been ·done by the Islam Committee, the existence of which is due to the Oriental confer· ence of October 9, 1915, which was arranged by the Missions·Hilfe, and at which it was decided to present a petitioIl to the Chancellor of the German Empire with regard to the situation of the Oriental Chris· tians, especially the Armenians. The circumstances in the Orient put the charitable work there face to face with very difficult problems handled with great discretion in view of the current opinion 'about German Christendom abroad and the political import of the questions concerned. But that did not hinder some members of the committee from sending out an appeal calling for aid to the Armenians, in which they, without regard to merit or worthiness, begged for a Samaritan service to the dying Christian people. Funds were collected under the

auspices of the Missions-Hilfe_ At the end of the year 1916 a sum of 36,000 mark had been raised, to which 1,577 donors had contributed."

As this autumn 400 years have elapsed since Martin Luther posted his 95 theses about the indulgence, which gave rise to the German Reformation, the Missions-Hilfehas sent out a proposal that the memory of the reformation might be celebrated in the mission fields as well as in Germany October 31st or November 4th. Many societies responded to the proposal, so that the jubilee was celebrated generally in the German evangelical mission fields.

The contributions to the societies are naturally reduced on account of the war. Tens of thousands of mission supporters have been killed, made invalids or prisoners of war. And great numbers of persons who regularly used to contribute to the missions are at the fronts and can give only very little or nothing.

The German missions are now struggling hard to maintain their future existence. And one cannot watch their efforts without being reminded of a word by St. Paul which may be applicable to our German mission friends. Like him, they can surely say': ""Ve are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed."

There are now dark days for German missions; but after the night passes we believe that a day of hope will come and German missions will once more be permitted to. carryon the work that they so efficiently conducted in the past.

A PRAYER.

(Found on the fly-leaf of the Bible of a missionary, who died in Africa.) Laid on Thine altar, 0 my Lord Divine, Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake.

r have no jewels to adorn Thy shrine, Nor any worId-famed sacrifice to make: But here r bring within my trembling hand This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small- And Thou alone, 0 Lord, canst understand How when I yield Thee this r yield mine all.

Hidden therein Thy searching eye can see Struggles of passion, visions of delight; All that r have, or am, or fain would be; Deep loves, fond hopes, and longings infinite. It hath been wet with tears and dimmed with sighs, Clenched in my grasp till beauty hath it none! Now from Thy foot-stool where it vanquished lies, The prayer ascendeth-may Thy will be done! Take it, 0 Father, ere my courage fail, And merge it so in Thine own will that e'en If in some desperate hour my cries prevail, And Thou give back my gift, it may have been So changed, so purified, so fair have grown, So one with Thee, so filled with peace divine, r may not know or feel it as mine own, But gaining back my will may find it Thine.

Jews in The Present

BY REV. SABETI B. ROHOLD, F.R. G. S., TORONTO, CANADA. President of the American Hebrew Christian Alliance and Superintendent of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto, Canada N o people have been so greviously affected by this world·war as have the Jews. The sufferingA of Belgium and Servia, and even the massacres of the Armenians., hav£> not exceedea, if they have equalled, the misery of the Jews in the Eastern and Southern war zones. Among all the pressing calls which crowd upon the Christian, none more deserves sympathy than that which comes from Israel. Scattered throughout. the world, and again massed in the very crater of the world-war, they are passing in truth through the "Valley of the Shadow." At the same time the world-struggle is 'searching the very vitals of the race, stirring its energies, revolutionizing its life and transforming its outlook. Seven hundred and fifty thonsand Jewish soldiers are engaged in the contest, Jew being often engaged in mortal combat with Jew. Foul' millions of them, men, women and children; strong .an~ weak, are haunted hy the thundering cannon and driven into the wasted roads, marshy fields and wild forests. They ha.ve been terrorized into abandoning land, stock and treasure in order to save their lives. Starvation faces them everywhere and until the recent capture of Jerusalem there was no "Promised Land" in sight. Even now it may be a long way off. Is Israel's tragedy "nothing to you, all ye that pass by?"

The American Hebrew of September 29, 1916, published an article by that brilliant Jewish savant, Dr. Max Nordau, in which he w~rns his people not to be deceived by false hopes. He says: "Anti-Semites of every country are constantly casting in the teeth of the Jews that they have no home country. Of these 'homeless' people about 700,000 are afield in the'different belligerent countries, According to a rough estimate, some 60,000 of them have died in. battle.

"In France and in England they are officers by the hundreds, attaining in many cases high positions. Even exclusive Germany has widely opened to them the ranks of her body of officers. They have earned more than 2,000 crosses of the Legion of Honor, war crosses and military medals in France, three Victoria Crosses (V. C.), besides nUmerous Distinguished Conduct Medals (D. C. M.), in England; more than 8,000 Iron Crosses in Germany, where the civil authorities forbid papers the publication of the names of the heroes to whose breast the military commanders attach the sign of valor. * * * "Each of the belligerent peoples promises itself, as the outcome of victory, territorial gains, enrichment, power, domination, fame. The Jewish people alone has nothing to expect for itself from the heroism of its sons, not even the acknowledgment of the fact that everywhere it has proved itself exemplarily state-supporting, that everywhere it has shown itself loyal and faithful unto death to its native country, even there where it had always been cruelIy and abjectly persecuted."

This was, however, before the declaration of the British Government concerning the return of the Jews to Palestine. Another Jew, the Hon. L. D. Brandeis, tells us that no less than 500,000 Jews have lost their lives since the war started, either on the battlefield or by the invading armies, or through exposure and starvation. By the devastation of the Jewish colonies hundreds of thousands have lost their business and properties.

The Jewish people, however, look upon the year 1917 as "the year of liberation." Writers and thinkers of international repute have declared that the sudden fall of the Romanoff's, the unexpected ava- lanche that leveled the walls of the greatest of Ghettos-"is a freedom from bondage, greater than that of Egypt." They believe that it is the beginning of the real emancipation of the Jewish people, which will result in their attainment of national aspirations, and some even believe in their '(na-tional independence."

Dr. S. M. Melamed, editor of the American Jewish Ohronicle, in a review of the "Past Years in Jewish History," says: "When the sun rose on the first of Tishri, 5677, it saw a vast valley of tears in the east; it saw a people hemmed in between two long rows of fire· spitting guns; it saw a people struggling in its own blood and fighting desperately for a last breath of life. Nothing indicated that the future had relief in store for that agonized people. The arch-enemy of seven million Jews-Czar- dom-was as strong as ever; its criminal agents continued to oppress our brethren mercilessly and heartlessly, persecuting them with the passion of the angry beast, and making their miserable lives one long agony. When the sun rose on the twenty-eighth of Ellul to bring light and warmth on the last day of the year 5677, it saw an entirely different panorama. The great valley of tears, horrible and terrible to see, was turned into a valley of hope and expectation; Czardom was broken and crushed; its criminal agents wiped out and pushed aside; the light of freedom kindled; and millions of our brethren, living corpses only a year ago, full of activity, full of life, full of hope and action."

The same view is taken by.practically the whole of the Jewish press. Of course, no one can attempt to prophesy the future of Russia. Occupying more than half of Europe, and nearly two-fifths of Asia, its sw~ep includes the cradle of the A]'yan race and the home lands of Oriental civilization-Slav, Pole,Lithuanian, Latin, Iranian, Kuranian, Armenian, Finn, Samoyed, Turko·Tartan Tingutz, MangolD. Geor- gians, Yukaghirs and Chukchio are all living on native heath. These all have the mark of a thousand years of Czardom.

Under the old regime in Russia, Zionists were treated as enemies. They could not hold meetings and its propagandists were severely dealt with. What a wonderful change took place in the first revolution, when not only leading ministers, including Kerensky, sent messages expressing their good-will, but an order was issued permitting Jewish soldiers to send delegates to the Zionist Congress and offering them free transportation and monetary aid.

A year ago Jews were not only barred from all public offices, but were even refused' the right of citizenship. Now note the change:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"Homel elected 37 Jewish Councillors;; Slutzk, 19; Zhitomir, 12; Krelllenchuk, 14; Tchernicoff, 11; Poltava, 8; Veliz, 8; Mosir, 5; Alexandrovsk, 10; Kertch, 4; Tambave, 3; Unman. 5; Tiflis. 4; Tula, 3; Starikin, Tashkent, Revel and Walki all elected Jewish Council- lors. Even Kiev, where Jews were excluded under the old regime, has so completely repented that she, too, elected eleven Jews as Coun- cillors. A number of Jews were appointed Judges. The universities, from which Jews were excluded, unless men apostatized and women secured the yellow ticket, not only opened their doors, but many Jews were appointed as professors. The revolutionists recognized that there are Jews in Russia of high calibre and education who are able to fill the most important offices of State.

Nevertheless, all is not well with the Jew in Russia. Since the counter revolution took place there have been reports of more pogroms in which life and property were lost. The Black Hundred are still busy with their nefarious work of maligning, slandering and mali- ciously inciting the ignorant peasants against the Jews. The Jew is still the "scapegoat" and has to suffer untold agonies. The severe Russian winter has now claimed a large toll from a people whose nerves have been shattered by these three and one-half years of fright- . tulness. The condition of the Russian Jewry is too horrible to describe.

THE JEWS AND PALESTINE The catastrophe that befell Palestine as a result of the war is hard to realize. A century's aspirations, labors and fortunes of Jew- ish colonists were annihilated in a brief time. This was enough to break the spirit of any people, and yet the possibilities of the Jewish hope in Palestine have never been brighter. A great change is com- . ing, but the Jewish attitude is pitiable, for they have no "Morning Star" to guide them.

A very conservative estimate is that during the past century not less than $500,000,000 has been spent on Palestine. Besides the millions spent by the merchant princes in Israel, the Rothschilds, the Montefiores, the Montagues, the Moccattes and by the Jewish Colonization and other Zionistic societies, practically all Jews in the world have a little box with "Great Alms for Palestine" written Qn it. It is looked upon as a meritorious act to put money in that box, which goes towards keeping .of the Jewry in Palestine. '

The emigration into Palestine was on an average of 2,000 Jews a year during the past fifty years. The cruel destruction of the Jewish colonies is revealed by eye witnesses. And Dr. Glazebrook, the American Consul at Jerusalem, who had charge of the Relief Fund, said: "The Jews of Palestine knew not where to look for help, except to America. The need today is greater than it ever has been before, necessarily so because of the economic condition of Turkey and the civil condition of Turkey must become necessarily more and more desperate. The acreage of Turkey under cultivation last year was about sixty per cent. of its usual acreage.

That sixty per cent. was diverted to the support of the Turkish army, so that help must come to the population from some other place than Turkey. There are about forty thousand Jews in Jerusalem (before the war there was double that number). One-fourth of the population of Jerusalem died from starvation, and from disease."

But the suffering of the Jews in Palestine has not shattered their hope to establish a national home in the Holy Land. The outlook for this bas never been brighter and its possibility was never nearer actually being attained than it is tOday. The encouragements received from leading statesmen have made them bold to put their demand in a concrete form. Almost from the moment when Turkey entered the war the conviction came to the Jews the worlu over that the end of their exile ,vas drawing nigil. TIle Jewish Chronicle of October 12, 1917, tells us: "Jewish Nationalism-is no secret-has been the subject of discussion in Allied Governments and has, in particular it is known, engaged the attention of the Government of this country, with what result-even it any has been reached-is, however, not known. But it is obvious that every success of the Allies over Turkish arms must be of supreme interest to Jews. For Palestine, the disposition of which as part of the Turkish Empire the war is deciding, is bound up with Jewish destiny and Jewish destiny with Palestine. * * *"

Two great events have since then maue Jewish hearts beat very fast. The British army has actually captured Jerusalem as well as the historic and almost impregnable city of Gaza, and the sacred shrines of Beersheba and Hebron. And last November, two Jewish rabbis who had never spoken to me before be,cause I was a Jewish missionary, stopped me with these words: "Kumt-Aherrl (come here). You are from Jerusalem anu we have heard you know all about Palestine. ""Vill you tell us where Gaza and Beersheba are, and how far is the British army from our Holy City? And will the British drive dem Turkish Amalak out,?" I brought Armstrong's large map of Palestine and for nearly an hour I explained the map to them. A crowd gathered around and listened, forgetting that I was a missionary. This incident shows where the Jewish heart lies.

The momentous letter written by the Right Hon. Arthur J. Balfour, the British Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, has already been quoted in these columns: "The Government views with favor the establishment of Palestine as a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing will be done that may prejudice the civil or religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine."

Mr. Balfour adds that this declaration of sympathy with the Jewish Zionist aspirations has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet. The Jewish Chronicle commenting on Mr. Balfour's letter says: "With one step the Jewish cause has made a great bound forward-it is the perceptible lifting of the cloud of centuries; a palpable sign that the Jew-condemned for two thousand years by unparalleled wrong-is at last coming to his right. He

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

is .to be given the opportunity and means by which in place of being a hyphen- ~tlOn he can beC~)I11C .a n.atio~l, in ~)lace of being a wanderer in every clime there 15 to be a home tor hlll1 111 h15 anClent land. The day of his exile is to be ended." Ye~, poor Isnlel, thy leaders say "The day of exile is ended!"

but thpl'e il-l none to guide thee. The internal difficulties are by far greater than the external. 'Vhile leadiug statesmen in different coun- tries have shown sympathy to the national tendencies of the Zionist, SHell ,Jewish leaders as Claude G. Montefiore, D. L. Alexander, Dr.

IsraPl Ahraham and Sir Philip Magnus have printed pamphlets de- nouneing these nationalists as dangerous to Jewry.

The two factions are so distinct and determined that it wil'l prove a very delicate problem to settle. One faction holds that Judaism is a religion, a system of life and thought, and nothing else; that it no more interferes with full absorption into the nationality of any coun- try than the profession of Catholicism, Methodism or Presbyterianism interferes with a man being an Englishman, a l"renchman or an Ameri- can. Another powerful body, large in numbers and intelIt'etually strong, insists that Jewry is not a religion, but a nation which has lost its fatherland and is a wanderer on the face of the earth. These look for the return to Z;ion, and hope that the issue of the war will restore them in some measure to the patrimony of which they· were disinherited nearly two thousand Yl'ars ago. There is still another powerful faction, the assimilators, who do not want either ~ionisll1 or ,Tudaism.

A cOlllment of· the Dail:1J N ow·~ is illuminating: "Down the centuries the stream of Jewry flows through all nations, preserving a separation, an identity of physical and mental characteristics and an individuality of outlook that has no parity in the story of any other religion.

We understand that those who are opposed to setting up anything like a Jewish State in Palestine are afraid that it will tend to denationalise them in other lands. They want to preserve their religion, they do not want to preserve their racial exclusiveness. They wish to disappear racially and to be simply English- men or Frenchmen or Germans or Americans, professing a particular faith and preserving an ancient scheme of life. .. But the Zionists in all lands are pressing upon the Allies their claim to be a nation and their desire to see the land of their fathers, albeit their remote fore- fathers, restored to them, if not absolutely, then under such guarantees of good government and just control as will secure to them freedom of life and liberty of worship. They believe that a nation without a fatherland is an anomaly that is good neither for the nation nor for the world, and that much of the antagonism which exists towards the Jews would disappear if the race had "a local habita- tion and a name." This is probably true, and it is not unlikely that the rehabili- tation of the nation would tend to hasten the disappearance of the merely re- bli<~Ytwioeues ncurletmoafinJiundgaiJsemwsinanodthbeer ilnagndfsu.llyJeawnds would have to make their choice completely absorbed in other na- tional communities. In a word, we are not sure that Zionism would not prove the solution of that obstinate problem of this wandering race that has perplexed the world for so many centuries. Whatever the decision of the Allies in regard to Palestine, it can hardly fail to improve the conditions and enlarge the lib- erty of life in Palestine, and if the Jews in large numbers choose to take advantage of the fact, the object of Zionism will in due time be accomplished

and the Jewish nation will live again under its own vine and fig tree. When that happens, the Jewish problem that afflicts the rest of the world will tend to disappear." .

For nearly three years the American Jewry was in a turmoil over the seemingly burning question of a .Tewish Congress. Literally, tons of literature was printed, with most wonderful hair-splitting argu- ments, for and against, denouncing, abusing and threatening. At last a peaceless peace was patched up, with the great result (we are told by a Jewish editor) that {(the Congress was buried alive/) The editor, Herman Bernstein, of the American Hebrew) says in despair: "The Jews of America, talking of their duties and responsibilities to their brethren abroad, are split into many groups, groping in the dark, denouncing one another, belittling one another, shouting for unity and working against it. In the conflict between Zionism, Nationalism the Congress movement, the National Workmen's Committee and the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish people remains the victim. The Jewish people will be the sufferers because of these internal quarrels, disputes and attacks."

The voices which we hear from within Israel are strange, but they are of utmost importance. Chief Rabbi Dr. M. Gaster made this remarkable statement: "The problem in future for the Jew is involved in this enormous revolution which the war is going to effect. Where will the Jew, alien in nationality everywhere, find his niche? There must be a difficult situation created for the Jew, and the alternative that events are bound to place before him will be the alternative of assimilation or annihilation. The difficulty of assimilation, on the one hand, and the unthinkableness of annihilation on the other create a terrible dilemma for the Jew after the war. You see how enormous and far-reach- ing is the Jew's problem. * * *"

"If there have been forces attracting Jews from devoting their minds, their spirits, their energies to Jewry, so there have been forces within Jewry repelling those men and inducing them to devote themselves to the services of peoples outside Jewry. If you start killing your prophets in the Temple, it ought not to be astonishing that those who are able to prophesy do so elsewhere than in the Temple. It seems to me, however, that one of the essential things for Jews to understand and appreciate, to recognize and face, is the impossibility of absolute unity in Jewry. We constantly prate of Jewish unity. We constantly urge unthinkingly that the voice of Jewry should be one. The thing is impossible. Let us realise facts. There are two separate camps in Jewry, two separate cultures, two diverse aspirations, one of the East and one meandering along the shallows in the West."

We need not comment on the above. What a sad state of affairs!

One of the greatest changes that should come in the Jewish world is in their attitude toward Hebrew Christians. They too need to learn the meaning of toleration and of religious liberty.

JUDAISM AND LIBERTY The old notions about the exclusiveness of the Jew and his power to withstand all the forces of assimilative influences, do not now hold good. Mr. Israel Zangwill made a remarkable statement:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"If the Jews were left to themselves-if the Christians granted to them freedom-they (the Jews) would, in the course of a few generations, merge into Christianity. * * * But for this, Christianity is not Christian enough."

But here is something more remarkable. The well-known Jewish philanthropist, Mr. J aoob H. Schiff, was one of those "Americans of the Jewish persuasion" who opposed Zionism because of its national aspirations. Not long ago, while delivering an address before the League of Jewish Youth, at New York, he claimed to be converted to Zionism. Dr. David Philipson, of Oincinnati, one of the great Re- formed Jewish leaders, after reading reports of that address, wrote to Mr. Schiff in great alarm, expressing dissension from the idea that Judaism would disintegrate in a free country. He says: "If England should conquer Palestine, it is a wild dream to imagine that the Christian nations of the world will permit the establishment of an independent Jewish State in Palestine and give to the Jews the most sacred Christian places associated with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Palestine at most will be free and open to Jews and all others who desire to settle there under a joint protectorate of Allied Powers, but an autonomous Jewish Government is most unlikely. The modern spirit will transform life in Palestine also, and the Jews and Judaism there will be subject to influences similar to those at work in other free lands. If Judaism cannot survive in a free Russia, it will not be able to survive in a free Palestine."

Mr. Schiff replied that the history of Judaism in the midst of political and religious freedom showed a steady decline in Jewish customs and religion. He continued: "Feeling in this respect as I lio, and hJ.vin6" come to the conclusion that a remedy for existing conditions may possibly be found in the repopulation of Palestine by the Jewish people, I continue at the same time of the opinion that no effort should be made to re-establish a Jewish nation. because I believe were thi.s done, the very purpose which is in my mind would become destroyed. I believe that from 50 per cent. to 75 per cent. of the so-called Jewish Nationalists are either atheists or agnostics, and that the great majority of Jewish Nationalist leaders have absolutely no interest in the Jewish religion. Conditions in this respect are already-before a Jewish nation has actually been established, as is the desire of the Jewish Nationalists-the same as those which existed when the Jewish State was an actuality and when priest and prophet were ever in disagreement and feud with kingdom and State, and which led in the end to the State's destruction. This would surely happen again were a Jewish State again established."

ISRAEr/s SPIRITUAL CONDITION Here are proofs of the confusion, the sad and hopelessly chaotic outlook, even of the Jewish leaders. The conviction grows that the war has brought before the Christian Ohurch a very great missionary problem and a supreme opportunity for Jewish missionary work. Even before the war Jewish literature contained many frank and startling admissions about the inroads being made by Ohristianity into Judaism. We are told that the synagogue has lost its power, that the fate of Jewish orthodoxy is sealed, that the de-Judaizing tendency has gone too far to be stopped.

The war is intensifying all that, and the Jewish press of the day gives evidence of a growing conviction that Jewish destiny is in the balance; it shows that official Judaism and Jewish leaders are conscious of what is at stake and alive to the disintegrating forces let loose by the war on the Jewish world. To quote a Jewish writer: "Jewish education, culture, mental energy and spiritual expanding, and all that goes to comprise Judaism-these have been battered well nigh to death by the war, and in that has the war hit us Jews above all peoples terribly."

Sir Francis Montefiore, who has been president of the English Zionists since the inception of the movement, remarks that Judaism is a mere question of sect and the present political crisis is more important than Judaism. He confesses that While he was president of the Zionist Association he did not lmow what it really was.

THE OUTLOOK The world has not yet learned any great lesson out of this groaning agony and flood of blood; and suffering and bleeding Israel has not changed. 1'he "Rock of Ages" is still to them a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. The stubborn, persistent cry still is: "We will not have this Man to reign over us."

But there are unmistakable signs of momentous importance and imminent changes. There is a growing tenderness, sympathetic interest und kindly feeling towards the Jewish people throughout Christendom. 1'he Spirit of God has touched the hearts of many of His children. In many cases prayer circles have been established and at least three new missions have been organized: one in London, England; one at Seattle and one in Brooklyn. The British societies are I)1aldng great efforts towards preparing themselves for extensive work amongst the Jews as soon as the war closes. A volume of prayer is now ascending to God on behalf of Israel, the result of which can hardly be overestimated.

The Jewish people as a whole seem to have given up their usual lightheartedness-the so-called Ghetto humor-and have become a little more serious when speaking of the things of God. The wild cry that filled the Jewish press at the beginning of the war, proving "the failure of Christianity," because Christian nations are warring, has entirely ceased; and instead, the failure of man is now being admitted by them. The open reviling and slandering of the name of Jesus is disappearing, and is entirely gone among the more enlightened: The spirit of honest inquiry and seeking after the truth has not only increased a hundredfold, but it is nothing short of a phenomenon. There has never been a greater demand for the Bible than at the present time.. The a.wakening of the Hebrew Christians to the momentousness of the times and to Israel's great needs, their longings and efforts to be united in a definite testimony, are indeed epOCh-making.

Children of Kansas Mining

BY REV. ]. T. HARTMAN A Sabbath School Missionary in Kansas . THE mining camp has furnished the scene for many thrilling stories, and the setting for many books of fiction. In the mining camp of fiction, children play no part, but in the Kansas mining camps, cllildren are a conspicuous reality. They fill the little homes and crowd the schoolhouses. To the credit of the great State of Kansas, it may be said that she proyides the best of school privileges, the best of teachers, and modern buildings and equipment for every camp. But to meet the religious needs of these communities is an acute problem.

Up to three years ago practically nothing had been done. It is in- consistent with the progressive development of Kansas that such spirit- ual neglpct should characterize this section of the State. But recently with the help of Mr. A. A. Hyde, the well-known ,Yichita manufacturer of "lIentholatum," a more hopeful story can be written. 'Vith that fore- sight and insight which mark all of his many benevolences, :Mr. Hyde projected a plan which proved practicable, and gave promise of imme- diate and lasting results. Sabbath schools were to be organized wher- ever needed, and then attached to the nearest evangelical churches, which were to foster them, and provide leaders and teachers. In Neosho Presbytery, southeastern Kansas, the rapid growth of the coal mining industry has brought many new towns into existence. This was chosen as the field for introducing the plan.

Good results work both ways. Primarily, the purpose is to help the needy field, but in doing this the church which is interested is itself benefited. Many churches have capable young people and efficient lay- men, whose talents lie idle and unused until brought into contact with the scores and hundreds of needy people of many nationalities among the mine workers and their families. An illustration of the results such efforts bring is found in one church organization which was doing a half-hearted work, but as they came in touch with a school organized in a nearby field, the church was revived, new enthusiasm was aroused, and the spiritual life of the church was deepened. The building was moved midway between the two points, and is now reaching both com- munities, doing triple its former work.

Another city church which was not noted for activity either within or without its own walls, adopted a new policy in line with the above plan. The following clipping from a daily newspaper reveals something of the transformation which followed: "The Good Fellows Class, an organization of one hundred men of the church, will provide Christmas trees for the various missions. Between eight hundred and one thousand children will share in these treats. The church now has six out-stations, two community centers and two employed helpers."

A Sabbath school was organized in a small needy camp, but the interest soon ceased and the school died. At last, after long persuasion, a neighboring church was induced to send workers there. The school took on new life and about that time a new mine was opened. The camp grew, the school prospered, preaching services were provided, and as a result of revival meetings more than fifty people made a profession.

'rhey were organized into a church, which is doing a much needed work in the community.

In a new town which was found to be without a Sabbath school there was no suitable meeting place, as the nearest school building was two miles away. A store-room, used for storing a family's house- hold goods, was at last discovered, and was secured for Sabbath-school and week-night services. The weather was cold, so a kitchen stove was pressed into service. The family chairs, supplemented with boxes, nail- kegs and counters were used for seating the audience. Family lamps supplied the light. A cottage organ furnished the music, and a refrig- erator was used for the pulpit. There was no Presbyterian church with- in miles, but a church of another denomination a few miles away was easily induced to foster this promising field. They now have an enthusiastic Sabbath school and regular preaching.

In another small village a school was organized and placed in charge of a young man from a distant city church. He was faithful for a whole year, through the heat of summer and the cold of winter. Then he decided to give his entire time to the Lord's work. He resigned a good position, reluctantly gave up the Sabbath school, and entered a training school. During his superintendency of the school he had trained a few workers who were able to keep the Sabbath school going during his absence. The young man finished his course, and is now pastor of a good church. Recently some Mormon teachers visited the little village for the purpose of spreading their belief, and the residents, in haste, 'phoned the Sabbath-school missionary to come out and hold services to counteract the Mormon influence. The meetings were at- tended with a lively interest, and now they have asked for the organi- zation of a church. .

Southridge, Kansas, was a new town, with no schoolhouse. When . one was completed, the Sabbath school was held there, and occasional preaching services were conducted by the missionary until more regular services could be arranged. The mother of one Ohristian family was elected Superintendent of the Sabbath school and the daughter, an ac- complished young lady, was appointed the primary teacher and organ- ist. Soon a church organization was needed, and was duly organized with thirty-three charter members. They are now completing a beauti- ful bungalow church building at the cost of $4,000, and have their own regular pastor.

In this work of linking these needy fields with neighboring churches, one of the most encouraging results is the direct influence it

THE CHILDREN OF KANSAS MINING CAMPS

has upon the workers who go out to lead and teach. They become wonderfully enthused and strengthened in their Christian lives and service. They carry this spirit back into their churches and inspire others by telling their experiences. Three such workers are now studying for the ministry, one has actually taken a pastorate, and two others have taken up active Christian work, devoting all their time to it.

It is a source of much comfort also to see dozens of automobiles, formerly used for pleasure riding on the Sabbath, now used every Sabbath in taking workers to out-stations and missions; and one of the best features of this sort of service is to observe the genuine pleasure which it seems to give the owners of the cars.

In the past three years. a marked change has taken place in the moral condition of the mining camps; so much so, that it is the cause of comment by traveling men and others who make periodical visits to these places. These changes are noticeable in the decrease in the number of saloons and other evil resorts, and in the restraint put upon various forms of vice. The night crowds on the interurban cars are quieter, the numerous "movies" are giving a better grade of pictures, the neighborhood and public hall dances are not as disreputable as formerly, and the conditions in general are greatly improved. As light dispels darkness, just as truly does the coming of the Sabbath school cast a benign, helpful, enlightening influence over the life of a community.

OUR PRESENT OPPORTUNITY.

FROM AN ADDRESS BY DR. JOHN R. MOTT.

"For the twelve months following the entry of the United States into the war the gifts from this country for absolutely unselfish ob- jects, such as the Red Cross, the Christian Associations, relief of stricken nations, welfare funds, but not including national loans, de- nominational gifts or education, will be at least $330,000,000. In no year before the war did America give for such causes as much as $30,- 000,000. We have nothing to boast about. That is only aoout three dollars and a little more per capita, whereas I visited cities in Canada within a few weeks where they were giving now, in the fourth year of the war, fourteen dollars per capita for every man, woman and child." *** "The very fact that everything is up-heaving means we are going to have a period of unexampled reconstruction. The very fact that the world is bearing impossible burdens means that we are going to have the chance of our lives to lift loads. The very fact that people are suffering is going to make our generation unique in the development of heart power. The very fact that this world is embittered is going to give Christianity its chance.

"All Europe is in the melting pot. And if somebody had said to me twelve months ago, even, after my visits to Europe every year now for over twenty-five years, if somebody had said to me a year ago, 'Name the country that will be least plastic at the end of this war of the countries now in the war,' the country I would have named is the country that I will now say is the most plastic. That is Russia. The distressing events, from one point of view, that we have been observing in these recent days prove as nothing else could have proved my point, that it is the most plastic."

*** "The range of our influence and lea.dership in the world of reconstruction will be determined by the genuineness and the fullness with which we enter into fellowship with the sufferings now. In vain is it for the students of Canada and the United States to put their lives over there in Flanders and down there between Verdun and Switzerland unless we have Christian men that will build on those foundations. Shall these sacrifices, these unparalleled sacrifices, be in vain? Shall the foundations lJave been laid for a new world, and we be found unworthy or unwilling to build the structure. Certainly not. We will enter into fellowship. Of what value is it for a man to die for my sake if I do not enter in? The meaning of the cross of Christ has become more vivid and appealing to tens of millions of men in these late years. Help us to enter in. 1lay such livps of sacrifice and of reverent use of the imagination and of heroic effort be lived by uS that they will become contagious in these colleges and schools and seminaries, and then through us out in the churches and these nations."

*** "Nothing has happened in this war which has invalidated a single claim ever made by Christ or on behalf of Christ. Not a thing has taken place in the world which has weakened one of Christ's prin- ciples. Christ never was so necessary, never more so; never more unique and never more sufficient. It is a great thing by an infinite process of exclusion, like this war has been, gradually to rivet t~e attention of the world upon the Unchangeable One, tlle One who IS tlJe same yesterday, today and forever. He came not only to proclaim a message but that there might be a message to proclaim. Thank God for tile chance of tIle ages to go back into our colleges and jnto our homes and into non-Christian nations and fix attention on the Only One that has not slipped and fallen. There He stands other tllan aII ,the rest, strona amonO' the weak, erect among the fallen, cdl"ean h h • among the defiled, living among the dead-Jesus ChrIst our Lor .

BUTLER WITH HIS CHRIS'fIAN AZTEC

Tbis girl was trained by the Metbodist Mis.ion Dr. John W. Butler of Mexico"

Forty-four Years as a Missionary in Mexico BY MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND J OHN WESLEY BUTLER went to Mexico at the age of twenty- . three, one of the youngest missionaries ever sent abroad by llis Board. For nearly half a century he devoted himself to the Mexican people with a whole heartedness which won their love and confidence to a marked degree. No question of advancement 01' honor could swerve him from his devotion, and the consciousness of this dedication is recognized by the people whom he loved as in their lament to day they say "He understood us."

At a time when misunderstanding between the United States and Mexico would have been a most serious menace to peace, the presence of such a man representing a great Evangelical Church, known and trusted by both nations, was a benediction in the capital of the troubled land. Knowing personally all the presidents of Mexico since Lerdo de Tejada, he was fortunate in being able to keep their regard without entangling himself in the politics of the country. All classes felt that his interest was for the welfare of the nation and that his wide influence was never exerted in political affairs. Zion's Herald says of him: • Dr_ Butler's earthly service closed in Mexico City last M<lrcb, after a term of forty-four years as a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .

"Dr. Butler was unquestionably the most influential foreigner in Mexico. This place of power he had won by his sterling character, his unselfish devotion to the people, his loyalty to the principle of the religion which he professed. He was in Mexico to help the people find Christ, to help save them from irreligion and the vices that follow in its train. The people knew this and loved him; the leaders knew it and trusted him. The place of Dr. Butler in Mexico was in consequence of this and of the pecularities of national conditions unique in many respects in the history of Methodist Episcopal missions."

Dr. William Butler, his father, was the founder of the Methodist missions in India and Mexico. When he left for India in 1856, his greatest trial was the separation from his little sons, John and his older brother William, who were left in a boarding school in Wilton, Connecticut. Almost ten years elapsed before he again saw John, but after that son and father were seldom parted.

John W. Butler was graduated from Boston University School of Theology in 1874, and proceeded immediately to Mexico where his father had opened a mission the previous year.. Entering the country so soon after the downfall of the so-called Mexican Empire, in which Maximilian of Austria was supported by French bayonets and papal prestige, and almost immediately after the death of Benito Juarez, he witnessed the strenuous efforts of the nation for the reestablishment of the republic. He stood in the railway station and saw the last of the Jesuits depart from the country which cast them out as too active in political affairs to the neglect of their spiritual duties. A nation with ninety-seven per cent. of illiteracy was not a credit to the Church which for three hundred years had controlled the schools and religious life of the people.

The Methodist mission was still persecuted, for the masses failed to understand the real motive of the American missionaries. The services were watched to see if any political propaganda was preached, but after some time Dr. Butler had the satisfaction of hearing from the lips of the President of the Republic, that after having heard the witnesses who attended the services at the Mission, they found that the Evangelicals were teaching their people to pray for the government of the nation-a course quite contrary to what they found in other gatherings.

The Mexico of that day was in need of a message of hope. Its treas- ury was almost exhausted in the struggle with Maximilian; its country divided by political parties, chief of which was the reactionary clerical party largely composed of representatives of the Roman Catholic hierarchy which held such a strong hold on the resources of the land. In 1850 Senor Lerdo made a study of the conditions, and declared that the property of the Roman Catholic Ohurch amounted to the sum of $184,000,000, with annual salaries of the priests reaching· $20,000,000_ Small wonder that Juarez stated, -after reviewing the sit- uation, that "Upon the development of Protestantism largely depends the future happiness of this country."

About this time a delegation of prominent Mexican men came to

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

New York and pled with the representatives of different Protestant Mission Boards to send missionaries to their land lest, having lost con- fidence in the present religious leadership, it should slip into irreligion.

In response to this can various societies entered the field. The Metho- dist Episcopal Mission made its headquarters in the Capital, and was fortunate enough to secure a part of the great monastery of San Fran- cisco, which covered a space equal to four city blocks, and which when sequestrated by the liberal government was found to house only sixteen monks who enjoyed aU the resources of the wonderful establishment with its great en- dowments. It was placed at the service of the people and sold in sections for various uses. The part secured by the Methodist Mission was once the pleasure palace of the Aztec Emperors. I ts varied for- tune was to become in turn a the- atre, next the temporary home of the Mexican Congress, and then a circus which failed because of the superstitious feeling of the people for its former religious use_ This varied history made its acquisition by the Mission a notable event, which,applauded by tne Liberal press, was greatly deplored by the .THE METHODIST HEADQUARTERS IN reactionary editors as a "desecra- . MEXICO CITY tion." At this hour John W . Butler came right from his theological course determined to understand the situation, and to help Mexico to rise to its high mission as a leader among the Latin-American republics, it being the first to shake off the European yoke, and to follow the United States into the democratic form of government. The influence of Mexico at that date was potent among the other countries of Central and South America.

At that time Mexico was not well understood by the people of the United States and the opinion prevailed, as it still does now, alas!

that Mexico was a land of bandits. A generous Methodist friend pre- sented the outgoing missionary with a fine pistol, but it ,,;as never used and was soon disposed of. Dr. Butler's opinion was that missionaries have no business with pistols, and his belief was justified by his more than forty years among the Mexican people.

His trips on horseback or in the old-fashioned stage coaches, which supplemented the single railway of those days, took him through the

hot country of the coast, and then up into the mountains where the Mission has stations at over 10,000 feet. He was in perils oft, and yet never received any harm from the people. On one occasion he entered late in the evening a friendly ranch, only to find soon after that it was surrounded by thousands of hostile Indians-all armed. The little company expected every moment an attack, but it turned out to he a misunderstanding, and when the Indians came to know that the foreigner who had entered was a missionary they quietly dispersed.

Dr. Butler's catholic spirit made him the friend of many priest.s who came to him, sometimes under cover of darkness, to talk of their dissatisfaction with their present teachings, and to ask for guidance. To such the Mission could hold out no promise of remunerative positions, but the Word of God was freely given, and during the years several such le(t the old Church and came into the Evangelical ministry, becoming indeed fathers to their people, though they no longer demanded the title. The friendship with Gen. Porfirio Diaz which Dr. Butler enjoyed during the 30 years of his active political prominence in Mexico, was a remarkable feature in the life of a missionary. Bishop McCabe used to relate an incident to the effect that when he accompanied him to the palace to call on the venerable President, Don Porfirio placed his hand on the shoulder of the missionary saying, "Friend John, you have not come to see me for a long time.'" Equally cordial was his relationship with the Indian people-eating their food and living in their homes on his long trips. One of his great friends among the Indians was Prince Prez, an aged Indian, a direct descendant of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma, who now as an active member of a little Protestant church in the State of Oaxaca was a most happy Christian. His response to the invitation of Maximilian of Austria to come to Mexico City to accept a position of honor in the so-called Empire, had been, "When I go to Mexico to see an Emperor, it will be one with Mexican blood in his veins." This was often quoted by Dr. Butler as a testimony to the loyalty and patriotism of the indigenous people of Mexico.

In contradiction to the uninformed and careless newspaper writers who picture Mexico to us as a nation of bandits, some going so far as to say that 14,000,000 of them may be counted in that class, it was Dr. Butler's firm belief that only about a quarter of a million were actually engaged in the revolutions, and that the remainder of the 15,000,000 are peace-loving, law-abiding people.

Besides work in Spanish, Dr. Butler was at the head of an English-speaking church and his ministry to the young Americans who went down in thousands for the industrial enterprises which unfolded so rapidly during the last quarter of a century was a large part of his work. When an American was taken ill at the hotel and was sent to the pest house, and it became known that he was ill with black smallpox, it was Dr. Butler who went to him, when none else would approach.

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

One particularly pathetic case of this kind resulted in the establishment of an American hospital, where to-day English-speaking people may have physicians and nurses who speak their tongue. The following incident occurred in California about ten years ago, when a man with his arms full of flowers came on to a sleeper in which it was an- nounced that he was traveling, and called out "Is Dr. Butler of Mexico here?" 'While all'looked on he came forwar-d and filled the arms of the missionary with his burden of flowers. Then without a word of explanation to him, he turned and addressed the people in the car, saying, "This man placed flowers on the grave of my boy in Mexico." Everyone in the car min- gled their tears with his. The ac- count of this incident which Dr.

Butler wrote to his aged mother, closed with these words, "If man's recognition is so sweet, what will heaven be?"

The railroads employed in the early days of their great develop- ment in Mexico far more Americans as engineers than they do at present. In case of accident, Dr.

Butler was always in the relieving train and the men of the line came to love him devotedly. One morn- A METHODIST VILLAGE CHAPEL IN ing a letter came to the mission MEXICO house from a pastor in Canada whose son, a brilliant young fellow, had left college in a spirit of adventure, and had not been heard from for two year's, the last news of him being in Japan. He wondered if by any possibility the boy had drifted to Mexico. It was characteristic of Dr. Butler to respond to such an appeal immediately and leaving all other duties that morning he went down to inquire among the railway boys for the prodigal. Within two hours he had found the young man, then almost dead from starvation and neglect, and was able to restore him to his father and a career of usefulness and honor.

His friendliness with the representatives of the press in Mexico became an asset to the Evangelical cause. Indeed at one time they gave him unmerited praise, when on the occasion of a great memorial serv- ice in the large auditorium of the church at No.5 Calle de Gante, they reported his remarks as of unusual eloquence. No wonder, for he was reading from the ritual the sublime passage from St. Paul, "0, grave

where is thy victory!" words unfamiliar to Catholic reporters of the day.

Besides his preaching and pastoral work, Dr. Butler found time to edit for years the El Abogado Cristiano, the mission weekly which has never been suspended even during these years of revolution, and to administer a large mission press which publishes millions of Sunday school helps and tracts.

It had been the dream of his life to see the field in which his father had laid the foundations of another mission, so in 1906 he accompanied his venerable mother, who in her 86th year went with the Jubilee party to celebrate the 50th year of Methodist work in ,India. The joy of the great results manifested on this occasion gave him courage for the greater day for Mexico which will soon dawn. He was not permitted to see his own jubilee, but God spared him to see the work begun in 1873 grow until it numbers over seven thousand communicants, and more than 22,000 adherents, with 5,000 children being educated in the schools of the mission. On a recent Sunday, in Mexico City alone, more than 700 were present in the two Sunday Schools of his'Mission, and as many as 1,500 attended one of the church services. From seeing the Bible a prohibited book, and recovering portions of it which were burned in the streets as recently as six years ago, he lived to see the agents of the Bible Society sell, in one of the cities of the land, in the brief space of one month, more than 10,000 copies of portions of God's Word, while one of the Bible women of his Mission sold in Mexico City over 2,000 copies in a few weeks. His hope for a union of the two Metho· dists is not yet a reality, but the action of seventy representatives of the various Mexico missions gathered in Cincinnati in 1914 for a pro· gram of readjustment of territory was a great joy. The Union Hymn Book which has been used by practically every Evangelical mission is to be followed, according to the plans of this conference by a Union College, a union publishing house and Christian periodical, and the great Union Theological Seminary, which already at work, places Mexico in advance uf all other fields in this respect. For the first time to the one Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church presents thus a united front which, allowing for diversities of opinion, manifests clearly our one faith and purpose.

The burden for his work in this time of loss in exchange was keenly felt by Dr, Butler. The deprivations which the war prices brought upon his ministerial brethren burdened him like the deprivations of his own children. The love he bore to these brethren was like that of a father, and indeed the younger men almost universally gave bim the affec· tionate title of "Uncle John." .

The spirit in which Dr. 'Butler viewed the outlook for Mexico, is shown by his letter to the Secretary of the American Bible Society, written from Mexico on January 30, less than two months before his death. In this letter he said:

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

"The facts are that the country has been shaken from center to circumference and the Mexican people have their eyes open as never before, Their minds are full of inquiry. The number of these is constantly increasing. The rising generation will be educated as no previous generation has been. This is a golden opportunity to put into the hands of this people the Word of Life.

"It is just fifty-two years since Maximilian permitted the opening of the first Bible Agency in this country, and up to date something like 1,000,000 copies of the Bible or portions thereof have been distributed in the country. But, 'What are these among so many?' Sixteen million men, women and children await the entrance of the Word that giveth life and light. Will we withhold it or will the people in the United States awake to the significance of the opportunity and give you the means that will enable you to scatter abroad the Book which contains the infallible remedy for all the ills which have afflicted these oppressed people in generations past?

"Your Society can send a book ahead of the missionary, and in the many places where we cannot go as yet, but to which we will surely be called if the Book is first sent out. As I go about the country and look upon the mass of the people, especially of the humble class, I am more and more impressed with the thought that thousands, if not literally millions, about us can truthfully say, 'No man careth for my soul.' The Bible will teach them differently, and if given generously will bring, in the near future, out of all our disorder, a happy and prosperous Mexico, the best of all neighbors lying to your south."

The closing word of Dr. Butler's "History of the Methodist Mission in Mexico," just from the press, shows a similar confidence: "In 1865 the immortal Lincoln at one of Mexico's darkest hours wrote to the' exiled President, Benito Juarez: 'Be of good cheer my friend. Mexico will rise again.' Shortly after this the foreign invader withdrew from the country and Mexico did re-rise and with the aid of her marvelous resources came soon into a prosperous condition. In last days she has been passing through deep waters but we trust that she will soon emerge into better days. Her country pacified, her farms and factories, her mines and mills will bring her prosperity and her people will be educated and industrious. Protestant Christianity will have her part in this good work. Possibly the historic church, learning lessons from the past, revitalized in some measure and provoked to good works by the Evangelical bodies, will purge itself of idolatry and dedicate its tremendous influence to the uplifting and Christianizing of the masses. What power that church would exercise if Jesus Christ were given the preeminence."

We close with a few words of appreciation of Dr. Butler from one of the missionaries in Mexico: "His saintliness was of the attractive variety and his whole life dominated by one great purpose-to know and to do the will of his Father. Dr. Butler also loved folks, he wanted his friends around him and the beauty of his spirit, his sparkling humor, his interest in everything worthy of a man-made him attractive to them.

"Dr. Butler had the international mind. He loved the land of his fathers, England; he loved the land where his father labored first-India; He loved America, his own land with the fervor of a true patriot and HE LOVED MEXICO. A better friend she will not find or one who saw her needs more clearly and strove more faithfully to bring in the day of her glory. He did not live to see that day here but we believe that he may, -from 'beyond, view the Mexico that is to be, built in no small degree on foundations which he himself laid."

Church In Time of

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.D., Pastor of Westminster Chapel, Buckinghamgate, London, England "I fill up on my part that which is lack- most parts of the earth. In the Chris- tian redemption our sufferings are not ing of the afflictions of Christ" (Col. I :24). elemental or fundamental; they are supplemental. Sacrificial disciples are That is a very startling claim. There needed to proclaim the unique sacrifice is an apparent audacity about it which of our Lord. "I fill up on my part almost takes away one's breath. "I fill that which is lacking of the afflictions up that which is lacking of the afflic- of Christ." tions of ChrisL" But was there something lacking. in Jesus which had to be The Crimson Thread supplied by Paul? Was there a defect in the sacrificial ministry of our Lord? Now, wherever we touch the life of Was there some fatal gap in the sacred the Saviour we touch the spirit of sacsecurities of the Cross? Was the green rifice. Nothing is cheap; nothing is hill outside the city wall the site of done as a mere incident; nothing is a an unfinished redemption? Was Paul bloodless fragment which has no reneeded to perfect the efficacy of aton- lationship to the eternal purpose. In ing grace? This was surely not the the life of Jesus everything is the gift meaning of the Apostle's claim. More of blood. We cannot break into the than any other man he continually life anywhere without finding the crimgloried in the perfected wonders of son thread. Let us try it here and the reconciling sacrifice of Christ. there, and we shall see how, in every Love's redeeming work was done. place, the sacred passion is revealed. Paul could add nothing to the Cross. Open the Word in this place. Here And yet, here stands the strange as- is the Lord beset by vulgar men. A sertion: "I fill up on my part that callous crowd, wearing the trappings which is lacking of the afflictions of of religion, has dragged a fallen wom- Christ." The Apostle evidently brings an into His holy presence. "Jesus some suffering of his own, and adds stooped down and with his finger it to the sufferings of his Lord. For it is wrote upon the ground." And are we possible for us to supplement the mir- not looking at the crimson thread? acle we cannot perform. When the That stooping down, that hiding of Saviour has multiplied the loaves, we the face, is the symbol of suffering; it ca'n distribute the bread. By no man- is the sign of exquisite spiritual refinener of possibility can we enrich the ment in contact with the brutal vul- Cross of Christ by any treasure of our garity of men. own; but we can take up our own cross, and we can willingly yield our Break into the Life at another own strength to the glorifying of His point. One day His disciples came to Cross and to proclaiming its virtue Him and introduced a number of throughout the world. We cannot young Greeks, who desired the Lord's make His sacrifice more effective, but acquaintance: "Sir, we would see by our sacrifices we can make the un- Tesus!" For one moment His soul is shared sacrifice known to all men. And exalted in the vision: "The hour is so our filling up of the sufferings of come that the Son of man shall be Christ is not done on the hill called glorified." And then we see the crim- Calvary; it is done on that long road son strand again and the suffering in which begins at the empty tomh and which the redemption of Greek and which stretches through Jerusalem Gentile is' to be accomplished: and Samaria, and reaches the utter- "Now is My soul troubled." It is a glimpse at the afflictions of Christ. And So' is it everywhere in all the the immoral mire af their surround- varied aspects af His labaur. Christ ings. Others are like Sherwoad Ed- never gave anything that cost Him dy's soldier-friend, who said that in the nO'thing. Through every deed there direst surroundings he felt as if he ran the current of holy passion. His were "in some great cathedral with the whale life was a travail far eternal presence of God all abaut him." So' it ends, and therefare everything was is· very clear that while one man finds the gift of blaad. only the devil in warfare, another man The Apostolic Fellowship of Suffering may find his Lord. And as it is with soldiers, so it is When I turn fram the life af the Master to' the life af His Apastles I with peoples. War will nat necessarily find the fellowship af His sufferings. crown a people with a diadem of spirit- We can see the crimson line. The ual grace and moral nobility. Great Apostles entered the Kingdom af changes will be effected by this War. Heaven through tribulatian, and they The transformation is taking place becanquered new daminians for their fore our eyes. There will be social and Lard as trenches are taken on the bat- economic adjustments of an incredible tle-fields of Europe, by casting every- range and order. There will be thing into the venture, and by climbing changes in literature. There will be the steep ascent thraugh peril, toil and changes in the standard of Jife. And pain. They filled up on their part that yet, amid all these changes, and in spite which was lacking of the afflictians of of them, there may be amang the great Christ. masses of the people a deadlier moral apathy and a benumbment of the And so it has been all through the nerves of spiritual correspondence and histary af the Christian Church. The a cansequent lessening of our com- Cross has won no victory by the hands munian with God. of sluggish and unbleeding heralds, and Calvary has· never tald its convinc- Mighty Wrestling ing story thraugh the ministry af Haw is this fatal issue to' be avaidfrozen hearts. The blaad of the mar- ed? I believe it is largely to' be tyrs has been the seed of the Church. avaided by the saving ministry af the Will the Church Do It Now? Church of Christ, and by her eager willingness to fill up on her part that Here we are, at the end of the ages, which is lacking of the afflictians of and we are set in a big and momentaus Christ. For great spiritual births there time. How is it with us and with all . must be great travail. The Church of our fellow-believers in the Church? must be like her Lord and like the In what spirit is the present crisis Lard's apostles in the early Churchfaced by the Church of God? Is she she must aganize for the moral and the kinsman of the Apostolic Church the spiritual redemption of men. and the kinsman af the Church of the "Agonize"-it is a great New Testagreat travails? If we break into the ment word, and it was barrowed from Church's life, any time ar anywhere, the athlete; it was taken from the shall we find the crimson strand? Can mighty wrestlings in the arena. The she truthfully say with the Apostle Church is to agonize in the tremendous Paul: "I fill up On my part that which exercise of spiritual wrestling. She is lacking of the sufferings of Christ"? is to' wrestle with God, as the patriarch My brethren, it is imperative that wrestled with the angel unto the cam- we remember that war is not neces- ing af the dawn. She is to wrestle sarily an ennobling experience, even with herself, treading upon the lion if it be faught in a sacred cause and and the adder within her own life, and for righteaus ends. Some men find ·in trampling the yaung lian and the the trenches anly profanity and ob- dragon under her feet. And she is to scenity, and they clothe themselves in wrestle for the ~edemption of the

world, generously and bountifully affected by the flag or boundary line. spending her blood that she might win She must be zealous to defend her the world for Christ. humanness, her Christianness, her wells and fountains of life, and she Well, do you see many signs of this must keep them deep and pure and wrestling? Would you say that the sweet. She must fight against the sub- Church of Christ has intimacy with the tle encroachment of all moral opiates apostolic agony, and is entering into and aru:esthetics. The Church must the fellowship of her Saviour's suffer- keep herself awake and vigilant, and ings? How is it with her men? How in this most appalling time she must is it with her women? Said one sol- remain the eye, and the ear, and the dier in a letter he wrote to a woman mind, and the heart of our Lord. from Flanders: "I want to tell you that if you.were here you would feel Wrestle in Prayer that a woman who frivols has ceased to exist for anybody who is up against And secondly-The Church must the stark facts of death and life. . . . agonize in the labour of intercessioll. Can you guess how I feel when I see You remember the word of the apostle in the papers a picture column adver- Paul, "I would have you know how tisement of outlandish hat shapes greatly I agonize for you!" It is a flanking the very letters describing an glimpse into the strong intercessory army in its agony! It flaunted us, if wrestlings of the great Apostle. It is you please, when we still had in vision a glimpse of the crimson strand. His the broken but unbandaged heads of prayers were like the muscular contenglorious men, smashed all about us in tion of an athlete in grips with his a great assault on our line." antagonist. "Agonize" is not a popular word in the modern Church's vocabu- Wrestle to Keep Spiritually Sensitive lary. "Organize" appears to have the supreme place. We organize more than Well, are we frivoling? What shall we agonize. Weare more intent upon we do? What is to be our line of multiplying machinery than we are sanity and salvation? How shall the upon enriching our fundamental pow- Church agonize and "fill up on her er. Weare more eager in riveting the part that which is lacking of the afflic- organization than in strengthening the tions of Christ" ? Well, first of all- organism. Weare more concerned to The Church of Christ mt~st agonize in confer with one another than we are the guarding of her own sensitiveness. to hold great communion with God. In times like these the realm of the But it is in agonizing intercession that insensitive is continually enlarging its the real conflict in our time is to be kingdom. One nerve after another is won. Rivers of vitality have their rise benumbed, and ceases to have any cor- in souls that are on their knees before respondence with the naked reality of God. The deep and mighty prayers of things. Our range of feeling is re- the Church are the real birthpangs of duced. Some of our elemental in- the race. stincts go to sleep. The fine perception of vital differences is blunted. Well, how is it with the intercessions Love and hatred mingle in strange of the Church? If we could look into confusion. We lose the glaring con- them, should we find the red strand? trast of right and wrong. Weare Is there anything in our prayers in robbed of the Christian sense of sin. these momentous days which can in any way be regarded as supplemental And therefore do I say that the to the tremendous work of Calvary? Church must agonize to preserve her Is there anything of wrestling? Is own sensitiveness; for if her moral there anything of the athlete's agony and spiritual intuitions become dull for the prize? Let me ask a very chaland dim, one of the greatest hopes of lenging question, a question which the world is gone. The Church must smites me to the very ground as I ask labour to keep her sense of right urt-

1918j THE CHURCH IN TIME OF WAR

it, and let me ask it in great reverence: constrained to worship Him as the If you were God, would you answer supreme Hero of heroes and the Capprayers such as we toss so lightly and tain of their salvation. easily into the sacred Presence? . . . How our Master prayed in Geth- And that, too, must be the primary semane in the birth-hour and birth- work of the Church at home, to preach throes of the world's redemption! the Gospel, to proclaim the ma.rvellous "And being in an agony he prayed realities of redemption, and to do more earnestly, and His sweat was as it with the very blood of lives which it were great drops of blood falling are eagerly surrendered to the Lord down to the ground." Such was the who bought us. Saviour's suffering intercession. And His own Church is called to supple- The world is aching for a Gospel ment those sufferings; she is called to and it is the labour of the Church to agonize in our own day, and to wrestle present a gospel that can reach the with the angel until the break of day. world's most awful need, that can get We are to "fill up on our part that down to its deepest depravity, and which is lacking of the afflictions of bring cordials and balms to its most appalling sorrow. And the old Gospel Christ." can do it! Yes, the old Gospel, in working attire, proclaimed by a Wrestle in Preaching Church which believes it, is gloriously efficient to meet the most tremendous And in the third place, the Church needs of this most tremendous day. must agonize in the proclamation of "God so loved the world that He gave the Gospel. Nothing, even in these ex- His only-begotten Son, that whosociting days, must supplement the ever believeth on Him should not preaching of the Gospel-and it must perish, but have everlasting life." That be the Apostolic Gospel, not trimmed Gospel, preached by a Church that beto meet the superficial fashion of the lieves in it, a Church that is redeemed passing hour. We must not play with by it, a Church that will give its blood the Gospel. We must not trifle with for it, is the sure and ·certain secret of it. We must not toy with it daintily a comforted, purified, unified, regenerlike effeminate loiterers who have no ated and transfigured world. In her great and immediate business in hand. preaching of an atoning Saviour, the We must hand it out to the world with Church must on her .part fill up that the very blood of men and women who which is lacking of the sufferings of have been gloriously redeemed by the Christ. precious blood of Christ. There must be blood in the proclamation of the So must the Church supplement the Gospel to all our soldiers, whether sufferings of Christ in all the ways I they are in the training-camp or in the have named, by guarding her own trenches in the actual field of war. moral and spiritual sensitiveness; by Our services among the soldiers are the wrestling ministry of intercession; nqt always impressive. Here are three by a lavish proclamation of the Gos~ sentences from the letters of three pel and by every form of holy and soldiers at the Front: "Army religion sacrificial service. In everything she is the limit;" "The service is a perfect does the Church must reveal the crimfarce;" "Church parades arouse my son strand. She must shed her blood worst passions." Our military chap- for her Saviour. And she must do it lains must be more than prim and all with sacred joy. She must rejoice superfine spectators: they must be that she is counted worthy to suffer for splendid soldiers of the Lord, and their His Name. And indeed we have someservices must be as real as the most thing and everything to make us sing. urgent realities on the field; and when We have our risen and present Lord, men hear them proclaim the Gospel of and we have the boundless resources the Lord Jesus Christ, they must be of redeeming grace. "He loved me, and gave Himself for me."

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METHODS .. ~O !Sh'WUU…h.dW' ·..- BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards METHODS OF PRESERVING MISSIONARIES.

WE READ many advertisements sails means opportunity for enlarging and treatises in these days on the interest of those who stay.

the proper care and preservation of Steamer Letters.-Oh, the dreary things of value, from teeth to forests, days unenlivened by whistle of the but the care and preservation of one postman! Everybody thinks everybody of the most costly and valuable of else is sending plenty of steamer let- world factors receives scant attention. ters so the missionary may pass letter- Missionaries are a valuable invest- less days. A little thoughtfulness on ment. From a monetary standpoint the part of some one in passing on to alone they represent millions of dol- a circle of friends and interested work- lars of the church's capital. Entirely ers the steamer address of outgoing aside from either a sense of honor, or missionaries will mean that when the feeling of sentiment, they represent missionary is on board there will be de- too large an outlay to be disregarded. livered to him such a stack of mail as Even if there were no grateful appre- will make his fetIow passengers regard ciation of their work it is good busi- him with respectful admiration. The ness policy for the Church to surround assurance that these letters do not re- them with conditions under which quire a personal answer whets his they can give the best returns in relish for them. True, there are some effective .service and can extend that steamer letters which make one won- service over the longest possible term. der whether a stereotyped form for Our Mission Boards are taking care "A Correct Letter to be Sent to a of the big propositions in salaries and Missionary" has been printed in some equipment but, since missionaries are "Letter Writer's Complete Guide."

decidedly individual and human, there Somehow a foreboding cheerfulness are some things, usually reckoned lit- seems to be forced into them as if tle things, which nevertheless mean the writer felt perfectly sure that the much, and which no Board can handle recipient was likely to appear at any as official business. time on the breakfast menu of some For the Outgoing Voyage. cannibal island, but was trying to be heroically reassuring over it. The No matter how much enthusiasm spice of variety and an element of the missionary has in his heart, no real worth may be easily introduced matter how eagerly he has set his into steamer letters if some one will face. to his field, there comes a sinking give time and thought to them and of the heart as the last glimpse of the pass suggestions on to others.

home-land fades away. Some one has A Bouquet of Roses.-At a farewell said that "no peculiar brand of piety reception an outgoing missionary was is developed by an ocean voyage." On presented a bouquet of roses. To the the other hand, the piety already de- stem of each rose was tied a note writ- veloped, the courage and the deter- ten by some friend. The notes were mination of many missionaries meet dated, one for each day of the voyage.

days of testing in these days of voy- The missionary wrote back that she aging. From the side of developing had eagerly waited the coming of each the home base every missionary who new day, and that, while she had con-

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scientiously held the notes until the a longing that Livingstone's friend proper dates arrived, she became so in- might be at hand as each missionary tensely interested that she did get up one night as soon as the clock struck sails, or that her mantle might fall twel ve, to read one. on a host who would remember that many times there are when a mission- A Promise for Every Day.-Select ary might save his strength and insome of the rich promises of the crease his efficiency if he had com- Bible. Write them on cards and put paratively small sums at his disposal. in dated envelopes, one to be opened Farewell Showers.-Not all the each day. missionaries who sail are of the stern- A Daily Prayer.-Write on cards a ly heroic type who are determined to leave behind every earthly comfort. prayer for every day of the voyage, There is no reason why they should. with the assurance that on that day you will join in the same prayer. Every bit of cheer and comfort they A Gem for Every Day.-Select can carry with them will be sorely some gems of poetry and copy or needed during the days that they must mount on cards, one for each day. face on the field. For the girl who is Look Pleasant, Please!-He who makes the missionary laugh has going to Japan comes this shower suglengthened his days and strengthened gestion: his work. Select choice bits of humor, from Mark Twain's ocean voyage or "For invitations fasten cards to the tiny the funny column in the daily and Japanese umbrellas which may be bought by the dozen at the ten cent stores, or cut prepare one for every day of the designs from paper napkins and fasten on voyage. cards. Circulate among the girls a list of the things the missionary really wants and Daily Surprises.-A bright group have each of them select the thing she will of young people prepared a surprise give and check it off, to avoid duplication. box for each day for an outgoing mis- To give a real cherry blossom effect in sionary. In each box was some gift. decorations, pop corn and dip it in pink The reflex influence on the .young dye. Then glue the grains of corn to the folks would have made the work bare branches of a tree. The partially worth while, even if the gifts had been popped grains make perfect opening buds. worth nothing to the missionary. Have the guests received by daintily kimonoed maidens. The presents may be A Parting Gift Saved Livingstone. brought in by the same little maidens who -Just before Livingstone sailed for bow to the ground as they present them. Africa a woman gave him a parting Provide entertainment by having tables gift in cash for his personal use. This which have on each six questions about gift enabled the overworked mission- Japan for a progressive contest. Favors ary to employ Melbawe, who became may be bought at a Japanese store or may his ever-faithful servant and friend. be made by the artistic girl. A kodak pic- When Livingstone was attacked by ture of the missionary, pasted on a tiny the lion he was saved from the very Japanese flag, makes an attractive souvenir. jaws of death by the screams of this Before the guests go, give the missionary devoted black man, who thus diverted an opportunity to enlist them as intercesthe attention of the enraged beast sors, and in any other definite service posfrom his master to himself, and pre- sible in her work." served to Africa and to the world the life of that princely missionary. Showers need not be confined to the feminine gender. Things masculine When we think of such a man as Dr. John Scudder, every hour of which are not supplied by any Board, whose life meant so much to India, breaking down completely as a result yet which make much more complete of a long walk under a burning sun the equipment of missionaries, have for lack of the trifling sum to pay been supplied by energetic leaders who for a sedan chair, there comes to us have noted the needs and had them supplied by individuals or organiza- tions. Aside from the value of the equipment there is great gain in the increased interest of those who supply it. Prayer Leagues.-The sailing of

each new missionary is another oppor- at the front in the war, are making tunity for the forming of new prayer some of us realize that we have done leagues or the strengthening of those almost nothing to follow the mission- already formed. Among the most aries who are out on the firing line in cheering of steamer letters are those a still greater warfare. The "Follow signed by a group who have agreed the Flag" Scrap Book Letters offer a together as touching the work of the splendid suggestion for a weekly letter missionary to pray for him, not only to a missionary. The stationery for during the days of the ocean voyage, these letters may be secured in boxes but every day, for his work on the field. containing fifty-two sheets. The first As the Days Go By page is blank for a personal message Satisfactory explanation has never to be written by the sender. The two yet been given of the delay in writing inside pages are prepared for clippings to be pasted in-choice bits of poetry; to missionaries and in answering letters a good joke, happenings in the home from missionaries. Possibly because church, or striking lines from dailies the letter must go so far we feel or magazines enriched by marginal that it should not be written with undue haste, or perchance we want comments from the sender. A Sundayto make sure of full value received for school class would become keenly inthe additional foreign postage. What- terested in gathering clippings for ever the cause the result is that the such a scrap book letter to be sent lapses between communications from every week to a missionary and lastthe home-land grow longer and longer ing ties would be formed between the as the days go by. After seven years young people and the workers at the in Japan a missionary said: missionary front. The churches that are having these letters sent to their "When I was going to Japan the boys from the college and the seminary slapped members in service during the war are me on the back and ~ajd, 'We're not going finding it an excellent plan. Try it in to forget you, old chap. We'll keep the your church and include your missionmail pouches heavy. We'll keep you in aries in the list of those at the front. touch with what is going on in the world so you will not fossilize on the other side.' Personal friends who let the weeks Many friends and relatives at different lengthen into months between letters, may find here first aid to a weekly places there were who promised with a letter. fervent grip of my hand to 'Write often.' In trusting innocence I sailed forth picturing a staggering postman before my door. After Post Cards.-It costs only two cents a time a few straggling letters came in. to send a post card to missionaries. The second month brought a few, the third The spontaneous greeting of cards is sometimes more to be desired than month, fewer. In a year a letter was a very occasional event. In two years most of them had dropped off. After three years the long delayed and carefully studied about the only envelopes that came to my messages we think must be prepared address were those which bore the familiar for such an important communication that must make an ocean voyage.. stamp of the Board of Foreign Missions. Five years passed and I had to struggle against a feeling akin to bitterness as I Missionaries Like a Glimpse of Our realized that I had dropped out entirely of Lives the old life at home. At the end of the A Magazine Club.-A woman startseventh year when my furlough was due I had only one correspondent in the home- ed a missionary magazine club, reland, notwithstanding my eager answers to cently, the purpose of which was not the circulation of missionary magathose who started out so bravely to serve a zines, but the circulation of magazines seven-year term in the prevention of fossilizing."

Scrap Book Letters.*-The many among missionaries. Membership in plans that are suggested for following the club was conditioned on the send- our boys who are fighting our battles ing of a magazine to a missionary.

• A box (}f this Follow tbe Flag stationery Members could have the magazine sent for the Scrap Book Letters may be secured directly from the publishers or they from the Duplex Co., Richmond, Virginia, for could send their own copies as soon 50 cents.

BEST METHODS

as they had read them. In this way the would give anything in the world for club manager secured at least one something that would make me relax.

magazine for every missionary in the We live such tense lives. We see and force of her denomination. The N a- hear, and are surrounded by such ter- tional Geographic Magazine was rible things that we get in a state of placed in the reading room of a mis- depression that I can scarcely express.

sion school, and the Youth's Compan- If there is anything to give a man ;J ion and Everyland went to fam,ilies of laugh the missionary is the man above missionary children who welcomed all men who needs it."

them eagerly. *** Form the habit of passing on to She was a quiet, saintly little mis- your missionaries the things you en- sionary who looked as if no worldly joy especially. A Home Base Secre- thought ever entered her mind. Was tary bought Harper's last August on a there a magazine which would be in train. The clever short stories in that her realm? "What magazine would number provided such delightful rec- you prefer?" I asked. "I wish vou reation for her in the midst of the would send me some fashion maga- heavy convention schedule for the zine," she said. "I know that sounds summer that she wondered if they terrible coming from a missionary, but would prove just as relaxing to the we get desperately hungry to know workers on the other side. She what people are doing and wearing in wrapped the magazine and mailed it America. At the summer places we to a missionary friend in Japan. This like to know enough to be able to tell friend read the stories with keenest in what year a woman came out to the enjoyment, and, thinking of what a field by the make of her clothes. Then treat that magazine would be to a mis- when furlough time comes around we sionary in a Korean hospital, she has- can make some things over and get tened to send it on to her. There it near enough to the prevailing modes was passed around to do still further that people do not 'stare at us as if we service. What joy-givers our maga- were "the wild man from Borneo just zines passed on in this way might be- come to town,' when we step out in come! Likewise books. Instead of America. When I try to make clothes adding them to your library, mail to for the children, I just wish I had even some missionary the new books you the fashion sheets the American stores read from time to time. Far better give away."

this than that they should lie on your SPeaking of Clothes.- I was talking library shelves, untouched from one with another missionary about her year housecleaning to another. in America. She had spoken at many The Human Streak in Missionaries conferences, and at all of them her messag-es had made the deepest spirit- He was an especially dignified 'mis- ual impression. Countless young sionary of solemn mien. I wondered women had heard and answered her what magazine we could send him. . call to a more complete consecration Possibly he might take his valuable in service.

time to scan the pages of the I nter- Now she was worn out and needed national Review of Mis{ions. Per- rest.

chance he did not live so far above "What has been the most wearing earth but that he might still be in- thing in your work?" I asked. terested in the events of the passing "Clothes," she whispered, as she days, and the interpretation thereof smiled whimsically. HI hate to bother as recorded in the Literary Digest. with them. 1£ there were only some When I asked him what magazine he one who would see that I always had most wanted, I fairly gasped at his something suitable for my work ready monosyllabic answer,-"Life." Then to wear, that individual would surely he added, "Sometimes I feel that I increase my efficiency. Few people

have any idea of how hard it is to dear child sent me a box of worn riblook presentable when traveling thou- bons. Thinking that I might not propsands of miles on dusty trains, and erly appreciate them, and evidently speaking every day, seven days in a making adequate provision for the week." highest claim possible in the event of their loss in transit, she wrote 'value A missionary on the field, as well as $5.00' on the box. That brief super- scription cost me $2.50. I could have those on furlough, could have much invested that two-fifty to much better valuable time released for service if advantage h~re, and she could have some stay-at-home would be her Dor- sent her package without any duty cas. American mothers who have charges if she had declared it 'worn daughters about the same age as ribbons.' daughters of missionaries might make double outfits and send one to the "Of course we love the thrill of mother at the front. Women who opening packages from home, but this have no daughters might busy their luxury is not for us. Unless the folks needles for the children of the mis- at. home accompany the package with sionary mother, upon whose time the the money for duty it is far .better that women and children of the mission presents of value should be in the form make such heavy demands. One Am- of drafts, or of books and magazines erican mother who has a daughter a which are free from duty." few years older than the daughter of a friend on the mission field, sends all Another tragedy of Christmas on of the dresses her little girl wears one the mission field is that the Christmas season to her friend for the next sea- spirit does not begin to operate in son. She sees that they are in such America early enough. Usually Christgood condition that they are of real mas day arrives at the mission station value, and she gives them with sl1ch long before any Christmas messages or charming graciousness there is no sug- packages arrive. Our missionaries gestion of second-hand clothes in the often spend the day without a single transfer. Another advantage secured greeting from the home land. Then all is that these things may be sent as during January and February, and "worn clothing," and are thus free sometimes even in March the timelv from duty, or subject to a very small wishes that "This Christmas day may. charge. be filled with truest Christmas joy" straggle in. Invest in some, "Do not Christmas Protection.-"Save me!" open until December 25," stickers, and wrote a missionary frantically, "from mail your Christmas greetings to mis-· my Christmas friends. I have cashed sionaries in time to insure their reachin everything available to get enough ing their destination before the dav is duty money to pay on Christmas pack- a date of ancient history. Many IJeOages. I tremble at every coming of pIe think of their missionary friends the post man for fear I am about to on Christmas day, on Easter and on be the recipient of another gift with Thanksgiving day, but few begin to duty due on it. Plead with my friends think early enough for the friends to to pass over next Christmas. Entreat receive an expression of the thought them not to send me any presents- on these and other festival days. unless in some way you can make them understand that money to pay Anent Furloughs the duty should accompany the gift. It sounds pathetic, but we really can- If you want to call forth on the not afford to receive any more pres- countenances of a -group of missionents. Starvation faces us if we do. I aries an inscrutable expression which have had to draw on all my house- no man can fully understand or comkeeping fund to pay duty on presents. prehend the full meaning thereof-just We have to pay at least one-half the speak of furloughs. Of necessity there valuation of each package in duty. One must be much o.f hardship in the mis-

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sionary furlough, but much of joy and tend the building of a college, the plans real benefit could be added, and much for which I had already prepared. I of hardship subtracted if more of the was so weak when I returned to the people. who are not members of Mis- field that an aged missionary who met sion Boards gave thoughtful consider- me said: 'Why, man, you look more ation and help in making effective the like a man who ought to go to America f~rlou~h plans of Boards for their mis- on furlough than one coming from slOnanes. America after a furlough.'

The Committee on Furloughs, ap- "After a short time I had a complete pointed by the Board of Missionary break-down which has debarred me Preparation, reports that' the furloughs from any further service in the field.

of American missionaries represent an- If my furlough had been properly safe- nually 1,429 years of missionary life, guarded I might have served for many and an investment of $572,000 of years to come."

American missionary money. Again, Missionarv Honles-The first home- as in the case of the years of service on coming problem of many missionaries the field, here is an investment large is that they have no home to which to enough to demand the most careful come. Many who looked forward thought of the home church. as well eagerly, during the first years of serv- as of the missionary himself. The fif- ice, to the home-coming, must face a teen months allotted to the average broken circle and a desolated home on furlough must be made to mean as their return, and find no place that is much as possible in serving five ends really home to them. Many Mission as stated by the Committee on Fur- Boards now include in their equipment loughs: (a) Health, (b) Study, (c) furnished homes for missionaries on Spiritual Stimulus, (d) Social Pur- furlough. There is still room for in- poses, (e) Cultivation of the Home dividuals to give homes for this pur- Church. pose, and for summer homes in the Because there is so much to do, and mountains and on the shore and for so little time in which to do it, many winter homes in the south to be put at missionaries are in even more need the disposal of Mission Boards for of a furlough at the end of the fifteen their missionaries on furlough. One months than at the beginning. A great giver spends much thought as gifted missionary who looked forward .well as much money in arranging for to many years of service in the for- really restful vacation periods for worn eign field is now back in America, per- workers.

manently retired from the field on A Reception Without A Receiving medical certificate. This is his ex- Line.-A missionary family was in- planation of the shortening of his term vited to spend a furlough year in a of service and the blighting of his southern city. A house was secured hopes: for them and made ready by the wom- "While I was on furlough I en of the churches. On the dav of their preached twice or three times each arrival the pantry and store r~om were Sunday, and sandwiched addresses to well stocked and a good meal prepared.

Sunday-schools and Christian Endeav- When the train arrived the mission- or Societies in between; delivered ad- ary's tired little wife heaved one long dresses every night except Saturdays, apprehensive sigh. Her four children always at a different place; went to were completely worn out by the long churches in four conferences; had a se- cross-continent journey. She was sure vere attack of grippe which brought they were going to balk at being. dis- me very near death; while still sick played before the reception committee in bed my railroad a'nd steamer tick- and she mildly considered the wisdom ets were secured, and I was impor- of bribing them beforehand to promise tuned to go to the foreign field at the to say the Lord's prayer ill Japanese earliest possible moment to superin- on demand, without protest or com-

plaint. She would gladly have given sionary guests. It is the policy of some all she possessed at that moment to be of the girls' camps to entertain at least able to gather her cross and wearied one missionary as a camp guest, and little brood together at a quiet table, an increasingly large number of farfar from the critical eyes of a waiting seeing individuals are giving missionreception committee, and then to tuck aries such conference privileges as them safely into their own little beds their guests. without display. She braced herself for the ordeal and plead with the chil- A Typical Missionary Experience.- dTen to be good. When the automobile, HIn the midst of a strenuous series of which met them unloaded them at their conferences I received an invitation to own door, they were met by one wom- address a missionary mass meeting in an who gave them a greeting hearty a large city. The opportunity seemed enough to leave no doubt as to whether so great that I rearranged my schedule they were really welcome. so that I could accept that invitation. I made a long, hard journey to do so, "Dinner is all ready," she said, "and but the weariness of travel was all the house is as nearly like we thought gone when I walked to the platform you would want it as we could fix it. and faced that magnificent audience. All the other women would like to With all my heart I thanked the Lord have stayed to meet you but we knew for this chance of presenting the work you and the children would be worn to that great throng. There was a out so we told them to wait until to- little confusion and delay in getting morrow to meet you. I wi1l show you things started, but I had been told that where everything is and then you can I was the only speaker, so I was not have a good quiet evening all to your- especially concerned over the ten minselves." utes we lost at the start. Then a musical program was rendered. I The missionary's sigh of apprehen- looked cautiously but anxiously at my sion changed to one of fervent grati- watch as one number followed another. tude for the quiet peace of that even- At 9 :05 the musical program was coming alone, with such a thoughtfully pleted and I turned my thoughts to prepared reception by a vanished re- the great need of our field and prayed ception committee. for strength to present them with power. Then the chairman introduced Spiritual Stimulus.-All during the the chairman of a local committee who years on the field the missionary has had an announcement to make. That been giving out constantly of inspira- chairman took exactly eleven minutes tion and help. Scant chance has he of precious time with pleasantries prehad for study or for stimulating fel- ceding and following his announcelowship with other workers. Sur- ment. Again I prepared myself to rise, rounded always by the deadening in- just as a violin solo by an especially fluences of heathenism his own faith fine violinist, who chanced to be in has been sorely tired. He feels drained town, followed. With a hurried survey to the very dregs, yet he is expected to of what I could best leave out of the be the enthusiastic, irradiating, center many things I had hoped to say about of every meeting he attends. our mission, I listened to the last ling- ering notes of the violin. But not yet Every furlough should give the mis- was I to speak. sionary some opportunity for study at one of the many schools with courses "The chairman again arose to introplanned especially to meet this need duce the pastor and entrl1sted to him and an opportunity to attend some con- the task of introducing me. How I ferences from which he may get as well longed for every moment of that time as give spiritual stimulus. Individual for my messag-e! The burden of all gifts can make this possible when fur- tbat great waiting throng back there lough salaries are inadequate. A num- at the doors of my mission station in ber of summer conferences include in their plans the entertainment of mis-

BEST METHODS

India was on my heart. The pastor ed at the altars of our churches and spoke about the first beginnings of mis- as we kneel in our homes.' sionary activity, then very gradually led up to the operations of the present We may employ all other best meth- ._ day, and finally to me whom he was to ods for caring for our missionaries and introduce. At 9 :30 I arose to address rendering their work as effective as that great audience most of whom had possible, but powerless and fruitless confidently expected the meeting to ad- they must be unless above them all is journ at nine o'clock." prayer.

Above All Prayer Let those who are searching for the best of all methods pray fat: their mis- Whether on land or on sea, whether sionaries daily and specifically in their at the front or on furlough, the one own closets of prayer; let them band supreme· cry of the missionary to the together with them groups who shall church at home is "Pray for Us." make regular, earnest intercession; let them call special meetings for prayer Pantiita Ramabai voiced the plead- and enlist their churches in the limiting of every missionary when in less work of intercession. answer to the question "What message shall I take for you to the church at "Do you hear them pleading, pleading home? What are your greatest Not for money. comfort, power, needs ?" she said simply, "Tell them to 'pray for us. Prayer will meet all But that you, 0 Christian worker, our needs." Will but set aside an hour A great light shone in the eyes of Wherein they' will be remembered, another missionary as he spoke about Daily at the Throne of Grace, . the things that had put new courage into his work. "The one message that That the work which they are doing stands out above all others received In your life may have a place? while I was on the field was this one which came from one of our con- "Do you see them seeking, seeking ferences: For the gift of priceless worth 'You and your work are remember- That they count of more importance Than all other gifts of earth?

Not the gold from rich men's coffers, Nor relief from any care;- 'Tis a gift that you can give them,- 'Tis the Christian's daily prayer."

The Furloughed Missionary By MARY ELLIOT FITCH TOOKER, in Woman's Work.

Ah! the home land fields are bonny, and the woodlands lush and green, With the white birch and the fir-tree and the elm-they call their queen. I love them all and know not which one I love the best, For I'm at home on furlough and there's home within my breast!

I've longed to see the straight pine on the snowy mountain tops; I've longed to see the canyon, with its red and golden rocks: But what I've wanted most of all was to see my mother's face, And to sit with her at table in myoId accustomed place.

And when I go to God's house and sit among the rest, And sing, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee"-the tides surge in my breast. For there's not a flag beneath the skies so glorious as our own; There's not a country in the world like our dear, sweet home.

Ah, the Chinese streets are dirty, and the Chinese people queer; But after all, they're just like us, and the Master holds them dear. You ask if I am going back to face the guns again? Like soldiers nome on furlough, my only thought is when!

I'm going back to the trenches to get another shot. I fight beside my Captain-if I fall it matters not. So I'm going back to China, and over the seas I'll fare, My home is in the homeland, but my heart's out there.

Women's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-Mrs. H. R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Vice-President-Miss Alice M. Davison, 574 Madison Avenue, New' York, N. Y.

Secretary-Mrs. Fennell P. Turner, 75 Midland Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Treasurer-Mrs. De Witt Knox, 216 West Fifty-sixth Street, New York, N. Y.

COMMITTEES Methods of' Work-Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Richmond, Va. Summer Schools and Conferences-Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Student Work-Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Publications and Literature-Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children in Mission Fields-Miss Alice M. Kyle, Congregational House, Boston,' Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Mrs. William Fraser McDowell, 1509 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Field Representative-Mrs. Paul Raymond, 1370 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, Cal.

IN THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE and spoke informally anq tenderly' of these days when "missionary wom- "The Cost and the Reward of Being a en" are longing for more brown hair and new life in the monthly pro- Foreign Missionary"; Dr. J. C. R. gram meetings, and when all the Boards are longing for recruits for Ewing presented India and Educaforeign service, it is refreshing to attend such a conference as was held tional Work; Dr. W. J. Wanless treat- April 19, 20 and 21, in Montclair, N. }., under the auspices of the Volun- ed Medical Work; Dr. Robert P. teer Union of Greater New York. This Wilder, Evangelistic Work; Rev. S. was the second annual missionary Ralph Harlow, The Near East and gathering for the Christian students of Industrial Work. Latin America was New York to show them the signifi- illuminated by Mr. Chas. D. Hurrey, cance of the opportunity now facing Africa by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm. The conference opened Friday evening Christian missions and the importance with an address by Mrs. William Far- . of missions in the solution of our pres- mer on "Fundamental Factors in Life ent world problem. Work Decision," and closed on Sun- . The delegates numbered 120, and day evening with a stirring message brought an inspiring supply of youth- from Dr. Ewing on the "Immediacy of ful enthusiasm and earnest purpose. the Call to Mission Service." Vassar and Teachers' College had the largest delegations (30 and 32 respect- The most unique session was Satively)" and the other students were urday evening when three Oriental from Barnard, Columbia, Cornell Med- Christian students of marked ability ical College, Hunter, College of Physi- discussed the theme: "What Foreign cians and Surgeons, Union Theologi- Missions Mean to My Country." cal Seminary, Methodist Training School, and Bible Teachers' Training CONVENTIONS FOR WOMEN School. By Mrs. Paul Raymond, San' Francisco. The program was full of famous names and great topics. Dr. Harlan P. CONVENTIONS for women, Beach preached on the meaning of paralleling the familiar type of missions in international relationships, three-day conventions for men, suc- cessfully standardized by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, were made a tentative experiment in a few cities during the National Campaign of the Movement two years ago, and this year a deliberate part of its field was organized, or the existing one program on the Pacific Coast. strengthened and a uniform policy suggested, involving a united, syste- Ten of the smaller cities in Cali- matic membership campaign in womfornia, where the Movement had en's societies and a program of educanever before held conventions, but tion and effort in prayer and in the from which it was possible because of their location to touch practically the stewardship of .life and possessions.. life of the whole state, were chosen as centers for the fall campaign. In the series just concluded in Washington and Oregon, the principal centers of the Northwest have been similarly reached.

In California alone, nearly nine thousand regular delegates paid the registration fee, over five thousand of these being women, while several thousand more attended one or more sessions. The interest was intense and sustained, the practical character of the meetings noteworthy and their spiritual power inspiring.· In addition to the official team of men who divided their time and interest equally between. the meetings for men and women, a group of representatives of the various Vomen's Boards, both home and foreign, gave counsel and direction in the discussions of women's work.

In both men's and women's conven- tions, a plan of conservation and ex- MRS. PAUL RAYMOND tension was adopted, which, under the joint. guidance of the Pacific Coast NEW YEAR IN CHINA Committees of the Laymen's Mission- ary Movement and the Missionary [These extracts from 0 recent letter of . Education Movement and of the rep- Mrs. Stewart of Nanking describe a most interesting work for the wives of Chinese resentatives of women's work, aims officials. Some of you enjoyed knowing Mrs. Stewart (0 sister of Mrs. John R. to provide normal training in mission Mott, of Dr. W. W. White, and of Dr. !. study for men, women and young peo- Campbell White) at the Northfield and pie; followed by a mission study drive Wilson College Conferences last summer.

in all the churches of the community, -EDITOR.] for the promotion of missions in A CCORDING to the Chinese the Sunday-school, for the training' calendar, New Year comes this of canvassers for a thorough and uni- year on February 11th. This is the fied financial campaign in the whole busiest and the gayest time of the church and for a series of meetings year. Schools close for their long vaconducted by the Convention Commit- cation, all business is suspended, debts tees carrying. the spirit and program are paid, houses are cleaned, feasts of the conventions, with their plans are given, friends exchange calls, for united advance, into the leading parents are reverenced, ancestors centers of the convention territory. worshipped, the old kitchen gods are In all the convention cities, a feder- burned and new ones put up in their ation of women's missionary societies places. But best of all it is giving us

a breathing space, for while we may General for Defense in Nanking. have more going on in our home, we This Tai Tai is an exceptional one, for will have a rest from teaching. she neither plays cards nor gambles, and has plenty of time on her hands. It is four and a half months since She is most cordial and gracious and we landed in Nanking. During that seems to enjoy having us call. She is time the aggregate attendance in my the key to the situation among her Bible classes has been 1,060. I have class of ladies. also taught English classes at the Y. M. C. A. two afternoons a week. At At our last meeting one of the Tai the same time our home has been a Tais askedamissionary why it was that factor, which you will readily believe the American woman was so much when I tell you that in this time we more capable than the Chinese womhave had 115 guests to meals, and had an. The missionary seized the oppor- 267 in for tea in the afternoon. Vie tunity and told her that the American feel that our home is one of our big woman and the Chinese woman are assets, and I am sure it has been a exactly alike, that the only advantage help to some who were weary and the former has over the latter lies in needed rest; some who were in the the fact that she has the Gospel of dark groping for light, and some who Jesus Christ. This meeting was held were discouraged and needed to be the Friday before Christmas, and we cheered up…. were anxious to have the Christmas story in picture. We hunted Nanking I am planning to do less teaching over, and only after dark the night during the coming months,in order to before did we find that one friend had do some constructive work among the a lantern we could borrow, and an- Tai Tais of the city. A Tai Tai is the other had slides on the life of Christ wife of an official. The officials are that we borrowed. It was the first very mucJ:t interested in the Y. M. C. time some of them had ever heard the A., and have asked Mr. Stewart re- story, and it was an added pleasure to peatedly if something could not be us to have them hear it in our home. done for their wives. They are really Only a few days ago I met a young the neglected class. A few of us have man from the Naval College who was been caIling in their homes, and invit- converted by seeing these same picing them to ours, and we have been tures. We find it a most effective way sarprised and delighted with their re- to present the Gospel. sponse. We always invite some Christian Chinese women to come when SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS· they do, and at one of the meetings one of the Tai Tais invited one of "TO THE FORE" AGAIN them to teach her music, and she has been going to her home once or twice The Universal Motto :-For Christ a week ever since. She very tactfully and the W orId. introduced the subject of Christianity, and found the Tai Tai's mind a blank The Universal Aim for 1918:-Best with regard to the matter. But in- Programs, Best Text-books, Best Instead of meeting opposition, she was structors, Best Methods, Best Commet with an interest and an eagerness panionships, Best Recreation. to hear. She next presented her with a Bible, and each time she goes now Best Vacation:-To last all the year she finds the Tai Tai reading it. Later in its influence. she presented the husband with a Bible, and the Tai Tai was very The Pre-view:-It indicates a great pleased and said that they both want- season for "Study Classes," "Coned to read the Bible at once, and it ferences," "Search Lights," "X-Ray was not convenient to have only one Clinics," "Pageants," "Poster Concopy. The husband, by the way, is tests," "Flash Lights from the Bible," "Travelogues," "Curio Exhibits," "Stereopticon Pictures," "Literature Stimulants" and "Recreation" hikes, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 1918] athIetic sports, tennis, croquet, boat- and it is wise to purchase them early ing, swimming, etc., etc. and read them at once.

Practical Hints :-Study the dates of Miss Burton has given us a 'carefully Summer Schools of Missions: Select prepared, valuable and readable mes- one or more that best suit your vaca- sage. Her travels and research bring tion plans. Heavily underscore the us face to face with the industrial prob- same on your library "Wall Calen- lem as it affects onr Oriental sister.

dar." Call the attention of your spe- With her we shall visit China, India, cial friends to your plan, and inspire Japan and Moslem lands. Following them to accompany you. 'her excellent outlines, and suggestive Query:-Was there ever a year in questions we can plan most interesting your life that you needed this helpful program meetings.

diversion more than the present one? "The best vacation is one which has INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP a definite purpose, and which sends one THE World Alliance' for promoting back to the work of the year with international friendship through broadened vision and renewed vigor." the churches is carrying on a valuable Wanted-Notices of Summer Schools of campaign of education as to the moral aims of the war, and the responsibility Missions and Conferences, with places, of Christians everywhere to provide dates, names of leaders and instructors, an antidote for pernicious doctrines.. samples of programs, advertising bulletins, etc., and reports of same at close of the Schools sent promptly to Mrs. Mary Clokey . Internationalism – the Christian Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, North Church contains many members of all denominations who scarcely know how Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., chairman of Summer to spell the word. There is a vague School Committee of Federation of Women's Boards of Missions.

Mission Summer Schools and Con- suspicion that our relations with for- ferences–for 1918 eign nations are not entirely Christian, but only the inner circle of those in- [The following dates should be ad- terested in the tremendously imporded to the list published in the May tant foreig-n mission enterprises know REVIEW.] how much need there is of discussion Chambersburg, Pa., June 27-July 3. of topics pertaining to international Northfield, Mass., July 9-17. friendship.

Montreat, N. C., July 14-21. Nationalism has been the ruin of Princeton, N. J., July 20-28. Germany; unrighteous attempts at Tarkio, Mo., July 26-Aug. 4. democracy have made chaos in Rus- Lakeside, 0., July 25-28. sia; and Dr. R. A. Cram makes us New Wilmington, Pa., Aug. 9-18.

Sterling, Kans., Aug. 16-25. dread the possibility of "a victory in Xenia, 0., Aug. 10-18. the field for the allies that is followed Monmouth, III., July 19-28. by no attainment of a new vision." Wooster, 0., July 27-Aug. 3. (Mrs.) Mary Clokey Porter, Chairman, Face the facts presented in Doctor Summer School Committee of Fed- Gulick's stirring, prophet-like address eration of Women's Foreign Mission at Garden City Conference. You can read it in the April copy of the MIS- Boards.

OUR NEW STUDY BOOKS SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Go IN THE Central Committee report to the summer schools of foreign mis- (page 298, April REVIEW) the gen- sions at Northfield or Chambersburg eral topic for the year, "The Message and enter a discussion class on this of Christianity to an Industrial Age," topic. Arouse your church to join the and the books, "Women Workers of World Alliance and to become a vital the Orient," by Miss Margaret E. Bur- factor in the Christianization of our ton, and "Jack and Janet in the Philip- international treaties. And adrvocate pines," by Mrs. Norma Waterbury world missions and 'Xorld friendship Thomas, are mentioned. These books as most powerful influences in the re- will be studied at the Summer Schools, construction' of our new era.

News Of War

MANY CHURCH ARMY HUTS LOST the battle-swept areas. This one socie- THE Church Army's place as a hut ty alone has distributed more than 7,- provider in the very closest proxim- 000,000 Scriptures among those in- volved in the great struggle, and the ity to the front trenches has been prov- Bible House still remains open at Bered by the loss of fifty-two of its recrea- lin, Vienna, Budapest, and even Contion huts, tents and centers in the German advance, and the almost certain stantinople. loss of five others, under heavy shell- Men face to face with death are ing at the time of information. This loss includes all the stores and equip- searching the Scriptures for realities ment. The staffs of these huts and as never before. Between 800,000 and tents are safe so far as is known, with 900,000 Jews are among the fighting the exception of those who stayed be- forces-two-thirds of these being with hind to help the stretcher-bearers. the Allies, and thousands of these men, free from the restricting influences of the synagogue and ghetto, are tead- WHAT THE SOLDIERS READ ing the New Testament for the first THE quality of the reading distribu- time. DR. MOTT IN ITALY ted at the army camps in America THE Young Men's Christian Asso- .ciation has recently established huts is indicated by the· report made by Robert E. Speer, of the literature com": and welfare work in the Italian camps and battle line. To investigate and mittee of the War Work Council of promote this work, Dr. John R. Mott the Young Men's Christian Associa- and Dr. Charles R. Watson have been visiting the Italian front. King Viction. Prior to January 11 there were tor Emmanuel received Dr. Mott at distributed free more than 265,000 his headquarters and. the Duke of New Testaments; 39,S76 Who Is Jesus Aosta. entertained the American party at headquarters. Christ? by Charles R. Brown; 56,216 'The meetings gave Dr. Mott an op- Beloved Captain, by Hankey; 32,472 Character of Jesus, by Bushnell; 44,- portunity to explain·American co-oper- 4S0 Christian Witness in War, by Bos- ation- in the Italian Case del Soldato, worth; 40;428 How to Know the Will which corresponds to the "huts" in the of God, by Drummond; 42,207 Second British and American armies in· Mile, by Fosdick; 39,208 Fight for Character, by King; 9,403 For France France. The work has been proceedand the Faith, by Casalis; 29,746 Prac- ing favorably under the direction of tice of the Presence of God, by Lawrence. Five hundred sets of the books recommended by the Young Men's John S. Nollen, President of Lake Christian Association committee were Forest University, with a staff of thir- distributed, 300 sets in the camps here ty Americans, which soon will be in- and 100 sets abroad. creased to 200.

Thousands of footballs and other BIBLE VERSIONS FOR THE WAR American games have been purchased DR. J. H. RITSON, of the British for the soldiers. The Y. M. C. A. has and Foreign Bible Society, states also established libraries, invested in that the actual combatants and labor musical instruments, and is directing battalions on the field of war speak physical training on a large scale. An- at least seventy-two languages. The other important branch is the establish- Society was ready with versions of the ment of courses in hospitals and con- Scriptures in all these tongues. It is valescent homes for instruction in cor- a remarkable fact that no Government, rective gymnastics.

friendly or hostile, has deliberately put Tools and implements are being sup- hindrances in the way of replenishing plied for the training of wounded sol- and maintaining stocks of Scriptures diers in woodworking and other useful for the sailors, soldiers or civilians in manual trades. VSOLDIERS TEACH BIBLE CLASSES ing room to all women who are doing ISITORS to every army camp tes- war work. Among the guests of the tify to the efficiency of the Y. M. house are canteen workers, office em- C. A. in organizing Bible classes ployees and nurses.

M among soldiers. "I recently had the A Y. M. C. A. PARTY TORPEDOED pleasure," writes John Talmadge Ber- R. ARTHUR E. HUNGERgen in The Continent, "of spending FORD, and a party of fiftysome days at Camp Lewis, where N. F. Coleman is in charge of the re- seven Army Y. M. C. A. workers were _.on the British India Navigation Comligious work. pany's steamship, Orissa, when it was The usual method is to address the torpedoed on April 28. All the pasmen as soon as the evening meal is sengers and all except three of the finished. The Bible study plan is pre- crew were saved. Destroyers which sented and opportunity taken to secure were sent to the rescue picked them the signatures of men who care to up within half 'an hour and landed join the classes. They are told that them at a British port after a five the final object of the drive is to bring hours' trip. Upon their arrival in Lonthem to a saving knowledge of Jesus don they were taken in charge by the Christ. Men from all walks of civil life American Y. M. C. A. and the Red and of a great diversity of education . Cross. Although the vessel sank in . and social position at home unite in twelve minutes. after being struck, these classes. there was no panic, and the men were able to get off the ship in an orderly There are 8,000 lined up in the manner. Bible study drive at Camp Lewis and ready for class organization. Eighty The Orissa left an Atlantic port on classes are already ip operation from a April 12, with about two hundred and previous effort, fifty persons on board.

In the 362nd Infantry there are . twelve classes in active Bible study. MANY MORE CHAPLAINS Eight teachers, all from the ranks, THE new legislation, recently have charge of these classes. passed by Congress, at the request THE WOMEN AT THE FRONT of General Pershing, increases the ratio of chaplains in the Army to one "AMERICAN Hostess House"- for every 1,200 officers and men. The the second house in France to law which this bill amends had pro- bear this sign, is now in operation at vided for one chaplain to every regi- Tours. The first was the Hotel Pet- ment, but in May, 1917, the number rograd in Paris. of men in an infantry regiment was With the opening of the house at increased from 1,200 to 3,600. Tours, work is being carried on by the At the beginning of the war there War Work Council of the Y. W. C. A. in five cities in France-Paris, Tours, were sixty-seven chaplains in the St. Etienne, Bourges, and Lyons. Be- Army. At the present time there are sides these, Y. W. C. A. secretaries are 666, of whom 199 are Roman Catholic in charge of the social rooms for chaplains, 457 are Protestants and ten nurses in the Red Cross huts at Ameri- are of other groups. The new law can base hospitals. will permit the appointment of an ad- ditional 800. Here is the opportunity of the Church. If the Church will Regarding the opening of the Host- give them the backing they need in ess House at Tours, Miss Mabel C. personal interest, moral and spiritual Little writes: "All our rooms are tak- support, and additional equipment, the en and we could fill several more ministry of the Church to the young houses of the same size with Ameri- men of the Army will be of incalcula- can women. We have opened the din- ble result.

fROM l1fANY 1ANJD)S

SIAM AND MALAYSIA Laos Ready to Listen Opium in Siam THE people of Northern Siam are T HERE is an increasing need for expectinga Saviour to come to them anti-opium legislation in Siam-as and are therefore all the more ready to listen to the missionary message. is remarked by a Siamese writer in When Dr. Claude W. Mason went the White Elephant: . on an exploring expedition to find a During the year 1916-17 the value site for a residence at the new station of Chieng Rung, he pitched his tent of opium imported into Bangkok was under a tree, reported by the natives Ticals 2,772,024-(a Tical is equiva- to be the abode of an evil spirit. The lent to 37 cents). The following letter concerning the opium traffic, written fad that the spirit did not hurt the white man helped to dispel the' fear by a Chinese, appeared a short time ago in the Bangkok Times: "Sir:-In your leader of the 11th which the people had of him. Dr. Mason says.: inst. you stated that after the war the "We were especially guided here at opium question will be tackled. I need not refer at any length to the injury the Governor's birthday, when princes done by opium to the unfortunate Chinese, who are the principal consumers from all over the provinces have come all the world over. I and many others in to celebrate. Consequently we have will be very pleased and thankful to reached people from every district of the local Government if females are our new field. Many have called at the not allowed on the smoking premises, tent to see the wonderful sight of a either as 'maids' or perhaps as em- white man who can talk their lan- guage."

bellishments to the already brilliant MAgainst the Law in Borneo dens well illuminated with the numer- ANY a worker on the mission ous tiny opium lamps. In Singapore, field has had to remember the the British Government is doing its injunction to be "wise as serpents." utmost to close down shops that break Such a one was a certain Methodist the law. missionary who had been engaged to teach English in a Chinese school in "I hope the Siamese Government Borneo. His contract forbade his readwill fram~ a law for the earlier clos- ing the Bible in the classroom. More ing of the shops and forbidding of than that, he was told he could hold no girls on the premises, as a preliminary relig-ious services outside of school. to the abolition of opium smoking after the war." "What do you consider a religious APicturesque Definitions service?" he asked a high government officia1.

CERTAIN Siamese teacher is re- "Standing up in a house or under membered by a former mission- any roof with an audience of ten or ary chiefly because of his unique defi- more people," he was told.

nitions of English words. Some of "Thank you," he said and departed.

these are the following: That night he held a meeting. He Kick-A verb of the foot. gathered his band about him. Then he Hop-A verb of the frog. sat down on the floor.

Liar-A bad adjective for boy. For eighteen months he conducted Flattery-A good kind of curse services in this fashion, seated always word. on the floor with the Bible in his lap.

Wig-Hypocrite hair. At the end of that time, the g-overn- Bullet-Son of a gun. ment relented. Missionaries now stand Whiskey-Sin water. up and preach anywhere. Interest Among Javanese Moslems time to Red Cross work; hundreds AMONG the Moslems in Java there have started and maintained sewing is reported to be an increased in- meetings for medical or war purterest in the Gospel. A missionary in the town of Solo writes: poses. Missionaries have lectured on "Everywhere we find open doors. war themes in most of the principal Last year we baptized 65 adults and children. This year the number up till languages of the country; they have now is 48. We have Communion services four times a year, and baptisms as provided entertainments for the a rule just before. That means that there will be two more occasions for wounded; they have shown hospitalbaptism of adults this year. ity to soldiers from all lands. The "The trouble now is, that the cost of our station, because of its success, is Indian Sunday School Union has rapidly increasing. Also, as there is an increasing need of Dutch schools raised Rs 25,000 for the Belgian Chilfor the Javanese, we are opening as quickly as possible a number of dren's Relief Fund. Besides the help schools here, some for boarders, as the missionary influence in a boarding given in these and other ways there school is so much more effective. have been the magnificent efforts of "Mohammedan propaganda is increasing here. Two Moslems from the Y. M. C. A. in its war work de- British India came to us recently for a Malay-English New Testament, as partment." ' they wanted to learn the Malay language. They were acquainted with Bi- Theosophists' Idols ble stories, and told me that they did not consider the people here Moham- WHEN Kenneth]. Saunders of the medans." Y. M. C. A. of India visited the INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON headttuarters of the Theosophical So- ciety in India at Adyar, he found there Indian Missions in the War a beautiful shady room in which the central object is a shrine containing "THE help which Indian missions colossal marble figures of Madame has given to the Allies is greater Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott, the lat- ter in an American frock coat. He than is commonly supposed," says the says: "These people are the central' C. M. S. Review. "Hundreds of In- objects of worship; before them is a dian Christians have joined the labor vast copper vessel upon which the sacorps, and ten or fifteen missionaries cred lotus floats, and above them burns are "', [h them as' supervisors or assis- a dim lamp. Round about them are tant commandants. Much of the re- the lesser figures of the world's other cruiting of Indian Christian labor has prophets-Confucius, Gautama, Mobeen through mission agency. Many hammed and Christ. Above them is a Indian Christians, chiefly from the frieze in which the Cross, the Crescent Punjab, have enlisted in the army. No and the lingam stand side by side and fewer than a hundred missionaries are over the doorway is the motto, 'There engaged on active service as soldiers, is no religion higher than truth.' " chaplains, doctors, or nurses. and many other doctors and nurses have ABoy Scouts for India offered themselves to the Government MERICAN boys are not the only for local service, thus enabling others ones benefited by membership to go to the front. Missionary insti- in the Boy Scouts. The boys of India tutions have aided war funds liberal- need physical and moral discipline and ly. Women missionaries have given development such as Scout work brings.

Plans are under way to introduce the Scout Movement into India. The Marathi Mission of the American Board has taken the lead in the Bom- bay Presidency by the appointment of a council which will endeavor to do within its area what the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America

does in this country. The Council of leges, and the lower house of 401 the Mission is proposing to organize a members, one for every million of training sLhool for Indian scout mas- population. The Peking Daily News ters. The Y. M. C. A. of India, which says: is also awake to the value of this or- "The adoption of the revised provis- ganization to the boys, is in cordial ional constitution and the issue of co-operation with the Mission, and presidential mandates fixing the dates indeed has offered to one of its mis- for the elections to the two houses of sionaries, Mr. L. Henry Gates, the parliament clearly indicate that with- position of organizer of Boy Scouts in a very short time the country will for the Bombay Presidency.-The have a new legislature. Not only will Congregationalist. it be new in membership, but it will Self-Support or God's Support? be only a little more than half that of the unwieldy body twice sent about THE INDIAN WITNESS quotes, its business, and the basis of the fran- as "worthy of trial anywhere," the chise on which it is to be elected will be experience of Rev. George N. Thoms- slightly different. The old bodies un- . doubtedly w~re too large for the effectsen, who says: "After forty-five years of experience ive transaction of business, and the re- in India, I hate that expression 'Self- sult was that they actually transacted support.' It makes people self-ish. I an irreducible minimum of business.

have a church of 700 members. From The late parliament was too radica.l to the very beginning we chose the 50th be a safe body. The new body will not Psalm, with emphasis on sacrifice and have quite the same powers in the praise. I have learned that the way to drafting of the constitution as the old get money is by thank-offerings. Every body had, and this is a gain. It is al- Sunday after the usual collection we most without precedent for the legis- give an opportunity for thank-offer- lature to be entrusted with the draft- ings.. It is pathetic to see the people ing of the constitution."

bring their thank-offerings and hear Earthquake Damage at Swatow T them tell why they are thankful. HE disastrous earthquake,. whi~h "We have also a criminal settlement.

Those people come every Sunday and occurred at Swatow, Chma, m one will lay down his thank-offering March, involved a property loss to the and say, '0 Lord, we have been free American Baptist Foreign Mission So- and every policeman could catch us. ciety amounting to about $60,000. Of Now we are safe here, and we thank this amount, approximately $27,000 is Thee for it: and leave his gift. needed to replace three mission resi- "Since 1899, in our last station, we dences which have apparently been to- have had no preacher or teacher who tally destroyed. The missionaries rec- has received a salary from the Mis- ommend, upon advice of an arcHtect, sion. How has it all been accomplish- that these ought to be constructed of ed? We have laid the emphasis on reenforced concrete in order to pro- God's support, not self-support. That vide additional security.

is faith." Here is an unforeseen emergency in CHINA the work, a critical need for which no The New Parliament provision has been made in the cur- rent budget.

CHINA'S new parliament, to be convened June 10, will consist of Foochow College Stirred S two houses, the upper house to be EEKING to prepare the way for Sherwood Eddy's campaign in composed of 168 members, 30 of whom are to be elected by the differ- China, a number of American ent national organizations and the oth- preachers and educators visited vari- er 138 by the provincial electoral col- ous cities, holding meetings which

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have been productive of encouraging nese teacher, twelve workmen, and results. President Beard, of Foochow over 150 Christians who pledged them- College, tells of the visit there of Pro- selves to more earnest service.

fessor Buchman, of Hartford Theolog- As a result, every student in the ical Seminary and his two compan- College, above freshman year, is a ions. He says: "There was no large Christian. Many of them have al- meeting. All the work was of a quiet, ready suffered persecution and others personal nature. But it was' deep and are ready to "endure hardness as good searching and it brought men bce to soldiers of Jesus Christ." The con- face with themselves and: with Jesus. verts are joining various churches, There have been many confessions by personal work is being continued, and: both teachers and students. Conver- the Christians are being enlisted for sions followed. In the graduating various fonus of service. This has class nine men, who had not joined been a great year for Canton Chris- the church, all asked admission to tian College.

A the church on the first Sunday in J an-Morphine Trade Stopped uary. The Sunday previous they each spoke in the Christian Endeavor meet- TTENTION has been called in ings and told why they had decided to the REVIEW to the way in which confess Christ pUblicly. both opium and morphine were being "In the classrooms there have been shipped into China through Japan.

many confessions, and many hard Now it is reported that the British feelings have been put aside. In one Government has taken steps to prevent classroom, instead of the regular reci- the introduction of morphine into Chi- tation, there was confession of wrong na by re-export from Japan. The di- done. That resulted in one of the stu- rector of the War Trade Department dents, who for three years had refused gives notice that applications for li- to believe in God, saying: 'I am con- censes to export morphia or cocaine vinced that Christianity is true. I am from Great Britain to Japan cannot be going to be a Christian.' His manner considered unless they are accompan- and his happy face showed that peace ied by certificates obtained from the had come to him when I met him a few Japanese Home Office or from the Jap- days after." anese authorities of the Kwangtung Sherwood Eddy at Canton leased territories, that the morphia or cocaine is for actual consumption in I N February Dr. George Sherwood Japan or in Dairen and its vicinity, Edd) again visited Canton and and is for medical purposes only.

held special services in the College In Spite of Brigands with remarkable results. Preparation was made during several months, and THE Kochau field of the South included a visit from Mr. Buchman, China Mission of the Presbyterian and prayer meetings by faculty and Church has seen a year of unrest, ow- students. A spirit of expectancy was ing to organized brigandage which aroused, and when Dr. Eddy came on has been rampant. Business in many February 27th, the students were places has been reduced to small local ready. By means of large charts the dealings as the transportation of speaker showed China as it is and as goods is unsafe. Traveling is done it may be, impressing the need of only in small companies or with a Christian ideals, and the power of guard.

Christ in the life. When he appealed The direct effect of this on mission for a decision on the qU,estion, "What work has been great difficulty of trav- shall I do with Jesus," 250 in the audi- el for both the missionary and the Chi- ence arose to express their decision or nese Christians. "We ourselves,"

reconsecration. This number included writes Rev. Charles H. Patton, "have 88 boys and five girl students, a Chi- been unhindered, though at times

seemingly in peril. For our members Robbers Being Refonned and inquirers it has been much more L INCHOW, CHINA, is richer by difficult. They dare not leave their having six hundred fewer robbers homes unguarded and any travel is to report. At the invitation of the properilous. In spite of it alI, however, vincial government they came from all one group at its own initiative held a over the province to begin life anew. week of special meetings, three ses- Some of them could not resist the sions daily, for Bible study and work temptation of one last fling when the conferences. One other group hearing opportunity presented itself, and as a of this has asked for workers to come result several scores of people are the and assist them in a similar week. poorer. They have been given a free Three groups are also raising funds pardon and those bearing guns were for the purchase of buildings for enlisted as soldiers. This plan of parchapels. Another celebrated the com- don was tried before in the early days pletion of remodeling its ,chapel by of the republic, but the pull of the old three days of meetings which were wild life proved too strong, and the robbers went off on little adventures, crowded and attended by alI the local until, when the government put out a gentry and officials. The work cost the restraining hand, they rose in insurrec- Mission nothing save indirect assist- tion. In consequence the whole counance."

tryside suffered from three years of The Insane in North China terror, nevertheless the government is "THE need of an institution for the willing to give them another trial at a insane in North China can less adventurous life. There are more than a' dozen ex-robbers in the Linscarcely be overestimated," says Dr. chow church now, and at the invita- James H. Ingram, of the North China tion of the local magistrate preaching Union Medical College in Peking. "At has begun in the Linchow prison.- present the insane are cared for by The Continent. their families. No allowance is made for the diseased condition of the mind. JAPAN-CHOSEN They are regarded as accountable for A Meeting of One Plus their actions, and are jeered at, scolded, tied up, starved and tortured. AJAPANESE Christian, of whom a According to modern theories of the certain missionary tells, probably treatment of this class of patients, never heard the expression, "One and such treatment only increases the mal- God are a majority," but he had some ady and hastens mental deterioration. ideas of his own when it came to I knew of one man who was violently making out a report of the work which insane. His mother hired ruffians to has been begun in his village. The break a leg and an arm of her son, in missionary, after a tour in the counorder that he might not be able to ter- try, writes of this village, Mivato: rorize the neighborhood. The poor "From October 11th, when the wretch's sufferings were so great that Branch was organized, until the end he managed to commit suicide. of the year, they held nine meetings, "The only institution in China run with an average attendance of four.

on modern principles for the care of I must tell you of the first meeting.

the insane is in Canton. This institu- We had organized on a week day, and tion is overcrowded and is 1,500 miles the members had promised faithfully distant from Peking. The place in to rpeet every Sunday, but it seems Peking sometimes calIed an asylum for that, with one exception, they had not the insane is nothing more nor less got it clearly in their heads that they than a prison where the insane are were to begin the very next Sunday.

confined, and put in chains when nec- At the appointed time the young man essary."-Missionary Herald. referred to, whose name is Kira Hat-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sumi, went to the place of meeting, but gratitude." So says Baron Yun Chi no one else came. He was intensely Ho, the distinguished Korean Chrisinterested in the success of this work, tian. He goes on to give his ideas of and it evidently cost him a struggle to the sort of education which Korean reconcile himself to this disappoint- girls need; ment, but he did not forget the rule that there must be a prompt report of "The Korean girls who are being every meeting. He sent one in, and educated in mission schools are to live it contained this item: 'Members pres- and work in Korean homes, many of ent: The Father, the Son, the Holy them in poor homes. So to educate Ghost, Kira Hatsumi, and the Devi1.' " them as to make them unsuitable to a Korean home would be a great mis- Y. M. C. A. in Japan and Korea take. For instance, to prepare food and to make dresses have been the ex- THE Tokyo Y. M. C. A. has been clusive province of the Korean woman. pioneering in the industrial field The inability or unwillingness of a newly educated girl to take up these under the leadership of Secretary duties does more than anyone thing to Merle Davis and his colleague Ara- prejudice the Koreans against female kawa (who studied sociology in New edu{:ation. It is my firm belief that it York University). So convincingly is more useful for a Korean girl to have they set forth the need of Chris- learn to cook and sew well than to tian work in this neglected third of play on a piano. By all means emphathe capital that two missionary socie- size domestic science in the curricuties have already decided to open work lum Cultivate the taste for flowers among them, and the Association di- and pictures, rather than waste time rectors and a group of Christian manu- in dabbling in astronomy and botany" facturers have shown remarkable keenness of desire for Association ex- Drafting Pastors for Missionary Work tension work among these artisans. T HE foreign missionary work con- For years the Seoul Korean Asso- ducted by the Korean Church in ciation has been unique in its indus- Shantung, China, was recently in trial department and its crowded relig- great need of workers. The matter was ious meetings gnder the leadership of presented to the Korean General Asthat young-hearted veteran, Yi Sang sembly, and the foreign mission board Jey. The Hon. Yun Chi Ho, as gen- searched and prayed for the men to eral secretary, has· effected long-de- recommend to the Assembly. They sired reforms. Even if he were not of might have called for volunteers, but noble lineage, he would deserve to be the Korean Church drafts its missioncalled a prince of a secretary. The ooys' aries. Every drafted man has gone division, founded only a year ago, thus far. leaped at once to a membership of 550, which it has maintained. A Korean The hoard finally came in before the secretary, oorn to work with boys, has Assembly with the name of the pastor carried the details of the work. Gvm- of the First Church in Taiku City, Rev. nasium classes enrolled 800 and had a S. H. Hong. They chose one of the weekly· attendance of over 1,400, big, well-known men-a man the whole among them Japanese and missionar- church of Korea would trust and love. ies, as well as Koreans of all ages from twelve to fifty.-Foreign Mail. Liked within and without the church drc1es, gradually he has grown in in- What Korean Girls Need fluence and authority in the Korean General Assembly, in which he has "I F the Christian missionaries had held important offices year after year. accomplished nothing else in Korea, the introduction of female edu- In Taiku, consternation reigned for cation alone deserves our lasting a time but all gave in happily at the last. Presbytery and the session of

First Church gave their consent, and December 31, 1916, the total church Pastor Hong soon started on his way membership in the United States in- as a missionary to China. creased twenty per cent, from 35,068,- 058 to 42,044,374; the number of Lepers Much at Peace churches 7.4 per cent, from 212,230 to WHEN W. M. Danner, American 228,007 ; the number of ministers, 16.3 per cent, from 164,830 to 191,722; the se~r.etary of the Mission to Lep- number of Sunday-school scholars, 34.1 per cent, from 15,337,811 to 20,- ers, vIsited the Leper Asylum at 569,831; the number of Sunday-school Kwangju, Korea, he saw 200 lepers, officers and teachers, 17.4 per cent, from 1,746,074 to 2,049,293. These all well clothed, clean and looking hap- facts are reported by the Census Bu- reau's recent inquiry relating to reIigpy and contented. At a service held i~u.s bodies, compiled under the super- VISIOn of Mr. William C. Hunt chief during his stay, seventeen outcast beg- statistician for population. '

gar lepers appeared! begging to be The distance American Christians are removed from church union is taken in. The Christian lepers plead- shown by the fact that the total num- ber of denominations covered by the ~d that they might be received, offer- statistics was 201, an increase of 13 mg to share their own food and cloth- over !he number reported for 1906, droppmg out of 16 small denominaing with them. Mr. Danner says: tions, and adding of 29 small denomi- nations, some of which have come into "Here was the crisis hour in the lives existence since 1906. . All religious denominations in of these seventeen persons. To be re- America include only one-half of the fused admission meant to each of them population in their membership, and' of these 15,742,262, or 37.4 per cent are months or years of weary, painful, out- Roman Catholics, and 61 per cent. or 25,691,774 are Protestants. It is worth cast beggary. To be received would while to notice the non-Christian sects mean food, care, companionship, love, that are growing up in America, 359,· and home, and, above all, a knowledge ?98 are Jewish men, which probably mclude 2,000,000 Hebrews and their of God. Who could refuse such an ap- families. Roman Catholics include chil- dren in their figures, while Protespeal? tants enumerate only communicants.

"The next day we again visited the Asylum and, on looking over the con- gregation, failed to recognize the out- cast friends of yesterday. Their white garb and cheerful faces were in marked contrast to their condition of the previous day. On being asked if they were in comfort they replied, 'We are very much at peace.''' All of the ~OO lepers in the Asylum are Chris- tians. save the newest tchoemseerss~veanntdeeint is wholly probable that persons will become Christians also.

NORTH AMERICA Among the other non-Christian Growth of American Churches sects reported are Mormons, 462,332. Buddhists have not reported since 1906 M:)RE accurate than Dr. H. K. Car. when they claimed 3,1,65 members, and roll's statistics are those of the 24 temples. Evidently there is work to be done in America before it can U. S. Bureau of Statistics. So that claim to be a Christian land. These rewhile church growth does not always cent statistics are more complete than mean Christian growth, and statistics those published in the May REVIEW. do not always indicate life, it is important that we have accuracy so far I as possible. A Southern Methodist Program The progress in the church member- N harmony with the recent action ~hip of America in the past ten years of the CNhourrtchherSnouMthethhaosdisatds~ptthede IS encouraging, if not satisfying. . Methodist During the ten-year period ended a world program, and assumed a budg-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

et of $35,000,000 in order to carry it During the past year, 21,847 persons out. Commenting on this, the Centen- were placed on probation by courts of ary Bulletin, which is issued by the New York State, an increase of 13 Methodists of the North, says: per cent. over 1916.

"The Centenary W orId Program has The commission recommends the been too big from the beginning to employment of efficient, salaried pro- leave conspicuous place for personali- bation officers, men and women, ap- ties. Likewise the conception and the pointed under civil service in every world need which we face are too big city and county of the State.

for any sectarian spirit. We do not have before us two Methodist pro- "God's Language" grams but a WorId Program. The common Centenary of our missionary THE native name for the new Nav-. aha Bible is God Bizad, God's work becomes not an opportunity for denominational self-glorification, but Language. Surely no greater service for the framing of a new and more than this work of translation could comprehensive program of conquest have been done for the Navaho people, for Christ which will make the next who number over 30,000, and whose hundred years even more worthy of 93 per cent. of illiteracy makes their country "the darkest spot in the Unit-:- celebration than the last." "If this program takes shape," said ed States." Dr. JQhn R. Mott at the conclusion of The Rev. Herman Frijling, mishis great address before the Board of sionary of the Christian Reformed Foreign Missions last November, Church located at Fort Defiance, Ariz., "mark my word, it will bring new now among the Zuni Indians, was the life to Methodism. We need some- pioneer in reducing the language to thing which will stir our latent capaci- writing in 1905. ties' for sacrifice, heroism, adventure, Rev. F. G. Mitchell, of Tolchaco, leadership and cooperation within our Ariz., one of the present translators, great communion; that will lead us writes: to join more closely to other Christian "The Navaho young people in the bodies as this program evolves; above Training School at Tolchaco, Ariz., all, that will lead us to seek His Face were very happy indeed when the beautifully printed Scriptures in their and be found in Him." own language came from the Amer- The War and Juvenile Delinquency ican Bible Society, and the mission- aries at the various stations are ex- SINCE the early days of the war, re- ceedingly grateful for this much-need- ports have come from various bel- ed help for which they have waited so lang." ligerent countries of fne increase of delinquency among the young. Now the United States is beginning to see LATIN AMERICA similar consequences of the war. The A Doctor in Mexico annual report of the Probation Commission for 1917, which was presented SINGLE-HANDED as a doctor and to the N ew York State Legislature with very little help from his in April, shows the need, not only for church Dr. Salmans, who has been probation officers, but for the protec- working as a medical missionary for tive work on which the Young Wom- twenty-five years ,in Guanajuato, Mex- en's Christian Association has laid ico, has built up a large hospital and such stress in its war activities. won the confidence of the people. In, The commission points out the need the summer of 1916 he broke down for extended supervision of amuse- from overwork, and for six months ments, and the prevention of the pro- was recuperating in California. In miscuous meeting of young girls and January, 1917, he returned to Guana- soldiers. juata. He found the popUlation de-

C cimated in a way that is almost impos- Delivered From Image Worship sible to believe. "Of our accustomed ~ popUlation of 97,000, we found there O NE of the recent converts of the and alive only ab<>ut 10,000. Many Guatemala mission is an old had emigrated to other parts on the woman, who all her life has worship- closing of the mines and other large ped images. enterprises, but a much larger num- ber had succumbed to the terrible ty- A faithful Bible woman gave some- phus, famine and other causes, it being thing of her experience both as an probable that a larger proportion of image worshipper, and in her life as those who fled perished than of those a Christian, and taught the aged who remained in the city. woman how to pray direct to God. Praying directly to the Heavenly "God has made tender the hearts Father in the name of Christ was a • of the Guanajuatensians, so that we new and wonderful experience. Car- find them more accessible to the gospel rying all her troubles, which were invitations than ever before. We have many, directly to God soon brou~ht more children and youth matriculated joy and peace. When the BIble in our schools than ever, and more woman again entered that home, she people are seeking baptism and ad- was met by the wife and! mother, mission to membership in the Church whose face was beaming with a new than ever in former times. The de- joy. She was hungry for more Bible mands for our medical services have study, and has been growing rapidly also been insistent as never before." in her Christian life. -Medical Missions. Prospect in Paraguay A Dispensary in Vera Cruz T HE section of unevangelized ter- T HE opening of Presbyterian med- ritory in South America allotte? to ical missionary work in Vera Cruz was due to the enterprise of the Disciples in the interdenomma- the Mexican pastor, Rev. Jose Coffin. He first interested a young druggist tional agreement which grew out of and then the Christian Endeavor So- ciety of the church. The dispensary the Panama Congress, comprises Par- was begun in the church building with a big bottle of quinine and great aguay and the three adjacent Argent- faith. Through the kindness of the Superintendent of a big oil company, ine provinces of Entre Rios, Coo:- a building site was secured and a new building was erected, for which the rientes and Misiones. Parag-uay IS people gave largely of their time and labor, as well as of money. Thirty at present a great undeveloped terri- firms and drug stores contributed to the cause and the dispensary was tOry with unlimited natural wealth ready for work and reports. 721 -pa- tients treated in a period of about six and boundless future possibilities. months. Only two drug stores re- fused to contribute, but the labor and Since it is nearly as large as Spain material contributed amounted to $3,- and has a much richer soil with 500 and the lot, building and equip- scarcely any waste land. it bids fair ment are valued at $10,000, Mexican, within the next few decades to be- all free. Four Mexican physicians come the home of many millions of give their services and the patients peoole. represent many nationalities, ranging from four years of age to over eighty. But it is also a country of great des- promisin~ ftiietuldtiofno~ such as make,; it a missionary effort. The uni- versity has but one college, the col- lef!e of law. Out of a national popu- lation of nearly 1.000.000. there are only 288 teachers in training. Some of these must take the place of those now engaged in teachinfT. The illiter- acy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty.

In the rural districts it is much worse.

Out of a school population of nearly

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

250,000 only 80,142 go to school. In ultimately it is a moral world, and that 1916 there were thirty-eight schools a nation that deliberately thinks that less than the year before. In the whole men and munitions are the only things country there are only 477 schools for that matter will never win the war. boys and 473 for girls. The only leaders who have had the vision and the courage to say so plain- The morality of the country leaves ly are two men who have stood most a great deal to be desired. In one dis- closely to the stern realities of the trict the percentage of illegitimacy war-Sir David Beatty and Sir Wilreaches the shocking figure of seventy- liam Robertson. For the rest, we two per cent. are invited, e. g., to listen to minis- terial talk about reduced meals at resf ~' taurants, whilst we know that hun- dreds of thousands of tons of grain EUROPE and immense quantities of sugar are still to be retained to provide a prodL. A Gift Before Going Down uct that diminishes genuine efficiency and clogs the wheels of victory. How M ANY people have grown accus- can a people nu.rsing such insincerities tomed to reading the "total at its heart expect to overcome? To shipping loss for a week" without believe that it can be so is to believe thinking of the men who have gone in an irrational, unmoral wot:ld. We down with the merchant ships which think we can make our studied calhave been "torpedoed and lost." But culations about men and munitions and the tragedy comes home very close to shut our eyes to the inconvenient the workers of the Scripture Gift Mis- moral issues. We think we can drink sion, who give copies of the Word of strong spirits and at the same time God to the sailors at the various ports win the war. We cannot. Vision for touched by the ships, often for the victory will not be vouchsafed to us in last time. our cups, but on our knees.-J. Y. Simpson of Edinburgh. A seamen's missionary in a western port writes: Work for French Wom,en "I do not know how to express in M ISS MARY DINGMAN, induswriting my thanks for the supply of trial expert and Young Wom- Gospels your Mission has sent me en's Christian Association worker in for distribution among our sailors, France, in a recent letter says: "More but you will, I know, excuse any un- than 13,000 women are working in ofdue words. I can only bless God and fices in Paris and vicinity. This is an take courage. Two ships, one French. indication of the needs created by the other English, were torpedoed the great exodus of women out of within the last fortnight. I gave away their homes into commel'cial and in- Gospels to both crews-sad! The dustrial lives. I visited a factory on French were delighted with them. but the outskirts of Paris where the out- put is 45,000 shells a day, and where r understand they all went down. This many thousand of men and women are employed. I also made a trip to shows additional evidence of the sol- Lyons to see a new plant whose manemn responsibility of a missionary agement was willing to give space to and the inestimable value of your a foyer for women. In Lyons, a city mission." of more than a million inhabitants, there were motley crowds. Some of Prohibition for Britain the men and women work in chemical factories where the acids turn their I N the spring of 1915 the British hands, faces, hair and clothing yellow. government faced the liquor traffic situation, but shrank from the issue. And ever since that date the allied cause has gone steadily back. To some it is a mere coincidence; to oth- ers it has become an intimation that, after all, whether we like it or not, we are living in God's world, that

When you realize what they are doing, the wives and daughters of preachers you know that they are as essential to are taking their places in the pulpits the war as the men at the front-yet and are carrying on the regular almost nothing has been done for their church work which now consists chief- physical, moral and spiritual welfare." ly of war relief. Just at present they are bending their energies to furnish- German Care for English Prisoners ing warm garments for the soldiers in THE war has brought many illus- the North. There are splendid or- trations of the way in which in- ganizations in Rome, Genoa, Naples, Florence and Milan where women are dividual Christians in all the belliger- rallying heroically to the service and ent countries have shown a true re- are being given proper recognition for gard for those who are politically their sacrifices." their enemies. Among these is the following item from Germany: Y. W. C. A. Pioneers in Russia "An arrangement for the religious welfare of the English prisoners is HAVING stuck by their guns all found in Paderborn where Chaplain- through the turbulence in Rus- Superintendent Klingender includes sia, the eight representatives of the this work in his parochial program. National Y. W. C. A. report Associa- Every fourteen days an English serv- tion work opened in four places in ice is held in the old 'Abdinghuf' that country. Miss Clarissa Spencer, church, led by the superintendent. It who passed through one revolution in is only since the war that he has learn- Moscow, remains at her post in that ed English. One of the soldiers is the city, and Miss Helen Ogden and Miss volunteer organist. In addition to this Clara 1. Taylor, who were there until service the superintendent delivers recently, have gone eastward 900 miles regularly sermons in all the hospitals to the city of Samara, where they in his town, where English prisoners have launched Association work.

are. He also takes the English Evan- Miss Katherine Childs and Miss Mur- gelical prisoners into the church and iel Heap, who were held in Vladiv- the names of those who die in the bar- ostok, en route to Russia, are still in racks or town of Paderborn are men- that city and they, too, report having tioned at the church service. The begun Association work for women Dean, as the superintendent is called and girls of that city.

by the English soldi~rs, has a warm No word was received for some . place in the hearts of the prisoners." time from the three secretaries who were obliged to abandon the work they War an Emancipator in Italy had begun in Petrograd when the American Ambassador left that city. "T HIS great war, terrible as it is, But the last letter from one of them, might be called the Emancipator Miss Elizabeth Boies, tells of the beof women in Southern Italy." So ginnings of educational classes, gymwrites Rev. B. M. Tipple, Superintend- nastics and social gatherings in Mosent of the Methodist Episcopal Church cow. in Rome, who has recently arrived in America. MOSLEM LANDS He continues: "The old feeling Why Not War With Turkey? prevalent in Italy that her women should be cloistered is losing ground M ANY are puzzled to know why and the ideals of Great Britain and the United States, which is now America are rapidly coming to the at war with Germany and Austria, has front. Today woman is taking her not declared war on Turkey. The ex- stand beside man and, in many cases, planation is given in an important she is carrying on his work. We' see memorandum presented to Senator this particularly in our churches, where' Lodge by Dr. James L. Barton, secre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tary of the American Board, who recently wrote the following letter to shows that both Turkey and Bulgaria a friend in New York: are under the military rule of the Germans, and have no power to throw "I am surprised today that I am it off. The main body of Turkish 0.£- still living to write friends and relaficials, and the people themselves, are tives. About 15,000 died of typhus in friendly to the United States and hos- Beirut alone. I wonder if after a year tile to Germany. Leading Turkish of- you can find 10,000 men left in Beirut. ficials have repeatedly declared that Hunger, poverty, disease and the Turkey had no chance of winning by atrocity of Turkey will hardly leave this alliance, and is running the risk men in the city. I am now under the of losing everything. If Germany English rule in Jerusalem and am very wins, Turkey's soyereignty will be happy that I am free." sacrificed. If the United States should now declare war on Turkey, German British Justice in Palestine officials would at once seize the large plants of American colleges and insti- CONDITIONS in Palestine today tutions in Constantinople, Smyrna, are in marvelous contrast with Beirut and elsewhere and put them to military uses. Furthermore, with those which prevailed before the Brit- America in friendly relations to Turk- ish General, AlIenby, set up a military ey there is some opportunity for Amer- administration in Jerusalem. An ican missionaries to continue their re- American resident of that country lief work among the Armenians and writes to the Associated Press: Syrians. "The removal of the old ·Ottoman American College Relief Work regime which had for its primary ob- ject setting one class against another, ONSTANTINOPLE College for the complete respect for the feelings C Women has' about 350 students and rights of all religious sects, the this year, including Greeks, Armeni- establishment of really equitable judians, Turks and Bulgarians. Today cial tribunals and the excellent bethe institution is not only a college havior of the British troops have alof high standing, but it is also ·a re- ready had a marked effect, not only lief station. It ha,rbors needy and des- on the people of the towns, but also titute girls who have felt the pinch of on the wild Bedouin. All through the war only too keenly, and the bitterness liberated districts the British authorof persecution. While it educates its ities have been afforded every possible students, it shelters and protects them assistance, and the British methods of at the same time. It has made of it- dealing with religious questions are in self a center for the poor of the im- general approved by the various religimediate neighborhood, where they can ous communities. come for help and work, where they know they will meet with kindness "On all sides it is evident that the and sympathy. The college at one new administration is regarded as a time volunteered fifteen hundred gar- great relief after the tyrannous corments for the hospitals. The money ruption of the Turk." for' this' scheme was collected by a committee made up of representatives All Christian sects pledged to obof the student body and the faculty. serve Easter at the holy places with concord, burying ancient strifes. About 4000 Jews held an open air meeting on the Mount of Olives on April 11th, when British Zionists mad~ addresses.

First-Hand News from Beirut Relief Needs in Palestine A BEIRUT man, formerly a student REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE in the Syrian Protestant College, now escaped from Syria to Jerusalem, in February left Cairo for Jeru- sa~em, to act as secretary of the relief

committee which has been established, carried them, was the gift of loyal with Bishop MacInnes as chairman. natives of India. The fact that on one The Committee for Armenian and day, the second year of the .war, 6,- Syrian Relief received the following 000 beds in the Bombay hospItal were cablegram from him soon after his occupied by soldiers, gives some idea arrival: of the staff of Indian and European "Your first remittance bought 200 nurses required.

tons rice, wheat, medical supplies.

Thousands thank America. Workers A War University now in Jerusalem. Bethlehem clinic, THE Indian Young Men's Christian Hebron Hospital, Jerusalem Dispen- Association in Mesopotamia is sary and Orphanage, with one hundred children opened. Over 250 in Jaffa operating a university in that historic orphanage. Food very scarce, also land. Makinah University (in confuel and clothing. Furniture, clothing, everything being sold, sacrificed nection with the Makinah Y. M. C. for food. Fifty thousand sufferers A.), which was first opened in N0directly accessible Jerusalem, and 1,- vember, 1917, was after a week of 600 destitute Bethlehem. Refugees flocking to Jaffa. Relief camp neces- vacation reopened on January 2nd. sary. Sickness, destitution serious, Classes are conducted in Anatomy, especially in cities. Funds in hand Engineering, Theology, Chemistry, very inadequate. Refugee hospital Mohammedanism, Arabic, Hindu- Gaza crowded. More required. Seed, stani, Electricity and Magnetism, etc. grain, clothing, medical supplies can be secured in Egypt for Palestine. [why not in Christianity ?l. Th~ plan British military authorities offer all possible transportation facilities and is to offer each man five mghts In the urge immediate action. week five different subjects. Arrange- ments are being made for lectures in continuous series for Permanent Base Men. Five small tents are often un- able to accommodate all the men who choose certain subj ects for the even- Y. W. C. A. in Mesopotamia ing. Offi·cers, privates and Y. M. C. A. secretaries are the lecturers.-The I N Busrah, Mesopotamia, is a Y. W. Student W orid. C. A. Club for war nurses, started by special request of the British Gov- New Schools in Mecca ernment. A MONG various· reforms intro- "It is difficult for us to realize how duced by Sherif Hussein Ibn Ali, much this club means to the nurses," the King of the Hedjaz, into that porwrites Miss Alice Shields. "Mesopo- tion of Arabia which he has liberated tamia is one of the dustiest places on from Turkish misrule has been the deearth. The heat during the summer is velopment of education. Five or six intense-this year's record reached primary schools and a military school 130'-besides which sand flies, mos- have been opened at Mecca and two quitos, house flies and other things primary schools at Jiddah. The saniinnumerable combined to make life a tation of Mecca is being improved and continuation of hardships. Into this its streets widened; orders regUlating place the club has gone with cool, pret- the charges on pilgrims for the camels ty rooms and good piano, nice food for the journey from Jiddah to Mecand home comforts." ca, and for l,odgings in the holy city Until recently, soldiers sick and are strictly enforced; and travelers bewounded in Mesopotamia have had a tween the two towns are accompanied voyage of three and a half days to by Bedouin police. The wholesale ki~­ reach the nearest hospital relief. It napping of Sudanese women and chIlis interesting to know that a fleet of dren has been almost entirely stopped, seven splendid hospital ships which -C. M. S. Review.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Suffering Greeks in the Caucasus American flag in the mission com- A GREAT number of Greeks have pound in 1915. been deported from the coast regions along the Black Sea, the Mar- The Gospels and the Koran mora and' the Aegean into the inter- THE sacred books of the Mohamme- ior, especially into the villages of Ko- dans and of Christians both claim nia, Tocat, Sivas and Angora. Thou- to be revelations from God. Moslems sands of them are in a pitiful condi- have, however, always refused to tion, especially the women and chil- translate their Koran into infidel lan- dren. The American Committee for guages, claiming that it was originally Armenian and Syrian Relief is doing dictated in Arabic, which is the lan- all in its power to relieve the terrific guage of heaven. Moslems, who wish suffering. During the recent fighting to be versed in their scriptures must in Trebizond many of the Greeks es- know Arabic, but although they mem- caped to Batoum and other places in orize, and can quote the Koran, and the Caucasus and 50,000 or more are use it to uphold their theological reported in flight to Crimea. Trebi- views, it is not a book which the com- zond, when it was in the hands of the mon people can understand. Not long Russians, was a place of refuge for ago an Arab, who had received a copy thousands of exiles from the Black of the gospels, began to read it. He Sea coast towns and villages. turned to Mr. Van Ess, the mission- ary, and said, "This is not the Gos- The Refugees in Urumia pel." Being assured that it was, he replied, "This cannot be the Gospel, A GAIN the American Mission com- because I can understand it, and I can- pound in Urumia, Persia, may be not understand the Koran." He conthe refuge for pursued Assyrian tinued to read the Christian Scrip- Christians. tures until he was convinced of their truth as a revelation from God, and During his recent visit to Persia he became a Christian. Mr. William T. Ellis was present one Sunday morning at the regular church The Bible shows its divine characservice in the village of Geogtapa. ter in its adaptability to all peoples Dr. William H. Shedd of Urumia and languages. It carries its mesasked all those present, who had sage to the Arab, the European, the stayed in the American compound African and the Chinese with equal during the siege of Urumia, in 1915, force, to arise. Almost the entire congrega- Recently Christian literature societion stood up. ties have been asked to publish the It was not easy to realize that this Koran in Chinese for Chinese Moslarge company owed actual life itself lems. The reason is that the best evito the American flag; and that had it dence that the Koran is not comparnot been for the resourcefulness of able with the Bible as the word of God the American missionaries, all those is found by reading them both. A women would have been violated, and comparison of their contents has led all, or most of the men killed. More- many a Mohammedan to acknowledge over, less than two years ago not a the truth of the Christian Scriptures. person in that church had possessed To show this contrast more clearly anything but the clothes he or she had Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer has published worn in flight from the village, but a leaflet in which passages from the thanks to American relief funds, the Koran and the gospels are printed in parallel columns, "The word of God village has been rehabilitated, and is on a self-supporting basis. Those 500 is quick and powerful, and sharper Christians were but a fraction of the than any two-edged sword, piercing 15,000 who took refuge under the even to the dividing asunder of soul

and spirit and of the joints and mar- day, 'Sahib, the bread won't go row, and is a discerner of the thoughts down. 1 soak it in water, but it sticks and intents of the heart." (Heb. IV: in my throat.'

12.) They are hungry and dying, and there are more dead than are buried.

Mar Shimun of Persia Killed Men and women once in good circum- M AR SHIMUN, who has been stances, self-respecting and respected murdered in Persia, is said to be by others, now hungry, helpless and "the first political head of a nationality friendless crawl away out of sight, die who has paid the supreme sacrifice unseen and lie unburied.

in this war." Mar Shimun was the AFRICA civil and religious head of the Assy- How Much Is a Wife Worth? rian Christians, a people who, includ- ing 35,000 in Persia, number alto- ONE difference between those gether about 125,000 souls. whose lives conform to the teach- Mar Shimun was a man of marked ing of Christ, and those who are still and attractive personality, and brave- under the influence of Islam is seen in ly led his people through the suffer- the following incident: ings and perils which have beset them A mission in Kabylia once employed since the Turks took Urumia in 1915. a doctor to come from Algiers at regu- Now "he has given his life, and he is lar periods to treat the sick of its vilbeing mourned not only in Persia, but lages. Hundreds of Kabyles suffering also by the 5,000 Nestorian Christians from all sorts of maladies, presented in America. themselves at the mission house for treatment:-receiving at'the same time To his people he was both a King Christian balm for sick souls. Albert and a Cardinal Mercier, and the Assyrian Highlanders who mourn his One day a sturdy mountaineer arloss are a gallant remnant who are de- rived after having walked forty kilofending their women and children meters from his village, carrying his against armed Mohammedans. Se- wife all the way on his back! After vere famine conditions also prevail, making an examination of the womand it is feared that most of the As- an, the doctor declared that an opera- tion would have to be performed, of syrian men may be killed and the too grave a nature to be attempted women and children left unprotected.

" IA Dark Picture from Persia without proper aid and nursing. But if the man would consent to send his WANT to state some startling wife to Algiers, the doctor would see facts and to paint a black pic- that she got into the hospital and was ture. 1 only fear that being a mission- well cared for.

ary, and therefore not a pessimist, 1 "How much would that cost me?"

cannot paint it black enough." So an asked the Kabyle.

American missionary in Persia begins UNot over two hundred franc~," the a recent letter. He continues: doctor told him. "And without the "1 fear it is not generally under- operation she will live only a short stood in America that the bulk of the time."

people we are helping get nothing in The man thought for a space, then the way of food but dry bread; no replied: "I am very much obliged to meats, no soups, no vegetables, no su- you for your advice, but it is not worth gars; less than a pound of dry bread the trouble. I can buy a new wife with daily-that is all. It gets monotonous, two hundred francs."

to say the least: An old woman, a good He loaded his suffering help-mate old friend of mine since years before onto his back and started off on his the war, and one who was in excel- wearisome homeward journey.-Mis~ lent circumstances, said to me the other sionary News.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Human Boys in Africa "Her husband bought her with ivory or a woman, or what not, and this soft I T takes more than technical skill to answer from a thing so bought out- conduct a printing plant successful- rages her owner to a frenzy. In the ly in Africa. John H. Bradford, who wind of that frenzy Mendana goes is in charge of the Presbyterian mis- down the Metet hill before her hussion press at Elat, West Africa, shows band. If she is strong she will wear how well-equipped he is with the es- him out, and will hold her place in the sential quality of sympathy. He Tribe of God. Many wear their huswrites: bands out, and many more do not."

"To people at home who seem to think we are laboring among a lower class of human beings, I can say that Islam in Nyasaland in all essentials the African scholar is SCOTCH missionaries in Nyasaland a duplicate of the American. He is just as mischievous, just as full of feel that they are "up against the tricks, just as full of fun and obsti- outmost edge of the Moslem advance." nacy, and hates to be compelled to One of them writes: "Nyasaland is so truly on the outer work, just about as the average Ameri- ring of Islam that the bounary practican boy would rather go fishing, hunting or playing than work. Twelve cally runs between Blantyre and Zomhours' work a week pays the African ba. Around Blantyre and south of it boy sufficient money to buy his food we find a few Moslems here and there. for the following week, but like the Around Zomba they are in evidence, American boy he is apt to spend it all and north of Zomba, at the south end on Saturday on a delicacy, or a piece of Lake Nyasa, they swarm. We thereof apparel, and count on living off the fore experience here the 'lappings of other fellow, or taking what he wants the first waves of the rising tide of from the gardens." Islam that is steadily advancing all over Africa. Islam, in the sphere of the Church of Scotland Mission, pre- An African Wife's Testing sents itself not as a local item of re- M ISS JEAN MACKENZIE, who ligious belief, but as a challenge, where has just come home from West two empires meet, as to whether that Africa, gives !the following picture of Muhammad or that of Christ is to from Metet, West Africa. "Metet is. prevail. Locally, Christianity has ena settlement among the Bene tribe. It tered Nyasaland via the Zainbezi and cannot be said that this tribe is gener- Shire rivers. Islam has followed the ally interested in the Word of God, or old slave routes from Zanzibar inland. that there is any conspicuous softening At the south end of the Lake, where of Bene manners as a result of the these routes meet, Islam is thickest, Mission settlement in their midst. The and the Universities' Mission of the Bene response to the Gospel is indivi- Church of England, there established, ual, and not tribal; there is a tribal has the hardest task of all. To ap- proach Moslems here is easy, for there indifference, and property rights in is little fanaticism, if any, and they women make for much cruel perse- tend rather to apologize for themselves cution of the girls and women who on the score that they are as good as have given themselves to the Tribe Christians." of God.

. "'Whom do you want to love?' asks The Malagasy Bible Mendana's husband, as they stand in the moonlight before the little group TWO devoted Welshmen, David of Christians, black and white. Men- Jones and David Griffiths, the pio- dana, speaking for such women, says: neers of the London Missionary So- 'I want to love God and I want to ciety in Madagascar, began to trans- love my husband.' late the Scriptures, and in 1830 the

New Testament was issued from the utation. He made his influence felt mission press in Antananarivo. Such in many spheres, and won many was the demand that not one in twenty friends in America and other lands. who applied for Testaments was able Dr. Mabie was long identified with the to obtain a copy. The version of the American Baptist Missionary Union. Old Testament was nearly completed He was born in Belvidere, Illinois, in when in 1835 a storm of persecution 1847, and after his graduation from broke out, and by royal edict to possess the Baptist Theological Seminary at Christian books became a crime pun- Chicago he served as pastor of several ishable by death. By great exertion churches in the Middle West; later he the missionaries contrived to finish traveled in Japan, China and India to printing the Bible and to place it in visit the mission stations. He died at the hands of their converts before his home in Boston on April 30th, at they were driven from the island. 71 years of age. Among his best When the missionaries returned in known books are: "The Meaning and 1862, they found that the little band Message of the Cross," and "Methods of Malagasy Christians had multiplied in Soul Winning." An autobiography fourfold. of Dr. Mabie has recently been pub- lished under the title – "From Ro- The Malagasy version has been mance to Reality." more than once revised, and its present form is largely due to the labor w. M. Morrison of Africa of the veteran L. M. S. missionary, W. E. Cousins. The news of the death of Rev. W. M. Morrison, D.D., at Luebo, Congo ISLANDS OF THE SEA BeIge, on March 14th, in his fifty- The Indians in Fiji second year, has brought to the South- ern Presbvterian Chul'ch and other CHRISTIANS in Australia are feel- friends o( missions in Africa a sense ing keenly the problem introduced of irreparable loss, for Dr. Morrison's was one whom those who knew his into Fiji by the extensive immigration work ranks with that of Livingstone. of Hindus and Mohammedans from He reached Luebo in 1897, and in his India, who now constitute seventy-five twenty-one years in the field he travper cent of the population. Rev. F. C. eled thousands of miles on foot and Andrews, of India, in an address be- by hammock in missionary itineration. fore the Methodist Mission Board of For a number of years he was the Australia, described the lamentable im- business representative of the Execumorality and crime prevalent among tive Committee of Foreign Missions the Indian community in Fiji, pointing in all its dealings with the Congo Govout that a root cause was the dispro- ernment and in the administration of portion between the sexes (forty wom- the work on the field. en to one hundred men) among the indentured labor imported from India. His most abiding service, however, The consequent degradation of the lay along two special lines: first, in Indian women and children, and the reducing the Baluba language to writwidespread vice is becoming a constant ing and translating into it the Shorter menace to the moral safety of Fiji and Catechism, portions of the Bible and of all Polynesia. other Christian literature, and second, in delivering the people of the Congo OBITUARY NOTES State from the cruel oppression of the Foreign Trading Companies, which Henry C. Mabie of Boston worked under the protection of King Leopold, of Belgium. As a pastor, missionary secretary, lecturer, traveler and author, Dr. Henry C. Mabie had a world-wide rep-

Historical Development of Reli,ion the weaknesses of these faiths

he calls China's family religion, Budd- in China. By W. J. Clennel1. 8vo, 260 hism, he condenses in its attractive- pp. $2 net. New York: E. P. Dutton ness for the ascetic in a sentence more & Company, 1917.

Enlarged in 1914 from an address than a page long (pp. 94-95), while delivered to Caermarthen Presbyter- its lure for the common people is poetian College, this volume is still too ically set forth in the following three brief to do justice to its theme. The pages, a laudation that is hardly true author has been for many years a Brit- to facts, especially in North China. We ish consul in China and is apparently wish that we Could fully believe the well acquainted with the course of re- roseate view of pages 109-110. ligious history there, even though "The Mingling and Decay of Faith" there is little evidence of his having chapter lacks sufficient historic facts used the classical texts of any sacred to make it evident to the reader just canons except the Confucian. Unlike what had happened, and while a simimany volumes on the subject, which lar decay in Christianity can be cited, . seem to be excerpts from Dr. Legge's the two are hardly parallel. That chapwritings, this book discusses the theme ter really extends down to the middle from an original point of view. Be- of the last century, and it accounts ginning with an interesting chapter on very well for the present melange of general characteristics and primitive Chinese religion.

conceptions of the Chinese, he supplies The nineteenth century has been one the background of later religious de- of great significance religiously to velopment-not a golden age, but a China, as the last two chapters clearly period of cruelty, of barbaric display show. Protestantism and modern civiin deaths and burials, and of religious lization have made many things new; eclecticism before the era of modern yet there is still need of ~ firmer moral devotion to the trinity of teachings, basis for national life, a topic which China's "Three Religions." Human closes the volume and which is weakly sacrifices in antiquity and the colossal discussed. The entire book is an ad- tumulus of Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, the mirable example of tolerance and sym- Great Wall builder, are sample facts patheti.c approach, but the author fails overlooked in most discussions of this to see and to make his readers realize portion of the history. that in these four thousand years of The chapter on ancient Confucian- religious history God has been seen ism is disappointing, and extends be- in sections and adumbrations only, but· yond the bounds of its title. Yet it not in His fulness and majesty. and gives a few unusual facts about the power, least of all in His love.

Sage himself, and its final note is a A Prince of the Church in India. By useful reminder of the context of an oft-quoted proof of his ignorance of Rev. J. c. R. Ewing, LL.D., D.D. life after death, a setting which greatly modifies Dr. Legge's 'criticism of 12mo. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Confucius. The author's treatment of Co., 1918. Taoism contains too much concerning fengshui, or geomancy, and too little A noble life is the seed corn of the of Lao Tzu's brief "Canon of the Way coming Kingdom. Plant its story in and of Virtue," which is hardly in ac- human hearts, and it will bring forth cord with the author's general plan of fruit after its kind. Such a life is that emphasizing the good and justifying of Kali Charan Chatterjee, one of the outstanding Christian leaders of India. In his biography, written by the presi- dent of Forman Christian College, La- hore, a strong presentation is made of the influences which led the thoughtful who cannot read the larger life of and devout Hindu lad to become a Mary Slessor, this brief account will Christian, of his courage in seeking be a good introduction. The line cut baptism, the ensuing ostracism and illustrations are not by any means persecution, and his life as a student equal in quality to the text of the under the renowned Dr. Alexander book. Duff. Primary and Junior Mission Stories. Dr. Chatterjee's statement of his By Miss Margaret Applegarth. 12mo, reasons for renouncing his ancestral 343 and 406 pp. $l.00 net each. Board faith and becoming a Christian as of Publication, 25 East 22nd St., New formulated by him in 1910, when an York. 1918. old man (p. 34) are a moving testimonial to the power of the Cross over A LL around the world for a dollar men of the highest intellectual gifts. or two, with stories, pictures, rhymes and puzzles, handwork and in- One feature of the book of greatest spiration! Wouldn't you like to make practical value to present-day students the trip? Then buy two new books of missions is its presentation of the by Margaret Applegarth. The titles reflex influence upon this able and sound like bread, but the stories taste cultured Indian Christian of the policy like cake with orange frosting. of the Mission of the Free Church of Scotland, which prevented ordination Each volume contains 52 short of Indian Christians on a parity with stories planned for Sunday-school preforeigners. sentation, a few minutes each week, making a cumulative effect full of Mrs. Chatterjee shared her hus- charm and value. The books would band's labors with such devotion and be equally fascinating for home or ability that her influence was felt al- Kindegarten use, and should find ready most as much as his own during the sale for gifts to mothers and teachers forty-eight years in which he was a as well as to children. missionary of the Presbyterian Board in Hoshyarpur. _ Religions of the Past and Present. A series of lectures delivered by mem- Lives like theirs are the best evi- bers of the Faculty of the University dence of the transforming power of of Pennsylvania. Edited by James A. the living Christ. Montgomery, Ph.D., S.T.D. 425 pages. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Com- The White Queen of Okoyong. By Wm. pany. $2.50 net. 1918. P. Livingstone. Illustrated, 12mo, 208 pp. $l.00 net. George H. Doran Co., Six living religions and eight no New York, 1918. longer held are here discussed by eleven members of the Graduate Fac- Mary Siessor, of Calabar, was a re- ulty of the University of Pennsylvania. markable woman whose life was full When one recalls other similar collecof service and adventure, and not with- tions, like "Religious Systems of the out humor. She was the "boss" of WorId," addresses by some of Eurchieftains, and a real queen in char- ope's most eminent specialists, albeit acter and power. Her life told here a bit antiquated now, the question for young people will fascinate them about its right to be might arise. A while it inspires them. Mary Slessor careful study of the volume will abunwas original and indefatigable. When dantly satisfy the reader that the reshe feared she would oversleep and ligions here treated are discussed in so needed an alarm clock, she tied a roos- fresh, accurate, comprehensive and inter at the foot of her bed; when she teresting a way that the editor is perwished to stop cruelty she defied and fectly justified in presenting to the commanded African chiefs; when she public what he and his co-laborers did not wish to leave behind four bJack made so attractive to their University girls whom she had adopted, she took auditors of 1916-17. them to England with her. For those The collection is both full and in- the leader of the German people in complete. Thus Confucianism, Tao- this war.o-a Wodan, one-eyed because ism and Shintoism do not appear at he was willing to give the other as all among the living religions, while the price of drinking of the spring of Zoroastrianism, held by only a few wisdom, on his arm a heavy gold ring, more than 100,000, is admirably treat- draupnir-dripping,-two wolves at ed. This is accounted for by the de- his feet and two ravens perched on sire not to entrust a religion to anyone his shoulders; his second wife's hand- not a specialist and to confjne the maid, Var, who "guarded over the speakers to the University staff; Yet promises and oaths of men and women this rule permitted the separate treat- and punished all those who broke their ment of Vedic religion and Brahman- troths"; his eldest son, Thor, broad- ism and Hinduism, and gave the public shouldered, red-haired and fierce- the two themes of Early and Medi.eval eyed, possessor of the hammer Mjol- Christianity, subjects rarely included nir, the crusher, and of a pair of iron in such a collection. In general one gloves always worn in battle; and the may say that each address has a de- world snake thrown by Wodan into cided individuality and a directness the sea where it grew until it finally sometimes too condensed, as when Dr. encircled the earth and bit its own tail.

Edgerton writes: "To state in words Drs. Hyde and Hadzsits make the old a generalization of Hinduism may be Greek and Roman religions live and bold. Yet I will venture on the fol- fill one with regret that such discus- lowing as an expression of what seems sions were not available for the classi- after all to come out of Hinduism- cal student of former days. Zoroas- sometimes plainly stated, perhaps trianism is perhaps as interesting and more often vaguely felt: You may unusual as any of the chapters. But call God by whatever name you will; the entire volume is well worth read- but in truth God is One." All the ing-perhaps more so than any other writers have the gift of teaching as of its class and limitations.

well as of lecturing, and each address . has in it not only the modern approach The Religious Foundations of America. to religion, but makes use of the latest By Charles Lemuel Thompson, D.D.

discoveries and discussions in connec- Bvo. 300 pp. $1.50 net. Revell, New tion with a given faith. York, 1917.

To differentiate one or more of Dr. Thompson, President of the these chapters from others might be Home Missions Council, has been reinvidious when all are so excellent. garded for many years as one of the The conservative reader will be some- far-seeing and clear-thinking stateswhat disturbed by a few statements men of American Christianity. He is made in the lecture upon the Hebrew not unknown as a writer on home misreligion, and perhaps also by what is sion topics, and his literary gifts insaid about Christianity, especially that clude, among others, the charm of of the early period-a treatment poesy. This book, however, is hisunique, however, and very stimulating tory, prophecy and keen analysis of to thought. The chapter on Moham- the present religious situation. More medanism is admirable, though one specifically, it is a study of origins. may be surprised that so little is said The author traces the varying streams about New Islam, and even more by of moral and religious influence which, the brevity of its treatment of the from the earliest colonization of Koran. Professor Johnson in his in- America, have flowed from Spain, tensely interesting lecture on the re- from Holland, from Germany, from ligion of the Teutons has given the Great Britain, from France, from Jewpublic historically all the essential ish sources in innumerable lands.

features of the god whom the Kaiser In his preface, Dr. Thompson reprints with a capital and proclaims as minds us that social evolutionists base their hope that America may yet de- honors in competitive examinations velop the highest type of man upon the and have already done great things interaction of the manifold elements for their countrywomen. which have entered into the making of this Republic. The contents of this The biography is too personal in volume afford the reader a luminous many places for a volume of general and comprehensive view of the main and permanent interest. For a mismoral and social constituents of a civil- sionary volume it tells too little of ization which labors to secure the the actual spiritual needs of the Span-. peace and safety of the body social ish people. The ideals of the instiand politic through a unity in diver- tute were those of Constantinople Colsity which is the highest proof of the lege for Vomen, but Mrs. Gulick was perfect functioning of a composite like a mother to her students as well organization. as their teacher. Her personal Chris- . tian influence counted for even more Dr. Thompson is at his best in the than her intellectual ability. The spirtwo chapters on Pilgrims and Puri- itual side of the work and its results tans ~nd in his chapter on the Scotch- in the religious regeneration of the Irish element. He quotes Mr. Roose- handicapped daughters of Spain are velt, who described the Scotch-Irish not emphasized as much as one might as a race "doubly twisted in the mak- expect from a work under the auspices ing, flung from island to island, and of the American Board of Commistoughened by exile," and who pays sioners for Foreign Missions. high tribute to the influence of the Scotch-Irish in America. The great The Fundamentals-A Testimony to the war has not blinded Dr. Thompson to Truth. 4 vols. 12mo. Preface by the value of the thrift and industry, Rev. R. A. Torrey. Los Angeles Bible the religious teachings and missionary Institute, Calif?rnia, 1917. activity of Teutonic immigrants represented by people of the Lutheran, Mo- Some of the most able and most ravian and Reformed faiths. famous Christian teachers have con- tributed to this series of papers on Alice Gordon Gulick. By Elizabeth Put- the Bible, Christian Doctrine and Ex- nam Gordon. IIIus. 12mo. $1.50 net. perience. Among the authors are Dr. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. Geo. F. Wright of Oberlin, Sir Robert Anderson of London, Prof. James Spain is a country better known to Orr of Scotland, Arthur T. Pierson, historians, travelers and romancers Charles R. Erdman of Princeton, and than to missionaries. Yet it is a land Dr. M. G. Kyle of Philadelphia. as much in need of enlightenment in Christian truth as is South America or Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. By Mexico. The story of the life and William H. Sheppard. Introduction work of Mrs. Gulick gives less about by Dr. S. H. Chester. IIIus. 8vo. 157 the country and its needs than we pp. 35 cents, paper. Presbyterian could wish, but it is a beautiful pic- Com. of Publication, Richmond, Va. ture of a noble woman who, with her husband, William H. Gulick, was able The author of this little volume is a to build up a great educational in- colored man, born in Virginia, edustitution. Mrs. Gulick was a rare and cated in Hampton and sent out to queenly woman and did, through the Africa by the Southern Presbyterian International Institute, for the girls of Board. Mr. Sheppard did a good Spain what Mary Lyon did for the work and here describes in his own girls of New England. She founded picturesque style the things that· he and built up, on Protestant Christian saw and did. It is not a careful study lines, an institution that astonished or consecutive history of these piothe leading educators of Spain. The neers but is rather a series of disjointyoung women graduates took high ed snap-shots, each throwing light on the people, their beliefs and habits and on the work of the missionaries.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1918

OF THE MASSES OF HINDUS WHO NEED THE

of MUStO.AIIY OC:C"PAT.IIN Z"''OI14 l'ocK6r TESTAMENTS' in Mll.tTAlW CJM"'PS , "RECOLLECTION' o~ … MHHoN"lty To,,!!.

.J(£W$ ITEMS INDIcAT£l> ~y Xv"" G·£R~_ 1RTlCLES INJllcATEO 'BV TITLES.

A MAP OF THE CONTENTS-OUR VIEW OF THE WORLD IN THE APRIL REVIEW Fifteen times the number in this picture- are bei'ng baptized into the Christian Church eve ry month by the Protestant Missionaries

MISSIONARY

EVlEW~ VOL. April, 1918 ~~ NUMBER FOUR XLI.

SIGNS Of TIm TIMES MAKING HISTORY IN INDIA A LTHOUGH there is little mention of present political agitation in India to be found in the English and American papers, it would be a mistake to assume that there is no history in the making in that important British Dependency. The "National" Congress, after a somewhat chequered career of more than a century, has found in these times of war an opportunity for a very effective insistency upon some of its principal demands. "Home Rule".is the cry~ today; but it is not at all easy to formulate any very clear statement as to what the leading agitators desire. A large and influential section of Mohammedans has identified itself with the Congress, but has made it clear that the reform it seeks is one in which provision shall be made for the fullest representation of minorities. It looks to the British Government for protection from the overwhelming Hindu majority. Meanwhile the Secretary of State has given a virtual promise that it shall be the aim of the Government to introduce the privileges of self-rule into the land as speedily as may be compatible with the highest welfare of the people. This assurance has been hailed with great delight by many, and is undoubtedly in entire harmony with the ideal::! and purposes of a large section of the real friends of India amongst the British statesmen. On the other hand, however, striking opposition to the introduction of any considerable degree of Home Rule has shown itself. The non-Brahmans of South India protest that they prefer British to Brahman ascendency. European business men protest against a course which they claim would result in the loss to the country and Britain of all that they have upbuilt with so much labor. They desire to secure the best things for t~e multitude which looks to them and to the existing Government, rather than to the men who lead the modern agitation, for the things that are most worth while. Few believe that the great Hindu and Mohammedan peoples can, with-

out the presence of a strong controlling and guiding power, coalesce into a self-guiding people. Recent serious riots at the Bakr-Id festival, with bloodshed and destruction of property, and which only British authority was able to quell, have lenfmuch color to this claim.

A curious phenomenon connected with the situation is the position of Mrs. Annie Besant in relation to it. A Christian, an atheist, a Malthusian, a Hindu, a theosophist and now in her advanced years, a propagandist of Home Rule for India, she wields an extraordinary influence over millions of people. Her popularity was largely lost through quarrels amongst the members of the Theosophic Society and certain judicial cases in the courts where she and some of her associates were discredited. In the present agitation she has regained, for a time, much of her former influence by her readiness to condemn indiscriminately her own people and to flatter those whom she choses to lead, together with her almost mesmeric charm of personal~ty and sveech.

It must not be forgotten, as we study the movenients of the hour, that the great mass of India's people are very slightly, if at all, touched by them. They are, upon the whole, content and are loyal to the British Raj. They are appalled at the suggestion of the extremist that he and his fellows should supplant the man from the West. It is, there· fore, fair to say that the general currents of the life of the country are as yet but little changed. The field for Christian philanthropy and evangelism was never more open and promising than now. A large increase in tlJe privileges and powers of the administration will be ac- I'orded .to the Indians, and it is only just that this should be so, as soon as suitable men are found. We do not at all believe that this will operate disastrously to Christian missionary effort. It is true that the spirit (If :mtagonie.m to everything Western, which exists in com· panionship with the extreme "Nationalism" of the time, is an element of the situation with which we must reckon, but whatever of change in the laws and in the personnel of the Government may come, we may count with confidence upon religious freedom guaranteed to all. Britain is not contemplating such a thing as the abandonment of her great charge, and India has no desire other than that she should reo main. Having modified, in some particulars, her method of administration, the great masses of Indian people wish her to continue to guide, defend and lead them to a point, where, in the somewhat distant future, her task shall have been completed.

PHILOSOPHY OF INDIAN MASS MOVEMENTS.

A MERICAN Christians have not yet awakened to the significance and possibilities of the Christward mass movements in India. The stirring paper by the Rev. Brenton Badley in this number of the REVIEW should open the eyes and hearts of Christians at home. It is a remarkably clear and impressive presentation of the subject. Now

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

is the harvest time in India. Neglected, these harvests will be ungarnered, and will become refuse. It is a serious situation.

In a recent number of The Oontinent we find the following summary of the meaning of these mass movements: "Missionaries in India are concerned over the astDnishing numerical growth in the native Church, resulting frDm the "mass movement" toward Christianity among outcastes. Undeniably, the prime impulse in the desire of these peop.}e to becDme Christians is their longing to get out from under the load of the Hindu caste system. Their own religion counts them too low down to enjoy anything Df privilege. They and all their descendants are condemned to' endless servitude and degradation; they can never rise to any positiDn of respect; they are irrevocable outcastes. These folk have discovered that if they turn Christians, they will be treated like men and women, and their children will inherit education and opportunity. Is it any wonder that they are possessed with a nearly unanimous determinatiDn to get into the Christian Church as soon as possible?

There is no limit to the rapidity with which these people might be gathered into the Christian communion, if the missionaries choSie to baptize them as fast as they ask to be received. But there is little sign of spiritual conversiDn to Christian faith. In their dense ignorance they cannot know enough about Christianity to' have much intelligent Christian conviction. Prudence naturally suggests that they ShDUld be held off until they are instructed. But there is well grounded fear that if Christianity does not at Dnce shepherd these milliDns, MDhammedanism will make place for them all too gladly.

Under this pressure many mission leaders are cutting down prebaptism instruction to the minimum, accepting converts whose understanding does not reach much beyond the central fact that Jesus Christ offers them forgiveness by virtue of His death for them on the cross. Hundreds of thousands are joining the church yearly on that hasis and in the hope that later they can have "expounded unto them the way of God more accurately." At least, it will be possible to mold their children into an understanding faith, and that will greatly strengthen the Church of India in the next generation. What an enormous increase of Christian school fa:cilities must be provided in that vast land, in order that the millions of children growing up today in th~se outcast homes may be afforded the chance which their unprivileged parents are groping to procure for them.

HOME RULE AGITATION IN INDIA E VER since the Russo-Japanese -War, the Asiatic peoples have seen a vision of national progress of independence of European tutelage. A desire for liberty has been in the air and has manifested itself in China, in Persia, in India and elsewhere. In some cases

this ambition has had in view merely freedom from restraint; in others it has meant liberty for national development.

India has been profoundly moved by the European War and the Indian press is saying that certain changes must surely take place in the future, which will affect the nation socially, politically and economically. There is much talk of home rule for India when the war is over-with representation in the British Parliament, or a colonial government like that of Canada and Australia. The fact that Indian troops are in the trenches at the front, and are giving their lives along with the English and French troops, has stirred the national consciousness. This growing independence of thought along political lines is also lessening the bonds of social and religious customs. The impulse for home rule is revolutionizing the attitude of the Hindus, :Mussulmans and other Indians toward Christians. N ow that the Indian Christians, both of old standing and new converts, are showing that their "future is bound up with the people of their own blood," they are welcomed as patriots. The following statement by so distinguished an Indian Christian as Sir Harnam Singh is illustrative of this tendency: "It has been said that India can not be looked upon as a nation because of her yaried religions and tongues, but the spirit of nationality has been awakened in us, and true love of country knows no barriers of caste or creed or language."

This is an important movement, as those who have left the Indian religions for the Christian Church have hitherto been looked upon not only as disloyal to their ancestral faith, but as unpatriotic.

It is unfortunate that the agitation has come now. We hope that the time will come-after the war-when the desire for home rule for India will be realized; but there is need first for education of the masses, for the development of wise leadership and for the adoption of Christian standards. Home rule can not be successful where caste prevails, where chlld marriage is practiced, where temple prostitution is permitted, and where the temper of the religious leaders prevents true religious liberty-without boycott and without persecution.

Already the loyalty of India to Great Britain has a promise of reward in the announcement by the Secretary for India in the House of Commons that native officials are to be introduced into every branch of the administration, that self-governing institutions are to be developed as rapidly as possible and that the purpose is to make the Indian government fully responsible to the Indian people. In view of the prospect of a larger introduction of the men of the country into civil and military office in India we must recognize more than ever the importance of Indian education and training in accord with Christian ideals. Missionaries have been working to develop men capable of worthy leadership and prepared to sustain and to safeguard the new India that is coming to ner place of influence in this modern world of nations. The value of this missionary training will now be seen more clearly in the political as well as in the religious life of India.

POST OFFICE EYANGELISU IN CHINA M ISSIONARIES are endeavoring to keep pace with the modern improvements in China and to make use of every new facility to spread the Gospel. In the last twenty-five years there have been introduced railways, police, postal and telegraph service, modern newspa.pers and telephones. Ten years ago. there were only about a thousand post offices in all China; now there are ten thousand or more, besides 656 telegraph offices under separate management. In order to reach a special class by evangelistic effort conducted by those who work entirely among those classes, with methods adapted to then particular needs, the International Postal Telegraph Christian Asso· ciation has taken up work for the great army of men engaged in these two departments of service. As a channel through which to reach them this association uses the post office itself. As soon as a new office has been established the association sends a copy of the New Testament, with a letter, to each of the employees, asking them to study it care· fully and offering to explain anything not understood. For the past . nine years an eight-page evangelist magazine, called The Gospel Mail) has been sent each quarter to every post office on the official list. In response the association receives many letters, all of which are prayer· fully and carefully answered.

In many of the cities and towns where post offices have been opened there are as yet no Christian missions; and missionaries who are out on itineraries are urged to make a point of calling at postal and telegraph offices to ha.ve friendly talks with the men. This work is largely seed-sowing, like all other evangelistic work, but it brings a harvest.

THE JAPANESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH T HE Rev. T. Makino, secretary of the National Body of Japanese Churches, reports a great improvement in the relations between Japanese Christians and foreign workers.

"For years," he says, "we raised our voices for the independence of our churches with the slogan, 'Japan must be evangelized by the Jap- anese.' We cannot forget that to accomplish this purpose our leaders fought desperately and poured out their souls. Some even became sacri.

fices. Now, fortunately, this independence is complete. Twenty thou- sand members in more than one hundred churches are annually con- tributing 130,000 yen to 140,000 yen for benevolence, while they are supporting their own churches. Now there is need on every hand of ex- panding our evangelistic work. How warmly then, ought we to welcome as friends from afar the missionaries who have left behind their mother country, and coming to the East are consecrating their lives to the spread of the Gospel? The day has passed for us to regard them as strangers. It is now the time for us to work in full fellowship with them in the spiritual warfllr~."

The supreme need of the Japanese Church today is spiritual ·growth, and to this end every effort should be made to develop the prayer-life of the Church. The churches in America may cooperate in this with the workers on the field, and so may have a real part in the campaign in the spirit of the apostle to the Gentiles-"Whereunto I spend wearisome labor, agonizing according to His energy which energizes me with dymanic power." (Col. 1:28, 29.) SOME RESULTS OF PROHIBITION.

PROHIBITION of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors is gaining such ground in America that many look for national prohibition Within another twelve months. ·What has been undertaken as a war measure may prove to be the most wholesome peace measure ever enacted.

What may be the expected result of such prohibition in foreign lands, where the untrained races are still less able to resist the ravages of strong drink than are those of more highly developed nations?

Rum was the curse of the American Indian until its sale to red men was prohibited. The South Sea Islanders have suffered great physical and moral degeneration wherever the drink traffic has been permitted and the shipments of rum to Africa bas been a curse to the Africans and a disgrace to the civilized countries from whence the "fire-water" has come. Strong efforts have been made by liquor dealers and by those who exploit the natives to break down restrictions. We rejoice that the new American law, called forth by wartime prohibition, has put a stop to the shipment of rum from America to Africa. It is reported that no intoxicating drinks have been shipped since last. August, and as one result four of the oldest distilleries located in Boston have gone out of business.

However, a disturbing rumor is abroad to the effect that many brewers and distillers, operating in the United States, are preparing for national prohibition by cultivating the 418 millions of possible drinkers in China. Many of them are said to be making plans to transfer their business to Asia and to debauch the Chinese who have so recently been delivered from the curse of opium. There is hope that the Chinese Government will have sufficient foresight. and firmness to prohibit the establishment of this demoralizing business.

HIGHEST LIFE NOT ACCESSIBLE IN WAR

T HOUSANDS of men and women have come to a higher life in the war. They were living for nothing. Now they have been given a cause. They were valuing ease and indulgence. Now these seem to them unworthy. Hardship and sacrifice were the things they had avoided. Now they seek them. "We do not so much endure them," Donald Hankey said, "we deride them." The call to give up their lives has been answered by hosts of men and many of them have had the experience promised by our Lord. They have found them again, and what they have found was a new life different from the old. Alas, there are many who have not found so much, but there are many who have found it in war who had missed it in peace.· Will they miss it again when pease returns?

"I am asking myself again," says a soldier in one of the most useful books of the war, Lieutenant Dawson, in "Carry On," "if there isn't some new fineness of spirit which will develop from this war and survive it. In London, at a distance from all this tragedy of courage, I felt that I had slipped back to a lower plane; a kind of flabbiness was creeping into my blood-the old selfish fear of life and love of comfort. It's odd that out here, where the fear of death should supplant the fear of life, one somehow rises into a contempt for everything which is not bravest. There's no doubt that the call for sacrifice, and perhaps the supreme sacrifice, can transform men into a nobility of which they themselves are unconscious."

But the war is not indispensable to this transformation of men. God does not offer his best to men only in their effort to wage efficient war. God's will is to call out the noblest in men to use it for the noblest ends, in creative ways for ends that will endure. Before the war he asked men for their self-devotion to the highest. After the war he will ask it. Will men answer him then?

Why will men not sacrifice in love constructively in the work of peace and progTess what they will sacrifice in wrath, destructively, in the work of war? There are answers which are not creditable. War is a temporary thing. It comes with sudden and unenduring excitement. Men will do for an interval what they will not do for a life. War appeals to the whole of the beast-not to the higher will alone that is striving to stifle the brute instincts that cling to it still. War commands the mass. The slacker is ashamed. The great moral works of peace and all the slow forward pressing of the truth have been the minority's concern. Sacrifice which does not involve the sacrifice of popularity is sacrifice made less sacrifice than its evasion. But there are creditable answers, too. War is a crisis; it is a fight for life,

for the nation. It appeals to all that is in us and that can be drawn on for all crises and for an unselfish crisis in which one loses himself in the life of his fellows. I t takes a man for anything and offers him nothing but the glory of giving his property and his life.

But the Kingdom of God has always been makillg this appeal. This was exactly what Jesus said to men when He was here and what He is saying today. There is a battle to be fought for life and for the world and for God. It asks everything of men. There is a joy in it which notJ:ting else can ever give. The missionary appeal is an absolutely unselfish appeal. It offers nothing but the choice to serve and to bring in God's Kingdom. It does not offer even the excitements, the novelties, the intense moments which men get in the war in France. It has its own excitements and intensities, but it wants no one to come for them. It appeals to one motive only, the motive of unselfish willingness to serve men in their deepest needs and for their most enduring good. All that is noble and worthy in the call of war is in the call of missionary service, and it calls with nobler and worthier summons as well. Is it more or less likely on that account to be heard?

PEACE AND THE SWORD E VERY Christian is a pacifist. No Christian is a pacifist. Can these two opposite statements be true? The coming of Christ into the world was heralded with "Peace on earth, good will to men." He is called the "Prince of Peace." And yet He said distinctly to His disciples: "Think not that I am come to send peace on the earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword." Herein is a paradox, but herein we may find the answer to the question that many are asking today. Should ministers of the Gospel urge war? Should missionaries and pastor& leave their preaching to enter the army, or to engage in war promotion work? Should Christians fight and urge others to fight in the present war?

There is no contradiction in the title given to Christ and in His declaration to His disciples. There is no contradiction of Christian pacifism and anti-pacifism. Every true Christian hates war, hates the killing of fellowmen and the waste and passion of warfare. Every Christian loves peace, preaches peace and strives for "peace on earth, good will among men." But no Christian advocates peace at any price, or temporary peace based on cowardice, on the abuse of power or on compromise with evil. There is one thing that a Christian hates worse than fighting, and that is the refusal to contend against evil. To be consistent, he must both desire peace and must wage war against that which makes peace impossible.

The missionary or the minister of Christ has as his main business helping men to make peace with God and to establish peace between man and man. But because of this it is also his business to help put

EDITORIAL COMMENT

down evil in every form and wherever found. The only peace worth having is based on righteousness.

Every true Ohristian believes that honor is better than life, that mercy is better than conquest, that no compact with evil is justifiable, that Ohrist's principles must win. They therefore stand firmly against cruelty, broken troth and the use of force for selfish interests. This does not mean that those who denounce these evils are perfect, or that they should close their eyes to their own faults. On the contrary, the hideousness of evil in another may open our eyes to similar faults or tendencies in ourselves. The sins of Germany are just as hateful in any other nation. As Dr. Gulick points out in his article in this number, America has sins to account for in her dealings with Asiatics and with the Indians; Great Britain is also guilty of having disregarded the rights of others in Ohina and South Africa; France, Italy and Belgium have done unjustifiable things in Africa and Russia has sinned against the Jews; but this is no reason for America's failure to use every dollar, every man and every legitimate means at her disposal to put an end to oppression, to establish peace based on righteousness, and to give all men, women and children an opportunity to live, work and worship without fear of oppression. No price is too great to pay for this privilege. The only peace worth having is that based on the teaching of Jesus Ohrist and made possible by His life and death. Those who are devoting all they are and have to the carrying out of His program and doing most to establish this abiding peace.

THE WAR AND MISSIONARY GIVING I N connection with the present financial strain and the appeals for money to continue home and foreign missions without retrench~ ment, it is interesting to study the effect of the Oivil War on the giving of American churches. The Presbyterian Ohurch North reported in the five years before the Civil War (1856-1860) 401,000 members, including Old School and New School churches. Their gifts for home missions during that time averaged $1.10 per member and for foreign missions .94 per member; the total average gift per year for home missions was $24,900 and for foreign missions $188,000.

Now notice: during the war years (1861-1865) the membership in these same churches slightly decreased, being 396,800, but at the same time the average gifts per member increased to $1.20 for home missions and $1.18 for foreign missions. The average total gifts were per year $209,000 for home missions and $219,000 for foreign missions.

In the five years following the war (1866-1870) the membership again increased to 420,000, and the average gifts per member also took a decided jump. For home missions they were $1.41 and for foreign missions $1.39 per member. The total gifts averaged $292,600 for home missions and $295,000 for foreign missions.

How is it today, after nearly fifty years of peace? Last year the membership of these Presbyterian churches was 1,604,045, but the average gift per member for home missions had decreased to $1.37 and for fOleign missions $1.25 per member. The total gifts last year for home missions were $2,194,000 and for foreign missions $2,055,313. Evidently the members of the Presbyterian churches are not yet giving up to the limit of even their Oivil-War ability. Their average incomes have greatly increased in the last fifty years and the call from the mission fields is also louder.

In Oanada th(' churches are showing t.heir consecration and are seeking to entrench and advance rather than to retrench in the missionary campaign. The Missionary Societies reported that in spite of the many calls for contributions to Red Oross, Y. M. O. A., and various relief movements, heavy taxes and the departure of over 400,000 wageearners to the battle front the receipts have been very encouraging.

The Presbyterian dhurch in Oanada reports : "We closed our last year (1916-17) with a better showing than in any previous year. Our receipts, up to the present, are as good as last year."

The Ohurch of England in Oanada reports: "The claims of the' war, far from causing people to neglect their church responsibilities, have had a reverse result. While enthusiastically and self-sacrificingly supporting worthy special objects in connection with the war, they have maintained their spirit of devotion, service and generosity to all worthy objects connected with the churches,"

The receipts for Canadian Methodist missions showed last year an encouraging increase of $32,000 from purely voluntary sources. Take one city as a sample of the spirit of giving. Toronto, a city of 500,000 people, raised over $900,000 in a four days' campaign for the British Red Cross. During the same week the :Methodist Union launched its annual campaign for nearly $50,000 for city mission work and church extension. While money may have been diverted from missions to other philanthropic movements the Methodist churches of Toronto have contributed more to missionary work than last year. The direct gifts from Methodist churches in Canada for 1916-17 were over $35,000 more than for 1913-14. In the present war the Oanadian Methodist Board has adopted the slogan "$1,000,000 for Missions." Last year the sum contributed was $690,514. This is an example for other Ohristians to follow.

~IASS MO'E~1ENT IN I 'DIA

~ haded areas show the chief districts af· fected by the ma~s movements toward Chri~tianity.

Over 50,000.000 are involved in these mass movements.

The rate of baptism in all Prote<;.tant lIi!'sions has been 10,000 a month. ,ith sufficient workers it might have been 50,000 a month.

Drawn for the Missionary Review of the W orld.

Touching the "Untouchables" In India The Indian Churc-h and the Evangelization of the Masses BY THE REV, BRENTON THOBURN BADLEY, LUCKNOW, INDIA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I NDIA has high caste people, low caste people and outcnate people. Fifty to sixty millions of outcastes have for centuries been re- garded as "untouchables," whose touch is accounted by Hindus to pollute. In earlier days these people were required in some parts of the country to wear vessels tied around their necks when they walked the streets, lest their spittle should defile the roads! They llad to .stoop as they passed a well, so that their shadow might not render

the water impure! They were compelled tOo drag branches of trees after them, lest their fQotprints mar the very dust! It is among these masses that the greatest mQvement in the history Df missions is taking place, a movement that has attracted to India the thQught of the Christian world.

In India the phrase "evangelization of the masses" has taken on new meaning. We not only have the masses, and the prQblems con~ nected with their evangelization, but we are baptizing them by the hundreds of thousands. The "Mass MQvement" has brQught, on the average, ten thousand people into the Protestant Ohurch every month during the past five years. During this periQd the movement has doubled in vQlume. In a single quadrennium five PrQtestant missionary societies have baptized 315,000 people Qf the classes among whom the Mass Movement has developed. In reading Qf Pentecost, missionaries in India no lQnger put any emphasis on the 3,000 who were gathered into the Church that day. In this respect, the "greater wQrks" of which Christ spoke have already been seen among. us.

No Qne can fQrecast the developments of this Mass Movement. At present it is confined, generally speaking, to the Punjab, the northern part of the United Provinces, a part of Bihar and Chota Nagpur, the Telugu land and the region of Travancore in the extreme SQuth. The Kanarese country around Belgaum has alsQ had a marked mQvement in recent years, and SQme pOortions of the Marathi area are showing signs of it.

No man can tell where new movements may next appear. As they ofare within caste lines, it is pDssible fQr them tOo break out in any part India where people of those castes are found in large communities. The Ballia field, in the Benares Division of the United PrQvinces, a region barren to the evangelistic wDrker fDr more than half a century, has suddenly produced Dne Df the mDst remarkable harvests.

No one can foretell what castes Dr communities may next be affected. Up to the present the movement has been cDnfined largely to the Bhangis (sweepers), the Chamars (tanners and shDemakers) and certain servile agricultural classes like the Madigas and Malas Df the Telugu country. All these are reckoned among the Pariahs or outcastes, but why should not the movement reach upwards among the caste people. Evidences are multiplying that the influence of this movement will soon become apparent among the upper castes. The National MissiDnarv Council of India has put itself on record as of opinion that the high castes are most accessible in places where the movement amDng the low castes has been most successful. The outward reach of the movement can no more be doubted than its upward reach. Indeed. there are pOrtions Df IndiR-particularly parts of Rpngal-where there are evidences of a mass movement among the MDhammedans! Who can prophesv what these stirring-s foretell?

Tn reviewing the situation resu1tin~ from the 1fflsfI Movement,

TOUCHING THE "UNTOUCHABLES" IN INDIA -253

one is constrained to say that in our overwhelming success we have arrived in the Church not at a consummation, but at a problem. The Mass Movement is discovered to be not an end to be achieved, but a mere beginning. Missionary pioneers, with their much sowing and little reaping, looked with earnest faith for the great ingatherings that they hoped would be made by their successors, and took it for granted that the missionary enterprise would be nearing completion when the heathen should turn from their idols and a nation be born in a day. How could they have foreseen that when prophecies began to be fulfilled and prayers to be answered, the lot of the missionary would be perplexity, distress, appeals, agony and strong crying!

THE EMBARRASSMENT OF SUCCESS-WAITING THOUSANDS In a consideration of the problems involved in this great move· ment, we must limit our view in this paper to the indigenous Church.

We have to think, first, of the waiting thousands who wait in vain. The significance of this will instantly appear when it is stated that the missionaries of a single American Mission Board have had duying the past year to refuse baptism to 160,000 people. This does not refer to the number that are "available" and who can be readily evangelized, but only to those who are pleading for teaching and baptism. Other boards, in varying degrees, face the same problem. In the aggregate hundreds of thousands are concerned in this great inability of the Ohurch, and ultimately it reaches beyond these to the :fifty or sixty millions included in the depressed classes of the land.

Nothing is better established from the experience of the past than the fact that these movements in India are cumulative in force only up to a certain point, after which they invariably and rapidly recede. The decline is a concomitant of our inability to handle the movement. This has happened repeatedly with the communities who have moved in the past. Many a field in India may be characterized today as being "quiescent" where twenty or thirty years ago a mighty movement towards the Kingdom was in progress. An appalling indifference, even apathy, may succeed such a movement. "There is a tide in the affairs of men," sang the greatest of all our poets, but there is also a tide in the affairs of God with men! That tide is "at the flood" in India today, and the Ohurch is not in a position to "take" it! If under these conditions our pulse can ke~p its normal beat, if facing such an unmeasured opportunity with the possibility of being unprepared, unable to seize it, the Ohurch can look on with undisturbed calmness and with a self·satisfied complacency, then is our cause indeed "bound in shal~ lows."

Under these circumstances it was but to be expected that from India in these great years there would com~, with renewed importunity, the Macedonian call. That call has come to the ears of the Church

with compelling insistency, but it is a question whether even yet the Church at .home has grasped the magnItude or significance of the thing that must now be done in India. The question keeps recurring in India whether we have done our full duty by the Church in acquainting her with the dimensions of this enterprise, or its real bearing upon the future of the Kingdom of God in the Orient.

No one who understands America or knows the spirit of her people can doubt that this land will make the utmost response when the facts are fully understood. We have faith in America, but only in an informed America, seeing clearly, understanding fully, acting intelligently.

Money cannot inaugurate a mass movement, but such a movement requires money. Particularly is this true of the great follow-up work that must result from any mass movement. It is a question as to which is the greater evil-to refuse to baptize or faj! to shepherd adequately those who have been admitted to the Church. To baptize or not to baptize-that is the question in India today. The meeting of our responsibility in this matter involves very large things: (1) Maintaining a sufficiently large force of missionaries to insure adequate supervision of the new communities brought into the Church.

(2) Training and sending out the requisite number of In- dian evangelists and pastors to do the intimately per- sonal work involved in tens of thousands of villages_ (3) Organizing and starting the necessary number of new schools to provide seculaJr education for the boys and girls of the new communities.

How grave a problem this aspect of the question presents may be seen from even the one statement that there are today, within the ranks of a single Mission in India, 60,000 boys and girls in the villages for whose schooling there is no provision. The same Mission is adding more than 100,000 totally illiterate people to her Christian community every quadrennium.

Each one of these three things involves large amounts of money. Hundreds of missionaries not only have to be sent out, with transit and salaries provided, but houses for many of them must be built on the field. The one item of salary alone would, for 600 missionaries, amount to about $700,000 a year. This is a low estimate, in view of the fact that a single board is planning to send out one hundred men for its mass movement work.

The training of Indian evangelists and pastors calls for many new training schools where these do not exist, and added scholarships for the support of students where existing schools are able to handle the larger number of students.

The building of thousands of little village school-houses, and the training of thousands of teachers for these primary schools. But in

TOUCHING THE "UNTOUCHABLES" IN INDIA

many cases, before these teachers can be trained, we must build, equip and set in operation scores of normal schools for the training of the teachers.

Here, then, are three aspects of the work, among others, that entail heavy expenses. Now, in view of the wllOle situation in the United States today, and considering the prevailing tendencies in the Ohurch, it is not too much to expect that the Mission Boards having mass movement work in India will do all that the financial situation demands.

THE EFFECT OF THE MOVEMENT A very large, and most interesting, question is as to the effect of the mass movement on the missionary situation in India. Let us take this up from two points of view: A GLIMPSE OF THE MASS MOVEMENT. Photo I>v Mr. Ward People awaiting Baptism in South Indi~.

(1) The influence of the Mass Movement on the non·Ohristian community still unreached by it. This community may be referred to under three heads: ('a) Those who are openly hostile to the movements and are adopting various measures to check it; (b) those who are indifferent, and (c) those who have adopted the policy of "watchful waiting" and feel concerned in it.

(a) Strangely enough, those who oppose us have themselves never been friendly to the depressed classes. Their opposition now is due, not to lack of admiration-even approval-of what Christianity is doing for these outcastes, but to a fear of the advantage that this success is bringing to the 9hristian enterprise. 'l'hey are now fighting us .

dix'ectly by organizing counter movements and persecuting converts to Christianity from among these classes, and indirectly by offering all sorts of new concessions and mducements to the still despised outcastes in an eifOlt to hold them back from accepting Christianity. Meanwhile, Islam, seeing a new opportunity is also astir to capture these people for tile Crescent.

(b) The great bulk of Hindus are still indifferent to what is going on. They cannot see deeply enough to understand the ultimate reach of the movement, and hence their continued complacency.

(c) There are some of the Hindu castes, very respectable and wellto-do people, though not of the highest standing, who have watched the movement closely, seen its bearing on their own future, and are waiting for just that time or circumstance that may lead them to swing into the movement and throw in their destinies with the Christian Church. It is of the utmost importance for us to realize that these people are, above all, watching the classes that have already joined .in the movement. Will the Chamars and Sweepers, the Malas and Madigas, and all the other depressed classes concerned, become and secure what is really worth while? This is the great question with the watching ones, and if the classes now being brought into the Church and wrought upon by us fail to register the progress, social, religious and material that it is reasonable to expect, the new movements will not take place-the watching ones will cease to look our way. In view of this, the Church may well tremble at times in looking upon the work that has thus far been wrought upon some of the material for which we have assumed responsibility! If God work not with us in this movement in the fullness of His power, there is no hope ahead! It is a time for prayer-let us pray!

(2) The influence Of the Mass Movement on the Ohurch in India. This is a matter of many-sided interest. There is space only to tabulate some of the influences at work.

(a) There is, first, the effect of the wonderful encouragement that so successful a movement brings with it. When thousands are thus turning from their idols, breaking down their heathen shrines, tearing pagan amulets and charms for themselves, their wives and children, and forsaking the superstitious practices and customs of heathenism, the Indian pastors and evangelists who see so signal a work of God's grace take fresh courage as each victory assures them of still greater triumphs.

(b) With entire communities coming into the Church, instead of individuals or families, as used to be the case, certain economic problems do not arise at all. The tanners and shoemakers continue at their trade. Boycotts are out of the question when there are no others in the whole region who can dress leather 01' make shoes. The individual or the family forsaking the ancient faith would starve, save for financial help extended by the Church. The community can change its

"AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN GIVING HIS EXPERIENCE TO LAY LEADERS al.legiance in religious things and continue to make a livelihood in the fields of past endeavor.

(c) The enterprise of self·support is materially advanced. However poor a community may be, in a country like India it always has a margin for religious giving. This margin is narrow, but it affords an immediate beginning in the matter of working out the practical problem of self-support. Systematic giving is inculcated from the inception of the new life on which the community enters at baptism. India needs only time in order to work out its salvation in the matter of selfsupport. "

(d) As to culture, education and general intelligence, the incorporating each month of ten thousand almost wholly illiterate people with the existing body of Christians, a community already low in the scale of things intellectual, brings with it its own menace. At this point the Church in India faces one of the most serious problems raised by the mass movement. Where existing facilities for education were already inadequate to provide for a small community, the influx of hundreds of thousands of people habituated to total illiteracy, bringing with them no ideas or institutions bearing on mental culture, bids fair to perpetuate an ignorant Christian Church. It is out of the question to think of educating these masses. Indeed, the adult community is beyond the power of assimilating even the rudiments of education. Our only hope is that we may be able to save the situation

ultimately by setting about at once to teach the boys and girls to read and write. Even this is an undertaking so vast as to leave us little hope that we can succeed in it during the present generation.

(e) No summary of the effect of the mass movement on the indigenous Church should omit mention of its influence on the body of Christian laymen. It was to be expected that in the emergency precipitated by the movement, added reliance would be placed on the laymen. This step was the more readily taken -because the caste system among the people affected furnishes a type of village and community leaders through whom the situation could be largely controlled. These men are the acknowledged social and religious heads of their own caste fellows within a given territory, whether that be just one village or thirty. Their office is hereditary, and when they and their people become Christian, it is the natural thing to continue them in their positions and make them a regular part of the ecclesiastical machinery. Their influence extends over the same area as before, but is exercised now in relation to the interests of the Church. The next step was to arrange for gatherings of these rural leaders in order to relate them more specifically to their new duties, .and a further development was to give them special training for the work that was now expected of them. This is the stage at which we have .now arrived, and it is leading to results greater and better than had been anticipated. Regular Summer Schools for the instruction of these village headmen have been instituted in many districts, and the outlook is for a wider adoption of this plan and more thorough instruction for those in attendance.

These lay leaders go back to their villages with a real sense of personal responsibility, which, with their standing and influence among their own people, results very generally in their becoming a most valuable addition to the forces that are at work both in building up the new Christian communities and in carrying the evangel still further afield.

THE QUESTION OF LEADERSHIP One of the most vital aspects of this whole niass movement work is the raising up of an adequate indigenous leadership.

Three classes of leaders are needed-in addition to the village headmen, to whom reference has been made. .

(1) There must be trained a large force of simple village cate- chists, pastors, pastor-teachers, or whatever they may be called. These men are needed by the thousand, to help care for the new rural congre- gations that have been gathered together. They cannot be the product of our theological seminaries, where a comparatively small number of men are now studying,and graduation from which requires a mental furnishing that our raw village candidate does not possess. Moreover, the course is one that requires three or four years to complete, and the need that we face must be met now, a large part of it even in 1918.

TYPE OF LEADERS SHALL THE PEOPLE OF INDIA FOLLOW?

Typical Hindu priest~ld and young-leadi'ng the people of Three Indian Christian preachers wh.o together have ~iven 150 years India astray of service in the Christian ministry

To this end there are many districts where Emergency Training ~chools have been establislJed with a view to giving a short course of instruction to prepare for purely village work. The practice of some is to teach for three months, then send the candidates back to the village for several months of practical work. Those who prove successful are brought back for another three, or, pOl:lsibly six months, and then again returned to the work. '['hese men are sent back to their people before education or absence or continued touch with the outer world has put a gulf between them and their own people, thus unfitting them for the simple work that is expected of them.

(2) In addition to these low grade workers we need a considerable body of trained pastors and evangelists such as our Seminaries are now producing. These men cooperate directly with the missionary leaders and must largely supervise the work of the village lay~ men and the rural catechists. They have been. indispensable from the first, and are now needed in much larger numbers. In view of the fact that it takes three or four years to train them, after they have received their primary and secondary school education, it is incumbent on all Missionary Societies to expand greatly their present resources for training their regular theological students.

(3) But the need of indigenous workers is not fully met, even if we have an adequate supply of the two classes of workers thus far mentioned. The situation demands also a high-grade Indian leadership for the new India that is so rapidly coming into existence.

TOUCHING THE "UNTOUCHABLES"

Let us, in conclusion, get some idea of what the Gospel has done for the lowly ones affected by the great mass movement. What. hap· pens when an "untouchable" is touohed? That depends on who does the touching! Hinduism touched them to trample on them. – Islam touched them to offer them the Quran or the Sword. Christ is touching them to transform them. His touch has in it the ancient power to change and uplift-alike in either hemisphere, on either side of the equator! It is resting on India today in a new way.

A few years ago there was in the Punjab a desp€rate character by the name of Gulu. He was a thug) and that means he would stop at nothing, to gain his ends. Gulu was touched by Christ, and 10, a transformation! What do you think Gulu became? Strange things happen in India-Gulu became a mighty man o·f prayer-more, he became one of the great intercessors of Goo. He would spend hours in pleading for the affairs of the Kingdom, until the perspiration ot streamed down his face. He had received a baptism, prwyer. One day Gulu came to the missionary. "Sahib," said he, "teach me some geography." "Why, Gulu, what do you want with geography at your age!" was the exclamation of the missionary. The transformed man replied:

TOUCHING THE 'UNTOUCHABLES" IN INDIA

"Your honor, I wish to study geography that I may learn the names of some more places to pray for."

God is waiting to touch and transform ten thousand Gulus all over India. Will the Church help Him to do it?

A missionary in the Telugu land'is out on an evangelistic tour through the villages. Among his workers is Nursumma, a Bible Reader and evangelist, a woman converted at sixty years of age in the Mass Movement. The missionary has had during the day to refuse three delegations that came pleading for him to go to their villages and teach and baptize them before the plague carried away any more of them. In one case a man fell at his feet and held him round the ankles, in his desperate pleading for a teacher. The missionary cannot sleep that night. He has gone out under the stars to commune with his Father. Nursumma's tent is not far away, and as he passes it, he hears her voice. She is pouring out her soul before God. She, who might put to shame the most zealous missionary evangelist, has on her heart tonight the burden of the souls who cry in the darkness for light and must, day after day, be refused their only opportunity.

"0, Lord Jesus," she wails, "Why did you not call me sooner! Here am I, an old woman, with just a few years of service left, why did you not get me when I was young, that I might have given many years of service to the Kingdom? There is so much to do-there are so few workers-O, why did not the missionaries come sooner!"

And the missionary looked up to the Father above, and in very llnguish of soul, cried out- "0, why did we not!" Shortly before leaving India I stood on one of the great plains of the north country. An Indian preacher, convert from Islam, who had baptized thousands in the great movement among the Chamars and Sweepers, stood beside me. We had been out on tour thllough the villages together, and had at length reached this particular plain of which he had spoken more than once.

((Here it is, Sahib, it was here a few months ago that three thousand Chamar men gathered from the villages around, and for three days gave themselves up to a careful consideration of the great question whether they should, as a community, adopt the Christian faith. Their decision involved about fifteen thousand people, and would have its influence on hundreds of thousands besides. At the end of three days they came to a decision that they would take the step, and then they came to us. They asked our Mission to put teachers in all their villages and, after the necessary instruction, baptize their entire community.

"And, Sahib," he said, as his eyes wandered first over the plain, and then rested on the ground at his feet, "we had to refuse their offer. We did not have the teachers, we did not have the pastors, we did not

have the money. The opportunity was too great for us-it over- whelmed us."

"What did these people say?" I asked. "They were greatly disappointed, they were surprised, they have become hardened towards us. They say, 'You Christians have preached for many years in these regions, Repent and be baptized. Now that we ask for baptism, you refuse it to us!' " "But did you not, did not our missionaries, explain how we hoped to get the needed teachers and preachers and money as soon as possible, and then baptize the people?" "Sahib, we told them everything, but they do not understand it. Ganga Das of the adjoining village speaks, I think, for them all when he says: "We had not expected it-we have been pushed back!" Then the man at my side is forgotten, the plain before me widens until it stretches to the horizon. The far reaches of it are covered by a dense darkness, and out of that darkness I see countless multi- tudes struggling forward out of their blackness O'f night towards the light. They are poor and ragged, they are gaunt and weary, but famine and oppression and the horrO'rs of heathenism are behind them -their faces are towards the light! Then I see a sight that I cannot comprehend. It amazes me, it staggers me, it awes me. Hands-countless hands-reach down from above and begin pushing these people back into the darkness! Some get past the hands; in some places many, in O'thers few. But alas, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands are pushed back I I look at the hands, they are white hands. I start back-they are like my hands-My Father! they are American hands! Then, again, the empty plain is before-me. I retrace my steps, hut life can never be the same again. How could it be for one who has gazed upon such a scene of the Great Refusal-the Church refusing haptism to thousands who plead! God is testing the Church in India today. For the outcome of that test the men and women in American Churches must bear a large responsibility. The Christian Church faces in the mass movement an emergency beyond human resources to provide for, an enterprise beyona human power to carry throngn. Be it so-it is well! In the hOllr tllnt we fully know this, victory has drawn nigh. The greatness of the tnsk throws us back on God. It is the hour to look to Him. He who inspired the great Record turns its pages for us Himself. He pauses at the great question of our time- {(Who is sufficient for these things?" Then the tinge!' of the Almightv runs down the page, and rests npon the answer that He has framed for 11S Himself-tbe word He WOll1il have us take on onr lins and helieve in our bearts- ((Our sufficiency is o.f God."

MISSIONARY

OCCUPATION OF THE EMPIRE OF INDIA ONEWORKERTO '10000 OR /'f0,f£ ~ :1..0 000 TO '10 OPO 10 000 TO 20000 lUlU I TO 10000 The Mission~ry Occupation of India BY PROF. D. J. FLEMING, PH.D., Formerly a Missionary in India; Professor of Missions, Union Seminary, New York City.

F OR the purposes of this paper the survey of the missionary occupation of India will be taken up from four stand- points.1 ..

I RELATIVE FIELD OCCUPATION From the diagram on the next page it will be seen: 1. That Africa, China and India have about the same absolute number of missionaries. 2. That if we consider the number of missionaries per million, China, India and Japan have about the same number (viz., 18, 17 and 19 per million respectively), while Africa has roughly twice as many (39) per million. An old standard, to which the Church was asked to rise, Was 1 Choice of standpoint was determined in part by the fact that the results of a survey in India, carried on for the past two years by Rev. W. H. Findlay und~r the auspices of the Continuation Committee are expectantly awaited; and by the fact that India's second "Missionary Year Book" is still under preparation, while the tirst year book was published in 1912.

OOMPARATIVE MISSIONARY OCCUPATION.

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES.

AFRICA CHINA JAPAN INDIA MISSIONARIES PER MILLION OF POPULATION.

AFRICA CHINA INDIA JAPAN the prOVISIOn of one mISSIOnary to twenty-five thousand people; or forty missionaries per million. I t will be seen that Africa practically has this proportion, while China, India and Japan have less than half the ideal. Before drawing any conclusion as to relative need from the8e facts, one would obviously have to take into consideration questions such as distribution of the mission force in each field and the relation of population to area and accessibility. (See page 263.) 3. When the proportion of native workers per million is considered, Africa again leads with almost twice as many (213) per million, as does the next country, India (124). India, on the otller hand, has about twice as many as China (49) and Japan (54).

COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS. COMMUNICANTS PER 1,000,000 OF POPULATION AFRICA CHINA INDIA JAPAN 4. When we look at the reslllts as shown hy commnnicants per million, India by no means leads, but must yield again to Africa, which has more Protestant communicants per million people than have China, India and Japan combined.

II OOCUPATION BY NATIONAL GROUPS CHRISTIAN WORKERS IN INDIA.

Missionari'es. Natives.

NORTH AMERICAN – – BRITISH CONTINENTAL 1. It will be noticed from column one of the accompanying chart that the United States and Canada have sent fewer missionaries to India than have the British societies. The Continent has sent only about one-fourth as many as those sent by the American or British societies.

2. But while America has only nine-tenths as many missionaries in India as have the British, their results as gauged by the number of communicants are over twice as many.

NORTH AMERICAN PROTESTANT COMMUNICANTS. BRrTISH _ CONTINENTAL 3. This ratio is all the more thought-provoking if comparison be made in still another way. The three lines in the accompanying table are obtained on the following plan. The number of years each society has been in existence was multiplied by its average number of missionaries, assuming in the absence of relative data that the growth in the number of missionaries has, on the average, been uniform. We thus obtain a number that is roughly proportionate, not only to the number of missionaries, but to the time during which they have been working. The sums of these products for the 41 American and Canadian Societies, the 37 British Societies and the 12 Continental Societies are proportional respectively to the length of the lines of this chart. In other words, we have here a weighted comparison.

YEARS OF MISSIONARY SERVICE IN INDIA. Age of societies multiplied by number of :Missionaries.

AMERICAN BRITISH CO:-.JTINENTAL Thus, while the present staff of missionaries sent out by America to India is nine-tenths that sent out by the British, the weighted missionary occupation is only six-tenths. In other words, of the total missionary life investment in India, America has made roughly only six-tenths as much as Great Britain. This, however, makes one all the more surprised to note the comparison in results as judged by the number of communicants.

SOME RESUUrS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS NORTH AMERICAN PUPILS IN MISSION SCHOOLS, BRITISH … CONTINENTAL 4. Bearing in mind the apparently greater results in communicants per missionary, it is interesting to note that the American missionaries have utilized a larger native staff and are educating almost double the number of pupils in their schools. This would seem to indicate that the American Societies, while sending fewer representatives, have sent more money per missionary-a suggestion that it would be interesting to check if the data for the past hundred years were available. It at least indicates that finance as well as personnel might have to be considered in any thorough-going estimate of effective missionary occupation.

Space does not permit the discussion of other factors that must have affected the relative number of converts, such as the fact that American Societies more largely than British have been affected by India's :Mass Movements.

5. 'While, as we have seen, there have been interesting variations in the variolls percentages noted for the American and British Societies, it will be seen that the percentages remain almost constant for the Continental Societies; i. e., they have about one~tenth in each case of the total missionary staff, of the total native staff, of the total number of communicants and of the total weighted occupation.

III OCCUPATION BY S'l'ATIONS If we study a map of India showing each of the eleven hundred and seventy-two stations occupied by the various missions in India, we see that the stations of the Australian Societies are relatively very few, and that the only well defined group is northeast of Calcutta in Assam. The Continental Societies are grouped in three general areas, along the extreme western coast from South Kanara to Malabar; on the east coast from North Arcot to Madura; in Vizagapatam; a small group in the western part of the Central Provinces~ and a rather distinct group about Nagpur. 'Whatever the German missionaries may have done after the war began, from an observation of the location of their mission stations, one would never charge them with placing these stations with a political motive. The American and British Societies are impartially scattered without obvious national grouping.

For a map of this kind to be helpfully suggestive it is necessary that comparison should be made with a map showing relative density of population.1 It will be noticed that the regions where stations are densest coincide roughly with regions of greatest density of population. On a larger scale manifest exceptions to that happy general conclusion would be apparent.

IV OCCUPATION BY CHRISTIAN WORKERS The day has certainly passed when we are justified in making an appeal to the home church by making a comparison between the number of missionaries per million of people on the field and the number of pastors per million people in this country. That antiquated method of comparison leaves wholly out of account the native church.

1 The map used here has been made in black and white for this study from a map in color on page 38 of J. G. Bartholomew's "Literary and Historical Atlas of Asia." c:0Illess than 2 persOns per sq mile C-.J 2 1026 ~ 261064 ~ 64 to 128 ~?Jf.'t:fj 128 to 256 ~ 25610512 mmlID noro than512 "

Drawn for the MISSIONARY REVIEW Qlo" THE WO RLD from Ba rt holomew'~ Atlas MAP OF DENSITY OF POPULATIONS IN INDIA The call for the missionary occupation of India is a function, not only of the ratio of missionaries to people, but of the strength and vitality of the Indian Church. Hence it is interesting to make a survey of India, showing occupation from the standpoint of Christian workers, whether missionary or Indian. This would include all workers, paid or honorary, who devote their whole time to the work. How significant this is may be judged from the fact that of the total number of workers considered, the missionaries form only 11 per cent.

In order that the eye may catch the relative occupation at a glance I have, in the map! on page 263, represented the area of India in t The data for this map was fo r the most part taken from- an elahorate investi'gation made in 1911·12 by tbe Central Court of Arbitration for all India, supplemented by data presented (though never published) to the Continuation Committee Conferences in Asia during 1912-13. The documents are in the Missionary Research Library, New York. The shaded portions of the map include 290,000,000 of India'. 317,000.000 people. Districts for which data was not available were left white. four degrees of shading. The deepest shade stands for one worker for from 1 to 10,000 people, and following the Central Court of Arbitration, we may call this grade "well occupied." Twenty-nine per cent of the total population considered is in this group, with one worker to 3,813 people. Eighty per cent of the 27,983 workers are found in this group.

The next lighter shade stands for one worker for from 10,000 to 20,000 people. Nine per cent of the population considered lie within this group, which may be called "insufficiently occupied." The average is 13,387 people per worker.

The next lighter shade stands for one worker for from 20,000 to 40,000 people, and this grade may be called "poorly occupied." This group includes 21 per cent of the people, and for it there is an average of one worker to 25,290 people.

The lightest (and saddest) shading stands for sections where there is one worker to 40,000 and over. These areas may be called "unoccupied." This group includes 40 per cent of the people, with only one Christian worker to 115,000 people. A challenge comes to the church which is interested in helping to make the world safe for democracy as it looks at these whitened areas and realizes that this is a land which is certainly destined to receive a very much larger share of self-government, if not during the war, at least after it is over.

Madras easily leads the Provinces of India, both in the actual number of Christian workers and in the proportion of workers to population. With its Indian states it has over 50 per cent of all the workers in India. Next to Madras stands the Bombay Presidency, both in number of workers and the proportion to popUlation. Here, as wel] as in Madras, one notices the massing of workers, for three-fourths of them are in one-third of the forty-five districts. We do not mean, however, to suggest that India's need can he met hy a redistribution of missionaries. Two-thirds of Bengal-the province of Carey and Duff, the home of Rabindranath Tagore, the center of a very real literary and artistic renaissance in India-have so few workers that, on the whole, they may he called, "unoccupied." except in spots; yet these i'o10called unoccupied districts contain 78 per cent of Bengal's teeming population.

These ohservations are snggestive only ano need not he carried further in the space at OUT' disposal. They mav. however. serve to indicate the kind ·of results that could he drawn from more detailed study of occupation maps on a largpr scale. Tlle most satisfactory work could he done from maps hased on the taltlk. rather than the larger official district as in the accompanying map. A map showing relative density of population should he availahle for comparison with anv mission survey showing relative density of occupation on HIe part of missionaries, Christian workers or Indian Christians.

Recollections of a Missionary Tour *

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., LONDON, ENGLAND "Author of "The Hist.ory of the Church Missionary Society."

I N the year 1892-93 I visited Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, India and Egypt, not primarily to visit Missions, but to stir up the zeal of fellow Christians in the British Colonies in behalf of the great missionary enterprise, and to persuade them to send their own missionaries into the non-Christian world. * * * The Bishop of Sydney wrote to the C. lL S. asking for a deputation to go out and arrange plans for members of the Anglican Church taking their part; and I was sent accordingly, having as my comrade the Rev. R. W. Stewart, an experienced missionary from China.

Our reception at first was not enthusiastic. We were supposed to have come out to collect money to take back to England. One bishop wrote to me requesting that we would not come to his diocese, which, he said, had been a "prey to adventurers from England." Our reply was a simple one-that we had not come out to raise funds, and would refuse to take any money at all; but that we wished our fellow-members of the British Empire to take their own share, as part of the whole Church, in the evangelization of the whole world, and to do so by selecting, training, sending forth and supporting those among themselves who wished to dedicate their lives to the work. The result was the formation of associations which subsequently became combined in one "Church Missionary Society of Australia"; and, in the twenty-five years that have since elapsed, about one hundred missionaries have gone from tIle Anglican Church in those parts alone. Tllat Church, in Australia, through this and other organizations, now raises £30,000 ($150,000) a year for its Foreign Missions.

TWO DAUGHTERS AND THEIR MOTHER At Melbourne, on our first Sunday, Mr. Stewart preached in one of the churches. After the service an elderly lady and her two daughters went into the vestry and said they desired to dedicate themselves to God's work in China, of which great field Stewart had been speaking. Never in my life have I met more delightful young women than the two daughters, "NeIIie" and "Topsy" Saunders. They had been belles of the ball-room, but had heard the call of their Divine Lord and Master to yield themselves wholly to His service. "Is there any harm in dancing?" their old companions in gay society had asked. "Oh, no," they • In our Juno number Dr. Stock gave some personal reminiscences connected with Foreign Missions during more than half a century. from 1848 to 1914. He now gives further recollections of one parUcular period (1892-93L when he visited A ustralia, New 'ZeaJano. Ceylon, India and Egypt.

had replied, "no harm, but we want to give up for Jesus not only harm- ful but harmless things." So Stewart's sermon had fallen upon' prepared hearts. Their plan was for all three to go out together, and at their own charges, but Mrs. Saunders had to stay behind for awhile, in order to dispose of her property; so the two girls, after a little needed training, went on before her, expecting her to f~llow soon.

They went to the Fukien Province in southeastern China, where Stewart himself and his wife were working, and for a year or two they diligently applied themselves to the study of the Chinese language and in other ways to prepare for future usefulness. I received many delightful letters from them, full of youthful enthusiasm and whole-hearted devotion to Christ's service. But in the mysterious providence of God their careers were to be very short. In July, 1895, they and Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, with five children and a nurse, and five other ladies from England, were together at a hill village for a little rest, and they had a series of prayer meetings, with Bible studies on the following subjects: "Always Zealous," "Always Trusting," "Always Christians," "Always Praying," "Always Praising." Early on the morning of August I, before they were up, a band of Chinese brigands suddenly appeared and murdered all the party except one of the English ladies and three of the children, who were wounded but survived. Five years later came the terrible Boxer massacres, when the losses of missionaries were manifold greater, and when also some thousands of Chinese Christians suffered torture and death rather than deny Christ.

Mrs. Saunders, the mother of those two Melbourne girls, on hearing of their death in the cause of Christ and His kingdom, declared that she would now go to China, not to call for vengeance, but to tell the Chinese people of the Saviour whom her murdered daughters had so dearly loved. She did go, two years later, and for eighteen years, worked untiringly among both men and women, Christian and non-Christian; then she too died, without having once returned to Australia. Her aged body was laid to rest near the graves of her daughters; but her spirit and theirs-were they not far more closely reunited in the presence of their Lord?

Let it be added that two of Stewart's sons, who 'at the time of their parents' death were at school in Ireland, afterwards went out as missionaries to China i and that with them went their two sisters who had actually been of the party and had been wounded. Also, that one of these sons, J ames Stewart, vIThile on his furlough in England in 19 15, went to the front in France as a chaplain to the British troops, and, while conducting a funeral service, was killed by a shell, January 2, 19 I 6. Also, that the only survivor of the party of five English ladies, Miss Codrington, went back to her mission, and is there to this day,' still bearing on her very face the marks of the Chinese spears. Is not the whole true story pathetic and inspiring?

RECOLLECTIONS OF A MISSIONARY TOUR

A PRISONlm IN GERMAN EAS'1' AI!'ltICA Among other recruits for the Missions, who were engaged during the visit of Mr. Stewart and myself to Australia was a young man at Sydney named Doulton, a cannexion of the family owning the imposing warehouses of "Doulton ware" that stand so conspicuously on the banks of the Thames in London, very near the ancient and well-known residence of the At:chbishop of 'Canterbury at Lambeth. He had been led to Christ at a Bible-class conducted by a man prominent in official circles in Sydney, an ardent advocate of Missions, Mr. C. R. Walsh, and he was one of the first inquirers to speak to me about missionary service. He eventually joined the C. M. S. Mission in German East Africa, and there he worked zealously, as a layman, for twenty years. At length he was ordained to the ministry of the Church by the late Bishop Peal, whose name afterwards became familiar in connection with the Kikuyu Conference, and he was appointed Secretary of the Mission, as being a recognized and valued leader.

When the war broke out, Mr. Doulton was interned with his wife and several other missionaries by the German authorities, and they remained prisoners two years. Towards the end of that time he was suddenly arrested and, together with a brother missionary, a Canadian, was charged with having taught the African converts to be disloyal to their German rulers. In point of fact, he and his brethren had been on good terms with the authorities, and had cordially entered into their plans for the education of the people. What was the evidence for the new and unexpected charge? There was none. The Germans had sought to induce the converts to bear false witness against the missionaries, and on being refused had beaten them cruelly. At last one man, tortured beyond endurance, gave way, and said it was true that the missionaries had given them the alleged instructions. This gave the authorities what they wanted, and he was produced as a witness against Doulton and his colleague. But when the poor fellow saw them standing before the judge as accused criminals liable to be shot, his conscience smote him. "Did you not tell us so-and-so?" asked the judge. "Yes, I did," was the bold reply, "but it was a lie; they never taught us those things, and now you may kill me if you like." Happily the judge wished to preserve the appearance of justice, and adjourned the trial for further evidence j and before if could be resumed, the British and Belgian forces suddenly appeared and the Germans fled, leaving the captive free. Mr. Doulton has thrilled meetings in all parts of EHgland and Ireland in the past few months by relating this experience.

That poor African Christian, and the others who n.ever even temporarily failed, belonged to no highly civilized race like the people of India or China or Japan. They came from one of the quite uncivilized and unorganized tribes, with no religion but the fear of evil spirits. Could there be a more convincing or touching illustration of the power of Christianity?

Gods of the

BY PROF. FREDERICK STARR, of the University of Chicago ETHNOLOGISTS usually recognize four different populations in Africa. From its northern coast to the southern border of the great Sahara desert live peoples who are fundamentally Caucasic, related to the white peoples of Europe and western Asia. They have the s~arply cut features, the wavy hair, the bodily proportions, locally even the light color of Caucasians. The ancient Libyans seem to have been blond and among the Kabyls in their mountain hom~s a pronounced blond type is far fro~ rare. The peoples of all the Barbary States, the Egyptians, the Somali belong together; while there has locally been much mixture with negroes, these peoples are not negroes.

All of these peoples speak languages that are related, showing a remarkable uniformity of structure and a form of inflection that allies them with the two great families of inflected languages–the Aryan and the SemitiC-White men's languages. This linguistic family is known as the Hamitic family and these peoples may be called Hamitic. Religiously, they are Mohammedan, and from the Hamitic area M.ohammedanism has pushed southward into negro Africa and is today extending its hold among black populations. Travellers and writers usually claim that the influence of Mohammedanism upon these negro converts has tended toward improvement. The Mohammedanized negro, for instance in Sierra Leone and Liberia, seems to have greater self-respect, an improved social condition, more ambition and energy, higher ideals of living, than the pagan tribes around him.

The rest of the African continent is occupied by three quite different popUlations-Negro, Bantu and Pygmy. The first two are important in numbers and in area occupied; they are dark, broad·nosed, woolly-haired peoples. The true negroes extend in a belt across Africa just south of the great desert; typical of them are the Sudanese; most of the native tribes of Liberia are true negroes; so are the Senegalese and the peoples of Upper Guinea.

South of the true Negro belt the continent was occupied almost solidly by Bantu peoples. The tribes of the Congo Free State (now Congo BeIge) were almost all of them Bantu; the I(affirs, the Zulu, tlle Basuto are among the famous and best-known Bantu peoples. ·When America brought slaves from Africa, they were captured along the whole west coast and included both Negroes and Bantu; they were shipped both from Guinea and Boma.! Southrners like the late Dr. Broadlms, of Louisville, who take soll)k interest in the personality of the blacks around them, still distinguish in our Negro population two strikingly different types~a stoutly built, coarse-featured, purple- black and a more delicate and slender, fine featured, chocolate-brown type; these respectively represent th~ original Negro and Bantu stocks.

Of course such physical differences mean accompanying mental and moral differences. Even the blond and brunette children of a single family do not see the world alike: the politics of the Englishman and of the Irishman can never be the same; race differences are very real and are based on physical unlikeness. The true Negro is more impul- sive, impetuous, perhaps more bru- tal; the Bantu is more calculating, reserved, timid and therefore more ruse. It is perhaps to the credit of both that those who intimately know either type are inclined to in- sist that it is more attractive, amia- ble, better and of greater promise than the other. Linguistically, Ne- gro and Bantu are sharply differen- tiated. The Bantu languages form a well-defined family; they are so much alike in structure and in words that they have clearly been derived from a single parent lan- guage. The Negro languages are less uniform in structure and less similar in words, but present some morphological likeness that rather loosely holds them together. Be- sides the two great populations~ Negro and Bantu~there are in cen- tral and soutllern Africa small and isolated groups of little peoples, the WEST AFRICAN IDOLS. Pygmies and the Bushmen; it is commonly helieved that they are the separated fragments of a truly aboriginal population that preceded the hig blacks; they are savage tribes, living almost entirely on wild food and maintaining everywhere a curious symhiotic relation to their hig neighhors.

Although the three black populations are fairly distinguished from each other in physical characters, although they differ in mode of life and are sharply separated by their languages (we know, however, very little of the original languages of the Pygmies), in the matter of religious belief and practice, the whole of black Africa shows remark- able uniformity. It is true that a careful study of the religion of any one of the hundreds of native tribes would show peculiarities; the

Pygmies 'have no doubt a very crude lot of religious ideas as compared with the Guinea Negroes; yet t1le essential and fundamental features are everywhere the same.

There is no known people without religion today. As far back as history can trace or prehistoric archaeology gives evidence, we have no knowledge of a people without religious ideas. Yet man's simplest religion contains only two or three fundamental notions. Anthropologists are quite generally inclined to consider two ideas primitive; they are surely universal. They are: (a) the attribution of power to beings and things; (b) the existence of an invisible something in humans, in animals and in things that can be separated from them and still continue to exist, when they cease to do so. Many students believe that all religious ideas, even the highest, have been derived from these two. Andrew Lang assailed that assumption and his battle with the English anthropologists over the "high gods" of low peoples has an important place in the history of the science of man. Lang believed that all peoples, even the lowest in intelligence and culture, have an id~a of "a moral, powerful, kindly, creative Being," who "sanctions truth, unselfishness, loyalty,' chastity and other virtues." If Mr. Lang is correct in this statement, and on the whole I believe he is, the idea itself must be as natural and simple as the other two. Weare not, however, here interested in discussing the evolution of religion nor the origin of religious ideas. For the sake of clearly presenting the facts of African religion, it was necessary to have these simple conceptions in mind.

The great outstanding fact in African religion is fetishismj so true is this that many dismiss the entire subject by the mention of the one word. The term fetishism was first used in connection with Africa; that continent undoubtedly presents it in fullest development. Unfortunately, much confusion exists as to the meaning of the word, and even those who have been most cautious in defining it and most guarded in its use are inconsistent. Dr. Haddon's definition is one of the most recent and carefully worded. He says: "The fetish may consist of any object Whatsoever, but the object chosen is generally either a wonderful ornament or curiosity, a symbolic charm with sympathetic properties, or a sign or token representing an ideal notion or being. It is credited with mysterious power, owing to its being, temporarily Or permanently, the vessel or habitation, vehicle for communication, or instrument of some unseen power or spirit, which is conceived to possess personality and will, and ability to see, hear, understand and act. It may act by the will or force of its own power and spirit, or .by the force of a foreign power entering it or acting On it from without and the material object and the power or spirit may be dissociated. It is worshipped, prayed to, sacrificed to, talked with and petted or ill-treated with regard to its past or future behavior. In its most characteristic form a fetish must be consecrated by a priest." This definition is a steering

THE GODS OF THE AFRICANS

between Scylla and Charybdis; it aims to rule out both the mere charm and the idol; it succeeds in doing the latter, but fails in the former.

Many mere charms have been called fetishes and will continue to be so called; Haddon himself, in the detailed study of his definition, says that where a fetish is regard- ed merely in the light of a charm or amulet, "this is the lowest and c.om- monest form of fetishism; it may practically he said to be uni- versal."

Anyway, the African has any quantity of fetishes, which range from "mere charms" up to anthro- pomorphic figures between which and the "idol" there is need of sharp differentiation. The child, too young to think for himself, is protected by something hung at the neck. It may he the teeth of dog or monkey, it may be a little packet of white man's heads sewed tightly together (per- A WITCH DOCTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA. haps with some other object inside), it may be two or three cylindrical bits of wood pierced through crosswise for stringing, it may be a small carved figure of wood or ivory. These things mayor not seem pretty or attractive to our eyes; they are not worn primarily for decoration. They have power, inherent power, to turn away harm or to bring about some desired good. -While such charms are hung upon babies, they are also wom by adults, and it may almost be said that everyone wears them. They are the simplest expression of the idea of fetish; the thing has power in it, either innate or called Or conjured into it. An advance is found in the shell, horn, nut, or other natural receptacle, which has been filled with a mass or mess of ingreil;n-.L -, No one but the man who made it knows just what enters lL_ _ .,,: Sometimes the most foul and disgusting substances have been usedashes, bones, feathers, blood, grease, fat, decay drips; the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms m~y be made to contribute. The composition is not, however, haphazard or aecidental; each ingredient is definite in kind and quantity. The conjuror who -made it knew exactly what he wanted and sought hiE! materials with care; special procedures attend their combination and words of power are repeated. Such fetishes are worn; in time of need their wearers call on them; they may be highly prized, considered as familiars; those made of

horns or tips of horns are commonest, because easily worn and little likely to be broken. But similar fetishes may be kept in the house, set up near fields or springs, placed to guard the path; here the mess may be packed in shells, gourds, pots 01' jars or may be wrapped in a piece of cloth or skin.

When the Baluba builds a new house, he prepares a fetish between which and his house and household a close relation exists. The occasion of its making is one of considerable ceremony. Fowls or a goat may be sacrificed and eaten. Throughout black Africa fowls, goats, and less commonly sheep, are kept in considerable numbers; they are not intended for ordinary consumption, not looked at in the light of 111,eatj they are killed and eaten only on ceremonial occasions-the killing is a sacrifice, tlle eating of the flesh a sort of communion service. The fetish has been whittled from the branch of a kind of tree tllat possesses great vitality; the branch is trimmed to a stake at the upper end of which a human face is rudely carved and painted; two such stakes may be made, male and female respectively; this stake or the two stakes are stuck into the ground before the new house; prayers are offered, the sacrifice is killed, the blood is sprinkled over the fetish and the ceremonial feast follows. These stakes easily take root and grow, the fetish head, however, remains long distinguishable; as the tree grows, the household prospers; not only do success and prosperity come, children are born, the animals increase, the fields produce good crops. At old village sites, when the deserted huts have been long abandoned and no actual trace of them remains, one who looks may find in the old trees the gnarled and twisted features of the old fetish face.

The highest form of fetish is the piece of wood or s.tone shaped into a figure, usually more or less man-like; such are of nU sizes and grades of workmanship. They often have an excava' " ~n the abdo- men or back in which a mess of fetish stuff is place " a bit of mirror or metal may cover the opening and prevent the loss of power. To such fetishes every grade of attention may be given, from careless neglect up to serious worship; offerings are made to them; prayers are offered. Not every wooden figure from Africa is a fetish, however. The native delights in carving. He represents birds, animals and human beings. Such figures may be independent or they may be merely decorative of cups, stools and other articles of use. Such carvings may have magic power, but it is a mistake to call everything of the kind a Itfetish" or an "idol," as is commonly done. It is important, too, to distinguish between a fetish and an idol. An idol is a representation of a god, with a name and definite powers and attributes; thus, a representation of the Indian god of wisdom, Ganesa, is an idol; his special characteristics are represented in the figure; the idol is merely a symbol of the deity, and there may be a thousand idols of the same god. A fetish is a thing which is itself worshipped; it is

individual and the animating force of one fetish has no relation to another fetish; tIle power is absolutely resident in one fetish. There are relatively few idols and little idolatry in Africa.

A second element in native African religion is belief if/; the soul, a separable sometIling that is present during life and may continue independently after death. In our first visit to a Bateke town a sub- chief was showing us around the place. Coming to a hut, deserted and falling into ruins, although in the heart of the village, we inquired into the matter. He told us that his father had lived there, but had died and was buried under the earth floor; that the house had there· fore been left to decay, as was the custom. vVe asked to see the grave. He gave ready assent.· Approaching the entrance with respect, he tapped upon the door-frame and said in a low voice: "Father, we have come; there are white men with us who ask to see your grave; they are good men, who will not disturb you or take away your things; permit us to enter." He then lifted the matting hung in the doorway and we looked upon the grave. There was the flint-lock gun which the old man had used in his lifetime; there were vessels for food and drink; there were other articles upon or near the grave for the dead man's use. 'L'he Bateka-as indeed all Africans-believe in the separalJle soul and its continued existence after the death of the body; not only so, they believe that the essence, power, virtue; of things is similarly separable and independent. The things at the dead man's grave are for his use; his soul needs the gun, the food and drink, the articles of use and adornnient. The African knows perfectly well that the things are still there by the grave; he knows perfectly well that the food and drink have disappeared, and that animals may have devoured them or the elements dispersed them; but his faith is unshaken. The dead man's body, too, is gone, eaten by worms, destroyed by corruption, returned to dust; but just as the dead man's real virtue and po·wer still exist, unseen and dissociated, so the virtue and power of the things remain, subject to his will, helpful to him who is dead. The soul of the things serves the soul of the man. Ancestral souls are worshipped. From time to time food and drink are offered to them; they are talked with; consulted in times of doubt; they can aid; if neglected, they can harm. Everywhere at gTaves one sees evidence of respect and worship. Yet it is unlikely that the fetish figures, the idols, and the "high gods" of Africa have usually been evolved from ghosts. Non-ancestral ghosts are common enough; they are usually malignant and feared; but it is doubtful that any large proportion of local spirits, or the animating powers of fetishes, have gTown out of them.

The third idea prevalent in Afriran religions to which we shall refer is that of a ((high god." Livingstone, who was an exc – – tionally competent observer and who came much into cnntact with peoples who had had no previous relations with white men, says: "There is no

necessity for beginning to tell even the most degraded of these people of the existence of God, or of a future state, the facts being universally admitted." Wilson, writing in 1856 of the tribes of Upper Guinea, says: "The belief in one great Supreme Being who made and upholds all things is universal."

A French bishop, who has given many years to mission work in Africa, wrote a book a few years ago upon "the religion of the primitives," drawing his facts from the pygmies and other tribes in the lowest culture. He everywhere found the belief in a high god, who made all things, who was a father giving support to his children, who is kind and moral in character, and who demands right living. To this bishop, and presumably to these other authorities, this godfor whom ever~· tribe of blacks in Africa probably has a name-is the lingering on in the midst of degeneration of the Supreme Being of an original divine revelation. Yet, while all Africa acknowledges this high god, it pays him little respect or worship. The fetish is very near and immediately potent; need of its help is constant; it demands constant prayer, offering, propitiation. Nzambe is all powerful, omnipresent, but after all is nowhere very evident. Moreover, he gives constantly whether asked or not; he is a kindly being, who demands no bribes and is satisfied with very little. Why should a good god be worshipped? To an extraordinary degree, the African is religious. Spirits and unseen powers are far more real to him than to ourselves; he is constantly in touch with spiritual phenomena. A missionary visiting a native village with us on one occasion took the opportunity of preaching to the people. He gave a simple and direct message from the Almighty. The chief of the village was absent, but his headwife was present and gave careful attention to the discourse. She seemed, however, dissatisfied.· 'We asked what was the matter. She replied, speaking to the missionary: "Yes, white man, God speaks to us, he speaks to all of us. But, when he has a message for me, he speaks to me. He does not need to tell me through a white man." She was not criticizing, nor cavilling, nor denying the truth which he had uttered; she was merely stating the simplest of facts, tha,t she knew and talked with Nzambe; that she and all her people believe they can commune with their God.

Such are the black African's ideas of God. Unquestionably the fetish is overwhelmingly the most important object of native worship; next in importance is the respect and worship shown to ancestral spirits; behind nnd under all is the recogniHon of and communion with Nzambe–maker, giver, father.

Pocket Testament In Military

BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS I T was my first night at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. Eagerly the young men of the Southland listened to the story of experiences with the Word of God in the British Military Camps, and then to the message about the crucified and risen Redeemer. In response to the appeal to join the Pocket Testament IJeague and make definite decision for Christ, 158 men joined the League, one-third of whom were already Christians. Anoth~r third declared their acceptance of Christ that night; while the others were not ready to profess their faith in the Son of God.

After the meeting we were talking with a dozen men who had volunteered to become leaders of little groups for Bible reading and prayer and Christian work. One man was telling how eight mule- drivers had agreed a day or two before to give u'p swearing.. One of the group said facetiously: "I thought it was impossible to drive a mule without swearing." Another man answered at once: "No, it is not; I have driven mules all my life, and I don't swear."

Among the men who joined the League the second night at Camp Beauregard was a handsome ser- geant. His decision card showed that he had made "the great sur- render." He said that his mother had been dead two years; but that his little twelve-year-old sister had been asking him to make this de- CISIOn. He added: "Not only my sister, but two of my comrades have been urging me to take this step. !

My sister had been reading about tlle Leazue and had written asking whether the League workers had been to my camp. I expect to write her tonight and tell her what I have done."

Night after night for more than a month we have had the privilege of touring American'

Military Camps, preaching Christ to the men, and presenting the AN INCIDENT IN CAMP.

Little J~eague Testaments to Indian soldier challenging a comrade to produce those who have agreed to his League Testament.

carry them with them, and to make it a rule to read one or more chapters daily. The prayers of God's people have been answered and in every service there have been professed conversions. The American soldiers enlist in the L€ague just as readily as do their cousins in the military camps of Great Britain.

As the result of the first month's campaign, with my associate and pianist, Philip E. Howard, Jr., 5,238 soldiers enrolled in tile Pocket Testament League, and 1,529 have signified on their League cards their enlistment in the service of the King of Kings.

The men who enroll in the League represent all classes and conditions and creeds-university graduates and men scarcely able to read and write; professional men and day laborers; Americans and those. born in many foreign lands; Indians, Mexicans, Swedes, Russians, Austrians, Italians, Poles and Swiss; Jews, CathOlics, Protestants, Atheists, Christian Scientists and Mormons.

A SERVICE FOR INDIAN SOLDIERS AND COLORED TROOPS At one camp there was a company composed almost entirely of American Indian soldiers. Through the kindness of the lieutenant and the Indian first-sergeant, arrangements were made for us to ad- dress the entire company in their mess-hall and a very inspiring gather- ing it was of reverent, attentive, real American soldiers. Their re- sponse was greater than had been anticipated, and nearly all of the Indians asked for the Testaments. A number of them declared their intention of forming little groups for Bible study and prayer, and the next day it was found that eight of them had decided for Christ when they had received the Testaments.

At one of our meetings for colored troops in the Y. M. C. k tent every seat was taken, and more were standing than were sitting. When the appeal was made for decision a marvelous scene followed. In a few moments probably more than one hundred men were on their feet.

A week later the Y. M. C. A. secretary wired that more thau three hun- dred men joined the IJeague that night, and that one Imndred and twentv-two had made profession of faith, and the work was sti11 going -~-·-".,r-I'''''Wi forward. .

In the miUtary hospital at Camp McArthur-men from Michigan and Wisconsin-a little group of Y. 11. C. A. leaders went from ward to wnrrl !.riving Testaments to those who enlisted. Dr. Robert E. Jarvis, the Y. M. C. A. Reli!.riolls Director of the Camp. whispered as he wa!'! lpaving that he had had blessed cases of surrpnoer. One man said: "That's the first time I ever had a Testament." H.e told me how he had been brought up in a godless home, where he had never seen a ('onv of Goo's Word. and where thev never went to church. He told ho~ he had bllried his father and mother and brother: and at twentyfive years of age had scarcely henrd the gospel until he attendeil meetings in the camp.

THE POCKET TESTAMENT IN MILITARY CAMPS

After a meeting with the ambulance corps of the regular army near the Jfexican border a conference was held with a number of the men who were endeavoring to establish little groups of soldiers for daily Bible reading and prayer.

At the close one of the group leaders, who had that night declared his acceptance of Christ, told me his story: "My father had been a drunkard for as long as I can remember. I went to work when very young and helped to support my mother and sisters. At length 1 became a fireman on a locomotive and was earning good wages. One night 1 returned home and gave my mother money for clothes for my sisters. Then my father came in and demanded ten dollars for mOre whiskey. He threatened to shoot me unless I gave it to him, and finally drove me from home at the muzzle of a gun. Then i joined the Army.

I have a sweet girl and I feel sure that 1 will get back from Francepart of me at least-and marry the young lady. I feel sure that 1 can get together a group of men to read our Testaments and one man has told me we could use his cot for the gathering."

The day after a meeting at the Y. M. C. A. building 1 was standing near the connter when a soldier came up with smiling face and exclaimed: "I am certainly glad 1 came to the meeting last night. I'll remember it as lon~ as I Bve. That little book has already done me a worlfi of good. Today 1 have been reading all about Mary and Martha an,l Lar-arnR, and tomorrow I want to learn ahout some more of them. I've got it right here," he exclaimed, placing his hano over his breast pocket. The !'1u('reRS of the Pocket Testament work is due to the fact that thollRnnfi!'1 of pf'op]e are praying for the work in the camns. and God (111.'11('~r.'1 f)rrtlfPrs today as tn,zy as in the daml of old. Will you not link your prayers with those of others for Godls blessinq ll}Jon the worker.'! lOho tOllr the American militan, CarJ1·f)8 vreachinrt Christ, and (fi1,ina the men the li1Jina word of the livinq God'!

THE POOKE'r TESTAMENT LEAGUE Some years ago, Miss Cadbury, a young school girl in Birmingham, England, decided to carry a Testament always in her pocket, so that she could quote from it anywhere and at anytime. Another girl began to do the same thing; then another and another. Thus was started the Pocket Testament League. Later it was found that the League was not confined to young girls, but had extended to all sort sof men. In 1908, when Miss Cadbury had be- come Mrs. Charles M. Alexander, the Pocket Testament League was formally launched by Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. Alexander, to lead people to read regularly at least one chapter each day. The movement has since spread to all parts of the earth, and among the distinguished Americans who have hecome members are President Wilson, Secretary Robert LaLnesaignug~ Josephus Daniels, Champ Clark, Henry Ford and John Wanamaker. work was introduced among the soldiers in September, 1914, and has been carried on continuously in the British Army, resulting in more than 365,000 soldiers being enrolled as members. When the United States entered the war, a com- mittee of business men was formed to conduct a campaign among soldiers and sailors and thousands of men have joined the League.

Responsibility of Christian Leaders

International Relations* BY REV. SIDNEY L. GULICK, D. D., NEW YORK.

Formerly a Missionary of the American Board in Japan.

EARLY in December it was my privilege to spend three days at Camp Upton. I saw a small section of the mighty army being welded into shape through efficient organization and thorough- going discipline, in order that the United States may make its effective contribution to the establishment of world peace. I saw also one sec- tion of that remarkable organized drive of Christians to establish right, moral and spiritual conditions in and around the camps-the Young Men's Christian As:sodation secretaries and their "huts" aI~d the Young vVomen's Christian Association "Hostess House."

The moral of it all to me was this: To accomplish anything important in national and international affairs, vast cooperative, organized effort is essential. Efficiency in any lar,ge movement depends upon effective cooperation.

If, then, international relations are to be controlled by Christian ideals and Christian ethics, it is evident that Christians must needs adopt the same methods for efficiency in grappling with these problems.

Consider our relations with Japan. I recently had a conversa· tion with a Lieutenant Colonel, a Colonel and a Brigadier General of the United States Army. Each of these army officials believes that in the summer of 1913 America and Japan were on the brink of war. They had accepted as literally true the cablegrams stating that a mob of 20,000 was surging through the streets of Tokyo clamoring for war with America-a cablegram that waEl nevertheless false. They had not heard that at the very time when the American army was mobilizing in Manila, Count Okuma, in conference "vith a group of Japanese or editors, educators, members of the diet and a few Christians, insisted with strong emphasis that there was only one way solving the American-Japanese problem: not by diplomacy, by retaliatory legislation, b~T war or threats of war, but only by an aPIJCal to the Christians of America to apply to this problem the prinoi,Jles of Ohristianity.

Those Ameriean military officers apparently did not know tbat three political parties in .Tapan sent their strongest leaders to America at that iunrture to study the canse of American-Japanese irritation, to counril with Jananese in Amerira ana to take back to Japan light for th~ g'tIidanrp of .Tapanese politics.

But how slight haw heen the efforts of American Christians to respond to Viscount Okuma's remarkahle appeal, even in so simple a * [From an address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Garden City. L. I., Janu· ary 17, 1918.]

CHRISTIAN LEADERS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

matter as reporting it to tIle cllUrches and Christians of America. How many of our ~5,OOO,OOO Protestant Ohurch members ever heard of it? Yet all know that California passed an Anti-Alien Land Law; and that the Japanese Government lodged formal protest on the grounds of its being a violation of treaty pledges. Millions of Americans still believe that ultimately war with Japan is certain.

Surely these matters of American-Japanese relations have not been so trivial as to be unworthy of serious attention by Ohristians. Yet few Bible classes, Brotherhoods and Women's Home and .B'oreign Mission study groups have given the question any study. These groups devote weeks, even months to the study of moral and religious conditions in other lands. Surely the practical problems of the Kingdom of God and particularly the duty of American Christians in regard to treaty relations and obligations between America and Japan are matters worthy of serious study by every American Christian.

Oonsider also our relations with China. Thirty years ago the Scott Act was passed. Senator Sherman said that it was "one of the most vicious laws that have passed in my time in Congress." Senator Dawes characterized it as "a rank unblushing repudiation of every treaty obligation * * * unwarranted by any existing danger -a violation such as the United States would not dare to commit toward any warlike nation of Europe." The Geary law, even more unreasonable and drastic, was passed in 1892. After repeated and dignified, -but utterly futile protests from the Chinese Government, the Ohinese minister in his final protest, said it was "a violation of every principle of justice, equity, reason and fair dealing between two friendly powers."

Judge Field of the United States Supreme Court, who pronounced the judgment of the court on a test case in regard to the constitutional validity of the Scott Act, said: "It must be conceded that the Act of 1888 is in contravention of the treaty of 1868 and of the supplemental treaty of 1880, but it is not on that account invalid … … … It (a treaty) can be deemed * … * only the equivalent of a legislative act, to be repealed or modified at the pleasure of Oongress * * … It is the last expression of sovereign will." But a little further on he added: "This court is not a censor of the morals of the other departments of government."

By this judgment of the Supreme Oourt treaties were declared to have no binding power on Congress. The Supreme .Court declined to regard the moral issue involved as having any bearing upon its duty. Those treaties with Ohina still stand as binding and those laws contravening the treaties still stand among our statutes. Disappointing though this position may be to lovers of international good faith, it is no doubt good law, though it is certainly bad morals. It illustrates afresh tbe well-known principle that moral issues cannot be safeguarded by laws. TIle moral obJigations of our nation can be safe-

guarded only by the people themselves. vVe must know what is going on, and must hold our representatives in Congress to their moral responsibilities in international a~airs. This, however, is a matter of moral energy-not of statute law. * * * Why have American Christians allowed such a situation to devel· op? First, there is the tremendous crush of multitudinous duties abo sorbing tlle time and energy of every effective leader in all our churches. Good people are completely preoccupied with their many good workt5. They desire, indeed, to have wrongs righted and the crooked made straight; tlley hold the Ohristian ideals for a brotherhood of nations; but they feel that they have not the time themselves to join or support any new movement to grapple with these problems.

In time of war, to be sure, all plans are upset and men, even Ohristians, must take time for new matters. Christians are now paying the penalty of past failure. Had the Ohristians of each Ohristian land between 1880 and 1910 devoted one one-hundredth part of the time and thought and energy and money to the establishment of righteous and just international' relations that they must now devote to the winning of the war, would tbis tragedy have come? Will Christians devote the needed energy soon enough and widely enough to prevent war with the yellow races? If they do not, they will be forced to lavish their time and their treasure when the war actually comes. The second cause for the American Asiatic situation, and indeed for lhe entire world tragedy, is perhaps even more fundamental. Christians have not regarded it as a part of their duty to Ohristianize international policies and legislation. We have left these matters to our diplomats and legislators. Tbese policies have been dominatpd by economic, nationalistic and dynastic interests, regardless of the moral ideals.

A CONCRE'I'E PROGRAM ~'OR ~'HE CHURCH Even the leaders of our churches have not suspected that they had duties in regard to these international matters. Ohristianizing the political relations of peoples has not been a part of the concrete pro- gram of the Church. Salvation and the Kingdom of God and His Christ have been regarded as individualistic matters, not national and international. This is a vital defect. It should be promptly reme- died. The churches should grasp and preach the full gospel p£ the Kingdom. The concrete program of the churches should include this new task, so vast and so vastly important. .

The first responsibility of American Christians is for America's own international relations, attitude and policies. What response, therefore, I may ask in illustration, are the churches and Ohristians of America making to the persistent propaganda in regard to the Yel- low PeriI,carried on unceasingly by a certain powerful and con-

CHRISTIAN LEADERS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

scienceless syndicate of news agencies, read by the masses of our nation: A two-column editorial, for instance, in one of these papers of January 5, 1918, makes an attack on Japan. After speaking of Japan's plan to annex Siberia and Ohina, we find these sentences: "* * * The *gre*at *problem with which the white races have to conflict of the white race with the yellow races deal is the inevitable for the dominion of the world." "Is it not time that the white nations settled their quarrels among themselves and made preparations to meet their one real danger, the menace to Christianity (sic), to Occidental standards and ideals, to the white man's civilization, which the constantly growing power and aggression of the yellow races continually and increasingly threaten ?"

This is poison injected into the veins of the American nation.

For this disease of white-race megalomania and lust for world supremacy there is only one effective antitoxin-the full Gospel of Jesus Ohrist. This poison, left to work, will create the very world catastrophe which the editorial so graphically describes. But the time to inject the antitoxin is before the poison takes effect. Here is a mighty challenge to the churches, a cllallenge which calls not only for thinking, but particularly for action. * * * Now if this change of heart is to come to our nation; definite individuals will experience it and give it expression. They will become the instruments of God's Spirit to transmit to the whole people that burning of heart, that conviction of national sin and that earnestness of national repentance which are essential. This is the special privilege and opportunity of Christians. They should be agents of God's will in international affairs. If Ohristians do not hear God's voice on these matters, who will?

These are times of special opportunity. The ears and eyes of the people are open as never before, their consciences are sensitive to the wrongs of the past and the duties of the present. What we now need is effective leadership to direct the thinking, to focus the attention and to organize for action the will of the millions who really desire international justiCe and goodwill. * * * The leaders for the new era must be men that are at heart Christian. And to lead the churches they must be men already filling positions of trust and responsibility in the churches.

To be very specific and definite, the leaders of our churches for Ohristian internationalism must be the pastors in our churches, large and small, the professors in our theological schools, and specially the secretaries and officials of Home and Foreign Mission Boards and Societies. These men are already burdened, it is true, with duties and responsibilities many and grave. Yet, if the world is to be saved, if the Kingdom of God is to come in international affairs these are the men through whom it must come under the leadership of the living Christ.

On you-Brothers-rests in a peculiar way this tremendous responsibility. To you comes this splendid opportunity. You are the

chosen guides of the churches which you serve. You direct their policies and activities. You have special opportunity to know these international affairs. It is your assigned duty to study with greatest care every factor that affects both the Christian life of our own land and the most effective methods for sending of the Christian gospel to non- Christian peoples. The churches confine in your judgments, study the books you suggest, devote their time to activities that you think desirable.

War with Japan would completely destroy the infant Church of that land. Its re·establishment after a war would be impossible for many, many decades. The success of Christian work in China increasingly depends on the treatment we give to Chinese in America. Before many decades pass a new China will begin to require of us the same rights and treatment that Japan is now requiring. Un- Christian laws in America may in time seriously hamper Christian work in China. Chrrist'ianizing Arnerica)s laW's and policies dealing with non-Christian lands is therefore a vital and integral part of the full missionary program of the churches.

Japanese editors have been asking in leading editorials why America sends missionaries to their land and why American missionaries in Japan do not return to America and teach Americans to be Christian? How soon will Chinese editors begin to ask the same questions? * * * LET AMERIOAN OHUROHES AWAKE!

Allow me now to be somewhat personal. It is four years since the American Board released me for the specific task of speaking on American Oriental relations. The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America has given me opportunity to travel and speak far and wide. Many national denominational gatherings and local ministers' meetings have been attended. To present these matters of such vast importance to the Kingdom of God. the time commonly allotted has been from five to ten minutes. Chambers of Commerce and Rotary Clubs grant from 20 to 30 minutes and forums from 45 to 60 minutes.

The churches of America are not awake to the problems of international justice. Its bearings on :missions or even on world peace they do not see. Weare fighting to compel Germany to give justice to Belgium and France, Servia, Roumania and Russia. Turkey must give justice to Armenians. We are fighting, and must continue to fight Germany, until these enormous wrongs are righted. But we shall be stronger for that conflict if we make sure that we ourselves are absolutely fair iu all uUl' oriental relationships.

Now if the things I am saying about our dealings with China and Japan are true, the churches ought to hear them. If they are not true, I ought not to say them. If my contentions and proposals are

CHRISTIAN LEADERS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

mistaken and unwise, I wish to know it. I would gladly return at once to Japan for the work for which I have been preparing for thirty years, to preach to Japanese the unsearchable riches of Ohrist.

What now is to be done? Is it possible to awaken the churches and secure appropriate action? I believe it is, if the Missionary Boards and Societies will give the matter the needed time and thought, and will take the needed steps. The foreign missionary work of the churches should not be in the least degree relaxed. But there should be a readjustment of perspective and of emphasis. A definite program should be worked out in which all the churches may unite for dealing with this matter. How often would the Lord say to us "These things ought ye to have done, and not to lJave left the others undone."

~What, then, are the steps which may wisely be taken? I venture four suggestions: First. May not the Foreign Missions Oonference direct the Oommittee on Reference and Oouncil to take up this matter, or appoint a special Oommittee on International Friendship? Let that committee examine the statements that I am making and the literature that I am using, to assure itself of the validity of the contention, for )nstance, that America is not now keeping its treaties with Ohina. Let it con· sider whether or not the proposals I have been making for solving these problems are sound and wise.

Second. Let this committee examine the course of study on Ohris-, tian Internationalism offered to the churches by the World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship Through the Ohurches.

Third. Let this committee recommend to each Foreign Mission Board in the United States the imperative need of getting these matters promptly before its constituency. They vitally affect the success of foreign missions and should therefore be made the subject of study by mission study groups and adult Bible classes in every church in the United States. PrOoper recOommendation Oof these COourses by the recognized church leaders can secure such study. Every missionary magazine and denominational publication, moreover, should devote sufficient space and emphasis to these matters. Every Christian in America should see something informing and COonvincing. He should be prepared to take his part in the great drive to set matters right. Some such campaign as this is the Oonly effective autitoxin to yellow peril poison.

The demons of national selfishness and race pride and prejudice can be cast out only by faith and prayer. The establishment of world peace through world justice can be achieved only by an adequate moral movement of millions Oof morally-minded men and women.

Fourth. Since Ohurches and Missionary Boards and Societies as smcll cannOot go into politics, some other methOod must be fOound for dOoing what needs to be dOone POolitically. We need some central agency by which millions of Ohristians can act tOogether to support President

Wilson's proposals for a I~eague of Nations, and to set right our relations with Ohina and Japan. The American Branch of the '''World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship Through the Ohurches" offers itself for this service. Let the committee of this Oonference, therefore, examine carefully the spirit, objectives, organization and personnel of this branch of the ·World Alliance.

The World Alliance for International Friendship does not ask for financial aid. It does ask for your constructive thought and for the support of your moral and spiritual energy. We ask your aid in passing on to millions of Ohristians who look to you for guidance and to whom you have unique access, that knowledge of the international situation, for lack of which knowledge the nation is today in so serious a plight. We ask for that co-operative action which is essential to the embodiment of Ohristian ethics in America's international relations.

It is not the desire of this movement to build up a vast organization, with state and local branches, all distinct from and competing more or less with the other Ohristian movements and activities in our churches. We desire rather that the principles and programs for making Ohristian ethics dominant in international affairs shall become matters of study and co-operation on the part of all the groups and societies now existing within the churches.

Individuals, or even large denominations, isolated, each doing what is thought desirable, at its own chosen time, can never do what needs to he done. Even well organized regiments, each acting indenendently, cannot win campaigns. This great war is teaching the imperative necessity of vast unified co-operation.

The great moral and sniritual laws of the universe apply to men hoth ::IS nations and as individuals. "Not everv one that saith unto me. 'Lord. 1jord,' shall enter into the King-dom of Heaven. hut he that doeth the will of my Father who is in Heaven." This is a practical admonition to denomin::ltions and to our entire nation as well a:;l to iniliviilual Ohristians.

We need to ask ourselves whether the real weakness of the missionary movement is so much the inadequate supply of missionaries and of funds, as the absence in the church of an overmastering moral passion for the establishment of justice, mercy, and brotherhood.

If the church would believe utterly in the reign of God, in His purpose of love to all mankind, and in the universal obligation of the Christian ideal of brotherhood, it would at a bound take a foremost and unquestioned place among the living and creative forces of the world.-J. H. Oldham.

® @ ~"._.B…..E…."S…~T.UVMU"E"T"bHWO"'D''S'_ ".~O

Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK} Richmond, Virginia.

Secretary of the Committee on Methods of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards MISSIONARY EDUCATION T~ROUGH EAR-GATE.

"HOW long have you known it?" lives in all the glory and strength of said a man in heathen dark- their youth to the greatest task that ever made bid for young manhood and ness to the missionary who came with young womanhood; boys and girls who the story of salvation. are having their ideas and ideals of life shaped without hearing aught of "All of my life," was the answer. the supreme service to which Christ With impassioned accusation the has called His Church and of the heman, who had grown old in the wor- roic courage with which great men and ship of false gods, cried out; "Then, women have answered thal call. why didn't you tell me sooner? My life is almost over now. If I had only How shall they hear? known such a God as this I would have served Him all the days of my life." TALKING MISSIONS * "Why didn't you*mak*e that address M ORE influential in molding .pub- lic sentiment than are platyears ago?" said a woman to a speaker form utterances or printed resoat a great missionary mass meeting lutions of allegiance to the Cause last year. "If my daughter had only is spontaneous daily conversation. heard an address like that when she When the fulness of our hearts was a girl! She has given her life expresses itself without any effort, to other work now, but if she had ever when missions naturally becomes the heard there were such opportunities main theme of our daily conversafor women on the mission fields she tion, no protestations of devotion are would without doubt have chosen that necessary to prove our loyalty to that service." cause. When missions just as natur- ally and unconsciously become a theme Along with the accusations of those fer tr'onthly, quarterly or annual disin heathen darkness who have given cussion only, according to due antheir lives to the service of false gods nouncement, and the subj ect is not on because we have never told them of our lips between these designated the only true God, comes also the accu- days and hours, we may boast, or prosation of many who know the Lord test, or deprecate, but no case of real but who have never heard of the great devotion can be proven. We talk needs and matchless opportunities of about the things in which we are the mission fields of the world, and of really interested, and we interest peothe joy of missionary service. Women ple in the things about which we there are, women of wonderful spontaneously talk. Let us talk misdower, who are devoting their lives to sions. Let us recognize the value of things of little worth because they plain, everyday conversation as a have never heard of the greatest work method of missionary work. If women in the world; men who are giving great as they met together talked of the gifts of self and substance to things great things that are being done and that are of only passing value, because that need to be in the missionary they have not heard of the possibilities work; if men in hotel lobbies, of enduring investments in life and in at the street corners, m their money on the mission fields; young people who would have given their

places of business spoke of the re~ home of Lady Patteson, talked mis- sions with his arm around her little cent wonderful mass movements in son "Coley." No wonder John Cole- ridge Patteson followed the drift of India, of the marvelous changes in that conversation until it led him to the South Sea Islands. A furloughed the new China, of the great possibili- missionary walked home with a little girl from Sunday-school and talked ties in Japan, of the stupendous home with her about being a missionary. Today that little girl is reaching hunmission problems in America, and the dreds of the girls of Japan with the message of the Saviour's love.. unparalleled opportunities for Chris- *** tian stewards today in world-wide "I may not be a missionary myself," evangelization; if children as they said a fine high school boy to the Mis- sion Secretary, who had thought it played, gathered sometimes in groups worth while to talk to a boy about how he could make his life count for most, eagerly to discuss, as some children "but I have decided that if I do not go myself I will support a missionary." have done, the work they were doing Entertaining missionary guests is a good investment for homes in which for the children of the world; then real missionary returns are desired.

indeed would the contagion of mis- *** sionary interest soon be spread broad- A guest sat at the table in the home of a Florida jUdge. She noticed an cast. . extra plate was laid. The next day a missionary visitor came and was Table Talk in Our Homes given that plate. When the visitor went away the extra plate was laid SOME home makers seem to know again. Then the hostess explained just how to give a constant mis- that ever since she had had a home sionary flavor to the conversation in she had always laid an extra plate their homes. Without announcing the which she called the Lord's plate, besubject on which. they are about to cause she so longed to have in her speak, without forcing an entrance for home the messengers of the Cross, their theme, without pious cant or who were doing the Lord's work. Phariseeism, they just naturally talk Gradually it became known that she of missions. The discussion of ath- was always ready to entertain the letics seems to invite the recital of missionary workers who came, and she some incident in the life of one of the testified that rich blessing had come many missionaries who were famous to her home through their conversaathletes. Report of advance in school tions, their example and their prayers. or college leads on to some wonderful new educational plans for China, *** or India, or Japan, or to the remarkable progress of Oriental students in The Jubilee story told by Mrs. America. Noone feels that any for- Montgomery of one girl who could eign theme is being dragged into the not go to the foreign field, but who conversation and that the speaker is talked missions at home is worthy of now performing an unpleasant duty. several re-tellings: *** "She was just an ordinary girl of moderate gifts, living in an ordinary A young minister who was gradu- home in modest circumstances, and beated from a church college and from longing to the plain variety of church a theological seminary said the spon- in the ordinary condition of tepid contaneous interest and the intense earn- victions on missionary matters that estness of the daily missionary conversations in a home in which he was a frequent guest interested him more deeply and personally in missions than did anything in his college or theological course. Let us talk missions in our homes. Let us entertain in our homes people who talk missions, so that our children may hear what great things God has wrought.

Bishop Selwyn, as a guest in the

BEST METHODS

seem to characterize the common type. portunity. Welcome the year whose What this girl did, any of us could do, calendar numbers fifty-two missionary if we tried. Sundays. We are coming into the day when pastors, who preach at Christ- "When she found that she could not mas-tide of the "glad tidings of great be a foreign missionary she tried to joy," do not wait for a special missee what she could do to help at home. sionary service to suggest "Which She went to her pastor and got a list shall be to all people." Coupled natof all the women and girls in the urally with the Easter message, "He church, with their addresses. There is risen," is the Easter commission, were 350 of them, but only fifty-eight "Go and tel!." An earnest missionary belonged to the Missionary Society. spirit can scarcely teach the lesson of After districting the city and marking our Lord's ascension without some the addresses of every non-member by reference to the last commission on a pin in the map, she began her seIf- His heart, on His lips, before He went imposed task of calling on everyone away into heaven. When preachers of them. Before the year was over and teachers ·faithfully and constantly she had made more than a thousand present the missionary interpretation calls, had added about 300 members of the Bible, then will cease the feelto the society and raised the contribu- ing of church members that missiontions from less than $200 to $1,200. ary zeal is an optional attachment of Christianity, which may be screwed "When the girl was asked to tell on periodically or left off permanentabout this in a meeting in her home ly, if not considered desirable. city she was very unwilling to do so, but her shy, simple telling of the story The missionary association of some will never be forgotten by those who passages of Scripture may also come heard her. In reply to a question to mean much. Following the Twentyfrom the audience, how she alone had third Psalm, as it is repeated in Sunbeen able to do so much, she gave a day-school, with John 1O:16-"Other recipe for Christian work that it would sheep I have, which are not of this be hard to surpass: fold; them also I must bring and they shall hear My voice and there shall "'I didn't know very much,' she be one fold and one shepherd," gives said, 'so I studied a good deal that I that Psalm a meaning that extends far might have the facts to present. I beyond the personal pronoun on knew that I did not have much tact, so which we have dwelt. Psalm 62 :5-8, I prayed that God would teach me which the relief party, sent to find what to say, and prepare the hearts Captain Allen Gardiner, saw painted of those to whom I went. I took leaf- on a rock in Terra del Fuego; Jerelets and literature to leave with them miah 45 :5, the verse which made a so that they might know, too. I never missionary instead of a lawyer of scolded, and I always spoke of the Henry Martyn; Psalm 107 :14, the love of Jesus.' verse through which Hans Egede tri- umphed when great icebergs sur- "Study, prayer, information, good rounded his ship, "The Hope" ; Psalm cheer, no faultfinding and the love 121, with which David Livingstone of Jesus; could anything be better?" faced Africa; these are among the many passages which should have INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE precious missionary associations to every Sunday-school scholar. G ONE, let us hope, are the days when the whole missionary ef- MISSIONARY HYMNS fort of the pUlpit was stored for oncea-year delivery in the "annual mis- H YMNS are not only an expressionary sermon." May the same by- sion of our spiritual life in praise gone times rest the days when Sun- and prayer, but are also a factor in day-school teachers felt they must wait until the quarterly missionary lesson for any missionary teaching op-

molding that life. The general state Missionary hymns should be seof missionary zeal in the 17th century lected and studied as carefully as any is not only expressed but in a measure other part of the program. The freexplained by some of the hymns sung quency with which "Take my life and in the churches that day, one of which let it be" is announced, "omitting the breathes this sentiment: fourth stanza," and "0 Zion, Haste," "omitting the third stanza," suggests "Go into all the world, the Lord of old that many leaders do not devote much did say. study to the meaning of the hymns to be sung. Now where He hath placed thee, There He would have thee stay."

Small wonder that volunteers for THE INFLUENCE OF MISSIONARY missionary service did not pour forth from churches in which this was a STORIES favorite selection. On the other hand, a man who became an active supporter A MONG the oft-repeated words of missionary enterprise said that a that give us an insight into our Sunday-school he joined literally sang Master's teaching methods 'are these: missions into him. Let our Sunday- "And he spake to them a parable." schools and congregations hear mis- One of His favorite methods was by sionary hymns. Let those hymns be stories. G. Stanley Hall said, "Let thoughtfully selected to fit the occa- me tell the stories of a nation and I sion. Who can estimate the influence care not who writes the text books," of "Who follows in their train?" as and Kate Douglas Wiggin records those words have been sung by multi- that for power and influence she plied thousands of young people at would "rather be the children's storylife work meetings after their hearts teller than the queen's favorite or the have burned within them as they heard king's counsellor." Truly those who of the heroic sacrifice of great mis- tell missionary stories may equal in sionaries? On the other hand, the influence those who write mission effect of inappropriate hymns is just text books, and stand alongside the as pronounced. great missionary statesmen who are shaping the missionary attitude of na- One of the Secretaries of the Lay- tions. men's Missionary Movement testifies that harder to combat than the down- There are many times and places right opposition of his enemies, the in which missionary stories may find missionary critics, is the soothing min- a welcome, if good story-tellers will istry of his friends, the church choirs, busy themselves to seek out these who elect so frequently to· follow his times and places. The Sunday-school most impassioned appeals for greater offers splendid opportunities for misactivity in missionary work with sionary stories to be told in illustra- "Come Unto Me and I Will Give You tion of the lesson in class or occasion- Rest." There are missionary meet- ally to the whole school or department ings in which this beautiful hymn in five or ten minutes allowed for that would be appropriate, as for example, purpose. Wonders in story-telling after the story of Chundra Lela's long can be wrought in five-minute periods search for God and for peace; or it when speakers learn to get immediatewould be most effective following the ly to "Once upon a time" without lostelling of the perversion of this Scrip- ing a moment in regretting that the ture on the stone wall of that ancient "time allotted is so brief," and in outchurch in Cuzco, where the inscription lining what they would like to do if reads, "Come unto Mary, all ye that they only had more time. labor," etc., but it is not the selection to follow a stirring address proposing At children's and young people's great advance. meetings it is often possible to secure a really good story-teller to tell a mis- sionary story each week or each month. One professional story-teller

gladly consented to tell missionary Livingstone Stories. (See Livingstone stories for one week at a Chatauqua story hour. Often a suggestion and "Hero Stories," by Susan Mendenhall.) some material furnished are all that are needed to have missionary stories 6. How Pulling Teeth Opened Formosa included in the program ~or story hour at libraries and schools. Almost any to the Gospel. (See "Black Bearded Barchurch has young people who would become good story-tellers if they were barian," by Keith.) given the course provided in the mis- 7. A Japanese Boy Who Buried an sionary Summer Schools and Confer- Idol. (See page 224, "Missionary Pro~' grams and Incidents.") ences. The plan of an occasional mission- 8. Gingerbread or Missions? (See ary story hour on Sunday afternoons pages 127-129, "Missionary Programs and– has been successfully tried in some towns and cities. One woman who Incidents.") tried it writes: 9. When Tommy Was the Foreigner. "All the children of the city were invited to come to a missionary story (See page 15, "Missionary Program Mahour on Saturday afternoon in one of terial," by Anita B. Faris.) our large auditoriums. Clever newspaper notices had interested both par- 10. Tamate the Brave Missionary to ents and children for several days previous. The storv hour had also been New Guinea. (See page 74, "Missionary announced in the different Sunday Program Material.") Schools. The auditorium was packed with eager boys and girls and inter- 11. Two Thousand Miles for a Book. ested fathers and mothers here and there. There was no speechmaking, (See "International Graded Sunday School no tagging on of morals or of abstract precepts-just stories and stories, and Lessons," Junior Grade, Second Year, Part, then more stories, with some hymns IV., S. S. Times.) in between, directed by the musical 12. Marcus Whitman's Ride. (See director of city schools. The young listeners were thrilled by Livingstone's "Winning the Oregon Country," by John encounter with the lion and op.enly applauded Queen Kapiolani's defiance T. Faris.) of the fire g-oddess, Pelee. The hour passed on wings and there was an in- 13. On the Way to Hampton. (See sistent demand for more." "Up from Slavery," by Booker T. Wash- ington.) . Some Stories to Tell and Where to Find 14. In a Burmese Prison. (See "Ann of Them Ava," by E. D. Hubbard.) 1. How Digging a Well Broke the Back- Six Missionary Bible Stories hone of Heathenism. (See "Missionary Pro{lmms and Incidents," by George H. An Early Missionary to a Leper.-II Trull.) Kings,S.

2. Kapiolani Defies the Fire Goddess The Famine in Samaria.-II. Kings, 7. Pelee. (See "Missionary Programs and Jonah Refusing a Missionary Cal1.- lncidmlts.") Jonah. 'rhree Hebrews Who Would Not Bow 3. A World's Champion Cyclist Who Be- Down to an Idol of Gold.-Daniel, 3. came a Missionary. (See Ion Keith-Fal- The God That Answered by Fire.-I. coner in "Servants of the King,» by R. E. Kings, 18. Speer.) The Great Commission.-Matthew, 28.

4. An Iowa Girl's Sacrifice. (See Elea- ADDRESSES BY MISSIONARIES nor Chestnut in "Servants of the King," by R. E. Speer.) We are so accustomed to seeing this heading in all outlines on policies for 5. Livingstone and the Lion and Other missionary education that we pass it by with a friendly nod of recognition. As a matter of fact, we know that talks and addresses by missionaries are valuable and we vaguely plan to have them at some convenient season when some missionaries happen along, but few churches and Sunday-schools make definite arrangement for a num- ber of missionary addresses each year. Every board has missionaries on fur- lough and is glad to consider invita- tions for them to visit the churches. The missionary zeal of ma.ny cOligre- gations dates back to the visit and ad- dress of some missionary. Churches '.vhich have a large missionary pro- gram are usually those which add con- stant fuel to keep the fires of their

mi~sionary enthusiasm burning, by ar- nooks and niches. To this studio, ranging for as continuous a line of which was an object of interest and visitors from the field as possible. a social goal, she invited a group of Even after we have arranged for women for a Bible class. She reached an adequate presentation of missions in this way women who would never in our churches, we must recognize have been reached by meetings in the the fact that there are many who are church.

not going to come to the duly adver- *** tised "Usual Missionary Meeting" for An Unannounced Feature of a Re- their first installment in missionary in- ception.-A pastor's wife in West Vir- terest. How shall theJI hear? ginia had been greatly interested by a missionary address, heard by only a SUCCESSFULLY TRIED PLANS few women of her congregation. She Par lor M eetings.-Mohammed's said: "There are women in our method of dealing with the mountain church who have never heard of these which did not arise and come to him wonderful missionary opportunities, should have place in our methods of and who never will hear unless some- reaching people with missionary mes- thing out of the ordinary is done."

sages today. If the audience you wish With the squareJy set jaw of a firm to reach will not come to you, arise decision not to be denied she ap- and go to your audience. One of the proached the speaker who made that most active workers for the lepers of address. "You are to go with me to the world first heard the call to that a large reception this week and you work in a parlor meeting in her ,own are going to make a missionary talk home. At another meeting in a hotel there. So many of our women neVp.f parlor one of the great outstanding come to our meetings and they simply men on the foreign mission field spoke. must hear these things." To that re·· At the close of that meeting a woman ception the speaker went, trembling a present asked that the privilege of bit at the thought of the possible assuming his entire support in his mis- hidden resentment on the part of the sionary work might be hers. Some of seemingly gracious hostess and guests.

the most fruitful meetings at summer There was a polite lull in the general conferences have been parlor meet· conversation as she was led to a ings at hotels which reached guests, place in the doorway. The lull deep- many of whom did not get to the au- ened into an evident interest as she ditorium. Our plans "that they may . drew from her bag a string of beads hear" should go beyond the little cir- and began to tell the story of the wom- cle of the "faithful few," who attend an in Japan to whom those beads once the regular meetings. The woman belonged. Women who had never be- who is a great society leader might be- fore heard a missionary appeal come a great missionary leader if only listened that day with deep interest she heard a convincing call to that and earnestness to a call from the service; the man who is a business suc- women of Japan for the Christ who cess might become a missionary suc- has so enriched the lives of the women cess if he heard in as compelling a of America.

way 6f missionary opportunities; the Reaching High School Girls and young people who are the sparkle and BOJls.-Several years ago Robert E.

the life of society might become the Speer was in Columbia, South Caro- life of the Missionary Society if we lina, to deliver the Smith Lectures to could reach them with an adequate the Columbia Theological Seminary.

missionary message. A teacher in the city schools, who had A woman of wealth and culture and heard Mr. Speer, longed with all her social position had a charming studio, heart that the boys and girls of the made especially fascinating by the cu- High School might have the oppor- rios from many lands which filled its tunity of hearing him. She arranged

BEST

with the superintendent of city schools when she was eight years old, when to have Mr. Speer talk to the boys and she learned about the Isle of France girls at chapel. Into the auditorium and her teacher told the class of that marched the students-hundreds of beautiful young missionary, Harriet missionary possibilities. There was Newell, who never reached the field the silence that would have made to which she had consecrated her life, audible the dropping of the proverbial but was buried on this same Isle of pin, as Mr. Speer told of the Scotch France, which was in the geography lad who won the Oxford-Cambridge lesson. A mother who remembered bicycle race, who wrested the world's this as she was teaching her little boy bicycle championship from Keen, who a lesson on China decided to find out mastered shorthand so that he became whether missions would mix well with the authority for the Encyclopedia geography in the school to which her Britannica, who conquered Arabic until boy went. She called at the schoolhe was recognized as one of the best room that day with a number of cu- Arabic scholars in the world, who had rios she had, illustrative of some of wealth and position, but who put be- the manners and customs of the Chifore all these things the call to carry nese people, The teacher asked her Jesus Christ to the needy Mohammed- to tell the boys and girls about these ans of Arabia and who consecrated things during the lesson. With keenal of his magnificent talents to this est interest and delight, the small auservice. Not a boy or a girl, not a ditors looked and listened while China teacher or a visitor who heard can ceased to be a page in a geography and ever forget the matchless challenge to became a real place. A Chinese idol heroic living and heroic dying in the naturally introduced the religions of story of Ion Keith-Falconer. China with a missionary message. A teacher of another grade, overhearing *** part of the talk, came in with a plea that it be repeated in her room, after A Never "Dry" Theme.-The Mis- that, in yet another room. Workers, sionary Union of Williamsport, Pa., who are really interested in having our secured from the Superintendent of boys and girls hear, can often arrange the High School an invitation for one that returned missionaries visit schools of their speakers to make a talk to the during geography and history classes. students. When the speaker was graciously introduced by the superin- College O*ppor*tuni*ties.-In our coltendent as a missionary speaker the bright faces of the hundreds of boys leges and universities are thousands and girls evidenced an inward groan of young men and young women who of patient endurance. The spea,ker decide the question of their life work told the story of John G. Paton and without ever having heard the call of the digging of his well in the New the mission field presented. A young Hebrides. The keen after-comments medical student took his degree some of one boy suggest the possibilities of years ago. . He decided to begin his missionary stories at High School practice in a beautiful little town in chapel exercises. He said: "Of course Virginia, famed as a health resort. we thought the missionary lady would The signs over several offices gave tesbe dryas sticks, but -you bet there timony to the fact that an adequate was nothing dry about her. How number of physicians were on the cold she be dry when she struck a ground before he arrived. He hung whole well of water before she fin- out his sign also among the others and ished?" waited. As the call-less days went by he became desperate.. "If people dis- *** cern," reasoned he with himself, "that no patients are coming, then none will Mixed With Geography and His- come." Then he resorted to what, in tory.-It is well for us to remember that Eliza Agnew never forgot the 'geography lesson she had that day,

these days, is charitably called camou- butterfly of society. Possibly she was.

flage. Down the steps he dashed, Possibly no one had ever told her be- mounted his horse in seeming haste fore of such investments. There are and galloped off at full speed into the many people of wealth in our churches country, hoping thereby to disarm the who have never heard of the wonder- minds of the populace of any lurking ful investments which are possible on suspicion as to the lack of demand for the mission field. They also may rise his professional services. This done, up to accuse, if we do not tell them, he galloped back again. Day after day or to bless, if we do. Let us rid our- he went through the pathetic deception. selves forever of any thought of beg- He thought it was so everywhere, and ging for missions, but let us feel more that all young doctors had to wait for deeply the responsibility and the honor patients to -come. He had never heard given to us of presenting God's work of any place where doctors were more to God's stewards.

in demand. *** Another young doctor completed his A stenographer, whose income was course and sailed for Africa as a medi- $50.00 a month, was told that $60.00 cal missionary. Within fifteen min- a year would support a Bible woman utes after he landed he performed his in Japan. She adjusted her living so first major operation. His patients that she could save $5.00 a month and were lined up waiting for the arrival assumed the support of a Japanese of his steamer. In a short time he had Bible woman. Many others would charge of a hospital, and the measure have followed her example if they had of his own daily strength was the only heard. A little boy into whose hands limit to the number of patients he few coins came heard the call from could relieve each day. He had heard the starving children of Armenia pre- of the opportunity for medical men sented. With quiet determination, that in Africa before he decided his lo- involved more of sacrifice than have cation. If some one had presented to many larger gifts, he sent all of his the medical students of the other doc- quarter to the Armenian-Syrian Relief tor's class such an opportunity, he Fund. Multiplied thousands of Amer- might have put his life where the need ican boys and girls would have done was greater. One Board Secretary se- the same thing if they had been told cured for China one of the most bril- in the same way, but they have not liant of recent college graduates who heard.

had never given foreign missions a *** serious thought in connection with her A man was told of the opportunity own life work. When she heard the to support a mission station in Korea.

unparalleled opportunity in training In response he assumed the whole the college women of the New China financial cost of that entire station.

definitely presented she could not with- There are other men of just as great hold her life from that service. wealth who might do likewise if they Let Capitalists Hear had heard.

*** "Thank you so much for telling me On the one hand are the millions who about this opportunity," said a woman have never heard of the only Saviour as she handed a check to the secretary of the world; on the other hand, mil- who had presented a missionary op- lions who have never heard the call portunity to her. "I am so glad to for money and for lives to be poured have a chance at a good investment out in the greatest task ever given by like that." God to man. Between them we stand.

A friend standing by gasped. She Let us stand with the determination had thought that woman was just a that they shall hear.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, Montclair, N. J.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE those who were not privileged to hear them presented. Only extracts can T HE Federation of Women's be quoted here, chosen with reference Boards of Foreign Mis~ions of to plans for the future rather than North America holds its annual recital of past successes. meeting on the day following the Garden City Conference. There- CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR fore on January 18th, delegates WOMEN AND CHILDREN representing all denominations and many sections of the United States as A s in so many other causes war conwell as Canada gathered in the Cen- ditions have compelled your Comtral Presbyterian Church of New mittee to move forward cautiously and York City for three sessions of great with serious hindrance, so far as makinterest and importance. There was ing large and aggressive plans are concomfort in the thought that the task of preparing a constitution and by- cerned. * * * laws and of organizing committees was completed. and that great ad- Plans are maturing for a student vance steps might now be taken. magazine in India, as soon as war conditions make such a venture ad- The President, Mrs. James· H. visable. This will be published in Moore of Chicago, imparted in her English and translated by various presiding and in her report of the ex- Boards in the vernacular adapted to ecutive committee a spirit of courage their people, the repr.inting and ediand optimism that made every woman torial work being done on mission present eager to meet the enlarging presses and by voluntary editors. For opportunity of 'federated work. for the salary of the editor-in-chief a submissions. sidy of $300 has been promised from the treasury of your Committee when- A delightful feature was the lunch- ever called for. This step will be taken eon served at noon where several mis- by the National Christian Literature sionaries and Mrs. Montgomery told Society of India, for in this as in all other plans we are careful to act under tales of experience and vision. The the direction and at the advice of the devotional services; the study of Literature Continuation Committees. prayer led by Dr. William P. Merrill; We are seeking for the suitable openthe singing by a choir of Armenian ing for syndicated work in South America, standing ready to serve the girls; the address by Mrs. Everitt O. Christian Literature Committee for Fisk of Boston, representing the As- Latin America in so far as funds and sociation of Collegiate Alumnae; the ability permit. afternoon coriference on methods conducted by Mrs. Cronk, in which Mrs. A small grant of $80 has also been Paul Raymond of San Francisco out- made Mrs. Evelyn Worthley Sites of lined plans for local federations and Foochow, China, to enable her to print conventions of far-reaching value for a new edition of a primer in Roman- ized Chinese for use in Fukien Provmissionary propaganda, and other pro- ince. gram items afforded a day rich in inspiration for future effort. COMMITTEE ON STUDENT WORK Full reports of the committees will PERHAPS one of the most encoursoon appear in booklet form. All de- aging results of the work of the serve careful reading, for interest as Student Committee lies in the fact weII as information, especially by

that seven of the Boards state that the later a second edition of 3,000, of work of this committee has been a which about 5,000 now remain in stimulus which has led them to project stock.

plans for embracing their student op- portunity in a larger way. Four PLANS FOR NEXT YEAR Boards have elected Student Secre- These have been made in consultataries during the year, making a total tion with the Committee of Twentyof thirteen Student Secretaries. Two eight and in harmony with its general Boards are using returned missionaries plans. Miss Margaret E. Burton, aufor college visitation. thor of the excellent books on China and Japan, and the text-book, "Com- The Sister College plan in the rades in Service," was chosen as our Methodist Episcopal Church has heen author for 1918. Her book, "Women most successful in enlisting the in- Workers of the Orient," is now in terest of students in schools and col- press. It treats of the Voman's leges of that denomination, and has Foreign Missionary aspect of the genled to an increase in gifts for students eral topic, "The Message of Christianin the colleges in the Orient which ity to an Industrial Age." This book are supported by the Methodist Epis- will be published in March. The Comcopal Church. The Student Secretary mittee has heen able, with hardly an of this Board has made a most attrac- exception, to issue its text-books tive poster showing the colleges in this promptly and in ample time for use country and in the foreign field and by Program Committees in the early connecting the two in a way that re- spring. The Chapter Headings of veals the relation between the two and Miss Burton's book are: the obligation of the one for the other. II. The Wage-Earners. Systematic work in Student Confer- III. Broadening Horizons. ences, college visitation, correspond- IV. Trail Makers. ence, student literature, work with Volunteers and foreign students, aid V. Workers Together. for medical students are among the VI. Leaders of the New Orient.

lines taken up by this Board. Excellent outlines and suggested UNITED STUDY OF FOREIGN Scripture readings precede each chap- MISSIONS ter. While we do not find in all Oriental countries the same industrial T HE Central Committee reports an problems that confront us here and excellent year on the study of are beginning to develop in Japan "An African Trail," by Jean Kenyon and China, we do find the old problem Mackenzie. Three-fourths of the first of woman's toil and burden among all edition of 100,000 was sold between peoples.

March and September, and the second The Junior book for this year had edition of 10,000 was ordered to meet been assigned to Dr. Jefferys, of the the small volume of sales which usual- Protestant Episcopal Church, who did ly come after January first. Warned such an interesting work in St. Luke's by the experience of 'certain years hospital, Shanghai, China. Dr. Jef- when for some unaccountable reasons ferys, however, was callen to a posi- sales suddenly dropped, leaving the tion which entailed heavy responsi- committee with a large surplus stock, bility. After making every effort he we decided to order only a small found himself in May unable to com- second edition, trusting that it will plete the task. He requested an exten- meet the actual needs. sion of time for one year. The Com- The Junior book, "African Advent- mittee was compelled to release him.

urers" also by Miss Mackenzie, was At that late day it seemed utterly im- issued by the Central Committee and possible to find an author who would the Missionary Education Movement.. undertake to finish the manuscript An edition of 25,000 was ordered and within the limit of time. It involved

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

making the book in six months. The There are in the hands of the Com- Committee in desperation finally mittee, as the result of wide correcabled in June to Mrs. Thomas, of spondence and a questionnaire conthe Philippines, the author of "Around ducted by Mrs. Raymond, the constithe World with Jack and Janet," ask- tutions of most of the city unions and ing if she would write "Jack and the methods that have been success- Janet in the Philippines," a sequel to fully employed. her former book. Mrs. Thomas consented and cabled her reply. Since We recommend: there is still a good demand for 1st. That the Committee be au- "Jack and Janet," which has sold thorized to prepare and publish a connearly 30,000 copies, it is believed that stitution for city or county federamany children will be interested in tions, and to outline and publish a genthe further adventures of the twins. eral working plan for federations. Dissected maps and sets of postal 2nd. That the Committee be aucards will serve as illustrative material thorized to prepare and publish anand rewards, while passports will be nually specific plans and program sugneeded by all Juniors who undertake gestions for the guidance of officers of the voyage in this time of war. the various federations. Another evident need is a series of COMMITTEE ON METHOD::. conventions which shall bring to our women the missionary education and S INCE the members of the Commit- inspiration provided for the men of the tee are scattered from coast to churches by the conventions of the coast it has not been possible to hold Laymen's Missionary Movement. 1£ a meeting. All work has been done conventions could be planned parallelby correspondence. ing those of the Laymen's Missionary M'Ovement, comparatively small ex- The task set for us is twofold: penditures would make possible a series of conventions for women, 1st. "To develop plans for increas- which might be made to surpass the ing interest in Foreign Missions." Jubilee meetings in inspiration and in- fluence. We ask the Federation to 2nd. To devise methods of com- consider the advisability of conferring municating these plans to our mission- with the Executive Committee of the ary organizations in a way which will Laymen's Missionary Movement consecure practical results. cerning this possibility. One of the agencies through which As we were instructed to work we are privileged to reach the delargely through federated organiza- nominational and the auxiliary societions, our first concern has been the ties with methods of work is the Best interdenominational federations. The U:ethods Department of the MISSIONfindings of the Committee in the in- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, edited by vestigation of this work are: the chairman of our Committee. This affords us an opportunity of placing in 1st. Many of the city federations the hands of our societies the best organized as a result of the Jubilee methods which our Committee can find Campaign are lagging in their work. to present. It is an opportunity that We believe this to be because of a lack is, to us, both priceless and costless. of definiteness in plan and purpose at The chief problem is how to secnre the present time. In Mrs. Montgom- a wider circulation of the REVIEW ery's now famous phraseology they among our societies. The circulation "aim at nothing and hit it with un- department of the Review is ready to -erring accuracy." Many of the meet- co-operate with this Federation and ings held by such federations are sim- also with all denominational Boards in ply "another meeting." plans for wider circulation.

2nd. New federations being formed are at a loss to know where to secure a constitution and a definite, or suggestive outline for their work.

COMMITTEE ON INTERDENOMI- education for women in India and NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON China is before us in a vital way and THE FOREIGN FIELD requires the best judgment we can use in its iriterest. This report was read by the chairman, A WEEK IN DELAND, FLA. Mrs. McDowell, at the evening session T HE fifth session of the Winter and followed hy the address of Mrs. Fisk School of Missions, held under the auspices of the DeLand Missionary of Boston. For lack of space much that Union has been very successful. The week of January 27 to February 2, is of great interest in regard to Madras offering Bible study conducted by Dr. College for Women, Ginling College, and Hulley, President of the John B. Stetson University; discussion of Peking is omitted. EDITOR. methods; lectures on "An African Trail" and "Missionary Milestones," T HE Japanese Women's Christian by Mrs. H. L. Hill of New York, and College, Tokio, Japan, will open inspirational evening meetings, was formally in April, 1918. Suitable rent- preceded by three days of methods for ed- quarters have been secured for work among young people and a storythree years. Prominent Japanese edu- hour for children led by Mrs. Cronk. cationalists are pledged to the College. There were 258 registered, represent- Dr. Nitobe will be Honorary Presi- ing 22 states and 12 denominations. dent, and Miss Yasui, Dean. Dr. Reischauer becomes Executive Secre- INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP tary. Here is another enterprise to which Christian women, willing to be APARTY of nineteen young Chinese used of God in working out His pur- women now studying in our Eastposes, must give their best. The need ern colleges were entertained by a misfor such a college in Japan is no less sionary friend recently during the urgent than in India or China. Miss Christmas holidays. Burton says that "The men and women of Japan are today further apart Quarters were rented in a seaside intellectually than _in the feudal era." town, help was secured to make the Miss Tsuda adds, "The effect of this housework for such a family lighter, gap is deplorable on the home life." while for three weeks the girls reveled Weare working for Christian homes in fellowship with one another and and Christian leaders in these col- with friends made in the American leges. The test of civilization in community. Japan, as in every other country, is based upon the education of its women The girls expressed their pleasure as well as its men. freely. The friendly thought which resulted in this vacatiQn party points The number of union enterprises on the way to numberless opportunities our mission fields is sure to increase in to show international friendship to the the years just ahead. South America, great body of Oriental students now teeming with new life, will very soon enrolled in American colleges. These be asking for assistance in the estab- young people may help to interpret the lishment of union and co-operative best in American life when they return schools. to China if the best is open to them. Upon the impressions made on their Mexico has great plans for union minds during these student days will work affecting -every mission in the depend in no small part the relations country, which will be put into effect between the two countries in the next as soon as the present turmoil in that generation. country ceases. The Christian women of America must be ready with their response to all these calls for help.

The whole question of medical

News on War

A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR library and a sun parlor, is splendidly adapted to its purpose. A number of CHAPLAINS bedrooms with abundant bathing fa- cilities, will be rented at reasonable I N connection with the appeal of rates to women guests. General Pershing from France for more chaplains, it is of interest to note A UNION CHURCH BUILDING that, as the result of a proposal, of the Committee of the Federal Coun- C AMP UPTON now has a church cil on Army and Navy Chaplains, the headquarters, a building erected Secretary of War has signed an order near the administrative building of the establishing a training school for chap- Young Men's Christian Association lains. and opposite that of the Knights of Columbus. The building, which con- The location chosen is Fortress sists of an attractive chapel, with a Monroe, Virginia, in or about which parish h~)Use adjoining, was erected by nearly every form of army activity is a comm1ttee representing six different represented, and where the prospec- Protestant communions and is detive chaplains can become thoroughly sign~d to p~ovide a place for religious informed concerning all branches of services which require more quiet and the service. While in the school the detachment than is obtainable in the candidates will be under complete b.uildings o.f ~he Young Men's Chris-. army discipline, just as are candidates ban ASSOCJatlO~ and the Knights of for commissions in training schools Columbus. It IS open to all the relifor other officers' corps, The course giou~ bodies .in the camp and at the of instruction of the school includes opemng service all the religious inmilitary and international law and terests were represented-regular and army regulations, military hygiene, voluntary chaplains, Protestants Jews sanitation and similar matters. It is and Catholics, as well as the Young expected that all newly appointed Men's Christian Association and the chaplains now serving will be required Knights of Columbus. The meeting to take the course. Candidates will was addressed by the commanding be selected by the Federal Council's general, who expressed his cordial Committee on Army and Navy Chap- syu;pathy ~ith the project, and paid lains and by the Roman Catholic an Impressive tribute to the contribu- Chaplaincy Bureau. tion of the religious forces to the mo- rale of his troops. HOSTESS HOUSE IN NEW YORK CHURCH UNION IN WAR WORK T HE hostess houses at several of the army camps form one of the T HE General War-Time Commisbest known of the activities of the sion of the Churches is a body War Work Council of the National composed of representatives of the Board of Young Women's Christian leading' Protestant religious denomi- Associations. Now the idea has been tnbhaeretoinoungssthuednaypginpaggroewpdraiiyanstewancadormmwmieotartkn~sesw~fhihccaoh~- extended to New York City, Mrs. operation during the war. It has been Henry P. Davison, treasurer of the conducting a general survey of reli- War Work Council, having given her gious conditions in and about the former home, 12 West 51st Street, for camps, working for the advancement a hostess house, which will be used by of the interests and welfare of the women friends of the soldiers in chaplains, arranging conferences becamps around New York, and by sailors of the Navy Yard and boats in the harbor. The house, which has five stories, with spacious parlors and

tween the different agencies, studying as a unit in a comprehensive war special problems, such as that of moral program. (2) To place the Church, conditions about the camps, the wel- thus mobilized, at the service of the fare of industrial workers, provision United States authorities for active ,for the religious and social needs of co-operation with the several depart- the negro troops, care of interned ments of the government.

aliens and the like. On this Commis- The program proposes in an or- sion are members of the other com- ganized way to promote a campaign missions and committees of the Fed- of patriotism, through mass meet- eral Council, of the war commissions ings, in all major centers of the of the different Protestant churches, United States, to kindle enthusiastic the interdenominational agencies such loyalty and to interpret the meaning as the Young Men's Christian Asso- of the war and its moral and relig- ciation, the Young Women's Christian ious significance. It has been voted Association, the American Bible So- that Sunday, May 26, be observed ciety, the Young People's Societies, with special patriotic services and the Sunday School War Council. that as a self-denial offering the members of the Church be asked to RELIGIOUS WORK WITH devote to the Methodist War Fund AVIATORS at least the equivalent of one day's T HE War Work Council of the earnings or income. Young Men's Christian Association is promoting a very successful FROM PRISON TO THE ARMY C religious program at the great avia- ANADA is looking into the mili- tary possibilities locked up in her tion training camp, Kelly Field, near San Antonio, Texas. Here are upwards prisons, as the following extract from of 6,000 young men. With the approval a Manitoba paper shows: of the commanding officers, who "Forty men at the Alberta peniten- know the value of this special work, tiary were made prospects for military the Association Secretaries, nearly all service when they were given exam- university men, visit the tents when a ination by the military board. Forty- new contingent arrives, meet the men two were examined and forty placed one by one, and distribute copies of in A-2, while two more were placed the Gospel of John, at the same time in class B-2, all fit for overseas serv- offering to give a copy of the New ice. Men who were serving life sen- Testament to any man who will re- tences wept when told they would be turn the little gospel. More than three considered for military service. One thousand have come to the building of these has served eleven years of a for the testaments, and many have life sentence and stiII is in the military sought Christ as a result of the read- age limit."

ing of the Gospel. Classes are be- A contributor to The Living Church ing organized in every squadron by comments: the men themselves. Recently fifty- "Nothing could paint more vividly four classes were attended by 1,850 the anguish of prison life than those of the 6,600 men in camp. few brief words,telling how they wept for joy at the privilege of hav- " T THE METHODIST WAR COUNCIL ing the gates of death opened to them! HE War Council of the Meth- We, doubtless, have in America odist Episcopal Church," which among our penitential men innumer- has been organized with headquarters able hosts who would shed these same at Washington, D. C, and with Bishop manly tears if given the same privi- Berry as chairman, announces as its lege to come forth, begin all over, and purposes: (1) To mobilize the entire take a man's place in the world again; denomination, through its depart- eager to wash away their record, if mental and other activities, to act need be, in their blood."

fROM MANY

INDIA "We are afraid of our new women. They have freedom from seclusion, Y. M. C. A. Growth in India and advanced ideas, yet they have not that safeguarding influence that we "THE regular ~o.rk of the ~o~ng see in the lives of Christian women. Men's Chnstlan ASSoClatlOn It is for this reason that we feel that a class in the life of Christ would be in India, notwithstanding the war, is of value to them." progressing in the chief centers. The number of Indians of strength and Another Criminal Settlement ability in secretarial positions has increased to nearly 150; the Americans R EADERS of THE REVIEW are number seventy and the British sev- familiar with the experiment of enty-five," says "Association ~en." the Government of India in reforming criminals by settling them in villages In several provinces of India there of their own under the supervision of are twenty-seven .cantonments ,,:ith missionaries. The Government said their Association huts and service. that if 25 per cent. of the criminals Wealthy Hindus and Mohammeda~s would be honest it would pay to have are giving liberally in support of this them in the settlement instead of work. sentencing them to jail.

The war has stirred India to the One of these colonies reports that, depths. Caste is ruthlessly breaking so far, 100 per cent. have proved themdown in the Babel of tongues and of selves to be honest. Although the colraces which has been brought about ony has no written laws, there is a code through necessary military comming- of unwritten laws. In the control of ling. Commercial development had the colony self-government is carried already done much to distll~b India's on in accord with the foilowillg prinstagnation and to beget a nattonal race ciples: (1) The settlers must underconsciousness. These the war has stand that he that will not work shall greatly intensified and ac~elera~ed..A not eat. (2) So far as possible, work new India has come to hfe with Its is provided or the settlers, and "now insistent demands and its imminent it is up to them to make good." (3) perils. Lonl Willingdon, the Govern- All the rules and regulations of the or of the Bombay Presidency, writes: settlement are comprised in the two "Personally, I believe the Association verses: "All things whatsoever ye has done much and perhaps more than would that men should do to you, do anv other institution to bring about a ye even so to them; for this is the law better understanding, warmer sympa- and the prophets." And the other is thy and truer confidence between all like unto this one: "If a man be over· races who come to this country." taken in a fault, ye which are spirit- ual, restore such an one in the spirit A Request for a Bible Class of meekness; considering thyself, lest_ thou also be tempted." So far ther' SOCIAL freedom, without the re- have been about 150 converts and the,! straining influence of Christian- have proved to be very enthusiastj,.' ity, is a dangerous thing for Indian Christians. women, in the opinion at least of one of the leaders of the Brahmo Samaj. League of Missionaries to Moslems He came to a secretary of the Young Women's Christian Association in HE membership of the confiden- Calcutta, and asked her to open a T tial circle of workers in India. Bible class, in the life of Christ, among known as the Missionaries to Moslems the women of his community. When League, is not large, but that is its questioned as to his reason for making so unusual a request he replied:

very sonrce of strength, because the pots of holy water; I'<)ckets are ex- bond of union established is one of ploded day and night, both to salute faith and prayer and sympathy. For the god and summon the people, and five years it has concentrated thought decorations line the roads, as flags are and effort on the problem in India, used with us to welcome a distinand doubtless stimulated many out- guished visitor. On the appointed side of its membership. The present day, the silver god is carried to the secretary is the Rev. John Takle. festival ground and placed under the shade of a tree, with spears arranged Brahmanbria, Bengal. on either side for protection; while Pathan First-Aid Treatment priests stand ready to receive offerings D o the people of the Punjab need of cocoanuts, chicken:! and camphor. medical missions? Read this: A Mingled with all these ceremonies is young Pathan girl, fifteen years old, the thought of material gain and pleaswith her right arm shattered by a bul- ure. All manner of amusements, let, was brought to a hospital of the booths for selling and gambling de- Church Missionary Society in the Pun- vices are well patronized. It was jab, near the borders of Afghanistan. among- all these enormous r.rowds of The missionary doctor thus describes benighted people that the Tarnal misthe Pathan method of treating the sionaries, evangelists, teachers and Bible women came to hold open air case: Her father's enemy had shot her as services to tell the Gospel story. Even he could not get the man himself, and the little children from the Mission her father, greatly distressed, brought Orphanage had a part in these servher to us one day last June. Round ices. Many of the listeners bought the arm next the flesh was the body Gospels and return€d to their own vilof a cock split open, and bound on the lages, some near ·and some far, perwound when freshly killed, feathers haps never again t'J hear the Message outside. Around her body, to which of Life.

the arm was again bound, cock and all, SIAM were the skins of two goats recently killed. This June with the tempera- Women Physicians for Siam T ture at 114 degrees, the child has been HREE members of the teaching carried for twenty-four hours on a . force of the Harriet M. House rough bed in the sun's heat. Such is School for Girls at Bangkok, Siam, the first aid rendered by the Pathan. have gone this last year to Manila, The girl recovered under treatment, Philippine Islands, to take up the although the arm was at first very study of medicine and nursing, two of septic.-C. M. S. Gleaner. them to fit themselves to become the Festival to the Water-God in India first women physicians in Siam, and the third to become a trained nurse.

O NE is reminded of the description One of the young women medical in Psalm cxv of the "idols of students is the sister of a graduate of silver and gold, the work of men's Harvard University who is soon to hands; they that make them are like return to Siam as a civil engineer. The unto them," when reading an account other is the daughter of the Attorney- of a recent celebration of the Guruna- General of Siam. They go to Manila than Festival in India, when thousands at their own expense and have very of people assembled from a radius of .ambitious plans., two or three hundred miles to propitiate the god of water, who is sup- A Siamese Giver T posed at this time of the year to visit OWKAY SAM, a Siamese Chris- tian at vVai Neo, Siam, has, on. the country in floods. For days before the arpointed festival processions his own initiative, planted an orchard, of men and women march with brass the produce of which is to be used en-

N:E:WS FROM MANY tANbS

tirely for the support of Christian sionary society to' take over this enwork at Wai Neo. He had already dowed monastery property to support given a chapel. in our village a Christian school, as we have driven out the monks.' Prob- CHINA ably this is the only one of the 4,500 American schools that is supported by " 0 Parodies of Christian Methods the endowment of a Buddhist monas- NE cannot fail to notice how tery! For the last two decades God distinctly Confucianists 'seek to has been bringing China and America parody divine things" Mr. Darlington together. The admiration and love of the China Inland Mission at Wan- that the Chinese people-from the hsien, Szechuan, writes. "Espe- highest official to the lowest cooliecially is this so with regard to our feel toward the people of America hymns of praise. In the Buddhist are expressed in a great number of temple adjoining our house, a Con- ways. The Chinese governor of our fucian school was opened and the boys district is paying subsidies out of his were daily taught to sing 'Kong tsi own private funds for some of our (Confucius) loves me, this I know,' to schools just as an expression of the the time of our sacred little children's confidence the Chinese have come to hymn. Our methods of evangelism feel for America. We must make the are being copied in like manner. The most of this opportunity to link closer Buddhists are now printing tracts on the white and yellow races. There is . the moral virtues of their leader, and no other basis for world federation or posting these in conspicuous places the brotherhood of mankind than the about the city. teachings of the blessed Book.

"A large temple has been opened in Rules for Chinese Schoolgirls the city and numbers of priests from other parts have come along to con- O NE of the unexpected results of duct a forward movement. They are republican rule in China is the endeavoring to produce a revival of promulgation of detailed regulations the Three Religions of China, and al- to govern the conduct of girls in ready thousands of people have gone school. along to take part in these idolatrous rites; and now the city is being sys· Believing that a certain amount of tematically worked by women de- discipline and uniformity is desirable votees, who visit from house to honse, in their training, the Ministry of Ed· and by their godless and superstitious ucation has posted the following rules ministry beguile unwary souls. When in the girls' schools of the provinces: you consider that to counteract this movement we have only two foreign (1 ) No girl shall be allowed to ladies and one Biblewoman who can have her hair cut short in any governgive any measure of their time to the ment school, and anyone found violatwork of visiting in this city with its ing this regulation shall be expelled 240,000 inhabitants, it surely is a call from school. (2) No footbinding to great searching- of heart on the part shall be allowed. (3) No marriage of some at home."-China's Millions. without the parents' sanction shall be allowed, and if any girl violate!: this China's Confidence in America regulati"on she shall be expelled from school and her teacher shall also be "FOUR years ago a company of punished for lack of vigilance. (4) Chinese men came into my No leave shall be granted to girl stu- dents without sufficient reason nor study," says Rev. Edward H. Smith, shall they be allowed to promenade in of the American Board, "and spread the streets in groups. (5) No girl out a document in Chinese, and said, over thirteen years of age shall be al- 'This is a deed. Ve have had for gen- lowed to attend schools where boys erations in our mountains a Buddhist are taught. monastery. We now want your mis-

Chinese Moslems to President Wilson Mr. Soong Han-chang, manager of T HE Chinese Moslems of Peking the Bank of China, won the first prize wrote to President Wilson on the for having ohtained the largest numsubject of the war and the part 01ina ber of new member!; had in it, and after the usual Oriental T felicitations expressed themselves as An Up-to-Date Medical School follows: "Very frequently the Chi- HE achievement of twenty young nese Republic is glad to follow the ex- men in having completed the ample of your noble government, so course in the Mukden Medical Col- if you will give the word we will fol- lege, Manchuria, was noted in the low, and if you are patient we will February REVIEW. It is of interest to continue to be patient. We do not ask hear something of the equipment and anything from you save the favor of requirements of the school. The hos- using your influence to quench the pital and laboratories contain excel- fires of war in the world. But as for lent modern apparatus. The study of the present condition of China, the experimental physiology has been ad- hearts of the rulers are divided, so vanced by the recent installation of that there is constant change, and no a special set of instruments of the permanent responsibility. How is it latest Edinburgh University pat- possible for a country in this con- tern; power for ten revolving drums dition to declare war upon another is supplied by a dynamo connected country? We therefore turn to you with the government power station, and hope that you will arrange and and enables twenty students to carry give us good advice for the future a:f- . on independent experiments at one fairs of our republic, in order that time. Much costly apparatus has prosperity and safety and peace may been installed in the bacteriological come to us speedily." laboratory also. Through the cor- Y. M. C. A. Growth in China dial relations existing between the college authorities and the govern- T HE twenty-eight city Young ment, all restrictions regarding dis- Men's Christian Associations in section have been removed, which China have 18,000 members, 6,000 in will, of course, be of special value to schools, 7,200 in Bible classes, with an the pupils to come. A special fea- operating expense of $350,000 Mex. ture of the installation of these in- The Associations have been respon- struments and apparatus, of which sible for adding' five hundred members the staff are proud, is the fact that to the various city churches. The use- the whole of the work has been done fulness and popularity of the Associa- by the resident Chinese mechani- tion has necessitated a plan of en- cians.

largement which is to establish about Applications for admission· so fifty model Associations in important greatly exceed the capacity that the centers and help them to secure an hest candidates have been chosen from adequate equipment, with a staff of about four times the number apply- trained Chinese secretaries, and to ing. In addition to completing a develop complete local management course at the government or Chris- and self-support. There are now 146 tian middle schools, each candidate Chinese secretaries in the City Asso- for admission must pass an exam- ciations, while 300 would not be too ination in arithmetic, geometry, alge- many for immediate requirements, and bra, history, geography, Chinese a thousand will be needed within the classics and composition and Eng- next ten years. lish.

The recent four weeks' "drive" in the Young Men's Christian Associa- Visiting a Buddhist Monastery I tion at Shanghai, China, resulted in T is the custom of students in Chi- nese government schools to go en the acquisition of 1,025 new members and fees to the amount of $13,853. masse twice each year to some place

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of historic interest, and C. H. Hamil- terpret in their true meaning the social ton, of the University of Nanking, standards of the freer West to the writes in the Missionary Intelligencer young people of Japan who sometime'> of conducting a party of 105 students misunderstand and misapply those to the Buddhist Monastery of Bas same freer standards." H wa Shang,. a training school for priests. Over a thousand were there This committee investigated espebeing trained in the Buddhist ritual. cially the present attitude of Christian The majority of the visiting university schools in regard to dormitory regustudents had been taught from their lations and class-room instruction, youth in Christian schools and viewed and brought in to the 1917 meeting of with amazement and scorn this ex- the Association the following resoluhibition of Buddhism in work-day ap- tions, which were adopted: parel. "One thing which impressed the visitors," writes Dr. Hamilton, 1. That this association recom- "was the sight of six priests around a mends in the high school departments table, learning their chants. Each of its girls' schools a lesson or a series held in his hand a copy of a classic. of lessons, made as practical as possi- One held a stick with a large knob ble, on both the Christian principles with which he rhythmically pounded and the social regulations governing a hollow piece of wood. In time with the relations of men and women. this beat all six read the characters before them, but whatever golden 2. That this association present to thoughts lay back of the words were the National Christian Education lost on the ignorant chanters. To Association of Japan the desirability them the page was an array of char- of introducing into boys' schools a acters having a certain sound-noth- similar lesson or course on the Chrising more. Once before I had visited tian principles and the social regulathis monastery and asked for some tions governing the relations of men well-trained priest to come and talk and women. with me about the Buddhist doctrines, but was informed that the place had 3. That this association recomnone such. The old abbot of the place mends that Christian organizations smiled benignly and reminded me that and individuals encourage lectures on one can only learn the wonders of social subjects before parents' meet- Buddhism by experience-the old ings and general audiences, in order familiar contention of mysticism in all to arouse older people to a sense of their responsibility for the social life pl~ces." of the young people.

JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. That this association appoint a committee with power to act in con- Social Standards in Japan sultation with the Executive Commit- tee, with reference to publishing suit- T HOSE who are seeking the true able matter relating to the subject of Christianization of Japan are social relations of young men and finding new problems in the influence young women. of many Western ideas. At the 1916 meeting of the Woman's Christiart A Christian Welfare Work for Education Association of Japan, a committee, composed of English, Japanese Railway American and Japanese women, the last both with and without training T HE Assistant General Traffic abroad, was appointed to study the Manager of the South Manchuria question of social standards for young Railway Company describes in The men and young women, "with a view Survey the welfare work conducted to seeing what might be done to in- by the company, under the direction of Shiroshi Otsuka, who was for- 'merly connected with the Young Men's Christian Association. He says: "There are living in the leased ter-

ritory under our supervision about Christ and must be fed with the milk 50,000 Japanese and 100,000 Chinese of the word, not yet being ready for and as many as 500 foreigners, while 'strong meat.' It is a real privilege the company itself employs 12,000 to tell the message of Jesus and yet, Japanese and 25,000 Chinese. The oh! so hard when they know so little welfare department seeks to promote and are so ignorant." the moral and social advancement both of Japanese and Chinese employees, MOSLEM LANDS as well as of all other people. in the The Red Triangle in Palestine leased territory. "There are twelve officers, all under T HE sign of the Red Triangle is now familiar in Jerusalem. Cathe supervision of Mr. Otsuka, and all bles received from the front report are conscientious, earnest Christians.

These officers have charge of the work the opening of centers in Jaffa, in the various towns along the rail- Gaza, Beersheba and last of all, in way, and each office is known as a Jerusalem itself; and a cinema has club where all the employees may been secured for use in the camps sur- meet. By means of lectures, reading, rounding the Holy City. Members of meetings, religious services, healthy the forces who have received a day's games, musical concerts, gardening, leave to tour the. city are looked after knitting, with annual exhibits and and cared for by the Y. M. C. A.; prizes, the company seeks to promote indeed, from Jerusalem down to Cairo the social, physical and intellectual the Red Triangle links are complete. welfare of the employees and their The party of eighty members of the families. These clubs have also cir- Red Cross and Syrian and Armenian culating libraries which are drawn Relief Expedition has left America upon largely by the families of the for Palestine to conduct relief and re- lower class employees. construction work for the stricken popUlation . "The company has sent Mr. Otsuka . to the United States, to inspect and Turkish Testimony to Mission Schools study similar social work with a view T HE Turkish Government some- to enabling the company to improve time ago took the children from its methods and expand its work." the schools conducted in Palestine by the London Jews' Society, and put Six Days on One Lesson A WOMAN missionary in Korea them in a so-called "national orphan- went to one 6f the outlying vil- age." "It is encouraging," writes a mislages to hold a Bible class of women sionary of the Society, "to hear that for a week. There were about forty the children had displayed such a suenrolled, and she planned to teach one periority of character that the eldest of six great events in the life of Christ among them, both boys and girls, had each day. She devoted the first day been made monitors. Moreover, it has to a very simple account of the nativ- been found that the only reliable ity, but the next day, no one remem- teachers who could be secured were bered anything, and so it went on Christians, so that even in adversity through the week, so that all six les- missions are being proved worth son.s were given up to the subject of while !" Christ's birth. The missionary says of these women: Destitution in Palestine "Very few of the old women can .THE next step after the British read at all, and those who can read, . military victories in Palestine has do so very falteringly, rarely grasp- been the institution 011 a larger scale ing the meaning. So teaching here than before of· relief work. How is 'line upon line and precept upon great need there is for this may be precept.' Truly they are babes in judged by this description, in the lew-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ish Missionary Intelligencer, of condi- nian woman is paid gratuity if she is tions in December: "The long period in health. For families in which the of underfeeding, which has lasted al- father is dead and the mother is supmost since the outbreak of the war, porting one or more orphans, an alhas so lowered the vitality of the lowance of ten rubles a month is people that they have been unable to granted; but at the present value of resist the ravages of cholera, typhoid, the ruble this really amounts to typhus and other terrible diseases. scarcely a dollar. The payroll of the It is reported that 30,000 Jews in factory is $5,000 a month. Within Jerusalem and vicinity have died from the scope of the Erivan work, it is starvation and pestilence. stated that no Armenian is now starv- ing. But the distribution of aid from "The Turkish authorities have used this center reaches no more than 300 the available food, clothing and other villages and only about 50,000 of the supplies for the army. As their army 250,000 Armenians remaining alive grew and the quantities needed have from the late massacres. increased, the food produced in the country has been taken and the au- The Kurds Are Suffering thorities have commandeered the means of production of food. Thus T HE Kurds, who participated so irrigation pumps and other agricul- largely in the massacres of Artural .implements have been taken to menians and Assyrians, are now provide metal for ammunition, and plunged into a more abject poverty trees have been cut down to provide than even the two Christian races fuel for the railways. Even olive trees, which they so recently ravaged. The which produce not only oil for light- loot they collected has been dissipated, ing, but also oil and fruit for food, and they have been driven from their have been cut down, first one-tenth, homes. A recent visitor estimates that then a second, then a third. How when he was in Persia about 40,000 many more tenths have gone in the Kurds were saving themselves from last six months we do not know. starvation only by what they could steal from the scavenger dogs that "Apart from the shortage caused by eastern cities depend upon to clean up these exactions, the year has been a garbage. bad one. The 'latter rains' were very scanty, and, in addition, the fruit A missionary in U rumia writes of trees have not yet recovered from the these people: "They, too, have suflocust plague of 1915." fered, and have now returned from their self-imposed exile, and they seek Industries for Annenian Refugees comfort in their desolate and dev- asted villages. A pitiful lot they are, E RIVAN, at the foot of Mt. Ararat mostly orphans and widows, ragged in trans-Caucasian Russia, is to- and hungry, weary and worn with day the largest population center of long journeyings from the hot deserts surviving Armenians. Here a re- of Arabia and over the cold mounmarkable industrial work has been set tains of Kurdistan." up in which the only employes are Armenian refugees and the only prod- So bitter is the feeling between the uct is homespun woolen clothing for Kurds and the Armenians that many destitute Armenians to wear. An ef- of the latter object to seeing the ficient manufacturing enterprise has Kurds receive any of the relief sent been set afoot, in spite of the fact that from America. But the relief comcomparatively few of the operatives m~ttees have latterly been reaching knew beforehand anything of the out to help as many as possible of processes employed, from carding the these fierce and fanatic Moslems, on wool to tailoring the cloth. No Ar- whom the calamities let loose by themmenian man receives any money that selves have returned to take such a he does not work for, and no Arme- terrific revenge.

Continued Need in Persia AFRICA A LONG delayed letter from Uru- mia, Persia, is of great interest An Austrian Mission to the Sudan T in its picture of conditions which ex- HE Austrian Catholic Mission to the Sudan was established in isted there at the beginning of the winter: Khartum in 1848, and preparation was "The relief work has gone strenu- begun to extend their work into the ously forward under Dr. Shedd's South among the pagan tribes. The leadership. As the winter approaches, thing that stands out prominently in the mob of starving people . thickens their history is the amount of young in our city yard. The price of grain life poured into their work in those increased steadily from harvest to early years. During the first ten years harvest, reaching famine prices. The of their history, of thirty-one men who harvest in irrigated land has been joined their Mission, at least sixteen good, and in places there has been a died and others were sent away com- considerable yield from unirrigated pletely broken in health.

land. Consequently a larger part of Rev. J. Kelly Giffen, D.D., who has the resident population is provided for been studying this chapter of mission-· than was the case last year, and re- ary history, writes : "We cannot al- lief for this class will diminish greatly. ways commend their wisdom, but their "On the other hand, crops through- zeal and courage were real and their out the country are blighted and the martyr spirit demands our respect.

hope of bringing foodstuffs in is very These men did real pioneer work in small. Prices are about 60 per cent exploring regions hitherto unknown higher than last year and famine is and in bringing information to the out- the prospect ahead for the refugees, side world of a people strange to all Kurdish as well as Christian. Many and in desperate need of a pure gos- of the resident Christians and Mos- pel. Their more lasting work was lems are not provided for except as the production of vocabularies and a helped by friends and neighbors. The grammar of the Dinka and Bar Relief Committee has distributed much languages and a translation of the gos- seed this past year and the acreage pels.

which has been plowed and sown has No matter what opinion we may been greatly increased. Some of the hold as to the teaching of these men border regions have been settled which we must admire their pioneer work for would otherwise have remained un- Christian missions at a terrible sacri- inhabited and the fields would have fice of life.-United Presbyterwn.

remained idle." From the West Persia Mission of Y. M. C. A. Work for the Black Troops M the Presbyterian Church, a missionary OST of the British troops which were sent to German East writes of the "throngs of orphans and widows, the old and crippled; the blind, Africa early in the war have been the insane, the broken-hearted, the withdrawn because of the climate, and homeless, helpless, hopeless of five suf- their places have been taken by a col- fering nations, crowding the American ored army made up of South Africans, Relief Committee headquarters .for Indian Sepoys, East African and West help. African regiments from Nigeria, "Among the orphans who crowded Somaliland, Zanzibar, Nyasaland, the us too,-2,500 of the real orphans or Cameroons, th.e Gold Coast, regiments those who had widowed mothers,- from the British West Indies and the were many of those whose parents Cape Corps from South Africa.

are still captives in the hands of the In addition there have been brought Turks, and who came to be written together thousands of native African as orphans. And why not?' Are they porters and carriers, mobilized from not worse than orphans, having a remote villages, speaking a variety of hopeless hope?" languages.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To this composite, company the Church Giving in Africa Young Men's Christian Association has sought to minister. Five colored I N the West African Mission of the secretaries from North America, led Presbyterian Church the Every by Max Yergen, are rendering magni- Member Plan begins two years beficent service, characterized officially fore church membership. There is a by the Director of Military Labor as probationary system by which candi- "humane and sympathetic." The Com- dates for church membership are kept mander-in-chief cabled the Interna- at least two years in catechumen tional Committee that he would be classes for instruction. The initial "grateful" if additional colored secre- pledge, which is usually two and a taries were sent. One of them gained half cents weekly, is given at the a knowledge of the Swahili language first enrollment as a catechumen. in six months, which enabled him to di- After a year, on being promoted to the rect the work and to give religious ad- advanced class, the amount pledged is dresses to these needy men in their own tongue. Anothef has developed usually increased to 30 or 5 cents. night schools and other educational features. The mission schools have On being admitted to church memberbeen impressed, yielding their trained ship, which becomes possible at the boys for leadership. Many of these end of the second year of training, boys have developed capacity which there usually comes a further increase has multiplied the activities and ex- of about 5 to 7 cents. A number of tended the service of the North members give 12 or 24 cents and a few American leaders. Settlers, mission- even more. The average is about 5 aries and officials heartily co-operate cents a week. through the Association, which provides an outlet for their efforts-As- "Very few of the people have any sociation Men. regular wage. Those who have would perhaps average $2.50 a month. The Indians in East Africa women, who constitute the greater number of our contributors, for the L ARGE numbers of soldiers from most part have only what they can India have been sent to German secure by the preparation and sale of East Africa, as well as to Europe, and food, mainly at government markets the Young Men's Christian Associa- and to passing caravans. Many of tion of India has followed them them contribute a large part of what is wherever they have gone. procured in this way. The incentive for many in the preparation of food In Dar-es-Salaam, one of the most for sale is to secure something for the cosmopolitan cities of the world, the offering. New York of German East Africa, a former German beer garden has been "Undoubtedly the taking of the transformed into a flourishing Associa- pledge at the first enrollment as a tion center. Here Indians from the catechumen is one of the important medical, telegraph and other depart- factors contributing to the general immental services enjoy the varied pro- pression that giving is an essential part gram, and use the facilities provided of Christian worship. Contribution by the Red Triangle. Caste and class Sabbath is called 'Praise Sabbath,' and distinctions are forgotten. Hospitals the day the offering is received is are visited by voluntary Indian work- 'Go to Church Sunday.' Once a month ers who distribute gifts and write let- the offerings are received." ters for illiterate wounded Sepoys. Educated Indians, both Hindus and How Schools Open the Doors Mohammedans, willingly serve their less fortunate fellow-countrymen. O N returning from a trip among villages where no missionary work exists, Rev. George Schwab, of Metet, West Africa, writes: "After traveling for days and re-

peating in village after village the was so much impressed by what he question, 'Are there any people of the saw that he cabled an account of his Word in this place?' and having so experiences, through the Japanese As- often been informed, 'Yes, there are,' seciated Press, to Japan. The various and on inquiry learning that there departments of the school were dec- were two or three school-boys, or orated with the national colors. In the friends and relatives of school-boys, I Junior Department, as the Baron enhave been forced to believe that it is tered, 400 )'(oung people arose and the school and not so much· the saluted the flag in a thrilling way. It evangelist which opens up and thaws was the first time that the Baron had out a heathen community." 1ward the salute and he asked for a copy of it. Later it was repeated by A Colored Y. W. C. A. for South Africa tlJe Senior Department in the opening'

T HE Young Women's Christian exercises. The reading of Lincoln's Association has been at work in Gettysburg Address by that depart- ment deeply impressed him and he South Africa for more than forty asked for a copy of the progr:;l.m. The years, but its efforts have been con- fact that the Sunday-schools of fined to the white women. A few America, with 20,000,000 members, months ago a deputation of colored stood so strongly by the Government in a spirit of loyalty, gave the Sunday women in the Cape Province appealed school a new rating in the mind of to the Executive Board of the National the Baron and helped the S'unday school as an institution to have a high- Council of the Y. W. C. A. to start er rating in Japan through his mes- sage to his native country. work for them. A public meeting, held in Cape Town last September, was a crowded and representative gathering with the widow of the latc Dr. James Stewart of Lovedale in the Missionary Conference of Friends chair. Mrs. Stewart said that they felt that the call to open this new work R EPRESENTATIVES of the forcame as a direct challenge and one eign missionary organizations which God in His providence surely connected with the Society of Friends met at the Garden City conference meant them to accept. to consider the question of foreign The following resolution wa<; car- missionary activity in their own de- nomination. They report: ried unanimously: "That the National Council of the Y. W. C. A., hav- "After careful consideration it was ing been approached by a deputadon concluded to invite the Friends of of colored women, recognize the time Canada and the United States who are has come to establish a department of interested in foreign missions to attend work amongst them, and agree to their a volunteer conference to be held in request that a residential center be es· the city of New York, following the tablished under the auspices of the General Mission Conference next year, National Council." for the purpose of better understand- ing each other and our work, and for Missionaries are hoping that the As- taking such action as the way may sociation will SOon commence <;imilar open for. A committee was appointed work in Durban, Pretoria and Johan- to carryon, through the year a cornesburg.

NORTH AMERICA respondence in the missionary interest, Japanese Baron at Sunday School and to visit various localities at home where it may be found desirable.

W HEN the Japanese Finance Commission was recently in A Great Rescue Mission in Boston B America, its chairman, Baron Megata, EGUN in a little second-story a member of the House of Peers, room on Tremont Street sixteen visited a Brooklyn Sunday-school, and years ago, the Union ReS<;le Mission

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of Boston has now reached the point one-hundredth anniversary of the where it has dedicated a new building, founding of the Society of Missionary valued at $35,000. Inquiry, established by twelve theo- logical students in Synod's school con- The features of the new edifice are nected with Hampden-Sidney College. a men's room for lounging and companionship and equipped fgr Sunday The strongest element in the growth morning breakfast, an auditorium of the Society was probably the inholding three hundred, nine bedrooms fluence of John Holt Rice, a professor for men, a women's apartment with in the seminary, who in 1831 made an three bedrooms, a special room for overture to the General Assembly rechildren and mothers, and a roof gar- questing it to declare that the Church den, where the children can play with "is a Missionary Society, the object less risk than in the street. The meet- of which is to aid in the conversion ings are held every night in the week of the world, and that every member and are attended by 500,000 persons of the Church is a member for life in the course of a year. They mark of said society, and bound in mainthe turning point in the life of many tenance of his Christian character, to a discouraged and dissipated man and do all in his power for the accomwoman. The superintendent is Rev. plishment of this object." H. D. Campbell, a convert of the mission and a missionary in Africa for The overture outlined also the form over twenty years. Boston Christians of a business organization, which was of all denominations support the Union adopted in substance and which there- Rescue Mission-The Congregation- fore may give Dr. Rice the title, the list. Father of the Organized Foreign Mis- sionary Work of the Presbyterian Winter Outdoor Evangelism churches in America.

O UTDOOR evangelism in mid-win- A Church That Works at Night . ter is now a part of the aggres- T HE Roman Church has long'minsive evangelistic work of the National istered to its night workers with Bible Institute, New York. Hereto- a 2 a. m. mass. The Night Church on fore the outdoor evangelistic campaigns have extended from April to Congress Street, Chicago, seeks to par- November, but this year it has been possible to inaugurate a long-cherished allel this ministry by' its services to plan for all the year outdoor evangelism. Protestants.

That a large hearing for the Gospel Meetings are held every night on the can be gained out of doors in snow covered streets has been proven by the street near the hall. The services befaithful evangelists of the Institute's staff. Within the three weeks' period gin at eight or nine and continue unending December 22 there was the heaviest snowfall New York had ex- til the streets are deserted at twelve perienced (according to the daily papers) since 1888, yet during these or one. If the weather is unpropithree weeks ninety-one outdoor evangelistic meetings were held, with an tious the meetings are adjourned to a aggregate attendance of 21,706. hall upstairs. Coffee and rolls are A Pioneer Missionary Society served every night. The workers go · SIGNIFICANT missionary an- A niversary was celebrated in into the shops and offices where night Richnmnd, Virgina, in January, in a shifts are working and use the lunch meeting called to commemorate the hour for friendly calls. .

The Rev. Emest A. Bell is the pastor and has as his assistants the Rev. Myron E. Adams, formerly pas- tor of the First Baptist Church of Chicago, two deaconesses' and a con- verted actress, Miss Florence Whit- taker, who deals entirely with thf'atri~ cal people. The church distributes Scriptures in more than sixty lang- uages-Record of Christian Work.

"The Romance of Polygamy" Christian Koreoans jn America T M HE way in which Mormonism is ISSIONARY work in Korea is using the European war as an bearing unexpected fruit in occasion for propaganda in favor of- California. Considerable numbers of polygamy was pointed out in the Korean peasants have emigrated to February Review. The effrontery the San Joaquin Valley, and in the shown in this propaganda may be town of Dinuba, about a dozen fami- judged from the following quotation lies have built homes, and have formed from one of the articles by the quite a community center. They have daughter of Brigham Young which also built a Presbyterian church which- appeared in a number of newspapers: at first was too small, so they have "Great men have ever been great built a larger one. About 60 per cent polygamists-legally or illegally. In- of these Koreans are Christians. ferior men will always shrink from doubling domestic burdens. . . . A representative of the Southern Polygamy is productive of far more Presbyterian Church who visited these real romance than the one-man-one- ~oreans, showing them stereopticon woman union could possibly give. pIctures of missionary work in their Romance keeps pace with the polyg- home land, and describing the need of the Armenians and Syrians, says: amous husband's evolutionary devel- "Instantly they took up an offering opment as patriarch, saint, sympa- from among the little group of some thetic monitor and provider. Talk forty-five who were present. Imagine of the romance of monogamy! When my surprise when the money was the human equation becomes a poly- counted to discover that it was the gon, imagine the increased opportu- largest sum in the way of an offering nity for novelty and emotional dis- that I have ,een in any place since play." starting on this tour, and it came from people who are but day-laborers and Slavs in California who live in simple and humble cir~ D R. JOHN R. MOTT, like other cumstances. visitors to Russia who have "Several of them were wearing Red really come close to the people, speaks Cross buttons and one young man was strongly of the profound religious ele- wearing a Liberty Bond button. ment in the Slav nature. Confirming "Though California -is the only State testimony to this fact comes from Rev. in the Union that has no Lord's Day James A. Francis, D.D., who teIIs of a (officially), these Christians refrain meeting which he attended at the Y. from working on that day, save works W. C. Ao International Institute in of absolute necessity and mercy."

Los Angeleso He says: "We have in town 5,000 Russian Molokani, some- "The Darkest Spot in the U. S. A." HE Navajo country covers an T times called Molokanski. They came area of nearly three hundred twelve years ago, led by a prophet who has since died. He told them a miles east and west by two hundred great European War was coming and miles north and south, and with much blood would be shed, and that ninety-three, per cent of illiteracy i~ they must come with him to a land of practically the darkest spot in the peace on the Pacific shore of America. United States. area and population They are protestants ag-ainst the Or- considered. There are eleven thouthodox Church of Russia. a2"ainst war, sand children of school age, only two against images, etc., etc. This was the thousand of whom are provided with first time in their history they had school facilities. '"

united with others in a service, and on Seemingly insuperable barriers have the invhation of the Y. W. C. A., 250 been overcome by the devoted men and men and women came together. women who have for these twenty

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

years carried on gospel work for this Prayer Club used as an opportunity tribe: There are no villages. The to tell of personal experiences in people are all shepherds in a country which God had definitely answered usually called desert, so that the mis- prayer."-Missions. sionaries have had to hunt them out, one family at a time, traveling long A Latin-American Evangelist distances with weary bodies and the craving for food often unsatisfied. R ECENT revival meetings in Porto The language, so extensive that single Rico were led by Senor A. B. verbs have as many as fourteen hun- De Roos, a converted Spanish Jew, dred forms, has finally been reduced who has been evangelizing in Mexico to writing, after years of painstaking and Centrql America. A writer in and prayerful labor, and the people the Puerto Rico Evangelico declares both in school and camp are learning to that his three months' ministry has read the truth of God in their own been the most powerful and effective tongue. Genesis, Mark, John, Ro- in the history of missionary work on mans and some portions of other books the island. Mr. De Roos travels withcompose the Navajo Scriptures recent- out a choir, without organization, ly printed by the American Bible So- without advertising, trusting only in ciety. The workers on the field have the power of the Cross, in the work of as their objective a self-supporting na- the Holy Spirit and in the co-operative church under the care of trained tion which the churches may be able native Workers. – Home Mission to give him. In the cities of Caroline, Monthly. Rio Piedras, Ponce, Playa de Ponce, Yauco, Manati, Ciales, Barceloneta, LATIN AMERICA Trujillo, etc., there were over 300 professions of faith, among them a A Prayer Club in Porto Rico considerable number of professors in the public schools. T HE pastor of a Baptist church in Porto Rico over a year ago or- A Confession Box for a Pulpit ganized the men of the church into a "Prayer Club." A dozen men were W HEN Mr. Gregory and Mr. found who were willing to meet week- Cheney, Presbyterian missionly with the pastor and pray, and some aries in Mexico, made their first visit of them really learned to pray for the after the revolution to Santa Cruz, first time. A careful record of their they had not held services there for petitions and the answers to them was three years. Mr. Gregory writes of the kept. In January, meetings were held experience: "In 1916 the town was every night in different sections of the laid waste, and the Protestant church city. Members of this prayer club led burned by the Zapatistas; the Cathothese cottage meetings, three and four lic church, however, was not t011ched. meetings being held on one night. For more than twenty years the Catholic church has not been used for Rev. C. S. Detweiler, who assisted services, because the entire town is the pastor, writes: Protestant.

"The first thing that impressed me "There was no other place for servwas the spirit of prayer with which ices, so we met in the Catholic church. the whole church was surcharged. Some of the families had just re-' Every morning from six to seven turned to their ruined village and had about fifty people gathered in the built temporary shacks. We used the church for a prayer-meeting. confession box for the pulpit. Most of the furniture in the church had "The evening services grew in been removed and what remained had power until the last three days when been removed from its proper place. forty-two made public profession of At evening time we drew lots for faith. Sunday afternoon, the last day beds. There was a large shelf in the of the meetings, the members of the

wall that once held a saint, the con- quiring all liquor shops to be closed fession box and another piece of fur- for a full twenty-four hours, and niture. Mr. Cheney drew the confes- bakeries and groceries to be closed at sion box for his resting place. noon on Sabbath. No hired help is pennitted to work during any hour "Two of the brethren stayed with of Sabbath. This means that Buenos us in the church with their ritles. The Ayres will henceforth observe the night before fifteen armed bandits en- Lord's day better than some Ameritered a village four miles distant." can cities.

Seed Sowing in Venezuela EUROPE E VANGELICAL missionary enter- Polyglot Chaplains Needed prises in Venezuela date back eighteen or twenty years, the O NE aspect of the missionary oppioneer organizations being the portunity created by the war is American Presbyterian Board of the bringing together of Europe fight- Foreign Missions and the Chris- ing men from a number of the mission tion and Missionary Alliance, fields. In dealing with these men, closely followed by a Swedish Mis- from either a military or a religious sion in Maracaibo, and "Brethren" standpoint, the language problem is a missions in various centers. Through serious one. So many different namany political disturbances, and con- tions are represented in the armies stantly combatting ignorance and su- fighting for the Allies in France that perstition, the work has progressed the British Government has found it until today there are in the capital imperative to secure officers and chapcity, Caracas, three Protestant church lains familiar with the dialects spoken edifices for the accommodation of the by the men. The soldiers on the battle native congregations, not to speak of fields of France include men whose private houses where smaller compa- mother tongues are Maori, Malagasy, nies meet and Sunday schools are Portuguese and Flemish; men from held. Algiers and Morocco, who speak dia- lects of Arabic; and tens of thousands Within recent years an attempt has of brown men and yellow men from been made to train native young men Asia and black men from Africa. At as colporteurs and evangelists. At the the request of the Government mis- Hebron Bible Training Institute a sionaries from various British sociecourse of studies, combined with man- ties have been released to enter work ual work for self-support, is provided. as officers or chaplains in battalions Graduates of the institute are now whose languages they can speak and found in charge of native congrega- understand. The work is of vast imtions at out-stations, and others en- portance and these men are able to be gage in Bible circulation and other of real service to the conglomerate forms of gospel service. mass of men fighting in France for the Allied cause. Rev. E. C. Austin, who is in charge of this school, writes that "the pres- Unity Among English Christians ent appears to be particularly favorable for an advance in all parts of PLANS for union among Christians this territory, with its 2,500,000 in- seem to be in the air in England. habitants. Reports are frequently re- Rev. F. B. Meyer reports the action ceived of the good reception accorded taken by the representatives appointed to colporteurs and others in places by the Evangelical Free Churches of where a few years ago they would England to consider the closer co-ophave been in danger of thejr lives." eration of the Free Churches. This report has to be laid before each of Sunday Closing, in Argentina the denominations concerned at their A RGENTINA has recently stiff- , ened its Sunday closing law, re-

NEWS FROM MANy LANDS

next assemblies. It contains a decla- ficers and soldiers have given their ratory statement of common faith and lives for liberty and justice. One of practice. the Waldensians writes: Further union is being considered "This war has given us an opporwith the Church of England and the tunity to evangelize thousands of our statement drawn up by the Confer- countrymen. In important towns we ence of Evangelical Churchmen in have opened the Casa del Soldats, Cheltenham, England, has among its where the soldiers can read and write conclusions the following: and be entertained. We have given away thousands and thousands of "That all proposals for closer union New Testaments, always gratefully with Non-conformists should premise received. When opposition has been that they are members of the Church aroused and fanaticism has sought to of Christ equally with ourselves and hinder our work, the officers have insuch proposals should not aim at ab- terfered, and given full permission for sorption, but at combined action. That the distribution of the Gospel to be those ministers of the orthodox Non- maintained and for the soldiers to be conformist churches who have been spoken to," called and ordained by duly constituted authority within those churches ex- "Atheism" in Russian Revolution ercise ministries which are undoubtedly ministries of grace equally with A CORRESPONDENT of an Engour own. lish paper in the interior of Rus- sia is quoted by the London Chris- That the goal to be aimed at is some tian: The Revolution, as he describes form of federation rather than any- it, in many places has taken the form thing like organic reunion. of very decided hostility to organized Christianity. The old festivals are A Women's Hotel in Paris ignored. Men describe themselves on their passports as "Atheists." Insults A GREAT service has been ren- are offered to certain ceremonies dered to American women in which have entered into the life of Paris by the War Work Council of the people, and the general attitude the Young Women's Christian Asso- is thus summed up: "To profess a ciation in the opening of a women's contempt for the Christian Gospel hotel. The social rooms of the new seems likely to become the fashionable hotel are free to all girls and women vogue of the new officialdom. It is at any time of the day or evening, probable that soon anyone holding a whatever their nationality. Both res- position under the Government will taurant and tea room also are open need considerable moral courage to be to those living outside as well as to seen entering a Christian church." guests of the house. ' Living accommodations at ·reasonable prices are The Christian comments: "When it furnished to between two hundred is remembered what the orthodox and two hundred and fifty girls and Russian Church has stood for in days women. A special committee on en- gone by, and how it has resorted to tertainments plans for a succession of persecution, e. g., against the Stunmusical entertainments, musicales, le<;- dists, it is not difficult to understand tures, plays and motion pictures. the reaction against it. The 'Atheism' of the revolutionaries may not be Waldensians in the WU Atheism at all; it is more likely to be sheer ignorance, Many of the revo- "OVER 4,000 Waldensian sol- lutionaries have never seen pure and diers are with the' colors," undefiled Christianity; they know it only through the mists of a very dense writes an Italian pastor. Five pastors superstition. None the less, the antiare chaplains, and the Government religious temper or the leaders is di5has appointed a chaplain for the Protestant prisoners interned in Italy. Already a number of Waldensian of-

quieting. The enlightened in Russia from Australasia to any of the fields now have the opportunity of showing of the society, and funds will be ad- what the Gospel really is, and we in ministered through London accord- this country ought by every means to ing to the wishes of the donors and aid them in the task." the proportion of need in different fields. But the great neighbor island ISLANDS OF THE SEA will become a special Australasi;m in- Savagery in New Hebrides terest and responsibility.-Congrega- tionalist.

M EMORIES of the wonderful work accomplished by Dr. John A New Problem in Fiji T R. Paton in the New Hebrides must HE conversion of the Fijians not lead one to think of that field as from heathenism was such a no- Christianized. Rev. Frank Paton table achievement that some think of writes of the savage practices of some the islands as wholly Christianized.

of his neighbors as follows: .But a new element has come in with "Lately a planter asked me to hold the advent of the British East In- a burial service at the graves of his dians, and now about seventy-five per partner and five boys who had been cent of the 55,000 inhabitants are murdered by the bushmen twenty miles Hindus, including some 15,000 Mo- from here. I called for him. and when hammedans. These conditions con- we reached the place I noted only four stitute a serious problem for the graves of children, the fifth having Christians of Australasia, who have been cut up on two bags and the body felt a special responsibility for these carried away to be eaten. islands. The organ of the Methodist "A native lately came inside the mis- Church of Australasia states: sion fence here, yelling and shouting, "Is Fiji, so recently won from heaand, to my great surprise, wanted to thenism, to become wholly non-Chrishit me. The teacher heard the noise, tian again? The Indian population ran out of the house and told the man will in another twenty years exceed there was peace. He then cut the the native Fijian population. It is teacher's face open. Other worse things have happened. A native, long for us to take steps now, by a wise friendly to 'the worship,' boldly broke and vigorous evaqgelism, to secure away and joined the Christian party. This decision so enraged the heathen the future of Fiji, with its many di- verse elements, for Christ'~ that they murdered him. His relatives For the Chinese in Manila A retaliated and so the usual vendetta MONG the Chinese popUlation of Manila, which is large and inbegan."-Record of Christian Work. fluential, the American Episcopal Plans for New Guinea Church has a flourishing mission. Bishop Brent writes: U NDER an agreement recently ratified by the last of the Aus- "Thoroughness has characterized all tralasian auxiliaries of the London that has been done under the Rev.

Missionary Society, the Congrega- H. E. Studley. Catechumens come to tional churches of Australia and New baptism and confirmation well in- Zealand will take over full responsi- structed. The reality of their moral bility for the missionary work in the purpose is best borne witness to by island of New Guinea, which before the fact that of the two hundred canthe war was divided between the Brit- didates confirmed since the beginning ish and German colonial departments. of the mission, only five have hpsed. This plan involves no loosening of "Our mission building is church, the bonds between the London So- school and residence for our Chinese ciety and the Australasian churches. deacon, oombined. It ought to be Missionaries will still be appointed devoted exclusively to the schools."

Through the Dark Continent. A will follow him even more interested-

ly, as he describes the mission work Record of Journeyings Across Africa of the Gold Coast, Kamerun, the two During the Years 1913-16. J. Du Nigerias, the Moslem infested Sudan, Plessis, B.A., B.D. Illustrations, map. Pentecostal Uganda, British East Af- rica, the Belgian Congo, Northern 350 pp. $4.50 net. Longmans, Green Rhodesia and Mozambique. The eth- & Company, New York and London, nological notes are valuable for the 1917. general student. Cannibalism is dis- cussed in an assuring way for the mis- Other important volumes by our sionary, though there is still "the author, especially his "History of bother it gives preventing one's black Christian Missions in South Africa," companions from getting eaten." Linpublished six years ago, prepare the guistic peculiarities are noted in the reader for something wholly out of Sudanese region, with lists making the ordinary. He is an Africander them clear. The physical environment by birth and has enough Boer blood of the various tribes is entertainingly in his veins to make religion para- described, often with much literary mount to him. He has been a fore- charm. Perhaps one tires a bit of the most promoter of African Missions, many occasions when the trickery and both in his professorial chair at the wickedness of carriers halts the minia- Dutch Reformed Seminary at Stellen- ture caravan, but on the whole, the aubosch, and at great missionary gath- thor believes in the Negro. In sumerings. At the Fourth Quadrennial marizing his experiences among pagan Conference of South African Mis- tribes (pages 105-6), he refers to sions at Cape Town, he was its or~ their smelting furnaces and forges ganizing spirit and helpful presence. and other marks of a barbaric civiliza- tion, their simple life as "the great Prof. Du Plessis' journeyings led unclothed," and deprecates the athim from Kumasi, on the west, the tempt to infect them with the hurry city of blood and the prison of the and impatience of western life, adding German missionaries Kuhne and Ram- that "all they need is the Gospe1." seyer, to Mompasa, south of the equa- His account of the Mohammedan mistor on the Indian Ocean. Thence he sionary and of the Moslem question zigzagged westward to Victoria Ny- in general in chapter XI. is most inanza and down the Congo almost to structive and interesting. its mouth. Again he turned southeastward to the Congo, up the Lu- As to missionary work, much of the alaba to where he connected with the territory covered contained· no sta- Cape to Cairo Railway and went to tions. In September, 1914, he had Broken Hill in Northern Rhodesia. traveled for five mpnths without meet- Here he plunged into the wilderness ing one Protestant missionary between to see the people and missions of. the Nigeria and North Congoland. Such Nyasa Lake region. Thence he went outposts as Mr. Studd's "Heart-ofto the mouth of the Zambesi, and took Africa Mission" and its neighbors of the usual ocean and railroad route the "Africa Inland Mission" were sQuthwestward to his Cape Colony oases in a needy wilderness. To look home. upon a white woman's face after six months without seeing one, and four Prof. Du Plessis is an experienced days' journeying with missionaries, African traveler without the expen- was heavenly, "despite obstreperous sive safari mob, such as ex-President grass, obnoxious bogs, precipitous ROQsevelt employed on his African mountains and unwelcome showers." hunting trip. .Moreover, he is always th~ .missionary and student of races and missions. As a book of travel this record wouldjnterest the general ~ader, but the cmissionary student

THE MISSIONARY REVtE'w OF 'f1HE wbRt.b

His panygeric of women workers in only meager references to law at the mid-Africa is at its best perhaps on present day. Asa brief conspectus of page 169. His paragraphs headed "In legal evolution through two millen- Praise of the C. M. S." are worth niums it has considerable interest. The reading; as are- those entitled "Dr. new chapter on the language and lit- Morrison on Tria1." The entire vol- erature reconciles· the reader to the ume has not a dull chapter among its loss of a valuable appendix on the twenty-five. Chinese calendar of the first edition.

The author traces the history .of China: Her History, Diplomacy and China's thought expression from the Commerce, from the Earliest Times early script, "names" only, down to the Present Day. By E. H. Par- through the increase to three thousand ker. 2nd edition. Illustrations and ideas, later to nine thousand words maps. xxx, 419 pp. Net $2.50. E. P.

Dutton & Company, 1917. and finally to forty thousand charac- The addition of more than one- ters-there are many thousands more fourth of new material makes this re- than that-three-fourths of which vised edition well worth purchasing Professor Parker regards as useless.

even by those having that of 1901. Tones, dialects and brogues and the The author is one of the best known relation of the present pronunciation and most prolific writers on China, to that of the past, and to certain albeit a man who repeats himself in regional dialects, are described and different writings. Long residence in discussed-not wholly luminously for the country as a British consul and the outsider.

his later studies as professor of Chi- The final chapter on the rise of the nese at Victoria University, Man- Republic is more important than the chester, make him one of the authori- other added ones; though when one ties on things Chinese from the textual hundred and twenty-three subjects are viewpoint. The fact that he is some- discussed or mentioned in twenty-two thing of an Ishmael, with his hand pages, the inevitable result of "sevens against all comers, makes his position confuse, eights mingled" of the Chi- interesting when he gets his war paint nese proverbial saying must result. If on. the author had enlarged the chapter In the old sections he discusses fourfold, it would have been a helpful China's geography and history; the contribution to his unique and valu- arrival of the Europeans from the able volume. While less authoritative time of Francis Xavier to the present than Professor Hirth's writings, cov- day; Siberia, Japan and the small ering similar ground in its early sec- countries to China's southward; mod- tions, this is a book that has its place ern trade, the government, population, in the standard literature on China.

the army, personal characteristics; re- La Mission Romande. By A. Grandjean. ligion and the rebellions. Dr. Arthur Illustrated, maps and charts. viii, 328 H. Smith, Dr. Timothy Richard and the China Inland Mission are also pp. Francs 4.50. Georges Bride! Co., Lausanne, 1917.

commended by one who is usually a The author, who is general secremissionary-baiter, save on the early tary of the Mission, puts the most Catholic side. fundamental facts in his sub-title mot- The three added chapters are en- to, "Its roots in the soil of French titled "Law," "Language and Litera- Switzerland, its blossoming in the ture" and "The Rise of the Chinese Thonga race." The Misison itself is RepUblic," though additions are also more truly described .in the fuller found in other chapters. Thonga race." The Mission itself is The new law section discusses the Free Churches of French Switzersubject historically, with contrasts be- land."

tween Chinese views and those of an- In the opening chapter the origin of cient Rome and Gennany, and with the work is traced to revivals leading to the establishment of the Basel Mis- the Mission, H. A. Junod, entitled sionary Institute, to the publication of "The Life of a South African Tribe." missionary news in the Magasin evangelique from 1819, and to the calling Chapters XII. and XIII., detailing together on March fifth, 1821, by two the medical, educational and literary zealous young pastors of persons who work of the Mission are well worth established the Vaudois Evangelical most important documents in the evo- Missionary Society. Within less than lution of the Mission. Another help- a month the Council of State dis- ful section gives on opposite pages a banded the Society, having "noted synchronological view of events in with pain that, through an ill-consid- Switzerland and in Africa. ered zeal for distant enterprises be- yond the means and capacity of a While the region described, North small country like this," they had con- Transvaal and Portuguese East Af- trary to law encouraged collections rica, have little interest for Americans, for such purposes. Even Dean Cur- the book itself is an admirable examtat spoke of the movement as coming ple of what can be done to write a "from foreigners who aim to make mission, history with enough color and the Vaudois Church an annex of Eng- concrete discussion of mission problish Methodism." However, the work lems to secure the reader's interest. of evangelization, of producing missionary literature and in 1829 the China Mission Year Book-With Direcstarting of the Lausanne Missionary tory and Statistics. Edited by E. C. Institute kept the fires burning, while Lobenstine. 8vo. 588 pp. $3.20. Christian Literature Society for China, alliance with existing sOGieties in Basel Shanghai, China, 1917 (also for sale and Paris gave their members an op- by the Missionary Education Moveportunity to aid directly the cause of Missions. Then the Lausanne Mis- ment, New York). -sionary Society came into existence which had its agents in what is now The Editors and Publishers of this Minnesota among the Sioux Indians, Year Book, Statistics and Directory, doomed to an early disbanding, while have put all friends of missions under in 1857 the Society itself ceased to a great obligation. The year book is exist. In 1874 the Free Evangelical unusually complete. A survey of the Church of Canton de Vaud (Presby- general situation in China occupies terian) established a society of its sixty-three pages and describes govown and sent to South Africa its first ernmental, economic, social and retwo missionaries, Ernest Creux and ligious progress of the year. Then Paul Berthoud.. there follow chapters on the last ten years' progress in each of the eighteen It is to the "blossoming" of the provinces and in Manchuria and Monunited society, made up of the Free golia. These are written by different Churches of Voudois, Geneva and authors familiar wih local conditions. Neuchatel, consummated in 1879, and The section on the Churches and the· the growth and subsequent fruitage Missions is viewed from several of the Mission that the volume is angles-those .of the Chinese, missionmainly given. aries and travelers. There are other sections on Evangelism, Religious The author has succeeded marvel- Education, Philanthropic Work, Litously well in narrating the trials, the erature and Interdenominational Insuccesses and the ever present prob- stitutions. lems of developing primitive Africans into good Christians. Coincident with The directory is very complete and this, Secretary Grandjean has done the statistics show an immense amouril much to extend a knowledge of the of painstaking work. The charts in Thongas, a work done superbly in two the pocket show the educational and volumes by a distinguished member of medical work, the union institutions, the geographical distribution of mis- sionaries and Protestant communities.

The ,book is of greatest value as a work of reference. The map of China for three thousand years where there are may be secured in separate sheets at scarcely more than two acres per capita, 50 cents each. The statistics are the and more than half of which is uncultivmost complete ever compiled and able mountain land. Japan's 20,000 show a total of 294,825 full communi- square miles of cultivated fields supcant church members, or an increase ported three persons per acre, or 2,349 of 28,000 over last year. The total per square mile. In favorable sections of Christian community in China is esti- Shantung Province, Prof. King found mated at nearly six hundred thousand in one case 3,072 people, 256 donkeys, -the figures, however, being incom- 256 cattle and 512 swine on a square plete. Twenty-one thousand Chinese mile, and on another mile, 3,840 peoare engaged in Christian work. The ple, 384 donkeys and the same number largest number of communicants be- of pigs, or 240 people, 24 donkeys and long to the twelve Presbyterian 24 pigs to one of our forty-acre farms churches, the next largest to the China which we consider too small for a single Inland Mission, and the next to the family. Complete a square, two sides of which stretch from Chicago to the Gulf Baptists. of Mexico and westward to the longi- These pages and charts may well be tude of western Kansas, and you have an area greater than the cultivated fields of the subject of deep study and earnest China, Korea and Japan from which prayer. Only about one-tenth of the five times our present population, or Chinese have been touched with the 500,000,000 people, are fed. Gospel. This was part of the situation facing Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Perma- nent Agriculture in China, Korea and our expert and he solves the problem of Far Eastern life in these pages, with Japan. By F. H. King, D.Se. Illus- trated. x, 441 pp. $2.50. Madison, many suggestions to the wasteful farm- ers of the Occident. If one does not Wis., Mrs. F. H. King. 1911. care to read his intensely interesting pages, at least read the. subscripts of his E VIDENTLY a new edition of a 248 half-tones. But in these days of most remarkable volume, it richly conservation of food everyone, not omitdeserves another notice. No picture- ting women, could not fail to read here and there whole chapters for the sheer book could rival this profusely illus- interest of it.

trated volume for any farmer's home; lt is not a missionary book, nor is it a fairy tale told by interested workers no stories of fabled EI Dorados could to quicken interest in missions in our equal this record of sober Far Eastern churches. Yet no one can read the book without becoming deeply interested in facts; no handbook would so early re- peoples of such rare patience and indus- try, and who, without any formal scilieve the fears of Hoover and supply all ence, centuries ago mastered the arts of our agricultural colleges and far outthe needs of ourselves and our Allies as distanced America's best farmers. Peo- ple so virile and capable and whose histhis;- if our farmers could follow closely tory spans millenniums, instead of cen- turies like ours, surely have much of in the footsteps of Japanese and Chinese promise for the future, with the new increment arising from budding manuexperts in horticulture-for gardens facturies industries, tapping unmeasured resources of coal and iron and other userather than farms are all that one sees ful minerals. If any man is hopeless as to interest in the "heathen Chinee," let in the Far East. .. him read this volume; and if the "pigmy The author had been Chief of the Division of Soil Management of the United States Department of Agricul- ture and also professor of Agricultural Physics in the University of Wisconsin, and, as an expert, he visited and record- ed his observations in the three coun- tries named. . He found some most as- tonishing facts that needed to be· ac- counted for. In our land of virgin soil, twenty acres are required to support every man, woman and child; people of the Far East are toiling in fields tilled Jap" has even less charm for him, here Complete Atlas of China. Maps pre- pared by Edward Stanford for the is the place for him to turn to lose all China Inland Mission (second edition). his apathy. Without saying anything 4to. 215. London, 1917. much about missions, our author has provided us with one of the very best This Atlas is clear, complete and acforms of bait for the missionary hook. curate. It contains maps of each sep- arate province amI dependency, and The Christ We Forget. By P. Whitwell an index to 8,000 geograplical names. Wilson. 8vo. 328 pp. $1.50. Fleming It is invaluable to students of China. The romanization of Chinese names , H. Revell, 1917. is that adopted by the Chinese Post and the Telegraph Commission. All Here is a Life of Christ decidedly Protestant Mission stations are marked out of the ordinary mold. The first with a cross. Various kinds of cities, l1nusual thing we note is that it is railroads, canals and telegraph stawritten by a newspaper correspondent tions are indicated by distinguishing and a former member of the British marks. Parliament-the author of "The Unmaking of Europe." In the midst of Living Christ in Latin America. By J. countless Lives of Christ this, written especially for "men of today," holds H. McLean. 198 pp. Paper. 35 cents. a unique place. and commands the Presbyterian Board, Philadelphia, 1916. reader's attention from 'the first page. It is scholarly, and at the same time Recent interest in Latin America practical. Mr. Whitwell is familiar will be stimulated by this book by a with the contentions of critics, but he Missionary who knows and loves does not accept their destructive con- Latin Americans and belives in their clusions. He believes in the "virgin future. The book is prepared espebirth," the miracles and the sacrificial cially for Presbyterian study classes, atonement. Intelligent Christians, as but it contains an immense amount of well as ministers and missionaries, information for all. will find in this study of the Life of Christ real stimulus to Christian Missionary Education in Home and thought and living. School. By Ralph E. Diffendorfer. Inside the Russian Revolution. By Rheta Childe Dorr. 12mo. 243 pp. $1.50. 12mo. 407 pp. $1.50 net. The Abing- The Macmillan Company, 1917. don Press, New York. 1917. Mrs. Dorr was in Russia at the time of the revolution, and has vividly re- T HOSE charged with the responsiported what she saw and learned from bility of raising funds to support interviews with Russian leaders. She the missionary enterprise are accusgives a picture of the scenes connected tomed to arouse enthusiasm by camwith the revolution, tells the story of paigns of publicity more or less educathe murder of Rasputin, and many tional in their nature. These "drives" other stirring events. She was with tend, however, to make more difficult the women's "Battalion of Death" the success of subsequent campaigns. when they marched to the front and The constituency, moreover, will be was on intimate terms with their f('und more responsive if prepared beheroic leaders. Her book was written fo(ehand with at least a general knowlbefore the overthrow of the Kerensky edge of other lands and peoples. Regovernment by the Bolsheviki. Its cruits also are needed to take the places chief value from a missionary view- ..If those already in service. To meet ?oint is in the understanding it gives such needs, text-books have been writof the Russian people, their problems ten, mission study classes organized, and their many admirable character- summer conferences held, student volistics. unteers enlisted.

But missionary education has a much larger task than merely to train support- ers and win recruits for the missionary cause. The horne and the church, the commu"ity and the individual, should

the power to discern human time he had unusual opportunities

need wherever it exists, they should be discover Latin-American sentiment stimulated to discover and remove the toward the United States and the prob- cause of human misery, they need to lems and possibilities facing the feel the warmth of human sympathy evangelical missionaries. This re- and the thrill of service. Missions is not port of his tour, conclusions and pro- an optional subject in the curriculum of posals is illuminating and encourag- study, an elective-like chemistry, for ing. The program outlined calls for example. It is a means of developing an more serious missionary work, fot essential and characteristic quality of the reinforcements, for union effort, for Christian life. better educational institutions for in- A text-book is now available which dustrial missions and for a clearer proceeds from the assumption that mis- understanding of Latin-American· sionary education is a phase of that character and South American needs.

training which everyone needs in order to be thoroughly equipped for Christian The Story of Lutheran Missions. By living. In Part I of the volume a care- Elsie Singmaster. 221 pp. 6Oc. Women's ful analysis is made of the qualities Missionary Society, Lutheran Church.

which, when properly combined, consti- Many a.re familiar with the story tute "the missionary motive." The aims of the beginnings of foreign mission of missionary education are discussed, activities in England and America, the significance and cultivation of friend- but few know about the pioneer misliness, the awakening and extension of sionaries of Germany and the Scansympathy, the development of helpful- dinavian countries. The Woman's ness, learning how to co-operate, train- Missionary Societies of the Lutheran ing in loyalty to the kingdom, the sense Church have recently published this of justice and honor-all in their bear- brief handb.ook, which brings togething upon the development of the in- er information that heretofore had dividual life and with constant reference to be gathered from many sources. to the best educational methods. While the leaders of the Reforma- In Part II the author traces the pro- tion did not stress nor, indeed, apgress of individual development more in prehend the missionary message of detail through the successive periods of the gospel, there were never wanting childhood and youth and suggests avail- in the Protestant Church of the Luable materials, books and courses of theran Communion those who were study, and appropriate methods of in- ~l1ed with the true missionary passtruction and training for each period. sIOn. The secretaries of mission boards, In a clear and interesting way, pastors, parents, teachers of mission Miss Singmaster tells a story of study classes, Sunday-school superin- those first faint beginnings of the tendents and teachers-all who have to Seventeenth century, when John do with the religious nurture of the . Companius, Justinian von Weltz, Peyoung, will find in this book: a wealth of ter Spener and August Herman stimulating suggestion and wise counsel. Francke were missionary prophets, Christian Co-operation in Latin America. whose light shone in a dark and un- awakened world. By S. Guy Inman. Pamphlet. 186 pp. Printed for private .circulation by the The story of Ziegenbalg and Committee on Co-operation ill Latin Schwartz in India, and of Hans America, N ew York, 1918. Egede in Greenland are among the Mr. Inman is the secretary of the real hero stories of the missionary committee that planned and conduct- enterprise.

ed the Panama Missionary Congress. Chapters three to six are taken up He has recently returned from an with the story of Lutheran missions eight months' visit to Mexico, Cuba up to the present time in India, Af- and South America, during which rica, China, Japan and elsewhere.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1918

ELEVATION Uun,," Sc. JI~,n

~s 'flJi",'n A'e~uf: J. (~. Ilartholomc New York Ci/)' 1917 AFRICA F.ach dor rcprcsenrs a Protcstanr mi!'oSion Mluion having in rcsi<lenct! at least one American, European. or whitt: Soulh Afrit:an Missionary.

NATURAl. VEG[TATION C==:l Vuodland. Grnssland. Under Cultivarion _ Fores!

J. G. Bartholom~w fu".",;c At/til nurto~ Sf. John IS Madiion A'fnuc AFRICA "c", York till In7 Each dot represents a Protestant mission station having in residence at leaS( one American, European. or white: South African Mis."ionary.

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. February, 1918 NulOU Two XLI: SIGNS OF THE TIMES A STUDENT CONFERENCE IN WAR TIME C HRISTIAN leaders in America are convinced that war time- when men and women are making extreme sacrifices to secure future liberty and justice-is not the time to curtail our efforts to give the Gospel of Christ to the world. The time when all foundations are being shaken is not the time to give up strengthening the foundation on which aU truth and liberty rest. The time when men and women are sacrificing energy, money and life itself to establish peace on earth is not the time to call a halt on devoting all that we have to promote peace between men and God. Greater tasks than ever are before the present generation and these make earnest, united effort more than ever necessary.

It was for these reasons that the Student Volunteer Movement called a conference of selected student leaders to meet at Northfield, Massachusetts, January third to sixth, in place of the usual quadrennial convention. In response, some eight hundred students, professors and other leaders came together, from thirty-six States and from every province of Canada, to consider the present world situation and to face the responsibilities thrust upon the Christian forces in colleges and universities to help extend the Kingdom of Christ among all nations. Under Dr. John R. Mott's presiding genius, the program was particularly effective and the students were unusually responsive.

Dr. Mott's opening address called attention effectively to the fact we are living in a shaken world. "The pillars of civilization, on which we prided ourselves at the time of the Kansas City convention, are broken. Education has proved insufficient, for the most highly educated nation in the world has become the most dangerous. The world is struggling beneath an almost intolerable load of debt, physical suffering,

disease and moral failure. Europe and the West must now be moulded anew. While the world is responsive and teachable is the time to strike the hardest blow that Christian forces have ever struck to shape the world's life according to the unchallenged principles of Christ-changeless amid all the change that has been sweeping through the world."

One of the most picturesque and impressive sessions of the Con- ference W.lS on the closing evening, when sixteen students from foreign lands presented, in short, stirring talks in most creditable English, the needs of their countries for help from their Christian brethren in North America. These students come from Syria, Armenia, Liberia, the Philippine~, Japan, China, Argentina, Salvador, Brazil, Bolivia, Uru- guay, Porto Rico, Ceylon and India.

Other speakers, including Robert E. Speer and Robert P. Wilder, who helped to found the Student Volunteer Movement; Dr. James L.

Barton and Bishop McDowell, emphasized the great responsibility rest- ing upon our colleges in view of this world situation. A deep impression made was that hundreds of students would go from this conference back to their colleges, ready to lead their comrades into undertaking a task which cannot be discharged by simply gathering funds for foreign mis- sions, or even by sending some of their number as foreign missionaries.

As one of the speakers expressed it, "we must evangelize the unevan- gelized portions of life itself." Christian principles must be given wider application within the college communities themselves'. Only a task great enough and hard enough to challenge all the resourcefulness and energy of the students of North America should be set before them.

This conviction led to the drafting of the following program, which was enthusiastically adopted: I. To enlist 200,000 different students in study and discussion of Christian principles based on: (a) The life and teaching of Jesus Christ; (b) the need of these principles in the world today; (c) the need of these principles in North America today.

2. A call for decision on the part of students to live these prin- ciples, at whatever cost, on the campus in the nation and in the world.

3. A sufficient number of qualified men and women to evangelize the world in this generation.

4. At least one-half million dollars during the academic year, 1918-1919, for the evangelization of the world, and sufficient funds to meet our obligations to the War Wark.

The student leaders expect close co-operation between the colleges and the churches in carrying out these proposals. The funds raised are to be expended through the regular denominational agencies to which the colleges are related; through interdenominational agencies, such as union colleges on foreign fields, and through the work of the Student Christian Associations abroad.

SIGNS OF THE

The conference powerfully brought home the fact that, even in the midst of war, missions are of unprecedented importance and that the call for missionary expansion now, even while nations are under the weightiest of burdens, must be answered at all costs. It is for young men and young women to register their decisions for life work. Young men may be obliged to postpone special preparation and entry into the work of evangelizing the world because of obligations to their country in its time of need; but the determination of a great life purpose will make all the richer their experience in national service. It will mak.e their influence larger among their fellows, and amid the restlessness and confusion of the days of readjustment following the close of the war, they will have a clearer goal toward which they can immediately direct their steps. The spirit engendered and manifested at Northfield may be expected to produce a powerful effect throughout the United States and Canada by extending the spirit of devotion, sacrifice and loyalty to Christ, with a readiness to serve men of all nations and to lead them into the Kingdom of God.

CASTING OUT THE DEMON T HE effect of intoxicating drink is strikingly like the Biblical reports of demon possession. '{he loss of self-control and of self-respe~t, the tendency to yield to base passions and the evil consequences that follow, all show the kinship between the two forms of evil-spirit, and yet, in spite of all the disability, poverty, disease, murder, arson, cruelty, immorality and other forms of crime that have resulted from the use of intoxicants as a beverage, the governments have continued to license their manufacture and sale.

For many years temperance and total abstinence societies, prohibi- tion parties and anti-saloon leagues have fought to deliver men from the degrading habit of strong drink, and have battled to make the traffic illegal. Preliminary skirmishes have occasionally been won, but it has taken the great world-war, with all its suffering and horrors, to bring nations to their senses. Russia at one stroke abolished vodka, to the inestimable blessing of the people; France also banished absinthe. England, however, still fears to grapple with the evil, and crime, im- morality and inefficiency continue to be the products of the distillery, the brewery and the saloon in the Briti::.h Isles.

In America a great victory has been won. Following the action by the House of Representatives, the United States Senate has passed, by a large majority, a resolution embodying an Amendment to the Constitution which, if ratified by the separate States, will prohibit the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation or exportation of all alcoholic beverages. The Constitution itself provides that such, an , Amendment must be ratified by three-fourths of the .states by legislative

action; the Congressional prohibitory Amendment gives them seven years to make this ratification, and states that the Amendment shall take effect one year after its ratification. Thus, if thirty-six States ratify tfle Amendment within the next seven years, the United States will be ''bone dry" in 1926. The Mississippi and the Virginia Legislatures have already ratified the Amendment.

Clergymen, women, business organizations, physicians and educators have all advocated temperance. Economy, morality, health, business efficiency and intellectual advancement, as well as Christian ideals, aU argue for the destruction of the drug habit and the drink traffic. It is earnestly to be hoped that a campaign of education will be launched in every citY and town of every State and territory to convince the people that their own welfare and that of the nation demands the adoption of the proposed Amendment to the Constitution.

Already patriotic citizens in every part of the nation are lining up on the side of national prohibition. Towns and cities are refusing to license saloons. Washington, the national capital, is "dry"; breweries are advertising the manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages, distilleries are being turned into commercial alcohol plants, ice-plants and bakeries, and saloons are going out of business.

Even before the States take their final action great benefit may be expected from the action of Congress. The drink traffic is discredited; during the war, millions of tons of grain are saved for food; much alcohol will be reserved for medical and commercial uses, temptation will be lessened or taken from multitudes of men and women, and immense sums of money that have been worse than wasted may now be set free for constructive work.

There is reason to hope that the demon of strong drink will be cast out, but after that-what? Will seven other worse demons come in his place? For any permanent good the Spirit of God must come to dwell in the individual American, and must control the ideals and the program and the forces of the nation. Driving out evil is not sufficient. The door must be opened to admit the good-the supreme good-God.

" TCONSTRUCTIVE STATESMANSHIP IN CHINA HE present situation in the world is unique in the history of the Christian religion; unique in opportunity, unique in danger, unique in responsibility, unique in duty. The Church is confronting a rapidly climaxing world-crisis; stupendous changes are constituting the greatest single opportunity which has ever confronted the Christian religion, and it is an opportunity that will not linger." This statement is as true in regard to China as it is in regard to the world as a whole.

Unique situations demand statesmanlike methods. For one hundred

I 5 ] SIGNS OF THE

and ten years Protestant missionary forces have been at work in China, and today over 140 societies, with 5,744 Protestant missionaries, are located in 9 I7 stations with 6,222 out-stations. For the most J)a'rt these workers have been laboring independently, often overlapping, whue luge regions were neglected. Many missions have had no large, Sarreaching policy, but have been content to work, each in its own field, without reference to the whole problem, and knowing little of what others were doing.

In the last five years a decided advance step has been taken in cooperation between Protestant organizations, and the good result5 are already evident. Without discrediting denominational beliefs and policies, the Protestant missions in China have for five years been working out a basis for co-operative effort. The China Continuation Committee was founded in Shanghai on March 15, 1913, at the time of the visit of Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference. The purpose of this committee is to survey the whole field of China, to study the main problems of Chinese evangelization, to take stock of the forces at work for the physical, moral, educational and spiritual uplift of the people, and to bring these foree5 into cooperation so far as is practicable, to bring the whole Message of Christ to the whole of China. Missionary leaders and Chinese Christians were convinced that there must be some such international and interdenominational body formed to unite and direct the forces now at work in China.

The reports of the general and sub-committees are printed in the China Church year book, and show the excellent results of the Continuation Committee work. The central offi.ce has been a clearing house for missionary information, and a center from which informatioo and inspiration have been scattered. Many of the results will appear only as the years go by, and will be indirect. The greatest effect has been the spirit of fellowship among missionaries and the increased readiness to co-operate. As in other countries, the functions of the Committee have not been legislative and executive, but consultative and advisory.

Some of the recent achievements of the China Continuation Committee should be duplicated in all mission fields. They mark a decided advance in missionary statesmanship: ( I) The Bureau of Information has served the missionary force, the native church and the secular press. Books on evangelism, prayer and other subjects have been listed; bulletins have been published describing evangelistic plans and methods in various parts of China and India. ( 2) The Committee has a}j() taken up many problems, such as needy fields, breaches of comity, the location of new missions, simplified writing of Chinese, etc. (3) Valuable statistics have been gathered and published, as have also charts and reports of various departments of work. (4) The Committee has been a decided force in promoting comity and co-operation; has helped

.direct the preparation of missionaries; has promoted the distribution of Christian literature, and has united forces in advance evangelistic effort. (5) The Committee has acted in behalf of all societies in giving r.elief to missionaries and institutions brought into distress through the war.

Probably the greatest benefit of this union Committee is the broad -vision it has given to the whole missionary force, and the impulse that has come to view the task as a whole and to lead all societies to unite .in making adequate plans for the future of the Church in China. Some of the items in the program for the present year are plans for the Eddy Evangelistic Campaign, a pronouncement on the attitude of the Church toward ancestor worship, the promotion of family worship, plans for better Bible study, etc.

Many influential missionaries believe that still greater benefits .would be realized if the members of the Continuation Committee were elected by their missions, and if their decisions were made legislative .and mandatory. The time may come when such a body will be created in each field, having executive powers. In the meantime, emphasis is laid on the need to cultivate the spirit of unity and on the prime necessity for dependence on spiritual methods and the power that comes only from God.

NATIONAL PROGRESS IN CHINA I F THE war in Europe had not so absorbed our attention during the past three years and a half, the events in China would have com- · manded more notice. The changes that have taken place are in part the result of silent forces long at work, and in part they are the effect of disturbances elsewhere. Their significance is such that in ordinary times the whole world would pause to attend. There has been the death struggle of a passing civilization-strife to regain autocratic '-control, renewed or intensified by the strife in Europe. The silent forces have been education and Christianity, the foundation of true civilization.

Seventeen years ago the Boxer outbreak brought about the downfall of the old order in China. Six years ago the monarchy was overthrown and the new order established. Few Westerners realize the full. significance of the change, or understand the value to civilization, if the ·struggle for Christian liberty is successful.

The new order has been full of uncertainty, with four presidents and two brief monarchical restorations in the six years. Local disturbances, sectional disorders and national suspense have followed. There have ·been discussion, fighting, pillage; but, on the whole, little bloodshed and a general progression toward security and order.

After the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai ended with his ·sudden death the people hoped for order and progress. Then a conflict arose between the military and the republican parties that culminated in

OF THE

a seven-day restoration of the boy Emperor. While democracy suffered a temporary check, it is evident that the monarchy is gone forever. There is still conflict between republican and militarist, and it is expected that the issue of the struggle will still be constitutional liberty.

The movement to restore Confucianism as the State religion was one reactionary attempt of the year. This was opposed not only by Christians, but by Buddhists, Mohammedans and others. The failure of the attempt is considered an assurance that religious liberty will prevail.

The Christian missionaries, the Young Men's Christian Association and other quiet forces have been shaping the ideals of the Chinese of influence and of students for their part in local and national affairs. Schools, literature, lectures, educational conferences, athletic meets, health campaigns and evangelistic efforts have contributed much toward raising the ideals of the people. National Christian leaders have been trained and churches are growing in self-support.

Presidents and teachers of government schools have reiterated the testimony of former years that the old religions do not sustain the character of their students, that the new patriotism does not do it, for it flares and wanes and selfish interests ever recur. "What is needed," thev say, "is a force to stay the characters of men in a changing civi1izatio~, and to center their unselfish thought on their country's need." Christianty supplies this need.

China has now over half a million Protestant Christians, of whom 295,000 are communicants in 4,000 churches. There is an increasing number of national leaders in educational and public life who are coming out on the side of Christ.

A STAND AGAINST IDOLATRY IN INDIA O NE of the striking developments of the mass movements in India is the .way in which the missionaries are enlisting the influence of the Chaudhris, the natural village leaders. Rev. Rockwell Clancy, of Allahabad, tells a remarkable story of a group of Chaudhris who were asked to join together in a fight against idolatry, heathen festivals, feasts for the dead and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. After consultation the Christian preacher wrote down what they had promised, and they made their marks with their thumbs dipped in ink. Not long after, when some of these. men were at a wedding at which an offering was made at a heathen shrine, these Chaudhris refused to eat of the idolatrous feast. The same Chaudhris are now talking of building a small church or schoolhouse in their village where they can have worship on Sundays and school on week days.

In other parts of India, thousands of people whose names are recorded for baptism are not yet baptized because the missionaries cannot supply teachers as fast as the people want to come.

JBDXTOruAlL COMMENT ~

~"UG1JI law LKriI"er7; LHHJ I ~iRi,,' , 'Vj) FIRST-OUR COUNTRY OR OUR GOD O NE of the great lessons to be learned from the present war and the causes that led up to it, is the obvious one that the world is greater than anyone country, humanity is greater than any one race, and the Church of Christ is greater than anyone denomina- tion. It takes a world war to draw some of us out of our provincialism and out of sectarianism. .

It is unquestionably best for mankind that patriotism should be promoted so that each citizen may have the incentive to develop the resources of his own country, and take a pride in seeing his nation stand for the best. As men are constituted, it is also good that ev~ry Chris- tian should be loyal to his own particular creed and denomination, so far as that branch of the church is truly loyal to Christ. The time has come, however, when every intelligent man or woman must place the wel- fare of the world before the prosperity of his own country, when the needs of men of any land or race must have prior claim to the comforts and luxuries of family and nation. The same is true of the Church. One who thinks that his own denomination comprises the Church of Christ must be blind and deaf; one who fails to realize that all men have an equal right to the blessings of Christ's gospel has not yet comprehended that gospel.

The war must lead us to recognize the fact that "God hath made of one. blood all nations for to dwell on the face of all the earth," and that what affects one must affect all. One nation cannot be selfish or heathenish and other more enlightened nations not be contaminated.

The world to be safe must be safe for all. Mankind to be saved must all be saved-as individuals.

The war makes clear the other fact that men must unite on a program-not each section work on an individual scheme and theory.

There must be unity, if not union. The churches must face their com- . mon task together-recognizing individuality, but making sectarianism subject to the whole Christian program.

A paper has recently been sent out by the "Advisory Council on Americanization to the United States Bureau of Education" calling for united action of all forces to train into American citizens the 66,643 aliens who are subiect to draft. Many of these Italians, Poles, Hun- garians, Russians, Jews and others cannot speak Endish. There are T,500 foreign-language newspapers published in the United States and many of them are anti-American in spirit and ideals. The unnaturalized and undigested alien element is a menace to the best American ideals, and is often anti-Christian. The registration and drafting of these aliens and un-American residents furnish a great opportunity to educate them in the English language and in American institutions. Those of military age and others registered may well be required to attend classes in camps, cities and factory centers conducted by carefully selected teachers. The foreignlanguage press should be used to print a series of educational articles, and speakers should be sent out to lecture. At the same time the Christian churches should co-operate to train these same millions in a thorough understanding of Christian standards. The "America-First Campaign" may well be accompanied by a "Christianity First" campaign. These aims and ideals are not at all antagonistic or inharmonious. As a matter of fact, the best Christians are the finest patriots, and a man can serve his country best by seeking first the Kingdom of God.

A WAR PROGRAMME FOR YOUNG PEOPLE A N eminent English minister well expressed the Christian's supreme responsibility when he said: "Any religious effort which tends to build up the spiritual side of man's nature is doing as much 10 win the war and to make the war worth winning as all the armaments of the world. The great empires of the world fell because they became decadent, not in material strength, but in spiritual strength."

In a leaflet issued just before sailing for two months' service in England and France, Dr. Daniel A. Poling, associated President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, has set forth the duties and opportunities of the present year in a spiritual enlistment pledge.

"Believing that the present war puts a peculiar responsibility for larger and better service upon the Christians of America, and that it is possible for all to serve in some capacity, I will as a religious duty, and for the sake of my country and my fellow men, pledge myself to some or all of the following methods of universal service: No. I.-As a soldier or sailor, or in the hospital service, I will strive always to act as a Christian, loyal to God and country.

No. 2.-1 will during the coming year seek to increase in some measure the world's food- 8l1pply.

No. 3.-By food-economy and by wise thrift 1 will strive to prevent needless waste, that others may have more.

No. 4.-1 will preserve, so far as 1 may, the fruits and produce of the soil for future use. No. 5.-1 will engage in some form of Red Cross relief work, contributin~ money or making needed articles for those who are fighting our battles at the front. No. 6-1 will endeavor by svmpathy, prayer, personal correspondence, and in other ways to help one or mor."e of the men with the colors. No. 7.-Realizing that there is ·especial need to keep the fires of religion burning brightly in· these serious and critical days of war, 1 promise renewed allegiance to my church and to the meetings and work of my Christian Endeavor society. No. 8.-1 will strive to keep free from rancor and personal hate, and when the war is over 1 will do my utmost to promote the spirit of Christian fellowship among the denominations and the races in our own country and among the nations of the world.

There are also suggestions for organized correspondence j work for soldiers' dependents j Christian Endeavor rallies in camps, assistance to chaplains and other methods of service.

MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL BOYS GOING OUT FOR STREET

ON CHRISTMAS DAY-CHENGCHOW, HONAN THREE GENERATIONS OF CONVERTED MOSLEMS, KIANG-SI PROVINCE Practical Results of Work for Moslems III China

Moslems of Central

BY THE REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World; Author of "The Disintegration of Islam," etc.

China has a Moslem population estimated at between five and twenty millions. During the SlImmer of 1917 Dr. Zwemer visited China in the interest of Christian work among Moslems. He was unable to reach the distinctively Moslem provinces, Yunnan in the southwest or Kansu in the northwest, on account of the disturbed condition of the country. The uprisings between factions in Szechuan and Yunnan Provinces, and the difficulty of traveling so far by cart in the limited time at his disposal, made it impracticable to go there. He did, however, touch nine other provinces on a journey of over 4,000 miles by rail and saw Islam at close range in the provinces of Honan and Hupeh.- EDITOR.

H ONAN PROVINCE has a Moslem population of 250,000 and . Hupeh of only 15,000. On our recent visit through nine provinces we discovered that Moslems are found at all the great centers of traffic, as for centuries they have been engaged in the carrying trade. They are also prominent as butchers and restaurant keepers, while a considerable number are found in the armies, both of the monarchists and of those loyal to the republic.

Honan Province· is rich in coal and iron and the soil is fertile for .the most part. Three railways cross the province and make the centers of population easily accessible: the Peking-Hankow line from North to South, the Kaifeng-Hsuchowfu, and the Kaifeng-Shensi line via Honanfu and Tungkwan Pass. It is destined to pass on beyond Honanfu into Kansuh Province and will be the great future highway irito Central Asia. Honan was once notorious as one of the most anti- foreign provinces. Kaifeng, the last of the provincial capitals to open its gates to the missionary, was occupied in 1902. Until 1900 the province had only three Protestant missionary societies. After the Boxer uprising others followed until now 121 missionaries, representing nine societies, are located in forty stations.

Hupeh is the central province proper of all China, and Hankow, with its twin suburbs of Wu-chang and Hanyang, already has a popula- tion of 1,770,000. In the opinion of some of the residents, this Chinese Chicago and Pittsburgh, with railways, steel and iron works and arsenals, is destined to be not only the commercial metropolis of China but perhaps the largest city of the world.

Although, therefore, the number of Moslems in other provinces may be greater, those in Central China are most accessible and are sure to influence the others of their community out of all proportion to their numbers. The new mosque being built on so large a scale at Hankow, the schools for Arabic study at Kaifeng and Honanfu, and new indus- tries in the hands of Moslems at Chengchow seem to indicate the strategy of these cities for Moslem evangelization also.

Islam dies hard. While visiting the Tung-Ta-Sslll mosque at Kaifeng-and there are six others as well as seven mosques for lVomen-we were shown the ornamented wooden cases in which tqe Jewish scrolls were formerly kept when their synagogue was still· standing. The remnant of the Jews took refuge here and at last became Buddhists. Their old copies of the law found there went to Christian hands, but the empty case rests as a memorial in the mosque. How typical it seemed of Islam in China, with all its Jewish ritual and pharisaic punctiliousness in regard to diet and defilement, while the testimony to the Messiah is neglected!

We found the Moslems at Kaifeng generally friendly, and although it was the fast month one of the Ahungs promised to preside at a general meeting in a Chinese theatre, arranged by the missionaries of the Southern Baptist Society and the Canadian Church Mission. Another Ahung, the watchdog of the mosque, rather discouraged it and this ruling elder was apparently afraid that their broadminded Ahung who had been in Peking would be led into a trap. Our meeting in the theatre with lantern slides proved a great success as regards numbers. The place was packed and the police kept a crowd outside at bay while nearly a thousand people were inside, more than two-thirds of them Moslems.

Moslems here frequently attend the preachipg services at the missions. Many Moslem children are in the schools and the only question that seems to arise is that of providing specially cooked food for Moslem boys who are boarders. The most important question is that of abstaining from pork in every form, and when one sees the swine of Honan and their filthy habits one's sympathy is with the Moslems. Every restaurant or food shop kept by the Mohammedans has a special license from the Ahungand one can soon recognize the Moslem quarter by the "tea-kettle" signs with some Arabic words from the Koran concerning the lawfulness of pure food only. This sign board, cillled "paiza," has on it not only a crude representation of the ablution kettle used in the mosques but other symbols such as the cloud and the pomegranate, which show traces of Buddhist or Nestorian influence. According to Professor P. Y. Saeki, the Nestorian Christians about the ninth century suffered such persecution that many of them lapsed into Islam. Many Moslems of China are, therefore, in a real sense "prodigal sons."

At Chengchow the Rev. W. W. Lawton, of the Southern Baptist Mission, has for many years been in close touch with the Moslems. Many of them attend the church, and some have been baptised. Within the city walls there are 1,000 Moslem families, while some 600 families live outside. There are five mosques for men and two especiaUy for women. Arabic is taught to the boys and girls. This is an old Moslem center as it is at the cross-roads of busy traffic north, south, east and westwards.

We had two services for Moslems with about one hundred present

THE MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL CHINA

in each case. All of them belong here to the Hanifi sect and I was surprised at the number of books in their mosque library.

We visited Chinghua, but the Mohammedans live outside of the town in the western suburb and our time was too short to meet any of them. By taking a branch railway toward the coal mining district as far as the terminus and after that a tramp of fifty Ii through mud and rain storm we reached the important center of Hwaiching, a station of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission and a center of Moslem education. There is a large school for girls and another for boys. The Ahung read Arabic and Persian fluently and spoke the former fairly well. Their grammar is faultless but the standards of pronunciation are peculiar. At first it is difficult to understand them, although they seemed to have no difficulty in understanding me. The strong Arabic R becomes an L, the B a P, and all the final vowels are carefully pronounced in pedantic fashion. This is not only for the sake of grammatical correctness but in conformity to the open syllabic character of Chinese transliteration; e.g., haram becomes halamu, quran becomes kolanu, wajib wachippu, and strangest of all, one must recognize al Bukhari in the. form of al Bulakhali. The strong guttural 'ain is not pronounced, so that the Arabic '!sa becomes Ersa-Jesus.

A HOT ARGUMENT A meeting in the largest mosque had been arranged and I spoke on the "Five Pillars of the Faith." There was an argumentative Ahung named Chow, a petulant Pharisee, whose chief attraction was his ability to roll his eyes. After my address the Ahung waxed hot in argument and spoiled his own case. He afterwards said that the reason for his so doing was to save his face before the other Ahungs and also to keep the ignorant people from thinking that the two religions were the same.! He and other Ahungs, together with a large company of the faithful, called on us and I took occasion to say to Chow, in the presence of the gathering, that his statements of the morning that the Jesus Society was there to spoil Mohammedans was hardly substantiated by the facts -that the foreigners have built hospitals and schools, not to mention other phases of the work. He did not have much "face," especially when some of his followers shouted out, "No, no, no, you do not injure people." The Moslems are called by the Chinese "the people who fast."

The Ahungs were deeply interested in politics and wanted to know all about the war, but they had no knowledge, even at second-hand, of affairs in Mecca. No prayer is offered in this part of China for the Khalifa. The Imperial Tablet, in honor of the emperor, has been removed from its prominent position since the declaration of the Republic. In some mosques we found it in the back yard, in other places it was covered up. The use of incense, however, continues and is universal throughout China. '

The architecture of the mosques of Central China is thoroughly national and therefore the ornamentation is often Taoist, Buddhist, or Confucian in character, with dragons and other symbols of idolatry. When I called the attention of one of the priests to this, he remarked "Halamu, halamu I" It is forbidden but we cannot help it, we are in China I Another peculiarity of the mosques here is that the Mihrab is often built as a recess with very large dimensions. One was twenty feet in width and had tables and chairs, making it the seat of honor. Arabic inscriptions abound on the walls of the mosques, and often over the doors of the houses. Chinese Moslems have done the same things with the Arabic script that they have with the Arabs' religion: they have rounded the corners and tipped the characters over so as to incline to the Chinese angle and resemble Chinese characters. With a little practice, however, this sort of script becomes quite legible.

At Hsin Hsiang Hsin, another center in Honan, we met an Ahung named T'ang-who, who belonged to the Shathali sect of Dervish Orders. He had the Koran in thirty parts to be read in Ramadan. The inscription on the ornamental cover-case was in Arabic-"This box contains all the learning of the world." I secured a stick, in use for keeping the children at school, inscribed on one side in Chinese, "Noo Toim Mosque," and on the other in Arabic, "A blow from your teacher is worth all th~ kindness of your parents." There are said to be about 700 families here but there is only one mosque. In another mosque in this vicinity we found the scourge in use, which consisted of a rod about two feet in length with heavy oxhide thongs, a deadly weapon, and used to punish wine drinkers, adulterers, etc.

At Honanfu we met in the great Eastern Mosque an Ahung named Liu, rather self-important but better than his neighbor. He was suspicious and did not like my statement that we were Christian Moslems. He had several noted books on Mysticism, "The Perfect Man," "The Jewels" of Sha'urani; Persian books on Sufism, Persian sermons, Arabic grammar in manuscripts, and great volumes on jurisprudence. He did not want to speak about old and new sects. He said, "You Christians are divided, i.e., Catholic and Protestant, but Islam is it unit." When I pressed him a bit farther by mentioning points of difference, he reluctantly admitted that there were slight differences of belief. We saw the brass drum to be used during Ramadan to awaken the people before dawn to fast. In another mosque there was an Ahung named Ts'ai. He was from Szechwan and did not understand Arabic very well. We asked him why the Chinese did not circumcise their boys and veil their women. To save his face he said: "We do have these customs, but then you know," making a wry face, "Chinese find that the Arab customs are so bothersome," etc.

In Honanfu, within eight Ii of the city, there are twelve mosques and over 1,000 families. Three missionary societies work here: the

I 8] THE MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL CHINA 9S

China Inland Mission, the Lutherans, and the Roman Catholics. The Ahungs seems to have a large collection of Arabic and Persian literature. Many of the books dealt with Mysticism.

We met everywhere with friendliness and no signs of fanaticism, save in the matter of diet. Food was served us, but on no occasion do I remember that Moslems were willing to partake of Christian food in return, even a cup of tea was politely refused. One of the peculiarities of Islam in China is the emphasis laid everywhere on the question of diet and ablution. Moslem restaurants, butcher shops, bakeries, etc., have a special sign to direct the Faithful lest he be defiled by heathen food. Hogs are so common everywhere in China that Moslems make a special effort to defend themselves against this religious abomination. A special soap factory exists at Chengchow, in Honan Province, for the manufacture of soap that is ritually clean. One of the advertising circulars came to our hand bearing at the top the new flag of the Chinese Republic and the Turkish flag as well. The Arabic and Chinese text, recommending the soap, states that it is manufactured for the glory of God and the good of Islam, for fear that Moslem prayers may be abrogated by using soap for ablution which contains lard and other impurities. The circular closes with the pious wish that God may bles.; this effort for the good of the True Believers and is dated I335 A.H.-I9 1 7· I cannot better sum up the impressions of my visit than by giving our experience in the new mosque at Hankow. 'The old Ahung was a delightful host and explained the reason for prayer being held in an adjoining house. He allowed us to photograph the building operations and the pulpit. On the table we found a large collection of Arabic and Chinese literature, among others a little Arabic pamphlet, "Do You Pray?" published by the Nile Mission Press. and which had found its way here months ago through the efforts of Mr. Rhodes of Chefoo. He not only engaged in conversation on the Scriptures, but joined us with all who were present, in a Christian prayer in the mosque. It all seemed very different from the spirit of Arabia and Egypt.

Confucianism has not only torn the veil from Moslem womanhood in China. but has undermined the spirit of fanaticism, Chinese etiquette, their high regard for rules of civility toward strangers, their love of fair play in argument, all these have modified the spirit of Islam.

A great opportunity lies before the Church in China. but it is neglected. Not a single worker has been especially set apart or oualified by study of Arabic for the task. When the missionaries met in council at Chigunshan, Honan Province, in regard to the Moslem problem, they passed the following resolutions which I would press upon the attention of all the societies concerned: "We consider this province of Honan to he in a peculiar position of strategic importance touching the Moslem problem of Northwest China, for the following reasons:

"I. The province contains a large Mohammedan population, amongst whom are the leading and most progressive merchants; the type of Mohammedanism prevalent in the province is Sufism, which ought to make its adherents peculiarly susceptible to the spiritual claims of the Gospel, and very a.ccessible to the Christian messengers; many Mohammedan children are to be found as pupils in the mission schools in the province.

"2. That in view of the above we consider steps should at once be taken to inaugurate and develop systematic work amongst Honan Moslems and request the coming Honan Evangelistic Conference to endeavor to co-ordinate the mission!; . in some definite policy and organization, if necessary, for the attainment of this ~~ "3. That where possible, in strong Mohammedan centres, missions should be asked to set apart missionaries who would give whole or part time to the local work of reaching Moslems.

"4. That particular attention should be directed to the children of Mohammedans attending tnission schools and to the families from which these pupils come.

"5. That missionaries could greatly foster work among Mohammedans by constantly keeping before Chinese Christians and workers the desirability of reaching their Moslem brethren and should encourage and help them in every way possible to do this work.

. "6. That the exceptional Moslem situation in Honan lays upon every individual missionary in the province a heavy responsibility for the conversion of these people, and provides a challenge to every member of this conference to deeper consecration in earnest prayer and effort on behalf of the Moslems of Honan."

There are already signs of a harvest among Moslems in China. Shall we not pray for the school boys who went out on Christmas Day with their new flag and banner, and for all Moslem converts and their families? One of our illustrations shows a converted family, three generations of Moslems from Kwangsi Province, who have accepted Christ. This man was the first Chinese baptised in Kweilin, in 1902. Subsequently his wife and old mother were baptised and all the children. For many years he has been a Church Missionary Society catechist and is now preparing for ordination. The first Chinese clergyman in Bishop Cassel's diocese was a Mohammedan of high birth.

Christian literature for Moslem readers in Chinese or better in Arabic-Chinese is very meagre, but steps .are now being taken by the Christian Literature Society to supply this deficiency. Alas, there is not a single missionary in all China acquainted with Arabic who devotes him- self to this work, and William Borden's high ambition and great life- purpose still challenge a successor to volunteer for the task. Of all Moslem peoples the Chinese Moslems are most accessible. Confucian ethics has torn the veil from Moslem womanhood in China and pre- vented or restrained the spirit of intolerance so common elsewhere.

The mosques and schools are open to visitors; Christian literature and discussion are welcomed. Their long isolation from the West and its Pan-Islamic program and the loneliness of these monotheists in the midst of vast idolatrous masses incline them to be· friendly to the mes- sengers of Jesus the Christ. S. M. Z.

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A CHINESE PRAYER MOTTO A PAGE FROM THE CHINESE MANU· SCRIPT OF REV. DING LI·MEI Center: Pray for One Another; Top: Name of Prayer Group; Left: CO'operate, Eph. 4:3; Right: Love, Forbear, Eph. 4:2 Bottom: John 14:13 The Prayer-Life of Chinese Christians BY DING LI-MEI, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for the Ministry in China I N the history of the Christian Church, beginning with her Lord Jesus Christ Himself and continuing through His apostles, all Chris- tians who have been filled with wisdom and good works have held prayer to be a sacred service of prime importance.

The Gospel has now been preached in China for over a century, in her twenty-two provinces, as well as in distant territory like Mongolia and Tibet. Christian believers and inquirers number more than half a million. God has opened very wide the door for preaching the Word and for winning men to Him. Western and Chinese Christians alike will unite in acknowledging that the chief explanation for this is to be found in the great volume of prayer for China's redemption which has gone up from Europe and America, as well as from China. The prayerlife of Chinese Christians has commanded my closest attention from my youth up. During the ten years and more which I devoted to preaching in my native province, and the eight years which have followed in which my work has called me to many other parts of China, my ears have heard and my eyes have seen many things in regard to prayer, a few of which I wish especially to bring to the attention of the readers of The Missionary Review of the Worid.

I. The first ,veek in every year is a time )Vhen practically every Church in China holds special meetings for prayer, somewhat after the manner of the churches of the West. In some places cottage prayermeetings are held in rotation, and in others, bands of Christians go from village to village preaching. Blessed results have followed.

2. The prayerful observance of Christmas, Thanksgiving and other special days of prayer is growing from year to year, and much good has come from such observance.

3. In these days family prayers is the habit in too few Christian homes. There are many hindrances, yet we cannot fail to see that the absence of this habit has much to do with the spiritual weakness of many Christians.

4. In times of national stress, or when the churches have confronted difficult problems, circulars have been issued calling on all Christians to pray. Notable illustrations of this occurred when the Republic was founded and later when a constitutional limitation of religious liberty was threatening.

5. Every Christian school, hospital or other institution places an emphasis on prayer by conducting a prayer service once or twice a day.

6. The custom is growing of holding a special retreat of one or more days immediately preceding the annual gatherings of the various denominational organizations, and the universal testimony is that such retreats bring untold benefits.

7. The hearty response given by the churches to the suggestions of the Special Committee on the Promotion of Intercession of the China Continuation Committee evidences the important place which the Chinese Christians give to prayer.

8. Many Chinese Christians live constant and sincere lives of prayer. I want at least to mention two or three.

In Gimeh County, Shantung, there lives a very poor woman, Mrs. Liang by name, over seventy years of age. She cannot be called bright; she is unlettered, and has no eloquence of speech. But in her prayers she is exceedingly zealous and sincere, and they are mighty in their working, as all who know her acknowledge. When she entered the Church she was the only Christian in her family or village. Now more than eighty in her family and over twenty others in her village are Christians. All of her own family but one or two are Christians. Not far from her home a church has recently been built, with schools in it for boys and girls. Another school for boys has been opened in the village. Although the prayers of many have entered into this fruitage, it is safe to say that Mrs. Liang's prayers occupy the chief place.

In the Methodist Church in Peking there is another Christian woman, Miss Pan Yuan Ying, who is much given to prayer. Every morning she prays for at least 135 people by name. She has a weekly cycle of prayer which she follows day by day. In evangelistic work she

PRAYER-LIFE OF CHINESE CHRISTIANS

has much power. Those who hear her preach, whether Christians or non-Christians, are greatly moved.

In Shanghai Miss Dora Yii has opened a place for Bible study and prayer, and formed a Bible class for women. For all the expenses of this work, for her own personal needs, and for her work outside Shanghai, whether for Bible teaching or evangelism, she looks to God in trustful prayer. She is truly one of the prayer-leaders of the Chinese Church.

A PERSONAL TESTIMONY This brings me to my own personal testimony. From boyhood I have taken delight in conversing with my friends on prayer and Bible study. Even when in school I joined two or three of my most intimate schoolmates in secret meetings for prayer and the study of Holy Scripture. I also knew what it was to retire alone to pray for fellow- Christians in school and church, whose zeal had become chilled, or for other important objects. Many times was I conscious of the Lord's favor in answering my most fervent supplications throughout these early years. After finishing school I spent three years in theological studies, giving myself wholly to a search for Truth. During these years the number of fellow-pray-ers grew, until by 1899 my prayer list included 105 names, of which nine-tenths were students. The list has continued to grow, until now, in 1917, it numbers 2,347, and is divided into three classes.

The first class is composed of eighteen smaller groups, numbering from six to forty-eight each, made up of those who have all promised to pray every day for all others in the same group. I keep a separate list of each group. The eighteen groups contain in all 342 names.

The second class has only the names of those who have made individual covenants with me to pray one for the other, and includes pastors, principals of schools, teachers, doctors, merchants, and military men; it contains the names of both men and women, of Chinese and foreigners, of children of seven or eight and youths in their teens, and also those who live in non-Christian families. We mutually remember one another and sympathize with one another. The strength of this bond exceeds that of any merely natural bond by a thousand times ten thousand. In this class I have 1,760 names.

The third class is made tip of those whom I have voluntarily selected and especially delight in remembering before the Lord and who for the most part are carrying large responsibilities in some phase or other of the Church's work in Asia, Europe or America, such as Dr. John R. Matt and Dr. Sherwood Eddy, of America, and Dr. F. B. Meyer and Dr. R. F. Horton, of England, a list of 245 names in all.

As I think back over twenty years of experience in intercessory prayer, the longer I practice it, the more its importance grows on me,

I do not know all the benefits which others may have received through these prayers, nor does it matter that I do not. I cannot refrain from enumerating ten out of the uncounted blessings which I myself have experienced in the practice of this habit: (I) I am so much with the Lord that He seems my closest Friend.

(2) My spiritual life is refreshed like the sprouting grain with ram.

(3) Justice, peace and joy constantly fill my soul as the light fills the heavens and I get uncommon strength.

(4) When I study the Bible I seem to see heaven opened, and realize that I am having communion of heart with Christ Himself.

(5) When I talk about the Gospel in private or in public I have an unshakable confidence that the hand of the Lord is supporting me.

( 6) My love has been steadily expanded until I now am conscious of no man in the universe whom I cannot love.

(7) When I fall into sin, whether secret or open, whether great or small, I experience an immediate rebuke of conscience, which drives me at once to confession and repentance.

(8) In all my work for the Lord, although the results are not ~like .evident or immediate, I do not know of any effort that has been 10 vam.

(9) Intercessory prayer has greatly enlarged my circle of friends among God's co-workers, and through the Lord's kind care these friendships will never cease, but will continue to grow, thus far excelling the friendships of the world.

(10) And best of all, I am not the only one who is trying to persevere in intercession. Others in my own and in other Christian organizations, both men and women, in church and school and ministry, have likewise been banded together in similar covenants of prayer these same twenty years. 1 am personally acquainted with not less than ten who have their individual lists for prayer besides the cycles prepared for the use of groups. They are unanimous in their testimonies to the blessings of this habit.

I know that the picture I have presented of the prayer-life of the Chinese Christian is not complete, but I earnestly hope that this brief statement of what I have seen, and heard, and experienced, may be of help to some who read this testimony.

Are we praying for our missionaries and for the work in which they and we are engaged? If a million people were on their knees night and morning asking God to thrust out the men and women needed, and to move upon the hearts of the churches so that they would provide the funds needed for their maintenance and equipment, we would see such results as we have never seen and shall not see until we avail ourselves of the infinite resources of our God. There is urgent need now of prayer that is fervent and effectual.

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1I)I:.;r….. . 1I,.~ …1·.. /f._1 If,"Y.rM.Cir$ 1917 Lightening the Dark Continent BY PROF. WILSON S. NAYLOR, APPLETON, WISCONSIN Professor of Biblical Literature in Lawrence College, Author of "Daybreak in the Dark: Continent"

T HE term "Dark Continent," as applied to Africa, is of manifold meaning. For centuries without number only very narrow strips on very short sections of the coast line were known to th~ peoples of other continents. Its aboriginal, and, as usually understood, native peoples are of dark color. It is a land whose people are devoted to dark customs and practices.. It is a land wher~ religion is a thing of darkness and blind superstition, where an Ezekiel might summon his hearers to witness "what they do· in the dark, each man in the chambers of his iptagery," and might promise a revelation of greater abominations dian his hearers had ever seen.

The lightening of the Dark Continent has been a slow process. We do not know when the first rays of light flickered over the midnight darkness of this continent. Beyond the tracings of history it has been-

"The land dark as midnight, The land of the shadow of death, without any order, And where thcr;~ight is as midnight."

Job IO:22.

In the sources of the light that now break upon the Dark Continent. modern exploration, commerce and foreign governments should be mentioned as supplementing, and co-ordinating with, the light brought by Christian missionaries.

1. Exploration. It fell to three missionaries to give tpe greatest stimuli to modern exploration in Africa. Krapf and Rebman, on the east coast, learned from the natives of great inland seas, and of mountains covered with perpetual snow. They visited the mountains-Kenia; Ruwenzori and Kilima Njaro (19,000 feet). Livingstone, coming from the south, crossed the continent from east to west, discovered the Victoria Falls, Lakes Nyassa and Bangwoe!o, and explored the upper waters of the Kongo in his search for the sources of the Nile. The l'eports of these men so fired the imagination of civilization that explorers entered the continent from every angle. Burton, Speke and Grant made extensive explorations north of Livingstone's travels, which culminated in the discovery that Lake Victoria Nyassa was the principal source of the Nile. Henry M. Stanley began his exploration in the search of Livingstone, and the work went on with multiplied momentum until Africa was well known, touching its contour, elevation, temperature, rainfall, vegetable, animal and mineral resources, and its various peoples, with their languages and customs.

II. Commerce. After the world adjacent to Africa had passed the stage of literal hand-to-mouth living, doubtless the first trade on the border between Arabia and Egypt, or on the coast lines where any of the primitive ships might row, sailor drift, was the simple barter and exchange of goods to meet immediate need. Long before the forerunners of modern commerce entered Africa a prophet had seen it as a land whose tents were in affiiction. It remained for the Arab, beginning in the seventh century, and for the Portuguese of the fifteenth century, to establish and develop the foreign slave trade which robbed the continent of its man-power. It would thus be easy to say much of the pernicious trade in slaves and strong drink, as well as of the degrading influence of many traders, and yet it remains a fact that commerce has accomplished rlmch in the way of lightening the Dark Continent.

I met a young man, fifteen hundred miles north of Capetown, whose aggressive spirit of optimism was contagious. Upon asking his business I learned that he was the advance agent of Heinz's pickles. Possibly a dyspeptic might imagine that the African would get on very well without pickles, but these and all other commodities of legitimate trade have their mission in spreading the light. Some "Christians" years ago were shocked when a prominent writer welcomed the civilizing influences

LIGHTENING THE DARK CONTINENT

of trade, that he hoped to see develop into tens of thousands of miles of cloth per annum. The typical African clothing for those slightly touched by the influences of commerce is a long strip of cloth, about eighteen inches wide, wound round and round the body, as far as it will go. Some- times it covers most of the body, sometimes a very little; sometimes it is ;" draped to give a touch of the Roman toga effect. Now when it is recalled A COMMUNITY HOUSE IN THE WESTERN SUDAN that clothing is always one of the first steps toward civilization, the ambition to see trade develop into tens of thousands of miles of cloth annually becomes not only a laudable, but a mos~ practical, if not a spiritual, Christian hope.

Thanks to Fowell Buxton, Wilberforce, and other champions of African freedom, the commerce in slaves and ivory that so long dominated Africa has given place to an ever-increasing trade in diamonds, gold, copper, wool, cotton, feathers, hides, grains, rare woods, oils, domestic animals, etc. All this is having its effect on spreading the light, because the African, through incentives growing out of legitimate trade, is being delivered from the bondage of the corruption of idleness. Long :ago Fowell Buxton pointed out "that the deliverance of Africa is to be

effected by calling out her own re- PAGAN ZULUS-MAN AND WOMAN sources. It is the Bible of the plow that must regenerate Africa." commerce was measured by the Livingstone was so convinced of hundreds of millions of dollars; this truth that he forsook tradi- today, by the billion. Forty years tional missionary work for explora- ago there were no railways in tion, that thereby he might open Africa; now, over the thousands of Africa to legitimate commerce, miles where Livingstone toiled which in turn would develop the in- afoot great trunk lines of railways dustry of the African. extend from north, south, east and west. Numerous connecting and It is a comment upcm what com- feeding lines radiate through intemerce and its co-ordinate activities rior and .coast, making a· grand are doing in the lightening of the total of many thousands of miles of Dark Continent, that Central railway in operation, and projected Africa is now following daily the for immediate construction. course of the world war. Fifty years ago the commerce of Africa III. The foreign governments, was such a negligible quantity that from time to time interested in the Statesman's Year Book scarcely Africa, have also had their mission mentioned it. Twenty years ago its in lightening the continent. They were first concerned in maintaining ZAMBEZI MISSION BOYS IN SOUTH trading postsorpromoting sporadic AFRICA colonization schemes. They have ended in partitioning the entire continent among themselves. When all is said against the foreign· dom- ination of Africa there are but few well-informed people who would

JIS] LIG llTE,I'G TI IE D1 RK CO)JTTNENT

deny that for the most part foreign governments ha ve increa~ed tht' liglJt in Africa. They have established stable rule j they restrain savagery j prevent inter-tribal wars j suppress witchcraft, infanticide, burial alive; promote education, industry and .hygenic conditions. Exploitation has given way to the development of the country, and of the native, both industrially and intellectually. For instance, "starvation month," a period of about two months annually preceding the new crop, is gradl'ally being eliminated through the foresight and frugality of adequate provision for the entire year.

Perhaps modern gOHrnments A WEST AFRICAN MOSLEM and Christian missions find their IIis gown is covered with sacred amulets most common point of meeting in Africa in their joint recognition of the value of medical science in redeeming the Dark Continent. "No man can grow intellectually as long as he believes the fetich doctor can exorcise the evil spirits that make him ill, or sell him charms that make him well or gi ve him victory." It is a real discovery, transforming in its effects, when the African sees that there is nothing supernatural or superstitious III healing.

IV. Christian miSSIOns. After all is said of all that science has done, through exploration, commerce and government, in giving light to Africa, it yet remains true that real civilization can not be developed in a people without vital Christianity. "Simon Van der Stell, Governor of Cape Colony, sent a Hottentot boy to school, clothed him in military dress, hat bordered with gold, wig, silk stockings and a sword. He learned Dutch, Portuguese and other languages, and, on returning from India, where he had spent seven years, he threw his fine clothes into a chest, donned his carosse (a native skin robe), and taking nothing but his sword and his cravat went back to his people in the bush." It takes more than fine clothes and foreign tongues to make a Christian, Rev. James Bryant, of South Africa, wrote in 1849: "Of fourteen young men who have left my employ within two years, one has since been converted at another station, and, of course, clothes

himself; the other thirteen have gone back to their heathen friends and go as naked as ever. Wash a pig, shut him up in a parlor, and you may keep him clean for a while, but as soon as he is free, he will return to his wallowing in the mire. Change him into a lamb and he will at once abandon his filthy habits."

It should be expected that it would require much time and effort to teach the savage African "the beaten tracks of respectability." The surprise is that he adapts himself so readily to what he at first looks upon as a white man's importation, totally foreign to the black man. In 1816 there were only thirty mission stations in all of Africa. Two-thirds of these were on the southern point of the continent, and the remainder were scattered along the west coast. Up to Livingstone's time there had been some growth in Christian missions, but mainly around the few centres just cited.

Today, while there are vast stretches, notably in Portuguese Africa, the Kongo basin, and the Sudan (a total in square miles of much more than half the continent), without missionary station or itinerant, yet vast progress has been made in spreading the light of the Sun of Righteousness in the Dark Continent. In 1900 there were 560,000 Christian adherents in Africa; in 1910, 1,707,741, an increase in ten years of 196 per cent., or more than twice as many in ten years' time as the cumulative result of the hundred years of Protestant missions just preceding. Mr. W. T. Stead said that the development of Africa was due to three causes: foreign trade, foreign government and Christian missions; and that of these, the first had contributed the least, and the last the most to the development of the continent and people.

ASSUIT COl.LEGE. EGYI'T The American United Presbyterian Mission. One of the cetlters for enlightening the Dark Continent

A Soldier's Religion at the

BY REV. THOMAS TIPLADY, C.F.

Author of "The Cross at the Front" ("The Kitten in the Crater") I N eighteen months at the front I never met an avowed atheist. He cannot exist there. There may be atheists at the base camps. I do not know.. There are atheists at home but they either stay there or when they reach the front they realize that there are more things in heaven and earth than were dreamed of in their philosophy. They lose the enthusiasm on the subject of atheism which characterized them in the parks and at the street corners at home. They realize that atheism does not help men in the trench or when they are going "over the top." They may still have their own doubts as to the truth of Christianity, but they see that it helps those who accept it j and, amid the flying bolts of death, they are not prepared to destroy a dug-out so reliable and strong. They at least wish it were true and they think that, judging by its results, it ought to be true. They therefore hold their peace.

Mr. Arnold Bennett, the novelist who says that the war witnesses to the downfall of Christianity, has never lived at the front and will find no one there to support his views. The soldiers are not satisfied with the churches but they are satisfied with Christ. They do not want less Christianity, but more. Their complaint is not that the churches are too Christian, but that they are not Christian enough.

It is true that Christians love money, place, power and pleasure too much and do not embrace hardship, sacrifice and humble service as they ought as professed followers of Jesus Christ. Those who do live out their Christianity the soldiers regard as "White Men"; and they not only love and admire them but are ready to risk their lives for them. The ideal of Christ is so deeply stamped on their hearts that they judge everyone by it. It is their standard of measurement. They do not care two pins to what church a man belongs nor what creed he professes ta believe. All they care about is to see him following Christ. They themselves are men of action. They express their love of the right, true and free, not by words but by deeds. Their creed is not one of words but of wounds, hardship and death. They expect therefore like proofs of faith from Christians. What does it matter, they say, to what church a man belongs, or what creed he recites, if he is not like Christ and does not follow the example of Christ? To every Christian the soldier applies the measuring rod of St. James-"Show me thy faith by thy works." He is impatient of words. He wants deeds.

A chaplain at the front will lose all influence unless he has the courage to face danger and death. He, above all men, they think, ought not to be afraid, for he believes in and preaches the providential care of God

and the immortality of the soul. If heaven be a fact and not fiction, why should he fear to die? This point of view forgets how largely fear and courage depend on temperament and a man's physical nature, but it shows that the soldiers expect a man's faith to prove itself. If he is naturally of a nervous temperament and yet, despite tremblings and twitchings, forces himself forward into danger to do his duty and help his comrades, they think all the more of him and of his religion.

During a service in a field a shell fell a few yards from the chaplain. As they heard the sound of its approach everyone, soldiers and chaplain alike, instinctively rushed for cover. It was a most sensible thing to do, but the chaplain lost prestige because he ran with the soldiers. They thought that his superior faith in God ought to have held him to his altar. The officer who told me of the incident summed up the soldiers' view of the incident in a sentence: "His surplice did not save him."

Men expect faith to save and religion to work. The Christian, they think, ought to be the bravest of the brave. They are living in the midst of danger and death and they want something that helps them to endure. They have no use for shams and fiction. They want something real, wmething with a bottom to it. Atheism has no bottom. It has no reality. It does not help a man in a trench and so they have no use for it. Christianity is real. It has a foundation. It helps. They see the wayside crucifix and know what Christ did, was, and is. They know the courage Christianity gave to the saints and martyrs. They see daily the help it gives to officers and men around them, and so they want it.

The one spiritual need of the soldiers is Christianity; and it must be brought to them by men wao believe in it and are shaped by it. The American churches must send their best Christians to France. They must send them as chaplains, as officers, and as private soldiers. Christian huts are good, but Christian men are better. Christian huts are not allowed within four or five miles of the firing line as they would be in danger of shell-fire and might be turned into shambles; but men wearing the national uniform, whether as chaplains or combatants, have no such limitations. They are among their fellovvs in trench and billet, and their lives and teaching speak amid the burstings of shells and the cries of wounded. The first need of soldiers at the front is therefore for Christianity in the flesh, ·the Gospel incarnate. Give us men!

When the war came there was in France hostility between the State and the Church. There were faults on both sides. The priests and ministers who belonged to classes called up before 1905 and who were still of military age were allowed chaplaincies or put in the Army Ambulance Corps; but those in the later classes were compelled to serve as combatants like other men. As a consequence there are ministers serving as soldiers in every trench and battery. Vhat has been tpe result? One that was not expected, yet might have been. French interpreters tell me that the presence of Christian ministers in the trenches as comrades in

18 ] A SOLDIER'S RELIGION AT THE FRONT

arms has led to a religious revival. It has bridged the gulf that yawned between the churches and the manhood of France. The men are being won back to Christianity. They have seen its power in the lives of the ministers and have found that it helps them in their bitter need. Neither Christian huts nor books can take the place of Christian men. These are living oracles read and known of all men. Let the churches give their best men for service in the firing line.

In the British Army the chaplain 'has the rank of captain and the senior chaplains have the ranks of Majors lwd Colonels. The Principal Chaplain is a General. It has been found necessary to give them this high rank in order to enable them to do their work effectively. As a captain a chaplain can insist on proper opportunities being given to the men for worship, He can stand up for the spiritual work of the Army against officers who think little of anything but the physical training of the men. Officers become absorbed in their own duties and want all the time they can get with the men for military training. The chaplain rep- resents the spiritual side of things and his rank makes his representation effective, As captains demanding opportunities for the spiritual train- ing of the soldiers chaplains are minding their own business; and have as much right to ask for a parade service as any other captain would have to ask for a kit inspection. Our rank enables us to insist on the service being put in the regimental orders and in the order being properly an- nounced to the men. Also if any man has a moral or spiritual grievance we are in a position to have it put right. Without a high rank our work would suffer in a thousand ways.

The English Army has grown wise through the years, rt under- stands human nature, and the abuses of power; and it is with good reason that it has given the chaplain the highest starting rank of any branch of the service. The chaplain has the widest liberty of anyone in the Army. His rank gives him freedom and, on the other hand, his rank gives the Army power over him if he should abuse his freedom; for he is subject to the Army Rules and Regulations like any other officer.

The idea that our rank creates a gulf between us and the men is almost entirely without basis, Tt is a theory formulated at a distance from actualities and not an experience. As we are not responsible for the discipline of the men, we are allowed a freedom· of association not granted to combatant officers. While we meet the officers as equals we stand among the men as their spiritual representatives. We have no difficulty in approaching them and they have no hesitation in entering into conversation. They salute us and we acknowledge the salute, but, at the Front, a salute has the same meaning as a handshake in civilian life. It is an acknowledgment of comradeship in arms. Ranks vary but we are all soldiers. rt is the 11ason' s sign. Often the salute, especially among our own regiments, is accompanied with a smile; and our acknowledgment is accompanied with a "good morning" or "good evening."

Rank gives increased pleasure to a conversation or visit, for rank counts greatly in the army. Anyone who understands human nature, especially .soldier nature, will realize the value of rank to a chaplain. vVords are weighed according to the prestige of the man who utters them, and prestige is partly moral and intellectual and partly social. A man who has to be treated with respect by the Colonel will be regarded with respect by the private; and respect is the foundation of influence.

As captains we have a right of way to the officers and men in the dressing stations, trenches and billets; and we have a right to use the Regimental Orders, time and buildings. If the American chaplains forego this advantage they will live to regret it; for all rights and privileges in the army rest upon rank. It is rank that enforces rules. vVith- out rank they fall into abeyance.

While in the trenches and the little villages along the line one of the great spiritual needs of the soldier is a plentiful supply of good literature. There are no shops or stalls where he may buy books and he is too burdened with his equipment to be able to carry books with him from behind the Front. To get books in the trenches, or in the villages from which he goes out digging, he must either get them by post, carry them in his pack, or have them given to him by the chaplain with the regiment. There is no other way possible. There is, therefore, a great shortage of books where they are most needed. Only cheap editions should be sent out because the regiments have not enough transport to carry books from place to place. Books must be given away outright and allowed to circulate from man to man until worn out. No book is ever wasted. The demand for them is too great and the supply too small for any to lie unused. There is no demand for "goody-goody books." Those needed are good, strong sensible books with red blood in them; books that are really potted men. Provided the books are vital and real they are wanted from all sections of literature; for there are all types of men in an army. Poetry, essays, fiction, theology, history, biography, romance and travel, all are welcome; and all minister, if morally sound, to the spiritual needs of the men. But they need to be reasonably short, for the men have not time to finish long works. They should be sent direct to the chaplain of the regiment. They are usually given out to men who are resting in villages beyond range of the guns, or in camps at the Base. Every regiment has a chaplain. It is not necessary to know his name. If books are addressed to "the Chaplain of the – – – Regiment" they will surely find him, and finding him they will find the men.

There is one department of literature in which I would like to see America give a lead and break new ground. The Bible is too bulky a volume for a soldier's pocket. Therefore few carry one. The New Testament is, however, a very convenient size, and consequently mil- lions of copies have been given to the army; and every Christian soldier

A SOLDIER'S RELIGION AT THE FRONT

carries one in his breast pocket. But no one seems to realize the value of the Old Testament as a war book. Cromwell did, and fed his army on It until his men became Irresistible warriors. But no one since seems to have appreciated Its immense value to men on active service. I have seen thousands of New Testaments in France but never a copy of an Old Testament printed by itself. If the Testaments were both printed separately men would carry the Old in one breast pocket and the New III the otner. As, however, the Old Testament is three times longer then the New Testament, it would perhaps be better to make a selection of about one-third of the Old Testament books and print them together. nvery soldier fond of reading would make room for a book of such inspired wisdom and sweetness.

In the villages and towns behind the Front, and in the camps at the Base, the great need is for Christian huts. We want all the Church huts and Y. M. C. A. huts we can get. There cannot be too many and the good done by them cannot be overestimated. They have given pleasure and comfort to millions and have saved hundreds of thousands from sin and misery. The Y. M. C. A. ought to be supported with both hands. It is doing a magnificent work and will have a warm place in the affections and memories of our soldiers for half a century to come. Church huts are also needed. The churches will miss a great opportunity of doing good and of endearing their name in the memories of the soldiers if they fail to build huts for them. It is not enough to help the Y. M. C. A. The Churches must take the responsibility for their own members. The duty of each Religious Communion is to provide for the needs of its own men and it cannot escape this duty by merely helping the Y. M. C. A. or some other organization to care for them. Mothers should rear their own children, not put them out to nurse, if they wish to win their affection and acquire a dominant influence over their lives. The Churches cannot depute others to look after their soldier-boys and still retain their allegiance.

But, wherever they come from, we want huts all along the back of the Front and at the Base where men are encamped for rest and training. Then the workers in the huts and the chaplains in the regiments will be able to provide adequately for both the social and spiritual needs of the soldiers. The war is a magnificent opportunity for the Church of Christ to win to itself and Christ the manhood of the nation.

I believe that America will surprise the world by her military achievement. And I believe, with all my heart, that the Churches of America will rise to the full height of their magnificent moral and spiritual opportunities. May God bless all who fight for freedom and justice beneath the folds of the Star Spangled Banner.

A CHINESE WOMAN WORSHIPPING AT AN IDOL SHRINE NEAR CANTON

CAKES, FOWL AND PORK SOME CHINESE PREACHERS UNDER CARE OF DR. A. A. FULTON OF CANTON They reach yearly more than 10,000 persons in hundreds of villages and ma rket towns Contrast of Idolatry and Christianity In China

Days in South

BY REV. A. A. FGLTON, D.D., CANTON, CHINA Missionary of the Preshyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Kwong Tung, or Broad East, province is one of the wealthiest and most populous of China's twenty provinces. The broad West River, and the North River, with many smaller affiuents, provide finest facilities for an immense water traffic, and the southern part of the province is a network of canals and small streams, making easy of access scores of large cities and thousands of towns and villages. The boat-life in Canton is one of the sights of a peculiar kind that cannot be equalled in any part of the world. Tens of thousands of people live in these boats, which are of every length, breadth, and height, from the small, fast clipper boat, fifteen feet long and four feet wide, the home of five persons, to the big salt and wood boat, the home of twenty or thirty persons. Not only at Canton, but on the innumerable streams, creeks and canals of the interior are found other tens of thousands of boats which are needed to carry produce to the different cities and markets on the banks of these streams. These rivers and canals provide the finest opportunities for carrying on the work of evangelization. The splendid facilities for reaching the vast multitudes in one of the most densely populated parts of the world have been very inadequately utilized; and the time has now come when every mission having work in these finely watered districts should have a boat, properly equipped and supplied with a band of workers, under the direction of a capable leader. Such a sailing boat could be had for $500, and would be one of the most economical and effective means of reaching thousands of villages, remote from chapels, and never visited by any evangelist. Twenty-five years ago I began work in a hired boat, taking with me a native doctor, a graduate of the Canton Hospital, and three evangelists. My work was confined to four districts in the southwestern part of the province. These four counties are the home of the vast majority of the Chinese now living in the United States. More than half of the Chinese in United States come from the San Ning District, which is one of the largest and most populous of these four counties. At that time it was next to impossible to secure even the meanest shop in any market or city for chapel uses. The prejudice was strong against our doctrines. For more than a year we used the boat, visiting hundreds of villages; and by dispensing medicine and by small surgical operations we gradually gained the favor of the people in certain localities. and were able to secure a shop in the outskirts of a market town. After more than two years of work in the hired boat, dispensing medicines and preaching in villages, we were able to gain entrance to half a dozen markets. For some years

we confined our efforts to securing openings in other markets; and with these chapels in our possession we could reach the villages adjacent. Today the old prejudice has vanished; we can go into any of these villages and people will listen as long as we have endurance to preach. Here is a magnificent outlook, with corresponding responsibility upon the Churches.

Idolatry is by no means dead, but the persistent attacks made daily in the seventy chapels and churches in these districts against the folly and cost of idolatrous worship are undermining the foundations of supersti- tions. Of this we have abundant proof. We had secured with great difficulty a small shop in a very undesirable locality outside of the wall of the city of San Ning. Prejudice was strong against us. At the end of two years we were able to obtain a piece of ground close to the west gate of the city, and in a much better locality. This ground was purchased by converts and a small building was erected. This building was attacked, and would have been destroyed but for the protection given by the magistrate, who affirmed that by treaty right we could not be dispossessed of the chapel. After a year's work better feeling prevailed, and with increased contributions from Chinese in United States we began the erection of a new Chapel. The Gentry strongly opposed us, and petitioned the magistrate to refuse protection. The magistrate gave protection, but refused permission to erect a building higher than the roof of the adjacent idol temple. W-e erected a building at a cost of $ 5,000, worth today $ IO,OOO, and have since added another story. The idol temple has been turned into a wood-shop, and four similar temples have been given over to business and government uses. The Church i~ now too small to seat the members, and already $IO,OOO has been subscribed towards a new building to seat 1,000 members. The present building will be used for school purposes.

At Chung Lau, another large market town, we began work in a small shop with half a dozen converts. After some years of steady hammering the shop was filled to overflowing with converts, and members opened subscription books towards a new building. The result was the purchase of a site at the cost of $3,000 and the erection of a building that cost $12,ooo-all by Chinese Christians.

When the work in these districts came under my care-about twenty-three years ago-we had six small shops for chapels and about forty converts. Prejudice was so strong against us that it was with great difficulty that we could retain our hold on the six shops. Nearly everyone of them was looted and the Christians persecuted. At Chik Hom, one of the largest markets, a shop was secured before I had charge of the work. The shop of one of the first converts was looted and the convert driven away; and for two years the shop was used by soldiers. Only after much litigation were we able to regain possession. A few weeks ago I was at Chik Hom. The old shop had long been given up and a

DAYS IN SOUTH CHINA

new building purchased for $2,500. This building is now inadequate to the needs of the work, and in less than half an hour $1,270 was subscribed towards a new building to scat 900 members. In the vicinity of this market, which is on the Yan Ping River, we have reached scores of villages, and there are still hundreds, that may be reached by boat, that have never been visited.

Today we confront the most unique and magnificent opportunities for wide-spread, unopposed, evangelistic work. Some years ago I took Robert Speer up one of the high hills which overlook the country near the city of Yan Ping. vVe counted 600 villages within a radius of about five miles, and in another part of the same district we counted 500 villages within a similar radius. These villages are nearly all new, built of brick, and are the homes of men who made their money in the United States. I reckon that more than ten millions of dollars have been spent in the past fifteen years in the erection of new villages, and new ones are being steadily built that show gradual improvement in lighting and ventilation.

These villages all lie wide open to evangelistic work, and we are planning to reach these villages as fast as we can command the sufficient number of workers. How are the villages of China to be most speedily and effectively reached? China may be compared to a vast forest, with millions of great trees, but with a dense growth of vines and creepers that make penetration almost impossible. Superst:tion and ignorance THE CHUNG LAU CHURCH IN SOUTH CHINA Tbis churc11 was begun in a small shop with ten or twelve converts. Now it Ius a large eongreg<'ltion that has purchased lallJ and built this !inl' rllt1rch at a cost of $1 ;") ,000

are the thorns and briars and jungle-grass that must be eradicated before we can get at the tall trees.

This we can do most effectively by putting a large force at work to remove obstructions. Today, with these great doors wide open and nearly off the hinges, and thousands of villages easily accessible, we find ourselves in a position like that which confronts our own land,. with a vast aggregation of merchandise and ships insufficient to meet the demand.

China will not be won by the reception of Christianity in the large cItIes. That they will have a large influence in support of our work is true, but we shall not win China until we have· the tens of thousands of villages in which by far the larger part of the people reside. The resident in the city may have left his village forty years ago, but he will speak of that village as his home, and the ancestral temple will be in the midst of the villages where his clan maintains and exercises complete control. The city of Canton is the largest and wealthiest in Asia, and tilere are thousands of villages within a few miles of the city, but they will not be evangelized because of the future sure predominance of Christianity in this city. They will require specific, persistent attention by opening schools and by continued and repeated visitation until a number of converts are found in each village, and then we may look for their final conversion.

"China's only hope-learning." So wrote one of her greatest Viceroys. Apart from Christianity, China had not advanced an inch in 1,000 years. China, with hundreds of millions of industrious men and women and with magnificent resources, is undefended, disorganized and practically at the mercy of Japan. How will China become strong? How did the British navy become strong? By eliminating obsolete ships and constructing new ones. By the expulsive power of Christianity the old superstitions that clog and hinder will be driven out, and the purified nation will start on a Christian basis, and all things become new. Thomas Reid once said to Congressmen: "To talk of doing something, by means of something, if you don't specify the thing to be done, or how to do it, is a waste of words."

HIS GIFT AND MIKE "Over against the treasury He sits who gave himself for me. He sees the coppers that I give Who gave his life that I might live. He sees the silver I withhold Who left for me his throne of gold. Who found a manger for his bed, Who had not where to lay his head. He sees the gold I clasp so tight, And I am debtor in his sight."

BUILDIlG OF THE LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE

This fine building is splendidly equipped with all modern facilities for a "School of the Prophets,"

with aud1iorium, classrooms, dormitories, restal1rant, etc.

A Modern School of the Prophets The Bible Institute of Los Angeles and Its Work BY REV. J. H . SAMMIS, LOS ANGELES, CALlFORNIA A MONG the agencies for the speedier evangelization of the world, none is more significant, efficient and hopeful than the "Bible Institute and ~lissionary Training School" movement. Other agencies have proved inadequate to meet the conditions. The college and seminary process of making missionaries is slow. All men cannot spend seven years to fit themselves to tell "To sinners round vVhat a dear Saviour they have found." The Great Teacher Himself, did not ask more than three years to prepare men for that purpose; in fact, He sent out His first seventy in far less time than that, and ordained one man on the briefest acquaintance, bidding him go home to his friends and tell them how great things the Lord had done for him. Alarmed and ashamed at the meager achievements of eighteen or

twenty centuries of testimony, holy men of God, moved, we believe, by the Holy Ghost, resolved to prepare and scatter people who could not afford years of study· that they might, according to primitive methods, go "everywhere preaching the Word." Spurgeon, Guinness, Moody, Gordon, pioneers in this blessed work, were men of God-dear-eved, discerning the needs and opportunities of the time, and essaying t~ fill them; seers in the true sense, they foresaw the approaching apostasy, and prepared to meet it by training many men and women in the spirit· and letter of the VVord. They have sown the earth with a sound and godly seed-colporteurs, Bible women, church secretaries, pastors' assistants, teachers, evangelists, missionaries, founders and superintendents of Bible schools and colleges. The blessing of the Almighty rests upon their work, a fact which the China Inland, Africa Inland, and Christian Missionary Alliance Missions, as well as other efficient, independent groups attest; while the large contributions made for their support prove that they enjoy the confidence and commendation of the Church.

THE BIBLE INSTITUTES AND THE TRUTH While many professors and preachers everywhere are adrift, the Bible Institutes are holding fast to the old anchorage, the "Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture" and the age-long creed of the Church.

Popular faith in the Bible as a revelation of a righteous and gracious God is being undermined; the love of many has waxed cold; "doctrines of demons" are being multiplied and propagated, and gain adherents from the bosom of the Church. Many pulpits give an uncertain sound, preaching the renovation of the social order rather than the regeneration of the individual. Meanwhile, the great bulk of heathenism lies unevangelized, while men are being ordained and sent forth whose education has biased them against "the Gospel of the grace of God," and whose work will pull down what they should build up.

It is probable that many other Bible Institutes would subscribe to the following statement of doctrine which dedares the beliefs of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles: "We hold the historic faith of the Church as expressed in the common creed of Christendom, and including: The Trinity of the Godhead, The Deity of Christ, The Personality of the Holy Ghost, The Supernatural and Plenary Authority of the Holy Scriptures, The Unity in Diversity of the Church which is the Body and Bride of Christ, The Substitutionary Atonement, The Necessity of the New Birth, The Maintenance of Good Works, The Sec.ond Coming of Christ, The Immortality of the Spirit, The Resurrection of the Body, The Life Everlasting of Believers, The Endless Punishment of the Impenitent, The Reality and Personality of Satan."

Men who hold a creed like that believe they have something to

WOMA N'S LYCEU'J CLUB THE FISHERMAN'S

CONDUCTING A STREET MEETING A GROUP AT A SHOP MEETING THE J EWISH SUNDAY SC H OOL THE MEXICAN SUN DAY SCHOOL iVorkers of the Los Angeles Bible Institute and Theil' Work

preach and teach that proves the "power of God unto salvation" and unto evangelization, for their students are filled with interest and zeal to spread their faith and to sa-e some from the burning. Let all Chris- tians give thanks to God that there are still knightly champions of the Gospel, and give these men their countenance and their prayers; they need them in these perilous times.

The Bible Institute is not a rival of the theological schools. The Bible Institute of Los Angeles has upwards of twenty of her graduates now completing their studies in seminaries, and wishes them God-speed with all her heart, thankful that she has had the privilege of rooting and grounding them in the inspired Word; and she limits herself to un- folding that Scripture which is given by inspiration of God, that the man of God may be thoroughly furnished unto every good work.

The Bible Institute of Los Angeles is not of man; it is a foundation of God; not made, it grew. Altogether unpremeditated and inci- dental in origin, it developed logically from a simple, every day attempt to do what the hand found to do. The Rev. T. C. Horton, a consecrated servant of God, of strong and lovable personality, was called to labor as the Bible teacher of the congregation of Immanuel Presbyterian Church, in Los Angeles, California. Here he found a score or so of young men, whom he gathered together into a Bible class, inspired with his own enthusiasm, and pledged to meeting weeklv for' Bible study and working daily a,t the business of soul-saving. They named the organization "The Fishermen's Club," taking for their motto Matt. 4: I9: "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men."

Mr. Horton believed that the power of God was in His Word, and that it would interest and quicken young men if persistently expounded and pressed upon them. He did not hesitate to keep before them such fundamental doctrines of the Word as we have previously named, to show their manifest truth, their harmony with experience and their consistency with one another, while he kept the boys busy pressing these truths home on the consciences of their comrades. They became deeply interested and grew amazingly fond of fishing.

Shortly after the organization of the Fishermen's Club, Mrs. Horton began the "Lyceum Club," a similar work among voung women from the shops, offices and homes of the city. Many of these young people, when they saw the truth and discovered how the Lord could and would use them, became eager to consecrate their lives to specific Christian service. They felt the need of deeper study, and started daily classes in one of the city churches. This incioient Bible Institute was duly organized and incorporated as "The Bible Institute of Los Angeles," with Lyman Stewart as President, T. C. Horton, Superintendent, a sympathetic Board of Directors, and an able and spiritual company of teachers for its Faculty. This new born and rapidly growing institution soon felt the need of a permanent and well-appointed

A MODERN SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS

home, adequate to its present and approaching needs; the magnificent structure now standing at 536-558 South Hope Street, Los Angeles, is the result-a monument to the faith, self-sacrifice and sagacity of this group of servants of the Lord Jesus Christ.

We have been thus explicit in the hope that some pastor-reader may be persuaded that the young people under his care have the same tastes and latent possibilities as those of the Immanuel congregation, and will respond if in prayerful effort he endeavors to waken in them an appetite for God's Word and a zeal for His service. A Bible In- stitute may not be the outcome, but candidates for Bible Institutes and for the world-wide propagation of the truth will be the result.

The location of the Institute has been described as follows: "Los Angeles is the logical center for such a work. California bids fair to double her population by the end of the first quarter of the 20th cen- tury. The sum of her census should reach 6,000,000 by that time, and of these Los Angeles may claim a sixth. Practically a million souls will live within the city's limits. This Californian population will flow in from the round world; already forty-three countries are with us. Add to this our unparalleled tourist and transient population-we are touching elbows with the whole world. Now take your map. You see that what New York is on the Eastern Coast, Los Angeles and San Francisco are destined to be on the Western. What that city is to the Atlantic and Europe, we are to the Pacific and Asia; a more populous continent, more numerous isles, and a more needy hemisphere. Japan is our next door neighbor;. China only a door beyond. Alaska and the Philippines are ours, and South America's coastline embraces 50,000,- 000 as needy of the Word of God as pagan Asia. Mexico is on our borders, and in the last decade, over 33,000 of her citizens crossed them. The great canal has linked the seas, and the commerce of the world passing to and fro from Occident to Orient, discharges its immigrants and merchandise at our commodious harbors. This city with its assured metropolitan prospects and cosmopolitan concourse;' affording opportunity for the most varied experience in practical ministry; its strong Christian community, more than three times that of San Francisco; its unsurpassed climate, advantageous to student life, and perennial out of door service-is the natural seat for a Bible School."

The course of study covers two years and includes: Biblical Introduction, Book Study, Chapter Summary, Personal Work, Bible Doctrine, Analvsis. Christian Evidences, Missions, Sermon Preparation, Practical vVork, Teacher Training, Methods, Music, and Special Lectures.

These studies are pursued under the guidance of a world-renowned faculty, including such names as Dr. R. A. Torrey, Dr. William Evans, Rev. John H. Hunter, and Rev. T. C. Horton.

All work must be conscientiously done. Examinations are rigid.

Each graduate must have acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the English Bible as a whole; have outlined every book; summarized every chapter, and scrutinized every verse. The doctrines are studied under the guidance of Dr. Torrey and formulated only after a direct and definite process of inductive study, comparing Scripture with Scripture.

Much stress is laid on the study and practice of personal work. Students are drilled in the use of the Word with inquirers of all sorts, and must be in continual and daily practice of the work so essential to evangelism anywhere.

The life of these candidates for Christian service in the Institute home is almost ideal. It is pervaded by an atmosphere of quiet, joyous, sane, every day Christianity, where the life of faith, prayer and service is sustained and quickened by fellowship with like-minded members of the Father's family. Though so many denominations and nations are represented, the unity of mind and spirit is as pleasant as it is surprising. Here is realized the apostle's exhortation, "Be of one mind." One mind is a mental state, impossible without a recognized standard. The students soon come to know the nature of the Bible as a veritable revelation from God, and therefore accept its authority as the mold of their opinions and the end of controversy among them. They take It not for what it might or should say, but for what it does say; and their lives are a demonstration of their wisdom. Nothing would secure the dissolution of denominational variance like letting the Book do the talking, while the Church does the work.

The foregoing seems practical enough,. but the Institute has what it calls its "Practical Departments," where the student is led to do the work to which he has consecrated his life; so that when he enters upon the actual discharge of those duties he may' do it as a veteran and not as a raw recruit. This practical work is a great boon to the city and its local Christian agencies. Here between three and four hundred young Christians, overflowing with intelligent zeal, are working soul savers, in one way or another, wherever they go-not only in religious meetings, Sunday-schools, etc., but by the wayside, in the city resorts, conveyances, and everywhere else.

Besides systematic house to house visitation, tract distribution, Sunday-school -work, preaching on the streets, in shops, factories, car barns, etc., students carryon a Jewish Mission, an itinerating evangelization of the vast oil fields of the state, a Rescue Mission in the city, and a Seaman's Mission at the harbor. The Spanish work among th(' constantly growing Spanish speaking population of many thousand, is diligently prosecuted with excellent results. A corps of truly remarkable Bible women give their whole time to canvassing the neighborhoods of the city, pressing upon housewives and mothers the claims of the Gospel, and' the consolations of its support and promise; and their reports which may be heard from time to time at monthly luncheons

given at the Institute building, arc of surpassing interest and encouragement.

While, of course, each student is not personally engaged in all this life and detail, yet all have some part in it, and are living, moving and having their being in an atmosphere of devout, aggressive service, acquiring a knowledge of the spirit and methods necessary to the missIOnary.

The Bible Institute's "Biola" Press and "Biola" Book Room, are important elements in its work, the latter being a depot of attested Christian literature for reading, study and distribution- the former being especially for the printing of Institute publications, of which it has turned out millions of pages, particularly illustrated tracts in Oriental languages. The Institute also publishes a monthly magazine, "The King's Business," which is edited by Dr. R. A. Torrey, and is one of the most helpful of evangelical and evangelistic periodicals.

The Institute has lately established itself in the Province of Hunan, China, and become sponsor for the work of Dr. Frank A. Kellar, so graphically described in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW two years ago. This work is done by means of houseboats in which the students travel and pursue their studies, propagating the Gospel as in houseboat and town. It is proposed to increase the fleet to twelve boats and to ereet also an Institute building, for which ground has already been purchased, where after two years' study and service on the boats, the graduates may receive an additional year of preparation, together with such students from other missions as may wish to take the regular Institute course.

This Hunan Work is unique in form and rich in possibilities. The work is diligently prosecuted and carefully watched, and results are permanently conserved.

IN CHINA-~A COLPORTAGI': BOAT AT f1o,m / TRAVELING PULPIT How the Institute vVorkers Travel

the War and

.BY PRI~CIPIL GANDlER, TORONTO, CANADA BEFORE the war Canada was a young country, whose people were free from the burdens of Lmpire, were full of their own plans, and had little more sense of responsibility for the older world of Europe than a healthy growing boy of fifteen has for his aunts and his cousms.

The earliest of her people (and one-third of her population still) were French Canadians, simple-minded and devout Roman Catholics. With but little education, unable to read or not given to reading, contented to obey and allow the priest to think for them-they were a childlike people, parochial in their interests and outlook. Though loyal to Britain, because of the freedom she gave them in language and religion, they were out of sympathy with modern France as an apostate from the Church. Living their own shielded life, quite apart from world changes and commotions, they had little knowledge of world problems and little interest in world politics. To send their sons, or have their sons taken from them, to die on the battle-fields of Europe was to them a wicked and unnatural thing to which they would not consent.

The early settlers in the Maritime Provinces and Ontario were chiefly of British stock and of Protestant faith. They brought with them a love for God's Book, God's House, and God's day. They could not live without the Church and the school, and these were planted in the days of their poverty and early struggles. The first colleges were for the training of a Christian ministry, and these widened out into universities.

As the West opened up all nationalities flocked in, but the youths who went West from Ontario and the Maritime Provinces dominated the West with the ideals of the East, until there grew up a citizenship in four provinces west of the great lakes who led the whole Dominion in progressive social legislation. A relatively small population had laid upon it the herculean task of developing the resources of half a continent, creating means of transportation, and working out political and social institutions adapted to her rapid growth and varied condition of life.

What saved Canada from taking a provincial attitude and refusing to take her part in the world conflict? It was largely the sense of a responsibility as wide as humanity, begotten in the Protestant people by the Foreign Mission policy of their churches. Even in pioneer days they were not allowed to think only of themselves and their own new country. Seventy-five years ago there was a little group of weak and struggling congregations composed of poor people in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Here John Geddie dared to stand up and advocate the establishment of a mission amongst the cannibals of the New Hebrides. He suggested that the backward state of things at home might be the result of not looking more to interests abroad, and that a wider beneficence, which looked to the welfare of those beyond, would be returned in larger blessing upon the church in all her labors at home.

A little church, poor, inadequately manned, undertook missionary effort amongst the heathen on the other side of the world and, as a result, there came a new stimulus and a new ability to do the work at home. Young men offered for the ministry, a college was equipped for their training, the needy home fields were occupied, and congregations suffused with the missionary spirit rapidly became self-sustaining. The foreign work developed along with the home work until the Canadian churches had missions in every part of the heathen world, and were the first to have a national missionary convention and adopt a national missionary policy.

With a world outlook of this kind, is it any wonder that the Protestant churches in Canada were quick to see the world significance of this war and to feel their responsibility to share in the sacrifice by which the family of nations drawn together in love and common service? Britain made no request to Canada for one man or one dollar, but spontaneously and without delay the Government of Canada said: "vVe are behind you in this world-service with all our men and all our wealth." The call was given for volunteers and four hundred thousand men responded. In one denomination, out of four hundred students and other young men employed in Home Mission effort of one kind or another, three hundred enlisted for overseas service; and every Protestant church can tell much the same story.

Now in the fourth year of war, when Canadians know what war means by bitter bereavement in thousands of homes, they have returned a non-party Government pledged to see this conflict through; and by use of the selective draft for National Service are seeking to secure more men for the front without lessening the production of food and war necessities. The man who, perhaps more than any other, has made a Union War Government possible in Canada is the Honorable N. W. Rowell, a member of the Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference and a leader in the Laymen's l1issionary lVIovement.

In the midst of this tremendous effort there has been some divertillg of thought and energy from the Foreign Mission work of the churches. A few missionaries from China and India have been drafted into special service for the Empire such as they only could render. Comparatively few new men are being sent to the mission fields, and no great forward movement is being pushed by the Boards; but with all the other demands the givings of the people have not decreased and there is no thought of withdrawal from any field or any phase of the work. On the contrary, in the lurid light of this war, Canadian Christians are seeing as never

before that the one need of the world and the only hope of the world is Jesus Christ, that no nation is safe until all nations are Christian. Herein we may find a new challenge to the Church, a new call for enlistment in Christ's world-wide campaign of love-the only campaign which can put an end to war and make the nations one family in Christ. Had there been in European Christianity a sympathy wider than national boundaries, a love for fellow-men broad as the love of God, a recognition of men everywhere as potential sons of God-not enemies to be destroyed, but brothers to be redeemed, this war in Europe had never come. It is the lack of the very things for which Foreign Missions stand that has put a nominally Christian Europe where it is today. Had Roman Catholic Greek and Protestant Christians put one-tenth of the blood and treasure, which they have lavished on this war, into an effort to carry out the Great Commission of Christ which sent Paul to Europe, had one-tenth the number of men gone forth with the love of Christ in their hearts to declare God's message of peace and good-will, there would be no need of war funds today and, instead of a Europe filled with racehatred and drenched in blood, we would have nations united in love and brotherhood spending and being spent in efforts for the common good..

For the future we must take our choice-pour out our blood and treasure freely in Christ's world-wide campaign of love, or have cumulative sin and hatred call again for blood and treasure in war still more terrible than the present conflict. And so today the churches of Canada are making special appeal to the Christian boys, not yet old enough for military service, to count all things which appeal to youthful ambitions but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus our Lord, and for the privilege of devoting their whole lives to the importation of that knowledge to others. Our faith and hope is that, under the quickening influence of the sacrifices of this war, a whole army of young men and young women will rise up from the Christian congregations all over the land to follow Christ the King-ready for home service or overseas service, as the King may will-ready for life, or ready for death in that world-wide campaign by which alone the spirit of war can be cast out and the spirit of brotherhood prevail. There will be the same call which war makes for heroism, endurance and self-sacrifice, but the call will come at the bidding of Jove and not of hatred, and it will be to construct and not to destroy, to save and not to kill, The Key in Your Pocket Ministers laymen, yea, and women, too, often cry aloud in meetings for prayer, for God to open the windows of heaven and pour _out His promised blessings until there shall not be room enough to receive them," Yet all the while they have in their pockets the key that can open the windows-the tithe of their in- comes-and they refuse to use it (Malachi 3 :10).

Rev. John Newton Forman of

BY REV. J.·C. R. EWI:"JG, D.D., LL.D., LAlIORE, INDIA President of Forman Christian College O NE of the great missionaries of the Church to non-Christian lands, has just been called to rest. ~t!s no .exa.ggerat.ion to de- clare that, from amongst all the mlSSlOnanes 10 India, few, if any, could be found whose loss would have been so keenly felt by the Church in that country.

He belonged to a great missionary family. His grandfather, Rev.

John Newton, entered the Panjab in 1834, and his father, Rev. Chas.

"V. Forman, D.D., in 1848. Five of the children and eleven of the grand-children of Mr. N ewton in the course of years found a sphere for the work of their lives in India. One of lY1r. Newton's five chil- dren became the wife of Dr. For- man and was the mother of three missionary sons and two missionary daughters. Of these sons one is the subject of this sketch. The Newton and Forman families have given an aggregate of approx- imately five hundred years of ser- JOHN NEWTON FORMAN vice to India.

John Forman was born at Amritsar in the Panjab on July 1I, 1863. At the age of fourteen he was sent to America for purposes of education. He graduated from Princeton in the class of r884 and at once entered the Princeton Theological Seminary. Having spent two years there he entered the Union Seminary, but almost immediately suspended his studies in order to undertake active service in connection with the newly organized Student Volunteer lJovement. It was in this connec- tion that he became known to the great body of Christian students of the time, both in this country and in England, as he and his friend, Robert W"ilder, labored to place before the youth of these countries the privilege and duty of giving the Gospel to the nations.

Without returning to the Seminary he was ordained to the Gospel ministry in 1887, the charge to the evangelist being delivered by the friend and pupil of his grandfather and father, Rev. Dr. K. C. Chat-

terjee, who was visiting America at the time. In January, 1888, he sailed for India, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions, and with the exception of brief periods of furlough, spent all of the time that remained to him in the closest touch with the people of Hin- dustan.

In an attempt to summarize the qualities of the man, and the un- usual beauty and power of his life, the following points are worthy of notice. It is no part of our present purpose to describe the nature of the influence exerted by him upon the Church at home, in the months prl:- ceding his entry upon active service abroad and during his visits to this country. Of this service others are better qualified to speak.

John Forman was preeminently a preacher. To the public procla- mation of the Message of the Gospel he devoted his days, with a per- sistency, fidelity and diligence which none of us have seen surpassed. He was equipped with a most unusual facility in the use of the Urdu and Hindi languages. As a child he had used the former, and so he came to a careful study of the language at a later period, possessed of the enor- mous advantage of being able to speak India's languages with the tone and accent of the people themselves.

It was not unusual to hear Indians remark that they themselves could not hope to be able to rival "Jan Forman Sahib" in the use of their own tongue. His facility in the use of English was great, but his capac- ity for chaste and eloquent speech in Urdu was even more noteworthy.

2. He was a great Evangelist. He was constantly in demand as a leader in conventions for the deepening of spiritual life, and it is perhaps not too much to say that no missionary of his day exercised so widely-extended as well as helpful an influence upon the Christian Church of all denominations. When the General Assembly in 19 I 5 organized a great campaign movement, the thoughts of all turned to Mr. Forman, and in response to this call he visited practically all of the congregations allied to the Presbyterian Church in India. This unique and fruitful service was his final gift to the Church, for the spiritual growth of which he rejoiced to spend himself.

A great host of men and women who have attended conventions at Sialkote, Saharanpur, Lucknow, Jabalpur, Lahore, Mainpuri and other nlaces as well. are devoutly thanking God for his messages of tenderness and power which meant so much to them and are grieving that they will see here his face no more.

His sanity as a leader was conspicuous. At no time was he ever known to be swept away or even seriously moved by any of the more or less fanatical 'fads,' with which he was sometimes brou!!ht face to face. As a steadying influence, his presence in the midst of the warmth of a revival was invaluable.

Shortly after entering India, an impression came to him that possibly he was doing wrong to live as a European, and thus to fail in coming

TIl~ R~V. JOIl)! NEWTON FORMAN INDIA

into the closest touch with the masses. In his perplexity he sought the advice of the late Dr. Ellinwood, his father and one or two friends. 1 hey urged that he refrain from severing his relation with the Board. Accordingly, he determined to relinquish all allowances except $10.00 a month, and departed to a remote place, far removed from all western life and influence. Six months ot testing this method convinced him that this was not for him a plan of work conducive to the greatest results. rVith characteristic humility and frankness he announced the failure of the scheme, and forthyvith returned to his place in the Mission.

3. His personality ,vas one of unusual beauty and strength. He was preeminently a man of prayer. Careful and systematic study of God's Word was a part of the work of every day. His face often seemed to shine with a light which is never seen except on the face of one who is in conscious fellowship with God. Grace, gentleness and humility marked his attitude toward the lowliest. It was indeed amongst the very ignorant and lowly that the chief task of his life was accomplished, and yet how gladly he gave to them the best gifts that he had-all unconscious the while that they were such as might have won for a man of less consecration a place amongst the learned and the great.

Few men of his day have preached the Gospel to so many people as he. He found little interest or profit in argumentative discussions. He had a definite message, and it was the old Message of man's sin, God's love and the sufficiency of Jesus Christ, the Saviour.

The hearts of many go forth in deepest sympathy to his devoted wife and daughter who are temporarily in America, to his brothers and sisters on the field, two brothers and two sisters in the U. S. A., and to a multitude of Indian Christians whom he loved, and who will feel his absence from them with the keenest sense of personal loss.

Why he should have been called and others of us left is a question for which we have no answer, save that his Lord, whom he loved so . devotedly and served so assiduously, had need of him in a higher service. India is the poorer for his absence, but he awaits a reunion in the life beyond with thousands whom he helped while here, and whose lives are enriching the India that he has left.

Missionary Service Flags Several Mission Boards are publishing lists of their miSSIOnaries and miss:ollary sons who are in the service of their country as soldiers, chaplains, physicians. nurses and Y. M. C. A. workers. The Presbyterian Board has issued a long list and now the Congregationalist suggests that "the American Board might well devise a service flag, to be hung on those churches from which a son or daughter has gone forth to the service of Christ in the mission field. It would be interesting to learn what churches could display them. They would be comparatively few, for there are only 680 Congregational missionaries to be located among 6,089 churches; not that, indeed, for very many of the American Board's staff have come from other than Congregational churches. The smal1er and remoter churches would outshine in this particular the larger and more conspicuous ones."

Asia Thinks of

By TYLER DE""ET Condensed from an article from the January Humber of ASIA, a jourllal of the Amer- ican Asiatic Association, New York.

"THE missionaries are a bad lot." many tourists never get very far outside One can hardly set foot on trans- of rcutes marked out by these zealous Pacific steamer without hearing this and often self-appointed guides.

verdict. "They come out here to live in Introductions to consuls and other luxury and to make money; they never government officials and to European make a sincere convert." Such reports residents are valuable. It is regrettable come in freely from the tourist, who that tourists do not use them more. Not rapidly gathers convictions from what he only do these people lead an exiled life, hears on the steamer and in the hotels, which makes a visit from a countryman and also from highly respected people with the latest news from home very who have had long residence in the welcome, but they are also able to an- Orient. swer many questions and offer much ad- During the last few years I have spent vice of great value. . . . However, one nearly half my time, as tourist and may utilize to the limit the services of writer, traveling about in "foreign mis- both guide and the European and yet sionary countries" and on the steamers see very little of the real Orient. . . .

between them and home. These criti- Like some other places, Asia is chiefly a cisms have always interested me. When state of mind or a point of view. One I first heard them I had few positive will have to search else,,,here than in convictions on the subject, but I attempt- streets, shops or temples to find it.

ed wherever possible to make a personal Some years ago in Tokyo I met Carl investigation of every charge. I have Crow. I was about to take my first almost never failed, when talking with plunge into China, and was then carry- either a foreigner or a native, to come ing in my grip Crow's guide-book to the around to this question: Vhat do you country. "Vhat suggestions have you think of the missionaries? What follows for the trip?" I asked. "How can I see is merely a record of these investigations. China best?"

There are two ways for the tourist to "Go to the missionaries," replied see the Orient; one is to follow the Crow. Then he modestly added that his trail of the good hotels, carry a few guide-book was largely a compilation of consular introductions, as many cards as information which he had collected from possible to business men, and to supple- the missionaries. "They are the only ment these with the eagerly proffered people," he explained ,"who really knmv services of ricksha coolies, taxi drivers the country."

and hotel guides. The other way is to I have had frequent occasion to test go to the missionary for advice and in- this assertion and I feel impelled to formation. ]"('cord that it is profoundly true. . . .

The native guide, either professional If olle wishes to see the Orient that is, or volunteer, has one big idea and very on(' will have to make very generous use few small ones. As directlv, or adroitl· of the missionary. And yet very few as possible, he wishes to get his party t~ tourists sec him at all.

some place where the tourist will spend The missionary is often the one per- some money, upon which the guide can SOli available who understands both the return later to collect a commission…. language of the tourist and the language It is unfortunately true that a great of the country; but more important is the fact that often he alone understands of public sentiment, and equal in extent and thoroughness to the best there was vhy one asks the questions one does….. of the kind in the United States not many years ago. The English-speaking native may under- There has never been a time since the stand one's words but unless he belongs japanese Parliament was organized that there have not been more than a to the very limited class of those who dozen Christians in the membership. The Japanese are as sensitive as Amerihave been educated abroad he is practic- cans to detect insincerity among Chris- tians. The very fact that these people ally at a loss to understand why anyone whom I have mentioned are who they are and what they are, contributes an would ask such a fool question anv- important answer to the question, What does japan think of its Christians? how. . . . . The strength of Christianity in Japan is all the more remarkable when one re- In the back of my mind when I met members that there are still many people the missionary were the current criti- living who remember when this severe cisms. I have always found him willing edict was in force: "So long as the sun to meet them frankly when they were shall warm the earth let no Christian be stated. . . . so bold as to come to japan; and let them all know that the King of Spain Do they ever make sincere converts? himself, or the Christian God, or the The name "rice Christians" has spread Great God of All, if he violates this throughout Asia. It implies that the command, shall pay for it with his convert is held by the inducement of his head." daily rice and other economic, social, and even political advantages. I have been As one passes over to China one entold again and again very soberly and counters a similar list of imposing names. seriously by Europeans who have lived There are the Nieh Brothers,cotton manfor ten, twenty and thirty years in the ufacturers of Shanghai; Wong Kwong, Orient that missionaries never have president of the Yangtse Engineering made a sincere convert. Works at Hankow; many of the officers of the Hanyang Iron Works; Dr. P. One would indeed be very coura- W. Kuo, dean of the Government Norgeous, as well as something else, to sug- mal College at Nanking; Dr. W. W. gest in japan to Prof. Nitobe of the Yen, recently minister to Germany, and Imperial University, Senator Soroku his brother who is building the govern- Ebara of the House of Peers, Dr. Ukita, ment railway from Hankow to Canton j editor of the Taiyo " Takutaro Sakai of C. T. Vang, until the recent revoluthe Mitsui Bank, Mr. Kobayashi, the tion left him without office, Vice-Presitooth-powder man; Mr. Ohara, the dent of the Senate; C. C. Wong, who millionaire silk manufacturer of Kura- has served as Auditor General for the shiki; Mr. Hatano of the Ayabe Silk IVlinistry of Posts and Communications; Filatures,:Madame Yajima and Miss and Yung Tao, the millionaire philan- Tsuda, both of whom were recently thropist of Peking. I selected these decorated by the Emperor; ·Madame names from a much longer list repre- Hirooka, daughter of the Mitsui family sentative Chinese Christians who talked and one of the richest women in Japan, freely of their Christian convictions. that they were "rice Christians." lVladame Hirooka .told me that during The president of the recent Kwangthe last three years she has, under the tUllg Provincial Assembly was the Revdirection of the Union Evangelistic erend K. Y. Shia, who was called to that Camprugn, stumped the Empire from office from the pastorate of the Second Hokkaido to Shimonoseki, speaking in Congregational Chmch of Honolulu! practically every large town in church, hall or theater, wherever she could find shelter, for Christianity. Mr. Kobayashi, IHr. Ohara and Hatano, and I might mention many other Christian manufacturers, are setting standarrls in industrial betterment and in welfare work for th('ir employc('s far in advance

Over in India, where I was repeatedly to go out and do the same kind of assured that all Christians are "rice work.' " Christians," I met Sir Rajah Harnam Singh, a charming Hindu gentleman, The Times of India, published in whose adherence to his Christian views Bombay, is one of the two or three out- cost him a kingdom. He assured me that standing newspapers of the land. Sir he had no regrets. Two years ago he Stanley Reed, the editor, perhaps more served as moderator of the Presbyterian than any other European newspaper man in India, enjoys the confidence of General Assembly for India. • . . . the Indians themselves. I asked him, I have never been content to rest on "What do you think of the mission- aries ?" the missionary's estimate of his own York. I have been astonished to meet "One cannot estimate the influence of among his converts men and women of the missions," he replied, "by the num- such distinction, but I have gone even ber of converts or by the statistical re- further than that to find out what Asia ports. I am not an active member of thinks of missionaries. I took the ques- any church, but I will say this: If tion to Sir James J;leston, of Lucknow, missions could not show one single con- Lieutenant Governor of the United vert, they would still be justified ten Provinces, and recently member of the thousand fold by the moral influence first Imperial Council in London. He which they exert on the country. I have is an old Indian Civil Service man who fifty or sixty Indian friends here in Bomhas worked his way up through the bay, unusual men, leaders of exceptional ranks to his present position. . . . ability, reformers. One and all, they have been powerfully influenced by He said, "Of course, there is a great Christianity, although some of them will difference of opinion about mission work. not admit it, and others do not know Some scoff at it; some value it for its whence the influence has come." purpose to convert the native to Christianity; others appreciate it for its Perhaps the most significant statehumanitarian services. The government ment of any comes from Dr. G. E. takes a neutral attitude but it does enor- lVIorrison, formerly correspondent to the mously value the assistance rendered by London Times in Peking, and more rethe missionaries to good government. cently special foreign adviser to the The missions have helped in education President of China. He said to me, "It and have done a great deal for the de- is easy to criticize the missionaries, to pressed classes which the government say humorous things and to see the ridiccould not do and which the Indian is ulous, but their work is good. When- ever I hear anyone abusing missionaries unwilling to do. . • . . and saying that their work is valueless, I N ever shall I forget a frank conversa- set him down as a fool. He simply does not know what he is talking about. One tion which I had in his palace with His cannot travel a week in any direction Highness the Gaekwar of Baroda. He even in the remotest corners of the Retold me of some of the measures y;hich Pllblic and not run upon a mission. he has already introduced for the better- These places are sources of good and ment of his subjects, and of the difficul- only of good. They are the greatest ties which he had encountered. His ad- forces for the uplift of this country." miration for things American is so unqualified as to be almost naive, but I :Most tourists never see a missionary think I was most of all impressed when unless by chance they meet him on a he said, "I am thinking of calling to- steamer. The missionary does not fregether the missionaries and asking them quent the hotels. He is almost never at to tell me their views on how we can the dub. He does not attend the raceimprove the quality of the native priest- meeting. Usually he is off in the inhood. Then I want to call the priests terior where no tourist ever goes. together and say to them, 'Look at the There are few facilities fDr bringing the missionaries. See the sacrifices they are missionary and the tourist together. . • making to help our people. Yatl ought

", .'t ' • t~

III hr tl( ""' .11 T 1 U,. ')0 , -t'l ~ , '

", ONE OF THE INVITATION POSTERS MADE FROM JAPANESE NAPKINS Edited by MRS. E. C- CRONK, Columbia, South Carolina.

Chairman of the Committee on Melhuds of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, EYE-GATE METHODS more than the gifts his mother's argu- ments failed to secure, WE have quoted glibly, "Psycholo- gists tell us that 85 per cent. of SEEING ACTUAL NEED all we know is learned through our eyes," yet we have continued to trust Delegates to the conferences held ill the magnificent grounds at BIue Ridge, ,,y largely to our tongues for methods of North Carolina, know what it is to make a dash from Robert E. Lee Hall missionary work, e talk and we argue to the dining hall on rainy days. One day a committee meeting of distinguished to win missionary converts and to in- citizens was held at Blue Ridge. Fortucrease missionary interest. Of course, nately for future conferences, that meetthat is one way, but there are other ways ing chanced to be on a rainy day. The that are often more fruitful. Deeper rain was not of the summer shower than the impression made by what we variety, but was a good steady, soaking hear is the impression made by what we downpour. Among the distinguished see. A child, who listened unmoved to gentlemen who sank in the mud at each the tale of suffering related by his step as that committee walked up the mother, when she appealed to him to do hill was William Jennings Bryan. without something himself in order to feed and clothe children who were poor No address was delivered on the need and needy, was taken to see these chil- for a walk. No "stirring appeal" was dren in their cold, bare home. Immediately he proposed to give IIp ml)ch

made, save that made by the mud which touch the mud in which some other clung tenaciously to the sales of Mr. folks constantly walk, check-books Bryan's shoes. No subscription paper would be drawn out without any frenwas circulated, no collection basket was zied appeals, and lives would be consepassed. That mud on the great common- crated to the service of God through er's shoes was worth more than appeal, service to mankind. One of the revelaand subscription paper, and collection tions of these terrible days has been the basket all put together. Because his feet power that has come with the purpose touched the mud, Mr. Bryan drew out put into lives that were being frittered his check book and wrote a check for away uselessly. Women and girls who $100.00 to start the fund which is to had been classed as mere butterflies, put a walk and pergola from Lee Hall have become heroic workers for relief agencies, yhen they have been brought to the dining hall. face to face with a suffering world. They If we could get some of the folks who are capable of greater achievements.

are not giving to missions to see and The Relation Between Seeing and Doing WHAT THEY SAW WHAT THEY DID Captain Allen Gardiner, an English He determined to return to South naval officer, saw the hopeless condition America as a messenger of the Cross. of the natives of Tierra del Fuego, There he gave his life in the effort to whom Darwin pronounced "lower than bring the Gospel to those destitute many animals and incapable of being people. ci vilized."

A party of tourists were "seeing She let her friends return to America China." One young girl was impressed without her, and Frederica Mead stayed with the need of Chinese girls for Chris- in China to teach in Ginling College, tian schools and teachers. Nanking.

A man of wealth was shown through He wrote a check which provided a an Orphan Home and saw the need and pair of shoes for the little bare feet of destitution of the children there. every orphan child in the Home.

Some girls in a southern city were These girls started a day nursery for taken to visit the negro quarters and saw negro children and secured funds to prothat the cooks going out to work either vide nurses, a kindergarten teacher for locked their small children in a room the younger children and industrial alone or turned them out on the streets. teachers for the older ones.

A girl, who went to the Blue Ridge She wrote back home for Bibles and mountains in North Carolina for her papers and spent her vacation teaching summer vacation, saw the ignorance and the children, who had never had any destitution of some of the children of other chance to learn. the mountains.

vVhen the Laymen's :Missionary Vhen they returned, their messages .l10vement began its work, a party of sixty-six laymen ,vent out to see for so stirred the first Laymen's Conventhemselves the mission fields of the world. tions that gifts still continue to come in to supply needs they saW in non-Chris- tian Jancls. .

METHObS

HOW SHALL THEY SEE? outside of "the faithful few" in ap- pointing these committees. Recently a 1. COKDCCT CO.I;IC:,,ITY SL'RVEYS. 'oman "'ho "-as olle of the regulars 011 Our missionarv societies should not do c~'erv committee appointed from her a "mail ord~r" business exclusively. chu~ch proposed that she should get Some of us live in profound and com- some one else to serve in her place on ,I fortable ignorance of the missionary committee on the orphanage work. She needs of our o,,'n communities. Every enlisted a woman who had never done church has members who would do good anything for the orphans, but who bemissionary work right at home if brought ca~le intensely interested when she visitface to face with the need. ed the institution and saw the needs, and has since given valuable service. 2. MAKE PROVISION FOR TORK AMONG FOREIGNERS. – Japan, India, 4. lVIAKE DEFINITE PLANS THAT China, Africa, Italy-all the lands of PEOPLE 'YHO ARE ABLE TO RELIEVE THE the earth are in our cities and even in ollr smaller towns. A Philadelphia N1'llD BY GIFTS OF llONEY OR TIME woman longed to go to the foreign field. Instead of having that great opportunity SHALL BE BROl-GHT FACE TO FACY she was only a pastor's wife in Phila- WITH THE NEED.-Often people are dodelphia. Even the opportunity she had ing what they are doing because no one there seemed to be endangered, for the has shown them anything better to do. good residence section in which her husband's church was located began to take S. ARRAC'{GE TOURS OF FOREIGN MISon a different complexion, as one by one SION FIELDS FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE the prospcrous families moved out and ABLE TO RE;'DER LARGER SERVICE.-In dusky foreigners moved in. It seemed as many instances, a little urging will reif there was nothing to do but to follow- suit 'in a visit to mission stations being the plan of many other churches and included in the plans of a touring party. move out of the foreign quarters. Then that pastor's wife began to see. She saw 6. ENABLE PEOPLE AT HOME TO SEE the tired young mothers who seemed to TI-lF NEEDS OF THE WORLD BY PICTURES, be mere girls. She saw the children CHARTS, LA:,TERN SLIDES, PAGEANTS with bright eyes shining out from dirty AND LITERATURE. Jittle faces, as the little tots sat on the steps or swarmed over into the congest- LIVING SIGN BOARDS THAT ed streets. That church did not move. That pastor's wife did not have to in- POINT THE WAY vest any funds in an ocean voyag;e to reach her opportunity. She simply lifted Last winter a lady asked that great up her eyes and saw it, and Mr~. E. R. missionary leader, Pastor Stearns, Cassaday began the Italian Kindergarten 'I'hethcr he had always been a missionary ~md the Italian Mission which has done pastor. such splendid missionary service in a seclion of Philadelphia from which many "Oh, no," he answered. "There came ('hurches ran away. a man from Japan-." Then followed the story of the missionary from Japan, 3. ApPOINT COMMITTEES TO VISIT 'I'ho camc to the young pastor and gave IC'{STITUTIONS AND FAlIlLIES NEEDING him the thought that there was mission- AlD.-An investigation made by one ary opportunity above thc paying of an church revealed the fact that no reli~­ apportionment. The support of the one ious services of any kind were held in Bible woman undertaken at that time some of the charitable institutions in h;ts grown until in 1917, Pastor that city. The' members of that church Ste;trns reported total cash privileges were greatly blessed and became a great (which is his ,ray of stating what most blessing in conducting such services. Go people call generous contributions) of $887,748.33 for foreign missions.

That same sentence, "There came a man," or "There came a woman," is the introduction to the missionary activit)' of most great workers. The sign boards

February

that point the way to eager young feet fied that their first missionary impulse are not the inanimate posts of abstract was received, as they looked at this misadvice which say: "This is the way to sionary hero, and scores of workers in missionary zeal," but are animate men the home-land dated the beginning of and women whose heroic examP.le points their interest to the day on which they the way, and compels following. met Dr. Scudder.

THREE STORIES PICTURE POSSIBILITIES I. A missionary mother was paying Not all of us can make world tours. her bill at the close of a slimmer con- Not all of us can visit the people we ference. That mother was not a woman long to meet. But all of us can bring of wealth, yet she had two sons and two the world and its peoples before our daughters with her at the conference. eyes by pictures. Never were pictures used as widely as IlO'. Often the con- "How do you manage to do it?" tents of a whole magazine or book fades asked her friend. from our minds while the striking, stir- ing message of some picture abides with "vVell, it is not easy," was the answer, us. Every book on missionary method~ "but you see I count that the strongest has something to say about pictures, yet missionary influence which I can bring we missionary folk are making scant use to bear on my boys and girls is to have of our marvelous picture opportunities. them see and come in contact with the people I want them to be like, so all dur- PICTURE METHODS THAT HAVE ing the year I save up all I can to make it possible to have my children at this BEEN TESTED conference, so that they may see and know the great leaders of the world." OF PICTURES AND ONE EMPTY One of those sons is now a missionary to FRAME.-One Sunday-school teacher China, and the indications are that the kept ever before her class the pictures of other children ,,,ill either be foreign mis- missionaries which her church supportsionaries or missionary leaders in the ed. There was always one empty frame. homeJand. The teacher and the scholars prayed con- stantly for more missionaries to be sent 2. The entertainment committee for a out. As each recruit sailed, a picture large missionary convention placed at the was put in the empty frame and another home of a woman of great wealth a frame was hung up. The prayer that plain, unassuming little missionary from the picture of some member of the class India. "Why didn't they send her some might some day fill the empty frame was of our rich delegates, who would know frequently offered. what to do in such a palace ?" wondered some of the delegates. But the little A FRAME WITH A HINGED BACK.- missionary did know what to do. For A teacher who had limited wall space the first time in her life the woman with and limited funds at her disposal put millions saw, with her own eyes, in her small hinges on the back of a picture own. home, a woman who made foreign frame which made it possible to quickly missions a reality to her. Suddenly In- insert different pictures. The boys and dia seemed to have crossed the ocean girls in her department watched with and to have come right to her very door. keen interest to see who would know . That her dollars should begin to cross the picture displayed each Sunday and . the ocean and go to India was only a welcomed eagerly the opportunity to teI! natural result. the story of each picture they knew, or to learn about new pictures. 3. When Dr. John Scudder, the pioneer medical missionary from America INSTEAD OF MATINEE AND J10VIIl to India, came home on furlough, thou- IDoLs.-Glimpses into the rooms of ouf sands of children went to his meetings to see the "missionary doctor." Years afterward, missionaries in many lands testi-

METHODS

young folks reveal the fact that the pressed by the first miSSiOnary picture companionship of the pictured folk who she saw unveiled, wrote this description constantly dwell with them is furnished of it: "On the platform stood an easel. largely by the theatrical or the sporting On the easel was a picture draped with page. A father who saw his son gazing the stars and stripes. Above was the with rapt adoration into the eyes of cnly flag that ever flies over Old Glory some of the stars circulated by cigarette -the Christian flag which bears a blood- companies, hung two pictures of great missionary heroes over the boy's desk. red cross. As we sat in the auditorium, Both of them had been star athletes as well as heroic missionaries and the boy eager to see what was underneath the heard of their work with keenest intcl:- folds of the flag, we were conscious of est. Day after day he sat in their pres- the atmosphere of waiting expectancy ence until they helped to make the at- which creates an appetite for the mis- mosphere of his room and to mold the sionary programs here so different from ideals of his life. the dead certainty we have about our cut-and-dried meetings at home. We At one of the Northfield Conferences, sang a hymn. Then a charming woman one of the leaders presented several hun- a;-,d a fine story-teller (1 don't mean t"o dred small pictures of great missionaries WOl11pn, she was both in one) stepped to the girls. The pictures were eagerly forward by the picture and told the received, and took the place of other story of an Iowa orphan girl, who faces less worthy in the rooms of many longed to go to school and to have pretty of the girls who were Northfield dele- clothes like the other girls. She told of gates that year. her letter to a college prpsident and her joy over his answer saying she might BACK TO ALBuIVIs.-There was a day come; of how she dug away at her when a photograph album, encased in college tasks; of the purpose that filled brilliant plush, wis a necessary adorn- her heart to become a medical missionment of the parlor table. In these latter ary. My throat began to choke up a bit days, we have relegated most of our when she told about the way this girl photograph albums to the garret, and lived in an attic in Chicago, cooked her there is a vacancy which needs to be own meals and almost starved hersel f to filled. Why not fill it with a mission- death doing it, so she could finish her ary album? When we have boys and medical training. Every one of us girls girls of the junior age in our homes, in in the audience felt like shouting our Sunday-school classes and mission- "Bravo," when we heard how she finalary societies, we do not have to glance ly die. win out and complete the course, into a psychology to grasp the signifi- and every one of us felt like we were cance of "Collecting Interests Strong." right there in China as we listened to They are going to collect something and the story of her splendid work. Vhen missionary album~' in our homes, in our the Boxer uprising was mentioned we Sunday-schools al d our missionary socie- shuddered. "Surely it couldn't be"- ties will give go d direction to these we thought, but it was, and the tears strong collecting interests. A Japan iust rolled down our cheeks when we album, an India album, a China album, heard of how she was put to death by an Africa album will make very real the very people she had gone to help. I 'to juniors, as well as to their elders, the had a queer feeling of exaltation as I conditions and the needs in these lands. listened to the story of how she bound An interesting "Guest Book" may be up a gash in the head of a Chinese boy, made from pictures of foreigners in the very last thing she did, after they America. had led her down under the tree to take her life. Some how I felt assured that UNVEILING MISSIONARY PICTURES. Christianity was going to conquer the world. I was not conscious of the fa.t -A young woman, who was deeply im- that the speaker had not told us the name

of the heroine, until she paused for a thought there were any other children Ir.oment. Then a boy and a girl stepped Jesus wanted to bless. She asked them forward and lifted the cords which held to bring pictures of other children. the flag. As its folds were drawn back, The next Sunday they came with picthe speaker said: "And so Eleanor tures of the little ones-black, red, yel- Chestnut's name was added to the ;!;reat low and brown. There were Indian band of martyrs who, like their Saviour, bClbies strapped in their cradles, and have given their lives to carry salvation little Eskimos in furs. There were the to those who put them to death," and all little brown children of India and of us rose to our feet. As the folds of Japanese tots in their long kimonos. that flag were drawn back, Eleanor The teacher pasted the pictures around Chestnut's eyes seemed to flash a chal- the central figure of the Christ. Then lenge to me. I have heard many elo- all of the children recited the verse, quent missionary addresses and appeals, "Suffer the little children to come unto but as she looked at me from the picture Me." Each Sunday additional pictures while we sang: were added, and the verse was recited, while the meaning to the children grew "The martyr first whose eagle eye ever larger and larger, as the teacher Could pierce beyond the grave told how the children of the world were Who saw her Master in the sky being brought to Jesus through the mis- And called on Him to save. sion Sunday-schools and kindergartens. Like Him, with pardon on His tongue Of course, some of the children brought In midst of mortal pain, pictures that were not usable. These She prayed for them tliat did the wrong: were graciously received by the teacher Who follows in her train?" aLd laid av,-ay to be used if net'ded some other time. My heart gave answer to the challenge with a stronger determination than STEREOPTICON LECTURES should have had ever been mine before to follow ill a place in the missionary educational that train. program of every church. One church, which has shown a marked increase in WHERE TO GET PI'CTURES missionary activity in recent years, plans at the beginning of the year, a series of 1. From the REVIEW and other mis- stereopticon lectures, so scheduled as to sionary magazines. It is often worth fit in with the Mission Study courses of while to subscribe for an extra copy, the various societies. from which to cut pictures. Most of the denominational Boards 2. From the denominational Mission have sets of slides on their mission fields, Boards, most of which issue picture for rent. *The Missionary Education sheets and pictures of missionaries. Movement has for rent splendid sets of slides accompanied by interesting lec- 3. The Missionary Education Move- tures on the following subjects: ment, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, publishes splendid half-tone pictures of 1. The Social Aspects of Foreign great missionaries, at prices ranging from Missions. 2. Child Life of the World. 50 cents to $3.50 according to size. 3. The American Indian. 4. Home Missions and Public WeHare. 5. 4. Some pictures from secular maga- The New Era in Asia. 6. The Immizines may be made very effective by the grant in America. 7. China Yesterday addition of a missionary application. and To-morrow. 8. By Canoe and Car- Often pictures may be built from many avan through the Heart of Africa. 9. sources. A primary superintendent Sowing and Reaping in Burma. 10. past!!d a picture of "Jesus Blessing Lit- Moslem Millions. 11. Women of the tle Children" in the center of a large sheet of cardboard. She called the atten- * These Jruly be rented for $2.00 plus extion of her scholars to the fact that only press. A written lecture goes with each set the little white children were in that of slide•. picture, and asked them whether they

BEST METHODS

Orient. 12. The Challenge of India. "America Wake Up," may be used in 13. Around the W orId in Forty Min- connection with striking facts about utes. 14. John Huss and His Country- home or foreign missions, together with men. 15. St. Paul the Missionary. 16. pictures making the application.

Japan Old and New. 17. South Amer- "If You Cannot Enlist, Invest" will make an attractive and appropriate mot- ica. 18. Negro Neighbors. 19. Among to with which to present a missionary the Southern Mountains. 20. Lights and enterprise, or several facts about what Shadows in Central America. 21. Cuba amounts invested in missions will ac- and Porto Rico. 22. The Monk Who complish. Moved the World. 23. From Cape to Cairo. 24. Tony's Adventures. Less dignified, but equally striking, is: "If You Cannot Go Across, Come AN ADDRESS WITHOUT VORDS.- Across."

The moving pictures have taught us The words that we see constantly how effectively a subject may be pre- before us have a wonderful influence on sented without a spoken word. our lives. Delegates at a student confer- Try having some subject presented in ence last summer heard Robert E. Speer your meetings by a series of pictures and charts held up one after another, or tell of a text which had made a propassed around from member to member. found impression on his life. It was not a text on which he had heard some great The four pictures on the last page of minister deliver an eloquent discourse, the MISSIONARY REVIEW for August, but the text which he had seen every Sunday on the walls of the church in 1917, have been effectively used in this which he worshipped as a boy.

way in presenting the passing opportu- A platform that may exert wide influnity to "work the works of Him that ence is furnished by the wall space of sent me while it is called day." the auditoriums in which meetings are held. One woman who exerted an in- MISSIONARY MOTTOES AND fluence, which can never be estimated, on a great convention, was not on the CHARTS platform at all. She spoke not a word that was heard by the audience, yet she Among other things of a former gen- spoke, in a way never to be forgotten, eration, which this generation has rele- from the charts and mottoes which she gated to the attic, are the mottoes, mar- had placed on the wall. Every bare wall velously wrought by the deft fingers of is a missionary opportunity. Societies our gradnmothers out of many colored would do well to appoint one member zephyrs. Yet the value of mottoes abid- who should have charge of the wall eth, and wise is the missionary worker space for their meetings. who makes it count as much as possible for missions. Business men have secured INEXPENSIVE CHART AND many hours of coveted privacy by simply hanging in plain view of the friendlv POSTER MATERIALS loafer, "If you will kill time, kill you~ own, not ours." The Government spent "That all looks very well," said the three million dollars in advertising the delegate who saw the splendid display recent Liberty Loans, a large part of of charts and posters at a convention, which was put in posters with striking "but I should like to know how a socimottoes. ety with no funds at hand is going to buy materials for aU these things." The A splendid missionary program may woman who had made the charts smiled. be arranged by adapting these mottoes: Years before she had entered that school of training which teaches women the Take the one, "Our Dad's at the gentle art 9f making many things with- Front Fighting Your Battles: Bade out buying materials, the entrance CeT~ Him Up." Cut out pictures of the children of your missionaries, and paste them on this poster.

tificate to which school is a marriage Two years later, at another conference, certificate to a preacher. She then re- a delegate spoke at the farewell meetvealed to the delegate the following ing. She said, "Two years ago I went economy secrets on the subject of mak- home from the conference utterly dising posters and charts. couraged. I wanted to go as a foreign missionary, but the door seemed abso- The letters which stood out effective- lutely closed before me. When I reached ly were cut from the Saturday Evening horne, I put up a motto some one had Post, which, in kind thoughtfulness to given me at the conference. As I looked makers of missionary charts, selected a at it again and again I knew that I had title which practically covers the alpha- reached the end of my geography and bet, if a few skilful combinations of that I would likely spend all of my life letters are worked out. Three or four right in the town in which I was living. letters may be cut at a time from differ- Then, day by day, the thought grew that ent colored paper by holding several lay- with me also the end of geography might ers together. Often there are "shut-ins" be the beginning of missionary enterwho are glad to cut out hundreds of prise. A deeper purpose to go into all letters from these or other patterns, so the world filled my heart. Since then I that a full supply may be always ready have really begun my missionary enterfor the chart makers. terprise, and already two volunteers for the foreij!n field have gone out from my The lettering done in colored crayons Mission Study Class. I trust that this called into use the children's box of is really the beginning." Reuben's Crayons. Vhen the charts are made on cloth, a hot iron pressed on PAGEANTS the crayon work will keep it from rubbing. "What made the deepest impression on you?" was the question asked at an Vhite oil cloth from the five and ten informal meeting at the close of a Sumcent store furnished the material for a mer School. In the bacK: of the audichart with painted letters and figures,in torium a man rose and said: which changes were to be made. "I have charge of a manufacturing The chart maker's "treasure chest" plant with men of many different nawas a familv joke at first, but soon the ti0nalities in my employ. Never in my whole familv· bacame interested in it, life has anything made me realize my and not the familv onlv. but also a wide responsibility to them and my missionary circle of friends· gathered up pictures opportunitv as did that pageant the girls of everv hue to be added to the store- gave of 'Christ in America.' I am going house. ·Soon there was such a collection back home with a new idea and a new on hand that it was an easv matter to ideal." make a chart on any land or ·any subject. This is not an unusual answer to such WHAT ONE MOTTO ACCOM- a nuestion. L~st summer at the Foreign Missions week at Northfield a very PLISHED simple presentation of Mrs. Peabody's and Mrs. :Montgomery's tour of the At a Summer Conference several mission fields was given. It was too unyears ago a woman, who is constantly on pretentious to be scheduled as a pageant, the lookout for opportunities to circulate yet it was such a forceful presentation missionary literature, gave a hundred of the way mission work is conducted in beautiful copies of a motto to delegates. various fields and of the need of the The motto selected was David Living- women of the world for the Gospel, that ston's famous saying: many delegates said it made a deeper im- pression on them than did any other part "The end of the geographical feat of the program. is the beginning of the missionary enterprise."

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

The Editor's Message work. At other stations children were gathered in boarding schools for two or JANUARY has been, as usual, a three years and then sent back:. as teachers month of inspiration and information to their own towns. It became evident for all who could be in and near New several years ago that we must have bet- York City. Inportant committees have ter trained teachers and evangelists to been meeting, conferences have been hold the present generation, many of held to consider the medical, educational whom have been familiar with the Gosand evangelistic needs of women in pels from earliest childhood. The English Africa and the Orient, as well as in the Baptists, whose stations on the Lower homeland; the notable annual gathering River adjoin our own, found their need at Garden City has considered all phases for such trained leaders as great as ours, of home base and foreign field with a so the two societies joined together in solemn earnestness that is full of Chris- founding the Congo Evangelical Traintian optimism, and the Federation of ing Institution at Kimpese. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of N ortR America has convened (January Picked men from both societies are 18th) in New York City. sent here for three years' training. All married men are required to bring their OUf next issue of the BUU,ETIN will wives and children for whom training is bring a full account of noteworthy busi- also provided. The Faculty is drawn ness transacted and officers elected, as from both societies. Four years ago the well as a digest of the inspirational ad- tmstees of the Institution invited me to dresses. It is the hope of many that the join the Faculty for work among the coming year may see a wide-spread development of local missionary federa- students' wives. A resident physician is tions. Such a movement would further mission study, the sale of literature, en- very desirable at such an institution, both thusiasm for federated prayer and effort, for the care and instruction of the stuand cordial interdenominational fellow- dent bodv. 'Ve think that we have an ship. If plans are to be large, and suc- ideal ed~cational community. cess assured, there must be great advance in the Oneness for which Christ prays. The student families live in small in- dividual two-room brick cottages back of WORK IN CONGO BELGE which are small cook-houses and a con- siderable stretch of good gardrn land [Life in Congoland i. similar to that of the which they keep under cultivation. Camerun district in Jean Mackenzi~'s "African Sweet potatoes, peanuts, corn, native Trail." This personal letter from a misc;ionary peas and beans and manioc are the there win be of interest to all those who are staples, while down along the stream to studying the Bulu. Belgian Congo lies directly the west are magnificent plantain garsouth of Miss Mackenzie's field.-EDITOR.J drns. The houses are furnished with brick beds cemented over; the walls and There are no schools in Belgian Con- Aoors are also coated with cement and go save mission schools and the entire ca.n be thoroughly cleaned and disinfectburden of education falls on us. From ed when necessary. Native-made tables the beginning our missionaries have and a chair or two complete the simple sought to place native teachers in the fuurnishings. Twice a month I inspect little towns and villages. At Bam:a the houses and cook-houses and insist Manteke for many years we had a school on cleanliness. where men were given eight to ten months' training, preparatory to such The women are in school three hours a day and as practically all have young

children, we allow each woman to bring and, in fact, any good illustrations of with her a small boy or girl to serve as Bible subjects, very useful and would be a nurse for the little ones while she is in pleased to have you mail us those with school. These nurse children compose which your own Primary Department the larger part of the Practice School in has finished. Smaller Bible pictures we which the students receive instruction use to illustrate the women's and chil- and practice in teaching. Many of the dren's composition books. women can neither read nor write when they come to us, for while the men are One old white-haired chief came this picked fellows we have to make the best morning for the third time, much re- of the sort of wives they have chosen and lieved from the ailment from which he do what we can with them. A few prove sought relief. This morning I had a too old or too stupid ever to master the quiet talk with him about getting ac- fine art of reading well, but even such quainted with the good God who could are greatly helped by their three years of relieve his spirit's indispositions and residence here. In my Bible work, I troubles, while I could only relieve those place much emphasis upon story telling of his body, which before many years he and often those who read but haltingly, must lay in the grave. He listened somecan tell a story splendidly. If we can what perplexed, like a little child, and scatter throughout these lower Congo finally said, "I am old, too old to behill towns a goodly number of mothers lieve new things. Tell the children." I with stories to tell to their own and replied that God too was old, older than other children, stories from the dear old the world and would understand, men Book, who knows but that they may could never grow too old to forsake prove as potent forces for good and god- their sins and evil ways and love and liness as the village teacher or preacher? obev the Giver of Life, the God and The Congo mothers sitting on the Father of us all. There are many comground about their cooking pots, picking ing daily for medical attention who are open squash seeds,' have nothing better not Christians and so there are dailv than gossip to retail. They have no opportunities for sowing the good seed wholesome stories, no beautiful fairy of the Kingdom. Pray that we may be tales to waken high resolve and culti- faithful in season and out of season, ever vate imagination in the minds of the mirroring the likeness of the Man of little children. Galilee who went about doing good.

We try to send the women away CATHERINE L. MABIE. thoroughly familiar with the life of our Lord, also with a knowledge of the AN IMPORTANT MEETING IN more prominent Old Testament characters. This year I spent three hours a THE INTEREST OF CHRISTIAN week with the advanced women, all of whom read intelligently, in a study of LITERATURE the lives of Peter and Paul with the Acts as a text-book and their epistles as On Nov. 22, 1917, a mass meeting commentaries. They were immenselv in- was held in the Chapel of the Fifth terested. One woman in her final Avenue Presbyterian Church, New exam. received 98 per cent. on a stiff York. It was the second in a series of paper, because I didn't quite want to meetings in the interest of Christian give her a hundred. We expect them to literature for the women and children help their husbands in the day and Sun- of non-Christian lands, the first having day-schools in their towns when they re- been held in Chicago last year. turn. Mrs. Moon has been training them to teach the younger children in Miss O. H. Lawrence, of the Wom- Sunday-school here throughout the year. an's Board of Foreign Missions of We find the large primary Lesson rolls, the Reformed Church and Secretary of the Woman's Committee for Christian Literature, presided. The devotional service was led by Mrs. A. F. Schallf- fler, who read as a key-note for the

I8] WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

meeting "the longest verse in the Bible." subscription price is twenty-five cents a It was from the book of Esther and con- year, American stamps are accepted at tained the first Bible reference to the ;,hanghaJ, and a subscription here would translation and spreading of literature in place the "'Happy ChIldhood" in the other places by the people of God. She hands of some delighted Chinese boy or urged that in the face of the appalling girl.

need of to-day, owing to the absolute Miss Flora L. Robinson, of the Isa- lack of adequate literature among Chris- bella Thoburn College for women at tian converts in other lands, the Chris- Lucknow, India, gave an illuminating tian women of America might "be come address on the tragic need for literature to the kingdom for such a time as this." among Oriental women. She pointed Miss Alice M. Kyle, Chairman of out that the necessities of the war should the Voman's Committee, gave a brief not lead us to postpone definite action, outline of the beginning, growth and ac- but rather to press the work. She complishments of this branch of wom- showed how we ourselves, since the war an's missionary service. It had its first began, have needed rather more than great impulse at the Ecumenical Con- less of good reading to help us in these ference when Mrs. W. B. Capron, for overwhelming readjustments that have many years a missionary of the Ameri- come and are coming to us. She spoke can Board in southern India, urged that of the pathetic women in Indian towns a committee of women be formed im- and villages, whose husbands and brothmediately for literary work in mission ers had gone to a war they could not fields. The committee took definite understand, and from which it seemed form after the Edinburgh Conference, impossible for them to hear. She picwhen it became a department of the tured a little group she knew, where a Committee on Christian Literature of school child had been bribed to read the the Continuation Committee. It is inter- news to women who hoped they might denominational in character and six of get some word as to the whereabouts ot the Woman's Foreign Boards are rep- their own dear ones, and this incident resented on it. Its development has been she said could be multiplied many times. slow, but its accomplishments in the for- Miss Robinson also pleaded for the stueign field have been real, and already it dent class of India, "those who can read, has been able to meet real needs on the in whom has been created -a hunger, but foreign field. One of these needs was who have nothing with which to satisfy brought to the committee by Mrs. Pea- it." She said that it had been said by body and Mrs. Montgomery on their re- someone "that the longest bread-line in turn from their trip through the Orient the world was the line of hungry three years ago. They had found that hearts." She told of one of the last en- in China, while a small beginning had terprises of that wonderful woman, been made in the way of a magazine for Pandita Ramabai, who had issued a litwomen, there was no Christian chil- tle cookery book with simple recipes dren's magazine in the country. A lit- that Indian women could follow, with a tle magazine of sixteen pages, "Happy passage of Scripture on the back of every Childhood," was started and its popu- page. It is told that already three familarity and circulation have grown until lies at least of the Brahmins, that most now its subscription list is between three difficult caste to reach, have been won to and four thousand and it is estimated the Gospel through this simple book that at least ten thousand Chinese chil- with its heavenly message.

dren are reached, A devoted missionary, The next speaker was Mrs. Henry Mrs. MacGillivray of Shanghai, gives V. Peabody, a member of the Edinher services as editor, and the magazine burgh Continuation Committee, and is nearly self-supporting, the committee chairman of the Central Committee on in America subsidizing it to the amount United Study of Foreign Missions. – She of five hundred dollars a year. The said that she never passed a book: shop

in America that she did not break one of istic books. So eager are the Japanese to the ten commandments, for she found it read that it is the Christian's opportunso hard not to covet just a few books for ity. China is the great literary nation the hungry women and children of the of the world; the literati are the gov- East-" not books of sermons, not erning class, the most influential and tracts," but just the sweet wholesome most highly respected of any people of stories and the bright magazines, that the country. A Chinese coolie, if he had meant so much to our own child- sees a scrap of newspaper on the ground, hood, She told of some of the immedi- ,,-ill pick it up, smooth it out reverently ate crying needs; how the missionaries in allLl pin it to a wall that it may not be India were pleading for just five hun- deilled by the dust or mud of the road. dred dollars which would be enough to All oyer the world, one sees the same start a Christian magazine which would hunger and the same appalling need. help to support itself; of a Japan mis- Christian literature as a means of evansionary who is getting Ralph Connor's gelism, should have its place not at the "Sky Pilot" translated as a labor of love bottom, but very near to the top of our and hoping and praying for the hun- missionary program. dred dollars to issue it in book form; of how that same missionary longs to give INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP Mrs, Richards' "Golden Vindows" to ] apanese children, and how fifty dollars Christian workers are concerned with would finance it to its goal. The de- all phases of the program of the Church, mand for good reading is so great in and the problem of Christianizing in-. Japan that only the initial cost of trans- ternational relations should be an inlating and publishing the first edition of tegral part of the regular program for a book need be paid (from $50 to $100) every Inter-Church Federation and and then it becomes self-supporting, c,'en for every local church.

Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, secretary Christians are beginning to see that of the American Board and chairman of the Church is vitally concerned with the the American Section of Literature effective establishment of a Christian Committee of Edinburgh Continuation 'OTld-order; that international relations Committee, said that Dr. John R. Mott, ElU~t be Christianized, and that, therein answer to a question about the value fore, every church and eyery Christian of the Christian Literature Committee, must be educated in these matters and replied unhesitatingly that he considered must be organized for the accomplishit the most important movement that ment of this great, new and inspiring had come out of the Edinburgh Con- task. ference. Dr. Patton said that an entirely new situation was now before us. Vomen have a genius for teaching Through Christian education in mission and for organizing. They should wellands a great need had oeen created for come everywhere this cal! to do cona litei'ature, and it were better never to structive work at the Home Base; for have given an education than to leave permanent peace with justice is to be that need unsupplied. He told of the the heritage of the next generation, if Japanese, "a reading people," 97 per the children of to-day are trained in cent. of its entire population literate; of heart and mind to demand a Christian how even the taxicab and jinrikisha world-order. coolies could be seen with books in their hands while waiting for passengers; of Such questions as these should arrest the mile and a half of a Tokyo street the attention of everyone interested in solidly lined with book stalls, and of the the Kingdom: literature that was being sold in those stalls to the great reading public. ] apan is 1. Are you a member of the World literally flooded with immoral and athe- Alliance?

2. Is your church informed about International Friendship?

3. Is the study of the topic in the course of your Bible School?

look into the face of that man. I

no idea there were such Chinese." A Modern Missionary Efficiency similar impression was made upon all who heard this splendid product of F ROM Fenchow station as a center, missionary work in China. Dr. Wallace the American Board, with a staff Buttrick, the Secretary of the Rocke- of thirteen American missionarirs, and feller Foundation, upon returning from 120 Chinese evangelists, teachers, medi- a trip to China, compared Mr. Chang cal assistants and Bible women, is c-arry- to the great pagoda on the Yangtsze ing on a great work in YVest China, ill River, which dominates the landscape a territory practically untouchrd by any for many miles around. So towers this other evangelizing agency. Systematic man above his fellows. President Eliot, methods are being used, First comes a of Harvard, spoke of Chang Po-Ling careful investigation of the country; its as the most interesting person he mt"t agricultural, timber and mineral resources and the natural centers of popu- in China. Mr. Chang is a member of lation, so that permanent stations shall be wisely planted. In the past, points the independent Congregational Church selected for missionary occupation have of Tientsin. He conducts a Christian sometimes proved undesirable from a school of 800 boys, which many conpractical point of view. sider to be the best school in the land. His influence upon these boys is seen in With these surveys, the mission force their erect, soldierly bearing, their careis able wisely to locate its churches, hos- fu! attention to deanliness in person and pitals, dispensaries, and opium refuges, its network of schools ranging from a papaptrairoetli,smtheairndinttehleleicr tueaalrnkeesetnnCehs~sistthieainr theological and Bible training school down through the normal, high and character. Mr. Chang has come to the grammar grades to the kindergarten. In United States to place twelve of his the short space of ten years a splendid graduates in American Christian colequipment, strategically located, has leges, and on his own part to engage in come into being, the Gospel being ~tudy at the Teachers' College, Columpreached each week in seventy-seven dif- bia University, New York. – He is an ferent places and the printing press last impassioned advocate of Christianity as year sending forth nearly three hundred the only hope of China. No one should thousand pages designed to uplift the lose a chance to hear and see this man. people socially, economically and reJig– He wiII give one a new idea of the iousJy. The mission conducts a Bible rower of the missionary movement. Study circle among the gentry, officials and literati, with an enrollment of Chinese Memorizing the Bible 350 men. One church has grown in the decade from 37 mpmhers to 350 and I 'I spite of the conflict in which almost in the whole field 4,000 church mem- the entire world is engaged, the year hers have heen gathered. I 91 7 has been the greatest in the history of the Bible Success Band; and the num- An Arnold of Rugby for China ber of booklets issued for 1918 promises to be almost double that of the past year. A BOSTON business man, who In China alone over 25,000 of the 1917 heard Chang Po-Ling speak at booklets were called for; and it is exthe recent annual meeting of the pected that at least 50,000 of the 1918 booklets will be issued in Chinese. The American Board, said: "It was worth Chinese Christians realize fully the blessing that comes from memorizing a trip from Boston to Columbus just to

Scripture; and the missionaries are people and even with brigand chiefs, as keenly interested in promoting the during the past months. Again and movement throughout the Republic. again have they been called in to act as peace-makers or go-betweens. They It is probable that in China and have secured protection for ousted offi- Korea over 16,000,000 verses will be cials and for defenceless women and memorized next year. In Korea, one children i they have obtained from may see at any time a Bible propped up brigands more moderate terms for on the ironing board. the wash tub, or the cities they have captured; they the kitchen table and the earnest faces have even secured safe passage for show that the workers are "meditating Government troops through districts thereon day and night."-The Sunday held by powerful b rig and bands. School Times. . . . Speaking generally, and remem- bering that there are exceptions, the Changes in Tsinanfu progress of our work has not been much hindered by the great unrest. Where " N EVER has the country been more the missionaries have gained influence by open in every direction to out- the part they have been allowed to take, side influence," writes James B. Neal, it may be hoped that the upheaval wiII M.D. "We who have lived in Tsi- tllrn out rather unto the furtherance of nanfu for twenty-five years and more can the Gospel."-The Mission Field. scarcely believe that it is the same city which in former days was one of the Norwegian Missions in China most hostile in the countrv. anrI most opposed to anything in the wav of West- T HE union of the three leading Norern improvements. From being one of we/dan Lutheran Church bodies in the most backward cities, it h~, chang-pd the United States into the Norwef!:ian to be one of the most progre~sive of the Lutheran Church of America has been provincial capitals with its foreign set- fonowed by union on the mission field. tlement, the streets of which are well The first regular conference of the Chimacadamized, broad and electric light- nese Missions has Deen held and will be ed; with its numerous schools of every known as the Lutheran United Mission. grade from the lowest elementary to it~ The new mission carries on its work at large normal school of several hundred 15 stations and out-stations. According students, its law school, its ae-ricnltural. to 1915 statistics, the Chinese workers commercial and industrial schools. and totaled 282; the communicants, 2.618; with a new medical school being plannl'd the total Christian constituency, 5,628. on Western lines. Two evangelists in the employ of the Bible Institute.which is ,If. rHeal College in Manchuria a rather notable part of the Christian T HE first graduates from the Mukwork ;n T,inanfu and now incorporated with th~ Shantung Cl1ristian University den Medical College have comas its Department of University Exten- pleted their course of training under Dr. sion, have within the past few months Christie and his fellow missionaries. visited over two thonsand persons in Their diplomas have the official stamp various shops in the city in order to es- of the Governor of Manchuria-the tablish friend Iv rel ations with them and first time, so far as is known, that such draw their attention to the claims of a thing has been done in China, and a Christianity. proof of the confidence of the local gov- ernment in the completeness of the Missionary Inftuence in China training.

B l~HOP CASSELS, of Western The men who have graduated nun ber twentv. Six of thf"se have heel't , Chin~. writes: "Never in my ex- taken on by the Hospital and College nerience of thirty vears have missionaries as residents and demonstrators, and a had so much influence with officials,

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seventh is acting in the same capacity J ames, a teacher ill the Kumamoto Gov- without salary. Another is employed as ernment College. The students who itinerant medical evangelist, under the professed conversion to Jesus Christ, guidance. of the College staff. One has sealed their consecration at a meeting on gone to France with the China Labor the top of a nearby hill, and signed a tlattalion. Three have already gone to compact in their own blood to devote mission hospitals in Manchuria, and it themselves to the Christian ministry.

is hoped that two or three others may About one-third of the members of that also be arranged for. One has entered group actually became leaders in the Government military service, and two ministry of the Church in Japan.

others are likely to follow suit. All the About five years ago a second Kuma- students are said to be Christians.- moto Band was formed in the same col- Record of United Free Church of Scot- lege, under the leadership of a graduate land. who was serving as secretary of the Medical Problems in Tibet Kyoto Imperial University Association. This second band met upon the same hill I N Tibet, that country of the wild and signed a compact with their blood frontier, where the one who is strong- pledging themselves to the service of the est prevails, and where crime is pun- kingdom of God. Unlike the earlier ished with a ruthlessness parallel with compact, this later vow pledged them to savagery, the suffering endured by many devote their talents and life to the upof the patients who come to the medical building and extension of the kingdom missionary is beyond description. One of God in whatsoever place God might man, for example, had his right hand wish to use them. Many of this band and his left foot cut off because he was are planning to enter the ministry and caught stealing. The raw stumps of other forms of Christian leadership, but these wounded members were· plunged some are being led into business and proin boiling butter in order to stop the fessional life, where they may do their bleeding. After many weeks of intense best for the great cause.-The North suffering, this man was brought to Dr. A merican Student. Shelton, of the Christian Mission for medical attention. Trained Nurses in Japan Many people, because of the cold of A LMOST all nurses in Japan are the mountains and insufficient protection, from the servant class, ignorant have their feet or hands frozen off. and uneducated. They are constantly They come to Dr. Shelton after they have suffered for several months and ask exposed to the most immoral surroundfor medical help. Of course, in cases like ings and temptations, and something these, he can only give them temporary should be done to elevate the whole relief and show them the kindly spirit of standard of nursing in the country. Christianity in their great suffering. This could be done through a properly organized training school conducted on The custom of crucifixion is still in American lines, and a magnificent opvogue for grosser crimes, and beheading portunity is offered for constructive is a very common practice. In spite of Christian mission work. the ruthlessness of the authorities, the Tibetans are kindly disposed and re- Miss Tsuda, the principal of a Girls' spond very quickly to the tenderness and School in Tokyo, says that a weIlunselfish service of the Christian mis- equipped training school for nurses is sionary. one of the most urgently needed institu- tions in the Far East. The status of JAPAN-CHOSEN trained nurses in Japan, with the excep- tion of those from St. Luke's and the The New Kumamoto Band T HE famous Kumamoto Band was Red Cross Hospitals, is deplorable. formed nearly forty years ago, With a model training school under as a result of the influence of Captain Christian protection and influence, young

women of a much higher class will glad- striking changes. The following is his ly enter the profession. The work al- story of the development of a Korean ready done by St. Luke's, the Protestant church: Episcopal mission hospital, proves this true, and the experiment has command- "Twenty years ago, when I first went ed wide approval throughout Japan. to Korea, I stopped in the little town From such a school, educated girls from of Pyeng Yang and visited a church. good families who have completed their 1t had seven members; it met in a mud training should go out as leaders and hut about ten feet square; it could head nurses to other hospitals in Japan hardly be called a church. The last and Korea.-The Living Church. Sunday I was there (1915) I saw 1,500 members filling every seat on a rainy Opium Growing in Chosen Sunday. They were so busy that they had no time to hear a foreigner speak. REV. E. W. THWING, of the In- Eight hundred of them were out to prayer meeting every Wednesday night, ternational Reform Bureau in and all of them wished to pray. Al- Peking, went to Korea in the summer, ready they have sent out forty-two to investigate a rumor that opium was branch churches. They have the 1,500 being grown there, to be sold to the membership at the home church, and Chinese. He reports that he found it that membership increased from the true, and that he was told that Japanese original membership of seven until they officials had provided the seeds, and had have sent out 30,000." encouraged the Koreans to plant opium, saying that they could make much mon- INDIA, BURMA, CEY:LON ey. Mr. Thwing had an interview with the responsible Japanese officials Indian Christians Wish Representation in Seoul and tried to show them the ruin that would come from this new A T a meeting of influential Indian policy. They said that the Government Christians held in the Young was very strict in regard to the sale and 1Icn's Christian Association auditorium use of opium in Korea, and they gave at Madras, Mr. M. D. Devadoss, barhim copies of the anti-opium laws. They ristcr-at-law, demanded for his communclaimed, however, that opium was still ity separate representation in the legisneeded for medicine;' that in China it latures that are shortly to be constituted, was still planted; that the Chillese according to the recommendations of the wanted it, and opium was bringing high British mission, which is at present in prices. They seemed somewhat ashamed India on a rapid tour of investigation. when Mr. Thwing explained how hard His plea, as reproduced in New India, China had worked to suppress it, and, was: in spite of revolutions and a weak government, had accomplished wonders. "It is very necessary that the Chris- ] apan, with a strong central govern- tians have a representative in the legisment, could easily put down this eviL lative and other bodies. No doubt the Christians have many things in common A new anti-opium campaign is needed. with other people, but there are certain The public opinion of the world must things which are distinctly Christian, speak. Organizations that stand for in- ane! when the interests of Christians ternational justice arc asked to take ac- clash with the interests of other people, tion on this subject, and to bring it to those people will not be able to reprethe attention of the press. Sl'lit the Christians properly. Therefore, they should have their own representa- Growth of a Korean Church tives in all the great institutions of the country. To mark the progress of the SHERWOOD EDDY, in the course Christians, to show that they are a com- of his various trips to the Far munity by themselves, to justify the fact that they by their education and ad- East, has had opportunities to see soine

FROM MANY LANDS

vance are fit to take part in the councils besought the customer to excuse him of the state, they must be given a proper that day, as he was busy! On the deplace which should not be left to the parture of the customer, he said: 'My whim of the electorate, which might or good friend, we are engaged in business might not send proper representatives. much more serious than a sale. God They should have the right to send their knows my needs, and, should He think own representatives, who should be well, He will send that man to me elected, if possible, by the members of again.' Karim is a seeker after God, their own community." and this seeking is with him a matter of deep concern. He has never resented Evangelism in the Indian Church our talk about Christ; on the contrary, he expects it, and, so far as I know, not WITHIN the Church in India an once has any bitterness entered into his . unusual spirit of evangelism is speech as we have considered together the claims of the Saviour." spreading. At the last meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian India Inspired by China's Example Church in India, it was decided that the time had come for a special and I ND IAN Christians point to missiondefinite campaign to win men and ary work in China as an example of women to Christ in all the different Christian unity. An article in the sections. The plans originated at that Dnyanodaya of Bombay, after saying, time have met with a splendid response "Those who come out of the non-Chrison the part of the Indian Church. tian communities have no historical or Never before has this Church shown sentimental reason for wishing to introsuch universal readiness to take up the duce the unfortunate divisions of the challenge of the unconverted multi- Vest. For these reasons it is overtudes; never before such an uprising of whelmingly important that missons of its forces. Of those engaged in the many kinds should earnestly co-operate campaign, there were three volunteers and often should organically unite," to everyone employed. They went goes on to say: "In Canton a Union forth into city and village. Christian Theological College is being organized students in the colleges, high schools under the auspices of eight different and other educational institutions were American and English missionary oramong the most enthusiastic helpers. ganizations. The Church of England Three such in Forman Christian Col- bishop has given Dr. Fulton, the Preslege at Lahore, pledged themselves for byterian President, a most cordial letter life for definite Christian service. urging Episcopalians in America to con- tribute funds for this union theological A Moslem "Seeker" in Bengal college! (Praise God.) In such joint institutions students of every section of A N English missionary to Moslems the Church will receive from an in Bengal writes : "We meet not instructor of their own church a few who are growing dissatisfied both special instruction in its particular tenwith their prophet and their book. ets, while the students of all the denomi- They have a secret desire to know more nations will receive common instruction of Jesus Christ. One such Moslem in most branches. When can anything was Karim, the 'gracious,' an elderly like such a union theological institution man, of humble position, who keeps a be organized in India? tiny shop. "What God is doing in China He "One of our evangelists first found him, wishes to do and will do in India, if He not many months ago. During one of is not hindered by mistaken narrowness my visits he unwittingly taught me a on the part of foreign and Indian leadlesson of more humble reliance upon ers in India." God. When a customer intruded upon our talk, Karim, with singular politeness,

MOSLEM LANDS this year as I called on her in passing Christian Literature for Moslem Children through she has taken me by the hand and led me into her room and called A RECENT report on Moslem the other women of the house Lands, presented to the Executive and the boys to hear me read.

Committee of the World's Sunday The daughter-in-law of the caravan- School Association by Bishop Hartzell serai man in Sahnah, who used to shows how the Foundations in character quarrel with the other women of the building among Moslem children are be- household for coming to meetings, has ing laid by giving the Gospel and Chris- made a dinner for me in the garden tian literature to the childhood of North and invited me to her house, listened Africa, Persia, Arabia, Egypt and the most attentively to the Word and in- Sudan. Under the leadership of Rev. vited others to hear also. One of the Stephen V. Trowbridge, the World's maids of the Khan's house at Jabrabad Sunday School Secretary for Moslem learned the Lord's Prayer in two days Lands, notable work has already been and was so happy at the thought of hav- done and is increasingly appreciated by ing a Father in Heaven, that when she Egyptian Christians as well as by the spoke of coming to Kermanshah and I missionaries. About 350 Moslem boys asked her if she had any people there, are under efficient Christian teaching in she said-'I have my Father in Heaven the day and Sunday-schools of the wherever I go, so what do I need of American Mission in Egypt. There are other people?' "

655 boys and girls, of whom 293 are Moslems in mission schools in the Needs of Teheran College, Persia Sudan where Dr. Zwemer estimates NEW buildings are greatly needed by there are 1,500,000 Moslem children Teheran College, which is located under fourteen years of age. Doors are opening also for Christian literature in the capital city of Persia. This is one among the 35,000,000 Malay Moslems, of the most promising of missionary edu- and among the throngs in Sierra Leone, cational institutions.

West Africa. Sixteen years ago, the number of pu- To furnish wholesome Christian liter- pils was sixty-six, and only twenty-two were Mohammedans. In recent years, ature for Moslem boys, Mr. Trow- the over-crowded enrollment has been – bridge has translated into Arabic the ?40, and 350 of them belong to the rul- life of Dr. Hogg, "A Master Builder lllg race. of the Nile." If the world is to be "made safe for democracy," democracy Among these have been an even dozen must be made safe for the world by the of the sons or grandsons of prime min- supreme leadership of Christ. One great isters, sons of other cabinet ministers, or factor in this campaign must be whole- royal princes, of members of Majless some Christian literature for childhood (Congress), and of the other noblest and and youth. most influential families of the whole empire-boys who by their birth are Winning Persian Women destined· to be the rulers of Persia. Many MRS. F. W. STEAD, of the Pres- of these boys come twenty, thirty, forty byterian Mission in Kermanshah, days' journey by caravan, and remain in the school for years, without returning Persia, writes of some of her encourag- home. ing experiences among the women: "Among the most interesting cases I The spirit of the school is democratic.

have had is the old mother of the The sons of princes and high officials Ghazi in Bisitu who, when we first mingle on terms of perfect equality with began going there, was so bigoted that the children of the poor of every race and she would not enter my room nor allow creed.

me to sit on her dirty rug, but twice The earnest enthusiasm for education,

FROM MANY

the remarkable success of the day school, Dr. Watson's imagination has been and of the self-supporting boarding de- captivated by the prospect for Egypt partment, the present over-crowded and the entire Near East after the war, quarters, and the college site already se- assuming, of course, that the pernicious cured, constitute a mi~hty call to the influence of the Turk:.' is to be brok:.en. home Church. "Imagine," he says, "the Near East freed, including Turkey, Arabia, Per- AFRICA sia and Egypt, with a vast area of al- most 3,000,000 square miles-more than TArmenian Refugees at Port Said twice that of India-with a population HE little congregation of Protest- of almost 50,000,000, freed from the ant Armenian refu~ees at Port blighting influences which have limited Said were, before their terrible experi- its population, retarded its industrial deence, inhabitants of six villages in Asia velopment and degraded its moral and :Minor and most of them belonged to spiritual ideals. Imagine Egypt at the the old Armenian or Gregorian Church. center, geographically, of this liberated Their religious cen:monies were recited world of the Near East. Think of the in a dead language-old Armenian, not start it has by virtue of the political libunderstood by the present generation. erties and industrial development which So these members of the "Illuminator's the British occupation has secured for it Church," as they called it (after St. in the past thirty-five years. Consider Gregory the "Illuminator"), were in its strategic location along the highway dark: ignorance of the Gospel. About of the nations, the Suez Canal. From fifty years ago, the efforts of American Egypt may be exerted influences making missionaries brought them the Evangel- for enlightenment, for moral uplift, for ical Movement, and introduced a Turk:.- spiritual regeneration, such as the New ish translation of the Scriptures. About Day in the Near East demands."-The eighty families from these six villages Christian Express. were converted, but it has been very difficult to maintain a Christian atmos- The Basel Mission on the Gold Coast phere among a people who have had no mental preparation for it; no back:.- T HERE will doubtless be many misground with which to apprehend spirit- sionary readjustments after the ual things. Since their arrival on Egyp- war. For example: the Basel Mission tian soil, Rev. Dikran Andreassian, a has been at work in the Gold> Coast for native pastor, has cared for the spiritual seventy years. While it is a Swiss socineeds of a congregation of about seven- ety, it has drawn the greater part of its ty families. He writes that "The sow- financial support and a large number of ing has not been without its crops, the its missionaries from South Germany. most prominent part of which is diffused The work it has accomplished has won in the hearts and lives of men and wom- the highest praise from government ofen-something which numerical stati~­ tics cannot comprise." ficials and other impartial observers. A A Great Future for Egypt Christian community numbering 25,000 baptized persons has been built up and DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, of 8,330 pupils attend the schools. Cairo, is well qualified to speak: of The British Government recognizes things as they are and as they are likely the value of the work and is anxious to be in Egypt. He says, "Comparing that everything possible should be done Egypt of two years ago with Egypt of to save it from injury, but has conclud- 1917, certain marked changes are dis- ed that it is necessary that all German cernible. Then, business conditions were influence be eliminated from the Misgreatly depressed. To-day Egypt seems sion. This means that a new society to be prospering, Cairo especially so; must be formed to take over the Ge~­ there is great activity in many lina" man work on the Gold Coast. An ap- peal has been made to the U nited ~ree

Church of Scotland to co-operate in the stupid old error in English of thinkconserving the results already gained ing that this means Ethiopia coming to and the Foreign Mission Committee feel beg a boon from God. .No, the very that the call is not one which can be same Psalm that says that Ethopia shall set aside, in spite of the difficulties due soon stretch out her hands to God, exto the claims of the war on the young plains this as not begging but bestowing manhood of the nation. A Christian in the words. 'Becau.se of thy temple at community of 25,000 Africans cannot Jerusalem shall kings bring presents be left without provision for their spirit- unto Thee. . . . Ethiopia shall etc.' ual and educational needs. "It is of the land of the slaves that it The only other large mission in the Gold Coast is that of the Wesleyan is written. 'Princes shall come out of Methodist Society, which faces such . . . Ethiopia,' and we are trying to great demands for expansion that they build up a church of no-begging but cannot accept further responsibility. ever-bestowing Africans who will freely The deputies of the United Free Church give because they freely received. Perof Scotland who have studied the situa- haps we did wrong, but. these natives tion say: "The difficulties are great j have lived with me for a quarter of a they must be frankly recognized, but century and with their own eyes they with the will to serve, they are not in- saw us turn away costly gifts of ivory superable." They, therefore, plan to and rubber worth thousands of pounds; take up the work. saw us refuse to develop great economic resources, lest by so doing our own Training Evangelists for the 'Congo souls and the souls of these young Lu- bans would suffer thereby."

"NEVS comes from our African Church Union in South Africa mission," says a writer in The T HE Christian Express, published in ~lissionarjJ 1ntelligencer, of the Foreign Lovedale, South Africa, comments Christian Missonary Society, "that all editorially as follows on church condi- the stations are delighted with the tions in that part of the world: Bolenge school for evangelists, which has recently been started. This is the "Historically the Independents and beginning of a strong school for the Presbyterians have been very closely astraining of all our younger native evan- sociated. The Scotch Covenanters for gelists in the work. It is believed by the Presbyterians, Cromwell and his the mission that courses laid out in this Ironsides and the Pilgrim Fathers for school will be of great help to the young the Independents, these are a historical preachers coming on. The Congo peo- and spiritual ancestry of which no man ple did not have any school until our and no church need be ashamed. The missionaries went to them. They did coming together of their descendants is not even have a written language, and a natural thing. We are glad to see our workers have had to start the edu- that the South African Presbyterian cational service from the ground." Assemblywelcomed the proposal and has appointed a committee 'to consult and Promise for Ethiopia Fulfilled report.' It is an unhappy fact that a further union with the great Dutch A FTER describing a very effective Presbyterian Church of this country has and picturesque sermon by a Con- not yet even been suggested." go preacher, Dan Crawford says: CGerman East Africa "Well done, Ethiopia! Surely this is ANON ROGERS has been trying a true stretching out of your hands unto to resuscitate the work of the God. It is curious that all through Church Missionary Society in the ter- Africa this idiom for 'stretching out the ritory formerly German East Africa, hands' exactly agrees with all the usages which has now been entirely occupied in Hebrew, and therefore disagrees with

FROM MANY LANDS

.by the British. He paid a visit in May Sunday the Alum congregation pledged 3,465 days of work for the Lord. to Buigiri and M vumi. He heard re- Efulen's pledge is 5,995 days. That means souls." ports from most of the agents, and they were generally very encouraging. With scarcely an exception these agents had been making efforts to carr~ on ~he NORTH AMERICA wofoarkn~ although they were not 111 receIpt A New Idea in Community Service salary. They kept on in spite of lack of supervision and, in some cases, in I N many small towns in t~e United States, there is an awakemng to the the face of the opposition of the head- men. Everywhere Canon Rogers heard importance of saving the boys and girls of keenness to learn to read, and of men by providing positive helpfulness in and women being under instruction with place of merely negative commands.

a view to baptism. One town-Marysville-a little village In May last the Rev. R. H. Leakey of 3,000 out in Kansas,. is like most spent three weeks in Bukoba in Ger- other country places, wIth no great man East Africa to the west of the temptations but also without much en- Victoria Nyanza, and he has since pro- tertainment for the young folks. They ceeded thither with Mrs. Leakey to make their own entertainment, and it is take over the work of the Lutheran not always of the best. The men and Mission in that region. He speaks of women who wanted to remedy this con- the mission as having apparently existed dition organized a Community I:I0~se more for the purpose of trading than Association. They secured a bUlldmg anything else. There is a "good house and equipped it as a neighborhood for the European in charge, an excellent club with a reception room, with stthoerre~ and a fine carpenter's shop, but cmahgaai;~sindeasv.enApormtsaatrnodntaisbliens loaded with is no church, and a wretched charge. At class-room does duty as a school." All one side are the office of the county the teachers had been baptized and Y. M. C. A. and a room for boys, with trained in Uganda, and in May there games, books and papers.

was a baptismal roll with forty-four On the other side is a club room nchaimlders~nf.ourWohf ewnhitchhe were of European where the girls' and women's clubs may German mission- meet. It has a library, with 2,000 volaries left there were nine out-stations, umes. In the large room the town's and since then the Baganda tt'acher left meetings are held; musical entertainin charge has opened ten others. On ments are given weekly; Bible classes Trinity Sunday Mr. Leakey baptized meet gt hroewr ei'~gcosmpmi r iitttoeef shaerlepffurleneestso use it. thirty-eight men and six women, who A is per- were catechumens at the outbreal: of meating the smaller cities and is getting war. into the lives of people. Churches are Alrican Thristians at Work being rebuilt; school houses are use~ A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in evenings as well as by day; the women s West Africa writes: "The rather new departure at Efulen of the ~eop~e clubs are discussing social hygiene, betgoing out without pay and gathenng 111 the harvest of souls, which is so ripe, is ter babies, playgrounds, medical inspecyielding a splendid fruitage. At E!ulc:n alone there have been 229 converts In SIX tion of schools and similar topics inweeks. . . . There is a spirit of work and zeal that has never been there before stead of reading erudite papers on except in the early days whefl the Christians were doing the work themselves Shakespeare and Browning. and not paying evangelists. On a recent A Chinese Finds Pagans in America A LETTER written to a friend in China by a Chinese Christian who has come to the United States to study, is suggestive of some of the things that

need remedying in America. This Chi- of Commerce, the Board of Education, nese says: and a Committee of which Chancellor "What a nation is America! Full of 11cCormick, of Pittsburg" University, good and full of vices. What a tempting was chairman.

place for the young men of China who come to study! It is my sincere hope Armenians in America that they will get the best out of ONE aspect of the sufferings of the America and put themselves in the Armenian people, perhaps little way of Christian influence. Before I came to America, I thought thought of, is the anxiety and sorrow of the church members knew more the thousands of Armenians in America, about Christianity than the Chinese. who have had no word of their loved N ow I know that most of them ones, nor learned of their tragic do not know what Christianity is. A fate. A rug merchant in N ew York told Christian nation, yet full of pagans! to a sympathetic inquirer how thirteen You may think that I make too bold a years ago he had brought his Armenian statement, yet the fact is there."-The bride to America. Business prospered and Livin!1 Church. in 1914, to celebrate their tenth wedding anniversay,he sent his wife and little ones An Educational Commission from Japan home for a visit to their parents. "Then," he said, "came the war! They A MONG the more or less official had just arrived at their destination, and bodies from other lands which have I acted promptly, you may believe. The been in the United States in recent authorities at Washington were most months was a group of twelve Japanese kind. Through the Embassy at Conschool principals, selected by the Edu- stantinople they located my wife and the cational Department of the Japanese children, and forwarded money I Government from the middle schools, placed in their hands. I learned that my but financed by a Japanese magazine, dear ones were well, but alas ! – I could who visited New York, Philadelphia and not hear from them. 110re than two Pittsburg. Mr. K. Sasaki, principal of years have passed, and still there is no one of the high schools in Tokyo, was personal letter, though I am assured that chairman of the party. These school- they are still preserved. vVhile they are masters received a special welcome not not permitted to return, I have not lost simply by educational and civic organi- hope that I shall see them again. But zations, but by Sunday-school leaders. you can imagine my feelings in view of They expressed the deep impression made what I know is taking place all around upon them by the fact that America them, that practically all the Armenians while busy commercially, and in vast of the town where they are have been war preparations, was equally busy 0 in killed or driven away, and that any day social service lines and was emphasizing I may learn that they are no moretremendously the spiritual. In Brook- o or worse!"

lyn, Philadelphia and Pittsburg, they had opportunity for a study of some Mormon Doctrine in War Time representative Sunday-schools so that they could observe at close range the in- MORMONS have not given up timate and necessary relationship be- polygamy! Americans who have tween the public school and the Sunday- believed that agitation for a constitu- school in the development of a rounded tional amendment on the subject is un- character. necessary will he surprised to learn that In Pittsburg, through arrangements the Mormons not only have been advo- made by Mr. H. J. Heinz, Chairman cating in Europe that, in view of the of the Executive Committee of the destruction of the male population in World's Sunday School Association, the war, more than one woman should be visitors were entertained by the Chamber married to each surviving man, but

I 8J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

also that propaganda to promote polyg- two little Japanese girls. After that the meeting was turned over to the amy is being conducted in America as chairmanship of a Los Angeles citizen, -a former 'Christian.' The speakers weIl. The Continent presents the facts as follows: "By an arrangement which must have were a city councilman; a citizen whose been made through some newspaper svn- theme was that 'all great teachers like dicate agency, a considerable number' of Buddha and Christ 'v~re climbing a daily papers in this country have been mountain, each from a different side of persuaded to publish four successive the hill, all hound for the same top, and articles in favor of polygamy from the in his opinion what they should do was pen of Susan Youn!!; Gates of Utah. the to Quit quarreling and do more climb- daughter of Brigham Young. Mrs. ing.'

Gates makes boast of the fact that she "Then there spoke a woman from was born into a family of nineteen India, a prophet from Persia, and the wives, and cites the experience of her British consul. The last speaker was the childhood as the basis on which she .Tapanese consul who said that 'Chris- recommends poly,e-amy as the ideal mar- tianitv should make a better study of riage relation. Everv word that she Buddhism before pronouncing it super- writes is an insult to the domestic ideals stition, that it had the same love and of Christendom, but nothing else that compassion that Jesus taught.'

she says quite equals the effrontery of "Such speakers do not know Bud- her declaration that polygamy can only dhism in its practical effects nor do they be a blessing where it is consecrated b~ know Jesus Christ and His Gospel." rrli!dous motives under divine sanctio~.

This, of course, is a direct chaIIenge LATIN AMERICA from the heart of Mormonism to the The Earthquake in Guatemala evangelical churches of America." IN the last weeIc of December a great :Buddhism in America earthquake shook Guatemala City 'XTE have often been warned that if and leveled all buildings to the ground. Over one hundred thousand people were V V American Christians do not rendered homeless, but few were killed. The Presbyterian Mission houses, in- Christianize the Orient, then the Orient cluding the new Hospital and Training wiII de-Christianize America. I t is a School for Nurses, and the Girls' School, contest to prove which is the vital and were destroyed. The other mission stavitalizing religion. It is rather startling tion at Quezaltenango was not injured. to learn that in Los Angeles 1,200 Tap- The American Red Cross has sent 5,000 anese were 'recently converterl to Bud- tents and other relief to the stricken city. dhism. There are over 4,000 Japanese An earthquake also recently devastated Buddhists in Seattle and thev have con- portions of San Salvador. tributed lavishly toward the building and support of a magnificent Buddhist A temple. In all, there are seventy-four Fresh Trouble in Mexico temples in the United States devoted .to the worship of Buddha, most of these LL friends of Mexico hope that being on the Paciflc Coast, from which the country is not to slip back into the propaganda is being carried on civil strife and disorder just as it seemed among the white races. A California that the land was to have a stable gov- missionary describes in Men and Mis- ernment once more and a chance for sions a Buddhist meeting, packed with . peaceful development. Report comes an immense audience and lasting from that Villa has broken out again with a 2 :00 until 5 :30 P. M.: much larger number of men in his train "First there was an ovation to Bud- than it was supposed he could get to- dha, made by a priest; then a presenta- gether and that he is terrorizing north- tion made to an image of the God by ern Mexico. He succeeded in taking

Ojunago, three hundred miles from rescue destitute children and train them Chihuahua, where the American Board to become honest and useful citizens. has one of its stations, compelling most 7,149 boys and girls were under the ca~e of the Carrancistas to flee across the bor- of the Homes at the end of last year, der into the United States. Conditions in Chihuahua are regarded critical as and they have admitted 4,744 children the withdrawal of General Murguia to the south has left the city with a reduced since war broke out. garrison and a less efficient commander. Wild reports are in circulation as to The Soldier and His Testament Villa's plans and there is much anxiety as to what will happen next. R EV.NORMAN MacLEAN, D.D., of Edinburgh, who has spent In view of Villa's boasted antagon- several months in the army camps in ism to all Americans, it will be neces- France, writes in the Record of the sary for missionaries, as well as others National Bible Society of Scotland: from the United States, to be on their "There is one thing the soldier greatly guard. It is not a question of antipathy prizes, and that is his New Testament. to missions or even to individuals, but of In the huts there is a constant request general hatred of everything American for Testaments, and these requests are on the part of this ignorant and lawless never refused. No soldier need go up rebel chief. It remains to be seen to the front without the words of eterwhether the government in the South nal life in his knapsack. One of my will be strong enough and resolute cherished memories is a soldier coming enough to counteract this new danger. up after a service and showing me his Testament, and the way in which the Opening a Mission in Costa Rica bulIet had pierced it, and half way through had been deflected, and saved D R. GEORGE A. MILLER, Su- his life. Such a Testament was too perintendent of the Methodist precious to be risked any further, and Mission in Panama, recently visited the he asked me to take it home to his Republic of Costa Rica with a view to mother. exploring the missionary possibilities, the Methodist Episcopal Church having "While it would be foolish to expect been requested by the Inter-denomina- regeneration from high explosives and tional Committee on Latin American l'renches, yet, when the great army FIelds to survey and occupy this field. They found the door wide open. From comes home, the men will welcome the the President to the man on the street, scores of people heartily welcomed the warmer breath of love and brotherhood missionary representatives and urged such as the Church will give them. It them to inaugurate work at once. Both is that more fervent atmosphere of love that the Church needs most to provide the capital, San Jase, and Cartago, the for the returning soldiers."

second city, are especially inviting. Evangelizing British Hop-Pickers Costa Rica has the most energetic people and the best organized industry of AEO UT the time when the noble any Central American country, and is and wealthy magnates of the West at present without Protestant work, ex- End of London leave for the country, a cept for a weak independent mission. As soon as funds are available strong kind Providence sends about 90,000 evangelical work should be established. dwellers of the East End also to the EUROPE country, to the fields and meadows of Kent, Sussex and other home coun- Barnardo's Homes ties, where you find them by the end of August and aU September, with M ANY Englishmen are now seeing their children, engaged in the lightest of a patriotic significance in the all employments, gathering the fragrant worlc of Dr. Barnardo's Homes, which fruit of the hop plant. Very few of them ever enter a house of worship. Here, however, the church which they care not to attend in town is brought to them in

18 ] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS .157

the country. The several missions to missionary, who hoped to settle there in the hop-pickers send earnest, godly men, October and to open a regular "Foyer." who visit the camps of the hop-pickers, In the meantime the Protestant church and are usually beset, and nearly upset, was placed at the disposal of the Mala- by the rush for hymn-books. gasy for a Sunday afternoon service. A committee of lIalagasy arranges for It is a weird sight on a moonless night native preachers"dlen a European misaround a blazing fire to watch the inner sionary is not present. At iIarseiIIes, ring of little children seated on the grass Toulouse, Bordeaux, and other places, and the crowd of men and women stand- similar work is being done by local pasing behind them, and going back into tors and other Christians. the darkness, all listening eagerly and with the stillness of a cathedral service, Missions in the Trenches to the Gospel of salvation, or singing together the hymns of gladness and life. T HAT there is considerable religion in the trenches of Europe is a fact Who can compute how much the which we are coming to realize, but "Mission to the Hop-Pickers" means· to that this trench religion at times takes nearly a hundred thousand people, re- on a missionary aspect will surprise leased from the slums and other low many. A missionary meeting in the haunts of congested cities, and given trenches! Speakers from the missionary three to five weeks' sojourn in the open front in Africa, China, India holding country? These people are given light hardened soldiers spell-bound by their employment, and receive in wages the tales of spiritual victories among the means to enable them to face the rigors non-Christian races of the world I-such of the approaching winter, to pay their things we had hardly thought possible. rent and carry with them many Scripture portions and booklets, the circula- A missionary from Papua, British tion of which among them now numbers New Guinea, has been giving lectures at several millions.-Life of Faith. the front on such topics as "Racial Problems in Relation to Christianity," Work Among Colonials in France "Our Duty to the Veaker Races," "The Ultimate Aim." These lectures T HE Journal des ~lissions publishes are followed by discussions often con- interesting details of the efforts tinuing far into the night. put forth by French Protestants for the help of their fellow Protestants amongst The Gospel in Spain the ever-growing number of natives of the French colonies arriving in France. T HE Spanish Branch of the Vorld's N early the whole of the Tahitians, the Evangelical Alliance has determajority of the New Caledonians, and mined to celebrate. the fiftieth anniverat least half the Malagasy are said to be sary of the permission to preach the Protestants. To these must be added a Gospel in Spain. It has framed an atlarge number of Basutos, who come tractive program for the meetings in from what is now a British colony, 1918, and it is hoped that the Congress which was originally evangelized by to be held in Madrid, in October, will French Protestant missionaries, and in mark a new starting point in Spanish which the great majority of professing evangelization. Until 1868 it was a Christians look to the Paris Missionary crime for Spaniards to possess a copy of Society as their spiritual parents. the Bible in their own tongue and the practice of the Inquisition was contin- At the great naval port of Toulon ued after the abolition of that instituthere were, at the beginning of July, tion. In 1868 Queen Isabella was drivabout 1,500 Malagasy, about 1,000 of en from Spain and the exiles for conwhom were Protestants. For a year science were permitted to return to their past, those who can do so have attended native land. The late Bishop Cabrera a small gospel hall situated far from the barracks. They have been visited by a

was told by General Prim that he could plan. Not many years since, the colony go wherever he wished with "his Bible embraced nearly 1,300 lepers, while tounder his arm." Since that time the day there are but 600. The Mormons story of evangelical work has been also have a church in l1olokai." marked by years of persecution and times of tolerance. Much has been ac- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES complished in the presence of very great obstacles. Much more requires to be Unexplored Mindanao done before Spain knows the Gospel, and it is to be hoped that the condition of W HEN a part of the Micronesia Europe next year will permit foreign :Mission was transferred from the delegates to join their Spanish brethren American Board to the London :Missionin celebrating the Jubilee.-Evangelical ary Society, Rev. and .Mrs. Frank J. Christendom. Voodward, formerly at work in the Gilbert Islands, joined the Philippine ISLANDS OF THE SEA Mission, with station at Cagayan, Min- danao. Writing from Zamboanga, the The Lepers in Hawaii very westernmost point of Mindanao, Mr. Voodward says: FLEMING H. REVELL, of New York, during a trip to Hawaii vis- "A few weeks ago Captain Fort dis- covered a new tribe of people living some ited the leper settlement on the Island hundreds of miles north of Davao. The of Molokai. He says: people of this tribe had never been vis- ited by a white man, neither had they "I found a scattered settlement. seen a horse. Buildings were mostly in groups at widely separated points-boys' homes, "Captain Fort told us of the discovgirls' homes, cottage homes for families, ery, some months previously, of a tribe and others for male or female adults, numbering about five thousand that had school buildings, recreation hall, hospi- not been known to exist. From what I tal and a goodly number of detached can learn, it appears that most of the homes where families containing one or interior peoples are more open to the more lepers were allowed certain sec- teaching of the Gospel than those along tions of land to cultivate and upon the coast, making an exception of the which to build. In common with my ~loros and Manobos. Captain Fort esexperience in other leper settlements vis- timates the population of Mindanao to ited, in Cuba, Jamaica, Central Amer- be at least 800,000." ica, I found here no indication that patients were either despondent or morose. OBITUARY They were the reverse-patient, if suffering keenly: otherwise entering heart- William Y. King of Toronto. ily into recreations and entertainments. O N November 30, 1917, Mr. Will- "The moral and religious work and iam Y. King, the American Secinfluence are mostly in the hands of the retary-Treasurer of the China Inland Roman Catholics. A priest and four Mission, died suddenly in Toronto, Can- 'brothers' appear devoted to their work ada, as the result of a stroke. Mr. in connection with the boys' homes. King was born at Ingersol, Ontario, on The grave of Father Damien is to be September 5, 1869, and after some exseen in the little churchyard. The Girls' perience in his father's flour mill, en- Home is presided over by a Mother Su- tered into business in Montreal. He perior and with three 'sisters' who de- was a zealous Christian, prayerful, tactvote themselves to this department. ful and humble. He became deeply interested in missions when his sister "A strict segregation of lepers is insti- went as a missionary to China in 1896. tuted under American laws. A notable Later he visited China with his wife and decrease in numbers attests the impor- on his return in 1910 was invited to tance and the beneficial effect of this become treasurer of the China Inland Mission. China From Within: Impressions and ers. The plain country folk: and their Experiences. By Charles Ernest Scott, plainer homes; their fairs and their M.A., D.D. Illustrated. 327 pp. $1.75 theatres; floods and famines and plagues net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New which so often decimate them; the spe- York. 1917. cial political unrest of recent years and its effect 1.pon the people and the infant F EW theological seminaries have ever Church; the itinerant's d1.sty, windy, listened to a course of lectures like muddy trials leading to churches in the these delivered before Princeton Semi- house where all sorts of pathetic and trinary men in 1914-1915. In form and umphant scenes are witnessed :-these material they are better adapted for are the substance of nearly t"FO hundred popular reading than for anything like a pages of the volume. Perhaps the most critical student audience. Seven chapters striking pictures are those describing of missionary material are prefaced by communion services held under all two more general in character dealing sorts of incongruouus circumstances. with "The Land and the People" ani The constant refrain of victory through "Racial Traits." The latter chapters prayer and faithful witnessing is a joy are more oratorical and less valuable of the book, as readers of The Sunday than the missionary sections, being large- School Times, where some of the best ly quotations of varying degrees of auth- sections have previously been published, ority with no attempt to verify refer- will recall. ences, as Princeton students are supposed to do or to have done for them. .Much as we approve of this volume, we must point out some features that The other chapters are uniquely de- are open to criticism. Vhy should the tailed and make the reader see the Holy author almost invariably speak of things Land of China, the Province of Shan- Chinese in depreciatory terms-always tung, in its dire need and its great hope- muddy, squalid, filthy, disgusting; and fulness. ·Missionaries doing deputation of the unevangelized people as unworthy work will find here the sort of in- and evil in all their works and ways, exformation most welcome among the cept in his rhetorical preface? The churches, and with certain desirable writer has seen the work in Shantung variations mentioned below, they may and knows the truth of much that is well follow Dr. Scott's plan. In the chap- here said; yet there is a brighter side, ter on the work in cities, a valuable even when the people are not converts, scheme is set forth, practicable in some that ought also be presented. If 1.-1r. sections of China and well illustrated in Scott were to meet Christian Chinese what the Presbyterians are attempting educated in America, the very class who in Shantung, known as the City Evan- if won are so helpful to missions, he gelization Enterprise. In a Chines('- ,,'o1l1d see resentment on their faces as manned Jesus Doctrine Preaching Hall, costing $5,000 each and to be planted in he presented to the future ministers of a all the strategic cities, will be found the great denomination-and to the reading varied ministrations of an institutional public-this revolting picture of the and indigenous church, when the plan homes and deeds of their non-Christian is fully developed. The author's own countrymen. They would as Christians center ·at the German-built Tsingtao on query some of his proofs of answered Kiaochou Bay is made to be the key of prayer, such as the featured one of pages the entire situation-a wonderfully de- 269-273, though they would add that veloped occidental city. the volume contains abundant proof of the power of prayer that is not question- But it is rural evangelization which most interests O1.r a1.thor and his read- able. They would also deplore his fre-

quent introduction of the Chinese lan- interest; but alas, it was later declared to guage romanized after a system that is be a literary fraud. A man who could applicable only to a local patois pain- manufacture such a book must have refully "wild and woolly." markable gifts even though veracity is not one of them. The present volume Directory of Protestant Missions in by :Mr. Bland may, however, be re- China. 1917. Edited by Charles L. garded as authoritative. The author Boynton. 12mo. 313 pp. Christian has had ample opportunities to know Literature Society, Shanghai. 1917. China in general and Li Hung-Chang in particular. He has written an admir- T HIS directory is prepared for the able biography, one which should be in China Continuation Committee every public library and in the hands and contains very valuable and up-to- of all students of China and of interdate information. In addition to the national affairs. regular features of other volumes it contains an alphabetical index of abbrevi- The Soul of France. By Rev. Ruben ations of names of societies, dates of the Saillens, D.D. 8vo. 274 pp. (55 net). opening of stations, statistics as to each Morgan and Scott, London. 1917. station and explanatory footnotes. M ANY books have been written This volume contains the names and about France but none with such addresses of over 4,000 missionaries and fine appreciation and discrimination as facts about their stations and society, but not thf'ir length of service. This latter this. Dr. Saillens is a Frenchmanwould be a useful addition. born in Lyons i-he is a Protestant and "Li Hung-Chang." By]. O. P. Bland. an earnest Christian worker, but he sees 327 pp. $2.00 net. Henry Holt and the good in Roman Catholics and others Company, New York. 1017. from whom he differs. The picture of France and Frenchmen that he gives us I I HUNG-CHANG was one of is not a passing, superficial glimpse, but ~ the greatest statesmen of the nine- a historical survey and an intimate inteenth century and one of the extraor- ~ight into the true soul life of the nadinary men of history. The late Hon- tion and of individuals. orable John V. Foster, who was thoroughly familiar. with the public men of The book is well written and worth his generation, declared that "Li Hung- reading. It reveals the poverty and Chang was not only the greatest man wealth of French religious life from the the Chinese race has produced in mod- beginning. Dr. Saillens describes the ern times, but, in a combination of early days of the nation, the reformation, qualities, the most unique personality the religious peculiarities of various sects of the past century among all the na- and classes, the spirit of some great tions of the world. The last one hun- writers and leaders; the revolution, the dred years have produced many men of nineteenth century revival, the Second scholarship, several great generals, a Empire and the present war. There are number of statesmen of distinguished strong characters studies of such men as ability and success, and a few diplomats Robert Haldane, Merle d'Aubigne, of high rank; but no one of these can Oberlin, Monod, and others. There are be singled out as having combined in some very striking incidents, especially his person all these attainments in such those relating to soldiers in the present an eminent degree as Li Hung-Chang." war. Intelligent men and women everY'vhere are interested in information about such There are still comparatively few a man. he world was stirred in 1913 Protestants in France-about 600,000by the publication of a volume entitled but they can exert a tremendous influ- "Memoirs of the Viceroy Li Hung- ence on the life of the nation. The work Chang." It was a fascinating volume of spiritual regeneration must come first which we read and re-read with keen after the war. The only hope for France is in Jesus Christ and His Gospel. France needs spiritual resurrection.

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215 pp. $1.25. The Macmillan Com- Charles Scribner's Sons. 1917.

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National Missionary Society of India. Some Modem Problems of the Mission- 4 annas. 1917. ary Enterprise. By J. W. Burton. 61 Burma, A Short History of Its People llP. Laymen's Missionary Movement and Religion. By F. E. Trotman. Il- Melbourne. 1917. ' lustrated. 151 pp. 1s 6d net. S. P. G., Helping the Helpless in Lower New London. 1917. York. By Lucy Seaman Bainbridge. Forty Years in Burma. By John E. 12 mo. $1.00. 172 pp. Fleming H.

Marks. 307 pp. lOs 6d. Hutchinson Revell. 1917.

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~ i $ For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings " i 1. The type of Chinese womanhood is shown by the fact that when three of them were asked by their American hostess what they would like best to ========5 see, did not choose the theatre, or other "sights," but desired. to visit I institutions for the feeble-minded, the deaf and the blind, so that they might take home to China a knowledge of the methods used. (See page ii 909.) :==========_ 2. The great need of Africa is shown by the fact that in one town, not far ====~ from a mission station, twenty wives of one man, all suspected of having caused his death by witchcraft, were buried alive in his grave. (See page =_ _ 891.) 1=_ 3. A hopeful sign in West Africa is that the people recognize the character of iI Jesus as the ideal for Africans as well as for white men. A missionary among them says he is often asked if Jesus was not a blackman. (See page 891.) ~~ 4. The abnormal social and moral conditions among the 10,000 white civilian ~ ~ population of the Canal Zone give especial significance to work of the I~ Union Church, Panama. (See page 905.) 5. Over 3,000 Chinese coolies, now at work for the Allies behind the lines in France, journeyed across the Pacific, through Canada and then across the Atlantic, in the special care of a medical missionary from Foochow.

(See page 944.) !=~ 6. Eye-witnesses in Persia describe the Armenian refugees there as in "the ll! state of oriental street dogs, with whom they compete for offal." One who has seen the dogs of an Eastern city needs nothing Ipore to complete the picture. . (See page 945.) 1_ 7. There is only 0Fne medical hmissbiondary ifnAthehw~ole of Kdhofrasan'ha tAerfrihtory I as large as rance on t e or er a fg amstan, an rom t e g ans =_!§ themselves have come calls for an intinerating doctor. (See page 945.) _ 8. A village community in India, made up of former thieves, now has evening 1= prayers as an established feature of their life. (See page 946.) 9. Special meetings, conducted by a Chinese preacher, have resulted in the ===== ~ the decision of over fifty students in Canton Christian College to enter . =====_1= the Christian life. (See page 948.) 10. Nearly 500,000 women and girls are reported to be employed in factories in Japan. More than half of these are under twenty years of age, and the =~ working day is often from twelve to sixteen hours long. Wages are about fifteen cents a day. (See page 950.) =_==__ 11. More men are said to have volunteered in one day in America for war service than all the men and women who have gone out as missionaries to 5===~ foreign fields in the 'last fourteen years. (See page 951.) 12. The generosity of Christians on the mission field is shown by a Samoan vil- lage church of only thirty-eight members, who gave last year, out of J ~ great poverty, £130 ($650) to the work of the London Missionary So- ciety. (See page 955.) iUUlllIIllIIlIUllllllllllllUllIlIlIIlIIlIIllIIlIIUUUlIlIIlIlIlIlIUlllllllllllllllllllllllUllIlIlIIllIlIlIIlIIH1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIUlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUO "~t~·h liCI( R.,n.-.t:n! a Pro((J,l.lnt II…",,"~. I.·h~ OH''tIOO ..I,lllun ha,"ing in R:.)iJenl.:c .It k.1M nnc :mui{'"an, Eump..:.IIl. ,_y. . .~ 1-'….. h'f'~"" or "hite Smllh :(rll.::10 Mis!o.ionar). "t:",.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. December, 1917 NUHBER TWELVE XL SIGNS OF THB TIMES THE BIRTH-THROES OF RUSSIA I N spite of revolution and counter revolution there is reason to hope that Russia will yet come out of darkness into light, out of bondage into liberty. The nation is in a struggle for life, not only against a powerful and subtle enemy without, but against disintegrating factors and dangerous diseases within. The one hope for Russia is that God is allowing her to struggle in order that the great nation may come to an end of her confidence in political and physical forces and may find her salvation in Him.

Russia is engaged in a fourfold conflict-a battle against the Central Empires of Europe, a political revolution of democracy against autocracy, a social upheaval of the masses emerging from under the aristocracy, and a religious struggle to establish full liberty of belief and worship. Everywhere the old is being replaced by the new. With the millions of Russians uneducated, after years of oppression and misrule, and with no experience in self-government, it is no wonder that Russia is still in the agony of effort to bring a new nation into life.

In the midst of the turmoil, the outlook for Christian progress was never brighter. While the nation may not become Christian, individuals in Russia have an opportunity, such as they have never before known. Not only have Gospels and tracts been distributed broadcast among prisoners in Germany but a Christian work has been established among the nine million Russian soldiers in their training camps and trenches. Five hundred Christian workers have been called for to work in Russia. In addition to the Y. M. C. A., the Methodists and Baptists from America, the Bible and Tract Societies and the missions to Jews are already working in Russia, and other organizations plan to enter the field. The Russian authorities are beginning to realize that in Evan-

gelical Christianity is their greatest hope for stability, intelligence and courage for the Russian troops and people. As old Russia dies there is hope for the resurrection of a new Russia.

The worst and most startling events are usually reported in the newspapers. The undercurrent of progress· is often overlooked. Letters and reports from those who have been or are in the country give a brighter view, especially of the religious oudook. Mr. Robert Feder, of Petrograd, a brother of Pastor William Fetler, writes of encouraging meetings for soldiers and sailors in Finland and many conversions.

The Russian Baptist Union sends out traveling evangelists and is appealing to the Russian Bible Institute, conducted by Pastor Fetler in Philadelphia, to send over more men or to move the Institute to Russia. The Evangelical Christians are giving generously to extend the work of evangelization-the Baptist Church in Petrograd alone giving 2,000 roubles. A Lettish Baptist Congress has appointed a committee and two pastors to help Lettish refugees.

One of the new forms of aggressive Christian work now possible is that of open-air preaching, and evangelicals are taking full advantage of it. It is quite a usual thing now to march through the principal streets of Petrograd singing hymns, waving banners and preaching at any convenient spot. In the gardens also, where people congregate, meetings are ,held, and everywhere the people listen with extraordinary attention. If any disturbance is made by unsympathetic hearers, it is at once quelled by the people themselves, and the preachers are encouraged to proceed.

The meetings are attended by much blessing and conversions are frequent, especially among th~ soldiers. The quietness on the battle front has been utilized by the believing soldiers for energetic preaching. The commanders are not opposed to the work, for they have found that, whatever may be the case with others, "Believing soldiers honorably perform their duty."

Much is being done by the distribution of Gospel literature, and there is the opportunity of increasing this work indefinitely. The magazine called "The Guest," founded by Pastor W. Feder, and now carried on by Pastor N eprash and other helpers in Petrograd, has a wide circulation and is greatly prized. A constant stream of Bibles, Gospels and tracts has also gone out from the publishing office of "The Guest," but, so great is now the demand that it cannot be fully met. The old editions of many works are sold out, and the very high prices for printing make it extremely difficult to issue new editions. The atheistic propaganda, which has sprung up since the revolution, makes it all the more necessary that this good work should be increased. The people are eager to read; they will read anything. Unfortunately, there is a tendency to turn to atheism through seeing they have been misled by their many Russian priests j they have lost every belief in religion. Here is a marvellous opportunity for Christian literature.

OF THE

The Christian work being done will have a steadying and healthful effect upon the life of the nation at this crisis. An appeal to citizens from the IISociety of Christian Students," while showing full sympathy with the political aspirations of the people, presses upon them the need for taking the Christian position.· The appeal throughout is pertinent and forcible, and closes with the statement: "We know that Christ is able to change our life and make us a pure and strong people. Then we must construct our life upon a solid foundation of brotherhood and liberty."

In Moscow, at the beginning of the revolution, when all were occupied with the one matter, how most quickly and surely to consolidate their newly won liberty, a Soldiers' Christian Society was formed with eighteen believing soldiers. They began to hold meetings; procured tracts and books at their own expense; carried on a vigorous aggressive campaign, and succeeded in making a considerable impression among their fellows. They believe that by confining their work to their fellowsoldiers they are preparing for a great harvest of blessing throughout Russia when the war is finished and these soldiers go to their homes in all parts of the land. This opens up a hopeful prospect.

There is, however, danger that the new found liberty will run to license and that in place of turning to God, men and women in Russia will turn from Him. They have been oppressed and misled in the past and many have lost all faith in God. They need Bibles and Christian workers in Russia to stem the tide of infidelity and extend a clearer knowledge of God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

ITALY TODAY AND TOMORROW I N every country the biggest problems are vitally connected with religion, but in some the religious situation is especially critical. This is true of Italy, which is full of cynicism. "Roman Catholicism is on trial. The Church of the Vatican must render a full accounting for its tenure of centuries, and Protestantism is asked to submit a program," says Rev. B. M. Tipple of Rome. This is as important to the future of Italy as are the plans of the Allies to stop the Austro-German drive on the front.

Many new factors have recently entered into the situation. England, a Protestant nation, is the trusted friend of Italy. American relief work and statesmanship have made Protestant America a strong missionary force. The hundred thousand semi-Americanized, semi-Protestantized Italians who have returned from the United States to fight for their native land are exerting an influence among their own people. A million copies of the ScriptUres have also been distributed in the trenches and American Christians have organized great, practical religious centers in European tamps and trenches.

The future Christian program in Italy will be social and practical

and its message will be simple and direct. Christianity will be broadly humanitarian, big in its scope and commanding in its organization. Let us hope that it will also be vital and regenerating.

r A Waldensian chaplain in Italy, who gives his impressions of the great war and its problems in A oice from Italy tells of finding a Roman Catholic chaplain sitting in his small wooden barrack with a New Testa- ment before him, a copy of "Jesus of Nazareth" and "The Christian Religion." "Books so well written and with such a wide outlook are not found in our literature," he said, "and if I am to give my soldiers the nourishment they need I must make large use of your evangelical writers."

The daily bread which this Roman Catholic offers his men consists of good counsel on the march, gentle admonition when under punishment and words of comfort to those who have sad news from home. "In the Sunday sermon," he says, "I do not allow myself to come under the. dominion of any man or system of ideas, however venerable, but seek with all my power to preach only the simple Evangel. I have found that nothing else draws our soldiers so powerfully, and nothing else answers their heart need in the same degree. And when I return to my parish in Tuscany; I shall follow the same method, because these years of war have brought forcibly home to me the fact that the true, spiritual evangel, freed from the distortions and travesties of men, has today the same power as it had twenty centuries ago."

Protestant workers in Italy are preparing for this new day. More churches and better churches are needed with more evangelical preachers and better preachers. A program is required fitted to Italy's needs and with men and women to work it. Schools are called for to educate the young-but they must be Christian schools.

PROGRESS IN THE PHILIPPINES T HE United States took over the Philippine Islands from Spain about seventeen years ago and almost immediately Protestant mis- sionaries entered the newly opened door. Anyone who has visited the islands or has read of the progress made since that time has evidence of the vast difference between the practical results of liberty and of oppression and recognizes the contrast between ignorance and superstition fostered by Rome and the religion of the open Bible' which teaches the people to read and think for themselves.

Twelve years ago the Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands was organized "for the purpose of securing economy, comity and efficiency in the service of God in this archipelago." The territory was apportioned between the several Protestant Christian missions, doing away with overlapping and the waste of effort.

Some of the results of this program and effort are revealed in the

OF THE TIMES

following figures: There are today 160 evangelical missionaries in the islands, and a large number of Filipino native helpers. Over 200 young men are in the mission schools preparing for Christian work. There are six mission schools exclusively for women; four boarding schools for boys; six mission printing plants; and twenty student dormitories. There are now over 75,000 evangelical church members and as many more adherents. There is a Young Men's Christian Association building for Americans; one for Filipinos in Manila, another for Filipino students and a very successful army branch at Fort McKinley. There are two Protestant orphanages, eight hospitals and twenty dispensaries in the islands, operated by the evangelical missions. There are in Manila six evangelical churches for Filipinos, one for Chinese, and four for Americans. The American and the British Foreign Bible Societies distributed over 100,000 Bibles and Testaments last year in the Philippines, printed in twenty languages and dialects-this is in a land where, twenty years ago, it was a crime for Filipinos to own or read a copy of the Bible and where a colporteur was imprisoned and then deported for selling Scriptures.

WINNING MOSLEMS IN INDIA M OST people know of the traditional difficulty of reaching Mos- lems with the Gospel, but comparatively few know of the success that is attending the work today in Africa, India and Malaysia. An interesting report from the Wesleyan Mission in India describes some of the methods used among the sixty million Moslems in that land.

In Lucknow a number of Moslem boys attend the mission high school, where they receive regular Bible teaching. In the street preaching, more Moslems are reached than Hindus. Many Moslem girls and women also hear the Gospel through the schools and Bible women. In the villages, the catechists constantly preach to Moslems and many women and girls are influenced by the mission dispensary.

At Fyzabad and Akbarpur, bazaar preaching is done regularly and a large majority of the hearers are Moslems. In the surrounding villages, the catechists preach to Moslems while the Woman's Association continues a thorough work among Moslem girls and women.

In Benares are more than 60,000 Moslems and many of them are influenced by the daily preaching at Bulanala (preaching hall). Many Bible portions and other Christian books are sold to Moslems and a special lantern lecture is frequently delivered showing extracts from the Koran, and photographs of Bible manuscript.

For many years the missionaries and their Indian colleagues have proclaimed the Gospel to the Moslems and some converts have been won. One, a Haji, is now a catechist in the Akbarpur circuit. Another is receiving instruction at the theological institution at Benares. A third, who attended a missionary's Bible class in Bengal, is now a Christian

preacher in Bengal. It is certain that women in Moslem zenanas have accepted Christ, though they have been unable to obtain baptism.

Rev. C. P. Cape, a missionary in India writes: "I am more than ever convinced that India is at present the strategic point to reach the Mohammedan world. I have worked for twenty-eight years, partly among Mohammedans, and I have never seen such a change in any community as in the Mohammedans during the past two years or so. They come in crowds to purchase books, Gospels and the Psalms, especially, and come with good questions-not the old routine questions of twenty years ago. Prayer is behind this great change. By humbly seeking the guidance of the Spirit of God we are taught how to approach the Mussulman. We are far more successful when we speak to him as a sinner than as a Mohan'medan. If we can touch the sinner, the Mohammedan has to give way. The Moslem needs the only sinless prophet of Islamour Lord Jesus Christ. How shall a young Moslem cleanse his way? He must have the help of the living Lord. In India he worships the saints and their tombs, because Allah seems to be very far away. The Moslem needs Christ as a Saviour, if he would rise to the level of God's purpose for him. The Power of Islam is not equal to that demand, but as Christians, we have the secret of the Power that will save Mohammedans.' , A MISSION TO MOSLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA T HE growth of Mohammedanism in South Africa has already been noted in the REVIEW. Intermarriage of Christian women with Moslems is one of the chief methods of the propaganda. The situation is peculiar in that among the Moslems here the women are not secluded, public opinion is favorable to Mohammedans Christian children are legally adopted by Moslems.

The Rev. S. Garabidian, formerly a missionary in India, has been working for Moslems in Cape Town for five years under the auspices of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; as a result many former Christians have been reclaimed. Women workers in the mission are especially needed to look after women and girls in each Mohammedan center. Four or five hundred men and women have been rescued from Islam, including some Indian and Malay Mohammedans. The Christian Church must occupy adequately the outposts of civilization before they are captured by the forces of Islam.

COMMlBNT

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SHALL WE CURTAIL MISSIONARY GIFTS IN 'VARTIME?

SELDOM has there been a time when there were so great and so many demands for money and for men as there are today. The pressure toward secularization of giving and effort is unprecedented during this world war. The attention of the members of the Church of Christ is turned to the battle field. The war and preparations for war fill our secular and religious press and tens of thousands of church members are either at the front or are preparing to go. Death and destruction fill the public mind. Vas there ever a time when the church more urgently needed a field for action beyond the line of physical and temporal warfare-a call to service and sacrifice based upon the highest Christian principles and the most unselfish devotion?

N ever in history has there been a time when the African and Asiatic races so needed the impact of pure Christianity. They, too, live in an atmosphere of war. They have been distracted, and are still, with the spectacle of so-called Christian nations in mortal combat. They have found it difficult, and even impossible, to interpret the history of the present hour in the battle fields of Europe in accordance with what they know of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. They are ready to listen to one who can interpret the true meaning of the Gospel as it applies to the life of the individual of society and the nation. They see the breaking down of civilizations which they were coming to consider supreme and need to build their confidence and their institutions on firmer foundations.

Furthermore, the forces of evil and sin are unusually active at the present time. Not only are there temptations to doubt and infidelity and materialism, but new and startling allurements to evil thrust themselves upon men with unprecedented force. The only remedy, the only power by which these temptations can be overcome, is the pure and saving Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. All men-white and black, brown and yellow -need the same panacea and the only way in which those in other lands are reached is through the missionary agencies of the Christian Church. These agencies have established and conduct institutions in every land that stand for the purity and power of Christ. Through these agencies perishing men may be reached and reached now.

Again, we see in India, China, Japan and Africa, lands that contain more than one-half of the world's population, a general movement toward democracy. This spirit of democracy is selfish, and filled with unholy ambition. It is without a sense of responsibility for other nations and is often unjust, unrighteous and un-Christian. Such a spirit would be

a menace, not only to itself but to America and England and to the world. It seems inevitable that these democracies shall increase in influence and power. Here is an imperative call to the Church of Christ to see that these nations are permeated with the spirit of Christ. It is a question whether their purpose shall be supremely selfish, or shall be dominated by a spirit of service to the world; whether they shall attempt to exact from the world by force that which gratifies their own unholy ambition, or shall give to the world that which they can give to benefit mankind. The great missionary movement must be supported more generously than ever before, in order to bring the impact of Christ upon the nations. This can be done only by unusual devotion and self-sacrifice of the men and women of the churches at home. The preservation of world peace and the continuation of the spirit of fraternal co-operation depend in a large measure upon the way in which Christians mobilize all available spiritual forces and bring them to bear upon the problems of Asia and Africa, of Latin America as well as of Europe and North America.

Moreover this time of disintegration is also a time to prepare for reconstruction. The forces and agencies that prove themselves most vital now are the forces and agencies that will be recognized as supreme in the period that follows the war. Physical force, human organization and mental acumen are being tested and are found wanting. Tt is for Christians to prove the supreme power of Christ and His principles. Finally, there was never a time when the missionary forces were in more need of strengthening. The staff in almost every field is depleted by death, by the withdrawal of German missionaries, by the assignment of men and women to duty with military forces. The increased cost of living, the dangers of travel, the difficulty of securing supplies, the political unrest in many lands, and the increased cost of exchange in foreign lands all make it imperative that, if the Church of Christ is to prove a worthy steward of the Grace of God, Christians must devote themselves with unprecedented earnestness to prayer and service; and must give their money more lavishly, not only to war causes but to the spiritual work of missions.

THE CHURCH AND THE CONFLICT E VERY patriot is thinking, talking, living for the great conflict that is shaking the world to its foundations. Churches are taking an unprecedented interest in soldiers and sailors. Their life in camp and trench is made as vivid as possible in literature, sermons and pictures; their needs and sacrifices and achievements are kept before us. Pastors stir their people to save on food, fuel and clothing for the soldiers, to work for them, pray for them, send gifts to them, buy liberty bonds for them, train as nurses, ambulance drivers. or for the Home Defence Guard to help the cause; to give largely for Red Cross and Christian

COMMENT

Association work that those at the front may not suffer unnecessarily, but that sacrifice may be shared by all and that the victory may come more speedily. The churches are loaning their pastors as chaplains while they pay for substitutes; they open their buildings for Red Cross work and for visiting soldiers and sailors; service flags and honor rolls are displayed prominently and letters are read from absent ones in training camps or trenches. Prayer meetings take on a new earnestness and power as those at home enter into fellowship with the dangers that threaten those abroad. Every true man and woman is seeking to do his or her "bit"-is asking; "WThat can I do to help ?" Things, that seemed impossible in the way ·of service rendered, and in sacrifices made, are now taken as a matter of course. And men are better for it, of course. Their eyes have a new brightness and their step a new elasticity, their prayers a new fervor and their whole life a new purpose and power.

Here are some of the ways suggested in which churches encourage and co-operate with the soldiers;- WHAT CAN THE CHURCH DO?

1. Keep an honor roll of those in service-post conspicuously. Inspire all to loyalty. Encourage enlistment of volunteers.

2. Appoint good correspondents to keep them in touch with the church at home.

I. Send calendars, books, local papers and Christmas gifts to those in service. ,. Give the pastor leave of absence to visit the camps. 5. Keep the Y. M. C. A. secretaries infonned of the men from your church. G. Save on food, fuel and luxuries. Raise a war fund to help in this great conflict. 7. Read from the pulpit the letters from those at the front. S. Hold prayer meetings for them and remember special needs and individ- uals by name. S. Welcome all those who serve the flag-especially those who represent you. 10. Remember that you are partners in a great Gause and that your respon- sibility is as real as of those at ~e front. You will then share· in the victory.

If every church and every Christian would earnestly follow out these suggestions what fellowship and unity it would engender, what power would be felt both at home and abroad!

There is a parable here. The Church has another conflict on hand -still greater than that in Europe and one that is for even greater ends -the extension of the spiritual and eternal Kingdom of God. How many pastors and how many Christians stand ashamed because of their lack of interest and co-operation in the great Christian campaign, when they consider what they are willing to do for a cause in which they are

really interested and for which they are ready to sacrifice. How many missionaries-soldiers of the Cross-have left the home church with great hopes and have seen these hopes die because they have been left by the church to serve alone. Read over the list of "What a Church Can Do" and see in how many of these ways you and your church are whole-heartedly sharing the burden and heat of the day with the missionaries on the firing line of Christendom.

CONSTRUCTIVE WARFARE A WFUL as is the destruction-often wanton and useless destruc- tion-caused by war, there are at the same time constructive fea- tures in such a conflict. Foundations-political, ethical, social and spiritual-are shaken and while some strllctures fall, many more find themselves resting more firmly on solid rock. Science, both for destruc- tive and constructive service, always advances in wartime. Medical and surgical skill is developed to a high degree to protect the armies from dis- ease, and to counteract the effect of bullets, shells and bayonets. Roads and railroads are constructed for military purposes that have been neglected in times of peace. For instance, a British railroad now connects Egypt with Palestine and has been brought across the desert to within forty miles of Jerusalem. After the war, travelers will be able to make this journey in a few hours, whereas it formerly took days. Classes and parties who were formerly at enmity or misunderstood each other are united in a common cause. Organized work advances in efficiency to conserve food supplies, to manufacture munitions, to raise money and to direct a united campaign.

Christian forces are also uniting in moral and spiritual constructive work, more than ever was thought possible in times of peace. Under the auspices of the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Disciples, Methodist, Presbyterian and Reformed clergymen and laymen are uniting to help the soldiers and sailors. They conduct services, do personal work, teach Bible classes and unite in reform movements, generally, without denominational bias. They seek to exalt Christ and save men, and'so to build up the Church without regard to the churches of a particular sect. When the foundations are well and truly laid on the Rock, Christ Jesus, this is constructive work of the first magnitude. One result of the war may be the breaking down of denominational barriers as well as of political and social distinctions. It is well to recognize no distinctions that Christ Himself does not set up, but at the same time it would be disastrous to build on the sand of human ethics and personal righteousness. These are the superstructures which stand or fall as they conform to the divine standards and are built on the Son of God and His righteousness, the only Foundations that stand sure for time and eternity.

NEED OF EDUCATION IN THE ARTS OF

.A group of warriors in Afri(:a The Dark Side of the Dark Continent The Men~al and Moral Degradation of Feti~hism BY THE REV. ROBERT H. MILLIGAN, TACOMA, WASHINGTON The atlthor of this article 'Was for some years a missionary in West Africa. He has given a vivid picture of his experiences and observations in two volumes-"Fetish Folk of West Africa," and "The Jungle Folk of Africa."-EDITOR.

T HE African lives in a world of confusion and disorder; a world of magic, running at random and haphazard; where the stone that falls downward today may fall upward tomorrow; where birds may wear foliage for feathers and animals moralize as men. One gges toa wedding, and it turns out that the groom is a leopard in the form of a man, who, in the midst of the ceremony, carries off the bride. One goes to a funeral and the corpse sits up and talks, or breaks loose and

runs away. This is the world in which the African lives; a world in which there is no law, and things happen without a cause.

The mental degradation of the African is often overlooked through the deeper regard for his moral degradation. Therefore it is my pur- pose to depict, first the mental degradation, and over against it to sug- gest the new and transforming conception of God and the world which the Christian religion conveys to the African mind.

Carlyle has said: "What notion each forms of the universe is the all-regulating fact with regard to him." There are two !lntithetical con- ceptions of nature-that of the unsophisticated child-man, like the Afri- can, and that of the ultra-sophisticated product of civilization, such as Herbert Spencer. According to the former, all is Will and there is no law; according to the latter, all is law and there is no Will. The Chris- tian conception is the synthesis of these two. Nature is the product of a single Mind, and its laws the operation of an immanent Will. As Browning expresses it: "All's love, yet all's law."

Looking out upon nature the child-mind of the African discovers no reign of law. Since will is the cause that he knows by experience, he instinctively attributes natural phenomena to a personal will; not to one will, however, but to many, according to the infinite variety in natural phenomena.

To this chaotic conception of. nature we must add another idea of fearful import. It is only to the reflecting mind that nature seems benef- icent. Her greatest forces, her constant ministry, are not obvious. A man thinks more of one month of sickness than eleven months of health j he is more observ:ant of the storm than of sunshine, more conscious of adversity than prosperity. The laws of health-for instance, the tend- ency of the cut finger to heal and the broken bone to knit; the laws of growth, the ministry of nature's fertility-all nature's kindness is unob- trusive, while her cruelty arrests the attention because it is her unaccus- tomed mood. The African derives his conception of nature from the devastating tornado, from the scarcity of meat and the hard work neces- sary to procure his food, from sickness that disables him, and death that bereaves him of his friends. It is, therefore, a part of his philosophy that the myriad spirits that rule nature and reside within it are evil and are at enmity with him. They may be placated, and even rendered favor- able, but a far greater number are hostile; and the motive of his worship is not devotion, but fear. He worships the spirits of his ancestors that he may obtain their help against all other spirits. .

If then we would understand the African we must bear in mind his conception that, since innumerable warring spirits preside over nature, therefore uniformity and constancy are not to be expected. The rain- bow, he says, is a serpent, which has the power of making itself visible or invisible at will. If a mountain disappear behind the clouds he be- lieves that a spirit who inhabits the mountain has removed it and brings

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

it back when the sun shines. At the utterance of a magic word a ship may sink, a house may fall, a man be reduced to physical and mental im- potence.

When Du Chaillu visited a certain town in which the people had never before seen a white man, they regarded him as a spi.rit, and de- clared that a great rock near the town had been moved by him. But when smallpox broke out in their midst and followed Du Chaillu with the persistency of fate, they did not doubt that he had caused it and made no effort to protect themselves against contagion. They regarded him with increasing fear and hostility until at last he and his party fled from the natives who pursued him with poisoned arrows. But they soon de- sisted from the pursuit; for, they declared, their arrows rebounded harm- less from his body, and sometimes even passed through him and did him no injury.

Nevertheless, the native is no fool. He is true to his philosophy of nature; but his philosophy is wrong. He knows nothing of the doctrine of one divine Intelligence presiding over all nature, whose laws are constant and uniform.

The very axioms of the African's belief obliterate the line between nature . and the super- natural, and habitual lying makes the character of truth vague and uncertain. He has an imagination as vivid as reality; we may under- stand something of the degraded mental condition by such character- istic incidents as the following: A man dying in the hospital at Gaboon turns his solemn, beauti- A TYPE OF CONGO NATIVE ful eyes towards one who sits be- Note the tribal marks on the face, made with side him, and tells in confidence a knife raising the skin what has brought about his death.

It is strange how approaching death, as if to testify to man's divine origin in the hour of his most appalling defeat, dignifies the countenance of the . lowest with a mysterious dignity that transcends all differences of color and races.. This dying man relates that some weeks past, having gone on a journey, and during the night having wondered what his friends at home might be doing, he thought he would visit Gaboon, leaving his body while his spirit alone traveled through the air. But on the way he met a company of spirits making a similar journey, one of whom was an enemy,

who, recognizing him, gave him a fatal thrust in the side. He quickly returned to his body; but in the morning he felt the weakness resulting from the fatal stroke, and from that day had grown weaker and weaker, until death was now upon him.

A certain man, evidently without the slightest intention of untruth- fulness, tells how journeying one day in the forest he had met two strange men who, by fetish power, had thrown him to the ground, had opened his body, and removing his intestines, had stuffed him with dry grass instead, which would have injured him for life, butthat a doctor o( his own tribe found him, reopened him, removed the hay and put real intestines in its place. I knew a man in Gaboon of whom the whole community believed that he frequently changed himself into a leopard, in order to steal sheep or to avenge himself upon his enemies. This particular man denied that he had any such power. But sometimes men confess or claim that they themselves possess it; and in some cases they seem to believe it. It was in a village near Gaboon that a broken-hearted chief once told Du Chaillu that his son, who had been his joy and hope, had been accused of killing two men of the town by turning into a leopard. The old man at first passionately defended his son. But to his horror the son, stepping forward, confessed the charge, and that he had indeed transformed himself into a leopard and killed the two men-he did not know why. With the chief's consent the son was burned to death over a slow fire. And the sight of that horrible death was ever in the old man's eyes.

A man walking in the forest usually carries suspended from his neck a medicine, contained in a goat's horn, the effect of which is to make him invisible to an enemy, even if he should meet him in the path. * Another fetish, somewhat similar, will turn the bullets of an enemy's guns into water-if the enemy should see him and shoot at him. And he may carry still another fetish which, if danger overtake him, will whistle in his town, however far away, and summon his friends to his help. It is obvious that several of these fetishes are superfluous if the others are to be relied upon. The native therefore does not fully trust his fetishes. And besides, there is always the fear that some enemy may have a stronger fetish than his own.

More important than these are his witch-medicines, which hang in his house to protect him against witchcraft in the night. One of these builds an invisible fire around him while he sleeps-invisible to all but witches-and through that fire no witch can pass. Another accomplishes the same purpose by changing his flimsy bamboo hut into a house of solid stone with thick walls and having neither doors nor windows. It looks like the same bamboo hut, and he can still see through the cracks, but in reality it is a house of solid stone. If he were cultivated he would probably affirm that this miracle of transubstantiation takes place not in the accidents but in the essence of the bamboo.

• The word "medicine" and the word "fetish" are interchangeable, being translations of the same native word. It is the living spirit in a medicine that effects the result.

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

But the most powerful and most sacred of all his fetishes is the ancestral relic, possessed by every grown man. It is the skull of the father or other ancestral relation. Here fetishism becomes ancestorworship. The skull is the residence of the dead father, and if it be treated well, that is, kept in a warm and dry place, the father will confer almost every kind of favor. His other fetishes are compelled to obey him. If they occasionally become rebellious he will pU'.1ish them-often by hanging them in smoke. Most fetishes have a horror of smoke . But the ancestral fetish he never punishes. Indeed, if he, neglect it the ancestor may punish him. Many a hunter's gun has refused to fire just at the critical moment because of such neglect.

THE AFRICAN'S KNOWLEDGE OF GOD The African speaks of a God, who made all things. But he con- ceives of God as a very big African chief with a great many wives.

Some of their fables in which God figures are not repeatable. He re- gards men and women with con- tempt, and as a rule ignores them.

They, therefore, regard Him with neither love nor fear, and they do A FETISH WORSHIPPED IN WEST AFRICA not worship Him. ..

The task of the missionary is, first of all, to make known God's character, and thento inject the idea of God into nature. He does both by presenting Jesus Christ. The African gets an entirely new conception of God when he looks into the face of Christ and hears Him say: "Who- soever hath seen me hath seen the Father." His first lesson on nature he also learns from Jesus. Jesus stills the storm on Galilee, and the value of the miracle for the African, and for us, is not the wonder of it, but the lesson that the Father is present in all storms and always rules the sea and the wind, which are not under the control of demons. Jesus heals the leper, and we learn God's power over all disease, and that a loving Will afflicts and heals. He raises Lazarus from the dead, and reveals that even death is never in the hands of a malignant foe, but under the control of a sympathetic power. The thought of the African is com- pletely r'eversed by this revelation of God. Nature is not the result of myriad spirits hostile to himself, but the product of one single Mind, and its laws the expression of a constant and loving Will. It is as if the forked lightning at which he trembles in the darkness should flash upon the storm-cloud the word Father-transforming fear into faith.

A certain native named Toko, of the Mpongwe tribe of Gaboon, who had been for some years a Christian, went back into the interior among the Fang, preaching the Gospel. The Fang were notorious robbers, who, at every opportunity, plundered the cargo of traders as it passed in boats up and down the river. One day while Taka was preaching some one interrupting him said: "I don't believe that God is good, as you say. If so, why did He make this river so crooked that in order to reach the coast we have to travel nearly twice the straight distance?"

"My friend," replied Toko, "God knew that you wicked Fang were going to live along this river, and that you would plunder passing boats; and He made the river crooked so that you can't see the boat coming until it is so near that you have not time to get out to it before it is past."

Whatever we may think of the teleology, observe the underlying attitude toward nature, and the radical change of view it implies. God is over nature, which is therefore under law, is sympathetic towards man, and working on the side of righteousness-a view that dooms fetishism and witchcraft.

After a few years of persistent work and patient waiting, I saw scores and scores of such people mentally and morally transformed; and more marvelous was the result from such a beginning. It is truly astonishing how the African mind, despite its crude materialism and its degradation, grasps ultimately the spirituality of God and the spiritual nature of true worship. Let one instance suffice for illustration: The women of West Africa, in preparing their food (the cassava, called also "manioc") bury it in the ground beside a stream for several days. A fellow missionary, one day examining an old woman who presented herself for baptism, and careful lest she might regard the water of baptism as a fetish, asked her a question regarding its significance, to which she replied: "When I bury my food in the ground I mark the place. What use would the mark be if there were no food there? Baptism is but the mark: God dwells in the heart."

THE MORAL DEGRADATION IN AFRICA Alum, forty miles from the coast, was one of the largest towns on the Gaboon, and was the dividing line between the people of the coast, who had long been in contact with civilization, and the wholly uncivilized people of the interior. The venerable chief of Alum boasted the ra're distinction of a beard. He wore it in a single tight braid, tied at the end with a string as venerable as the beard itself. At my departure he came forward and assured me of his good will by solemnly taking my hand in his and spitting in it. The theory of this beautiful custom is that the native means only to blow with his breath, symbolic of imparting a blessing, and that the spitting is incidental, a "by-product"-so to speak -of the blessing.

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

That night, as we lay at anchor in the middle of the swift-rolling river, with the moonshine lying in silver ringlets across its surface, the boat-boys asked old Sonia to tell them a story. Sonia was a white-haired old man with the heart of a child. He had as many stories as Uncle Remus, of whom he often reminded me; but his best stories were the incidents and adventures of his own life. When a young man he had lived as a trader at this Fang town, Alum, opposite which we were anchored. He told us about a bat- r=~' =..-=~~"""'=""'–=;"""""__;;;;;;;;;;,, tle he had witnessed, which was fought upon the river at this very place where we lay; a battle between Alum and another town which then stood on the .opposite bank, but of which nothing now remained.

Alum was already old at the time of the war, but the other town was new, the people having come re- cently from the far interior, being driven forward by the hostility of more powerful clans behind. There was no quarrel between the towns; but the people of Alum thought it would be good policy, and extreme- ly virtuous, to practise bravery by making war upon their new neigh- bors at the very beginning, while they still had them at considerable disadvantage in the matter of num- bers.

First, I believe, they stole a woman. Then followed a guerrilla warfare, in which each side killed as they had opportunity, waylaying individuals, or rushing from am- A DEGRADING INFLUENCE bush upon a party of venturesome A native dancing woman in full t1ndr ess stragglers. In this way a number were killed on each side; and the war, which was first undertaken without any serious motive, was soon prosecuted with feelings of deadly hate and a purpose of revenge. Every night, from each town, the wail of mourning for the dead was wafted across the river and curses were mingled with the mourning.

At length one canoe attacked another in the river, where they had been fishing. Immediately, other canoes came to their help and still others, ever so many of them, pushing off rapidly from each side until all the men of the two towns, young and old, were in the middle of the river, where they fought to a finish. When fighting in canoes, whatever

other weapons they may have, they carry a small battle-ax, which is used especially to prevent the capsizing of the canoe by those who are already in the water. Sonia told how, again and again, they severed a man's hand at a blow, or completely disabled him. They swim so well that they could still make a strong fight after being capsized. The battle was long, and the river ran red with their blood. Those who were killed were carried by the curr~nt out to the sea to feed the,sharks.

The people of the new town lost. Those of them who were left pulled down their town and moved to another place. In- a few years nothing remained of it but one or two skeletons with the grass growing through their ribs. But for years afterwards the superstitious native, passing along the river in the dead of night, heard again the noise of battle-fierce cries and dying groans. And whenever this sound is heard, they say, again the river runs ted like blood.

One incident of the war, prior to the final battle, I recall, as Sonia told it that night.

The people of Alum captured a man of the other side and his son, a little boy. They bound the father, and before his eyes deliberately killed his son-and ate his flesh. The main motive of cannibalism, under such circumstances, would be neither wanton cruelty nor a vicious appetite, but fetishism. By eating one of their number they render the enemy powerless to do them any further injury. Some time afterwards they slew the father. But already they had broken his heart, and with hands uplifted he welcomed the death-blow.

The whole story, with its inhuman cruelty, was the more impressive because of the striking contrast of Sonia's own character. The emotion with which he told it indicated how his heart had been wrung. He said not a word about any effort of his to dissuade the people from their wickedness, but I knew him well, and I was confident that the part he had taken was not unheroic. Sonia was one of the first, and one of the best, of the native Christians.

Yet the African is not wantonly cruel. He is by nature affectionate. But he is the victim of a false iqeal. He exaggerates the virtue of courage. Courage is identified with manhood, and all other virtues recede in the perspective of character except as they support courage. I repeat that the African is by nature affectionate, but he is disposed to regard his affection as weakness, and certainly not necessary to manhood. According to this ideal of courage, woman,-who in all lands represents the gentler virtues, devotion, compassion, patience,-woman is contemptible. And thus relegated to a place of inferiority and contempt, woman sinks to a lower level of degradation than man. Unmitigated cruelty is the characteristic of the men; revolting licentiousness, the characteristic of the women. Both are victims of a false ideal and the lack of a moral standard.

Character is further demoralized by three factors, that one may

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK

mention. First: Since man has no noble origin, no divine kinship, he has no inherent dignity that would distinguish him essentially from other animals.

Second: Since his religious belief and worship are predominated by fear-the fear of hostile spirits, and the fear that any or every man around him may have a stronger fetish than his own-the conse- quent attitude of man toward man is distrust.

Third: His destiny is not hopeful or ennobling; death is an evil, and the future life is as bad as this life, or worse.

Their licentiousness is not to be described, but I would speak of their cruelty. Having so Iowan estimate of human nature, human life is cheap. In those tribes that are beyond the immediate re- straints of the foreign governments, it is said that nineteen out of twenty persons die by violence. This ac- counts for the surprisingly sparse population of Africa.

Many of this number are killed in war, which is a chronic condition. Most wars begin with the stealing of a woman by a man of another tribe or village. As a rule the women aL"e glad to be stolen. One woman whom I knew gave as a reason for such an elope- ment, that her husband was so homely she could not live with him.

Not long before I left Africa, dur- ing a certain war which began with the stealing of a woman, after many persons had been killed, a ANOTHER CAUSE OF DARKNESS young man named Minkoa, a bright An African witch doctor young fellow, manly and hopeful, was out in the forest hunting, when he was suddenly. shot by one of a party who were hiding along the path. Minkoa's sister was married to the very man who shot him, and they had been intimate friends and had visited much together, but the man did not know that it was Minkoa when he fired the shot in the dark forest. Having wounded him, and

seeing him fall to the ground, he sprang forward to complete the work, and in that moment recognized his friend and brother, Minkoa. With a cry of grief he fell beside the wounded man and with his own body would have saved him from further injury, but the rest of his party having come up, they flung him aside with a curse, and standing over Minkoa, fairly riddled his body with bullets. Compassion, or affection, under such circumstances, is a weakness and must be suppressed as incompatible with real manliness.

But it is supposed that at least as many Africans are put to death· for witchcraft as are killed in war. The African seems hardly to conceive that there is any such thing as a natural death. Even if a man is killed in war some one may be charged with having bewitched him. For, without doubt, he wore a fetish for safety, but a witch had broken the spell of the fetish. It is dreadfully significant that his wives are the first to be charged with his death. Except in the immediate vicinity of the foreign governments, wives convicted of witchcraft are usually buried alive with the dead body of the husband. In one town that I knew, not far from the present Elat, twenty women, wives of one man, having been charged with his death, were thus buried alive with his body. An enormous grave is dug, and the body placed in the middle. The women's legs are broken and they are thrown into the grave, while drums are beaten furiously to drown their cries.

The African belief regarding death is demoralizing. The universal human shrinking from the dead, with them, becomes terror, and takes the form of a belief that the dead will do them harm, even their own relations. Therefore, while some are wailing the mourning dirge to appease the dead, others sometimes beat drums and shout and curse, that the dead one may be afraid to return. In certain tribes of the interior, conceiving that the spirit still has some connection with the body, they seek to disable it by burning the body, or by beating it with clubs and breaking the bones. Death is an unmitigated evil, and the dead are always wishing to be back in the flesh.

There is no doubt, however, that despite his cruelties, and beneath all his degradation, the African has a truly moral nature. The universal practice of the ordeal is evidence that he is essentially moral j though at first sight it would seem rather to indicate moral imbecility. Sometimes a hen is set on eggs and the accused person is adjudged guilty or innocent according as the greater number of chickens hatched are male or female. This is a mode of trial for less serious offences. More commonly in case of witchcraft a mild poison is administered to the accused in a drink. Sometimes it only produces vomiting and does him no harm. But if he is seized with vert!go and staggers, he is adjudged guilty. The notorious Calabar bean is widely used as an ordeal poison. Frequently both the accused and the accuser ar~ compelled to submit to the ordeal. In at least one African tribe, when one person charges another with certain

DARK SIDE OF THE DARK CONTINENT

serious offenses they are both (accused and accuser) tied to stakes some distance apart, on the brink of the river in the neighborhood of crocodiles, and whichever of the two is seized first is adjudged guilty. The other is then set free. The ordeal, therefore, is a form of judicial trial in which supernatural aid is relied upon to take the place of evidence and to determine guilt or innocence. And what does it imply? It implies an irrepressible instinct that wrong-doing deserves punishment, and that somewhere at the heart of the universe there is a moral power that connects guilt and retribution. So the African, knowing of no A CROWD OF AFRICANS WAITING FOR THE GOSPEL righteous God to execute justice, attributes wrath to the dumb forces of nature; these, he conceives, are in league against the wrong-doer and will execute vengeance.

And even more clearly does the African prove his moral nature by the ceremonies which he ha,s instituted for the relief of a sense of guilt. Blood is often used in these ceremonies; the fresh blood of fowls, or of sheep or goats. The people are seated on the ground, and the priest passing along pours the blood over their heads and shoulders. To most of them it is a mere ceremonial and removes the curse without reference to the heart. Such a scene often recalled the observation of George Adam Smith, that the essence of heathenism is not idolatry but ritualism. M any of them shrink from the blood, lowering their heads to keep it off their faces. But I recall an occasion when one poor woman, having confessed that she had killed her slave in anger and that she had since known no peace, welcomed the blood with eager upturned face and

eyes of infinite longing, in the spirit of that disciple who said: "Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head."

But in nothing else does the African reveal his essentially moral nature more than in his immediate recognition and acceptance of the character of Jesus as the human ideal, although it is an ideal that traverses all his former conceptions, that antagonizes his dearest social customs and condemns that conduct which has been his very boast. Jesus is so immediately understood by the African that we are often asked whether Jesus was a black man. He recognizes the character of Jesus as the authoritative standard, even while he refuses to conform to it; and its authority is based wholly on his perception of its intrinsic superiority. He finds in Jesus the complete definition of his own con- sCience.

CHRIST, THE LIGHT OF THE AFRICAN To this all but hopeless ruin of humanity Christ imparts a new con- ception of man, destined soon to become a governing principle and to create a new society; a new conception, first, of the dignity of man's nature, derived from his kinship with God; second, of the possibilities of his character, revealed in the character of Jesus himself; third. of the greatness of his destiny can only be described in the extreme language of rhapsody. It is not wonderful that this new conception of man should be morally transforming; that, for instance, it should impress even the African mind with the sanctity of human life.

Cannibalism disappears as soon as the Gospel becomes intelligible; and long before they accept it as individuals. A war arose between two villages on the Gaboon, in a community where the missionary had preached not more than a year, for the people had recently come from the far interior, where cannibalism was commonly practiced in war and was their boast. The town making the attack came on a very dark night, intending to set fire to the other town; which only required that the blaze be started in one place, the houses being so close that all must burn together. They were led by two young men whom I knew. While the rest of the party were hiding, these two, going forward, saturated the thatch roof of the first house with ke];'osene, and were striking a match, when the noise was heard by the man inside. He quietly arose, moving stealthily as a cat, opened the door, and discovered the two young men standing a few yards in front of him. He took deliberate aim and fired twice. One man fell dead instantly; the other, frightfully wounded, reached his friends, who put him in a canoe and took him back to his town, where he died a few days later. I have said that one of the two fell in the street. A few years before, they would eagerly have devoured thtf body, both as a feast, and as a fetish protection against the enemy. For cannibalism is a part of fetishism. The fetish belief still remained strong as ever, but they revolted from the practice; and having cut the body in pieces and boiled it, they smeared the grease upon their foreheads and breasts, hoping that it would thus avail for their protection. But they did not taste it. In former times they would boast of eating an enemy; now, these same people are ashamed to confess it, and it is the most offensive charge that one town can make against another. Surely it is ideas, and not bullets, that rule the world. Cannibalism is being abolished, even as slavery has been abolished, and as war (we hope) will soon be abolished, at the instance of the same idea -the Christian estimate of the worth of a man.

A service among such people, who had not learned the etiquette of Christian worship, was seldom lacking in elements of sensationalism, or even in occurrences that were slightly shocking. In the middle of the sermon, a chief interrupting, says: "Vhite man, won't you please stop preaching and sing again? and won't you dance with your singing? I don't like singing without dancing, and I don't like preaching at all." . But if ever I am tempted to yield to discouragement I think of such Christians as Sonia, and marvel at the results of a few years. Or, I think of Lucina, an Mpongwe woman. Lucina's husband, preferring a dissolute life of drunkenness and polygamy, left her with five young children, and very poor. But when he accepted a dowry for their daughter and sent a portion of it to Lucina, she sent it back to him say- ing that 'if he had sold their daughter for a price, her conscience would not allow her to share it with him. I think of Ntyango, also an Mpongw~-of his Christlike gentle- ness, and his solicitude for those who had not heard the Gospel. NtyaWgo died about the time I went to Gaboon, and was buried in the mission graveyard. Some years afterwards the workmen were cutting grass in the graveyard. Among them was a Fang man of the interior named Biyoga, whom Ntyango had taught to read when he was a small boy. As Biyoga was cutting grass and occasionally spelling out the names on the tombstones he found Ntyango's name on one of them. Sacred memories stirred the heart of the wild Fang. The next day he came to me and told me that since the days, long ago, when he had known Ntyango he had never met another man like him. All the time since finding his name and while working beside his grave he had been thinking of him, recalling his kindness to the Fang, especially to the children, and his Christian teaching, and now he wished only to be the kind of man that Ntyango was.

Throughout the length and breadth of darkest Africa there are such men and such women-an ever-increasing multitude-who are daily offering the same prayer as Christians in all other lands: "Thy kingdom come!" And it has the same meaning to all. It is a prayer that the spirit of Christ-the spirit of love and self-sacrifice, the spirit of Calvary-may become infinitely dominant in the hearts of men..

A VIEW OJ:II THE 'pANAMA CANAL ZONE AT

The result of the United States Government physical sanitation and construction

on "·The Zone"

The Spiritual Needs in a Government Monopoly BY REV. SIDNEY S.·CONGER, BALBOA, PANAMA Some conception of the moral and spiritual needs of the Panama Canal Zone is given here by the pastor of the Ame,·iean Church. Christians of America {lre responsible for giving the Gospel to this isthmus.-EDl'IoR.

T HE Panama Canal Zan.e, or, as its inhabitants universally call it, "The Zone," is scarcely less remarkable as a community than it is geographically. It is technically a part of the Republic of Panama, yet there is no part of the United States,. not even the District of Columbia, which so completely belongs to our Federal Government as does "the Zone" j for every square foot of its land is held in title by the United States government, and no other title can be acquired by any individual or corporation.

It is a community of persons under one employment-that of the United States. The Navy, the Army, the Panama Canal, the Panama Railroad, all these are but departments of Uncle Sam's business. Furthermore, it is a community with but one concern: the great watery highway along whose banks it extends, from ocean to ocean. The soldier and the naval sailor are there to protect it. The officials and the clerical staff are there to administer it, to collect its dues, to pay its bills. The pilots, the railroad'men, the machinists, the operators of the great coaling plants and dry docks, the ship-fitte!"s, the boiler makers, the many other mechanics, ate there to care' for the vessels that use it; and the men of the locks and of the dredging division are there to keep it open. And the men of the municipal division, the building division, and the Quartermaster's department are there to look after the people who look after the Canal, while the same may be said of the doctors a and nurses, dentists and ministers. Again, our Zone community is unique in that it is population transferred from its home environment and planted in another; not by a gradual emigration, but by one great political and economic stroke, carrying a language and institutions of its own into the midst of an alien land. For the language of the Zone is English, its unskilled laborers are British subjects, black or colored; its skilled laborers, its administrators and its protectors are American citizens.

The Zone, once more, is unique as a sort of State-Socialistic experiment under American supervision. Almost everything is done by the government. The individual cannot own land or houses. He cannot open a shop or rent rooms, though he may offer the free hospitality of

THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE HOUSE ON THE "ZONE"

his home. His house, apartment, or bed in a room, are assigned him. He buys his supplies from the Commissary. If his electric light fails, he telephones the electrical division. If his door-key is lost, dr his wife decides that she wants different furniture or a new house, he calls up the Quartermaster. Should his boy sprain his ankle, he applies to the official doctor at the Dispensary. Should he seek amusement, he finds it provided at the nearest club house. His meals, unless he keeps house, he secures at a hotel conducted by the administration. If he has an automobile, it must be kept in a government garage.

Almost the only thing the government does not provide for him is a church, and there is some provision even for that. The largest of the army posts have chaplains, and the two big hospitals at Ancon and at Colon Beach each have two-a Roman Catholic and an Episco- palian. In general, however, the Zone civilian is left to provide his own moral and religious environment as best he may. The typical white Zone resident is American-born, young and vig- orous, with open eye and mind, and a purpose of getting on in the world, equally keen at work or play, and with all the normal passions and appetites of youth. ~specially does he need the Christian faith, because he is subjected not only to the ordinary temptations and dangers of his age but to many others as well.

First: He feels the relaxing influence of a humid tropical climate on his Northern physique, temperament and will.

ON "THE ZONE"

. THE BIBLE SOCIETY B. OAT FOR T.HE PANAMA CANAL Second: He lacks the conservative influences of home, of wide and long-established acquaintance and reputation, and of well-supported and well-known institutions, strengthened by sacred and tender associations. He generally expects to live only a. brief time on the Zone, and cannot plan there a permanent home of his own.

Third: He lives in proximity to the Panamanian cities of Panama and Colon. These towns have stood at the half-way house of a great trade route since the discovery of the American Continent. Black, white, red and yellow races mingle in their streets an'd in their blood and their general moral tone is lax and low.

Their vice districts are large, conspicuous and appalling in the depth of their degradation. They offer to the young American, newly come from his home in the United States, all the fascination of the exotic, the unexpected, the different.

The home standards, if to him they have been mere conventions or external rules, will now seem to his suddenly expanded· vision merely provincial. He rarely stops to ask himself how much these new, loose, free customs may have to do with the inferiority which characterizes the population. His strength must lie in standards, not of external application, but of his own heart and soul and mind-vital and fundamental conVictIOns. Here is the pre-eminent need of the young Zone American, soldier, sailor, machinist or civil servant; man, woman or adolescent.

We believe that in Jesus Christ may be found exactly the strength,

the vision, the wisdom, needed as a preventive. And so Christian men and women on the Canal Zone set up for themselves a little more than three years ago a Union Church.

It is organized in a Collegiate form. One executive committee for the whole Zone supervises the work in all its general features, and local committees in each church-direct local matters. There are four organized churches, with regular services every Sunday. There are six Sunday-schools. Two or three Sunday-schools at military posts which have no chaplains owe their foundation largely to Union Church effort; and Union Church energy helps to support evening song services with occasional addresses at these -points. Three pastors are employed, who must be regularly ordained ministers in good standing in Evangelical churches. It is hoped soon to employ a fourth.

Services are held in various buildings, the use of which is granted by the Government. In most cases it is only a partial use, and in nearly all the housing is inadequate, inconvenient, or both. This is the great present difficulty of the organization.

The five school buildings now under construction on the Zone are estimated to cost $550,000, ranging from $200,000 at Balboa to $4-3,000 at Gatun.

The Roman Catholics of the United States, with local assistance, have provided at Balboa a building consistent with these structures.

The Southern Baptists of the United States, the only Protestants to establish a denominational work for whites, have a neat concrete building at Balboa Heights.

But the very unity which makes the great Protestant organization of the Zone self-supporting, makes it impossible for the church to receive denominational funds. Its wage-earning and salaried people, without a single capitalist, cannot furnish the cash for buildings, and the work of the organization is consequently much hampered.

The white civilian population of the Zone is about ten thousand, divided as follows: (I) BALBOA, 3,400; (2) CRISTOBAL, 2,500; (3) ANCON, 1,800; (4) PEDRO MIGUEL and PARAISO, 1,400; (5) GATUN, 1,100.

The largest army posts have chaplains. An active mission for Spanish-speaking people is maintained in Panama proper by the Methodist Church, with an English service at the Sea Wall Church. There is a close co-operation between this work and that of the Union Church. The latter organization, which ministers to the needs of nine-tenths of the Protestant portion of the white civilians, is also aiding several mis- -sions, and at least three chaplainless army posts.

Christians in the United States should not leave out of their thought these brothers of ours on the new big outpost at the great ocean cross-roads of the Western Hemisphere.

SOME CHINESE STUDENTS IN

"Entertaining Angels Unawares"

A Christmas with Chinese Maidens in America D URING the year 1917 America has ,entertained many dis" tinguished guests from Europe ,and the Orient. , Picturesque and important embassies have honored us, emphasizing by their: coming the new spirit of internationalism which is to usher in the era of peace and good-will. Many of our guests have come on important errands, not merely to exchange fraternal greetings, but the spirit manifested in the welcome to them cannot fail to ,have its effect in establishing friendship.

For many years there have been other groups of Orientals coming quietly and unannounced to our shores. They have not always been welcomed, as they should have been, owing to prejudice and to stupid legislation. And yet we trust that the Oriental students who have been coming for three decades to study in American colleges have not gone back without some appreciation of our interest and sympathy. '

Still farther back in the nineteenth century is the tenderly beautiful story of N eesima, the lonely, friendless Japanese boy, who, without introduction, walked into the heart and home of the Boston merchant~ Alpheus Hardy, and later took his name. Joseph Hardy Neesima gained much from his years of study in Amherst College and in Andover

Seminary. He gained far mor~ from the personal friendship and family life of the Christian gentleman, Alpheus Hardy. The story of the great university founded in Japan shows the marvelous influence that Neesima exerted on the life of his nation, and we wonder if there did not come to his benefactor as great joy and blessing as to the lad he befriended.

With the advent of larger groups of Oriental students in American colleges, there is· danger that they may, because of their very numbers, have fewer opportunities for intimate and friendly relations with the people of America. There are clubs and conferences and a natural. grouping together of Oriental students, with a lessening of their need for the hospitality of American homes. We are losing delightful opportunities for friendships and we cannot afford to miss the possibilities of a clear understanding of these neighbors of ours. They are our allies, who are fighting the fight for democracy with us, and they may become our allies in freeing the world for the great Liberator of souls of men.

That wise statesman with imagination, John Hay, applied the Golden Rule to international relations. He conceived of generous and fair treatment and a basis of friendliness as of greater value than an uhwilling indemnity wrested from a defeated foe. He refused to take advantage of China's misfortune and influenced our nation to return the indemnity fund paid us after the Boxer rebellion. China, with imagination and idealism equal to that of Mr. Hay, applied this fund to a cementing of the friendship by sending groups of students to America for their education. She also built the great Indemnity College near Pekin, where American professors and teachers interpret science, literature and western thought. Unfortunately, we have not always appreciated the opportunities China has given us to meet her representative young men and some have gone back to say, "I was in America for a term of years. I never was invited into it Christian home or welcomed to a Christian church."

With the coming of the first group of Chinese girls under the Indemnity Fund, the Young Women's Christian Association prepared the way by the appointment of a special secretary, Miss Margaret Burton, to act as friend and adviser for Oriental women students. Miss Burton has established most cordial relations with them. They love her and confide in her. She has also introduced them to homes where they have been welcomed during their holidays.

Of the ten girls of the first group, who came from China in the year 1914, all were Christians, and all but one had graduated from schools founded by American missionaries. Those who know those two fine schools, MacTyere, in Shanghai, arid Laura Haygood, in Saochow, are not surprised that in the competitive examinations for all China, most of the successful candidates were sent up from these two institutions of the Southern Methodist Board. The girls came to America under the care

"ENTERTAINING ANGELS UNAWARES"

of Dr. Wong, a representative of the Government of China stationed in Washington. They are required to spend a year in certain of our best preparatory schools before entering college.

One New England home was honored with the presence of six of this group during their first Christmas holidays, and will never lose the de- lightful memories of acquaintance with them. As they met their un- known hostess on Beacon Hill, Christmas eve, 19 I 4, they were overjoyed to see again school friends from whom they had been separated on their arrival in America. The community Christmas tree on Boston Common first attracted their attention, and they were fascinated with gay shop windows and displays of decorations and gifts. There was only just time for dinner at the Club when the bells of the Church of the Advent rang out for the glorious Christmas music. After the service came the carols on Beacon Hill, for on Christmas eve Boston becomes a country village again in the renewal of its beautiful old customs. Then Christmas eve must see our Chinese friends on the train and out into the country where they were to spend a real New England Christmas. The snow was falling on the pines and the bells were striking midnight as they came into. the fire-light of hOlJle, the first home in America that these girls had seen. They found six scarlet stockjngs hung by the chimney and sprays of mistletoe over the doors, and then, still chattering eagerly in English and Chinese, six tired, happy maidens were tucked into bed. The stockings were filled, and not until one o'clock was the entire h~use­ hold at rest. In the early dawn they were awakened by exquisite music. Angelic voices seemed to unite in wonderful harmony.

"Joy to the World, the Lord has Come, Let Earth prepare Him room,"

sang these angels in Chinese, and then after a pause came that exquisite hymn, "Silent Night, Holy Night."

As the last verse died away each heart echoed the line, truly, "Jesus, our Saviour is here." Christmas had dawned in a new and beautiful fashion. The music ceased, the angels fled back for another nap before breakfast, but some of us could not sleep for joy that the Lord had come and had spoken in that American home through these Christian girls of China. L~ter there was a Christmas tree and more singing, and aNew England Christmas dinner.

The days slipped by with holiday festivities and many invitations. Some of the girls had unusual tastes, and when they were given their choice of entertainment, one eagerly suggested a visit to the "Imbecile school," explaining to the bewildered hostess: "You know there is the most wonderful sChool for the feeble-minded near Boston. We are so anxious to learn their method, for we have no such school in all China and there are so many of those helpless little children." Two were eager to see the schools for the blind, the deaf, and still another with medical aspirations could not restrain her joy over a promised X-ray demonstration in a Boston hospital.

. These girls, guests at the table of our nation, are thinking not of how they are to serve themselves, but of what they may carry back to the hungry and needy in China. They are studying medicine, dentistry, social service, music, physical culture and domestic science. Many are preparing to be teachers, others are hoping to develop a Christian litera- ture in China, and all a're intensely interested in the novel features of our we American homes and sodallife. We confess that had wondered a little 'whether a ten days' vi~it might not be a strain. It might have been with strenuous American col- lege girls, but such were the charm and gentleness of these Chinese vis- itors that we have been delighted to repeat the experience.

At a house party last summer the ten girls in the accompanying picture made a real "Rosebud garden of girls," and the China rose, sweet and old-fashioned, need not fear comparison with the American Beauty. We earnestly hope our Chinese guests will not make the mistake of imi- . tating what is least desirable in American dress and customs. They are not oilly witty and well mannered, but are most attractive in their dainty modest Chinese dress. Their Christianity is real and apparent. They won all hearts, 'and kind neighbors were eager to assist in entertaining them. To each of the ten Chinese mothers went across the sea the photo- gra'ph of their daughters in the garden, with a letter from a mother whose own daughter is in a far country and who knows that God made all mothers' hearts from the same pattern. Should not the Christian mothers in America be true allies to those mothers of the East who have 'so bravely sent their daughters to our care?

Long ago "Wise Men from. the East" followed the star until "it came and stood over the place where the young child lay." There were angels and shepherds and a Heavenly song, that first Christmas night in Bethlehem. The star moves westward now,. and these from the East seeking wisdom have followed it over the sea into this strange new country. May they not fail to find among us a loving welcome, doors wide open, and in our homes the Child, the Mother and the light of the Christmas star.

A SEQUEL FROM A CHINESE MOTHER To THE SISTER WHO LOVES My DAUGHTER AND ME: I am going to write you a few lines, I thank you very much indeed for your kindness towards my child dfld me. Although we ar·e of a different nationality, yet we are all sisters through Jesus Christ who died for us, thus making the people of the whole worM His sisters and brothers.

A lthough I cannot see you face to face, yet I have been thinking of you very often. To me prayer IS a means of communication with faraway friends through God. May God bless you.

You asked me why I was willing to let my daughter go so far away from home.

It is opportunity. I could never support her if she had not taken and passed the government examinations. Then there is our HeavenlyIfather who will guide her, no matter where she is. You were brave, too, to have let your daughter go so far.

We, as mothers, have the same comfort in trusting our Lord for our daughters. …

.Sincerely yours, MRS. LI CHEUNG.

the Jews of

BY THE REV. ISAAC LEVINSON, F.R.G.S., LONDON L ITHUANIA lies on the shores of the Baltic Sea, and comprises several Of the western provinces of Russia and of the northeast- ern parts of Poland and Russia. It originally embraced only the "way-wade ships" of Wilna and Troki, but in its palmy days during the 13th and 14th centuries it extended its borders until it stretched from' the Baltic to the Black Sea. In the 16th century its territory to the south and southeast became more restricted, but it formed a 'compact State which included Polotski, MoghiIef, Minsk, Grodno, Kovno, Wilna and Brest, and stretched as far south as Chernigov.

Originally, a grand duchy, its dukes were frequently kings of Poland, so that Lithuania was more or less closely identified with Polish politics, until in 1659 the duchy was merged in the Kingdom of Poland. The third partition of that Kingdom, in 1705, brought Lithuania under the dominion of the Russian Empire, where it has remained until today. The Lithuanians, who number about three millions, are an agricultural people, the trade in the towns being generally carried on by Jews, Germans and Poles.

Little is known of the origin of Lithuania's large Jewish population. There is evidence that two distinct streams of immigration were respon-' sible for it; the earlier apparently coming from the East,. while the later, originating in the 12th century, was largely the result of the persecution which the Jews of Germany had undergone at the hands of the crusaders.

During a considerable part of their history the Jews of Lithuania enjoyed a large measure of prosperity, and in religious freedom fared far better than their Polish and German co-religionists. Many of their Grand Dukes were wise and tolerant. One of them, Alexander, called Witold, granted them in 1:3 88 a charter, whose provisions are instinct with the spirit of liberty. We may cite trom the 37 sections of the charter as given in the Jewish· Encyclopedia one or two which may be fairly regarded as representative.

. One section permitted them to buy and sell on the same footing as Christians. Another provision, to which special interest attaches in view of the hideous "blood accusation" so often brought against the Jews, is as follows: "Since the papal bulls show that Jews are forbidden by their own law to use human blood or any blood whatever, it is .forbidden to accuse Jews of using human blood. But in the case of a Jew accused of the murder of a Christian child, such accusation must be proved by three Christians and three Jews. If the Christian' accuser is unable to prove his accusation, he shall be subjected to the same punishment as would have been inflicted on the accused had his guilt been proven."

The lot of the Jews of Lithuania was not always as happy as when they lived under the beneficent rule of Witold. Little more than a cen- tury after-in 1495-an order was promulgated for their general ex- pulsion from the country, an order which did not long remain in force, for in 1503 they were permitted to return. So the fortunes of Lithuanian Jewry varied, until coming into union with Poland they shared the ex- perience of the Jews of that land. For the most part their history, since then, has been written in blood and tears.

Lithuania has ever been a stronghold of Jewish orthodoxy. The "reform" movement has never been encouraged there; but the Cabala, with its mysticism, its magic, and its superstition, has taken deep root in the land. This strange philosophy may and does exist in union with Talmudic Judaism. Formerly every Lithuanian Jew "was compelled by the communal elders to train his children in Talmudic lore, and the Tal- mud and its endless commentaries became the sale source of information and instruction." It is still the one great authority: colleges abound for the teaching of its doctrines; its rabbis are of the "straitest sect"; and the great mass of the people are still driven in their sorrows "to seek con- solation in the dry formalism of Talmudic precepts."

It is among this population, with its sore need of the Gospel, that the work of the British Jews' Society is carried on. Its headquarters are at Wilna, the capital of the district of that name, which in Hebrew literature is described as the Lithuanian Jerusalem. In normal times it has a population of about 100,000, of whom fully a third are Jews; but in the early days of the war the Jewish population was enormously increased by the influx of thousands of refugees.

Special interest attaches to the establishment of the British Society's Mission in this city. About 1884 the missionary in Warsaw took an itinerant journey through Lithuania, and was greatly impressed by his favorable reception in many_populous Jewish communities, and by the readiness with which Jews accepted the copies of the New Testament which he offered them. Many of them had never before even heard of such a book, and they re.ad it with eagerness. Returning to Warsaw the Missionary had evidence that the seed of the Word had borne fruit. One Jew, Ginsberg by name, wrote: "The reading of the New Testament you kindly granted me has awakened within me a new spirit. I am ready to suffer for Christ's sake." Others wrote in a similar vein and expressed the desire that a Mission be opened in the city.

Among those who thus received blessing from the study of the New Testament were three young men in one of the rabbinical academies. One knew that I was in England and had become a Christian, and I suspect that he had been in the habit of accompanying his use of my name with a few pious curses I Now, however, he began to bless, and wrote to express the earnest desire that we might send a missionary to Wilna. This seemed impossible, but the way was providentially opened when a friend,

WORSHIP IN

who heard of the open door, generously undertook to contribute $500 a year towards the cost of this mission. At the same time a Hebrew Christian, formerly a rabbinical student in Wilna, came to London and earnestly desired to labor among his brethren. Thus we were led both to the means and to the man for the new mission station.

The work extended in the course of time to Kovno, and both there and at Wilna great blessing attended the work of the missionaries. Converts of these missions are today preaching the Gospel in many parts of the world.

It may safely be stated that fully eighty per cent. of the Jewish population of Wilna do not know in the evening where they will obtain food the next morning. The services of a Christian doctor are naturally greatly appreciated by such a population; and Dr. P. Frohweill, who has been laboring there for many years, has won the affection of multitudes. In some cases whole families have been brought to Christ through his instrumentality.

There is an urgent call for a forward movement in Lithuania, where are many towns with huge Jewish populations that have no missionary. Unutterable sorrow has visited the Jews of this region in common with the Jews of other lands, where war drives its cruel ploughshare through homes and hearts. Be it ours to carry the sweet consolations of the Gospel of Christ to those who are now suffering this latest phase of the age- . long martyrdom of their race, and to witness-to them of One Who alone can bind up the broken of heart and heal their deep, incurable hurt. .

Devil Worship in Guatemala BY PAUL BURGESS, QUEZALTENANGO, GUATEMALA Missionary of. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A W E have just had a terrible experience. A few nights ago . three of our finest young men, two of them members of our . congregation in this city, took advantage of the beautiful moonlight to scale the volcano, Santa Maria, at whose foot our city lies. With them went two Indian servants. They reached the top of the volcano without mishap and, tired out by the climb, lay down to sleep in a cave near the summit, expecting to awaken in time to see the glorious sunrise view which this mountain affords and to return to their homes in time for dinner. They thought they were alone on the summit, but no sooner were they well asleep than a company of Indian witch-doctors came up behind them, having seen them pass farther down the mountain. They came armed with guns, axes and machettes,and before their five victims were well awake had murdered them all. Their bodies were then thrown into the crater of the volcano as an offering to the spirit

which dwells there. The bodies were extricated from the crater with great difficulty two days later and brought here for burial. About thirty suspects are held in the jail, and it is probable that several of them will be shot very shortly. We had long known' that the witch- doctors threw babies into the volcano as an off~ring to the spirit. It was also known that a young Indian had recently taken his half sister up the mountain, a girl of about ten years, and returned :withbu't her. When tortured to confess what had become' of her, his orily answer had been that "the spirit had swallowed her." But these things" were 'happening among the Indians themselves, and'we did not tikemllch p.otice. Now that three of the finest young men of our city have perished, two of them foreigners, we are aroused and many are" forcrtnlri.ding all the witch- doctors up and killing them off in one gtand.,'hecatomb. . , But ther~ is a more excellent way. "Let me illustrate this with a personal experience. Across the 'river :from Santa' lJaria is another volcano, the Semata, which is" also used' by the witch-doctors: as a sane· tuary to worship the sun and the spirit of the volcano. 'Ab6ut its. foot, as about the foot of 'Santa Maria, live a lot of Indians, mostly witch- doctors who make a living from their black arts. But the ~ood news of the Gospel reached these latter, imd two 'families of the witch-doctors believed it and threw all their paraphei-nalia into the river and began to pray to God instead of the devil and seek to do His will., Last Feb- ruary Mrs. Burgess and I with our three children spent our vacation living in the woods with these same witch-doctors far from the strong arm of the law, with no weapon but love to defend ourselves. The non- believing Indians were at first suspicious of us, but we went to visit them, held service in the woods for them to which some of them 'came, and sought to explain the love of God in Christ as best we could. At first we could get no milk from them and had t6 send a servant on a sixteen- mile tramp to get it every day. After we had been there a couple of weeks, however, these same Indians came and offered us a cow which should be ours as long as we needed it. When we came to leave, three Indian men who had formerly had only hate and suspicion for the Pale- face Qame up to tell us good-bye, put their arms about us, and called us "brother." , The poor Indian has been oppressed and kept in ignorance, exploited and denied justice for past 400 years. It is a, wonder that the tragedy of Santa Maria is not enacted much oftener than it is. It is the blind revolt of beings who have been denied justice and who nevertheless long for more life and fuller even as you and I.

Yes, the Gospel does make a difference I It does not convert every one, but I am sure that if the Church at home had been true to its light, and if we here on the field had not been so busy with the many things which are not always "that better part," this awful murder would never have occurred. God help us to be truer to our work. Amen.

A NAVAJO WOMAN WEAVI~C A

Conditions Among the Navajo_Indians BY REV. HOWARD A. CLARK, FORT DEFIANCE, ARIZONA (A Statement approved by the Presbytery of Northern Arizona) T HE Navajo people, though the real Americans, present conditions similar to those that we find in Asia or Africa. " Here are ancient customs; a strange language; a religion as ignorant of God as the religion of China, India or Africa. Here are worshippers of the Sun God like the ancient Phrenicians, or the modern Fire V orshippers of Mesopotamia. Here men have as many wives as the Mohammedans. Here are sorcerers who profess to drive out evil spirits, like the exorcists of Korea. Here men and women and little children are as fearful of a dead body as the pagans of East Africa who contended with the faithful Susi over the body of Livingstone. Prayers are offered to the sun, the dawn, the earth, the mountains, the wind, and"even to bears and reptiles. Sad to relate, in some parts of this field priests of Rome are seeking to add to this list a great number of "saints," good and bad.

While the Navajo is religious, there is nothing in his religion that leads a soul nearer to God, and nothing that will help him in his fight against evil. On the other hand, there is much that will lead him deeper into sin. The medicine man is the religious leader of the tribe; but in many cases he is neither a spiritual man nor a moral man. In fact, some of the most religious are at the· same time the most immoral. The Na"vajo separates his religious life from his moral life as easily as a Turk separates himself from his wife.

The Navajos are a great and growing tribe. In 1870 they num- bered 7,000. Today there are 32,500 and they ar-e increasing at the rate of five per cent. each year. Their reservation cannot contain 'them, so they have overflowed and about one-third of the tribe are living on the public domain. The country they occupy in northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico is nearly three hundred miles in extent from east to west and more than one hundred miles from north to south.

Their hogans are found all the way from Albuquerque to the rim a f the Grand Canyon. Much of the western portion of this re- gion is an almost barren waste, while the eastern section is mountainous.

Over this vast territory thirty-two thousand men, women and children, with flocks of sheep and goats, wander about the country, having no certain dwelling place. Their homes, made of logs and mud, are built in the shape of an Eskimo hut and are nearly void of furnishings. A door-way, two feet wide by four feet'

high, always faces the east in honor of the sun. A blanket is hung in place of a door, and a hole in the roof lets out the smoke and lets in the light. The fire built on the dirt floor in the A NAVAJO BABY IN HER CRADLE center 0 f the hogan is used both for heating and for cooking. The family sits on the floor, eats on the floor and sleeps on the floor. There are no chairs, no tables with cloth and napkin, and no spring beds. The Navajos have few home comforts; yet are sometimes well to do in flocks and herds. Though poor as a race, they are and always have been a self-supporting and self-respecting people. They receive no allowances from Washington, though their children are being educated at the expense of the Government. With plenty of good mutton, bread and coffee the Navajo does not go hungry. His dress is simple. The garb of the

71 CONDITIONS AMONG THE NAVAJO INDIANS

women is more modest than that of many white girls and women seen on the streets of American towns and cities. It isa blessing that the white man's civilization ha.s not been adopted in every respect.

Of the 32,000 Navajos, possibly 3,000 can read and write-though this estimate may be too high. Itincludes the boys and girls nOw attending school, of whom there are 2,000 out of a population of 11,000 children. This gives us 9,000 children of the Navajos growing up without a school education.

The needs of this people are great. How shall we meet them? We must ever keep in mind the words of Christ, "Cleanse first the inside of the cup and the platter, that the outside thereof may become clean also." How useless and foolish to cleanse the outside of the Navajo_ people and leave the inside full of filth and wickedness I It is quite clear that the one outstanding need of the Navajo is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. And we feel it to be the duty of every worker, whether in camp, school or hospital, to preach the 'Vard.

Many years ago, those in charge of the department of Indian Affairs at Washington seemed to realize the uselessness of giving an education without a Saviour. Accordingly, two hours a week were set apart in every Indian school for religious instruction. In addition to these two hours the children were sent to the Sunday-school and the church service. of the denomination instructing them. This has afforded a splendid opportunity for bringing the Gospel to this people, and especially of presenting the great truths of sin and salvation to the rising generation. All of our Navajo schools are now receiving religious instruction, the work being done by the Presbyterian and Christian Reformed churches. The Roman Catholics carryon their work at some points: School Support Enrollment Religious Instruction Tuba, Ariz. Government 175 Presbyterian ': Kayenta, Ariz. 30 " Leupp, Ariz. 100 Corn Fields, Ariz. 30 Ship Rocks, N. M. 150 Two Grey Hills, N. M. 75 Christian Reformed Crown Point, N. M. 120 Luka Chuka, Ariz. 30 Roman Catholic Chin Lee, Ariz. 200 Presby. and R. C.

Ft. Defiance, Ariz. 400 " " Tohatchi, N. M. 175 Chr. Ref. and R. C.

Rehoboth, N. M. Mission 76 Christian Reformed Tolchaco, Ariz. " 26 Pres~yterian Ganado, Ariz. 40 Farmington, N. M. 60 Methodist St. Michaels, Ariz. " 150 Roman Catholic The Christian Reformed Church has a well equipped hospital at Rehoboth, New Mexico, and is doing good work for our Navajo people.

The Presbyterian Church has a hospital at Ganado, and another to be built in the near future on the San Juan River. The National Indian Association has a hospital at Indian Wells and the Presbyterian Church has a mission there working in conjunction with it. The Baptist Church

THE HOME OF A NAVAJO CHRISTIAN AT TOLCHACO, ARIZONA is doing mission work for the Navajos about Keams Canyon, though their principal work is with the Hopi Indians some fifteen miles away. At Tuba, Ariz., the Gospel Union of Kansas City is conducting a mission that was one of the first to be established among the Navajos. The Presbyterians are also conducting a mission at Carriso, Ariz.; and at Ft. Defiance the Episcopal Church sustains an excellent hospital for diseases of the eye, ear and throat. Totaling the mission work, it is as follows: Baptists, one mission station; Methodist Episcopal, one mission school; Protestant Episcopal, one mission hospital; Gospel Union, one mission station; Christian Reformed, one hospital, one school and four mission stations; Presbyterian, two schools, two hospitals and eleven mission stationsj Roman Catholic, one school and five mission stations.

A beautiful spirit of harmony exists between the workers of the different denominations doing work among the Navajos. A few years ago the Reservation was divided in such a way that each denomination was made responsible for a certain territory. The plan has worked admirably and today there is no sign of any friction. Protestant Christianity presents a solid front as it fights under the banner of the Lord Jesus Christ, our Lord. This sympathy and harmony have been brought about largely by the Southwest Bible and Missionary Conference which meets near Flagstaff, Arizona, every August. For ten summers the missionaries of all the denominations working among the Indians of the Southwest have gathered here for Bible study, prayer and conference.

These meetings have been a great blessing to the missionaries, and now the native converts meet with us. Here the native Christians come in contact with Christians from other tribes, with missionaries from other fields, and with such Bible teachers as Dr. R. A. Torrey, of the Los Angeles Bible Institute, A. C. Gaebelein, editor of Our Hope, and others. The conference has grown to an attendance of about one hundred and fifty.

AMONG THE NAVAJO INDIANS 92I

The past summer there was inaugurated a camp-meeting campaign, in which the missionaries and their interpreters come together at a given point and spend five or six days working in the Indian camps. The evening services are made attractive by stereopticon pictures of New Testament scenes. The response of the Navajos is very encouraging and promises good things for the future.

Large portions of the Bible have been translated into this language and are being printed by the American Bible Society. Native helpers are being taught to read it, and the boys and girls in government and mission schools are being instructed so that they may read it to their own people. The erroneous belief of the Navajos that Christianity is the white man's religion and the Bible the white man's book is doing much to hinder the work; but every effort is being made to correct this false view and to fill boys and girls with a desire to read this Word of God and explain it to their own people. This should be one of the most powerful means of training the Navajos. Five years hence scores of young men and women will be able to read God's Word in their own language to the people now sitting in darkness.

Unfortunately, much of the work of the Roman Catholic Church among the Navajos is political and ceremonial. The influence of the head men is sought, with promises of worldly advantage, in order that through them the tribe may be won. While a number of these leaders have been won to Rome, they are still very ignorant and pagan in their wor:>hip and life. The head men call the councils in which decisions are made affecting the welfare' of the tribe. At a council held a year ago, a vote was taken to expel the Protestant workers from the field. In spite A MISSIONARY VISITING A NAVAJO SUMMER SETTLEMENT

of this fact, we rejoice to know that the Navajos as a tribe are more friendly toward Protestantism than toward Catholicism.

The Church of Rome does not oppose Sunday games and the round dance. The Protestant missionaries passed the following resolution reo cently by unanimous vote: "That it is the expressed feeling of the mis· sionary body of the Southwest Bible and Missionary Conference in ses· sian at Cliffs, Arizona, August 10-20, 1916, that the card game, the social dance, and the Sunday amusements should be discouraged as being detri. mental to the spiritual growth of the children in our Indian Government schools." At some of our Government schools a boy must either engage in Sunday games or forfeit his place on the school team; and the girls and boys are offered no form of amusement on social evenings other than the round dance.

Men are needed for this work among the Navajos-men well· equipped and filled with the Spirit of God. Money is needed for a rapidly growing work that is yet in its beginning. But above all, there is need for a native ministry. One young native evangelist is now in the work, and others are in training. But the training off the reservation does not quite fill the need, as they will come back knowing the English Bible fairly well; but unable to use the Navajo Bible, which must be their chief strength. All the missionaries see the great need of a training school centrally located on the Navajo reservation, if there is to be hope for the speedy evangelization of this great tribe. Many students that return from non-reservation schools, with high hopes and with a desire to help their own people, are unable to fulfil their ambitions and rapidly sink to a life that is little above the lives of those who have never had the ad· vantages of school.

Here is a great opportunity among these 32,000 unsaved Indians of this great tribe 'in Navajo land.

NAVAJO INDIAN SCHOOL BOYS AT PLAY, LUEl'P, ARIZONA

WORK OF THE DOMS-OR THIEF

Burning Corpses on the Ganges Ghats The Thieves of Benares BY REV. C. PHILLIPS CAPE, BENARES, INDIA Missionary of the Wesleyan Methodist Mission, 1898 T HE Doms are a criminal tribe, numbering about eleven hundred people in the Benares District. Probably ninety per cent. of the adult males have been in prison. They are thieves by profession and one of their sayings is: "The Dom's boy is highly intelligent, he steals wherever he goes." They steal the garments of the pilgrims who bathe in the Ganges; they snatch nose-rings from the women in the fairs; they loot the merchant's house, and take his brass pots, his rupees and notes; they will even plunge into the river to strip a corpse of its raiment and bracelets. The children are taught to steal by their mothers, who are themselves experts in thievery.

These people spend much of their time in begging and fill their spare moments with basket making and in corpse burning. The village Dam burns the Hindu dead which are brought to the Ganges for cremation; the city Dam works as a scavenger for the municipality.

The Dam is filthy in appearance and habits. He will not eat monkeys or lizards but does not refuse a horse that has died of disease, though he may have to dispute its possession with jackals and vultures..

If the Dom has money he will gamble or drink himself drunk.

Then he will quarrel and fight and go to prison, unless he can persuade the policeman to be merciful. As the policeman's pay is only two dollars and fifty cents a month, he does not always despise the Dom when he brings gifts.

The Dom is outside the pale of Hinduism, being regarded as an outcast by people who themselves are excluded from the temples, the sacraments, arid the Shastras. The Dom is at the bottom of the social scale; though he himself is willing to accord that distinction to the wash- ermen. As his touch is pollution, a dozen Doms would clear the streets of Benares quicker than a British regiment. The Dom is to the Hindu what the pig is to the Moslem. .

Such alCe the people we have been trying to help for the past ten years. A Dom .who hid been with . the British expedition to Tibet, .found on his return to Benares, that he was entitled toa medal and some money. He was only a sweeper, but because he had shared in the dangers and privations of the cam- paign, he received a medal, bearing the image of the King-Emperor.

Besides the medal he had the money, which he wished to keep for his own use. So he went to an In- dian pastor, who had for years preached outside his hut, and told him he wanted to be a Christian.

He was quite frank : if he remained a Dom, the police would take his money; if he became a Christian, he might gain deliverance from the A VILLAGE DOM AT HOME police. He hoped the missionary would help him. We· talked to him of the tyranny of the Devil; and after instruction, we received him into the Church. That was the beginning of the movement which has resulted in over 600 Doms becoming Christians and receiving baptism.

In order· to reform them, we preach the Gospel to them and tell them of God's love. It is difficult for them to understand because all the superior persons they have ever known have hated and despised them. Our kindness is, however, making it possible for them to believe in the love of God.

THIEVES OF

The Doms are so p00r and improvident that they quickly become the prey of the money-lender, who will let them have a loan of 16 annas if they will pay four annas every month for the accommodation. .We therefore assist them with small sums of money at a low rate of interest.

We visit them in prison and remind them of God's affection. Only God can tell the good that has come to Moslem and Hindu jailers who have witnessed' the missionary's concern for the criminal outcast. We PREACHING TO rHE VILLAGE DOMS OF BENARES meet them at the prison gate. In the old days they went straight from prison to the drink-shop to be entertained by their friends and to be spCinkled with the drink to cleanse them from the defilement of the prison. Now they come at once to the Mission Compound where they have tea instead of sharab and get the latest news of all their friends.

Through the kindness of the municipal officials we are able to find them honest employment as city scavengers. The police have preyed on the Dom for generations. If we find that our Doms are being harried by the police we intervene. Fortunately the British magistrates are with us. Then we teach the people hymns and the catechism. The adults learn a little with extreme difficulty. They should have been captured haIfa century ago. Fifty years of poverty, oppression and crime are not friendly to the divine in man; But still traces of their origin can be . found. When we see a Dom woman hugging to her breast for many

THE CITY DOMS-THE HOUSE OF THE HEAD MAN days a baby dreadfully smitten with small-pox, covering it inside her one garment to protect it from the light, we know that these people who have so much to learn have something that they can teach. ADorn woman is a better mother than many a London or New York lady.

We have opened schools for the children, but as they can earn money by sweeping the streets, begging or making baskets, the attendance of the child at school is a real loss to the parent, who is too shortsighted to realize the compensation that the future will bring. Sometimes we have to make good this loss to the parents if we would save the children.

W e att~nd their public dinners, and as these last for twelve hours, from seven in the evening to seven in the morning, and are often given in very dirty quarters, our attendance is more of a duty than a joy. By attending these dinners we see that no strong drink is consumed; we prohibit indecent dancing and acting; we assist the police in preserving order, and their own honor; we entertain the Dams with a few fireworks and gramaphone selections; we encourage the children to sing Christian hymns; and we see them all off to their work in the mormng.

We help them in sickness. There are no hospitals in the villages, and the native doctors are often both knaves and fools. The city Doms are generally unwilling to attend the free Government hospitals, as the

apothecary, they say, will not give them good medicine without a fee.

We have to deal with these people as we find them and when they re- fuse to visit the hospitals, we must serve them as best we can.

o The Dams' belief in wizardcraft is being dispelled by our showing them that for a pain in the head, or elsewhere, better than all the incan- tations of the wizard, is a dose of castor oil. I was compelled to open an abscess one day on the back of one of our Dams.. I found that simple operation was the nearest way to the man's heart. "Sir," he said: "I will serve you whenever I can, I will serve you to the end I" He is the official hangman. 0 These people suffer greatly from malarial fever, and we help them 0 by administering quinine which we receive from the Health' Officer and other friends. It is interesting that the drug is on sale at all the post- offices in British India, wrapped in packets contaifling directions for its use. It is recognized by the Government that in many villages every man must be his own physician. In such places anyone with a little knowledge of medicine and a little common sense, can be of much help to the sick.

The Government of india has tried to reform the Doms and has failed, because it had .to depend upon unsuitable subordinates. We, with the Salvation Army, are succeeding because we have reliable, sympa· THE VILLAGE DOMS COM,PLAIN, 0 THAT THEIR ROOF LEAI<S

thetic and enthusiastic Indian colleagues. Then we have Indian Christian evangelists living close to these people and helping them whenever possible.

One of our workers is an ex-Brahmin. To see this man sittil1g by . the bedside of a sick Dom, giving him milk and medicine and teaching him the Sacred Law, is to see a miracle of the Living Christ.

THE RESULT These people are not yet saints, but now they can become saints. Hinduism gave them no chance: we give them a chance. Once they were hopeless, now they know of a way to rise. Gradually they will be able to understand "the Christian view of life, the Christian standard of values, their divine sonship and their heavenly citizenship." Some of them still fight, still drink, still steal, still have recourse to the wizards. But those of us who have known the work from the beginning, can register a marked improvement. Some of the children can read and write: they know their catechism and sing Christian hymns. The drink- shopkeepers complain that our work is interfering with their trade. The indecent dancing has utterly ceased. Saturnalia may still be found in India, but no longer at the dinner of our Dams.

The District Magistrate reports that, as the result of our efforts, there has been "a marked diminution in the criminal habits" of the Benares Dams. The health officer of the mun~cipality, a Brahmin trained in England, reports that our Doms, who are his servants, do their sweeping much better now than in the old days.

The wizards are losing ground. The ghosts of a leper, a madman and a British soldier have lost their terrors for our people.

Our mission to the outcastes is a highly valuable object-lesson to the caste Hindu and Moslems of ·India. Their Shastras condemn us, but their human hearts approve. These people have been so dreadfully handicapped in the days that have gone, that they will only be fit for menial service for many years to come. But we read with pleasure that two of our evangelists and three theological students are ~x-Doms. Not long ago we were taking the body of a Christian Dom through the city of Shiva, to the place of cremation. As our people carried the corpse through the city, they cried, "Victory to Jesus: .Tesus is true." Some priests turned and said, "Cry 'Victory to Ram, Ram is true'." They were asked, "But what has Ram done for the Doms, that they should take his name ?"

What has Hinduism done for the 60,000,000 outcastes of India? It has despised, despoiled and degraded them. And what has Jesus done? He has shown himself their dying, their undying friend. Through the homage of outcastes and of sinners, Jesus shall reign in India.

Problem of the Aliens in America*

REV. JAMES I. VANCE, D. D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE CLOSING the gate to the alien is a Christian country, we will never do it really no solution of our immigra- in a heathen country. God has driven us into a corner, and is saying to the tion problem. The alien is already here. Church: "Now do your duty or die!" Besides, is it a Christian solution? There never was a greater opportunity "There is no difference between the Jew than that which now confronts Protes~ and the Greek, for the same Lord over tant Christianity in America to evanall is rich unto all that call upon him." gelize the alien. And the alien is con- vertible. He can be Christianized. America cannot, if it would, be a Christ is not only "the power of God hennit nation. The day is past for any unto salvation" to Sons of the AmerpeQple to bar themselves off from the ican Revolution, to Colonial Dames, to rest of mankind. In these days of wire- Daughters of the Confederacy, to memless telegraphy and aerial navigation and bers of the Grand Army of the Repubuniversal language, the pulse-beat of the lic, but to the Italian in the ditch, to race kin cannot be ignored. There are the Hungarian in the coal mines, to the no longer any desert solitudes. The Pole in the packing-house, to the Jew races have become the people. from the steppes of Russia, to the Hindu from the filth of India. The tide of The problem can be solved only by immigration rolls in, carrying on its the Gospel of .Christ. We are not crest a matchless opportunity to the afraid of any shipload of foreigners who Christian Church. come to us loyal to the Cross of Christ. They cannot come too soon or too often. Are we meeting it? What does the We welcome them. But what if they immigrant think of our Christianity? are not Christians? What if they are only Does it impress him? Does he believe nominal Christians? Is is not evident that we believe it? Do we give him that our salvation as a nation depends Christian treatment? Not always. A upon our making them Christians? Ruthenian priest says: "My people do There is a stronger bond than love of not live in America. They live undercountry. It is love of Christ. And neath America. America goes on over when men find Christ, they are one, their heads. My people do not love though they come from the ends of the America. Why should they, from what earth. they see of it?" The wretchedness of many of these aliens in a strange land is Therefore, this question is a great mis- enough to move to pity the sternest of sionary problem. It rises up before us. that guild whose shibboleth is: "Amer- It is imperative. In what is no doubt ica for the Americans I" a providence, God has brought the ends of the earth to us. We were slow in Only Christianity can solve the probtaking the Gospel to them. The lem, but it will take a new brand of Saviour seems now to be saying: "I ChrIstianity, not this formal, fainthave waited long, but my people are slow hearted, self-indulgent, dress-parade to go. After nineteen hundted years, Christianity, but one that can stand bad two-thirds of the world are without the smells and foul sights, and go down to Gospel. I will bring the nations to my the gates of hell to save a lost soul, that people." They are here at our doors. has enough of Christ in it to love It is a glorious missionary opportunity. iniquity into goodness, and hostility into brotherhood! The success or failure ofrforeign missions is going to be settled here at home. If we cannot Christianize the -heathen in * From an address delivered in New Orleans, La., March 13, 1917.

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CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SCRIPTURE LESSONS FOR MISSIONARY TALKS AND MEETINGS Comparatively few missionary ",'ork- Church at Home and A broad, built his ers know how to wield the "sword of leading editorial around the Arabicword,- the Spirit, which is the Word of God," Tfuddul, which is largely used to-day in in behalf of missions. Yet, with the ex- the land that gave our Saviour birth. ception of prayer, no weapon is so Condensed and adapted as follows, it is powerful in promoting. the cause. fine for use on Christmas programs.

The Scripture lesson need not be dis- "Spending one year in Syria, I daily tinctively missionary to be effective. heard people talk in the Arabic lan- Whatever deepens spiritual life tends guage," says Doctor Nelson, "but I did also to develop the missionary spirit. not learn many Arabic words. But I "The supreme method of securing did learn one because I heard it so often money for missions is that of promoting and it had so many nice meanings. the spiritual life of the people," says John R. Mott, in The Pastor and "The word is 'tfuddul.' Do not put Modern Missions. Experience proves the vowel u between the first two letters that this same "supreme method" will and make it 'tufuddul/ but put the tip win men as well as money, will stimu- of your tongue in the top of your mouth, late prayer, and increase interest and and blow it off so as to give the sound attendance. of if together. The word changes its Nor need a Scripture lesson be long to be effective. A few verses or even a form according to the persons spoken to. single text, wisely applied, will ac- They say 'Tfuddur to a man; 'Tfudcomplish more than a whole chapter duli' to a woman; 'Tfuddulu' in speak.- read without aim. ing to two or more persons.

This month we present a series of "Now for the meaning. When I Scripture lessons with applications from went with a missionary into a room full missionary literature. Most of them of Syrian men, they all rose up and stood have already been used and found effec- (for the Syrians are 'very polite) until tive. It is hoped they may prove help- the misionary said 'Tfuddulu.' Then it ful to pastors for use in missionary was proper for them to sit down. sermons and addresses; to Sunday-school superintendents and teachers for brief "I was at a Christmas-tree festival in talks or illustrations in their classes; to one of the mission schools in '!I,Jount Women's and Young People's Societies Lebanon where they had made a pretty as the basis of devotional services in their Christmas tree by draping a barrel for monthly meetings; and to study classes the trunk and setting large pine boughs in deepening spiritual impressions. into it. Around this make-believe tree they had made on the floor a pretty TFUDDUL mosaic with alternate circular rows of pine cones and large yellow oranges. MARK 11: 1-6. After the entertainment, when a young Syrian was gathering up the beautiful Away back in May, 1887, Doctor large pine cones into a basket I requested Henry A. Nelson, the editor of The a lady near me, who could speak Arabic to ask for one for me to take home. She did so and the young man set the basket

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down at my feet, saying, 'Tfuddul/ as· "If He should come into your Sab- he threw apart his hands with a gesture bath School and say, 'Who of these boys of generous welcome. and girls are willing to give themselves "I once rode with my missionary wholly to Me, to do whatever I tell daughter to a village a little way up them, to go wherever I send them, to Mount Lebanon and called on a Syrian help make Me known to all children.

family. They had prepared for us nuts and all people?' would you not look up and fruits and cake. These were placed into His face and exclaim, 'Tfuddul, on a low table and we sat down beside Lord Jesus-here am I; send me?'

it on cushions on the floor. The women "He is in your home; He is in your were standing to wait on us. But the Sabbath School; He is in your church.

missionary lady said, 'Tfuddulu/ and You do not see Him. But He sees you.

they were so modest that she had to say, 'The Lord hath need of you.' Will not 'Tfuddulu, tfuddulu,' several times be- your heart respond, 'Tfuddul, Lord; fore they would eat with us. speak, for Thy servant heareth."

"You see the word means every sort of welcome. In one case we might THE TEST OF LOVE translate it, 'Sit down and be comfort- JOHN 21: 15-17 WITH JOHN 10:16. able' j in another, 'Make yourselves at home'; in still another, 'Help yourself At the close of a great mass meeting for to as many as you like.' Spoken to one men held in connection with the first camat the door it means, 'Come in and feel paign of the Layman's Missionary Moveperfectly at home.' It takes a good ment in Detroit, Shenvood Eddy used many of our words to express what the Syrians mean by the one word, 'tfuddu!.' John 21: 15-17 with such telling effect "There comes to my mind a very that strong men :wept and the whole sweet and solemn meaning. this word vast company passed out in absolute 'tfuddul' might have. If the owner of silence. Nor did the impression pass that colt (Mark 11: 1-6). for which quickly away. From one of a little Jesus sent the disciples, had spoken in group who boarded a Woodward Ave- Arabic, whe·n they said, 'The Lord hath nue car for their homes in the suburbs, we learned that each man took a seat by need of him,' he would have said, himself and that during the entire ride 'Tfuddulu, t/uddulu,' and helped to un- of five miles not one spoke to his fellows. tie the halter. The passage is so familiar that it may "And I suppose that to-day when the deepen the impression to read it in one little Syrians who have learned so much of the many new versions. In Weyof the Bible from the missionaries, read mouth's New Testamel{t in Modern the sweet words of Jesus, 'Behold, I Speech the rendering is especially helpstand at the door and knock,' they say ful and reverent. We have found it very to Him, 'Tfuddul. tluddul/ if they are effective in connection with John 10 :16. ready to open their hearts. "Other sheep I have"-herds of red "And you, happy American child, if ones as well as white in America; the dear Lord should come into your of yellow in China; black in Africa; and home on Christmas Day and sit in the brown in the Islands of the Sea.* j!;reat arm chair and you should show Him the books and toys, the new gar- "What though the flesh be black or ments and the money that had been given white or brown; to you on His birthday; if He should The loving Saviour wore for all the say, 'How freely you have received! thorny crown." How much are you willing to give to make Me known to children all over the world?' Would you not look up * See "The New Testament i1f. Modern into His kind face and say, 'Tfuddul, Speech." by R. F. Weymouth, D.Lit., Boston; Lord Jesus i take all you will?' The Pill1rim Press.

THE MEASURE OF LOVE British and Canadian Christians have JOHN 3 :16 already made almost unm;Iievable sacri- fices for God and native land. Yet, A Scripture lesson used at the close of great as these have been, they have not a discourse or program may have very yet measured up to the· saqifice prac- great power. tised day by day by the humhlest Korean Pilkington realized this when he Christians as a matter of course. The brought his stirring pamphlet on The following story reprinted from The Gospel in Uganda to a close with a Youth's Companion puts us all to shame.

strong plea based on John 3 :16. Lead- ers of study classes on Africa will find PLOUGH WORK. this of great value just now. But, by substituting for Africa the name of some "Our minister is always talking to us other field (as India or China) or some about sacrifice. I am getting tired of it.

special class (as the Lepers or the Jews) He expects us to give, give, give all the it may be used at any time or for any time. He seems to think that the Church people. We reprint it as follows from is the greatest institution in the world/'

Pilkington of Uganda.* "Perhaps he is right. But I agree A LAST WORD. with you that we can't always be giv- ing to the Church. There are other Now comes the question: Is all (our things to be thought of. I· am afraid our minister is rather visionary." interest) to end here?

Oh let, let us be real! Emotion is no The first speaker was a wealthy bus- substitute for action. You love Africa, iness man, the second a successful law- do you? God so loved that He gave- yer. Both had very large incomes and God gave-what? Superfluities? lived not only in comfort but in luxury.

Leavings? That which cost Him noth- They were church members and gave ing? "generously" ; but neither knew the We salve our consciences by doing meaning of the word "sacrifice."

little, and refuse to recognize the fact A few months later these two men that the work for which the Lord died joined a party that was going around is not being done. the world. Before they started, their Let us confess that hitherto we have "visionary" pastor asked them to take only been playing at Missions. God has note of any interesting and unusual given us much more than our miserable things they might see in the mission- efforts have deserved. ary countries through which they passed.

Let us begin in a new way. They promised–carelessly perhaps.

New prayer; new giving; new going. In Korea one day they saw a boy in The World for Christ, Christ for the a field by the roadside pulling a rude World, in this generation! plough· while an old man held the A LIVING SACRIFICE handles and guided it. The lawyer was amused and took a snapshot ofthe Scene.

ROMANS 12:1 WITH 2 SAM. 24:24 "That's a curious picture! They must be very poor," he said to the missionary Sacrifice is the keynote of the hour. In who was acting as guide and interpreter all nations at war (our own included) for the party. governments are demanding of their subjects sacrifices in the way of men, "That is the family of Chi Noui," money and service unmatched in the was the quiet reply. "When the church history of the world. If the Church is was being built· they were anxious to to keep up her work, she must do like- give but had no money; so they sold wise. their ox and gave the proceeds. This spring they are pulling the plough them- *By C. F. Harford-Battersby (Revell: New selves."

York). The lawyer and the business man·

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were silent for some moments. Then his mission hut-house, we salute those of the business man said, "That must have 'our own company,' Messrs. Swan and – been a real sacrifice." Faulknor," he says. "Cut off from the outside world as they are, no doubt 'the "They did not call it so," said the banner over them is love'; yet there is missionary. "They thought it fortunate sadly waving over their little far-away they had an ox to sell." cabin the yeltow flag of quarantine. Faulknor, a shining saint, has found Neither man had much to say, but Africa one long hospital of pain. when they reached home the lawyer took the picture to his minister and told "Two men all alone in the lonely inhim the story. terior seem a poor, inadequate sort of testimony, yet so normally necessary is it "I want to double my pledge," he to be mighty in word and deed that the said. "And give me some 'plough sick man prayed while the strong man work,' please. I have never known what preached; thus he also serves who only sacrifice meant. A converted heathen stands and waits. In the mouth of two taught me. I am ashamed to say I have witnesses, word and deed, every word never yet given anything to my church that cost me anything."

It seems to be a law of the Kingdom that there is no success without suffering. If you succeed without suffering it means that someone suffered before you. If you suffer without succeeding; one who comes after you will doubtless have the success.-Edward Judson.

How much does the average church was established, for while Mr. Swan member ever sacrifice for his religion? preached Calvary his good friend Faulk- How many that call themselves Chris- nor carried the cross of pain. Bedridden tians ever sold the ox and harnessed tho he was for many a day, he soon themselves to the plough? found that when God permits you to take a back seat you can have a very HELPING BY PRAYER good time. There was many a song of triumph even under that drooping yel- 2 COR. 1: 11. low flag and, as the average African can look through your body like glass, In this busy age most of us seem to Faulknor's 'living epistle' was eloquent prefer to be Marthas busily engaged in the whole day long, ever answering the active work rather than Marys sitting challenge of the relentless Negro stare. at the feet of Jesus, communing with Him. Yet Mary "chose the better "God in all lands must cross His part." Church before He can crown it. The burden of Faulknor's suffering may have Prayer is an absolute need and no looked to outsiders like a tombstone work can be truly successful without it. hung around his neck. But in reality To those shut out from active participa- it was only a weight necessary- to keep tion in God's service by reason of ill- down the diver while he was collecting health, lack of education, or other hin- pearls. drance, it is a great joy to know that prayer is power and that it can be ex- "It is the late George Muller of Ihiserted by anyone of God's children, no tal, who tells of one of the pearls matter how humble or _ weak. In brought up from these depths of suf- fering. One day his vast enterprise on "Thinking Back," * Dan Crawford the Ashley Downs was down to zero for the orphans' 'daily bread,' but the tells a strong story illustrating this. dinner-bell rang in heaven and a much- "Here on the spurs of the Bunkeya needed gift arrived. Where did it co~ Hills, where Frederick Arnot first built

from? Mr. Muller says a sick mission- en!' On at least one occasion this verse ary from the wilds of Africa was the was brought home to me with peculiar donor-this man who had been shut up force.

in the interior, grievously, almost per- "Away off in the direction of Cum- manently disabled. Yet so grateful was bum, during one of my early tours, I this bodily wreck for a safe return to was tempted one day to shake off the England that he struck !lis slender bal- dust from my feet and go. With my 0 ance and poured it all at his Master's helpers I had camped in a new place, feet;" and had been trying hard to get the people to come and listen to the Gospel, "A VERY PRESENT HELP" but they would not. I concluded that PSALM 46. it was a hard place and told my staff of workers that we were justified in Psalm 46, called "Luther's Psalm" leaving it and moving on elsewhere.

because it was his help and stay during "Toward noon I went into mv tteennt~ the stormy times of the Reformation, closed down the sides, let the littie seems especially fitted to bring comfort punkah swing over ~y head and rested, in these dark days of sorrow. At his preparatory to startmg off for the °next second inauguration ,last March, Presi- place. Soon I began to hear the hum dent Wilson chose its opening words, of voices. But I took no special notice "God is our refuge and strength, a very because I had given up the place.

present help in trouble," as the passage "Just then a basket with supplies was to be kissed when he took: the oath of brought to my tent by a coolie who had office. walked all the way from Ongole, seven- To missionary workers the tenth ty miles, with the basket on his head. verse, with its assurance of the ultimate In the accompanying letter, Mrs. success of missions, should be a source Clough quoted my favorite verse to me. of strength. The very existence of the 'Be still, and know that I am God.' missionary enterprise seems threatened, While reading this, some of the preachbut it wiII surely triumph in the end. ers put their heads into the tent and It was this text that helped to carry said, 'Sir, there is a big crowd out °here ; Doctor John Everett Clough, the "Hero of Ongole," through his trying the grove is full; all are waiting for yet triumphant work for the Telugus you. Please come out.' vf India. In his autobiography, Social Christianity in the Orient,* he relates "Times of spiritual consolation lik~ this carne to me often, and I always took them as being sent by Jesus Himself."

– the following incident showing how it TURNING COWARDICE INTO helped 0 him one day: COURAGE "On my long tours 0 I left Mrs. DEuT. ~O: 1-9. Clough in charge of the compound and all that pertained to it. While thus Many will be surprised to learn that holding the fort, she followed me all in Bible times the Children of Israel over th~ district with baskets, carried were drafted for military service (Nurn. by coolies, containing water and bread 31: 1-6) and that there were Causes of and supplies, with my mail. And she exemption (Deut. 20: 1-9) as at the knew where my source of strength lay, present timoe. and what Bible verses to quote to me when I stood in need of encouragement. One of these causes was cowardice. All through my missionary career there The fearful and faint-hearted were was one verse that carried me farthest. turned back:. No coward was wanted in Itwas: 'Be still and know that I am the army of the Lord. God; I will be exalted among the heath- N or are cowards wanted at the pres- ent time. Yet many are finding it not ~ lI1acmjIlan ComPany: New YorI<o altogether easy to be brave in the face

of present conditions. "All of us need my bad deeds to him. I cannot endure a new baptism of courage and confidence that thing. I am of a peculiar cow- in these days," says The Christian Her- ardice!' And she looked at me with a ald. "Confidence in God who has be- kind of subdued agitatiol!-a reluctance, stowed such blessings in the past; c;ourage a wistfulness. ill our own hearts to go forward/' " 'Who gave your mother her peculiar There is no question about the need, courage?' I asked her, and she told me but how are we to meet it? Perhaps Zambe [God] had given it. Then we Jean Mackenzie's story of how the thought it 'would be useless to go to "peculiar cowardice" of Andungo. the Obam Ze until God had given Andungo girl wife of the old r.hief, Obam Ze, was something to go on. These things an' turned into a "peculiar courage" through past the endurance of trembling girls faith in Jesus Christ, may prove help- like Andungo. ful. She tells it as follows ill An A frican Trail: "It would be six weeks after this con- versation when Andungo came to see me "When one desires to become a person in my house, and she showed me her new of God, there are things to be done, dif- face. There was the face of a person ficult things. Young women must con- of God. Every African missionary win fess to brutal husbands the secrets of know what I mean. And she said in her their wild years, must suffer stripes and soft, hurried voice that God had given the outcry of the village. How strongly her courage, peculiar courage, so that God calls these girls. themselves can tell. she had endured to go to Obam Ze. One of the weakest of these, how well To him she had said that she could no I remember her reluctance I We were longer be a person of the world, she sitting in her brown hut, the hut near- was drawn to be a person of the tribe est old Obam Ze's palaver house, for she of God. And she must tell him all her was then his favorite. Andungo was in disobediences and some things of shame. her early twenties, pretty and gentle 'Go away I' said Obam Ze. 'Take away with that grace of manner which so your bad deeds, don't spoil my ears with much distinguishes many forest women. them, I cannot endure to ·hear them I'

"We had spoken of many things, the "This reluctance of Obam Ze is not things of the gardens and of the village. characteristic-other husbands have a I spoke at last of the things of the new peculiar courage with which to listen tribe-'Are you never drawn by these to the trembling confessions of the little things ?' I asked Andungo. There was new things, and there are women who then an agitation behind that young will carry the marks of these hours to face, a wistfulness and a reluctance. their dying days."

"She spoke softly with an exaggeration CONCERNING THE COLLECTION of caution. 'I am indeed drawn, every day I am drawn. The womeL of this HAGGAI 2:8; PSALM 50: 10, 12; PHIL.

village who are Christians, they speak 4:19. continually words that draw me. My heart agrees to their w:ords, and my Mary Slessor rarely worried about heart draws me. My mother is a per- money. She believed that God had unson of God, she speaks to me words that limited resources and would supply all draw me. But, ah, my friend I I am her need. The following paragraphs of a peculiar cowardice 1 My mother, from Mary Slessor of Calabar,* by she is of a peculiar courage; when she W. P. Livingstone, show how fully her was first drawn to become a Christian faith was justified: she just went to her husband and confessed her bad deeds and endured her "Money had no place in her interests; beatings and the talk of the village. But, she never thought of it except as a means ah, my friend! How could I bear to of carrying out her projects.· 'How I go to Obim Ze and open the word of * Doran: New York.

wish we could do without it I' she often "Several addresses had been delivered and the collection was announced. As is used to say. often the case, the audience drew a sigh "Her salary she counted as Church of relief and made a stir in changing positions. Some began to whisper and money and never spent a penny of it to carryon a conversation with those on herself except for bare living. 'You sitting near them. say,' she wrote to one giver, 'that you would like me to spend the money on "She stood it as long as she could, my personal comfort. Dear friend, I then rose and,' regardless of all the need nothing. My every want is met dignitaries about her, rebuked the audiand supplied without asking.' ence for their want of reverence. Were they not presenting their offerings to the "Her belief was thus expressed: Lord? Was that not as much an act of 'What is money to God? The difficult worship as singing and praying? How thing is to make men and women. could they then behave in such a thought- Money lies all about us in the world, less manner? There was something of and He can turn it on to our path as scorn in her voice as she contrasted theeasily as He sends a shower of rain.' way in which the Calabar converts pre- sented their offerings with that of the "Her faith was justified in a marvelous well-educated Edinburgh audience. way, for throughout all these years and When she sat down it was amidst proonwards to the end she obtained all she found silence. 'What a brave woman,' needed and that was not little. She re- was the thought of many." quired funds for extension, for building, for furniture, for teachers' wages, for ADDITION BY SUBTRACTION medicines, for the schooling of her children, and many other purposes. Yet JUDGES 7 :1-8 she was never in want. Nothing came from her people, for she would not ac- In these days when we have grown accept collections at first, not wishing to customed to thinking in large termsgive them the impression that the Gospel millions of men and billions of moneywas in any way connected with money. we are apt to place too much dependence It came from friends, known and un- on numbers. Yet in God's army it is quality, not quantity that counts. One known, at home and abroad, who were truly consecrated Christian, who puts interested in her and in her brave and himself wholIy at God's disposal and lets lonely struggle. There was scarcely a God work through him, is worth a mail that did nOt bring her money. hundred half-hearted ones who care mostly for themselves. This is the lesson "'It often happens,' she said once, God teaches through Gideon. Victory came not by adding to his forces, but by 'that when the purse is empty, imme- subtracting those not fit. diately comes a new instalment. God is superbly kind in the matter of money. At the present day true success can only come by the same process. At the I do not know how to thank Him. It close of her fine volume, Fifteen Years is wonderful how we ever fail In our Among the Top-Knots,* Mrs. Horace trust for a moment.' G. Underwood has put this striking paragraph: "On one occasion when she was a little anxious, she cried, 'Shame on you, "God placed an angel with a flaming Mary Slessor, after all you know of sword which turned every way at the Him!' " gate of Paradise…. Some of us are ready to pray that God would place To her, giving was an act of worship another such flaming sword at the gate and as such to. be engaged in with the of our mission fields, so that no man or same reverence as singing and prayer. On one occasion, tho excessively timid *American Tract Society, New York. and fearful in the presence of a crowd, she fearlessly rebuked an Edinburgh audience for their behavior while the collection was being taken up. Mr. Livingstone tells the story thus:

17] BEST METHODS

woman who could not or would not "If you inquire of the scientific, prac- brave a baptism of fire should enter. tical farmer who manages this great There is no more place on the mission estate, 'Where did this corn come from?'

field for the fearful and unbelieving than he will say, 'It was selected from our in heaven itself. Like Gideon's army, last year's crop. These are the best let the applicants be reduced till only the ears from over six 'thousand acres.' He resolute, the consecrated, those who be- will show you a machine with which he lieve in God, the people and themselves, takes off the imperfect grains at either are accepted for this mighty privilege, end of each ear. The picked grains of this high calling." these picked ears are to be used for plant- At home we need the same lesson. ing. He cannot afford to sow 'nub- In our eagerness to make things "go" bins.' ,He that soweth nubbins shall we sometimes entrust the Lord's work reap-corncobs.

to those not spiritually fit because they "The very highest service the corn have time, talent, education, prestige, can render is to be seed for the next money. Occasionally we go so far as year's crop.

to enlist aliens in the work-men and "'The Church of Christ needs the women who have not yet made their picked ears, carefully nurtured in the peace with God. best schools and institutions for train- , "The spirit of the Lord clothed itself ing them. Yet hear that youthful Jonah, with Gideon" (Judges 6:34, R. V. struggling with the call to 'go to that margin). God grant that only those great heathen city,' and murmuring, may engage in His service who, through 'How can I bury myself in China?' And His grace, are fitted for an honor like well-meaning but foolish friends are this. telling him, 'It would be a great waste THE GREAT SPIRITUAL of your brilliant talents.' PARADOX "'Buried,' did you say? That is what they are going to do with all that JOHN 12: 23-28 magnificent corn. That is what it A "corn of wheat" may be kept for was picked out for. It is worth bury- milleniums in perfect condition-witness ing. By and by there will be a great those found in the mummy-cases of resurrection and then a glorious har- Egypt~but it cannot bring forth fruit except it die. vest. Did not the Lord of the harvest say, 'Except a corn of wheat fall into This was Christ's teaching before He the ground and die, it abideth alone; went to His death in order that many but if it die it bringeth forth much might live and it is a lesson needed by fruit ?' Here is the great spiritual para- us all. In the following paragraphs dox that all nature joins with the Au- from The Evolution of New China,· thor of life in declaring: ' He that sav- William N. Brewster puts it in a way eth his life shall lose it, and he that los- that makes it very strong: eth his life for My sake, the same shall save it.' "In Northwest Iowa there is a great corn ranch. Among the ranch buildings "Wherever your life is spent, if fruit- is .a seed corncrib. It is a tight, double- ful, it must be buried. The only ques- tion is, Where? In what soil? The walled building with a furnace in the virgin soil of the Orient is the richest basement and the temperature is never in potential harvests. Has the Lord allowed to fall below forty degrees no of the harvest picked you, as a large, matter how cold the weather outside. full ear, fit for seed in the great fields The corn is laid upon racks away up of His planting? What higher honor .to the ceiling and the ears do not touch can you ask:? It is not death for which one another. Each ear is of the largest He has chosen you, but life; life persize and perfect in form. petuated, life multiplied, life enlarged • Eaton & Mains: New York, infinitely."

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

A FRIENDSHIP LEAGUE OF steadily succeeding. But we are not do- ing our part in furnishing this growing LITERATURE literate element with material for read- ing. If the literary output of all Wom- U NDER the auspices of a committee en's Missionary Societies in the Orient of our Federation called the "In- was distributed among the women of terdenominational Committee on Litera- those countries, it would average not fifture for Women and Children in Mis- teen pages annually. Would you like to sion Lands" (chairman, Miss Alice M. be limited to fifteen pages of wholesome Kyle, Congregational House, Boston, literature a year? Of course, some have Mass.), a delightful league for the more than others-but many who can young people of mission fields has been read have scarcely anything to read. formed. The impulse for this expression of Christian altruism came from the Can we, who depend so much on books following incidents of girls in India: and magazines for stimulus, food, in- struction and enjoyment, be willing to A little girl, Lilavati Singh, who, "eat our morsel alone?" though belonging to India, had learned English, once read "Little Women," What is true of the needs of India for by Louisa Alcott. She found in it a Christian reading is no less true of China world of fun and friendship, activity and and Japan. While India has many diainterests which she had never dreamed lects, practically the whole of China has actually existed or was possible for a girl. one written language. From Shanghai In later years, when Lilavati Singh be- to the borders of Tibet, and from Yuncame known in both hemispheres as a nan on the west to Manchuria and the leader among Oriental women, she gave boundaries of Siberia, the same books much credit to this book for stirring her may be used. Moreover, there is an inimagination and giving her the impulse creasing desire for Christian teaching. to make such a life possible for girls of This limitless field is practically un- India. touched so far as the women and chil- An Indian school girl, who has lately come in contact with Christianity for the dren are concerned. Miss Laura White first time through attending a Chris- writes of the eagerness with which the tian school, has been so interested in the women receive stories like "Ben Hur," work of Jane Addams, about which she or little pamphlets giving hints as to has read in magazines in the school li- home making and mother craft. Her brary, that she has made it her serious magazine, The Woman's Messenger, ambition "to be a Jane Addams for has a wide circulation and goes into India." many homes.

Do not these anecdotes point to a need In Japan, Miss Baucus, and Miss and an opportunity? Dickinson in Yokohama, have tried to reach Japanese girls and women with We are constantly lamenting that only uplifting tracts and stories. This is done one per cent. of the women and' girls of largely through private means, for here India can read and write. That is, in a also, the Mission Boards have given but population of girls and women equal to small sums for work: among women and . the whole population of North and children. A new enterprise is just start- South America, we have only as many ing there under the auspices of the Chris- . literate members as the population of the tian Literature Society of Japan, looking city of Philadelphia ! We are trying toward coordinated effort to bring hard to remedy this situation, and are wholesome and pure literature to thousands of eager-hearted Japanese women, Cut out this blank and mail it to Miss who are now reading immoral novels be- Alice M. Kyle, 14 Beacon Street, Boscause nothing else is offered them. ton, Mass. Checks should be made pay- able to Lila V. North, treasurer, and The Chinese and the Japanese revere sent to her address, Bradford Academy, the printed page. A Chinese coolie will Bradford, Mass. carefully pick up and preserve every fragment of newspaper he finds, A very special effort will be made to and the street in Tokyo, Japan, help children who join this League to with book stores lining each side,· where feel the attraction of its friendly service. thousands of French, German and English books are on sale, bears testimony to "What will the money do?" you ask. the fact that these nations are hungry A share of $1 provides for 3 copies of for literature. a magazine to be distributed free in India. One hundred such shares are They ask for bread, these Oriental necessary to insure the publication of the sisters of ours j shall we permit stones or magazine each year. $1 will provide poisoned food to be offered to them? four Chinese children with twelve num- Shall the low-grade French novel be bers of Happy Childhood, a small illustranslated into Chinese and Japanese be- trated magazine. fore our clean English fiction reaches them in Oriental garb? Shares of from $25 to $250 will make possible the translation of some such Here are practical suggestions offered book as "Pilgrim's Progress," "Ben Hur" to help us share the privilege of the (abridged), "Polyanna" (adapted) , printed page with the growing literate "Robinson Crusoe," and pamphlets on element among women and girls in all Health, Temperance, Hygiene, Housemission fields: hold Management, and similar helpful reading matter. MEMBERSHIP REGISTER A CRUSADE IMPERATIVE (Membership may be renewed each year) Adopted by the Executive Committee (Underline the statement you subscribe to, and of the Federation of Women's Boards of fill in the blank spaces as may be necessary) Foreign Missions of North America, October 5, 191 7. I. I wish to join the Friendship Library League by sending- RESOL UTION : The price of a book for a school or col- The Senate of the United States has lege library in some mission field. passed by more than two-thirds majority the Federal Amendment to the Constitu- A magazine for a school or college li- tion prohibiting the manufacture and brary in some mission field (mention sale of intoxicating liquors in the United name of magazine). States. The bill will come before the House of Representatives early in De- $ ………. , to be spent for a school or cember. If this bill passes the House college library in India, China or and is ratified by prohibition legislation Japan. in two-thirds of the States, the Federal Amendment becomes law. II. I wish to join the Publication League by taking- In view of the following facts: a. That the liquor traffic involves A share of $1.00 toward some Christian us in enormous taxation, ex- magazine printed on the' mission field. ceeding ten times the amount received from license revenue, A share of $25.00 (or $………. ) for and printing books or pamphlets in some b. That it is responsible for the use' Indian vernacular language, in Chi- of large amounts of grain which nese or Japanese. might be utilized for food', and A share of $…… '" for general pub· licity connected with the work of this League.

III. I wish to contribute to the Expense Fund $ …….. to be used as the Committee sees best.

Name ………………………… .

Address ………………………. .

Date …………………………. .

c. That our Government is morally DAY OF PRAYER responsible for enormous quanti- ties of rum exported to Africa OF OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S BOARDS and other foreign countries, FOREIGN MISSIONS We urge the women of our missionary societies to take immediate steps in local Friday, January the Ele'IJenth, Nineteen circles and union societies and Federa- tions to secure strong action on the part Hundred and Eighteen of the churches, missionary organizations, local bodies of men, and prominent T HE Executive Committee of the individuals, in favor of this Federal Federation of Women's Boards, at Amendment and of State legislation its meeting in New York City, October where it has not already been taken. 5, 1917, appointed Friday, January II, 1918, as a Day of Prayer for Foreign We recommend that such action be Missions. All Women's Missionary Ortelegraphed or written on or before De- ganizations-Denominational and Intercember 1st to Congressmen representing denominational-are requested to, obthe several States or districts from which serve it IN TRUTH as a DAY OF the communications are sent. PRAYER. Never was intercessory prayer more needed than today, when the The form of the telegram to be as world is full of suffering and sorrow. follows: The hours to be observed are from Representing (name of body). IO A. M. to 4 P. M., the noon hOlar be- ing optional. In the past, when the noon We earnestly request your vote in the hour has been set apart for a special seraffirmative for Federal Amendment to vice of humiliation and confession, rich the Constitution to prohibit manufacture blessings hav'e been the result. ' and sale of liquor in the United States. OUTLINE OF PROGRAM-TOPICS (Signed) …………….. . 10-11 A. M.-Praise and Thanksgiving. With the hope that a great united Scripture: Psalm 100 :1-5: Psalm 145 :1-10. movement may rid our land from the curse of drink and protect countries 11 A. M.-12 M.-Mission Work and Workwhere we are carrying the Gospel of ers in all lands. Scripture: Col. 4:2-4: Christ from the frightful devastation of Eph. 6 :18, 19 i 2 Thess. 3:1, 2. liquor sent from our country, we plead for immediate united action by all Wo- 12 M.-l P. M.-Prayer for the Spirit of Humen's Missionary Societies. miliation and Confession. Scripture: Jas. Let women in every city and town take the initiative in this campaign. 4:10; 1 Peter 5:5, 6 i Isa. 57:15 i Psalm Send the strongest possible message 51 :1-13. signed by voters. If material is. needed 1-1.30 P. M.-For Native Church and Union for mass meetings secure the pamphlet Colleges for Women. Scripture: Mark "Defeat or Victory," by Mee and 6 :34-37, first clause. Holden. We should learn by the tragic 1.30-2 P. M.-For Home Church. Scripture: mistakes of our Allies. The price of the John 17 :9-11, 15-26. pamphlet is 25 cents. Address, Ameri- 2-3 P. M.-For Nations at War. Scripture: can Issue Publishing Company, Wester- Isa. 32 :17, 18 ; Hosea 10 :12; Psalm ville, Ohio. 46 :8-11 i Isa. 2 :4. 3-3.30 P. M.-Young Women's Hour. Scrip- A course of four lectures on "WorId ture:EccI.12:1; Provo 8:17; Psalm 144:12. Friendship" is to be given in November 3.3H P. M.-Quiet Hour and Re-consecrain Providence, R. I., Yonkers, N. Y., and tion. Scripture: Jas. 4:8; Heb. 10:22 i Montclair, N. J. Churches of all de- Rom. 12:1 i 1 Chron.' 29 :5, last clause. nominations are uniting in this interest. We must Christianize international trea- The program will be published in full, in ties, and strengthen missionary giving. leaflet form, by the Central Committee. Afte-r the middle of November, order copies of Miss M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass. Price per 50 and 100 copies to Women's Boards at reasonable rates.

NOTB.-Please have above inserted in your denominational periodicals.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 94I

THE SISTER COLL~GE MOVE- been evidenced in the campaign plans of MENT the Sister College Movement.

MRs. MARY CARR CURTIS First, an arrest of thought comes with Student Secretary Woman's .Foreifl.n Mis- a Stock-taking Poster on the college bul- sionary Society, MethodISt EpIS- copal Church letin board-a girl who is spending $50 a year on "eats" and fun, and has (de- ' T ducting what she pays in tuition) an an- HE world-encircling chain of col- nual$2So gratis spent by the Univer- leges for women planne.d by ~ed,er­ sity on her education, gives 2Sc a year ated missionary leaders has given nse ~o for the girl without a college chance! Closely following the personal implia movement among women students In cation of such statements, dormitories America known as the "Sister Colleg;e Movement" which, even in its incipI- and campus are placarded with the Sister ency, is re,cognized as " on~f0 ~he I.m- College slogan, "Share Your Spending portant factors in promotmg mterna- Money!"

tional friendship." Various publicity schemes, including At a time when war cries fairly deaf- advertisements and articles in the college paper, prepare for the rally, whi.ch someened the world, twelve churches from times is a woman's mass meetmg or a four nations joined in founding the Wo- limtern-slide lecture; sometimes a Chimen's Christian College in Madrasthe first time in all history, we are t?ld, nese or India banquet or a Japanese tea party with all the "pep" and pretty ways when different nations and denom,?ations have actually joined in holding of college life. Pledges are usually taken pro perty! Ginling College, Nanking, and the Union College in Tokyo came s'heenrte~esfowllohwo eadrebyapapocratinovnaesds of the ablater as strong links in the chain. . to various Such adventures in faith and unaOlm- members of the missionary committee.

At Northwestern University last year ity have not failed to stir the soul of the a committee of ten, each with ten assistcollege student. ants, planned and carried out the cam- The challenge of the church is being paign. They held semi-monthly meet- ings of devotion,. business and discussion met by the college mind, the college throughout the year. Missionary litera- ture was read in preparation for their heart and the college pocketbook. . ' Even before the chapel bell rang Its first rapturous summons at Madras for work; educational posters planned; a the girls of South India, their college lantern-slide lecturt: arranged; pictures from Isabella Thoburn College and letwas the college of Ame~ican girls, ~nd ters from its Y. W. C. A. officers dishigh in the halls of quamt old CarlIsle hung the legend, "Dickinson girls for tributed; a leaflet printed to give each girl as she paid her pledge, and a scrap- India girls." book record pf the committee work made It was in April, 1915, at De Pauw for the benefit of future committees. University, that three splendid resolu- While $600 for Isabella Thoburn 'tions were passed-the Magna Charta College- was a welcome contribution to of the Sister College Movement: the treasury of the Methodist Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, of even I. That 'a college in the Orient ~e taken as a Sister College in a really SIS- greater value to that Board is the trainterly way. ing of one hundred young women as II. That the plan be presented to missionary workers. every girl in college. Of inestimable value to the cause of III. That contributions be asked on missions is the attitude of students who the "share-your-spending-money" plan. realize intellectual and moral equality The scientific, systematic side of the with those they are helping. Missionary American college girl, which goes along work is not Lady Bountiful tossing a few with her big heart and love of fun, has pennies to "poor" miserable, sufiering

heathen," nor is it merely satisfying curi- Movement, paper SOc, cloth $1.00.) Sherosity about "those queer girls over wood Eddy. ~apter III, Student Life in there." It finds a basis of respect for an Japan. Appendix Band C. Chapter VI. Oriental neighbor, even "as thyself," and mission study classes appear in a new NAMIKO, a realistic nove1.-(Yura Kusha, light. Tokyo, about 30c.) Toku Tomi. These books may be ordered from The Thirty-five Methodist colleges are now affiliated with seven colleges in the Methodist Book Concern, 740 Rush St., Chi- Orient. In colleges of other denomina- cago, III. tions, the plan has started and colleges like Smith, which pledges $1,000 an- GINLING COLLEGE, NANKING, CHINA. nually for the Chair of English Literature and History in Ginling College, PAMPHLETS. while not using the nomenclature, might be counted in the Movement. Ginling College, 1915.-Presbyterian Mis- Further information may be had by sionary Press. addressing the writer at Carralta Place, Salem, Ohio. Bulletin of Ginling College, Announce- BOOKS FOR THE SISTER COL- ment, 1915. Issued by Board of Contro1.

LEGE CAMPAIGN Constitution of Ginling College, 1915.

EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN.-(ReveIl, "Starting A College In China."-Mn. $1.25). Margaret E. Burton. Lawrence Thurston, Shanghai.-American EVOLUTION OF THE JAPANESE.-(ReveIl, $2.00). Sidney L. Gulick. Incomparably the best Presbyterian Missionary Press, 1915. exposition of Japan's evolution and na- tional character, as weIl as of its people, Ginling College, Report of the President that has been published in any western tongue. pp. 463. 1915-16. May, 1916, Nanking, China. '

SUNRISE IN THE SUNRISE KINIlDOM.-(Mission- MAGAZINES. ary Education Movement. SOc. pp. 233.) John H. DeForest. Brief and interesting Bulletin of the Federation of Woman's text-book, intended primarily for church Boards of Foreign Missions (now depart- young people's classes; useful statistics. ment of Missionary Review of the World).

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN THE JAPANESE EM- October, 1914 ……………… page 15-16 PIRE.-(Missy. Education Movement. $1.2S. June, 1915 ………………… page 6- 7 pp. 371.) 1916 Year Book Japan Confer- June, 1916 ………………… page 10-13 ence of Federation Missions. July, 1916 ………………… page 7. 9 October, 1916 ……………… page 12 CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN THE EAST; being addresses delivered at a Con- Woman's Missionary Friend: ference of University Women at Oxford, Sept. 4-10, 1912. London Student Chris- October, 1915 •.•••.•…….. page 351-353 tian Movement, 1912. pp. 160. February, 1916 .•…•……. page 51 June, 1916 ……………… page 203 .WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERN LANDS.- October, 1915 ………….. .. (Macmillan Co.) Helen Barrett Montgom- April, 1911 ………………. page llS ery. Chapter V, The New Woman of the Orient. SOc. The Missionary Review of the World: June, 1917, page 460-462. -THE KING'S HIGHWAY.-(Central Commit- tee United Study of Foreign Missions, INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP West Medford, Mass. SOc). Helen Bar- rett Montgomery. Chapter VI" The Hid- CARDS FOR CHRISTMAS den Leaven. "A PRAYER FOR WORLD FRIENDSHIP." By -Dux CHRISTus.-(MacmiIlan Co. SOc). Harry Emerson Fosdick. William Elliott Griffis. Contains outline map, themes for study or discussion, book "A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE FOR WAR TIMI!.n lists. By Lucy W. Peabody. Price S cents each. Purchase in quantity. *These books will be donated by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, if not SPECIAL HELPS FOR PASTORS AND OTHER already in your library. CHRISTIAN WORKERS-A STUDY COURSE THE STUDENTS OF ASIA.-(Student Volunteer "A New Era in Human History." 10 cents. A four weeks' study of world reconstruc- tion suited for Prayer Meetings, Adult Bible Classes and Men's Groups.

"Helps for Leaders of Discussion Groups." 15 cents.

Package of Additional Helps. 25 cents. Issued by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America and The World Alliance for International Friend- ship, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

fROM

EUROPE try, where the new draft army is under- going training. It is intended, further, British and German Missions so far as funds permit, to open Salva- tion Army rest rooms in every city near SPEAKING in the United Free a camp site or where soldiers in large Church Assembly Mr. J. H. Old- numbers are quartered in armories.

ham, of Edinburgh, alluded to the effect The MeAll Mission of the war on missions generally, and observed that. the work of British mis- REV. GEORGE T. BERRY, Amersions had been maintained unimpaired. The extent of the mission work of the ican secretary of the MeAll Mis- Protestant churches of Germany was larger than was generally realized. The sion, writes from France: total work of German Protestant missions was roughly about three times as "The more I see of the work: of our large as the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church missions combined. beloved mission, even in these days of Mr. Oldham, in speaking of the situation created in the Gold Coast by the tragedy and sorrow, the more my own removal of the German missionaries from Basel, said that the Government faith in its future deepens and expands. had written to the Foreign Missions Committee asking whethet the Commit- The station at Rouen I have never seen tee could take over the work if the Basel Mission had to come to an end, or more absolutely alive nor its devoted whether they would be willing to cooperate with the Swiss part of the Mis- director more in earnest, and this despite sion if it could be reorganized on a basis satisfactory to the Government. A dep- the absence of a score of helpers who are utation of their missionaries in Calabar had visited the Gold Coast and had writ- serving as volunteers among the army of ten of the great opportunity that was now presented there and expressed the nurses or actually at the front with the hope that the Church would rise to a new sense of responsibility in the matter. colors. At least 10,000 refugees from Salvationists at the Front the north and from Belgium have found OVER $900,000 had been spent by shelter, food, clothes and friends in our the Salvation Army in France and big SoIidarite at Rouen, and the 'Femi- Great Britain in the construction and maintenance of more than 200 rest nine Group' continues to' sew and sew rooms, 183 hutments, 70 hostels and 35 ambulances before America entered and sew for their loved ones on the batthe war. At the beginning of August, the first American contingent of Salva- tle line, or for the still poorer ones all tionists, consisting of twenty officers, sailed to begin work among the Ameri- about them. And it is the friends in can soldiers in France. America who have made this service pos- Army huts and rest rooms have also been opened and are being opened at sible." . many of the cantonments in this coun- Mr. Berry speaks of Paris as being "so sadly familiar, yet strange," with sad faced women in black blouses standing at the motors of the tramways, collect- ing fares in the crowded cars or wash- ing down the streets with hos;. Men on crutches, with arms in sI.ings or bandaged eyes, are on every corner. The mission meetings for women are well attended though, and have gone on without inter: ruption."

Gipsy Smith in France GIPSY SMITH, who has been at . work: in France under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, recently wrote: • "The leaders of a large majority of

the huts in France are clergymen, whose During the past year I received in my churches have loaned their services for own home about 24,000 patients. All a period to do this work. That means had opportunity to hear the Gospel. a closer sympathy on the part of the Many took the New Testament and Church for the Association movement tracts which were offered to them i a and a new respect on the part of the spirit of in:quiry was manifested and we men, for the clergy. hope soon to be able to see definite fruit.

"The Association is, by its army work, "The work in Lodz, a city in Russian proving itself to be a communication Poland, harboring 170,000 Jews, has trench for the churches. My message to been carried on uninterruptedly during the American Association movement is the past year. Missionary Kohl writes that it should put all it has into the work that the visitors at the Bible Depot were -money, brains and heart. The boys are no fewer than during the year before, built of big stuff, and they are worthy yet the number was a good deal smaller of far more than we can ever give them than before the. war." or do for them. The more we do and give, the greater will be the harvest." MOSLEM LANDS IN ASIA Chinese Coolies in France The Refugees' Problem D R. JAMES F. COOPER, of FOG- M ISS BUTTERFIELD, an Amer- chow, China, has gone to France, ican missionary in Jerusalem, tells with his Chinese medical assistant and of having received many pitiful appeals four nurses, to look after the health and from representatives of the thousands of comfort of some 3,000 Chinese coolies, Armenian refugees who were living east who are working for the Allies behind of the Jordan under the open sky, with the lines. Knowing their language and scanty clothing and almost no food. their ways, and desiring to do his full Some of the men who came to her had share in the great struggle, he offered been deacons in American missio'n himself for this service when the British churches in their own cities. One of authorities called for a medical volun- these said: teer. He conducted his strange army across the Pacific, across Canada, across "I have been sent by our members to the Atlantic, and now he is their Good you for advice. We have no home. Our Samaritan in France. What an illustra- food and clothing are insufficient. Many tion of the far-reach of the war, its rami- are dying of starvation. 'IUousands of fications into the distant parts of the our people in Armenia have been cast earth! And what a testimony it is of into the river. Some have been collected the readiness of the missionaries to turn in rooms, and after being covered with their hands to. any service which comes oil, have been burned to death. Thoualong! sands have died on the roadside as we were fleeing. Our wives and beautiful Missions to Jews in Russia girls are being carried off into harems. What shall we do? We have been D R. FOHWEIN, a representative of promised food if we will change our re-' the Society of Friends of Israel at ligion. Shall we turn or starve? Can work in Wilna, Russia, writes: you not help us in some way?" "What could we say?" says Miss Butterfield. "The work during the past year was "There was but one reply we knew to chiefly a work of love and consisted of make. It was this: 'Go back and tell healing the sick, feeding the hungry, and your friends that if they die with Chirst comforting the unfortunate, and this op- they will be happier than if they live portunity was always used to point to without Him.''' She concludes : "We Him Who was an example for this ser- have heard of many who stood true to vice 'of love. To this we must add the Christ in the face of extreme suffering. biblical lectures, which, by permission of On the other hand, many have been unthe authorities, we could take up again. able to stand the test and are nominally,

FROM MANY LANDS ,945

·at least, bearing the name of the religion from ripening crops, living unsheltered on stones, indescribable rags, starvation, of their oppressors." sickness and filth, human beings in state The Wa'r in Bible Lands of oriental street dogs with whom they compete for offal. Work already done "T HE course of the present war," by Americans for Armenians, Syrians, writes a contributor to the Sun- and Assyrians is national triumph, but day School Times, "has already carried vastness of continuing need is overus over the whole range of human his- whelming. Turkish speaking re-inforcetory from Genesis to Revelation. Th<:: ments and field reorganizations on larger first attack on Bagdad brought the loca- scale necessary. Congregational Presbytion of the Garden of Eden into our terian Mission Turkey, Persia vindidaily telegrams, ;md made us look up the cated by brilliant present service of ABC nations of antiquity-Assyria, Aemricans and trained helpers. Babylonia, and Chaldea. The attempted invasion of Egypt carried us back to (Signed) "ELLIS-BEURY."

Egypt; and now the counter attack ot A Substitute for a Doctor Egypt carries us into Sinai, through the Desert of Exodus, and into the Holy T HE Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson, Land. The tragedy of Greece, through of Meshed, not a physician, is at- her king now expelled and the Allied tempting in a small way to give medical force at Salonica, lead us into the almost assistance to the people with whom he unexplored scenes of the Book of the is working. He writes: "Our friends Acts and the early centuries of Christian' who know that we are not physicians church history. All Bible lands-:-Asia wonder at this, but we only have one Minor, Mesopotamia, Persia and Egypt, medical missionary in all Khorasan (on with Syria and Palestine, the Holy Land the border of Afghanistan) as big ill itself-have resounded to the tread of actual territory as either France or advancing or retreating armies, and ly- Germany. Dr. Hoffman is kept busy ing as they do at the juncture of tht' at his little hospital at Meshed, but three continents of Europe, Asia, and with his co-operation, we fitted out a Africa, these Bible lands must continue small medical case and when we cannot to be a battleground for the powers who help the sick we try to send them to the are warring for the extension of their hospital. As I am writing, an invitapossessions, or spheres of influence in the tion has come from Afghans themselves most remote portions of the habitable for us to itinerate in their country with globe." a doctor." But there is no doctor to send! From Eye Witnesses T HE American Committee for Ar- Mission Property Destroyed menian and Syrian Relief sent two DETAILED reports from Rev. Dr.

commissioners, William T. Ellis and E. E. Lavy deal with the prospects Charles H. Beury, who went at their of reopening the work of the Church own expense to investigate conditions in Missionary Society in Bagdad. The en- Persia and the Russian Caucasus. The tire equipment of the hospital has been following cablegram, dated October 9, lost, with the exception of a portion of has been received from them: the building, which is still intact. The "If what we saw to-day in Sunni house, in which were stored the goods, Mosque U rumia could be transplanted not only of the Mission and the mission- ten hours westward to Madison Square, aries, but also of most of the Europeans New York, every newspaper in America in the city, has been looted; even the would ring with story of most abject iron bars have been taken from the win- spectacle in world at war and millions dows; while the bricks, wood and other for relief would follow straightway. things prepared for the new hospital Refugees from mountain villages, driven have been stolen. Practically the whole

of the school equipment likewise has were the merciless persecutions that oc- vanished. curred. But finally the District Super- intendent of Police proposed that a suit- INDIA able village where there was arable land be made available for settlers, and that Freed'from Fear of Devils all of this criminal tribe, who desired to live a new life of honesty, be invited to F RIGHTENED by visions of devils,a come and settle in this village under the Chinese woman, her husband and 7 special care and oversight of a Christian I:hildren moved from one house to another pastor and teacher. Gradually the news in the Chinese quarter of Rangoon, Bur- of this admirable arrangement spread and mah. She went to the Joss House to whole families soon began to move to the worship and brought idols from there to village and take up land. A house for her home; put up devil papers and made the pastor was erected and he began the offerings, etc., but all in vain. The dev- work of instruction and spiritual leaderils would not let her sleep. The nerv- ship. The result has been almost pheous strain was too much for her health nomenal. Evening prayers have for a and, utterly miserable in mind and body, long time now been the daily feature of she came to Kim Tin, a Chinese woman this unique Christian community. The who has taken hospital training. This Hindu and Mohammedan police officers wise little nurse not only took her to a recognize the change in the lives of these good doctor, but also began telling her people, and ask the missionaries, "How of God's Son, Jesus Christ, who came did you do it?" into the world for the purpose of delivering all who trust in Him from the Giving Up Idolatry power of devils. The woman was attracted by her words and came every T HE people of Lahore, India, are day to report her state of health and to getting more of a conscience about hear more of this good news. Kim Tin idolatry than ever before," writes Mrs. told her that she ,must trust God, not F. M. Vilson, a missionary of the idols, and that she must clear lier house of any tokens of idolatry. So the wom- M. E. Church. "I wish it were PQSan returned all the idols she had borrowed from the Joss House, tore down sible for you to be present on one the devil papers and cleaned the house. occasion, such as we frequently have, This was the beginning of a new life of when all the people of a caste decide t& freedom and peace. give up idolatry. They gather together and after final discussion, decision A Community of Former Thieves and prayer, the leaders demolish the public shrine. It is interesting to watch A CRIMINAL tribe of Hindus,whose the expression on the faces of the existence was largely one continual people. With some it is one of triumph, round of thieving, getting caught and with others a sort of grim determinaimprisonment, seemed almost hopeless tion, and with a few there is sometimes material to the first mission workers who a look of lingering fear, lest the spirit went among them; and even when a few which they have believed for so many did come to the point of desiring baptism, years has resided in that shrine may have it was found that their motive in it all power to injure them." was that the Mission might be able to secure them immunity from punishment Child-Murder to Appease Gods for their crimes. Still, the work went on and gradually the truth of the Gos-' A CALCUTTA daily paper repel began to sink down into their hearts. cently reported a trial in which Some began to give up stealing and went three women and their Guru (religious to farming, but the police refused to be- preceptor) were charged with killing lieve in their good intentions and many two little boys. The act of murder was perpetrated by the women at the insti-

FROM MANY LANDS

gation of the' Guru to appease the gods, SIAM AND ANNAM with the assurance that, after having ONE been offered as meat, the children The Bible for the Kamoo People would be found alive again! The jury ?f the large. tribes in French in the case found a verdict of murder terntory bordenng on the King- against the Guru and the mother of the dom of Siam is that of the Kamoos.

children. In some reflections on the Four years ago a young Kamoo man incident, an Indian missionary, Rev. came. for treatment to the Presbyterian G. P. Barss, of Tekkali, says: HOSPItal at Lakawn, Siam. While un- "As long as there is a country where der treatment, he was converted, and such crimes may be committed in thl! when he was finally allowed baptism, he name of religion, and where the biog- could read and pray and had brought raphies of their gods allow the people two of his fellow tribesmen to accept to think that theft, licentiousness of the Christ as their Savior. Now he limps worst types, cruelty and murder are of- only slightly and travels with great vim ferings acceptable to them, just so long and energy. He has proven himself a good evangelistic worker, not only does that land most urgently need the among his own people, but among the Lao as well. revelation of God as it is in Jesus Christ." The Kamoo people have no religion The Agricultural Missionary other than spirit worship. They have no written language, so when it was sug- M RS. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM gested that through this young Kamoo is a great help to her husband in man a translation of the Bible for that his remarkable agricultural enterprise in tribe be begun, the Lao written character Jumna, not only by her sympathy with was chosen for the purpose. The transhis work, but in her dispensary, where lation work is most laborious, but the she ministers to over thirty patients wife of the head physician assists, and every morning. She writes in The there is a Lao scribe. When the trans- Presbyterian: lation is read to the Kamoo men who come to the hospital for treatment, they "The farm grows in popularity so fast are delighted with it and want the work that missionaries who said five years ago hurried up, we could never get students are now beg- ging us to tuck a pet protege in some- where so he can get an agricultural Siamese Learn to Listen IT training. Several such have had to-be is a never-ceasing wonder to the turned away in spite of our two new dormitories, built since going horne. Re- missionary in Siam to see the people quests come for agricultural advice from of the villages listen attentively while he rich and poor, high-caste and low-caste. is preaching. Preaching they are used to, Our American farm machinery is in but not to listening. For many cen~ great demand, and better still, the na- turies it has been the custom among the tive ruling princes' are constantly ask- Siamese Buddhists to take their offering ing to borrow the agricultural mission- to the temple and put it down, then go aries for whom they are willing to pay off into some corner and talk to groups double expenses, and allow them to of friends and acquaintances about the preach in their States, where mission- price of food or the last murder in their aries have never been allowed before. neighborhood while the priest preaches My husband is to sit on an Advisory at the top of his lungs in Bali, a lan- Agricultural Council called· by the Gov- guage which even he himself cannot un- ernment to suggest plans for the devel- derstand.

opment of scientific agriculture in ~n­ But there is something in the Chris- dia." tian religion that they can really un- [The story of Mr. Higginbottom's work for derstand and believe, and in many places India was graphically told in the REVIEW for April, 1916] the whole viIlage, except the few per-

sons told off to watch the houses, will sit cured the position of physician in the.

in the missionary's tent and listen earn- Government's women's dispensary at estly at each meeting for many days. Koukong, a city between Hongkong and Rev. Paul A. Eakin, afPetchaburi, re- Canton. Here she worked five years cently visited seven different villages and and her many good deeds are much at every place, there is no organ or talked of. Her assistance to the local graphophone or stereopticon to draw the' church, both as an evangelist and as a crowds, but simply announced that there truStee, did much for its success. Money would be preaching, and young and old and honors came to her, but through all were there. she remained the modest, gentle lady her childhood had promised. Formerly, when CHINA one asked parents to sen<i their girls to Conversions in Canton College school, the answer was likely to be, "Who can teach a sweet potato any- S PECIAL services, whic~ were hel~ a thing?" or, "Girls can't learn." But . few months ago in Canton ChrIs- since Dr. Wen graduated and won ijIld tian College, had most gratifying re- held the position she has in a strange sults. The preacher for both meetings city, no one has dared to cast further was the Rev. Frank Lee, of the Bap- reproach on women's education. tist Mission. Mr. Lee was born and reared in America, and combines in his Consequences of a Temple Fire preaching much of the intelligence, I N Fenchow, Shansi Province, China, strength, and earnestness of our best where the American Board has a Western Christianity with a very deep station, there was a big fire in a temple love for his fellow-countrymen in China. some time ago. I t began while 1,500 At the close of a very earnest and ap- people were crowded into the courtyard pealing address on Sunday mormng, Mr. and the men stampeded, leaving the Lee called upon those who were pre- women and children behind, so that pared to accept Christ and give their over sixty were trampled upon and lives to His service to confess their de- killed or injured. The police all ran cision by rising. Without a moment's away, but after a hard fight, the mission- hesitation forty-seven students stood up aries kept the fire from spreading to in all parts of the hall. the native houses and managed to ex- tinguish the flames in the end of the Six others later made the same' deci- sion, bringing the total up to fifty-three. temple where the gods, "The Judges ot , Arrangements were made at once to con- nect the converts with the various Hell," lived. They "saved" these gods, churches in Canton. Special classes were but not without damage to their false also formed for them, so that their faces and bead decorations and finally, Christian life may be strengthened and as the people drew near, the missionaries rightly directed, especially in its early could not resist the temptation of point- stages. The result of these meetings is ing to the sorry plight of these deities, a great encouragement and inspiration to sitting among the ruins of their temple.

the teachers and the Christian students, The next day the magistrate sent the and it cannot fail to strengthen the re- thanks of the city to the missionaries and ligious life of the college. the Chinese church members who had A Chinese Woman's Success helped, together with a contribution for the sufferers from the fire, who were D R. JANE WEN, a Chinese woman being cared for in the mission hospital. physician in South China, has re- Then the temple managers invited the cent1y died at the untimely age of twen- Americans to a feast, and the Chief of ty-nine. She was a village girl with an Police arranged for the missionaries to unquestionable thirst for knowledge. conduct preaching services in the temple She gradually worked her way up to the court, in order that the people might Hackett Medical School, graduated, se- learn the "Jesus doctrine." These ser-

FROM MANY LANDS

vices went on with great success and since she is one of a few women of his were extended into the suburbs. Two own race that realizes and undertsands thousand pieces of Christian literature his peculiar aspirations. Her slightest were placed in the shops of the city. pre-nuptial wish is law."

New Work in South China Evangelism in Manchuria T HE Tai speech of Indo-China, R EV. D. c. DAVIDSON writes spoken by as many in South China from Hulan, Manchuria: as in Siam, is one of .the great languages "There is at present in China a of Asia. . The Cantonese in China are steadily rising spiritual tide. The week of evangelism at Chinese New Year was of the Tai race, of one blood with the observed throughout the country, pracpeople of Siam, and Canton is his- tically every member taking part. Here torically a Tai city, so that the traveler, our week: stretched out to a fortnight. familiar with the Tai speech, hears at Every morning we met at the chapel for least a third of the Cantonese talking prayer, from haH-past nine to ten. Then much as do their neighbors in Siam. we all, loaded up with Gospels and other Scripture portions and tracts, Counting the Cantonese people as Tai formed up in the main street in proin speech as well as in race, tht; T ai cession. A bell-ringer went in front, reach the grand aggregate of nearly sixty then two men each carrying a huge flag; million people. To reach them-especial- then a man with a square canvas inly the five to ten millions in South China scribed in Chinese, 'Hulan Christian -workers must be sent among them Church Veek of Evangelism Execuwho can speak in the Chinese tongue. Efforts to reach them in Chinese have tive.' Then there were five men carry- irig £lags on which were the characters failed, but so far no Board has been able to open up a definite work for these people. The missionaries who have 'Loved,' 'Gave,' 'Believeth,' 'Perish' learned the Tai speech are peculiarly (this was painted in black, the others in fitted for the task, and the Presbyterian red), 'Life'-the five leading ideas from aoard opened in the early part of this John iii. 16. Off we went, singing the year the first station of the North Siam . hymn 'The Kingdom of God has come.' Mission at Chiengrung, in Yunnan Every few hundred yards a halt was made, the crowd gathered round in three province of Southwestern China. or more groups, and as many speakers Education vs. Plural Marriages began addressing them. Then the bell- ringer moved on again, after a few A RECENT writer in the Far minutes, and the procession followed. This went on till between two and three . Eastern Review points out the P. M.; it took: eight days to do the whole effect of Western education on the city in this manner. Then each day at Oriental custom of plural marriage, and five we met in the chapel, which was especially the influence of the Young elaborately illuminated for the occasion, Men's and Young Women's Christian outside and in;·and preaching to the Associations in bringing about the heathen went on till nine o'clock.- change. Record of United Free Church of Scot- land. "Marriages among the returned girl students take place soon after they reach JAPAN-CHOSEN China again and scarcely one nuptial is drawn between two foreign educated Chinese that does not contain an agree- War Times in Japan ment, either explicit or tacit, that the REV. DAVID S. SPENCER, of wife shall be the only wife so long as the Methodist Mission in Nagoya, she shaH live. The wife with foreign Japan, notes these four elements in the education is a precious thing in China effect of the war on missionaries in in the eyes of the returned student, Japan: ( 1) The 'rise in the cost of liv-

ing and its effect upon all our work: as Such conditions result from the fact missionaries. For example, the cost of that Japan is developing rapidly in all building has more than doubled since the superficial elements of civilization, last year. (2) The new lines of activi- but without the corrective influence of ties which we are called upon to under- Christian principles. It is for the church- take in the interests of our sons and • es of Christendom to say whether this brothers on the French front, and our condition shall persist, leaving Japan to Allies in Mesopotamia. (3) The re- develop a pagan civilization that will ligious awakening manifest in Japan, to- shame and threaten the world.

gether with such a scramble for money among certain classes as we have never Fruits of a Revival before seen in this land. To meet this new demand, we are ill-prepared. Now IN Ong Nang Hi in Chennampo, that Japan is all open, we must, as a Korea, the old mud-walled, mud- Church, not be found unfaithful to our floored, thatch-roofed church is miserably trust. Advocates of a strong national- inadequate. Both money and work; istic campaign are pushing Shintoism were needed to start a new building.. with all their might, and Buddhism, Then a revival spread all over the disawakening to the meaning of the crisis, trict and Christians became enthusiastic is redoubling its efforts. But with un- over building a new church. 1 he pastor flinching faith on the part of the Chris- said, "I do not think if all the congretian Church, we need not doubt as to gation owns was sold,' it would bring the outcome. Christianity has, on the 300 yen." Yet these revived Christians whole made a mighty impression upon subscribed a total of 250 yen. One Japan, and we shall win if we fight on. woman went to the moulltains for a e4) The missionaries are also making week, gathered wood and, carrying it a contribution to the war of sixty-five into the village, sold it in the street. husbands, brothers, sons and daughters. Three other women cut off the long~ black hair of which they were vain and Factory Slavery in Japan sold it.

GALEN FISHER, in "The Chris- The revival produced another re- tian Movement in Japan/' draws markable effect. Forty men went to the seacoast to bring in timbers for the a terrible picture of the exploitation of church, but they could not budge the girls in Japanese factories. There are .great logs. In discouragement they 471,877 women and girls employed, went b;tck to the village. Here they which is 56 per cent. of the personnel fasted and prayed for three days. At of these establishments. Sixty-four per length a great spiritual revival came; cent. are under twenty years of age, they returned to the seacoast and from and of these, twenty-three per cent are thirty to sixty men moved the logs, and under fourteen years. Hours range from almost before they knew it, the timbers twelve to sixteen in silk and weaving were in the site for the new church. factories, and night work is common.

A Not infrequently the ~irls eat their rice How Korean Women Give while tending their machines, for to take PRESBYTERIAN woman misthe allotted time would incur the ill-will ()f the foreman. The weighing of 1,350 sionary in Syen Chun, Korea, girls after a night shift showed an aver- writes that the native Christian women, age loss of weight of one and a half who make up the Women's Missionary poy-nds, and in the succeeding day shifts Society, are supporting twelve out of this weight is not recovered. Wages the eighteen missionaries who are at run from 26 to 31 yen a day (say 14 work under that presbytery. She says: cents), which is a little more than one- "I have been interested in hearing how half what is paid to male factory they get the money, for Korean women workers. have no money. One young woman

FROM MANY LANDS 95

whose family wouldn't let her have ber was 473, in 1906. Last year, in money for the missionary society got ten spite of the war, 772 sailed for the eggs and gave them to a poor woman field. These missionaries have included nearby; when the chickens were big ordained men, laymen, educationalists, enough to sell, they divided the profits doctors and Y. M. C. A. workers. The and both became members of the mission- women include the wives, unmarried ary society. One old lady wanted to be- teachers, physi~ians and Y. W. C. A.

long here but couldn't earn anything secretaries.

and hadn't a thing to sell. Her brother While these figures may seem large thought she needed a new skirt and. gave to those who have a small idea of the her one yen. 'Joy!' says the old lady, importance and value of missionary 'I don't need a new slcirt, I'll give my work, they are disgracefully small com- money to the missionary society.' " pared with the number of men and women who have arisen to the call of NORTH AMERICA their country to serve in the European TSunday-schools and the Syrians war. More men have volunteered in one day in America for war service than HE Christian Sunday-school chil- all the men arid women who have gone dren of the world are uniting in a to foreign mission fields in the last four- plan to help the suffering children of the teen years. As Mr. F. P. Turner, the lands to which Christ first came. The Secretary of the Student Volunteer Sunday-school War Council, which com- Movement, says: "Evidently the ma- bines the interests of the International jority of the 20,000,000 Potestant Sunday School Association, the Sunday Church members do not take seriously School Council of Evangelical Denomi- their responsibility to evangelize the nations and the World's Sunday School world." Will they -learn a lesson from Association, is issuing an appeal to the the lavish expenditure of men and money 20-miIlion Sunday-school children of the in the present war?

world to make a Christmas offering for Work for Soldier Boys the starving children in Armenia and Syria. It is hoped that a fund of T HE Methodist Board of Home Missions has set out to raise $250,- $1,000,000 will be raised before Christ- 000 to provide facilities for re-enforcing mas. Methodist chaplains in the camps, and Methodist churches around the camps. The American Red Cross in Wash- The plans for the Michigan camp, for ington has establishe<1 a special Sunday- example, illustrate what it is proposed school department to reach millions of to do. There are 36,000 men there and Sunday-school children through the various religious bodies.

Fourteen Years of Recruiting the Young Men's Christian Association has some forty workers in it, with half OVER 8,500 new Protestant mis- a dozen buildings. Every day 6,000 sionaries have gone out from North recruits out on leave, will flock to the America to the foreign mission field dur- neighboring towns, Battle Creek, Kala- ing the past fourteen years. Five thou- mazoo, etc., with time and money to sand of these have been women-in- spend. A large proportion will be lads cluding 2,122 wives of missionaries. from Methodist homes. It is proposed This in itself is an evidence of the very to have at least one Methodist church valuable work that the Student Volun- always open, as a rendezvous where teer Movement has done, for most of these boys, their mothers and friends, these recruits have been enlisted through will be welcome, and will find "some- the efforts of this Movement. The larg- body who cares." Of course, there will est number sent out in anyone year be "meetings"–evangelistic, social, en- was in 1912, when 800 missionaries tertaining, with the best speakers and went to the field. The smallest num- other features that can be secured-but

the object of it all will be to befriend tian work in their native land. Pastor.

the soldier, as the folks' at home would Feder, who, was exiled by the former like to have him helped~ Russian Government, is now free to re- turn to Petrograd, but he believes that Winning Souls in New York he can serve his country best by remain- ing in America for a time to train pas- T HE work on the streets of the tors and teachers, who will carry the Bronx during the summer outdoor message of Life to New Russia. Roman evangelistic campaign of the National and Greek Catholics and Jews are re- Bible Institute of New York has been ceived into the school, where they are most encouraging to all who have the ad- taught English and other branches in vancement of Christ's Kingdom at heart. addition to Bible instruction. The men In the interval between April 11 and live at small expense and the school is October 11 more than 36,000 men and dependent on free will offerings for sup- ,women of the Bronx have heard the port.

Gospel message as it has been proclaimed each day at the outdoor meetings held by LATIN AMERICA the workers of the Institute at its Bronx Influence of Mexican Protestants Gospel Hall, 499 East 153rd Street. Of this number, 614 have professed to ac- R EV. w. A. ROSS writes in The cept Christ as their personal, Savior. In Christian Ohseroer: "For some connection with the Bronx Gospel Hall, yeilfS Protestants in Mexico have influ- there are two indoor Sunday-schools. enced public and social life in a way far The regular school has an enrollment of beyond .what their numerical strength a little more than 200, while the Italian would cause one to expect. This influschool is new and has a membership of ence has been exerted in a larger way, 125. Of the 25 teachers engaged in perhaps, through the public schools these schools, many are from among the taught by Protestant teachers than in converts of the Hall. any other way. Graduates from Evan- In quite another r~gion of the city- gelical normal schools have been sought, the section known as "the Tenderloin" after by the State authorities for places -the National Bible Institute is doing of importance in the schools. This has , a fine work through its McAuley Cre- been especially true of graduates from morne l.1ission. Striking testimonials the Evangelical schools for girls and , from refonned drunkards and others at women.

the evening meetings show the power "But it has been left for the present· that is going out through these channels. struggle for political liberty in Mexico Other lines of activity are outdoor meet- to elevate to places of prominence in ings, home visitation, indoor evangelistic civil and military life a number of services, Sunday-schools and Bible classes. Evangelicals. This has been noted more than once and has created comment.

A New Link with Russia Some have said that this fact makes it – evident that the present struggle is a pASTOR FETLER, of Petrograd, Protestant movement. It would be who was last year in charge of the nearer the truth to say that Protestants Russian Bible Institute heJd in the Sec- generally have been in sympathy with ond Avenue Baptist Church, New York, this movement because they have always'

has now opened an Institute in Phila- been ready to throw off political and re- delphia under the auspices of the newly ligious tyranny, and very naturally in organized Russian Missionary and Edu- this struggle we might expect to find cational Society, 6f which Dr. Cortland some of them taking a leading part. The Myers is president. Property has been training they have received' would lead- purchased for the Institute and 128 them into such a movement and their young Russians have begun their studies capacity would' enable them to rise to to prepare them for evangelical Chris- places of prominence~"

FROM MANY LANDS 953

A Hand-Written Bible One of the most influential men in South America said to a traveler: "It is sad, H OW much do you value your sad to see my people so miserable when Bible? Rev. F. S. Onderdonk re- they might be so happy. Their ills, physports the story of the conversion of one ical and moral, spring from a common of his Mexican friends. One Sunday source, lack of religion." No country in morning this Mexican had gone to town the world is more in need of real Chrisfor the express purpose of getting tianity. drunk. (It is the custom of Mexicans to get drunk. on Sunday. On that ac- Orientals in South America count you can scarcely get any work done on Monday.) While walking T HE Argentine year-book records down the street he saw a little girl hide 19,800 Mohammedan Turks. Onesomething under her mantle. It was a half its Syrian population is also reckcopy of the New Testament and Psalms. oned as Mohammedan.· There are two My friend asked to be allowed to see mosques in the Brazilian city of San it. He took the book and for two hours Paolo, and Arabic papers are published stood there reading as if glued to the there and in Argentina. Into the rice spot. At the end of two hours he said fields of Brazil, Japanese colonization to the little girl: "Run and tell your societies are pouring immigrants by thoumother that I must have this book for sands, and we may well remember that two weeks." Next day. he bought a Count Okuma recommended the coasts pile of paper, a number of candles, pens of Chile, Mexico and Peru as a field and ink, and for two· weeks, although he of influence for Japan, and an asylum had to work hard during the day, he for the excess of her population. .Peru sat up until one and two o'clock every has large and prosperous Chinese and night transcribing the New Testament Japanese elements; the Chinese are rapand Psalms. At the end of two weeks idly becoming the merchants of Panama; the work was finished. For many years and in Jamaica, after two hundred years that was the only Bible he had. Fin- of English control, eighty per cent. of ally he heard that twelve miles over the stores are operated by Chinese. Acthe mountains a colporteur was selling cording to a report, there were in 1913 Bibles, so he went and bought some. in British Guiana one hundred and thirty thousand East Indians and the South American Religion number was said to be rapidly increas- ing. N OMINALLY, the people of Brazil are Roman Catholics. For four AFRICA hundred years the Roman Catholic Church has been without a rival in An Oasis in the Sudan South America, free and favored in her enterprise. With what result? Bishop I N many mission lands, a truly Chris- Kinsolving, of the Protestant Episcopal tian home is like an oasis in the Church in Brazil, asserts that not two desert. It is a place of beauty and rein a hundred of the students acknowledge freshment from which many thirsty soul., relationship with any religious organiza- drink living water. Rev. Stephen Trowtion. One who was for six years a bridge, of Cairo, tells of one. of these Roman Catholic priest in South America oases: said several years ago: "I do not think that the Church in any case reaches ten "In the great Mohammedan provinces per cent. of the people, and in many of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, there are many Egyptian and Syrian Christians places this is saying too much. J do not employed in Government positions, These Christian officials are- thus very believe that of the one million people in much isolated; they have no Church ser- Buenos Aires there are two hundred vices, are never visited by Christian pasmen on any given Sunday at service." tors and the nearest missionary is some-

times hundreds of miles away. Here lage not far away that he visited a few and there, British officers, loyal to weeks ago, and he said that he saw Christ, have encouraged and helped these enough human bones there, if put native officials to persevere in their togther, to make at least fifty Christian faith. One of thes.e Christian skeletons. Ten days away from here, we officers is Major Stigand, formerly In- visited an independent mission station~ spector for the Mongalla Province, a and there they told us of a secret society tropical district in the extreme south, that dig up dead bodies and eat them j bordering on Uganda. From time to so that the people bury their dead se- time Mrs. Stigand invited the Egyptian cretly, and try to conceal the pla<.:e officials to her own home for a prayer- where they are buried. meeting in English. One of these men told me that these gatherings and the Memories of Mary Slessor kindness shown by the Major and his wife were among the happiest experi- T HE Record, issued by the United ences of his life, and had established in Free Church of Scotland, tells of him a definite and clear Christian faith. the keen remembrance in Africa of the In a frontier town amid the tropical wonderful life of Mary Slessor. At heat, most white officials would not Akpap, the principal town of the up- think of planning for a prayer-meeting. river people who first heard the Gospel Major Stigand is now Governor of the from her, two women missionaries go White Nile Province and has shown a about safely, evangelizing the district,. personal interest in the work carried on although it is one of pagan people and by the three missionary families at wild bush. There is no man missionary Doleib Hill. He is a man of command- at work there, but one of the women ing presence and has a distinguished preaches and acts as pastor. The Chris~ record as a big game hunter and as an . tian people have recently sent a gift of author. Mrs. Stigand is an American about $100 to the Slessor Memorial woman from Washington, D. C. Home, a notable offering from their scanty resources. Twelve girls are in Spiritual Need in the Congo the Home at Calabar, all betrothed to Christian young men, and learning DR. and Mrs. John M. Springer, who housework, sewing, and the making of are in charge of the Methodist palm-oil and starch. Congo Mission, write of Kobongo, where they have decided to open a sta- Africans Learning French tion: A ITER speaking and teaching in "We held a service yesterday morn- German for many years in the ing and one in the afternoon. We had West Africa Mission, it is now neceshardly started the morning service, when sary, with the change of Government, the chief broke in, saying that he wanted for French to take the place of the Gerus to stay here. He wanted a mission- man. A smaIl dass of nineteen former ary to come and live. He seems to be school teachers was organized at Batanvery glad to have us; in fact, every vil- ga the latter part of last year, and that lage that we have come to, almost, has work has now broadened out into a .made the same petition, wanting us to dass of 228. A band of 140 picked come and stay. Poor things, these na- young men students will form the vantives have broken loose from their old guard of the French speaking force in moorings, and they have nothing to the mission. Throughout the Cameroun guide them in the present state; they Mission, the spiritual life of the people don't know what to do, and they turn to the missionary, knowing that he is IS steadily deepening. In seven months sure to be a disinterested friend. There is no doubt but that these people need there were 1,000 confessions of faith, missionaries. The chief told us of a vil- although the regular teachers and preachers of the people were not with them.

FROM MANY LANDS

IA New Station in Africa dren of the neighborhood who came to T has long been the hope and expecta- our playground last vacation. In fact, tion of the American Board to open a they are happy to have a part in any station,. or rather a chain of stations and work for others and we have difficulty outstations, to extend from its plant at in restraining their generosity so that Beira, on the coast, in Portuguese East they may have suitable clothing them- Africa, up to Chikore, on the western selves. boundary of Rhodesia. Frequent tours have been made into various parts of the Membership Twice Doubled territory, but these have not been followed by permanent occupation, and the A N increase in Sunday-school memgovernment has not permitted native bership from 1,800 to 8,000 in evangelists unaccompanied by white missionaries to settle there, because the mis- two years is the record of Bulacan sion itself is located in Rhodesia. How- Province of the Philippine Islands, ever, when Dr. William T. Lawrence, about twenty-five miles north of Manila. During the past year there have been of Mt. Silinda, and Rev. J. P. Dysart some 2,500 conversions in the same dismade a visit to Gogoya's kraal, in Portuguese East Africa, the chief, Gogoya, trict. This has been almost if not quite was very cordial and hospitable to his duplicated in two or three other parts missionary visitors. It is near his kraal of the islands. that the Portuguese have now granted to the American Board a concession for The Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, Sunday- 1,000 acres, which must be proved up or obtained on the same terms that any school Secretary for the Philippines, other settler could obtain it. states that he believes the Islands are on the eve of one of the greatest evan- gelistic movements that has ever been seen there.

For the Indians in Fiji ISLANDS OF THE SEA BRITISH missionaries in Fiji are en- deavoring to carry OQ evangelistic· Rescuing Filipino Waifs work among the 50,000 Indians now SOME of ~he mestiso children, as living there. They write: "If we those of mixed blood are called in could but, undo what has been done in the Philippines, who have been deserted by their mothers, have especially roused the character of the Indian peoples durthe pity of the Presbyterian missionaries ing the past centuries, the task of evanin Cebu, one of whom writes of them as follows: gelizing the Hindus and Mohammedans in Fiji would present but few difficulties. "The transformation of these waifs of the street, familiar with every form But before any constructive work can be of evil and vice, into earnest little Chris- done, we have to combat influences of tians has been the source of unending the ancient Indian religions and convince joy to those who have watched and as- them of the truth of Christianity. The sisted in the miracle. Other mestiso Hindu sides with us on SOme matters children have been placed here by their fathers who wish them to have a Chris- against the Mohammedan. and the tian education. We now have a family l10hammedan stands with us on other of ten children and seven others have questions against the Hindu, and both been with us at different times. They take their joyful part in the morning Hindu and Mohammedan unite in many and evening prayers, singing lustily the directions against us. Oh, for a visitation hymns they come to know so well lead- by the Holy Spirit of God, the Reing in prayer, and payin!!; close 'atten- vealer, Who will make known the truth tion to the Bible study. They are anx- of GO? to these people! We are trying ious to help others to know Jesus and to polIsh up some raw, local material to gave up unselfishly to the ragged chil- help us in this work, but in the very nature of things some years must elapse before an efficient ministry can be evolved. We are, therefore, asking this

year that some tried and faithful men of that has been published consecutively ill matured character and experience be se- the English or in any other language. cured from India to assist us." In 1896, he was elected to a position on the Moravian Board of Missions, which Samoa's Record Gifts required his removal to Herrnhut, where he spent the remainder of his life, A GROUP of twenty-five Samoan except for visits to the Moravian mis- villages last year gave £1,700 to sions in Labrador, the Himalayas and the work of the London Missionary other parts of the world, and an extend- Society. Rev. Paul Cane, a missionary ed tour in the United States and Canamong them, tells how it came about: ada. "I think it ~as chiefly due to the little village of Le Tui, a small inland village Dr. Edward Guerrant of Kentucky of seventy-eight people. Last year and the year before, in proportion they did DR. EDWARD GUERRANT, the best of all our villages. I told them who built seventy-five churches for this in their yearly meeting, and the pastor in England said, 'Missy, we will do his people, the poor and illiterate mounbetter this year (l916).' They all be- taineers of the Appalachian mountains gan to work. Even the babies were of Kentucky and Tennessee, died last quiet so that their mothers might help. summer. As the first evangelist of the The other villages heard that Le Tui Kentucky Synod, he found his opporwas going to give a big collection, and tunity; but so enormously did the work they said, 'We can't let Le Tui beat us,' develop under his hand that the Synod and so they, too, ,began to be in earnest. feared that it could not support it. It But such was the zeal of Le Tui that instructed Dr. Guerrant to retrench and only two large villages could beat them. not build so many churches. He re- Our largest village gave £ 160, and a11- signed as Synodical missionary, declaring 9ther large village gave £145; then that if no other course could Iielp, God came small, great-hearted Le Tui with could pay for the schools and churches £ 130. Truly a mighty work! A church and missionaries. And God did. Dr. of thirty-eight members, an inland Guerrant organized the Soul Winners' community of seventy-eight people who Society, and in the sixteen years foIlowhave to carryall their produce to the ing he personally raised $175,366.95 for beach before they can sell it. What does financing the work, all by prayer. the home church think: of the love alJd zeal of the church of Le Tui ?" Rev. Chas. J. Ryder, D.D., of New York OBITUARY T HE senior Secretary of the Ameri- can Congregational Missionary As- Bishop La Trobe of Herrnhut sociation, died on September 24 and was buried at Stamford, Conn. Dr. Ryder T HE Moravian Church has lost one was borr. on Christmas Day, 1848. From of its best-known missionary lead- his first and only pastorate in Medina, ers in the death of Bishop Benjamin La Ohio, he was called to the Southern Trobe, on October 4, at Herrnhut, Field Superintendency of the Associa- Saxony, in the seventy-first year of tion and, after two years' service, behis age. Born in England, of missionary came District Secretary for New Engstock, he became, on the completion of land. In 1896 he was made Correspondhis theological studies, Assistant. Secre- ing Secretary in the New York office and tary of Moravian Missions am! later brought to this responsible position a Secretary, with headquarters in London. practical knowledge of the work. Dr. Here, for the next twelve years he edited Ryder's service extended over a period Periodical Accounts, a quarterly maga- of thirty-five years-nearly one-half of zine, unquestionably one of the oldest, its history-and he outlived every mem- ber of the Executive Committee except if not the oldest missionary periodical one.

New Pacific. By C. Brunsdon itual forces for which

Fletcher. 12mO. 325 pp. $3.00. Mac- stands affect and are affected by politi- THE millan and Co., Limited, London. 1917. cal, military, economic and educational New Pacific takes us to Aus- conditions. The student of foreign tralia and the South Seas, a part of missions, therefore, must keep abreast of the best thought on questions which afthe world which does not bulk largely fect the world in general, and that part in the thought of Americans, but of of it in particular, which deals with the which we need to think more often than nations in which foreign missionary we do. In that far-off region are not work is being conducted. only an island of continental dimensions, but many other islands, which, The American university presidents though comparatively small in area, are and professors exert a large influence in beautiful for situation and strategic in shaping public opinion, as has been estheir relation to international condi- pecially marked since the outbreak of tions. The author has spent nearly all the war. Unfortunately, it has not al- of his life in New Zealand and Aus- ways been wholesome, but we are gratetralia and has been for a score of years ful for this volume by President Nichothe editor of the principal daily news- las Murray Butler, of Columbia Unipaper of Queensland. He has made a versity.. It is an eminently dignified and careful study of German plans in Aus- statesmanlike discussion of themes now tralia and the South Seas and he makes challenging the thoughtful attention of an amazing revelation of the character- intelligent men everywhere. istic system and thoroughness' with The theme to which the writer frewhich Germany long sought to strength- quently recurs is that we are facing new en her interests in that part of the world conditions; that the American world, while Europe and America gave people are not sufficiently unified in no heed. After the outbreak of the war, spirit or dear in purpose to enable them Australia and New Zealand promptly to meet these conditions in the most ef- fective way; that "there is not yet a seized these German colonies and they nation, but the rich and fine materials are now administering them. What is out of which a true nation can be to be done with them after the war? made;" and that "our chiefest task is The Peace Conference alone can determine this. Mr. Fletcher gives clearly to prepare our hearts and our minds to . and forcefully the Australian point of do our full duty as Americans to bind view as to what should be done with up the wounds of a stricken world and them after the war. He pays a high to lead the way to that new constructribute to the influence of missionaries tion of the overturned political fabric."

in the South Seas, particularly to those Japan in World Politics. By K. K. great men of God, James Chalmers, Kawakami. 12mo. 300 pp. $1.50. The George Brown, and L. Fison. TMacMillan Company, New York, 1917. A World in Ferment. By Nicholas Mur- HE pre-occupation of the public ray Butler. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.25. mind in the great war that is ra- Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, ging in Europe has obscured, for a time, 1917. some other questions of large inter- FOREIGN missions stand, among national import, but these questions 'still other things, for the international remain. Among the most serious is our mind and the international outlook:. It relations with]apan. That empire is the calls upon Christians to think: in world first of the nations of the eastern world terms. It recognizes, too, that the spir- to attain self-consc;iousness and to take

her place in the world's councils, and the work of the Carnegie Peace Endow- it is natural, therefore, that pending ment. It is one of the readable of the questions should assume their most acute many volumes that have appeared regard- form in connection with japaq. ing japan.· It shows breadth of.mind, Among the writers who are doing intimate knowledge of history, political much to throw light on these problems economy, international law, and the are Professor K. K. Kawakami and manners and customs of Americans as Professor Inazo Nitobe. Professor well as japanese.

Kawakami has now added to his welI- The author clearly shows how the known books-"Asia at the Door" and world has now become such common "American-japanese Relations"-a third ground that the interests of nations may volume, entitled "japan in World Poli- clash at the most distant places, as, for tics," which is an exceedingly able dis- instance, the Dutch and the Eng- cussion of the subject. It should have lish encountered each other on the the careful study of thoughtful men and South African veldt, and Japanese and women, particularly in missionary cir- Russians renewed acquaintance, under cles, where the importance of friendly strained circumstances, on the plains of relations is keenly felt. Mr. Kawa- Manchuria. Professor Nitobe says: kami is a loyal japanese, but he has "Though I do not desire a rupture of lived so long in the United States and friendship between the United States has such real sympathy with us that he and her friends, she may yet face some is able to take la dispassionate view of of them in unamiable converse on the A.merican merits and defects. Indeed, pampas of South America." He pre- he sadly says that the "Americans ac- sents a wealth of information about cuse him of subserviency to the cause Japan, its national characteristics, its of japan and the Japanese denounce morals and religious beliefs, its educa- him as slavish to a country whose citi- tional and economic conditions, its col- zenship I have not been permitted to ac- onizing policy, and its relations to the quire." He carefully explains Amer- United States. This volume is one that ica's issues with japan, Japanese immi- no student of Far Eastern affairs and of gration to America, japan's dealings international relations can afford to miss.

with China, her course in Korea, her alleged interest in the Philippines, and Forty-five Years in China. Reminis-· her "designs" upon Mexico, while the. cences by Timothy Richard, D.D., three closing chapters deal with the Litt.D. Cloth. 8vo, net. $3.50. Il- Anglo-Japanese AIIiance, German-Jap- lustrated with photographs. Frederick anese relations, and the Russo-Japanese A. Stokes Company, New York, 1917.

Entente. This book will contribute in FOR nearly half a century, Dr.

no small degree to that better under- Richard has been one of the great standing of the position of Japan which Christian leaders of China. Going to the American people need to have and the field in 1869 as a missionary of the which can form the only stable basis of Baptist Missionary Society of London, satisfactory relations between the two England, and engaging for a time in the Governments. work of the Baptist Mission, his special gifts ere long drew him into a wide The Japanese Nation. By Inazo Nitobe, interdenominational and national ser- A.M., Ph.D. 12mo. 334 pp. G. P. vice. He made a thorough study of Putnam's Sons, N ew York and Lon- Chinese history, literature and religion, don, 1917. and became famous as a scholar and T HIS volume is based upon the leC: writer. He gained an extraordinary in- tures which the author delivered fluence over the Chinese and has proba- in five leading American universities as bly had as wide perllonal acquaintance one of the exchange professors under and as close intimacy with Chinese offi- . the plan firllt ,proposed by Mr. Hamilton cials and scholars as any other foreigner Holt, and afterwards made a part of and a far greater influence and intimacy

9 1 7] THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY·

than most of the foreigners in China. Council of Churches in St. Louis, last In 1891, he engaged in special literary December. They are studies in the work under the auspices of the Chris- great questions of international rela- tian Literature Society of England, tions, Christian unity, social relations, Scotland and China, and he has been race problems, industrial reconstruction, prolific in books, pamphlets, magazine religious education and evangelism.

and newspaper articles. He united to pro- The addresses are not published, but the found scholarship and unusual intellec- reports of the commissions furnish some tual ability a force of personality that good material for a reference library on commanded the respect of Chinese and religious and social subjects. There is foreigners alike. He was a man of no index-which is unfortunate-but strong convictions and his plans and the books give a clear idea of the great methods did not always commend them- variety of work and problems before selves to some of his missionary associ- the Christian Church. The manifest ates; but no one has ever questioned his danger is that in the multiplicity of unselfish devotion and his splendid pow- forms of effort for the improvement of ers. The Chinese Government be- mankind, we will lose sight of the great stowed upon him the honor of the essential of individual, spiritual regenera- Double Dragon, and the Red Cross tion.

Society decorated him for his remark- The volumes are somewhat overload- ably efficient services in famine relief. ed with· resolutions, proclamations, lists In this volume, Dr. Richard has crowd- of names, letters and appeals. They ed a wealth of information about China. contain more general statements than It is really an autobiography by one of vital facts, more appeals and plans than the most remarkable men who have reports of things accomplished. One vol- lived in the Far East during the last ume deals with peace and arbitration, half century. It is of interest and value another with Japan, and others with co- to all who wish to keep in touch with operation in education and world re- the great re-constructive movements in demption.

China. Dr. Richard truly says in his introduction that "these reminiscences The Immigrant and the Community. By tell of sympathetic efforts made to guide Grace Abbott. Bvo. 303 pp. $1.50 net.

the spiritual leaders of China to a vision The Century Co., New York, 1917. of the Kingdom of God, with its promise of a hundredfold in this world, and W AR 6me is an opportunjty to in the world to come, life everlasting. overtake the immigrant problems These efforts have meant the uplifting in America. Almost no foreigners are of China in various ways, through better now coming and those who are here are religion, better science, better means of being kept busy with work at higher communication, better international com- wages. Americanization is necessary; merce, the institution of modern schools Christianization is even more important. and colleges, the founding of a modern press and the establishment of new in- Miss Abbott, the director of the Im-. dustries and manufactures over a coun- migrants' Protective League of Chicago, try as large as the whole of Europe." has given us a volume of valuable facts and studies, growing out of experience. How shall we protect the newcomers The Library of Christian Co-operation. from those who exploit them for vicious Edited by Charles S. MacFarland. Six and selfish purposes? Some employment volumes. 8vo. $5.00 a set. $1.00 each. agencies regularly supply women and Missionary Education Movement, New girls to vicious resorts. The immigrant York, 1917. laws- seek to protect the country against immoral women, but not against im- T HIS library contains the report of moral men. Miss Abbott shows the the commissions and sessions of safeguards that are being raised and the the quadrennial meeting of the Federal weakness in our system of dealing with

the immigrants. She advocates more Churches of Christ in America by the municipal lodging houses, better edu- Missionary Education Movement, New cation and more wholesome recreation, York. 191 pp. 1917. but she does not deal with the problem of remaking both people and environ- A BIG little book containing the ment through Christian teaching. There addresses of Drs. Jowett and is no other adequate solution. Vance, President King, and Messrs. Robins, Mott, and Speer at the meeting These studies are of especial value to of the Federal Council in Washington all in immigrant communities, those ,May 8 and 9, 1917; also the reports of who seek to win these men and women various committees. A valuable volume for the national ideals and service, and for pastors_ who seek to adjust their minfor the Kingdom of God. The men and istry to the needs of a crucial time. women come to America for a better opportunity to live and they should here Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John find true ideals, true kindness, true god- F. Cowan, D.D. 12mo. 160 pp. 25 liness. cents net. Revell, 1917.

Conditions of Labor in American Indus- T HE country church' has problems tries. By W. Jett Lauck and Edgar and possibilities all its own. Dr. Syden Stricker. 8vo. 403 pp. $1.75 Cowan sees these and gives advice from net. Funk & Wagnalls Co., New York a wide experience. He is a bright and forceful writer and ministers of country Rand London, 1917. churches will find inspiration, ideas and ESULTS of recent investigations practical working plans here. Among are here collected and separated the subjects discussed in relation to the under various heads-Labor forces, Church are the school, the farm, librawages, employment, working conditions, ries, automobiles, town improvemeQts, living conditions and health. It is a sports and union movements. There is book of facts for reference. an excellent bibliography.

The Christian Confederacy. By Her- Co-operation in Coopersburg. By Ed- . bert Booth. 12rno. 164 pp. 50 cents mund deS. Brunner. 12mo. 95 pp. 50 net. The Goodsped Press, Chicago, cents. Missionary Education Move- 1917. ment, New York, 1915.

H ERBERT BOOTH is a son of the H ERE is a practical example of what founder of the Salvation Army, can be done in a town where and in recent years has been an inde- Christian forces will get together. pendent evangelist, laboring in the British Isles, Canada, Australia, South Africa and the United States. Bur- Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. By J. dened with a conviction that Christendom is suffering from a widespread Kennedy McLean. Illustrated. Paper. lapse of faith in the doctrines of Chris- Is. Marshall Brothers, Ltd., London, tianity, his book: is a plea for an organ- 1917. ized confederacy of the faithful in all the churches to combat the rising tide of T HIS is the fascinating story of the unbelief. Such a plan demands the or- work. of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph ganizing power of a J ohn Wesley or a Norton for the Belgian soldiers. It is a William Booth. practical, spiritual work: which has al- ready resulted in the distribution of The Churches of Christ in Time of War. thousands of Scriptures, in the giving of Edited by Charles S. MacFarland. A 31,500 Christmas boxes to homeless men Hand-book for the Churches. Pub- and in the conversion of hundreds of lished for the Federal Council of Belgian soldiers. The work is supported by voluntary contributions.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1917

MISSIONARY

M ISSIONARY AREAS OCCUPI ~:Il 'S. UNOCCUPIED _ Ar":<l), VirhLu50 llllesofa Mission STation (==::J Areas Marc Than 50 Miles frOIn a .1J…."ioll ~rnrion AFRICA E.lIch dm (cpr..::…:nl/> a Protestant mi!'>,<;;oll M.Hion having in rC"ldenc~ ill least CIne AmeriCAn, ~:uropcan. or while South African Ivli.%ionary.

Bllrt<>n St.John 25 M~doon Awnll~ N~w Vurk Cily 1917 DENSITY OF POPULATION c:===J lJOIn!l<Ibitf:!d Under I to sq. mi. 1- 50 (o,sq . mi. 50-100 rosq. mi. 100-200 ro lO(l. mi.

c:===J 200 400 to sq. mi. ~ Over 400 to sq. mi.

J. (i. Llanhulomr AFRICA Each dot repn$CIH~ a Prulc.'lant mission stacion having in residence ijunon St. John ZS ~adionnA'uue New Vor. Ciry 1'117 EVIEWt£ VOL. November, 1917 NUMBER ELEVEN XL ® :@'f.. SIGNS OF THE TIMES iAAo _ oo~ …. oo … bOO _ .-.

THE GOVERNMENT AND MISSIONS IN MEXICO W HILE political peace has not yet come to Mexico and some United States troops are still stationed on the border; while the poverty of the people is extreme and the normal course of life has not yet been made possible; nevertheless after six years of revolution, civil strife and military rule, the outlook is much brighter than a year ago. Transportation facilities are improving and business conditions are better. A constitutional government has been established-at least nominally. It is interesting to note that in deciding contested seats in the National Congress, three tests were applied: legal, political and moral! It would be interesting if such tests were applied in other Parliaments and Houses of Congress.

The new constitution, adopted by the Carranza Government, caused considerable anxiety among evangelical workers, for it looked as though it were framed to eliminate them and their missionary work. The third article declares that all teaching in official schools as also in the primary and grammar grades of all private schools must be "laica." The question immediately arises whether "lay" instruction refers to the content of the teaching o~ to the official character of the teacher; and, if the former, whether it means absolutely non-religious. The best interpretation is that the law was intended to exclude religious teaching from all but the higher schools. It is a question whether this precludes giving religious instruction to pupils outside of regular school hours and in other places than the schoolroom.

. The governor of one of the states said that he had no instructions on the matter, but he would recommend the closing of two doors that connected the school with the church and taking the pupils around through the street to attend whatever religious services might be desired.

The constitution 'also declares that "no religious body or minister of any sect will be allowed to establish or direct schools of primary education." Mission Boards are not "religious bodies" in the same sense as are the Roman Catholic orders against which the law was directed.

The second section of the twenty-seventh article states that "religious societies known as churches, of any belief whatsoever, may under no circumstances acquire, possess or administer real estate or properties or mortgages on the same. Those which they now have, either in their. own names or in that of a third person, will pass at once to the dominion of the nation j and it will be the duty of every person to denounce to the government any property known to belong to churches," etc. The same article declares that: "Public or private charitable institutions whose object is to aid the needy, institutions of scientific investigation, those for the spreading of knowledge, mutual benefit societies or any others organized for a legitimate purpose may not acquire, hold or administer mortgages on property unless the period of the mortgage exceeds ten years. In no case may such institutions be under the patronage, direction, administration, charge or vigilance of religious corporations or institutions, nor of a minister of any sect, even though he may not be actually exercising his functions."

This looks like confiscation of all mission property, but many terms and expressions need interpretation and the whole matter is still in suspense.· There is quite a widespread expectation that, pending the possible modification of these laws, no action will be permitted in the line of their enforcement.

Article one hundred and thirty affirms that "it is necessary to be a Mexican by birth in order to exercise the functions of a minister of any religious creed in Mexico." What are the "functions of a minister"? Evangelical missionaries are agreed in not administering the sacraments, for the present at least, and to speak in the churches only as invited by the Mexican pastors. Personal work, house to house or neighborhood gatherings, Sunday-schools, etc., are considered to be as free to. us as ever; so that compliance with the law does not greatly restrict our labors, and the public was never so responsive to evangelistic effort as now. The missions planned to close the lower grades of their schools, but after consultation with lawyers and others, it has been decided to go forward much as usual, removing direct religious instruction from school hours and giving it in the churches.

These laws, most of which are simply the extension of those already existing, were framed to limit the activities of the Jesuits and other ecclesiastical orders, represented largely by foreign priests, which were acquiring an almost controlling influence in the education of Mexican children and who were suspected of seriously interfering in political matters. There are countless proofs, however, that the general attitude

OF THE

towards Protestant work is totally different from that maintained towards the Church of Rome. The effect of the new laws will certainly be to give the Mexican preachers and churches greater independence, and it is to be expected that larger liberty and greater responsibility will bring more rapid growth.

At the same time the evangelical missionary outlook is much improved. The Rev. G. A. Brewer, of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, who has recently returned to Mexico, writes that he is surprised and overwhelmed with the improved appearance of things. Crowds are literally clamoring to hear the gospel message. "There never· has been a time when the people wanted to hear and know and follow Christ's teachings as now. It begins to look almost like a mass movement such as they have had in other foreign countries. These are truly great days and we must not let these open doors close to us, for lack of men or means. The Mexico City church is holding no less than seventeen services per week in its various departments of activity. They are conducting a Chinese mission, doing some real settlement work in one of the poorer districts, feeding seventy-five hungry children every Sunday morning before the Sunday-school hour, and have from fifty to seventy-five women at the church every Friday sewing, repairing and making garments for the poor and needy."

Many government officials are Protestants and a number of former pupils of mission schools are in Congress, while others are in positions of influence. The recent National Ev:angelical Convention appointed a Continuation Committee, with subcommittees on territorial occupation, preparation of a tentative statement of belief and form of government for a National Church, unification of publications, development and coordination of evangelical schools, plans for an evangelical university, etc. The Y. M. C. A. is having most encouraging success in reaching the intellectual element, and several professional men have recently professed faith in Christ, as the result of their Bible study in the Association. In every way the outlook gives signs of promise.

CHURCH UNION AT PANAMA I F ever there was need for united Christian effort it is in the Panama Canal Zone, where the number of white Americans is about 17,000, of whom about IO,OOO are civilian government employes and the others are soldiers. It is expected that the civilian population will continue at something like the present number, and that the soldiers will be greatly increased. It is encouraging to know that a union work has been started arid that Baptists, Disciples, Congregationalists, Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterians, Protestant Episcopalians and members of the Dutch and German Reformed Churches and other denominational bodies have united to form the Union Church of the Canal Zone. This Church

maintains regular preaching services with organized churches at five points: Balboa, Cristobal, Gatun, Pedro and Miguel. It conducts :5un- day-schools at two additional points, Ancon and Paraiso, and has also organized Sunday-schools and evening meetings at two military posts which are without chaplains. This self-supporting l!nion Church of Canal employes, without any capitalist or employer in the number, has raised some $10,000 and hopes to raise $5,000 more. These sums, however, are wholly insufficient, since five churches are very much needed, two of them of large size.

THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN INDIA G ERMAN missionary operations in India have naturally been most seriously affected by the war. At the outset, the feeling largely prevailed amongst non-German Christians that, in view of the stoppage of remittances from their country, the German missionaries and the work established by them deserved sympathy and support. It is to the honor of British missionaries that the leaders of this sympathetic movement were conspicuously from the ranks of the Church Missionary Society, the London Missionary Society, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and ,the Baptist Missionary Society. Large sums of money were given for salaries of Indian workers and the relief of the German missionaries. Later, careful investigation by the Indian Government into activities of the missionaries led to the decision, in the public interest, that restraint must be imposed upon alien enemies-an action amply justified by the circumstances. In the beginning, the individual was only required to refrain from disloyal speech and action; but soon it became clear that more stringent measures were necessary. As a result all German missionaries were either interned or deported, but every effort was madel to treat the persons concerned with consideration.

Some of the work of the German Societies continues to be carried on by neighboring missions; but the large and fruitful work of such societies as the Basel Mission, the Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission, and the German Evangelical Lutheran Mission, has been seriously hindered, and their activities in some cases entirely suspended.

Legislation affecting American Societies also subsequently came to be regarded as necessary. It was found desirable to investigate the suitability of all applicants for permission to enter India, especially in view of the unwise comments made by a few individuals. But the work of the American Societies has not been perceptibly affected.

The most serious effect of the war upon organized missionary effort in India is found in another direction. The British Societies have all paid a heavy toll from their ranks in India. Some missionaries have perished at sea, others have given up their lives and others are still

OF THE TIMES

doing active service in the army. Even more serious is the loss to the work, due to the almost entire lack of reinforcements during ,the past three years. Even though the war should end soon, many years ll).ust elapselbefore young men can be available to fill the vacancies which now are in sore need of supply.

Should God in His mercy spare the United States from such a slaughter of its brightest and best youth, as has come to Great Britain, it is clear that upon the Churches of America will devolve the task of making good the woeful lack which is already causing the work in many a field to languish.

The war has produced an emergency in India, and those who can must meet it without delay. It has in no sense closed the hearts of the people to the Christian Message. In the "Mass Movement" in India there is no a1?parent diminution of interest. On the:contrary, the current flows more strongly now than in any previous year. Amongst the educated classes, the Hindues, Mohammedans and Sikhs in general, there is evidence of an added seriousness of mood. One of these said: "We had come to think that material good and, in fact, all that is included in the term 'Modern Civilization' was the thing to be sought after. But our eyes have been opened." Mighty 'transformations of ideals and opinions are taking place. The strange spectacle of nominal Christian peoples at war has not had the rdisastrous effect that might have been anticipated.

Had it not been for the Christian influence on the thought of India's leaders both by the work of missions and by the indirect influence of Christian education from the West, the World would never have seen the great of India rising to the help of the ruling Empire in this time of stress and need.

RESULTS OF THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN JAPAN ONE of the best results of the three years' Evangelistic Campaign for all Japan, projected in connection with the visit of Dr. John R. Mott a few years ago, has been that Christians of all names have been drawn more closely together in Christian service. A spirit of empire-wide evangelism has been fostered, and where the meetings were characterized by earnest evangelistic effort rather than by an apologetic spirit, permanent advance is evident. This would doubtless have been greater had not the craze for money-making obtained so great a hold, since the war afforded such opportunities to manufacturers, especially in the large cities.

In spite of difficulties the tabulated results of the· campaign are as follows: Nearly 5,000 meetings held with over a quarter of a million of hearers, and 27,350 inquirers have been recorded. The cost of the campaign was about 50,000 yen ($25,000), one·half of which came from America and one-half from Japan. All the leading denominations

joined in the movement, the Episcopalians being represented by some individual churches.

As is usual in all lands, only the small part of the 250,000 hearers have shown any permanent interest. Thetonservation of results has been difficult, largely owing to the inexperience of the majority of evangelists and pastors. Last July a five days' conference was held in Gotemba, under the shadow of Mt. Fuji, where over 200 were present from all parts of Japan. This conference was characterized by a spirit of unity and. prayer, especial emphasis being placed upon service of .love for Christ, uncompromising allegiance to the one living and true God,' purity of life and doctrine. The Cross was upheld as the center of evangelistic preaching, and all believers were urged to consecrate' all to the service of God.

A general plan was adopted for the following up of the.Evangelistic campaign by a series of special conferences in eleven important cities: Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Fukuoka, Kanazawa, Okayama, Sendai and Sapporo. ' These conferences are to strengthen the Church, to equip and inspire Christian workers for service, and to educate new converts and inquirers. ,',.

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ADOPTED FOR CHINA C HINESE Christians and their friends are,' giving thanks over the final disposition of the long debated question of religious lib- erty in the Chinese Republic. The latest draft of the Constitution, adopted by Parliament, omits the objectionable second clause in the nineteenth article making Confucianism the basis of all education, and changes the eleventh article by the addition of four Chinese characters. This article now reads: "The people of the Republic of China shall have liberty to honor Confucius and liberty of religious worship' which shall be unrestricted except in accordance with law."

This is the happy issue of a prolonged and complicated struggle. The efforts and prayers of the Chinese Christians have proved effectual. Dr. Chen Huan Chang, a graduate of Columbia University, for four years made strenuous efforts to have Confucianism made the State re~ ligion' and has claimed for his native system of et~ics all the great teachings of Christ. The opposite side was championed by a "Society for Religious Liberty," including in its membership Protestants, Catholics, Buddhists, Mohammedans and others. These enlisted the cooperation of over 100 members of Parliament, and drew up over fifty petitions, sent ISO telegraphic messages from various churches to the houses' of Parliament, sent out 10,000 circular letters and distributed 40,000 copies of printed matter. Now the preliminary conflict has been won.

There are still serious and inherent difficulties in the adjustment of China, such as the lack of able and especially of unselfish leaders;

OF THE

the predominance of politicians of the too familiar type in the West; and yet more discouraging the overwhelming dominance of the military element all through the so-called "Republic." The Monarchy mov~ failed, but true democracy has not yet come. If it does not in some way come there is danger of a Japanese domination of unknown extent and duration. This problem is intimately associated with the future of missions, not only in China but in all. the Far East.

WORK FOR. MOSLEMS IN CHINA A s one result of Dr. Zwemer's visit to China and his conferences with missionaries on methods of Christian work among Chinese Moslems, the missionaries passed some notable resolutions.

These show that they have been stirred to a realization of the need and .opportunity and that they purpose to· reach out systematically to win these Moslems to a living faith in Jesus Christ.

At Kikunghsan, Honan Province, the missionaries from seven provinces-Honan, Hunan, Anhuei, Shantung, Chihli, Shensi and Kan- suh-requested the Continuation Committee in China to make a care- ful survey of the field and to appoint a special committee to secure at least one national secretary for work among Chinese Moslems and urged the appointment of Arabic-speaking missionaries for the missions centering in Yunnan, Kansuh and Peking. Honan province was con- sidered a place of strategic importance for the work because of the large Mohammedan population especially accessible to the Gospel. It is also the gateway to the great number of Moslem peoples of Shensi and Kansuh. Work was recommended among the children, and by the distribution of Christian literature from a central book depot. One of the remarkable propositions was that the Koran be printed in Chinese and distributed as a means of convincing Chinese Moslems that it is not the Word of God. A subsequent plan provides for the Koran in Arabic, Chinese and English in parallel columns. The Koran and the Gospels printed side by side forms one of the most effective tracts to prove to Moslems the supremacy of the Gospel of Christ.

The missionaries at the Kuling and Peitaho conferences were also awakened to the opportunity presented by the accessibility of 10,000,000 Chinese Moslems. In Chefoo the missionaries resolved that three secretaries should be appointed-one traveling and two district secre- taries selected for Moslem work. .

These are encouraging signs of progress for work among Chinese Moslems. Many of them may yet be lead to Christ and become mis- sionaries to Moslems in other lands.

COMMlENT

THE RESCUE OF ARMENIA O VER a million Armenians have been murdered or have died as a result of the fiendish policy of the Turkish government. These million men, women and children are beyond human aid and be- yond earthly want. But there are over two million surviving victims of Turkish cruelty who may be rescued by the prompt help of Christians. Four hundred thousand of these sufferers are orphans, and it is from their number that the future Armenian parents, teachers, preachers, physicians, farmers, manufacturers and merchants must be developed. The hope of Asia Minor, 'humanly speaking, depends on Armenians. They are the race that has the ability and the desire to develop the resources and civilization of that important country. They must not be allowed to perish from the face of the earth, and America is the only land in a position to help them with the necessary funds to feed the hungry, clothe the naked and purchase the implements by which they may again come to self-support. The present situation is worse than can be imagined, and help must be sent soon if it is to be help at all. Telegrams give the following facts: "Bread-winners generally have perished through massacre, deportation, or in army. Practically all now destitute were self-supporting before war."

"Extermination or material diminution of Christian races greatly deplored, as the hope of future upbuilding lies with this progressive element. American and Swiss missionaries remain on the field for continuing the work for destitute as in the past. They implore appropriations."

"Expense, on moderate basis, for repatriation, rebuilding homes, seed, animals, tools, necessary for self-supporting life, $8,000,000. Present need is for keeping the people alive. Food clothing, shelter for 1,000,000 most needy people, $1,000,- 000 per month; supporting 35,000 orphans, $30,000, minimum.

"People come pleading for work until it seems sometimes as though we must go crazy from being constantly compelled to refuse them. It is one constant stream of ragged, forlorn women with drawn faces, begging with tears, and even demanding work."

The Syrian and Armenian Relief Committee (of which Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge is treasurer), has already forwarded to Turkey, Russia and Persia over $4,250,000 for relief work, and are now making an earnest appeal to American Christians to supply $30,000,000 more needed during the coming six months. The cost of sustaining life in the different areas varies from $3.00 to $16.00 a month, and this does not include money for reestablishing the Armenians in their own land. The Russian Government has already given between $7,000,000 and $10,- 000,000 for the sufferers, hut this relief fund has now been exhausted.

19I1] EDITORIAL COMMENT 80g

There are forty-nine missionaries of the American Board still in Turkey, in thirteen centers. Fifty more Americans are in Syria. Through them and through the Swiss and other neutrals, the money for the relief can be distributed.

It is impossible to describe the suffering of these people who have been forced to fly from their homes without any provision for the needs of tomorrow. Many of them are educated and refined; most of them are women, many are aged or children, and all of them could have saved themsei<ves by denying Christ to become Moslems. While these hundreds of thousands have given all their possessions and even their lives for Christ, what have Christians at home' been giving in comparison? Today is the day to minister to Christ Himself by feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and visiting the sick who belong to Him.

VOLUNTEERS-FOR WAR AND FOR THE GOSPEL O N Thursday, October 4, 20,000 Red Cross women marched down . Fifth Avenue, New York-an impressive sight. This means that more women are volunteering for Red Cross work from one city at one time…than have gone out into the mission fields as unmarried women missionaries of the Protestant Christian church in the past one hundred years. Women workers are needed for both kinds of service, but is not this disproportionate?

Ten million men have been listed in the American draft and two million men will be trained for the United States army. This is more than twenty-five times the number who ever volunteered for Christian service in foreign lands. Both armies are serving mankind, but is not God teaching us that we can do more for His cause than we have ever dreamed possible. The Student Volunteer Convention was to. have been held at the close of this year. It has been postponed until the close of the war because many of the young men and young women, the speakers, organizers, and financiers are occupied with war work. Up to the close of 19 I 6, six thousand nine hundred and thirty-four registered Student Volunteers had sailed for foreign lands since. the movement was inau· gurated thirty years ago. These are now scattered in over twenty different lands. Four hundred and forty-four sailed last year.

What of the future? Is the need for men and money less because of the war? It is greater-far greater. British and American missionaries have been called from their posts to enter the battlefields; German missions have been deprived of all their workers; native helpers have been called away by the war. Food is high, exchange rates have decreased the value of money, and many former givers in England and America have given up their salaries or have had their incomes decreased because of the war.

But the need is greater than ever. The Mission Boards of Americ~

are calling for 53·7 men, including 230 ordained preachers, 82 doctors, and I 20 teacher~, and for 385 women missionaries. "Never before," says a recent report of "the Student Volunteer Movement, "has there been a more urgent call from foreign mission boards. . . . It is the appeal which comes from the whole non-Christian world. It is the cry, not of one man from Macedonia, but the appeal of vast multitudes of mell and .women who have not had an opportunity to know Jesus Christ as their Saviour and to become His disciples."

Is it possible that God is waiting to give earthly peace until men learn to know what really pertains to their peace and until men realize how to devote to Christ the vast resources that have been placed in their hands and that they are now beginning to devote to patriotic causes.

PROMOTING CHURCH FEDERATION T HE over-churching of some districts at horne and the n"eglect of other larger field~, as described by Dr. Egbert W. Smith III his paper in this number, is a symptom of a disease, not the .disease itself. The root difficulty is the lack of true Christian unity such as is found only in absolute absorption in Jesus Christ.

One effort to correct the weakness, without reaching the root of the trouble, is in the discussions and plans presented at the Congress which met at Pittsburgh, October I to 4, under the auspices of the Inter- Church Federation of the Federal Council of Churches. Here many leading specialists met to study the causes and the remedies for a divided Church and a divided Christendom. They discussed comity and co-operation and reported some hopeful and inspiring examples of cooperation in community, education, social service and evangelism. They declared in favor of the establishment of a World Christian Order in which tens of thousands of churches of all communions shall co-operate. The Congress advocated advance movements in the interest of world Evangelism, by more thorough organization, better education, more intercession, larger giving, more recruits and trained leaders.

It is a hopeful sign that Christians are today realizing more and more the sin of their divisions and rivalries. There is a larger, deeper spirit of unity in the Church today than ever before. It is not necessary that men should renounce their individuality and liberty of conviction in order that they may be united in true Christian brotherhood and service. Unity does not mean uniformity in creed or organization or worship. Unity means oneness of aim,'motive, spirit and effort. This can come only as the living Christ, through His Spirit, dominates every branch of His Church.

The supreme business of the Church is to reveal the living Christ to dying men. Th-e world cannot be made safe for democracy except as it is brought under the control of the Theocracy.

TIANS –

t…. "' ''':I!!i".,o,'''1 Ccr u "

(Drawn by Bertha F. Bennett) "7'- A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS IN AFRICA , Pagans, 85,000,000 l Christians Romanists, 4,800,000 Moslems, 40,000,000 .Abyssinians, etc., 4,000,000 Protestan ts, 1,800,000 The Missionary Occupation of Africa The Protestant Missionary Forces and the Neglected Areas BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director of the Bureau of Statistics of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America T HIS is a brief resume of the Protestant missionary occupation of a great continent. For general facts, it has been necessary to rely mainly upon the information recorded in the "World Statistics of Christian Missions."* The war played havoc with missionary policies.

Missionary reports have suffered even more seriously. This statement must therefore be less accurate in detail than would ordinarily be pos- sible. Nevertheless, it ought to give a reasonably true picture of facts at the beginning of the war.

– -T-he war has changed conditions in many missions, especially those – .World Statistics of Christian Missions. New York. Foreign Mi88ion~ Conference..

1916. 148 pages. Quarto. $2.00 net postpaid. . .

having their headquarters in Germany. How permanent this change will be cannot be foretold, but it would be unfair to consider the present status as any other than a temporary war condition. The actual mis- sionary occupation is better illustrated by ante-bellum facts.

Two statistical tables accompany this article. The first presents, as far as possible, the total of Protestant missionary work for the whole continent of Africa. The second gives only a partial statement for a few of the larger denominational groups. Both tables are a compilation from those found in "World Statistics." In a few instances data recently procured have been added to supply omissions. In other in- stances, conservative estimates have been incorporated for a like pur· pose. In neither case has this been done except to clearly improve the accuracy of the presentation.

TABLE I is arranged by groups representing the national head· .

quarters of the Societies involved. Each Society having fifteen or more foreign missionaries on the continent of Africa has been entered indi- vidually. For economy of space, all societies having less than fifteen missionaries in Africa have been grouped as "Other Societies" under the proper geographical heading. Lists of these Societies will be found in foot note. For facility in reference, the Societies have been alpha- betized according to the key word in the name, rather than by the first word in the official title.

TABI.E II is unsatisfactory, except to give in broad outline an im- pression of the denominational occupation of the continent, The so- cieties included in each denominational family are indicated in foot notes.

The heading "Holiness" is not altogether satisfactory, but it will doubt- less be understood. Nearly all of the societies under this group work through organizations so loose that it is nearly impossible to secure re- ports. The statement therefore probably does not do full justice to these organizations. – Some of the salient facts concerning the statistics of Protestant mis- sions in Africa are shown by the following general summary. In this the regional divisions are those of "World Statistics."

Region Area Native People People People People Population Per Per Per Per Com- Square Missionary VTorker muni- Mile Native cant Totals for Africa ………. . 11,710,378 136,299,329 12 25,000 4,600 186 North-east. …………….• 1,944,020 24,085,070 12 63,000 24,600 1,700 North-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,635,500 13,508,786 Western ……………. '" 2,017,455 5 36,000 13,000 1,000 36,326,610 18 58,000 10,000 340 South-west. …………….. 2,600,208 12,000 460 31,626,502 12 37,000 South ………………… 491,352 5,227,135 11 3,400 760 14 Southern-central ………… 753,148 East ………………….. 1,034,339 2,881,500 4 5,000 600 64 Madagascar and Mauritius .. 229,755 African Islands …………. 4,601 17,940,770 16 23,000 3,300 390 3,903,558 18 15,000 800 50 799,398 174 100,000 800,000 9,000 In this summary it is interesting to note the variations between the several regional divisions. The variations in density are due, in the main,

MISSIONARY OCCUPATION OF AFRICA 81

to extended areas with very small population, which appear in Northwest Africa and in Southern-central Africa. The very dense population of the Nile Valley is offset by the barren regions to the west. South and Southern-central Africa and Madagascar show by far the largest percentage of foreign staff, of native staff and of communicants.

It may be helpful to observe that the- total number of missionaries in China, in India and Africa is, in round numbers the same. Africa has twice as many missionaries to a given population as has India and nearly three times as many as has China. On the other hand, the native workers in India greatly outnumber those in Africa, while Africa has about twice as many as has China. Again, the total number of communicants in Africa is approximately equal to the combined number in India and China~ This is also true of the number enrolled in institutions of learning of all grades. The amount reported as contributions for church work in Africa exceeds somewhat the total of such contributions in China andlndia combined.

THE LOCATION OF MISSIONARIES The missionary map of Africa, with a dot representing each of the mission stations having in residence at least one American, European or white South African missionary, shows great areas in which there is no mission station. Careful study of the relation between the distribution of these mission stations and such facts as the "annual rainfall," "the elevation of the land," "the occupations of the people," and "natural vegetation," shows that none of these has had any marked influence on the location of missionary centres. A study in relation to the "government control" and of the "races" would show that both these elements have an influence upon their location. In fact, this influence would appear to be especially strong in regard to the races. For example a large proportion of the total work is among the true negro races. These races occupy all of Equatorial Africa and the eastern section of British South Africa.

In contrast to the negligible influence of physical conditions and the comparatively slight influence of government and races, there is a very strongrelati(;m between the location of the majority of mission stations and the density of population. This is a condition one would naturally e:x;pect to find. As a sequence of this, there is also a strong tendency for these stations to group themselves along the prominent routes of travel. There are also comparatively few stations located in regions not now engaged in international commerce. All three of these observations indicate the simple fact that Missionary Societies naturally seek to locate their work where they may reach the largest number of people along the lines of least resistance.

The two hundred fifty stations of American Societi,es and the five

hundred stations of British Societies both have been scattered quite im- partially throughout the whole of the occupied regions. The Contino ental Societies seem to have a stronger tendency to concentration. Al- most their entire number are to be found along the Guinea Coast and south of the equator. Very naturally the societies having their head- quarters in South Africa do not extend far to the north. In fact, none are to be found above the 10th parallel, sQuth.

The actual area, which is not within easy access of any main station, probably includes four-fifths of the entire area of Africa. It would be possible to enter the continent a short distance from Cape Town and wander indefinitely north, east and west and never be within two hundred miles of any mission station. Except for Natal, Basutoland and Swazi- land there is no governmental unit but has considerable area over fifty miles from any station. Many regions are from thr"ee to five hundred miles for any foreign missionary. One might even find a location as far as one thousand miles from the nearest station. It should not be forgotten, however, that these unoccupied areas are in almost every case "the less densely populated sections.

Should anyone feel inclined to get a visual representation of the work of his own society as compared with the total work being done in Africa, let him take the outline chart and mark in red the mission sta- tions of his own Board, including an area within a radius of fifty or even one hundred miles. Let him then compare this with the tremendous area of the entire continent. It will be helpful to note the number of mission stations of other societies, which he discovers to be within the radius of influence of his own Board. One should guard carefully, however, against assuming that the presence of other stations within this radius unnecessarily means a duplication of effort.

From 1736 down to a very recent date, missionary societies have been entering Africa. They have, in the main, followed the lines of least resistance. Doubtless these were also the lines of greatest fruitfulness. Perchance, when the present world war has co~e to a close, we will have reached the time of reshaping policies and for outlining new programs. These should include a plan by which one society or another would assume responsibility for every tribe throughout this mighty continent. "

Let me but do my work from day to day, In field or forest, at the desk or loom, In roaring market-place, or tranquil room; Let me but find it in my heart to say, When vagrant wishes beckon me astray- "This is my work; my blessing, not my doom; Of all who live, I am the one by whom This work can best be done, in the right way,"

L -Henry flan Dyke.

PROTFiiTANT MISSIONS AT WORK IN

FOREIGN STAFF NATIVE STAFF I CHURCH MEDICAL J I J SOCIETIES il II 'U .; ~ il so! il )! j ~ j:j ! ) 1,. 1! ,J. ! ) 1-!- Ij ·J1 ii i"i J :i-~1 j i j J J: …..T……111SocIIIIM …………………. )! S~O] )! )! 0 :!!i 'i ~l ~ a! .lJ ~ – – – – -I:> – – -I:> – a'Jf j~ i ~1 – – – – I:> – – – – — – – – – – – – – -='1 – !I.a ~ – – – -0-0- 5 _ 1m 781 1M 21 851 *1 841 *11071 *17111 8717 728187 !03 280 543 311 337127 724 858 108 15 35228 1 141 827 1127 _ AfrIeIn …… ., 203 211 110 48 181 4 _ *118 ooua .. ,818 141_ —— —— –4 224_ T….. 11 AfrIeIn ………………………….. 44 –4 26 3 – 6 6 6 14 – – – a 830 48 8 818 ~ Mia Soc•• South Africa ……………….. 1889 18 26 14 2 12 322117 .1111 41184 140 8e8ot 7 1 –1 70 —30lI0 1157ft ~tioaaI Mill. Soc.South Africa …………. 1826 M 133 10 28 113 1 709 173 –1 8 81 7110 39 2 33 2378 10 2 – 2 300 18832 2012 1 290 8284 –6 ——-1 taOOO Dutah Ormed. Gen. Com•• South Africa••… lW 300 ,.118 39 5 213 2 —– 21 –9 22 612 21 *m29 "'46 * 190 37888 t16000 t13898 25M 89 238 4 3 – 23280 MethodiIl, South Africa Mia Soc." …•…•.••••••. 1888 82 39 2 241 3 eeo "298 * 1 187 84 879 10719 78093 32295 88 874 —2 1 8enn other 80cietiee a " ….•…….••••'•••••••••. 1881 7 8111 171 22 16 4~ 1 –4 —4 333 871 152 011 M 11 10 277 31 178 8 97 71169 4478 2.a2 3862 2897 3 1 3 -6 48588 U37 18 6 388 4 19 1 1 AmerIIan …… 82 31 22 13 93 ., *UU II —1 4 — M 4.0 1 m1110 19 3 4 1~ 2 -1 .. T….. 31 ~ SocIIIIM ………………… 10a – 10 4 47 5 33 ot4I7 848 73388 11518 718015 87 872 10_ 1 -1 27290 1 148 Amerioan B'd of Com. fill' Fill'. Mill……………. 11 11 2 22 4 1274, ~ (NOI'thl. Fill'. Milo. Soc………………… 1836 88 9 62 7 103 *12 *80 *18 32 8M2 -f80—0 – 28 750 8629 11 351 -1 14 — t8000 ~(~l•. FOI'.M~B·d……………… 1884 21 44 81 t14 * 500 —1 4 – -16 1898 71 43 26 236 -8 261 -20 21 4801 — 8—75 – 2185 7023 8 3 8 -797 13 7 19 620 8 4 10 – t7 465 ~For.a nMdiMa_So nOaCr y.A. .ll.ia.n. c.e. ……………. .. 1887 36 – 13 1 7 129 —1 87 II 4 300 *4a 2842 32478 ……………. .. 1899 17 f34 2 7 466 192 2 8 1 141 1850 1 156 30962 1899 35 5 268 27 1667 3 745 7822 J'rieDdI' 'd ol For. Milo…………………….. 1902 17 33 14 36 21 19 6 4 4683 t200 142 – 33000 lOSl 85 12 9 – 54 293 3 Lutherao, General8ynod, B'd of For. Milo ………. 1800 15 15 13 23 7 8 ~ a2 43 17265 38841 Lutherao, United N~………………….. 1892 34 17 5 13 2 14 8209 15M 29 66 68 5 6 69 f200 73 414 5078 3 16 94 15 729 3 7 1 941 785 892 1 893 286 t27263 F Methoditt EpUoopaI, Afncan Milo. Dept…………. 1893 71 73 79 40 245 M* * ** 30 48313 1833 103 31 13 43 a 178 * * * * 8088 Methoditt ~&:; B'd of or. MiII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8 .0 32 4 *198 9858 934 8 M9 14757 9215 Methodiot, 1 Milo. B'd ………………. :I'reIbyterian ~North) B'd ofFill'. MiII…………… 1885 34 1 73 65 18 1 192 t200 II 631 977 1228 IRa 68 -M 317 86 17 65M 400 27708 14431 17767 l'reIbyterian South) Exec. Com. of For. Milo ..•…. 1891 37 2.0 18 3 12 128 – t900 11 072 82.0 8ennth-J?af Adventilt, Genera1 Conference……… 1888 168 – – *2 *124 -* 43 2088 – – 4736 9624 Preb=. ,. 8wIm Interior Mill ………………………… 1892 32 14 tsoo – 300 481 6 63 60 United Brethren, For. Mia Soc……………….. 1865 26 – 10 27 1 017 tl60 1000 2196 1 279 United B'd ofFill'. Mia …•.•.••.••… IBM 129 65 423 241 86 12612 tl000 17871 16452 Nineteen 0 er Societiee b ……………………. 1838 124 44 *186 *27 63 *5686 307 3 100 *4608 2867 BrItIeII Sacletl.

TOIIIe, 38 BrII11h SooIetI…………………….. 562 218 804 432 l12li 111 603 – – *1183 "11 158 *8411 3321 288 701 303 033 322 357 177 838 325 878 -42 -4 -44 10S 820 073 – 821 130 1 20 4 -1 1 1243 AIgierI Milo. Band …………………………. 1888 23 -2 36 10 6 1 11 3 3 100 278 143 41_- 3653 Baptist Milo. Soc…………………………… 1879 90 – 44 31 17 – -1 Chriatian Milo. in Many Landa (Plymouth Brethren) . 1881 – 46 – 13 290 – – 103 179 – – – 8 263 5495 — – – – 11660 3995 12989 – – – 4 18 114 164 403 S96 Church Mi.. Soc…………………………… 1816 ~ 9 – 1 9011 99 36 83 106 25 4 324 86 4892 163 4290 449 451 49501 93047 34 108 28865 93616 11 —–1 14 16 t203 920 – ~CCoIhI;uu:rnc.IbhuMoo~fl -8~ A00.t;Ia.n;d~:FU:o:nr .:itM:e:dil:Fo:r. :eCe:o,:mF:o.:r.:..:K .:.:.i.:a.:.c:.:.-:…:..:".:….: 1876 59 10 18 17 14 –1 1826 232 7 575 2 M3 ao 30 47 II 319 2 198 3 750 1 702 13212 -1 —- ~g tt~:~ 4091 34 -2 8 te 000 1898 20 68 62 77 50 47 2899 –24 *910 *238 78 33 17U 21707 031 3tMII 111786 – – 4 – 39851 1867 102 8 19 18 – – – – – 12 1 4923 17 -9 84 7 30 81 – 14 180 3608 700 3 9 46 -8 * 1oDdoo Mill. Soc ………………………….. 1818 89 8 95 19925 6182 1 863 –2 -1 * 72 -1 20 35 13 42 12 31 3575 445 30711 51 492 36494 t6000 1M 603 36 181 23 350 3 3 7 136 – 21758 London Soc. for. the Jewa……………………… 1832 37 – – – – *4 – 1 Methodist, Primitive, Milo. Soc..••..•..••••.•.•… – 4 2 5 6 4 19 * *6 – 1 31 t4 317 200 — – – 1 tl000 84443 1870 312 24 – 3 * Methodiet, W~ Mia Soc ……………….. 1811 17 5 19 200 6 193 8 258 328 200 – 839 65126 102 240 19 193 45582 27 138 NOI'th African M……………………………. 1881 29 .0 3 t33 13 29 1359 1-26 1 235 – – 4 2 2 4 t13 604 14387 1887 14 1889 96 3 14 14 41 18 18 22 5 184 1 8 26997 ~M• iBI~o il..l….U..n.i..o..n………………….. ….. … .. .. 42 -7 1-97 – 15 3850 – ….. … .. .. – 14 – 6 204 7984 14335 13455 – 6 8120 – 19 12 6 – – – – 8 – 4 tl0000 8 45 150 Society for tiOD of the Goepel ………….. 1862 168 2 tl14 38 132 430 – 9 726 70328 67 190 29 801 93 178 – * t120 14 921 8151 7 ~6 25021 1 1 tl000 Univenitiee M…. to Central Africa……………… IBM Zombeei Industrial Milo………………………. 1892 -65 29 t62 64 32 664 -10 * – – – 11 1 833 16 159 1 1 17 196 Eighteen Other Societiee c. . …………………. 1792 15 11 3 107 8 107 1 741 3 149 2 8 21 782 18 35 31 12 34 265 14 *129 *26 66 5 160 2502 710 3004 2643 2 9 t62 200 Continental Sacl….. , TIIIaIa. 21 ContInental Sacletl…………………. 1 1170 808 180 1142 238 437 5804 *199 *4 742 – 841 208 817 148 387 44888 24223 148 778 2117 _ 16 1 12 6 Baptist, German. Milo. Soc…………………… 1892 35 109 19 81 16 6M 3 49 *331 9 3124 600 1~ 3676 -11 -4 13 28 165 892 6481 Baael Evangelical Milo. Soc… .. ………………. 1828 225 41 636 2 2 -1 1 1 * Berlin Mill. Soc……………………………. 1837 – 93 31 79 24 80 915 25 609 2 29 22 104 18050 4063 622 9877 ————1 2 t2000 a 867 P'innieh Milo. Soc………………………….. 1870 227 -*24 *726 80 31 887 32280 4637 —— —-2 —-2 -2 1 37 13 m12 12 10 57 65 *50 27324 ——-1 —1 t26 000 -950 German East Africa, Milo. Soc '" ……………… 1888 74 2 9 1370 1503 – 1200 2984 –3 —2 —1 — 19 25 – 30 17 104 -363 —2 t2000 1 985 Lutheran, Haunover Milo. Soc ………………… 1882 22 — 10 10 31 -* * –* 17 1 278 990 4850 1 1 12 31 -* 10 2848 287 2631 1 1 – 3826 — 17773 Lutheran. HermallDlburg, Milo. Soc…………….. 50 -6 48 170 888 1 117 1 — IBM 90 19 113 2 188 28 149 30867 71 743 408 2 -7 – 11s.o If=~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 73 – 30 7 8 7 32 857 6926 2 2 – 486 1893 19 16 9 9 199 -* 32* 63 19 1 821 -215 8611 3 1887 11 57 5 180 34 13 469 -1 – t6000 33777 NOI'th German. Milo. Soc……………………. 1847 55 27 3 33 20 .0 1 130 40 50 637 –1 -1 — 42663 Norwegian Church Milan Schreuder. . .••..•…….. 1862 18 58 21 41 1 160 8 185 173 11 302 4965 5 36078 – 5 1 -34 – 7311 1 15000 N==Mi.. SOC•…………•••••••••••••••.• 1844 110 -45 10 – 37 109 5 122 6 7 1990 2733 – 788 1 6451 57 39 28 5887 taOOO – t20 000 2163 Parie vangelical Mill. Soc.. .. .. .. .. .. …. • …… 1832 165 2 109 987 14 104 28187 te1o1o7o6 24999 3882 45 31 24 17 13 114 18 1 104 113 35819 14286 *12 717 31069 677 Rheniah Mill. Soc ………………………….. 1830 117 9 lOS 5 30386 M Rheniah-Weetphalian Deaoon_' Soc•.••..•……. 1867 – – 62 10 9 11 8 72 — -75 10 – – – – 33 23044 2 126 4144 2133 3063 Romanda Mia ~)……………………… 1875 39 II 3 9 224 4 104 20 140 – tl500 3763 88 16 11 JO 14 12 99 23 15 2680 M 3111 * 4048 8wediah Church iIo………………………… 1878 32 14 97 –1 79 t45000 8wediah Boline. Union ………•••••••.•.•••….. 1891 23 – – 11 1 10 13 68 9 2691 tm- 31a 1 110 1041 2 134 8wediah Milo. Soc………………………….. 1886 M 219 22 130S 898 tl000 BwediIh Nationol Soc ………………•••••.••… 1887 42 11 11 11 2020 -263 441 Nine Other llocietiee d ………….. , .. ' " …….. 1874 411 30 -4 86 8 1019 9.0 4619 300 74 12 1183 160 1243 15 4 17 8 10 1 189 83 97 405 486 Indlln SacIeIy – – – – – – – – – 7 410 Telugu Baptist Mia Soc………. , …………… 1903 – – I 2 8 – 111 – – – – I~I Sacleti. 18 80 141 78 88 4110 *10 *218 *28 228 •• 18132 8182 28111 211231 7 1 2 18 32_ 18 252 T…… 8 IntMIaIIonaI Sacletl………………… 114 12 31 33 38 27 63 * * Africa. InIand-MiIo…………………………. 1895 31 2.0 10 -* * * * * * * –2 —-1 –1 -14 — tl0000 * 11138 Mcn'l'ian Church ………………………….. 1738 136 49 19 66 2 26 129 230 175 8279 15 9118 4608 1822 14804 -6 -1 t2298-6 South Africa General Milo. …………………… 1891 12 –* *M 22 43 1314 – 2114 Sudan United Mi…………………………… 1904 78 14 14 24 26 2 -18 1336 174 863 6 137 -4 Two Other Societi.. 6 ………………………. 1915 -12 -6 -8 -232 * – M 10 26 17 11 – — 30 – – 430 *295 31 11 *Data incomplete or not reported. tEetimate. Free Church: Methodist Epiaeopal (South) B'd Mita.: Methodist lem and East Milo.• Mildmay Milo. to Jewa: Nile Mill. Pro.: aBaptist Native AM·n. SOuth Africa: Baptist Union. West Epiacopal Zion. Milo. Soc.: Methodistl…WeaIeyan. Milo. Soc.: PeDiel NP,III! Ind~ Mi…: J;'enteooatal Mill.: Beot~ N.ti~ Africa: Baptiat Union. South Africa: Bethel Qrpbanage: Ohlange Mita. Soc.: Penteooet Bands of the world: Protestant Epiacopa1, Bible Soc.: Sierra Leone Mill.: Scuthern Morocco M….: Umted Industrial School: Presbyterian Native Million, South Africa: floc.: Y. W. C. A.• South Africa. B'd of Milo.: Scandinavian AUiance Mita.: Stearn'. Church and Methodist Mia Soc. B!>c.: B,oe.: Bapt~ Bible CIa.ea: United Brethren (Old Constitution) Mi… Soc. d Bao~•.French. Mi… Baptiat, S…ediah. ¥iIo. •b Ameli,!", Bible 8ocietr: Baptist.(~th) Mill!. Breklum M…. Soc.: Ooaamer M…. Soc.: Netherlan" M_ Umon: Nationol. Mia Soc.: Baptist. ScandinaVlloD: Chriatian Woman, e AnaoIa Evanplical Milo.: Baptist Induatrial Milo.: British Norwegian Mia Union: Philafrican Mia: Bwediah Allianoe Mia: B'd of Milo.: Goepel Milo. Soc.: Hephllibah Faith Mita.: Holinoaa and FOI'.lIible Soc.: Central Morocco Mia. Church of Scotland, Sudan Pi~ Milo. Free. Milo.: Churth of Beotland. Milo. to JeWI: Friend'. Anti- Church(Canada): HoUneae Union.lnternatioDal Apoetolic: Luth…… Slavery Com.: Heart of Africa Milo.: Ikweai Lamaci Milo.: Jeruaa- • WOI'ld·. S. S. Aee'n: World', W. C. T. U.

THE PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS AT WORK IN AFRICA FOREIGN STAFF NATIVE STAFF CHURCH MEDICAL '~i 0 .as z .. .5 ! J 1 ~i i I ~ .!I J: ~ … j jj ! ) I 1J . 1 J J J ~j ji j 1Jj J – :!!.§ " DENOMINATIONAL FAMILIES ~~ I il II s-! 0 ~ – -I:> – -I:> – il )! ~ )! ] i-l l -.1•.1.- 'il i — ~ – ]1 – – – – t~ -I>< – – – -~f-t1'3- — – – 1Z1'S — —- -l'Ja-f Anglican (6080cietiee) a ……………………… 1816 866 321 73 285 207 259 6079 *282 *4 509 *486 1 301 137 200 169388 72065 31 102 136232 10 1 16 18 42 116 492 040 Baptist and Chriatian (168ocietiee) b …………… 1850 260 113 17 97 33 68 10M 143 *873 ~ .59 26711 4676 7800 14380 27 134 16 2 12 46 205 384 29 398 1818 244 •84 27 *71 624 63688 8912 186 843 49974 34 821 9 1 7 11 65 724 161 828 QoaIregationol (4 8ocietiee)•……….•.•.•…•… 1867 48 17 99 34 73 4096 *488 *3173 – 22 186 3890 Friends (3 Societi..) d ……………………….. 1891 62 21 1 18 9 – 16 136 – 20 149 6849 5643 2 16 – 6000 4108 Hoiineae (7 8onietiee) •• . ……………………. 1844 18 12 – 18 77 114 – – – – – 14 25 1308 577 1811 Lutheran (12 Societiee)i, …………………….. 1736 63 2263 6118 998 Methodist and United rethren (12 Soc.) g … ••••••. 1824 491 217 18 173 83 188 2061 *132 *1 683 *133 343 73330 82 021 14063 8765 48678 3 3 6 7 43 331 51 860 Mcn'l'ian (1 Society) ……………………….. – – – – – – 484 198 29 189 87 144 4449 320 *2 095 *72 2339 159012 115 697 110 961 97951 109 643 10 2 6 18 35826 77782 1888 136 .9 19 66 2 31 2.0 10 230 175 8279 15958 4608 1822 14804 11 138 Presbyterian and Reformed (9 Soc.)" ………….. – – – – – 834 2M 115 293 167 199 6699 *200 *26 *618 451 112 239 a 115 81818 88 'M 215 6118 30 1 22 a 266097 170183 Seventh Day Adventist (1 Society)……………… 156 29 66 56 5 M 293 *2 *124 * 43 2088 4735 9824 1 – 38841 *lnoom,Plete. c African-QhIange Induetrial, South African Union. American Continental-Breklum. Finnish. Hannover. Hermannaburg. Leiplig. a Amencan – Protestant Epiaeopal. British-Church Milo. Norwegian. Schreuder. S…edith Church. Swedish National. -American Board. Britioh-London Mi… Soc. Soc•• Jerusalem and East. London M'l88. to J…… Society for Pro- d American-Friends' For. Mise Soc. British-Anti-Blavery VAfrican-BoutJ: African. American-African. Free, North. pagation of GoaDeI. Universiti.. Mita. Soutb, WeaIeyan, United Brethren. United Brethren (Old Con.). Society. Foreign Milo. A..·n. b African-West African Native. South African. South African 6 American-Hep'hJibah Faith Mita.• Canadian HoUneae Church. Zion. British-Primitive. United. WeaIeyan. Native, South African Union. American-National. Northern. II Afrioan-Bouth Africa Presby.• Dutch Reformed. American International A)108toIic UniOD, Peniel Mi… Soc.• Penteooat Bands of Scandina'l'ian Southern. Chriatian Woman', B'd. Chriatian Foreign the World. British-Penteeootal Union. Continental-S…edisb -North. South. United. British-Church of Beotland. Free Church HoUn… Union. of Scotland, Scottish Miss. to Jewa, United Free Church of Beotland. .s… Mi… Soc. British-English. Scottish Industrial. Continental- I American-Free Church, General Synod, United Norwegian. French .German ediah. India-Telugu.

DlSPEN'~ARY. LIRHAJD,A STATION, BRITISH EAST

~/ . ,, ,- The Friends' .Ind.ustrial. Missio.n In Africa Under the Direction of the American_Friends' Board of Foreign Missions BY MISS MARTHA W. STANLEY, El)ITOR OF "THE AFRICAN RECORl)"

'F1FTEENy. ear.s ag.o, in April, 1902, a prospecting party, consisting of three young men, was senJ out by American Friends to British East Africa to select a suitable site for an Industrial Mission.

Landing at Mombassa, East Africa, they were passengers on one of the first trains that made the through trip on the Uganda railroad from the coast to Kisuinu (Port Florence), nearly 600 miles inland on the shores' of the great Victoria Nyanza. This railway was a great blessing, as it enabled them to passqi.Iickly the dreaded fever belt along the coast and to reach the more healthful uplands.

The British Government offici,als at Kisumu encouraged the pioneers in their undertaking and offete'd .valuable suggestions. After about five weeks of prospecting they came upon the present location of Kaimosi Station in the Kavirondo District, about 20 miles northeast of Kisumu. They were united in believing they had found the object of their prayers, and subsequent developments have shown that this place is admirably adapted for an Industrial Mission.

A SMALL PART OF A LARGE FUNERAL IN BRITISH EAST

These Africans believe death to be caused by evil spirits and 'death is accompanied by frightful wailing'S. Droves of cattle are driven round the hut of the dead. Mourners smear their bodies with white clay and ·wear crude bells on their hips that give out wierd no ~scs as they dance

FRIENDS' INDUSTRIAL MISSION IN

Kaimosi has an elevation of about 5,300 feet above the sea and a temperature ranging from 48 to 98 degrees. The climate is exceptionally healthful for Africa, notwithstanding that it is only a few miles north of the Equator. There are springs of pure water gushing from the hillsides and a river near by with a natural waterfall, very fertile soil, and to the east a dense forest skirting the escarpment. To the north can be seen Mt. Elgon, 14,200 feet high, and lying to the west and south is a beautiful rolling country, covered here and there with trees. Bright- colo:ed flowers are abundant, and numbers of song-birds fill the air with mUSiC.

The missionaries found that the charming beauty of the landscape was in vivid contrast to the degradation of the Kavirondo people. They were living in thatch huts with mud floors and walls, the same hut fur- nishing also the housing for cattle, sheep, goats and chickens.

The morality of the people was what might be expected to result from centuries of unrestrained impulses, and seemed to have reached a level even lower than that of the beasts with which they lived. A man's suit of clothes often consisted of a leather pocket suspended from the shoulder by a cord; and the dress of a woman was a few strands of cord made of banana fiber tied around the waist. A man was allowed as many wives as he could purchase with cattle, the price ranging from one to five head of cattle, three to eight sheep or goats and five to ten native hoes. The price depended an the woman's health, beauty (not judged by American standards), and inclination to work. As in all non- Christian lands woman does the arduous labor of the family. The Kavirondo tribe are more industrious and intelligent and their personal appearance is less revolting than many other African tribes. There was, however, an utter abserice of any impulse or motive to a better life.

Superstition made them an easy prey to the vicious practices of the witch doctors. They live in c;onstant fear of the spirits of departed relatives, which are supposed to have an evil influence. They believe that all calamities, sickness and death are brought upon them by evil spirits. Death is always the oCl:asion of frightful heathen wailing, a clamor and din about the grave and a dance, all of which make a sad, dark picture. Droves of cattle are driven around and around the hut where the corpse lies that they may help mourn for the dead. Sometimes there are thou- sands of people at a funeral and the scenes enacted are heartrending. . Mourners are smeared with white clay, wear rude bells on the hips, rat- tlers on the knees, hippopotamus tusks around the head. A doleful wail comes from their lips. How different it would be if they only knew Jesus as the Giver of Life.

Some have asked whether human beings, found in such a degraded condition as these Africans, are capable of development. Experience has proved that they may become intelligent, earnest Christians.

The Kavirondo people were friendly to white men, although many

befor~ this time had never seen a white face. The Mission was begun with camping tents for dwelling houses; a "crooked'tree was the chapel; school was held in the open, with a chart hung on a pole stuck in the ground. Broad foundations were, however, laid for an industrial mis- sion, whose policy should be to teach the natives the dignity of labor as well as help them physically, intellectually and spiritually. About a thousand acres of fine forest land was secured from the Government.

There is a river with a waterfall, which, by installing a turbine, it has been possible to use for power. A sawmill and other wood-working ma- chinery was installed, and later a brick machine. There was no means of transportation for goods from the railroad terminus to Kaimosi ex- cept on the heads of natives, so that the missionaries, with native help provided by the Government, superintended the construction of a twenty- mile cartroad between these points. "

Native labor has been hired and used for the felling of trees, log- ging, bricklaying, plowing of the land. care of the gardens, herding of the transport and other oxen, in the building of the permanent homes for the missionaries, chapels for the stations, and in the various work around the homes of the missionaries. Although at first not efficient and ac- curate, yet the lessons taught the workers were invaluable. The effect is seen in their lives, and they are now building separate apartments for their cattle and better homes for themselves. One of the most important features of tIie industrial work is that it keeps many people under the in- fluence of the Gospel by daily contact with the missionaries.

The people live by agriculture a.nd the raising of cattle, sheep and goats. As their methods are very crude it is possible to help them greatly in improving their crops of Kaffir corn, millet, beans, sweet potatoes, and other produce. Bananas grow wild and are eaten when green by the natives, who boil'them. The herds are of an inferior type.

In the improvement of all these things the native' is coming to appre- ciate the suggestions of the trained agriculturist missionary. The women do most of the work for the family. Very early in the morning many women with their native hoes can be seen going along the well-trodden paths that lead to their gardens. Here they spend the forenoon, digging away with the very crude hoe until about noon, when they gather up small sticks and limbs of trees, piling them into very straight and regu- lar stacks and tying them together with the bark from some sapling.

The bundles are immense, but as they are only women they are sup- posed to carry heavy loads. Then they hasten home to prepare the meal for the family. The men cat first, and if there is anything left, the woman has her meal. If not, she grinds some more millet on the large stone before the hut, cooks it and uncomplainingly eats it. Such is woman's lot in heathendom.

The effect of the various industrial activities on the native mind was voiced by one 'of the men who accepted Christ and developed into an

A SCENE AT A SABBATH SERVICE IN BRITISH EAST

This picture shows how the heathens are gathered together to ' bear the Gospel. The service is usually conducted by natives SOMETIMES ONE OR TWO THOUSAND PEOPLE ATTENb A SABBATH SERVICE When the mission has beco~e established it draws congregations from a radius of many miles

earnest worker. This was his argument in a meeting he was leading: "The white men came among us and told us they were going to make the river saw wood. We thought they were boasting. The river was no different than it had been as long as our oldest chief could remember. But they did it (referring to the turbine and sawmill). They told us they would make stones out of the ground to build their houses. We did not believe them, but they did it (making brick). Now we must believe them in all these things because the white man has done as he said he would, and all these things are true. We know they did not boast or lie. They tell us about a God that loves us and His Son Jesus, the Saviour. Why should we not believe them in that also?"

Like most tribes of Central Africa, the Kavirondo had no written language, and the missionaries began to make a memoranda of native words, meanwhile using Ki-Swahili through an interpreter. This was originally an East Coast language and was reduced to writing more than twenty-five years ago. The entire Bible, stories ofthe new and old Testament, books on Christian life, various text books, hymn books, a monthly magazine, and a great deal of other literature have been published in Ki-Swahili, which many familiar with the conditions think may become the universal language of Central Africa. For these reasons it is quite essential that missionaries should master it, as well as the dialect of the particular tribe among whom they are working. The Kavirondo, as well as the Ki-Swahili, belongs to the great family of Bantu languages.

Now a grammar in Kavirondo was completed and there are a few hymns, scripture texts, a small first reader and the Gospel of Mark, translated into this dialect. The work is not yet sufficiently developed to reach the higher grades, but in elementary work some have shown remarkable aptitude and have mastered all that has been given them in their own language. Advanced work is given the natives in Ki-Swahili, and the advanced pupils who are capable are placed in charge of branch schools or used as teachers for beginners. A complete printing outfit has been sent to the field during the past year and is proving of great service in this branch of the work.

Recently an educational epidemic has spread in the neighborhood of the stations. At Kaimosi Station, two Christian young men came in one morning to say that their council of native elders had decided to put their children into school, and that it would be the business of the parents to see that they attended regularly. The missionaries could scarcely believe their ears, as the chiefs and people had long been indifferent. But, true to their word, the next morning came Madaha, headman for Isiau, one of the most indifferent of chiefs, followed by fifty children. He asked that they be enrolled and taught regularly, saying that he would come with the children daily, keep them in order, look up delinquents and also "get some learning." And so he did. Day after ,day he sat among the children, keeping them in order-a wonderful help to the teacher. This proved to be only the beginning.

17] THE FRIENDS' INDUSTRIAL MISSION IN AFRICA

The countless throngs of naked heathen who swarmed about the stations claimed the attention of the women missionaries from the first. Sewing schools were started. Boys, women and girls were taught to make their clothes. When we remember that these people had never had a needle in their fingers, neither did they understand the value of a thimble nor the use of scissors, we may in a measure appreciate the task of teaching them to sew.

Many amusing incidents occur to relieve the pressure. Clothes are a . requirement for attendance at school. One young woman who had secured a dress did not know how to get into it. Finally she tried to climb into it as though it was a pillowslip with the closed end down. The native idea has been that clothes were only for ornament. It seemed the height of absurdity when a big black chief came strutting up to the mission one morning, proud as a gobbler, with nothing on but a high tile hat.

Medical work in Africa, as elsewhere, has proved an entering wedge for the Gospel. Two of the present nineteen missionaries are doctors and another is a trained nurse, while all of the missionaries have given this branch of missionary work special attention. One of the earliest operations was success- fully performed on the son of Kivini. the chief in whose district Lir- handi Station was afterward lo- AN AFRICAN WARRIOR cated. About 9,000 cases in all the Good physique but little else stations are treated annually, and it is planned to greatly enlarge this branch of the work when the hospital now under construction is completed.

In the policy of the Friends African Industrial Mission the indus- trial activities have their place; so also have the educational and medical departments, but all three are merely means to an end, and the object

of the whole is the s.alvation of the souls of the people and the establish- ment of a native Christian Church.

The Mission now has four stations. Its sphere of influence, as designated by the missionary societies operating in British East Africa, extends from a few miles north of the Equator, at a point where a meridian would pass through Kisumu, north about eighty miles to Mt. Elgon, and is approximately forty miles wide. The population of this district is somewhere between 350,000 and 500,000. One station to about 800 square miles with the responsibility of 100,000 people I The position occupied by.the Friends Africa Industrial Mission is strategic. Just to the north is the great Mohammedan belt, and the de- :'votees of Islam are rapidly pressing southward. . : . }3vangelistic work is carried on at all stations in daily and Sabbath servrces, prayer meetings, inquirers' meetings, Sabbath-schools for the children and Christian Endeavor for the young Christians. All of these ate sewing good seed and reaping spiritual harvests. In 1909 the Chris- tians were organized into a native church and with few exceptions, there has· been a steady growth in the spiritual 'life of the members. Great care is exercised in the thorough instruction of prospective members as well as by placing them on an extensive term of probation. As a re- sult, the harmful influence of "back-sliding" is largely avoided.

Christian homes have been established that are exerting a powerful influence for good. Many of those who have accepted Christ as their personal Saviour show a determination to make Him known to others and- are of great assistance to the Mission. Some of these are develop- ing into effective and powerful preachers. With their help, services are held on the Sabbath at about twenty out-preaching points, and during the week thousands of natives come under the sound of the Gospel.

Dr. Arthur T. Pierson once said: "The missionaries in Africa are, .almost without exception, practical men and women-men and women who believe in .giving industrial education-but giving it in connection with spiritual teaching." This applies to the nineteen consecrated men and women now"associated with the Friends Africa Industrial Mission~ Whatever the work in which they are engaged, whether working in the soil or in the mill, teaching, ministering to the sick or preaching, theil' one aim is to bring to these people a true, workable knowledge of sal- vation from sin through the atoning blood of Jesus Christ. Who knows but that this work is part of the answer to the prayer of Bishop Han- nington when he passed through this very region in 1885 on his way to Uganda just before he met his violent death and exclaimed: "0 that fair Kavirondo might be won for Christ I"

N ow is our great opportunity. God grant that we may measure up to our privileges and, under the leadership of the Holy Spirit, quickly plant the standard of Jesus Christ over that entire region.

Over-Churching and Its

. The Greatest Present Problem in Home and Foreign Missions BY REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S.

T HE duplication of denominational effort is vitally related to the progress of Christ's Kingdom, both at home and abroad, and yet Christians are generally ignorant of the facts. A knowledge of these facts must precede intelligent search for the remedy. Diagnosis must come before prescription. Facts are always friends. In business, in science, in religion, in every department of thought and effort, progress depends on knowing the facts. To spread' the knowledge of them is a plain duty, for the more minds we can focus on the facts, the sooner will their true meaning and bearing be perceived and the needed remedies and readjustments discovered.

Four representatives of one of the strong denominations, thre~ of them well known doctors of divinity and one a prominent ruling elder, were asked: "In the Southern States there is one evangelical church organization to how many people ?" They had never given the matter a moment's thought. When pressed for an estimate, the business man said one church to every 3,000 of the population. The three ministers guessed 5,000, 7,000 and 10,000. The average estimate of these four experienced church leaders was about twenty times the correct figure.

This incident fairly represents the prevalent lack of definite knowl- edge regarding the religious needs of America. Yet this is a subject on which the most ample and exact information, covering individual states, counties, and communities, would seem to be required by Christian workers as the first condition of wise planning and expenditure. '

WHERE MORE CHURCHES ARE NEEDED While most places are over-churched, more churches and ministers are undoubtedly needed in many districts, among many classes of people, such as miners, mountaineers, immigrants, and the like. In the effort to meet these needs a vigorous and discriminating home mission work has ample justification and incentive. The over-churching in our cities is also not nearly so marked as in the towns and country districts, but no student of city work can fail to note the tremendous disproportion between the money expended in costly church plants, and the amount spent to reach and mold the cities' masses. In the effort to abate this • painful contrast-lovers of the Kingdom will find a noble and needy field.

Some of the things I saw in Texas, while visiting a number of towns there, made me heartsick. In one little place, for example, there were four struggling Presbyterian churches, each of a different Presbyterian family. All four together would have made one really efficient church, with a well-supported resident pastor, while the releasing of three ministers and the sale of three unneeded church properties would have meant a large net addition, without any countervailing loss, to the home and foreign forces of Christ's Kingdom. The immense saving in men and money resulting from a union of Presbyterian churches in Texas along congregational, educational and other lines, would make a consolidated Presbyterian Church of Texas, for its size, one of the most efficient, powerful, and best equipped churches in America for both home and foreign mission work.

A practical inquiry is: "What proportion should the number of evangelical churches bear to the local population?" Two years ago an expert committee, under the auspices, I believe, of the Federal Council, made a report to the Commission on Church and Country Life, in which it stated that for the best results, in towns and open country, there should not be more than one church and trained pastor to a thousand of the population, except where the population of an entire township was less than this.

THE SITUATION IN THE SOUTH From a study of the United States religious census of 1906 it was found that in Alabama there was an average of one evangelical church to every 248 people j Arkansas, one to every 293 j Florida, one to 249 j Georgia, one to 258 j Kentucky, one to 362; Louisiana, one to 437; Mississippi, one to 244; Missouri, one to 397; North Carolina, one to 254; South Carolina, one to 267; Tennessee, one to 272 j Texas, one to 400; Virginia, one to 299; West Virginia, one to 356.

For seven of these states the average was one church to every 256 people, and for the South as a whole, one to every 3 19. In other words, the average is more than three churches to every thousand people, of whom only one-third are church members. Of these members nearly two-thirds are women and a considerable proportion young people. The bearing of these facts on the size, growth and financial support of churches is evident. * Whether or not the South is the most truly relig- ious part of the Union, it is certainly the most church-full. Since cities have usually more than a thousand people to each church, or three times the general average, it follows that in the towns and country the proportion of people to churches must be below this • Since the census, on which these figures are based, was taken eleven years ago, and since the church membership in the last twenty-six years has increased 94 per cent., to the population's 61 per cent., the natural inference would be that the figures are certainly not too low to represent present conditions.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS

average. Bishop Lambuth, two years ago, told me that he had just come from preaching in a town which had seven churches to a popula- tion of 700. Such cases are by no means so unusual as might be sup- posed.

Such facts as these have a distinct bearing on the efficiency of our church life and a profound and conscience-stirring significance to every student of the Kingdom in its world relations.

In Asia and Africa there are to-day countries with districts con- taining a population of 100,000,000 with no resident missionary among them. In America we have multiplied ministers for ourselves till in the South we have an average of one evangelical minister to every 470 people, while the whole Protestant world has sent to China one minister to every 200,000 of her people. In Georgia, with its two and three- fourths millions of people, there are more than three times as many evangelical ministers as the whole number sent to China with its popula- tion of one~fourth the human race. In every Southern town and city you can take your choice of from one to half a dozen churches in easy reach, while in China there are more' than 1,500 large cities with millions on millions of population and no resident missionary in any one of them. In Africa there are thousands of villages where Christ's N arne has never been spoken.

"YOUR SIN WILL FIND YOU OUT"

This selfish policy of the modern church has its exact illustration in the history of God's ancient people. When the children of Israel were entering the Promised Land, they came to the grassy plains east of Jordan, whose heathen possessors they defeated. This region the tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh begged might be assigned them as their permanent home in the land of Canaan. But Moses sharply reminded them that Canaan as a whole was yet unpossessed. He declared that if they selfishly settled down to the 'enjoyment of this captured fraction of the land, leaving the larger task unaccomplished, they would be committing a sin whose punishment would surely overtake them. "If ye will not go all of you armed over Jordan until the land be subdued before the Lord, then behold, ye have sinned against the Lord. And be sure your sin will find you out."

This sin, so sternly denounced in the ears of God's ancient people as carrying its own most certain punishment, is the outstanding sin of God's present-day Church-the sin, namely, of settling selfishly down in our Christianized fraction of the world, multiplying churches for ourselves till they crowd each other, while the larger part of the world we have scarcely more than touched. Has this sin found us out?

I. It has found us out in the hardships and impaired efficiency it entails upon Christian ministers. They are the chief sufferers. According to government statistics, the average salary of ministers in America

is $663, while the average wages of stablemen are $689, and of New York City hod-carriers, $900. Leaving out the largest 125 cities in America, the average salary of ministers is $573. Where a fraction of every ten hundred people must support three churches, where several ministers must be paid where one should suffice, no one receives a living support. In the investigation of one hundred of the smaller towns in Massachusetts it was found that the average salary paid in towns with one church was $874, with two churches $687, with three churches $473.

If a minister is worrying over money matters, hampered by hardships and family expenses that he cannot meet, how can he preach inspiring sermons or radiate strength and hopefulness in his parish work? Harassed by debt, he has little juice of courage or joy left for his work. Without the means to buy necessary literature to enrich his mind, starved for books and ideas, his congregations must also starve. If a few geniuses succeed in spite of poverty, that does not help the average man who needs the equipment as a substitute for genius and is doomed to deterioration without it. The utterly inadequate support given the average minister is a chief source of ministerial inefficiency and a curse to the Church. Its deadening results along all religious lines, and its underlying cause, are alike beyond question.

INEFFICIENT CHURCHES 2. Our sin has found us out in the blight it entails upon tens of thousands of churches. Where the churches are over-multiplied, the average membership must be small. Half the evangelical churches in America have less than 65 members each, of whom nearly two-thirds are women and a considerable fraction are young people, leaving a handful of men to bear the chief brunt of its support. These churches cannot afford resident pastors because no one of them can support a resident pastor. And no three or four of them in the same community can unite to support one because they belong to different denominations. They cannot support a live Sunday-school or young people's society, because there are not enough young people to make a live Sunday-school or society in anyone of them. Small church attendance begets listless activities. – Of course every large church was once little, and where they are needed and have room to grow, small churches should be planted and helped. In growing states and communities weak churches are often on the way to being strong churches. Here as elsewhere faith and foresight reap large returns. But in mature–and settled older states it has been found that there is a direct ratio between the size of the church and its prospects of growth. Normal men and women like to be connected with a vigorous and growing enterprise rather than one that is stagnant or decaying. They prefer to belong to an organization that is doing aggressive work.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS RESULTS &27

FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The Department of Church and Country Life of the Home Mission Board of the Northern Presbyterian Church, in connection with other agencies, made an exhaustive investigation of four sections of Ohio, taking an average of about five counties each in the Northeastern, Northwestern, Southeastern, and Southwestern sections of the state that their field of survey might be thoroughly representative, and including in it the open country and all towns and villages of 2,500 population and under. A study of the 1,5 I 5 churches in nineteen counties showed that where the membership is .

1- 25 2% of the churches are growing.

26- 50 17% of the churches are growing.

51-100 48% of the churches are growing. 101-150 58% of the churches are growing. 151-200 and over, 79% of the churches are growing.

The report says, "The regularity with which the increase of efficiency and ability to survive parallels the increase in membership is very striking." It was further found that of the churches enjoying the full time. of a mini~ter 60% were growing, while of those with one-fourth his time, or less, only 26% were growing.

The report finds that in settled and mature communities 80% of the churches having fifty or less members are losing ground, and that in such communities not till a church has at least one hundred members does it have an even chance to grow. It names over-churching, and non-residency of ministers, as the chief troubles.

In the report's final summing up we read: "It can be shown from county after county that those neighbor- hoods, in which there is a large number of small poorly equipped churches, are responding the least readily to the influence of those churches. The religious forces are in those cases so divided that their impact upon society is almost negligible. Communities with a large number of weak churches, as a general rule, show a smaller proportion of their population in the church membership. In the average Ohio county, one church to every 500 or 600 of the population gives an ample number, provided those churches are properly equipped and maintained. We may take Ashtabula County as an example. Here there are five townships which have one church to approximately every 175 of the total farming population. These five townships show an average of 17% of their population in the church membership. Six townships have one church to every 250 and show 21 % of the popu- lation as church members. Eight townships have one church to every 350 and show 24ro as church members. Four townships have one to every 450 and show 26% members. Then there are four town- ships which have not churches enough. In these there is one church to £rom 700 tQ 1,,300 of the population and but 11 % of the popnla-

tion are church members. These figures could be duplicated for other communities. Over-churching is not only a matter of having more churches than are needed, but of having more than can be so equipped and maintained as to do the work: properly and efficiently. Geauga and Defiance counties [two out of 19] are the only counties surveyed which do not show clearly the serious effects of over-churching."

THE ECONOMIC WASTE 3. Our sin has found us out in the economic waste and lack of return that marks the present system. Here are four weak churches, for example, in a village or country community. In each church a faithful few strain themselves to pay for part of a minister's time, and for fuel, light, and repairs for fheir one-room church. All honor to them! But what do they get in return? A fraction of the service of an absentee minister, who is not and cannot be a pastor to them, infrequent servkes thinly attended, a Sunday-school too small to generate enthusiasm, occasional long lapses when they have no minister at all, a poorly equipped building, a chronic sense of struggle and failure, a church too weak to exert a commanding influence in the community-nay, a church that {(cheapens Christianity in the estimation of the world and the young people by identifying it in their minds with the kind of halfstarved religious life that the present policy necessitates in myriads of communities. "

Were these four little churches to come together, they could have a resident pastor for all his time; regular and better preaching every Sunday; Sunday-school, young people's society, church fellowship, and community influence, quadrupled; while the sale of the unneeded church properties would give them i beautiful church home adequate to modern requirements; and all this, not by taxing anyone an extra dollar, but simply by substituting economic wisdom for economic waste.

IGNOBLE RIVALRIES 4· Our sin has found us out in the unworthy motives, rivalries, and competitions engendered by the present system. When three or four churches are struggling to sustain themselves among every ten hundred people, where one church would suffice, the temptation to jealousy and rivalry is too strong for average human nature. Where the financial eligibles are so few and the churches so many and poor, the results should surprise no one. The Home Mission report already quoted says, "Denominational prejudice exists in all of the communities studied. In 20% of them it was discovered breaking out into more or less open strife." For obvious reasons this temptation is far greater in towns and viIIages than in cities. How inimical it is to any community service program, I need not point Ql.It.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS

The story goes, and behind its humor there is food for saddest thought, that in one little town where the churches were crowded on adjoining corners within easy hearing of each other's music, one Sunday morning the Methodists were singing, "Will there be any stars in my crown ?," and the Baptists promptly replied, "No, not one; no, not one," whereupon the Presbyterians shouted, "That will be glory for me."

How often is a minister pained to see many of his most active workers inspired by a sectarian zeal to have their own church distance all rivals! Nay, how often are a minister's own motives and ideals grad- ually and insensibly tarnished by the atmosphere of competition in which he lives, by the manifest discontent of his own officers and members when some neighboring church and minister seem to be getting ahead, by their hinted or clearly voiced feeling that he is not getting the results they .want or proving himself the kind of pastor needed, by the consequent reluctant sacrifice of his highest ideals to the allurement of methods that promise visible victory and success, till Enally he wakes with a start to the realization that the old happy sense of peace and fellowship with his Saviour is gone and that he is feverishly working not from love of Christ and immortal souls, but from motives that move on a far lower plane.

Do you say that nevertheless more activity is thus generated, since competition is the life of effort? I reply, this kind of competition is the death of spiritual religion. It takes the soul out of it, leaving only the rattle and clank of church machinery. Ignoble motives are sins against Christ, and can never build up the Kingdom of God either within or around us.

SELF-ABSORPTION 5. Our sin has found us out in the self-absorption which the present. system tends to produce in the majority of churches. Since most of the evangelical churches in the United States have less than 65 members each, the struggle to live, to exist, to keep their heads above water, is so sev~re that they are forced to think mainly of themselves and to spend on .thelnselves nearly all that they can give.

A certain rare bird, writes a fellow-secretary, which its keepers had kept alive with difficulty, finally to their great delight laid an egg; but when the chick was hatched, the parent promptly ate it. Tens of thousands of weak churches undoubtedly produce eggs, often at the cost of heroic effort, but most of them they are compelled to eat themselves.

The popular idea that the organization of every new little church means of necessity the opening of a fresh and growing fountain of missionary liberality, is lamentably untrue. In settled communities the vast majority of little churches are doomed to remain little, with their gifts and activities largely absorbed in the supply of their own necessities.

N at only is this an incalculable loss to the world work of the Kingdom, but its effect on the churches themselves is spiritually narrowing and depressing. Their gaze is turned inward. They become self-centered, or, in St. Peter's language, "blind; seeing only what is near."

HOW DOES IT LOOK TO CHRIST?

How does this over-churching look to Him Who, when laboring in one city, was ever thinking of those "other cities also" yet unvisited? When His narrow-minded Jewish disciples were asking only about the restoration of the kingdom unto Israel, our Lord rebuked them with, "Go ye into all the world; make disciples of all the nations; preach the gospel to every creature." When they still clung to Jerusalem, He sent a persecution to scatter them. When, in the third largest city of the Roman world a little Christian church had a foot-hold, though it was but ten years old, and though heathenism was still regnant and rampant around it, yet God Himself gave the direct command to send away their two best men to carry the Gospel to other nations.

That is God's policy and to give effect to that policy Christ organized His Church. What must He think now, after nineteen centuries, to see 97% of His churches and ministers crowded into a few favored countries while half the world has hardly yet heard of Him? What does He think to see many parts of America so thickly planted with churches that they actually have not room to grow, while sister lands perish for lack of churches? What must Christ think?

KOREAN CHURCH LIFE A recent visitor to Chosen reports: "In Syen Chun fully one-half of the population are Christians. Market day comes every fifth day. Vhen it happens to fallon Sunday, by official act of the city, market day goes over to Monday. All differences between be- lievers are settled by the elders. 'Dare any of you having a matter against another go to law before the unjust and not before the saints?' (1 Cor. 6:1) is li teraIly carried out. "One Sunday a missionary friend called attention to a distinguished Korean gentleman and said: " 'That man has only just been made an elder, although one of the very earliest believers. He is a prominent man. He was made a deacon but the people would not elect him an elder because of his stinginess. He did not give according to his means. In fact we had him up before the session once for his lack of liberality and it was not until he had overcome at this point that he was elected an elder.' "

Transformation Scenes in

The Report of an American Traveler in the Far East BY REV. EDWARD LINCOLN SMITH, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Dr. and Mrs. Smith, with Mr. and Mrs. Franklin H. Warner, have recently returned from an extended tour to the mission /ields in Japan, China and India. Their reports are illuminatin!! and fasc;nal;n!!.-EDIToR.

T HE Church at home ought to realize, far more than she seems to do today, that mission work is not a work of the foreign or home board to which church members contribute at the urgent request of secretaries, but that it is her own· work which secretaries and treasurers are appointed to direct for her. This being true, the churches ought to be more keen in contributing to, in promoting, and in visiting their own work. "Vb-en a church adopts a missionary, one result ought to be a carefully laid plan to send a deputation from that church to visit that missionary in the midst of his distant work. When the appointed delegate' returns with report of progress and needs, attention and' enthusiasm are more apt to follow than from the exhortations of a secretary.

I went to India with many questions in the back of my head. One was, "Do these people value the Gospel highly? Are they willing to suffer for it?" Eyes and ears were open for testimony on that point. Consequently, there was deep interest in the story of Pastor Subramanian of the Wesleyan Mission of Madras. Missionaries spoke of him as a most eloquent Indian preacher and effective evangelist. He is of high caste Brahmin family. When a boy he was sent to a mission school. He soon developed a desire to become a Christian and sought permission from his parents. They refused indignantly and ordered him home at once. As the boy knew that he would never be allowed to return to the school if he obeyed, he decided to remain. One day, however, he was caught outside the school, and taken home by force. Every variety of discipline was used to eradicate his purpose of becoming a Christian. He was beaten, starved, and branded with a red hot iron, the scar of which he carries upon his forehead to this day. One tooth is gone-pried out in the effort to force poison down his throat. He was tied to a pillar of the verandah and beaten by his uncles so cruelly that now, twenty-eight years later, he carries the deep corrugated scars upon his back. His mother upon her knees plead with him to forsake this crazy idea, and not to separate himself from them aU. When he refused again, she cursed him and spat in

his face, as a sign that he could no longer be her son. "That," he said, "was the bitterest moment of my life."

After he had been twenty-four hours without food or water, pity came into the heart of the sister, who in the dead of night was taking her turn at watching. She cut the cords, gave him five rupees, (all she had) and a drink of water, and begged him to run for his life. By good fortune he managed to get to the railway station in the village seven miles away, told his story to the engineer, was taken aboard and so disguised that he escaped recognition by the Brahmins, who searched the train at each station along the road. When they reached his destination, the engineer gave him a lantern to carry, and, smeared with oil and soot, looking like an engineer's helper, he walked unsuspected through the group of searchers and successfully returned to the missionaries. They sent him to school in another district for several years until his family seemed to forget or to lose interest in him. Not even yet are they reconciled to him, but he goes his way, a minister of Jesus Christ, a constant witness to the fact that in India there are men who have had to pay dearly, almost with their lives, for the faith in Christ that is in them.

N otwithstandingthe bitter opposition of the Hindus and the loss of caste which every Christian suffers, there'are today about three million Christians in Ceylon and India.

SOCIAL UPLIFT WORK We find missionaries giving attention to every line of effort which may help the people. A recent experiment in social uplift has been undertaken by the American Board workers at Sholapur in the Marathi Mission, It is an effort to reform and establish in respectable ways of life about three thousand members of the Robber Caste. These people have been put under the care of the ~ission by the Indian Government with an appropriation sufficient to bear the cost of all that is done for them. The missionaries delegated to superintend these unfortunates act as guardians for the entire group, their authority being supported by the· government. They are trying to put the adults to work in the cotton mills of Sholapur, and to teach them to stick to their work and save their wages for their family. Day schools and night schools will be established for the children. Everything possible will be done to improve the personal habits and living conditions of these people. A large bathing tank has been constructed. Sanitation will be given attention; the construction of homes and the care of the family will be improved. Religious services may be introduced and maintained at the discretion of the missionaries; no restraint whatever is imposed by the government upon the propagation of Christianity among these people. The experiment is viewed with great hope and

·TRANSFORMAnON SCENES IN

MEMBERS OF A CRIMINAL TRIBE IN INDIA enthusiasm by the missionaries. They are confident of their ability to greatly benefit their charges physically, morally, and spiritually. These people are clever, their children are quick to learn; and we may find some of the best evangelists of the future coming from this group. What a blessing to the members of this Robber Caste, hunted and hated of men, to discover that it is possible for them to earn an honest living, and to fill a respectable station in life.

While the traveller is meeting congregations, replying to addresses of welcome, receiving countless garlands, inspecting schools and hospitals, he is receiving impressions of certain activities, of which perhaps little mention is made, but which reveal much of the missionaries' life.

For example, there is the school for the blind carried on in Bombay by Miss Anna L. Millard. This work was scorned at first by the Indian people. Who cared to help the blind? What could be done for them, anyhow? Miss Millard secured quarters and gathered into them about forty blind children. These she has taught to read Braille, to sing, to repeat the Bible, to know and love Jesus Christ, and to become self supporting by working with cane. They can mend chairs. They had last October a contract from the government for repairing the cane seats in the passenger coaches and stations. But most wonderful of all is the change in the lives of these pathetic wards_ The presence of love is a new thing; that anyone cares for them is a reve. lation; and t.hat, notwithstanding sightless .eyes, they can earn their own living is a blessing for ~hich no one has ever prepared them to hope. Miss Millard is their mother, the only one on earth who cares for them, the. only one to whom they can. turn in their helplessness.

Since it has been demonstrated that something can be done for the blind, the Indian people have become liberal contributors. The work is carried on today Jargely by what they give. Another most touching and closely allied charity of the missionaries is the care of orphans. Perhaps the traveller makes acquaintance with this phase of philanthropy first at Sholapur in the orphan school of Miss ,Fulcher of the Z. B, M, (Zenana Bible and Medical Mission). Every child there has a thrilling story. One was rescued from a hedge of prickly pear into which she had been thrown to die, One was rescued from an express package at a railway station, from which she was never expected to emerge alive. By such devious ways, these thirty hapless and unwanted girls have found their way to a Christian home and a Christian woman's heart. They have found love in the world, somebody to care, and somebody to help them in their helplessness.

Here again is an argument for Christianity which no one can answer, which the Hindu does not care to dispute, and which is having its widespread though silent influence to convince India's millions that Christianity is different.

Dr. Parker's "Birds' Nest" in Madura is another example of what missionary woman doctors are doing to a greater or less degree. But Dr. Parker has cast an unusual amount of romance about her little orphan family by adopting these dozen boys and gir~s, gIVIng DR. PARKER AND HER ADOPTED INDIAN CHILDREN

TRANSFORMATION SCENES IN

them a separate little home in the rear of the mission compound, a competent Indian woman to watch constantly over their welfare, and every advantage of education. Dr. Parker's oldest daughter is about ready now to join in the medical work of the Mission with excellent training as a medical assistant. One can easily imagine the passionate attachment and gratitude of these children in their mature years when they are able to understand what has been done for them.

The Christians of India are zealous for winning their own people to Christianity, and greatly pleased over the generous offer of a lay friend in America to pay the expenses of a great evangelistic cam- paign, by which fifty workers shall carry the Gospel to fifty new vil- lages. Great preparations are being made to send the best possible workers, and to reap the largest possible reward. Training classes are being held for these new evangelists; and in many cases, trusted and experienced workers are being set free frpm other tasks, that the evangelistic campaign may have the best chance, of success.

Signs are not wanting that a great harvest of converts to Chris- tianity will result. For example, we were traveling late one night to reach a city where we were to be entertained. We had been warned by the missionary to be on the watch at a certain station as there might be someone there to greet us. So we went to the platform and saw drawn up in line beneath the station light; the station master, his wife, his mother, and his seven children to greet the Christian travellers from America. This station master and his family had found Christ. Persecution aplenty had pursued his pathway, but he had persisted in the conviction that what he had been long seeking of truth and light was to be found in Christianity. And now it was evident in the eager- ness of his face, the warmth of his greeting, that he had not been disappointed, but that his soul was at rest through Christ in God. The pride of his heart as he presented his family and greeted us all as fellow Christians is a sign of promise.

And there is no mistake about the mass movements. They are a reality, especially in North India. The motive is not always the purest spiritual motive perhaps, but these people have been so wretched, -so hopeless that no one can say them nay when, in hope of somehow bettering their miserable condition, they turn their faces toward God and ask for Christian teaching.

India cannot do without religion. With her ancient religious faiths and ways she cannot do what she hopes to do and become the power which she hopes to become, under the confidently expected larger opportunity and freedom to be given by the British Government after the war. The logical outcome of it all for India as well as for China and for Japan, is to receive Christ as Saviour and teacher, and move on with the experience of the Kingdom of God in their hearts into the future's mysterious but wonderful, development.

A PANORAMA OF LA PAZ, THE CAPITAL OF

The situation is unique. La Paz is the highes~_ capital city in the world. It is also surrounded by mountains, one of which, the famous snow-capped Illimani, rivals Fujiyama

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BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America Mr. Inman has just returned from a six-months' tour in Latin America, <where he has been able to forward many plans proposed at the Panama <:'ongress.-EDITOR.

T HE trip from Cuzco, the old capital of the Inca empire, to Puno . on Lake Titicaca, is a long thirteen hours through the heart of the Indian country. These Quechua Indians are fascinating, and the terraces stretching from the river valleys far up the sides of the mountains and cultivated by the Indians, the glaciers and snow-capped peaks, help one to forget his shortness of breath up in these altitudes of from twelve to fifteen thousand feet. The famous Indian novel, "Aves sin Nidos," by Clorina Matto, who knew the life of the Indians in the most intimate way, shows how they are exploited by the officiaJs and the priests, and are absolutely without friends or hope. As Martina, one of the characters, exclaims, "We were born Indians, slaves' of the priest, slaves of the Governor, slaves of the chief, slaves of all who take up the club to drive us. Indians! Yes. Death is our beautiful hope of liberty." The plot is developed around the brilliant young lawyer, supposed son of the Governor, and the daughter of a poor Indian who devotes her life to a Spanish family that has befriended her. The girl is then taken into this home and educated. The young people fall in love and are about to be married-when it is revealed to them that they are both children of the same priest. "Who knows," says Madam Matto in the last pages of her book, "when will be recognized the necessity of studying closely the characters of the authorities, both ecclesiastic and civil, that are sent to govern the destinies of those who live in these far-away places in interior Peru?"

Terrible as are the conditions painted in this story, one cannot feel that it is exaggerated. These poor Indians live more like animals than like human beings, and seem to regard themselves as more akin to their burros than to the Spanish-speaking people around them. Exploited by the officials, the priests, the landlords and the traders, without schools or other agencies working for their enlightenment and uplift, they are daily falling lower in the scale of civilization.

The Government in Lima says that serious efforts are being made to provide schools and to help the Indian economically. But the very few schools established do not reach the poor Indian children. Some of the teachers actually do not know how to read and write, and have not the slightest idea of how to approach the difficult problem of putting the Quechua into contact with the life and language of his. Spanish-

speaking brother. A change in their form of s'alutation is significant. In the old Inca days the salutation was in Quechua "Thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not tell a lie," and the response was, "And thou, neither shalt thou be a robber or a liar." But now when one Indian meets another on the road, he sings out, "Ave Maria Purisima," and is answered by "SinPecado Concebida" (conceived without sin).

Arriving at Puno at se'ven in the evening, we stepped from the train on to the wharf where the big English steamer of 1500 tons was waiting to take us over to Guaqui on the Bolivian side of the lake. Something of the enterprise of the sea-going British is felt upon boarding this fine modern steamer up here two miles above the sea. She was built in Scotland, assembled and tried on the Forth, taken down and packed in parts, sent over the seas and mountains and set up again here in the heart of the Andes!

Lake Titicaca is the highest body of navigable water in the world. It was moonlight, and up in these altitudes, with the atmosphere so rare, the moon and stars seem a hundred times brighter and nearer than down by the sea. Here we are in the heart of the great Andean Plateau, over two miles above the sea and with mountains towering ten thousand feet above us still-silent sentinels, pointing us up to God. For here, certainly, He is one's only companion. The world, civilization, the rushing to and fro, the clang of traffic, the marching of armies, are all in another world-a world that seems infinitely remote. Here we are alone with the past. The only people we see are the Indians, Aymaras we now call them, with no change from the time when the Spania'rds found them. They trace their ancestry back to prehistoric folk whose age and origin are lost in antiquity.

Not among the least of the mysteries to me, is why any people should have chosen this cold, bleak, rarefied atmosphere for their breathing. The temperature the year round, though one is little over a dozen degrees from the equator, is a penetrating cold. Only the PQtato and a few other native crops can be raised. There are a few stunted trees, but no cheerful patches of green. The only fuel is the dung of the llamas and the roots of hardy mountain shrubs. Fires for warmth are unknown. Men shiver and turn one side and then the other to the sun, 'when there is sun. One ceases to wonder that the natives worshipped the sun as the greatest of all gods.

Darwin's theory, which makes the present Andes former islands in the Pacific, after which they gradually rose to their present height, would also make Lake Titicaca formerly a part of the sea. This would seem borne out by present conditions. The lake is gradually drying up. No doubt it was formerly very much larger than at present, filling all of the great depression between the eastern and western cordilleras. It is necessary to keep continually dredging the channels for the steamer's ap-

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proach at Puna and Guaqui. The area is about that of Porto Rico or Lake Erie-one hundred and twenty miles by forty. The only other bodies of fresh water that approach Titicaca in the altitude of theit basins are the lakes on the plateau of Tibet. These are not nearly so extensive. The only outlet for Titicaca is the Rio Desaguadero, which flows for a hundred and twenty miles across the desert to Lake Poopo, which no doubt was also once a part of the great inland sea of which Titicaca is the largest remnant.

From Guaqui, on the Bolivian side of the lake, ,we took the train for the four-hour journey to La Paz. A little beyond Guaqui we came to the most famous ruins of the ancient civilization in Bolivia at Tehuanaco. These are the last ruins one finds on the journey south, and they are in many ways the most wonderful. Here not only the walls of the buildings remain intact, but also a considerable amount of carving. Many believe that these ruins represent the oldest civilization in South America, and that the Incas, a less civilized, but more warlike people, succeeded in conquering its creators. Peruvian archaeologists, however, maintain that the oldest civilization is represented by the coast tribes, the life of which is revealed in the ruins near Trujillo. * Bolivia is a great land in which Texas might be placed twice and still leave room for New York and Tennessee. Its estimated population is about two million, of which fully half are of pure Indian blood. There are 23 1,000 whites. La Paz, the capital of the republic, has about 80,000 people. Three missionary boards are doing work in Bolivia, the Methodist Episcopal, Canadian Baptist and the Bolivian Indian Mission. The Methodist work is the largest and centers in La Paz and Cochabamba, in both of which cities there is an American Institute, organized under government patronage several years ago and conducted after the model of boys' boarding schools in the United States. All the features which make such school life pleasant and profitable have been introduced, including literary societies, the Boy Scout movement, school publications, athletic associations, etc. The schools have developed rapidly and are well and favorably known all over Bolivia. When the school in Cochabamba was opened, with the support and approval of the Bolivian Congress, accommodations were provided for one hundred and fifty pupils, but when the first session began, two hundred and fifty were enrolled. Several other Bolivian cities are urging that American schools be established there.

Up to three years ago the Government gave them a subvention of about $ 12,000 gold annually, which supported the schools in a splendid way, however. on account of the financial crisis, incident to the outbreak • The best works 011 this subject are Sir Clements Markham's "The Incas of Peru" and the various reports of t?e recent expedition of Prof. Bingham of Yale University. Sir Clements, a former presIdent. of the Royal Geographical Society, gave a lifetime to the study of these people. and theJr country and is the accepted authority concerning them.

of the European War, this support has recently been discontinued. This has seriously embarrassed these worthy institutions and they will have to close their doors, if the Methodist Board does not come to their rescue.

The Bolivian Indian Mission, an independent organization having its headquarters in New Zealand, does work exclusively among the In- dians, their center of operations being at San Pedro. They have five couples at the present time on the field. Mr. George Allen, head of the Mission, is at the present time in the United States soliciting funds. The missionaries live on a pitiably small financial margin and seldom return to the field after they once leave. At times they must get along on three to five dollars a week. Their work is greatly limited in this way. They cannot be assured of permanent workers nor look forward to a well-directed educational program, probably the Indian's greatest need. Evangelical work among them has been too largely in the nature of sporadic efforts under independent auspices.

While the independent workers have sacrificed in a wonderful way and have gone all through these lands sowing Scriptures and Christian tracts, there is a certain sadness in the lack of permanency of the work. If the Indians have any conception at all of the things these workers tried to give them, they must in most cases be more puzzled than be- fore as to the meaning of the Christian Gospel. In Jujuy, for example, tliere are five denominations working among the Indians. The workers come and go, not only here but throughout the whole of Bolivia. What is needed is a number of permanent centers, well-established, and with a definite policy that will continue through the years.

These poor ignorant Indians must ~ot only be given instruction in spiritual things, but, baffled as they are by their contact with civilization, they must be aided in the solution of their social and economic problems. They are essentially an agricultural people and their education should fit them better for their close relationship with the soil. In addition to their spiritual destitution, alcohol and the coco leaf are steadily destroying them physically. A prominent Bolivian in the diplomatic service of his country said of them: "The national progress . makes us more than ever desire to raise the miserable condition of our people, composed in the larger part of these unfortunate Indians, victims of unmentionable abuses and oppression. . . . It is no exaggeration to say that the present condition of the Bolivian Indian is a nation21 disgrace and a terrible indictment of the good name of the Republic."

At La Paz I met Bishop W. F. Oldham and Dr. W. E. Browning, the newly elected Educational Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America. Dr. Browning was aiding Bishop Oldham in a thorough investigation of conditions in La Paz. The school there now has to occupy three different properties having an aggregate annual

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rental of such proportions as to seriously handicap the work. Bishop Oldham has invited the Canadian Baptist Mission to co-operate with his church in the future development of the school, which will be along more distinctly evangelical lines than was possible when the Government furnished the funds. It is hoped that the Baptist Board will co-operate. With a more positive religious influence, these schools can contribute to the development of a strong native ministry, which is such a crying need.

Here, as elsewhere, the great need is an educated ministry. At present, the Methodists have only four Bolivian preachers and the Baptists, one. None of these have had theological training. It has now been agreed that the Missions of Bolivia and Peru shall unite in the support of a training school for ministers and in the publication of a union paper. Under this agreement El Cristiano, the paper at pres~nt published in Lima by the South American Evangelical Union under the direction of Mr. Ritchie, becomes the organ of all the evangelical missions in the two countries.

The present government of Bolivia is a liberal one, favorably inclined toward the Protestant work, especially along educational lines, and has taken great strides toward the development of an adequate public school system. Bolivia did her best to get a Protestant missionary society to lead in the new program, but we were not ready. So she has recently invited a number of Belgian teachers to organize anJ direct her school system. They are doing the work well educationally, but their influence is materialistic and frankly against the Gospel. The agnosticism ofthese educational leaders makes it all the more important that mission schools be developed. The Jesuit colleges and seminaries are very finely equipped and the directors !ire more liberal than ordinarily found in Latin America. All this is making it increasingly difficult for the Mission Schools to compete.

. The Evangelical Churches seem hardly to have touched the life of La Paz. The combined congregations on Sunday evening did not reach one hundred. The Canadian Baptists, after long years of work, have only twelve members in their church. In all Bolivia there are only a few over a hundred members of the Evangelical Churches. Most of the missionaries are new. Few have had any special preparation before coming to their field, and their Spanish is not such as to draw educated people to the services. One is impressed with the lack of organization and definite plans, both in the evangelistic and educational work. The field is so undermanned that the men who are there find it impossible to do their work properly or to get time for any larger program.

One of the greatest needs for La Paz is a Christian hospital. The Government several years agel started to build a good hospital, but never completed it. If a Christian organization were willing to take it in hand, they would no doubt turn it over to them. In fact the liberal government is progressive and willing to co-operate with us.

New Evangelical Seminary of

BY REV. JOHN HOWLAND, D.D., MEXICO CITY President of the Seminary and a Missionary of the American Board, 1882 O N the ninth of July last there was opened in the Mexican capital an institution which is the fruition of much prayer and effort. It promises to be the beginning of many important developments. All the evangelical missions in Mexico have, from the first, made attempts to meet the need for properly trained workers and the theological schools established by them have produced some excellent pastors and preachers. * Generally, however, the denominational seminaries for ministerial training have been extremely limited departments of schools for general education.

The Conference of missionaries from Mexico and officers of the Mission Boards, held in Cincinnati in 1913, recommended the founding of a union seminary and a committee was appointed to advance the project. The Latin-American Missionary Conference in Panama last February gave a new impulse to the effort and in the National Convention in Mexico City in March a provisional arrangement was made to open the institution. Representatives of eight organizations pledged their societies to the support of the school, on the basis of a percentage of the total amount expended annually by each denomination for missionary work in Mexico. The co-operating societies are: the Congregationalists, Disciples, Friends, Methodists, North and South, Presbyterians, North and South, and the Young Men's Christian Association. So far as we can learn, not another evangelical institution in the world counts on the co-operation of as many different denominational bodies.

The final authority of the institution is vested in the Home Committee, composed of one representative of e~ch of the contributing societies. The local management is in the hands of an Administrative Council whose members must reside in or near the capital. Each Board appoints one member of the council and another for each thousand dollars contributed in excess of the first thousand. The institution is not to be responsible for any outlay for students, who are to be entirely dependent on mission support or on their own resources. There will thus be complete impartiality towards all the denominations. The teachings are to be those common to all the supporting communions; but special denominational doctrines and polity are to be presented by special lecturers.

• The Presbyterian school in Tlalpam and later in Coyoacan, the Methodist North in Puebla, the Methodist South in San Luis Potosi, the Baptist in Monterrey and Torre6n and the Congregationalists in Guadalajara have been in a considerable measure successful in their attempts to meet the situation.

God ·seems to have favored the new enterprise in many ·ways. A large house, owned by a wealthy English family, had been vacant for four years, and has now been leased. The house seems almost to have been built for the purpose. The "Mary Keener Institute," which the Methodist Church South sustained successfully for years as a boarding and day school for girls, had been closed for several years on account of the unsettled political conditions. The Women's Council very kindly offered the use of the furniture to the Seminary.

The location of the house is excellent-near the public library and museum and only a block from the Y. M. C. A., which furnishes special privileges for the students in the line of physical culture. The principal evangelical churches are quite near, so that .the students may study the methods and work under the direction of the metropolitan pastors.

The first five students to present themselves for enrolment were from five different denominations. Fourteen were enrolled during the first month-one from Sonora in the extreme northwest, another from Chihuahua at the north, and a third from Tamaulipas in the northeast. The revolution has caused so much confusion that the Missions are unable, as yet, to send any of their younger and incompletely prepared preachers to the Seminary for further study; but it is hoped that this may be done in the future.

The Mexican pastors and congregations show much interest in the new establishment and the dedication services on July eighth were largely attended. The Seminary is already the meeting place for the Pastors' Union and the Union Normal Class for Sunday-school teachers. Its professors are in constant demand for preaching, teaching, addresses and committee work of many kinds.

While the Seminary has been opened under especially favorable conditions, it has some vital needs which must be supplied by special gifts. The furniture it is using should be surrendered or purchased within a reasonably short time. It has no library, or even the most indispensable books of reference. The work of the professors is seriously hampered by the complete lack of secretarial equipment and assistance. It is important that scholarships be given for students from the different churches. It is hoped that hostels for students will be established as soon as the permanent location of the Seminary is determined.

While the Christian workers in this country, both Mexicans and foreigners, are enthusiastic about the Seminary as something of the greatest importance, they are more anxious that its success may be assured because they believe that it may prove to be the first step towards the attainment of a strong non-sectarian evangelical University. May the stewards of the Lord's money rise to this great opportunity!

Conditions in

BY CLAYTON SEDGWICK COOPER A RGENTINA, more than any other South American country, seems to have renounced the medievalism of the South American Republics and exchanged it for the most up-to-date modernity. The atmosphere of antiquity found in Peru, Bolivia and Chile has been dissipated here by reason of the inflow of twentieth century life from Europe and the United States. Argentina is a child of the present.

James Bryce has called her "The United States of the Southern Hemis- phere." The difference from the republics on the West Coast is especially noticeable in the field of religion. Religiously Argentina makes little or no impression upon the visitor. To be sure, there is a fashion of religious worship here, especially among the older families of the "estancia" class. Roman Catholicism is declared by the Constitution of the Republic to be supported by the State and the President and Vice-Presidt;nt are required to profess that faith. There are, however, no strictures placed upon any other form of religious worship, such as are found in Peru, for example; there is no political party allied with the clergy and the influence of the priests is not felt to any extent in the realm of politics.

The itppression made on a visitor in this exceedingly materialistic atmosphere is that the men of the country generally regard the Roman Catholic Church as one of the relics of an old Spanish world. It is a creation of the past, and to that extent, interesting, and to be retained as a traditional accompaniment of other institutions, but having little relation to present daily life and conduct. As one Argentino put it, "We are quite willing that the Church should exist so long as it does not interfere with business or politics." The theology of the Roman organiza-' tion is almost a dead letter in the minds of the educated classes, and the priests who rule the people of the West Coast of South America by making them more or less blindly submissive to the rites and ceremonies of another century, are failing quite completely to hold the new forwardlooking spirit of Argentina. The old fiery vigor and pious devotion of the early Conquistadores, who brought with their adventurous love of gold certain outward marks of piety at least, are conspicuous by their absence in this atmosphere of newness and utilitarian progress.

The deities worshipped primarily in the beautiful and ostentatious capitol of Buenos Aires are pleasure and money, especially horse-racing, theatre going, and business enterprises. There is, to be sure, a certain amount of civic idealism, for the Portenos, as the inhabitants of Buenos Aires are styled, are outdone by none in their pride of municipal improvements; but here idealism seems to end. As for religious or spiritual aspirations, they reveal very little tendency to build habitations for the spirit and religion. The first settlers who came to the shores of New England were impelled by a desire for freedom in the worship of God. while the early Spanish pioneers to South America were moved by a de- ONE OF THE SHRINES WHERE THE ELITE OF ARGENTINA WORSHIP . ., In front of the private stand where the wealthy men and women of Argentina view the races and make their bets sire for material gain. Argentina is at present in a transition stage and the dazzling of her new wealth has caused her for the moment to forget that, as Matthew Arnold has said: "By the soul only The nation shall be great and free."

The result of this indifference to religion is apparent on every hand, and there is an astonishing lack of any personal acquaintance with the Bible.

A prominent journal of Buenos Aires began recently to print quotations from the Bible in its columns without giving the source. Shortly afterward a letter was received from a gentleman in another city of the Republic, who evidently had some degree of education, asking the editor from what source these quotations were taken and inquired where he could secure a copy of the book containing such illuminating and helpful ideas. The paper continued these quotations from the Scriptures and the readers of the journal have become keenly interested in the discovery

THE COMING GENERATION IN ARGENTINA~SHALL THEY BE ATHEISTS OR CHRISTIANS?

A group of Argentina school ch i1dren from whom the future .leaders will come of a literature which heretofore has been almost entirely unknown to many of them. This is a reminder of the fact, which is vividly brought home to those who travel in the Republics on the West Coast, that the Spanish-American Republics received from Spain and Portugal a religion which was guided almost entirely by the clergy who read their Bibles in Latin and closed them almost impregnably to the laity.

Among the students of Argentina, we found a similar lamentable ignorance regarding the Christian Scriptures. A student about to sail for Europe showed to a friend of mine a copy of Victor Hugo, portions of which, he declared, he had formed the habit of reading each night before retiring, as a means of literary and spiritual stimulation. My friend, who had a Testament in his pocket, suggested that the student should make the experiment of reading parts of the Gospel in like manner. To his amazement he found that the student had never so much as opened the Bible, but was destined to get absolutely his first impression of this remarkable literature in reading this New Testament on his steamer voyage.

Lecky has said, "The record of three choice years of the active life of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften mankind than all the disquisitions of philosophers and all the exploitations of moralists," and it is pathetic that the youth of one of the most promising nations should be in almost blank ignorance of a book which has so deeply influenced human civilization and has so radically transformed individuals.

The students of the University of Buenos Aires, six thousand in

number, furnish a field for labor along religious lines which is second to none that we know. These students are scattered throughout a large, pleasure-loving and materialistic city, rarely under any supervision or moral control. 'Vhile they have turned their backs upon the Roman Catholic religion of the country because of its obscurantism, bigotry and low standards, they have as yet found no positive faith to take its place. They have putoff the old without taking on new religious beliefs and are ready disciples to infidelity, rationalism or agnosticism, and also to socialistic and anarchistic tendencies.

The professors are one with the students in their disregard of religion. One well-known and influential teacher of an Argentina University stated recently that he was devoting all the spare time of his Hfe to the att~mpt to destroy whllt he considered one of the gre3 test enemies to his tountry's pr(jgress-r~liglbfi~tneaning the Roman Catholic faith.

it seemed to be his endeavor to place iii its stead a brand of French rationalism. The instructors openly teach agnosticism and ratiol1alism in their classes. The tide of indifference, and even al1tagonism to construc- tive religious faith has riscn so high that men like the Vice-Rector of La Plata University warn their fellow-countrymen concerning the effect which this type of thinking is sure to have upon the character of the youth.

"It is with great sadness," said this Vice-Rector in one of his recent ONE OF'THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES OF ARGENTINA A well ·to-do f a rm e r and some of hi s Vaqueros . Ma ny o f the ~e la rge fa rmlng and ca ttle·rai5~ng communities are without religious infl uences

addresses at the opening of the college year, "that I witness the steady decrease in the number of unselfish, idealistic, genuine men; how engulf- ing the tide of selfishness, of rebellion, of undiscipline, and of insatiable ambition; impunity so commonly supplants justice that I fear for the spiritual future of the land of my children unless we make haste to remedy the great evil, which is dis,regard for the noble and the great, and unmeasured lust for material riches."

The influence of irreligion is so great that 'one of the teachers in the University told me that the immigrant coming to Argentina with his old world custom of worship, loses his religion almost entirely after he has been in the country for two or three years. We were surprised to find that here, contrary to the conditions found in every one of the Republics west of the Andes, the women representing the educated classes at least, have very little interest in religion and the majority of them never go to church. The Y. M. C. A., which enrolls a thousand members in Buenos Aires, 75% of whom are Argentinos, has not been able to get hold religiously of the educated men, and the secretaries say that this forms one of the most discouraging features of their work. Plans are now shaping with a view to give particular attention to the crying spiritual needs of these students, and an Argentine secretary of advanced education and training, both in Europe and the United States, has been engaged to devote his time exclusively to the far-reaching work of acquainting the University men in a personal way with the Protestant faith.

Among the foreign institutions which are doing good work in stemming the tide of materialistic indifference to religion, are the mission schools conducted by foreigners, the American Church, which has a strong hold upon a wide circle of English and American residents, and a number of private educational efforts, like the Instituto Ward, where commercial education is given to a goodly number of boys, many of whom are sons of wealthy land holders. In this latter institution we found among the teachers an ex-Catholic priest who had embraced Protestant Christianity and was most devoted to his work of teaching boys. He informed us that he believed there were many priests of the Roman Church in this country who would gladly leave that faith today if they could find any other means of earning a living. Their training had been almost entirely along ecclesiastical and _unpractical lines and when they sought employment outside the Church or monastery, they found themselves practically helpless. We find few better examples of the religious idealism of North America than that revealed in such practical institutions as this Instituto Ward, founded and supported for years bv the late Mr. Ward, of N ew York City, whose name is associated in the minds of most people only with the production of bread.

It would seem to be the time of times for those who are interested in the religious development of nations to consider Argentina-a Republic that is rapidly emerging from a period of medieval ecclesiastical

Rl<:UG10US CONl:>l'rloNS IN ARGEN'rlNA

authority, but which as yet'has not discovered the idealism of a Christian democracy. The conditions and opportunity are graphically stated in the report of one of the Christian missionaries concerning Argentina: "The loss of persecuting power and prescige by the established Church, tht: extension of education, commercial relations, contact with foreigners and acquaintance with us and our work, have replaced suspicion with confidence. There is some awakening to the fact that the needs of the people religiously have not been met. This field is absolutely open for evangelical work in all parts, provided it is carried on with sufficient means and in a sufficiently dignified way to demand respect, but the work must be of an increasingly higher grade, more thoroughly educational and scientific, and with churches and schools of adequate importance and equipment to comman-l respect in lands where public buildings are always noteworthy. On the other hand the growth of indifference and irreligion has been so rapid that there is a large class of the more highly educated people entirely inaccessible to the Gospel message under present conditions."

Those who would help this "amazing Argentina" of today, must approach her with the real- ization that they will find in this Republic an exhibition of external materialism- which combines the worship of pleasure found in Paris A LIGHT HOUSE IN ARGENTINA with the devotion to money-getting The American Bible House-Buenos Ayres seen in the most utilitarian sections of the United States. They will find here a people alert, intellectual and ready for every new thing in science, in education and in the fine arts of life. It is a people weary of a ceremonial religion which has not satisfied the cravings of either the intellect or the soul. In few countries is there a more insistent need for the vital Christian religion that reveals itself in character. The reaction time from all this "lust of the flesh, the lust of the world and the pride of life" is already be- ginning to be evident in Argentina. They who can help her in the dis- covery of a new and satisfying religious idealism will be her lasting friends.

of Japan and

BY DR. FRED B. FISHER Dr. Fisher, on his way to India, in the interests of the "Methodist Mass Movement," saw things with the eye of an expert. He here re- ports some interesting impressions of Japan and Chosen.-EDIToR.

lAPAN shows material advancement standard of livirtg. They need to be on every hand; courtesy abounds; saved not only from future hell but from unique and artistic dress; smiling faces; the hell in which they now live, and not children everywhere and always; flowers only to some future heaven but to a of all colors, both natural and artificial; heaven here on earth. For this very maidens in kimonos as though they had reason one wishes the Japanese would stepped off a fan or tea box; scenery show educational, moral and spiritual both in mountain and plain; water devotion as well as national efficiency. plentiful; gardens clean and luxuriant; Many of the Koreans are naturally energy and vivacity evident in every bitter over the loss of national indeaction and gesture of the people. Am- pendence, but foreign control of some bition and pride mark the men, while kind was inevitable. They were inshy obedience and smiling coquettishness capable of self rule because of lack of show forth in the women. Their char- unity. Now Korea must go to school acteristics fascinated us. We fell in among the nations. She must take love with the Japanese at first sight. advantage of all that Japanese rule can give her. Civilization is knocking once Passing on to Korea, now renamed again at her door, this time forcibly, Chosen by the Japanese rulers, there was and she must arise and let the worldly opportunity to see Japan at work as a stranger in. There are many things her Coloniser. Here too, material advance guest will teach her. Whether the type is the main impression. Spiritual and of teaching will mean independence in moral purpose and goal are absent. The the distant future remains to be seen. Governor General, the ]'vlinister of the Regardless of to-morrow, she must take Home Department, the Minister of Education and other officials are high advantage of to-day. minded and courteous men, justly proud Efficiency and unity are the watchof achievements during the six years since annexation. After meeting other words of Japan: She sees the need of provincial authorities, Korean students Oriental uplift and feels that her position and merchants, missionaries and native gives her the pre-eminent right to attempt pastors, Japanese travelers, European to lead all the East along her path. She and American residents-and having looks upon herself as the link between questioned them all-the conclusion is the Occident and the Orient. Her misthat Japanese occupation has given the sion must be to take the best ot -each and I(oreans the best government they ·have give to the other. It is a high ambition ever had. It is likewise giving them the and worthy of a nation's devotion. If best economic and educational oppor- she were less selfish in her approach she tunities they have known. could convince the world of her sin- cerity. Just now Japan is putting much One cannot get away from the feeling faith in the Ishii mission to the United that economic betterment is the crying States. If good feIIowship and real coneed of the Oriental peoples. What operation is established between the squalor in the villages I I t is hopeless United States and Japan, I believe the to bring them to a better life unless the future tranquillity and progress of the Christianity we carry them lifts the Pacific East will be assured.

~J"M-"'''-'B''E'~S'~T''''M"'''E''T''H-''O''D'''S''''''T'n'~

Edited by MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

IDEAS FOR MISSIONARY THANK-OFFERINGS Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Thank-Offering Secretary of Women's Board of the United Presbyterian Church.

G OD'S people are always safe in welcome at any hour, and that the Host undertaking anything upon which -the Lord Himself, ever stands ready is written-HThus saith the Lord." to receive His guests in His own house.

In the beginning, when God estab- But are we to come near to our Lord lished the first family on earth, He empty-handed? Again read the invita- taught both parents and children to •tion : HCome near and bring Thank- worship Him with offerings. From that Offerings."-Offerings of praise for time until the present, God has set His God's goodness: day by day: offerings seal of approval upon gift-worship. of love and gratitude for the gift of His 'Vhile 'all our gifts to God should Son and for all the Father has done for partake of the spirit of gratitude, the the world through Him: offerings of Thank-Offering is the gift over and gold and silver that through them above the usual measure of, liberality others may learn how to draw near to and given in recognition of mercies and Him.

blessings received. This invitation is just as urgent to What Invitation Does God Give His God's people to-day as it was two thou- People Concerning Thank-Offerings? sand years ago. It comes to you, as all individual. Your name, and your ad- Listen to God's answer: Come near, dress are carefully written down in and bring Thank-Offerings into the God's record book. house of the Lord. ' What are you personally going to do 2 Chronicles 29:31 with this invitation? It is a solemn "Come near"-don't stand afar off. question. If you accept, will you plan, Do not remain away from Me. "Draw as the wise men of old, to bring your nigh unto Me, and I will draw nigh richest and best gifts to your Lord? unto you." Can it be that there is one Christian HCome near"-that you may be con- who will refuse? Is there one who wiII scious of lVIy presence; that you may make an excuse for not accepting? hear My voice speaking to you moment 'Will any say-HI am not interested in by moment. the giving of Thank-Offerings?" or-HI "Corne near"-that I may fill you am too busy to accept the invitation" or with My Spirit, and thus make you fit -HI have not means to give large for My use. gifts, therefore, I will give none?"

"Come near"-that I may know that you love to come. . Stop and Consider!

The invitation gives no date. This shows that the way is always open to If a similar invitation should come "come near" to God. No hours of from some earthly king, how eagerly limitation are given, such as are usually you would expend time and thought in included in invitations from earthly preparation to ,accept. With what care friends. !fence! we an aS$ured of a you would select your ~ift, and how

willingly you woul9 even risk paying ONE who will keep in close touch with for it beyond your financial ability in all her Women's, Young Women's and order to give a gift equal to that of your Junior Societies through letters and adneighbor! This invitation comes from dresses. the King of kings, and ·through HIs special messenger. What will you do? ONE who will persevere until she has the name and address of the chairman of Will you accept the invitation and the Thank-Offering Committee in every concarry your richest and best gift to "the gregation. house of the Lord" with a heart over- Howing with gratitude for the high priv- ONE who helps to establish a Thankilege He has bestowed upon you? 'Will Offering Circle in every congregation that you accept, and give your offering with has failed to organize a Mi~sionary Society. a prayer that God will bless it in leading others to give? Will you'! ONE who carefully and prayerfully studies the Missionary Magazine from month HOW TO ORGANIZE THANK- to month with the purpose of keeping her work up to date. OFFERING WORK. ONE who patiently answers all letters I.-Have the Woman's Board ap- of inquiry promptly, and encourages compoint (or elect) one of its consecrated, munications from her constituency. liberal-hearted members as General Thank-Offering Secretary to have spe- ONE who keeps the work and needs of cial charge of the work; to superintend the Thank·Offering Department prominent the publication of literature on the sub- before her Presbyterial, and claims a place ject of "Giving," and to keep the work on every program. before societies through letters, addresses and the pages of the denomina- ONE who plans and pushes her work so tional miSSIOnary magazine. as to have each year an increase in offer- ings over the previous year. 2.-Have each district society (Presbyterial or otherwise) elect a Thank- ONE who cheerfully commends every so- Offering Secretary to keep the work in ciety that has, during the year, made some every way- possible before its auxiliaries, increase in gifts, and who gently reminds and to report to the Board. the delinquent ones of the need of putting forth special effort for more liberality dur- 3.-Have in each congregation a ing the coming year. Thank-Offering Committee, composed preferably of the president and one ac- ONE who strives to make her work tive generous member from each mis- more efficient each year, and is willing to sionary society – Women's, Young remain in office as long as God calls her Women's and ]uniors,-to have full to that special work for Him. charge of the local work, to prepare for the "Annual Ingathering" and to report An Ideal Committee regularly to the Presbyterial Secretary. A permanent committee composed of the IDEAL WORKERS President and one active member and lib- eral giver from each missionary society in An Ideal Secretary a congregation.

ONE who "does with her might whatso- ONE that has the subject of giving kept ever her hand findeth to do." before every society from month to month, through the distribution of helpful literature ONE who loves her work and who by and through messages upon charts or black- boards. precept and example keeps the subject of giving to God gifts of gratitude before ONE that early each year sees to having societies. at least one Senior Thank-Offering box in every home and Junior boxes placed in all ONE who makes her Thank-Offering homes where there are children under fifwork an object of daily prayer. teen years of age.

ONE that begins early to plan for the Annual "Ingathering" and aims to have

9 1 71 BEST METHODS

each succeeding service more interesting and her offering annually, when very many of more inspiring than the previous one. the blessings which call for recognition in form of gifts have been forgotten, but who ONE that keeps the last offering prominent follows the Scripture rule to give regubefore the societies and Pl'ts forth persistent larly, systematically and proportionately into effort to have each Women's and Young the Lord's Treasury. Women's Society on the Honor Roll by doubling its offering and each Junior or- ONE who at the beginning of her Thanlrganization win a similar place by giving an Offering year-which is the .ci~y she will average of one dollar per member as Thank- have given her previous year's offering into Offering. the treasury-resolves to place in her Thank- Offering bolt a certain sum each day or each ONE that has its Secretary give due week, however small it must needs be, and notices of "Ingatherings" from the pulpit, as special blessings come into her life, she and sends Qut invitations to attend (printed adds a special offering. or otherwise)-to all the women whose names are upon the church roll and ad- ONE who studies to know the work which herents, whether members of societies or Dot. the Thank-Offerings help to support in order to be an intelligent giver. ONE composed of women so deeply consecrated to this special work, that they will ONE who gives and gives and continues keep in mind that the Thank-Offering work to give until she learns to love to give, so is the Lord's, and who know no fear in that all her gifts become real love offerings personally soliciting liberal gifts from all in the sight of her Lord. who are fi,nancially able to give. MY THANK-OFFERING CREED- ONE that will render cheerful aid to the Magazine agent in efforts to introduce the believe that God is my Heavenly Missionary Magazine into every home. Father an<J that I am His child.

ONE that begins, continues and ends all I believe that to me-"His mercies are efforts in prayer. new every morning," and that-nHe An Ideal Giver _daily loadeth me with benefits." be1ieve that in return I shou1d daily ONE who ever strives to stir up her own heart to gratitude by keeping watch for the load Him with thanksgiving and blessings and mercies which God daily be- prove my gratitude with Thank-Ofstows upon her. ferings. I believe that God has called me to be ONE who sees good in everything that a co-worker with Him in bringing comes into her daily life, and who proves the world to a knowledge of Christ her gratitude through frequent offerings that the Saviour. others less blessed may come to know and I believe that He wants to use my time, love the "Giver of every good and perfect my talents, my prayers, and my gift." means to this end. believe that the Holy Spirit will en- ONE who strives by precept and practice able me to consecrate my all to Him, to create and deepen the true spirit of grati- in gratitude for what my Lord has tude in the hearts of others. done for me.

ONE who makes faithful use of her Amen and Amen. Thank-Offering box, and thus helps to make it a real "blessing box" ih her home. .. Suggestion: The above "Creed" printed in attractive form on tinted panels with eye- ONE who accompanies every gift placea lets at top for ribbon and hung up in homes in her box with a prayer. should incite to more liberal giving by God's people. ONE who will practice self-denial to contribute a special gift for God's special mercies and blessings to her and hers.

ONE who is never satisfied with giving

AN OPEN LETTER 6. How can societies keep the thank- offering subject before their members? To Officers of Missionary Societies. 7. How can the thank-offerings of Very much depends upon what you congregations be increased from year to do-now-at once-whether or not the year? gifts from your societies will receive the Lord's "Well done" this year. 8. What can Presbyterials do to en- large their thank-offerings? Your responsibility for keeping the subject of gifts of gratitude before your 9. What can societies do to help the congregation is great. God has placed women of the church to be more inin your hands the power to help make telligent givers to missions? the Thank-Offering a success or a failure 10. Why is it not enough for Chris- tians to give their tithes to the Lord? Leave not one good plan untried! Why should they give thank-offerings? Leave not one prayer unuttered. Leave not one woman unsolicited. WHOSE IS IT-MINE OR GOD'S? Leave not one available gift ungiven. What say the Scriptures? "The sil- Many good Christian women fail to ver is mine and the gold is mine, saith the give because not asked. Do yours? Lord." Haggai 2 :8.

Plan now! Pray now! Ask now! Beware that thou forget not the Lord The Church needs your efforts! thy God, lest when thou hast built The work needs your prayers! goodly houses and dwelt therein, and thy The Lord needs your gifts! silver and thy gold is multiplied, then thine heart be lifted up, and thou say in He needs you! thine heart:-"My power and the might You need ,Him! of my hand hath gotten me this wealth. But thou shalt remember the Lord thy His Promise: God: for He it is that giveth thee power to get wealth. Deuteronomy 8: 11-18. "Work for I am with you, saith the Lord." -Haggai 2 :4. God giveth thee power-life, health, wisdom and talents, to gain wealth. TEN QUESTIONS Why? To be used for self? Nay! but for the uplift of mankinn to His honor The following questions may be used and glory. When God's people reach in 'a Conference. They should be that high plane of giving, where they called by number and answered by the recognize God's ownership, and that they leader or by some one or more previously are only His stewards, then, and only appointed: then, will the problems of right giving be solved. 1. What is the object in urging the giving of daily or weekly offerings rather What is needed today to bring this than annual offerings? great principle of stewardship into ac- tual operation? Children easily learn 2. Why cannot the thank-offerings the Scriptural truth that-tIThe tithe he used to make up the "mission budget" is the Lord's"-that one cent of every of a congregation? ten and ten cents of every dollar be- longs to God; that He claims them as 3. Should money given as a thank- His as surely as He claims the Sabbathoffering be used in paying a church debt one seventh of our time as His own. or for congregational purposes? It is often difficult to convince older 4. Does the giving of large thank- people that they are "robbing God" offerings lessen the amounts given as (Malachi 3:10), when they withhold contributions through societies, and the from Him one-tenth of their income, but congregational gifts to the Church when they are thoroughly converted to Boards? thr; truth of this Scripture teaching and 5. How can societies procure money to meet the expense of carrying on the thank-offering work in their congrega- tio~~ ?

• BEST METHODS

faithfully and prayerfully set apart the Then the windows of the heavens would one-tenth as the Lord's, they are not open wide at His command, satisfied till they also give free-will of- And He'd pour us out a blessing that would ferings from the nine-tenths. Then the overflow the land."

question of every consecrated life is- What more can I do to prove my love "If we only had the money it would give for my Lord? And then is placed upon redemption's song God's altar the beautiful thank-offer- To weary hearts now crying out 'How long, ing-the true love offering-which IS Oh Lord, how long?'

the cap-sheaf of giving. And the 'thirsty land' would blossom, and the 'waiting isles' would sing, WHAT IS LACKING? H we only had the money that belongeth What is one great reason why, during to our King."

nineteen hundred years, the parting com- "It would gild those saddened faces with the mand of Christ: "Go, preach the gospel to beams of Bethlehem. every creature," has not been obeyed? And the 'solitary places' would rejoice and -Lack of money. sing' for them.

Why have not all the world's fields, o ye stewards! Get ye ready! Soon will opened by God to His people, been entered? come the reckoning, -Lack of money. When you'll answer for the money that be- Why has mission work already begun been longeth to our King."

sadly crippled at times? IF YOU WERE A HEATHEN -Lack of money. WOMANI Why are student volunteers not hastening Reader! If you were one of the milto enter the wide open doors of nations with the gospel? lions of heathen women: -Lack of money. Unwelcome at birth; Untaught in childhood; Why are so many home and foreign mis- Unloved in wifehood; sionaries over-worked and falling by the Uncherished in widowhood; way? Unprotected in old age; Unlamented when dead- -Lack 0/ helpers.

Why is there this lack of helpers? What would you ask of the Christian -Lack of money. women of America? "Think on these things." Philippians 4 :8. Why is there lack of money in the Lord'. treasury? You only need to hold up to view your own present condition in contrast -Lack of effort. with the sad picture of a legion of your Why is there lack of effort by God's sisters in heathen lands, to see that God people? is literally pouring out His richest bless- ings both temporal and spiritual upon -Lack of faith. you. Are you correspondingly grateful'! Why is there such lack of faith? Do you prove your gratitude with thank- -Lack of love.

Why is there lack of love? offerings, that others may learn to know -Lack of prayer. your Saviour and love Him? If not-why not'!

OUR KING'S MONEY IN CHRIST'S LIKENESS "If we only had the money that belongeth to In this age, many generous givers- our King, yea 1 even some whose names are en- rolled as followers of Christ Jesus, are If the reapers of God's harvests would their content with feeding the hungry, cloth- tithes and offerings bring,

ing the naked, caring for the sick, and know no Saviour as we go down to death; providing comforts for the soldiers of we have never heard His word." our own and other lands. All these gifts are pleasing to Christ if given in Mountaineers the true spirit, but to be Christ-like one must go much farther in his giving. From the Southern Highlands of America, away back in the remote recesses of the Christ's chief aim in doing good was mountains, I'oices are calling! the saving of souls. Many Christians today are pouring large sums into the "Oh ye Christians! Come and save us treasury for the "sake of their country," from our ignorance of what is right, and while they contributed but mites into the from our degradation. Mormon eIders-un- Lord's treasury to carry the glad news der the cloak of religion-are winning many of a Saviour to the lost world. of our fairest and best daughters by their sly persuasive words to live lives of shame. Why not begin now to observe the Save—oh save ns, now, we plead " Scripture rule. Upon the first day of the week, let everyone lay by him in Freedmen. store as God hath prospered him. 1 Corinthians 16 :2. From the millions of blacks in the South- land I'oices are calling! Regular giving-"Upon the first day of the week." "True we are living under the Hag of the free, but many of us are bound with chains Systematic giving-"Lay by him in far worse thail slavery. Christians, will you store." not, oh will you not help to break these heavy chains that bind us down to lives of Proportionate giving-"As God hath ignorance and poverty and crime?" prospered."

Try this rule faithfully and prayer- Immigrants fully, and add your daily or weekly Thank-Offering. Then keep watch for From the sad and homeless strangers in the rich blessings God waits to give- America I'oices are calling! to the church-to the world and to the giver. "We have come from lands of darkness and sin where' we were oppressed and down- A PAGEANT trodden! We have heard of a wonderful Hearken to the Voices! story of a good and gracious Lord whose Book you have! Does He love us who are The voice of the sweet Psalmist of sunken in vice, and will He lift us up and make us an honor to Him and to our New Israel sings: America?, If so, oh will you not hasten and What shall I render to the Lord tell us? We are so weary waiting for the For all His benefits to me? good news."

How shall my soul by grace restored, India Give worthy thanks, 0 Lord, to Thee? From the hosts beyond the seas sad I'oices are calling! V~l, II "In our dark zenanas in India, the air is With thankful heart I offer now My gift, and call upon God's name, full of sighs, and our hearts are weary with longing for a better life! We cry aloud to Before His saints, I pay my vows, And here my gratitude proclaim. our gods of wood and stone, day and night, OTHER VOICES ARE CALLINGI but they do not answer. If you Christians know of a Saviour, will you not heed our Indians pitious cries and tell Him to come and free us from this prison life?" From the wigwams of the ignoant Indian wilds Foices /Ire Calling I "Haste to send Egypt us the glad tidings that you say }!ViII bring From the land of the River Nile l'oices are to us peace and comfort and happiness I We callingl

SEAS

"We are dying, dying so fast in deep Who speak for the millions far and near, and dark despair, with no God-no Christ- Who live in darkness deep and drear? no hope. Our hearts are full of wrong and 'Come over and help U8'-to us they crycruelty and sin. Ye, who know how to be Shall we not heed-but let them die? free from such bondage, hasten to help us Oh hear and heed, this very day, ere it be too late. We have waited so long I" And work, and seek, and give and pray, Until throughout the world we hear- The Sudan Our precious Saviour now is near I" From the far off Sudan millions of pagans in the heart of Africa I'oices are calling! REMARKS:. The above can be used as "Our land is full of ignorance and hatred a missionary pageant in a thank·offering and strife. Our sins are so hideous that we service-with "voices calling" from other wonder-Can your Jesus blot them out? Can nations added, if desired. The groups He make our black hearts pure and clean? of women and children should be appro- Tell us, oli tell us 1 Come hasten to help priately costumed, and each group be us! Oh don't longer pass us by I" represented' by one speaker.

An Appeal by Christianity The "appeal" at the close should be "Oh Christians! Do you hear the cry, made by "Christianity," draped in white, That comes from these who seem so nigh- standing by a large, white cross.

Two Seas The Sea of Galilee The Dead Sea I looked upon a sea I looked upon a sea 'Twas bright and blue And 10 'twas dead Around its shores were life Although by Herman's snows And verdant hue. And Jordan Fed.

'Twas fed by many rills How came a fate so dire? With fountains source The tale's soon told; On Herman's snowy peak All that it got it kept Whence Jordan's course. And fast did hold.

But Galilee's blue sea All tributary streams Lives not alone Found there their grave Because it gets these streams Because this sea received As all its own. But never gave.

It lives because it gives o Lord, help me my best, Its waters blue Myself, to give To other shores, and then That I may others bless It fills anew. And like Thee live.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MISS E. B. VERMILYE AND MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN HOME MISSIONS AT and hospitals under the Woman's CHAUTAUQUA Home Mission Society of the Presby- terian denomination, from Alaska to By MRS. GEORGE H. SWIFT. Porto Rico, referred to the Indians of the West. He and Miss Crawford T HE Home Missions Institute, agreed that in all contact with the red August 11-17, at Chautauqua, men, wherever they are, the Christian N ew York, was a busy week in charge religion must be emphasized, as it alone of the Council of Women for Home can make the Indian a worthwhile lVIissions. Citizen. Mr. Allaben stated that the Government and the Church are each The setting of Chautauqua is won- inclined to rob the Indian of his self- drously beautiful. The little lake nes- dependence. The medical problem tling among the wooded hills, 1,400 feet among them is a great one. Tubercuabove sea level, is very attractive. As losis is a scourge, and in some of the I sat for a few moments on its shore .towns from twenty-five to fifty per one morning and looked across the cent. of the Indians suffer with this sparkling wavelets to the undulating malady. Mr. Allaben urges an antiskyline, accentuated by "the shadows tuberculosis campaign among the Inin the valleys and the sunlight on the dians such as is waged in large cities. .hills," the comforting words of the Psalmist came to me, as they usually Another people interesting to study come to anyone who is hill-surrounded: and worthy of consideration are the "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills mountain whites.. Dr. A. E. Bishop, of from whence cometh my help." I the Methodist board, president of wondered if the Indians ever thought Murphy College, Sevierville, Tennesto look up unto these same hilfs for see, stated at a missionary rally that help from their Great White Spirit. there are nearly 4,000,000 whites in this mountain region, 600 miles long My reference to Indians causes me and 200 miles wide. These people, to wish that you might have heard Miss Scotch-Irish by descent, have been in Isabel Crawford, the Baptist mission- the mountains for the last 120 years. ary, tell ·of her work among the Indians They have preserved the old English on four reservations in N ew York State. customs, language and ballads that the No, indeed,. the Indians are not all Old Country has lost. Among the "somewhere out West." We have eight ballads collected by Mr. Cecil Sharp, reservations in N ew York: State with during eighteen years, forty that were 5,000 to 6,000 Indians. Miss Craw- lost to England were found preserved ford hopes to do work some day on all in our Southern mountains. The eight reservations. Among the Kiowa mountain district is not troubled by the Indians Miss Crawford bore the name foreign problem, and it has practically they gave her, which means "Little- no Catholics, because the mountaineers Woman-Nat-Afraid." She is living up <>riginally came to this country to escape to her Kiowa name still. On her four Catholic persecution. The problem is reservations the Baptists, Presbyterians illiteracy and narrowness. They are and Methodists have churches, but intensely but not intelligently religious. there are remaining about 2,000 In· The sentiment for prohibition is not dians who are pagan or non-Christian. stronger anywhere. No more patriotic Mr. Marshall C. Allaben, board secretary and sup~rintendent of all schools people can be found. . In the Civil War mons have been able to do much harm 185,000 of thes~ whites broke away throughout our country because of and found their way into the Union ignorance of the corporate name of Anny after walking through Virginia Mormonism. It is difficult to persuade by night and along unbeaten paths to some people that the Church of Jesus avoid detection during a period of two Christ of the Latter Day Saints and weeks. Some of the leading preachers Mormonism are the same. In the and novelists in our country to-day schools and colleges of the East may be were m01,lntain white boys who were found the brightest and most promising helped to their first education by mis- -youths of Mormonism who have been sion schools. When Dr. Bishop asked sent to disarm prejudice and suspicion James 1. Vance where more men like and to get members. Three enlightenhim could be found, he replied,. "Go to ing books on the subject are Mormon- the east mountains of Tennessee. The ism, the Islam of America, by Bruce woods are full of them." . Kinney; Lions of the Lord, by Harry Another subject presented one after- Leon Wilson, and Riders of the Purple noon was "The Cities." To illustrate Sage, by Zane Gray.

the work there, Miss Lula Morse, a It is quite bewildering to attempt to Methodist deaconess working among give one a glimpse into the busy days the Italians in Buffalo, gave a unique and the many hours of lectures and message by object lesson, showing the rallies. But I do want to indicate the manner of working ~ng the Italian wonderful lectures by that capable lec- children, demonstrating the methods of turer; Mrs. D. B. Wells, Presbyterian a kitchen garden, wherein are not of Chicago. Her presentation of the raised vegetables, as some are misled text-book, Missionary Milestones, writ- by the name to believe, but where ideals ten by Mrs. Margaret Seebach, was for homemaking are revealed and princi- masterful, and the outlines which she ples are taught. had prepared and had printed for dis- tribution emphasizing points to be con- MEXICANS AND CUBANS sidered in each chapter will be helpful In treating of the subject, "The to program makers.

Southwest," Mrs. Ward Platt, bureau MISSION STUDY HELPS secretary of the Southwest, under the Methodist Episcopal Board, pointed THE following publications issued out the influence that Christian mission- by the Council of Women for aries can exert in reaching the IHexican Home Missions, 600 Lexington Ave., women from the home-maker's point of New York, N. Y., are recommended in view. Mrs. H. L. HilI, district secre- . connection with the Mission Study text- tary of the Methodist Episcopal Board, books of the year: having recently visited Cuba in the in- Teachers Supplement ($.05), Mar- terests of missions, emphasized the need garet Seebach, author of Missionary of kindergartens whereby the chIldren Mitestones.

of Cuba can be guided early in life in Teachers Manual ($.10), Miss their social, religious and educational Applegarth.

development. She urged high-class Cut-Outs .for Juniors ($.10). All boarding schools for the girls who will children love cut-outs and these have be the home-makers of the future. been prepared by Miss Applegarth to be An address on Mormonism by Mrs. used in connection with Bearers of the George W. Coleman was given on re- Torch.

quest a half dozen times during the Pageant ($.15), Miss Cornelia F.

week. Mrs. Coleman, who is an au- Bedell. A dramatic development of thority on Mormonism through much ideas suggested by the text-books M is- .study on the subject that, said the Mor- sionary M#estQnes :mcl Bearers of the

Torch. This pageant may be conducted PROGRAM along simple or elaborate lines, or may be presented as a series of tableaux if Three One Hour Programs preferred to the more elaborate form. I. Jesus Shall Reign Missionary Milestones ($.25), published by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "Never has there been a time when Christ THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New needed the absolute devotion of His Church York:, N. Y. This is a graphic pres- more than He does today." entation of the great epochs of the Christian era-milestones to represent HYMN-Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun. events. A great help to study classes. PRAYER-WOrship and Adoration. HYMN-My Country 'Tis of Thee. Day of Prayer for Home Missions. AIM-To be read by the leader with com- For Home Mission Week:, which is to be celebrated the third week: in Novem- ments. ber, the theme is "America for Huma~­ SCRIPTURE-Responsive Reading. ity-a Challenge for Service." The Council of Women for Home Missions The Lord shall reign forever, even at its annual meeting last January, 1917, thy God, 0 Zion, unto all generations. voted to articulate its Annual Day of Prayer with the observance of Home The Lord reigneth, the Lord is clothed Mission Week, and November 22nd has with majesty. He is clothed with been selected as the date. The following strength. program has been prepared for use either by denominational groups or inter- For God is King of all the earth; denominational organizations. The pro- sing ye praises with nnderstanding. gram emphasizes both our National consciousness and our personal relation The Lord is King forever and ever. to God, and its use at this time is IN CONCERT-And the greatness of the Kingparticularly appropriate. dom under the whole heaven shall be WOMAN'S DAY PROGRAM given to the people of the saints of the Most High, whose Kingdom is an ever- NOVEMBER 22, 1917 lasting Kingdom, alld all dominions shall serve and obey Him. – • • America for Humanity, a Challenge Alleluia for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. AIM HYMN-Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Al- mighty. To REACH-A keener sense of the Nation's PRAYER-Humiliation and Confeuion: crisis. (a) Individual sins. A truer loyalty to the National (b) National sins. welfare. READING-To be read by different persons in their order: A stronger conviction of person- al obligation to save Amer- "What America will be fifty years ica to save the world. hence, what the whole world will be hundreds of years hence, depends in A real consciousness of God. large measure on what American Chris- A deeper loyalty to the King of tianity does today."

Kings. 2 An unquestioned faith in the America has become: Lordship of Christ. A renewed enlistment of self for 1. The Granary of the Nations. 2. The Wardrobe of the Earth. the battle for righteousness, 3. The H cad-banker of the justice and peace. A consecration that makes loy- World. alty to the Kingdom of God, Shall it become the Workshop of the the chief thing in life. King of Kings for the salvation of the World?

3 Tr'ue patriotism consists not alone in War but in preserving the resources of national life by holding high moral standards, safeguarding industrial con- ditions, and a normal homelife.

I9 17] WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 86r

4 III. Calls to Heroic Service The hour of opportunity is upon Never has the Church in America had America. gr~ater resources in men and money. "Be swIft your souls to answer Him, be jubilant Th'e hour of opportunity is upon the your feet, for God is marching on." Church in America. HYMN-Hark the Voice of Jesus Calling. It is an hour of peril-the peril of lost opportunity. SCRIPTURE-To be read by four different persons. PRAYER-Earnest, importunate prayer that (1) Jeremiah, 1:7-10. the Church may recognize this peril and (2) Joshua, 1:2-9. fail not in Christian patriotism. (3) Isaiah, 6:5-8. (4) Mark, 16 :15. DISCUSSION-Has the war decreased the de- mand for Home Mission work? SOLO-I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go. Have the Home Mission problems changed because of the war? PRAYER-For the little children of war lands who cry throughout the nights for par- HYMN-O Zion Haste, Thy Missior. High ents forever gone, whose ears are al- Fulfilling. ready deafened by the thud of shells and the roar and crash of guns. II. God's Promises o God, have mercy on the innocent UNever has there been a time when the world desired more earn,~stly or has had suffering children of war land.! reason more conJidently to expect the Church to be true to Christ than today." SONG-Where Cross the Crowded Ways of Life. HYMN-Christ For the World. PRAYER-For the men and boys who are of- IN CONCERT-The Lord shall reign forever, fering their lives for high cali"eS and even thy God, 0 Zion, unto all gen- solemn duties. erations. PRAYER-For the wounded in battle-the PRAYER-By three persons for a clearer physicians and nurses who minister to vision of: them. 1. The crisis now confronting the Church. PRAYER-For the rulers of the Nations of 2. The leadership of Jehovah. the earth. 3. Our strategic position as His ambassadors. PRAYER-For America, that God may work His will through it.

TALK-The Promises of God. Emphasize PRAYER-For all those against whom we the promise that the gates of hell shall battIe, that God may speedily bring the not prevail against His Church. earth to His feet, where alone is Peace.

HYMN-I Love Thy Church 0 God. AN ApPEAL'-For the consecration and defi- nite enlistment of each life into a more PRAYER-That the new spirit of heroism and sacrificial service in God's army. sacrifice may so permeate the army of the Lord that His spiritual kingdom SILENT PRAYER-While kneeling sing: may speedily come. I Gave My Life For Thee.

SONG~Onward Christian Soldiers. THE LORD's PRAYER-Standing-_ PRAYER-(a) For the suffering mothers of EDITOR'S NOTE earth upon whom the shadows of the cross are falling and whose souls are In this hour of the world's cnSlS, let being pierced with a sword. us give ourselves to meditation and (b) For the mothers of our own land prayer. If possible, secure the assem- that, 'as they enter into the world's suf- bling together of all denominations for ferings, they may go "as seeing Him this most important service, which who is invisible" and in whose light, should be well advertised. all wrongs shall be made right. Programs may be secured from your "Being perplexed I say, Lord make it denominational headquarters, 65c per right, per hundred.

Night is as day to Thee: darkness as The new book: "The Churches of light. Christ in Time of War," by Charles S. MacFarland, will be found helpful in I am afraid to touch things which in- preparing the program. Price, 50c. volve so much, Many of the songs may be found in My nerveless hands may shake, the Missionary Hymnal. My faltering hands may break, Thou canst make no mistake.

Lord, make it right."

LATIN-AMERICA venerated in commemoration of miracu-

lous cures wrought by various saints and Fine Traits of Mexicans images.

A NEW ENGLAND business man, Many hundreds of these images, gaud- who has agencies in over twenty ily tinseled pictures and holy effigies have cities in Mexico, recently stated that been burned in the churchyard in Mex- during twenty-two years of dealing ico City in the last eighteen months. with the Mexicans he has never lost an Since the great revival in 1916 it has account. This incident is quoted by Miss become the custom for new converts to Clementina Butler as an illustration of present in public all the objects of their one of the fine qualities of the Mc;xican former worship and veneration. These people. Miss Butler, who is a mission- are then gathered in a pile and destroyed, ary and the daughter of the founder of much after the same fashion as the mis- the Methodist :Missions in Mexico, says sionaries in India and China coHect and further: destroy the idols surrendered by the converts from heathenism. "The agent of the American Bible Society, with his helpers, canvassed a Union in .Central America . Mexican city and its suburbs for one month~ offering copies of the Bible, "THE movement for the creation of Testaments, and portions of the ScrIp- a Central American Union-the tures at every door, the humble hut where famine conditions prevail and the welding of the five isolated Re- homes of the well-to-do. In that one publics into a single political organiza- month, in spite of the traditional fear tion-has progressed to such a point," of the Book, the agents of the Ameri- says the New York Herald, "that it can Bible Society sold in lhose thirty now seems probable that within a month days over ten thousand caples. So far or two steps will be taken to lay the have the Mexican people come in their groundwork: for the merger." idea that God's Word is the foundation of the true liberty for which they lang." In the stress of war little heed has been given this political enterprise, Idolatry in Mexico which has long been the dream of Cen- tral America. Gradually, however, the ANOTHER side of religion in Mex- movement has gained impetus through- ico is given in a picture which ap- out the five republics. The United States Government will probably lend peared· in a recent issue of the Wateh- its aid in bringing it to completion as man-Examiner. About 150 different soon as it can be shown that it has the objects of religious veneration are shown support of the countries involved. which have been voluntarily surrendered by their Mexican owners on becoming :public opinion in the five countries evangelical Christians. This picture appears to be generally in favor of the showed various photographs, scourges, undertaking, the only opposition com- whips for self-flagellation, cord'made of ing from some of the political leaders, prickly and spiny glass, to be worn next who are apprehensive that a general to the skin as a girdle; crucifixes, medals political merger under one government of gold, silver, brass, copper and iron, will bring about a curtailment of theIr prayer beads, scapularies of all kinds; activities. silver votive offerings, representing arms, legs, hands and heads, which are re- Change in Latin American Feeling garded as holy relics to be preserved and REV. S. G. INMAN, executive sec- retary of the Committee on Co-

FROM MANY LANDS

operation in Latin America, who has Callao, Cerro de Pasco, Huancayo and been touring South America, finds doors Trujillo. open everywhere. In Chile he was invited to speak: before the Y. M. C. A. Develop the nurses' work. and the National University, where he Build a representative work at Lima. discussed relations between Chile and Work out with the Evangelical Union the United States so frankly and hon- of Great Britain plans for press, schools estly that he was invited to speak in one and evangelism. of the city theatres. The ,principal A rgentina. Establish a strong theodaily paper reported his addresses in logical seminary. full, giving to one address a full col- Develop orphanages at Buenos Aires umn on the front page. and other points. Develop a chain of strong secondary Mr. Inman found an altered atti- schools in such places as Montevideo, tude toward the United States through- Cordoba, Mendoza, Rosario and Bahia out Latin America. The war is chang- Blanca. ing the feeling toward the United Give careful attention to the needs of States, and the work which Professor our English-speaking work. Shepperd of Columbia, Professor Rowe Panama. Negotiate with the Presbyof Pennsylvania and Professor Strong, terians concerning readjustments in Cennow of the University of Chile, are tral America, Colombia and Ecuador, accomplishing is having invaluable re- whereby the Methodists and Presbysults. Chilean students who have come terians can work in close co-operation. to the United States have had such a Establish in Panama an educational warm reception that they are writing institution modeled after Robert College home enthusiastically about the kind- in Constantinople. ness of the one-time hated "Yankees." Develop evangelistic work in the church for West Indians recently erected. A Program for South America Alcoholism in South America I N the last report- of the Methodist Foreign Missions Board is a compre- I N Latin America the Church has hensive plan for advanced operations in never arrayed herself against the each South American state. Here are a liquor traffic. The Roman Catholic few of the items: monks are owners of vineyards and manufacturers of wine. Many influen- Chile. Work out our p-rogram for tial members of the Roman Church Chile in consultation and in full co-op- have estates and sugar plantations where eration with the Presbyterians. wine is made. Pulque, aguardiente (brandy), chica, and wine are ruining Plan for a great union educational en- the Latin American nations all the terprise in Santiago. Develop a union faster on account of the Indian weakpress and bookstore plant in Santiago. ness for fermented liquors. Argentina and Chile have large sections devoted Develop the institutional work at Val- to grape-growing. In Chile, common paraiso with good day and night schools. table wine is cheaper than milk. It is significant that most of the total ab- Special emphasis on evangelistic work stainers in Latin America are members in Southern Chile. of the Evangelical churches. After the usual Saturday night and Sunday de- Bolivia. Secure adequate property for bauch twenty-five thousand workmen our school work at La Paz. in Chile are unable to return to their accustomed tasks on Monday morning. Give careful consideration to the de- The Roman Catholic Church has velopment of a farm orphanage as al- never endeavored _to control or check ready worked out for Peru.

Develop Cochabamba strongly as a strategic- center for the work on the east side of the mountains.

Peru. Plan a college at Lima with feeders at four central points such as

alcoholic excesses at her church fes- other native peoples who have not been tivals, which often terminate in dis- reached by any church whatever and are graceful revelry. as pagan as any tribe in the heart of Africa. But a better day may dawn for Chile, as it is already coming in Uru- In anyone of the ten republics of guay and Peru. Uruguayan women South America, a missionary could have are working hard to make the country a city and dozens of towns for his dry. As a starting point they are ask- parish. In some of the countries he ing for a law closing saloons and wine could have one or two provinces with- •shops on Sundays and holidays. out touching any other evangelical worker. A national temperance society, formed a few years ago in Callao, Peru, has There are more ordained ministers in gained full confidence of the govern- the State of Iowa than in all South Am- ment. The national congress has voted erica with Mexico and Central America a monthly grant for temperance propa- added.-World Outlook. ganda and the Peruvian press has fur- nished strong support. Sins Against Childhood Street Waifs in Buenos Aires I T is said that every other child in Ecuador is cared for by an unmarried T HE police records of Buenos Aires mother. One-fifth to one-sixth of the pop- state that there are 5,000 aban- ulation of Brazil are of illegitimate doned children on the streets. An in- birth, in Venezuela two-thirds and in fluential magazine, Munde Argentino, Chile one-third. Compare these with is doing its best to stir up the .. public France and Belgium which have seven mind to a realization of the neglect to per cent. illegitimate births and Eng- which these children are subject. The land with six per cent. A certain per- principal amusements of the children centage of this illegitimacy is due to are gambling and smoking. the high cost of marriage. When the minimum fee for a religious marriage Scores of children are picked up is $8 and a peon earns only a few on the street of Buenos Aires cents a day, the cost of marriage is al- and cared for by the Boca Sunday- most prohibitive. school of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This Sunday-school is in one Children in the Indian families of of the neediest sections of the city. South America have not a pleasant life -provided they are strong enough to The children of South America have survive the lack of care and the ig- not yet come into their own. The Sun- norance with which they are treated day-school is called to be a powerful as babies. With a baby coming every agency in the vindication of these child year as it does in most Indian families, rights. no child gets individual attention. The mother's chief desire seems to be to keep Why South America Needs Christianity it comatose and to do this she often gives even the tiniest baby pisco to drink, E VERY effort has been made by with the result that many children of Roman priests to prevent the two years old are confirmed alcoholics. spread of evangelical truth. The Bible is pronounced an immoral book and the EUROPE priests seize every opportunity to de- stroy it. Sermons Soldiers Want There is startling irreverence of ex- T HE REVIEW has already quoted . pression even in the most "religious" what Rev. Dr. John McNeill of Toronto says about the great spiritual countries. One comes upon such signs opportunities presented by the troops .of is "Butcher Shop of the Holy Spirit," "Furniture Shop of the Saviour."

There are several million Indians and

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France. This is what he says about Attendances at the dispensary number the kind of preaching that appeals to close on '10,000 in a year, while the the men: nurses pay about 500 visits to the homes "My matured conviction is that what of patients. Even the hundreds of the men need and expect and want to humble barrowmen who throng the hear is the straightforward discussion vicinity at market hours feel they have of their spiritual needs and problems. a friend in the Mission. They go to its They eagerly welcome a message that workers for advice, or for letters to be deals with their sin and failings, the written to officials, or to ask for surgi- way of salvation, and the way of es- cal appliances, trusses, elastic stockings, cape in the hour of their temptation. etc., and sometimes on bad days, for a'

They want the 'central verities,' no ticket for the coffee-stall. It is a joy beating round the bush, no skilful skat- to the workers to hear the men's con- ing near the subject and evading it, nu fidences and sllmmaries of their check- velvet-glove dealing with their failings, ered adventures, and to try and help but honest, frank, straightforward mes- them to a knowledge that God is love, sages that point the way to hope and and to the Saviour who died and lives of victory-given, of course, with sym- for them.-Londrm ChrjJtian.

pathy understanding and tenderness of appea1. This is what the men want Testaments for Munition Workers and will listen to. A reference to N OW that the work of the Scripsome feature of the war or its progress ture Gift Mission in placing the: may be used for two or three minutes Word of God in the hands of the Britat the outset to capture their interest, ish soldiers is well organized, it was but it is not on these things that they a happy thought on the part of the expect a man with a message to spend committee to issue the Munition Workhis time. Whenever a meeting is an- ers' or War Workers' Testament, spenounced as a religious meeting, the men cially bound in khaki and lettered acexpect it to be such and their respect cordirigly, and bearing as a foreword for the Christian life is increased by the King's own words concerning the absolute honesty and frankness in deal- daily regular reading of the Word of ing with the moral and spiritual issues. God. It is hoped to issue at least a This applies to all classes of men, of hundred thousand copies almost imall creeds. We have had present at the mediately to be distributed at the varimeetings and have had sincere response pus centers among munition workers. from all denominations of Protestants The need has only to be known to be as well as Roman Catholics,.Jews, Greek realized. Huge munition centers have Orthodox, and many others not so well been called into being in various parts known." of the country; men and women of all Transforming Billingsgate ranks, classes, creeds and characters are working side by side, doing the most T HE Billingsgate Christian Mission laborious and in some cases the most and Dispensary has been at work dangerous and deadly work that human for thirty-eight years in London's great hands have ever undertaken.

wholesale fish-market, and seeks unceas- British Care of German Missions ingly the moral. and physical good of T the fishing industry and waterside HE greater part of German foreign missionary work has hitherto been laborers. The operations are many- sided, covering religious services, tem- carried on in British territory or in Ger- perance meetings, Sunday-school, Sick man colonies which have now passed and Insurance Club, and the dispensary. into the hands of the Allies. German The Mission seeks to "keep touch with Protestant missionaries before the war humanity around us, in soul and body." numbered more than 1,600 men and

250 single women, and connected with the higher service.. They are very will- their missions in various parts of the ing, and not a few of the working class world were some 700,000 baptized girls are very fine and capable helpers.

Christians. Some of the most effective They seem to have entered into the spirit "German" missionary work, so called, of Association work. Will you think of was conducted under the largely Ger- our factory work and pray for the girls man-controlled Society which has its we are trying to reach there? It is difheadquarters in Switzerland-the Basle ficult work and needs much wisdom and Mission-and by the two important spiritual power." Lutheran Churches in America.

The C. M. S. Review comments edi- The Paris City Mission torially: A T the annual meeting in London of "Until the policy of the Government the Paris City Mission, it was re- ported that as the result of the work of is more clear it is not possible to meas- eight agents in France nearly 400,000 ure in definite terms what our respon- Gospels and tracts had been distributed, sibilities will be for carrying on work 1,344 meetings had been held, and over which German missionaries have begun 13,000 visits of various kinds had beert in British territory. But already it is paid during the last twelve mortths. clear that provision must be made for Evangelical work had been dorte at marty replacing German agents and German military bases and encampments in all influence in the Basle Mission on the parts of France. Dr. W. Evans Darby Gold Coast, and that the Government said that for the manifestation of praclooks to the co-operation of the British tical Christian sympathy and for the very Societies. And we understand that the kind of work that the mission was doing, United Free Church of Scotland has the present conditions in France were undertaken to co-operate with the Swiss most favorable. The terrible experience Mission in this task. We gather that of the war had brought the two nations the British Societies at work among closer together, had made hearts more the Bantu peoples of Central East and tender, and had opened up lines of sym- South Africa are preparing to face pathy as nothing else could have done. similar demands. In India the trend of The Rev. C. H. Vine, of Ilford, said future developments is· not yet so clear."

For Swiss Munition Workers that when the war came to an end there would. be more need than ever for the MADEMOISELLE MALAN kind of work being done in that mission. writes of Young Women's Chris- There would be a revulsion, he thought, tian Association work recently begun from the materialistic view of things among girls in munition factories in which had been largely held by many Geneva, Switzerland: "We began work people. in February in two factories, one employ- ing 400 and another 1,000 women. We A Country Without the Bible A s have rented an old house in a fine garden long ago as 1907 the Evangelical and hope to turn it into a home for about Alliance sought to secure permis- thirty girls. At present we mostly use sion from the Greek Government for the garden and the ground floor for a the circulation and sale of the Bible in restaurant and club house. This kind of the common speech of its citizens. The work is new in Geneva and it is rousing Orthodox Greek hierarchy, however, much interest. Our finances are at their held that the Septuagint version of the lowest ebb, and we don't know how we Old Testament and the original manu- can keep up work next winter and get script of the New Testament consti- our rooms heated. Amongst our mem- tute the only standard permissible to its bers and the outer circle of girls there is communicants and the effort came to just now a fine spi~it of consecration to nothing.

FROM MANY

Dr. George T. White, of Marsovan. distributing the Scriptures still makes comments as follows: steady progress. The superintendent of the Scripture Gift Mission in Petro- "All this means a serious national grad writes: condition. There is a Nemesis for any people in a refusal to allow the use of "I have never had so many ask for the Word of God in the spoken lan- the Portions, and never had so many guage. The Orthodox Church has de- thank me for them in one week as I veloped religious form, rite, ceremony, have had this week. My heart aches perhaps beyond all other churches, but that I cannot do more. Do please pray the spirit of Christ in human affairs is much that all the Scriptures being another matter. The Bulgarians have spread may bear fruit. At times I have outstripped the Greeks in popular edu- to give up work when I have the opcation, in spite of their literary heritage. portunity of giving thousands more who The twin vices of intemperance and im- probably will never have the opportunity morality flourish quite openly in the of getting any portion of God's Word coast cities of the Levant. The repu- again. Could those who love God's tation of many Greek immigrants to Word see the crowds that we can reach America for personal character and for every day, they would help you as they business integrity leaves something to have never done, especially did they be desired. Their national church is a realize, as we. do, that it will never political, social and cultural bond again be possible to reach these. With ·among its scattered hosts rather than a most it is now or never." vital Christian force." MOSLEM LANDS A Manifesto Against God ASuffering Greeks in Turkey IN a little Russian viIIage on the far N appeal issued on behalf of the Baltic the people have issued a mani- suffering Greeks in Asia Minor festo abolishing the rule not only of the quotes Dr. James L. Barton of the Czar but of the Deity. American Board as saying: A writer in the Christian Herald "Communications from Constanticomments: nople show that the condition of the Greeks in Turkey is almost as deplor- "The ignorant people of the far Rus- aWe as that of the Armenians and sian village know little of history. The Syrians. At the beginning the Turks lesson must be written out for them in spared the Greeks, but in the last few their own blood. Alas, many far more months they have seemed to turn upon learned, far wiser than they, refuse to them with unusual venom." read from the open page of life that God cannot be abolished. The Czar Greeks in Thrace and the regions could be abolished-and happy the peo- of the Marmora were deported to the ple that can set in his stead a govern- interior of Asia Minor along with the ment of good order and justice, upon Armenians. At least 500,000 Greeks which God may smile! Churches are said to be in need of relief in may be abolished; priests may be abol- Turkey alone. ished; creeds and rituals may be abolished or decay; but God can no more be Mr. W. W. Peet writes: "The abolished by manifesto of men than can refugee Greeks in Constantinople and the steady march of time or the eternal in the provinces were, generally speakcircling of the stars be stopped by a puny ing, small farmers in Thrace and the cry in the dar~." towns and villages around the Mar- mora. They have now been driven The Word of God in Russia from their homes, involving the loss of all their possessions and are here IN spite of all the unrest, revolution quartered upon an already overcrowded and upheaval in Russia the work of City."

The Meaning of British Victory The territorial losses are graphicaIly set forth in the following table: DR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, who has spent a lifetime in Syria, TURKEYS LOSSES WITHIN A CENTURY for the last seventeen years has been editor for the Presbyterian. mission press at Greece Became indc:pendent 1830 Beirut, and who knows conditions in the Algeria Occupied by J;'rench 1880 East as few other Americans know them, Servia Received autonomy 1880 says that the effect and importance of Became independent 1878 the capture of Bagdad by the British Rumania Kingdom established 1880 cannot be exaggerated. Received autonomy Montenegro Became independent 1862 "Great Britain, with her armies now Bosnia-Herzegovina Kingdom established 1878 inside of Syria, can develop her weU- Bulgaria Became independent 1881 . formed plans for the Sultan of Egypt, Eastern Rurnelia Kingdom established Syria and Irak. Egypt is already a part Cyprus Occupied by Austria 1878 of the British Empire, with a viceroy. Tunis Annexed 1910 Irak, the ancient name for the country Egypt Received autonomy round Bagdad, recalls the former glories Crete Kingdom established 1878 of the Mohammedan world of Arabic Tripoli Received autonomy 1908 scholarship and art and robs the present Albania 1878 Sultan of Turkey of his spurious claims Turkey in Europe Annexed to Bulgaria 1908 to the caliphate and headship of the re- Turkey in Asia Ceded to England 1878 ligion of Islam throughout the world. All this, and more than can be packed French Protectorate 1885 into ten thousand words, is the meaning Occupied by Britain 1878 of the capture of Bagdad." Taken into empire 1881 Received autonomy 1882 The Shrinking Turkish Empire Ceded to Greece 1915 Occupied by' Italy PREVIOUS to the Balkan Wars in Became independent 1898 1910, Turkey held a nominal rule 19B over a population estimated at 36,323- 1 539. At the close of the Balkan Wars 1 1911 the area of the Ottoman Empire had 1912 shrunk to about 295,391 square miles with a population of only a little over 1 18,000,000. At the present time, with 1 Russia nibbling on the East, the British adding to their conquests' in Mesopo- The Jews in Palestine tamia and slowly gnawing their way to Jerusalem, with the Sherif of Mecca THE Jewish Chronicle states that it in possession of the Holy City and is with profound sorrow and con- Southern Arabia, and the Turkish Government eating out the vitals of the cern that it learns, from an absolutely empire in the relentless persecution and reliable source. the very gravest news destruction of over a million and a half of the Jews in Palestine. Not alone of her best people (Armenians, Syrians, have hllnger and disease so preyed up- Greeks and Jews) , it requires no on them that thousands upon thousands prophet to foretell the end. Within are literally starving, without the possithe last seven years the area of Turkey bility of obtaining food or homes, but has diminished to about 183,250 even worse is threatened, for the Turksquare miles and her population to only ish Governor, Djemal Pasha, has pro- 14,750,000 — a shrinkage of over claimed the intention of the authorities 22,000,000. to wipe out mercilessly the Jewish pop- ulation of Palestine, his public state- ment being that the Armenian policy of massacre is to be applied to the Jews.

A special correspondent writing from Milan says: Private letters received in Switzerland from Palestine state that the southern part of the Holy Land has been evacuated. The Turks have learned a lesson from the Germans, and have copied the latter's vandalism on the Somme by laying waste every vil- lage. N at a living soul is left in the territory south of the Andja river from a line about three miles north of Jaffa to the mountains of Judea. The Turks have conveyed all the archives to N ablon and Damascus. The civilian population which had escaped massacre or starvation was driven to Galilee.

FROM MANY LANDS

Jaffa is nearly destroyed. All the pub- 1916, and in less than six months up to lic buildings were set on fire or blown June 30, 1916, we sold in this waiting up with dynamite, and every village for room 4,166 copies. These books were in a distance of about twelve miles was 12 languages, 1 diglot, and 62 dialects.

laid in ashes. The largest number of books sold in a single day was 81. We have had motley Constantinople College Goes On crowds at the hospital, consisting not . DURING all the difficulties of the only of residents of Meshed, Jews, Ar- present situation in the Turkish menians, Russians and other foreigners, shrine students, etc., but very largely Empire, Dr. Louise B. Wallace, the made up of people from all parts of acting president of Constantinople Persia, from Karbala, Russia, the Cauca- sus, Turkestan, Afghanistan and India. Woman's College, has calmly and per- One morning six Afghans from Kabul sistently carried on the college work: as came into the waiting room, three of if no war existed. When the usual whom were sayyids, and one of them time came for Commencement it was said: 'We did not come to see the doctor celebrated as usual, and the occasion professionally but just to calL We have was graced by the customary number seen your books in Kabul, and being in of high Government officials, who Meshed we wanted to call on you. We looked on with approval during the have seen in our country lots of the exercises. Twenty-two young women books you have sold.' They bought sev- were graduated, including Mohamme- eral books." dans, Jews, Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians.

N The Turkish Government has shown Y. M. C. A. in Bible Lands in many ways its appreciation of the EAR the reputed site of the work of Constantinople College, among others by sending to the college an in- Garden of Eden fifty Young creasing number of students paid for by Men's Christian Association secretaries the Government, and by selecting grad- are at work, safeguarding the soldiers uates of the college for important posi- against the seductions of evil; and here tions in Turkish schools. the "Tree of Life" bears its fruit for It is a great financial straiJl to carry the healing of the nations. Near plains on this college through the war, but it where Abraham may have pitched his is very important to be able to hold such tent and Lot turned toward Sodom, a center, and thus to provide trained the Association has pitched many 9f its _Christian women, ready for all kinds great marquees, each gathering 200 to of work, both now and after the war. 500 soldiers in friendly shelter. Under the shadow of Mount Sinai, where Work for Afghans in Persia Moses received the tables of the Ten M ISSIONARY work began in the Commandments, and the voice pro- sacred city of Meshed in eastern claimed, "The Lord God, merciful and Persia, near the border of Afghanistan, gracious," thousands of soldiers wrote in 1911, but for lack of a doctor, the home from the Association's tents that little hospital was not opened till four there God's sons are as living epistles, years later. Rev. J. F. Esselstyn writes interpreting His new commandment, "that ye love one another." Near from Meshed: where Moses struck: the rock: and "In the waiting room of the hospital waters gushed forth is another Associ- ation "Centre" which provides rewe have placed a glass front show case in freshment for the King's men, parched and wearied from blistering marches. which we display a full assortment of the At Alexandria, on the Mediterranean, Scriptures in some twenty languages and at the gateway from Egypt to Africa, many dialects. The first Scriptures were sold in this waiting room on January 14.

at the Port of Suez, where Mark, the was over 400 feet high and covered many apostle, first preached the Gospel to a acres of ground. The Buddhist worship- handful, the Association greeted or sped ers are sorely bereft, as they looked upon on their homeward way a full hundred the Pagoda as of great power, able to thousand soldiers in the spirit of -the withstand the elements and all forms of same GospeL-Association Men. attack. This enormous pagoda, coated with gold leaf, could be seen for miles, INDIA AND BURMA and every two years tens of thousands Troubles of Indian 'Converts of rupees were spent on it. One of the trustees told me that hundreds of dollars' T HE persecution to which mass worth of gold and precious stones have movement converts in India are been recovered from the ruins. Through :subjected is often instigated by the the centuries pious Buddhists have made :zamindm', or the native official. The their offerings to this revered pagoda. wells from which the Chamars have for A large force ot policemen are on guard <centuries drawn water are closed to to prevent looting. I found an old nun •dIe converts. Their grazing rights are on the pagoda platform. She was moan- ing in great distress, 'My god has died I stopped. In some districts the Christian My god has gone I' I asked her what workers also are beaten. They are benefit she could possibly get from trust- compelled to pull punkas, etc., without ing in a god that couLd be destroyed. pay, and forced contributions of chick- To this she replied that it would come ens and eggs are made from them. back to life again." Moreover, in some districts the zamin- dar objects to schools being opened, or refuses to allow the boys to attend. In Siam's Entry into the War the Meerut district the people are not allowed to give their own houses for "FOR various reasons the full sigschool purposes. nificance of Siam's entry into the The Chamars are a slightly higher great war on the side of the Allies seems caste than the Sweepers, from among to have been overlooked in the accounts whom the converts in this region have contained in the daily papers," writes Rev. Wm. Harris, of Chieng Mai. chiefly been won in the past, and there are signs that the mov~ment anlOng "For a quarter-of a century Siam had them will spread. While there has never forgiven France for the events of been an unfortunate manifestation of '93, culminating in the loss of a large caste spirit on the part of some indi- part of Eastern Siam which was seized viduals, the conditions have not been by France and added to French Indosuch as to result in divided congrega- China." It was but natural then that tions, or lead communities to hold in the early days of the War the Siamese themselves aloof from each other on should look upon France's distress with account of caste origin. But if there is complacency. The significance of Sianl's a large ingathering from the Chamars, present action then lies in this: she has the danger of having a Christian com- cast aside an old, dead quarrel, in view munity that: is divided on caste lines of a present, live issue. And she takes may become very real. It has already the occasion to inform the world-and been experienced in South India. France-that she enters the War to emphasize the inalienable rights of small A Ruined Shrine nations!

'''ONE of the most renowned and an- This fairly illustrates certain spiritual cient Buddhist shrines-the great traits of the Siamese character–open- mindedness, up-to-dateness, mobility of . Shwe Maw Daw Pagoda in Rangoon- opinion,. fearlessness in facing new issues, was totally destroyed by an earthquake, a and taking neW departures.' It is be- few weeks ago," writes a Methodist mis- ,sionary. "This huge ~ass of masonry cause of these national character-

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istics, that the Message of Jesus meets head. It is certainly an anomaly for with so little active opposition, nay with Britain to send out missionaries to the so friendly a hearing. The political im- Chinese and at the same time openly to plications of this recent step, while send out supplies of morphine that it is deeply interesting, are not the concern well known cannot be used medicinally, of the missionary. To him the sig- aU for the sake of the enormous profits· nificance of it all lies in this exhibitioll made thereby. Let prayer be made by of spiritual freedom wh~ch augurs wcll the Church that this curse to the people for the future of any people. and hindrance to our work; may be speedily removed." A Fearless Siamese Deaconess Special Meetings in Peking A WOMAN missionary in Siam writes: T HE Christians in Peking held a "I have been put to shame lately by series of special evangelistic services little glimpses of real faith I have found early this year. They formed a personal in Maa Luem, one of our deaconesses. A workers' class of more than two hundred certain Christian who had stolen the wife that they trained for a month beforeof another man previously had not, as hand. Four and five small meetings was supposed, made reparation and done daily and two big night services helped the right thing since. Now the govern- the preparation. Rev. Geo. L. Davis ment is taking a piece of his land, and writes: "I have been in Billy Sunday he thinks the missionary should help him, meetings and I have never seen people and is not going to church. Maa Luem work with the joy and abandon that the does not hesitate to tell her brother and Chinese Christians worked. Some of everyone else in strong terms that .he is our business men did 110t go to work reaping the just reward of his sin. She for the entire week, and the two small has been talking earnestly with the lead- meetings in the Huashih Church and the ing lawyer of Taptieng and feels that he Chushihkou developed into great meetwill some time openly confess Jesus ings that lasted for hours. A man was Christ. He is reading the Bible and allowed to preach fifteen minutes and asking a great many questions." .then the invitation was given to all the people who wanted to become Christians CHINA to come into side rooms, and in one week this church got 605 people to sign cards oThe Menace of Morphine saying that they wanted to become PlUM is being replaced in China Christians. During the week: in four by other drugs. Attention has churches 1187 people signed cards and already been called to the alarming in- 33,481 attended the meetings, already crease in the exportation of morphinc 227 have been taken on probation and from Great Britain to China. Dr. Alex we will take the rest as soon as they R. Young, a missionary of the Free can be properly instructed. But the Church of Scotland in Tiding, Man- problem is what are we going to do churia, writes: about housing and training such a crowd. The Huashih church holds only "As pointed out by Dr. Wu Lien-teh, 230 people' and now if we add 605 to the foremost foreign trained Chinese the membership what shall we do?" medical graduate, Japan re-expol·ts large quantities of morphine surreptitiously Sunday-School Work in China. into China via Dalny and Antung. The number of men and women coming to T HE American Section of the us for relief from the morphine habit World's Sunday School Associais largely on the increase. tion has been asked to meet a war emergency in China. The Sunday- "The only radical cure is to cut off school work in this great field has been the supply of the drug at the fountain-

largely financed heretofore by the list of those who are to receive it. British Section of the Association, but Forty-nine thousand copies are dis- owing to their depleted resources they tributed every month among 308,000 have been obliged to call upon the students in 914 schools.

American committee to take over the budget and administration of China. Japanese Sunday-school Teachers The American committee, at a recent FIVE hundred and fifty teacher-trainmeeting, unanimously voted to shoulder ing students in one year is not a this burden. Under the present organization, there is maintained a head- bad record in the Sunrise Kingdom. quarters office in Shanghai, where Rev. That is the record of Mr. H. E. Cole- E. G. Tewksbury has been doing man, the World's Association Educasplendid work as the general secretary tional Secretary for Japan. These of the China Sunday School Union. It students have been enrolled in the Tokyo is proposed to continue this arrange- and Karuizawa training institutes and ment, giving Mr. Tewksbury two native in teacher-training classes in various assistants to help him in the general parts of Japan, and the work is really organization, and also to place native just starting. They have a splendid secretaries in every province which is course in Japanese. The instruction is ready for such service. China's popula- supplemented by a fine Sunday-school tion is 400,000,000. Of the sixty mil- exhibit of sixty-nine cards mounted with lion children of school age only four material in both English and Japanese. millions are being publicly educated. The Sunday-school workers' library con- The Christian primary school with its sists of 300 books besides full sets of the Bible teaching will be for many years various graded lessons. A set of Sunthe principal hope for the education of day-school slides completes the outfit.~ these millions. The Sunday School Times.

JAPAN-CHOSEN In the Slums of Kobe AChristian Literature in Schools D OWN in the slum district in the N indirect but important means of eastern part of Kobe there is quite evangelization has been in progress a remarkable group of Christian young men. The recent wave of material pros- in Japan for some time in the way of perityin Japan has reduced the amount distributing Christian literature in the of poverty and hunger in the slums, but public and Government schools. For the sin and degradation have shown no years these schools were carefully decrease. More money means more guarded against the introdu<.'tion of any- sElke (a Japanese drink), more profligacy thing pertaining to or resembling Chris- and more carousing. In the midst of tian teachings, in many cases pupils even such surroundings a dozen young men being warned by the school authorities are living and working for Jesus Christ.

not to attend Christian services outside "Just plain working men they are, but nor to give any hearing to the doctrines they are saints of God," writes Rev. H.

taught by the missionaries. Yet the W. Myers. Mr. Takeuchi, the leadnation, the Government and the educa- ing spirit of the group, has rented a good tional authorities have increasingly felt building and fitted it up for a laborers' the pressing need of moral and even re- dormitory and high school. Here these ligious instruction, and the restrictions young men can help one another in the have gradually been removed. A paper, struggle for faith and purity, and in the called the Day Star, is' published effort to win souls for Jesus Christ. They have studied together history, monthly for gratuitous distribution, but Chinese, English, mathematics and all only schools whose principals personally accept the papers and guarantee their other branches of a regular high school proper distribution are placed upon the course. After an hour of such study

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these young men have a prayer meeting, foreign missionary work. Now it has a preaching service, or an hour preach- in accessible form a practically complete ing on the street together. statement of the present condition of Methodist missionary.work throughout Neglected Japanese Islanders the world. Methodist missions have T HE Loa Chao Islands, which con- now extended to every continent and are stitute the Southern Islands Mis- literally scattered throughout the world. sion District of the Methodist Church It has therefore become of the most in Japan consist of fifty-three islands, urgent importance that the problem shall covering 875 square miles, which sup- be studied not only from the angle of port a population of 566,000. Educa- the individual mission station, but as a tionally, Okinawa is far behind the other world problem. There is a sense ill counties and herein lies one of her which the need for this world program most important problems. Owing to grows immediately out of the present deficient Japanese education on the part world crisis created by the war. Dr. of the teachers themselves, and lack of John R. Matt was chairman of the educational funds, the poorly prepared conference.-Christian A dvocate_ Lao Chooan students too seldom enter Soldiers in "Bone-Dry" States higher schools, and thus higher education wanes. The moral standard of the WITH the influx of Northern islanders is very low; sake drinkers soldiers to training camps below abound, and the one' weak Temperance Society has yet much to do. The the Mason and Dixon line, "bone-dry" Methodists have opened work on the States of the South are face to face with island of Toku-no-shima (Virtue Island) a new problem. Military and civil auwhere they now have a church and thorities find that the soldiers are parsonage va1ued at Yen 2,300. "In quenching their thirst with a gamut of no other county," writes E. R. Bull, compounds and patent medicines that "is so little known of the Christian God. contain alcohol. Highballs and rickeys It may be due to the difference of of lemon extract, of Jamaica ginger and language, the poverty of the people or carbonated water are taking the place their narrow vision because of their of the real thing. Chattanooga police isolation, but whatever the cause, this have studied the laws carefully, and say unusual evangelistic opportunity awaits they cannot prosecute sellers of the comus or whatever denomination chooses to pounds to soldiers for the reason that the articles are registered under the pure labor there." food act and the amount of alcohol they contain is printed on the labels of NORTH AMERICA the bottles. The situation in Chatta- Methodist World Program nooga, which is the nightly rendezvous for the thousands of soldiers of the regu- T HE Board of Foreign Missions, of lar army encamped at Chickamauga the Methodist Episcopal Church, Park, has become so serious that action held a conference of representative lay- to curb the sales is being taken. men and ministers at Niagara Falls. The range of artificial stimulants the September 17-19, to consider a world cravers for liquor are falling back on, program for Methodism. The last according to the police, includes spirits General Conference authorized the of ammonia, bay rum, bitters, paregoric board to create a centenary commission· and tonics.

IN to plan for an adequate celebration of Future Leaders of Nations the centenary of Methodist missionary spite of the war three hundred work in 1918-19. For more than a year the centenary commission has been students from thirty-seven different at work on a survey of Methodist countries attended the Student Con-

ferences in the summer as guests of the has a strong work among the Pawnee, Committee on Friendly Relations among Otoe and Osage tribes. The last named Foreign Students. China was repre- are wealthy, their possessions totaling sented by 110, japan by 67, Brazil by more than $30,000 for each member of 16, and the Philippine Islands by 13. the tribe. Their wealth is composed of The following other countries were lands and particularly of oil wells on represented: Armenia, Austria, Burma, their lands. The Roman Catholics are Bohemia, Egypt, England, Greece, actively at work among them. Rev. Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Korea, Victor J. MastersD.D., describing a Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, visit to the Pawnees, says: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Porto -Rico, Salvador, Spain, "At the afternoon service, in the midst British West Indies, Uruguay, Nether- of my discourse, which was interpreted lands, Russia, Siam, South Africa, Syria by _Brother Gillingham, an old Wild and Turkey, Chief in the old tribal costume, with swarthy skin, and coal-black hair plaited Three were baptized and received into in a heavy braid and hanging far down the Church- during tile conference his back, arose from his seat and came period, and fully forty announced their marching up the aisle, holding high in decision to lead a Christian life. One's his extended right hand a bright new confidence in the ultimate triumph of silver dollar, uttering as he advanced Christian brotherhood was strengthened Indian words that had no meaning to as one witnessed the harmonious fellow- me. I turned and said ': 'Brother ship between Turk and Armenian, Rus- Gillingham, what does he say?' sian and Austrian, japanese and Chinese. The best proof of the inestimable value " 'He says,' he replied, 'that you have of these Conferences is found in the told good words about the .Tems Way; testimony of the delegates. that he does not know how to walk in this Way,' but that you have spoken Mormons in Michigan good words which touched his heart. He wants to give this dollar to help all T HERE is a stretch of territory in who talk to the Indians about the the northern peninsula of Mich- Jesus Way.' n igan in which there are eight towns, along the line of the Pere Marquette A Day of Prayer for Germany railway, in which there is no Protestant or Catholic church or Sabbath school of T HE Chicago clergyman who makes any denomination. The only missionary the suggestion that a day of prayer work is that carried on by the Mormons for Germany be observed in our land who are the most aggressive _missionary does so on the basis that the German peobody in Michigan." The above state- ple are our enemies, and that we are not mcnts were made recently by Rev. W. theirs. The foIIowing is quoted from j. Benn who has just completed a re- the Chicago Trihune: ligious survey of the State of Michigan. "In entire sincerity and with only the Regular Sabbath evening services are purest motives, the churches of America held by the Utah Mormons in Detroit can pray that the truth about this war and the Reorganized Church of Jesus may be made manifest to the German Christ of Latter Day Saints has a hand- people, that Germans may be given the some church at Fourth and Holden courage and wisdom to secure emancipa- Avenues. tion, and that a free Germany, peaceful because free, may take its deserved place Baptist Work for Indians in a free and comparatively peaceful world. We suggest, therefore, that the A BOUT one-third of the Indians in churches of America appoint a day of – the United States are in Oklahoma, prayer for the people of Germany. and the Southern Baptist Convention "Should this be done there would per-

1 7] NEWS FROM MANY

haps be disgust and suspicion on the branches, such as domestic economy and Germans' part, and disgust and suspicion sewing, and being trained in the laws of might last for several days or weeks. hygiene and the care of children; the Eventually, however, it would dawn up- latter training being especially signifi- on the Germans that what President cant when it is realized that sixty-five Wilson said was so. Nor do we mean per cent. of the children of Egypt are to argue that prayer is a mere ,subjective said to die before they are two years old, exercise when we predict that the news . while ninety-six per cent. of all the of an American day of prayer for the children of Egypt are reported to be German people would lead numerous afflicted with some form of eye trouble, Germans to question the cleverness of due to the ignorance of mothers relative longer starving and bleeding to postpone to sanitary laws.

frecdom."-Literary Digest. Another great disintegrating influence to Mohammedanism in Algeria, Tunis Progress in Alaska and Egypt comes from the Government WITHIN the year Alaska has gained schools, the introduction of modern busi- two great things-the prohibition ness and the employment of Mohamof liquor and the establishment of an medan young men in Government posiagricultural college and schobl of mines tions and in new, processes of agriculture, -and is attracting an in(;reasing number of citizens of a good class. When the first irrigation, and mechanical imp-rovereferendum vote was taken on the liquor question, and Alaska went overwhelm- ments. A recent report shows 30,742 ingly dry, Congress enacted a "bone dry" bill for the territory, forbidding importa- students studying in the higher schools tion, manufacture and sale of liquors. fostered by the Government of Egypt, The establishment of an agricultural while more than 20,000 Moslem young college and school of mines was set afoot several years ago, but only recently have women have been gathered into similar the necessary funds been appropriated schools, supervised by Government agencies. They are learning Western ways and becoming accustomed to see life from the Christian point of view.

Behind all this teaching and educa- tional service the predominant principles and tracts of land set aside for the in- of the Bible may be fdt.-Christian stitution. In time it will rank with the Herald.

best of the state universities. Newcom- ers to Alaska usually reach the country War Results in Africa with little money. The result is that "IT is hard to sit here with the people when a town is started, it is practically clamoring for evangelists and teachimpossible to ask these people during the ers," writes Rev. George Schwab, of first few years to support a church. The West Africa, "but it is a privilege after mission board must establish the con- being through the War to see the hold gregation in a suitable home and supply the Gospel has taken on men, as everya worker until the townspeople can "get on their feet." thing else they had believed in was fast disintegrating. We saw the calm of AFRICA those threatened with instant death if they would not consent to violate the Schools in Moslem Africa laws of God–some of them died for C HRISTIAN education in North their faithfulness to the better life they Africa is becoming a notable force. had learned to lead. Now the tribes to In' Southern Egypt there are at Luxor the East are as thirsty men fighting for and Assiout schools for girls under the water, shouting, fairly yelling for the direction of missionary societies where Gospel. It is too good to be true. It hundreds of Young women, many of is more than we of weak: faith deserve.

them Moslems, are studying practical "We are hoping that someone may be

able to go up and open the work at OBITUARY Yebekole ere long (Yebekole is another Rev. Baring-Gould and Dr. Henry Haigh of the out-stations from Metet.) Conditions are at white heat now. If we TWO distinguished English missiondo not take hold of the work there soon, ary secretaries, the Rev. Baring there wiII be a reaction. My assistant reports over 330 in his schooI. This is Baring-Gould, of the Church Missionlarger by far than our present enroll- ary Society) and Dr. Henry Haigh, of ment at Metet (the station school)." the Wesleyan Missionary Society, dur- ing the month of July, died within a few days of one another. Mr. Baring- African Prayers Gould, who was seventy-four years of T HE Rev. Melvin Fraser, of Elat, age, had been secretary of the C. M. S. West Africa, writes of some of his for twenty-five years and only retired two or three years ago. theological pupils: "Their prayers suggest a certain originality and tendency Dr. Haigh, of the Wesleyan Society, to pictorial thought, and an earnestness was on an official visit to China. After that knows no restraint of convention- nearly thirty years of valuable service in ality. At close of class each day, some India he had returned to England, student was asked to stand up and lead where, on his appOIntment M secretary in prayer. One day Obam prayed that of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, he the things the pupils were learning might became recognized by all as a true misfill their hearts until they overflowed sionary Statesman.

like water from a bucket. Esono praved Rev. Wm. M. Dager of Africa that the lessons might be locked in ilke O~ September 25th, the Rev. Wm. valuable goods in a box, so that Satan M. Dager, of the West Africa might not steal them. Abata prayed that those arguments might not hop away Mission of the Presbyterian Church, like grasshoppers. The boys certainly died suddenly in Wooster, Ohio. He have their own original and homely ways was expecting to return soon to Africa. of expressing their earnest desires when During hIS present furlough, Mr. Dager they talk to the Lord." has rendered a service of inestimable value in his tours among the churches and his inspiring words about the work ISLANDS OF THE SEA in Africa. The West Africa Mission "N Many Baptisms in New Guinea wiII sorely miss his wise counsel, his self- 0 mission po~t anywhere," says forgetful labor covering a period of eighteen years, and his much needed help The Living Church, "seems at thIS time when the work is caIling more remote from us than New Guinea, loudly for workers and they are so few.

where missionary work is in charge of a bishop of the English Church with a Dr. Charles R. Hagar of China corps of ten English clergy and a num- T HERE has been called to the ber of native clergy under him. In spite higher service one of. the devoted of the smallness of that force the missionaries of the American Board, Bishop's report for the year ending Rev. Charles, R. Hagar, M.D., who March 31, 1917, shows that moreC than sailed for China in 1883, and left 1,000 have been baptized and 860 were only when compelled by ill health in confirmed within that year. This is a 1910. His service was in the South remarkable showing for so small a force China field in Hongkong and Canton.

of workers and far exceeds what has Since his return to America he gave been accomplished in most parts of the himself in steadfast effort to the limit home land by a like number of clergy. of his strength for the Chinese and A great need for more clergy is ex- Hindus about him in Southern Cali- pressed by the Bishop." fornia. jI Fra~klin Spencer Spalding, Man and greatly succeeded. The intellectual evo- BIshop. By John Howard Melish. lution of the man is clearly evident from $2.25. The Macmillan Co., N ew York his letters to his parents. The biog- DR.1917. ' raphe~ has mad: wise choice of epistolary mateflaI. It IS easy to see in these MELISH, rector of Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, has warm intensely human letters to his given us a sympathetic biography of the mother and sister how, in the pastorate at Erie t~ere was human material by missionary bishop of Utah, whose tragic death in 1914 cut short the career of cthoentraacptiW~lIythmoartubryincgollmisiinodn with which of Spalding one of the manliest and most lovable men in American Episcopacy. Franklin was preparing for an approach to the Spalding was himself the son of a mis- social problem which could have made sionary bishop, his father's diocese in- him nothing less than a radical and cluding the States MofexicCoo. loraHdio~ social reformer. Wyoming and New Ev~n those who disagreed with Bishop mother, before her marriage to John ~pald~ng were ready to admit his perfect Franklin Spalding, was a devoted mem- sIncenty. But he was more than sincere~ ber of the Presbyterian Church. The He was tolerant. And however harsh Presbyterian strain in the Spalding blood the truth he preached, he preached it directed both of the Bishop's sons to lovingly. When men Were offended at Princeton. Franklin graduated in the certain sermons, his frequent course was Class of '87. He was known to mem- to go personally to his critics and talk bers of his own class as "Old Pop," an the matter over with them. When one abbreviation for "Old Popularity," per- of his vestrymen resigned because of a Labor Day a~dress which the employer haps a greater distinction than any merely academic honor. An athlete, a regarded as hkely to encourage strikes, solid rather than a brilliant scholar the rector courteously showed him that his were gifts of leadership due to moral the effect of the resignation upon the qualities-a keen sense of justice and man's own employees would be dis- sturdy courage. The ministry appealed tinctly disadvantageous to his business to young Spalding in its missionary and harmful to the community. The aspects. The prospects of work in China resignation was withdrawn. This was at first allured him. When finally he Spalding's way. His methods were entered the ministry, he chose work in never violent. He brought railing ac- difficult fields. cusations against no man or class of men.

After a brief experience as rector of Ardently and persistently he sought to a small church in Denver, Spalding show men the way to a better social taught in a boys' school in his father's order.

diocese. In 1897, he became rector of In 1904, Spalding was elected ~is­ St. Paul's Church, Erie, where for sionary bishop of Utah. There was seven years he labored to modernize and opposition to his confirmation, even as democratize an old and enfeebled con- there was to the confirmation of Phillips servative parish. Here he came into Brooks as bishop of Massachusetts and intimate association with the laboring upon practically the same sgouronudndi~' that the bishop-elect was not the classes and addressed himself to the task of binding them more closely to the faith. The opposition, however, did not church. Multiform as were his parish muster many votes.

activities, he could not forget that he had relationships to the community at large Bishop Spalding's work in the mis- and he strove to make them vital and sionary district of Utah, which com-

prised the State of Utah and parts of the body of Christ are to be justified, Nevada, Wyoming and Colorado, was we who profess and call ourselves Chris- almost incredibly hard. He traveled tians must have increasing care for the over all kinds of country, in all sorts of economic as well as for spiritual welfare ways, by railroad, stage coach, automo- of mankind. bile, horseback, bicycle and afoot. In his letters written on his suitcase as he Bishop Spalding was a broad church- waited for trains at w:ayside stations, or man who accepted the main results of in frontier hotel barrooms at night, he historical criticism, yet sturdily resisted gives vivid pictures of his tasks and the the extreme claims of destructive critics. He once declared he would like to write courageous manner in which he made a book to show 'that all the critics were wrong and that the fourth Gospel was full proof of his ministry. He writes: really the first and primary Gospel. "The "I'm at Echo, sitting on my grip, wait- fourth Gospel more than any other ing for the train for Park C~y where seemed to him to lead one into the real I am to preach to-night, spending the mind of Christ." His heart was on fire day calling on church people"''''*'''! called to make 'the church see that she must on twenty-five people and have still some cease to be the almoner of the rich and others to see this morning. They become the champion of the poor. His, haven't had service since Dean Eddie too, was a clear vision of Christ, as the came up last Spring. The little church Saviour of the individual. Because was crowded last night. I baptized one Christ was so much to him, other things baby yesterday, and am to baptize two -denominationalism, ecclesiastical dis- more after the communion service ta- tinctions, theological definitions, the so- called esthetics of worship-took sub- day." ordinate places. Though he had much to say about the rights and duties of His work was much like that of a man, the reality of God, the nearness of Methodist superintendent and circuit- God, the presence of God, was to him rider combined. He preached the Gospel life's most intimate and extensive fact. of good will with evangelistic fervor, "He was the manliest, most godly, and his tolerant and catholic Christian- knightly soul whom I have ever met," ity impelled him to cultivate the most fra- says Bishop Rowe, of Alaska. Collier's ternal relations with the representatives Weekly applied to him the title, "A of other churches. Not a few home mis- Man Who Succeeded." Dr. Melish sion workers in Utah objected to Bishop has given us a lifelike portrait of a bishop Spalding's attitude toward Mormonism. whom the whole church is proud to The Bishop believed that his usefulness claim. depended upon his trying to see the best in the Mormons. This is not strange, In Spite of the Handicap, An Autobiog~ for it seems to have been one of the pas- raphy. By James D. Corrothers, with – sions of his life to try to see the best in an introduction by Ray Stannard all classes and conditions of men. He Baker. George H. Doran Company, took four years to prepare a pamphlet 1916. $1.25 net. the purpose of which was to make the young and educated Mormons think. T HE problem of the negro race in America, in view of recent race Whether he succeeded greatly in that riots, seems to be far from solution. undertaking is not quite clear, but that Books like this will help the individual his sermons and lectures on the social reader to an understanding of certain problem succeeded in awakening the aspects of the negro problem not other- intelligent interest of an increasing num- wise easily gained. The difficulties ber of the clergy and laity of his church which confront the colored man in is little doubted. Not all thus affected America, both North and South, arising are able to follow Bishop Spalding's out of his relationship to his own people logic in the acceptance of a certain type of socialism, but he has helped many to see that if the claims of the church as as well as to the white race, are self admits, he has been too prone to both numerous and c:omplicated. Mr. change his field of labor. He easily Carrothers has spent most of his life in falls victim to the illusion of the far- the North. He is of mixed Scotch-Irish, the next field offers better pasture. Indian and negro stock. Born in a negro settlement in Cass County, Mich- On the whole this autobiography of igan, educated in the Northj his ex· one who is still comparatively young but perience has been both varied and event· who has lived deeply and drunk of sweet ful. His diverse occupations, ranging as well as bitter waters, affords ad- from blacking boots to preaching the ditional light to those who seek 1I sym- Gospel and writing poetry, have given pathetic understanding of the negro race in America in. OUr day. him opportunity to test the chances of the negro . in American civilization. The Students·o£ Asia. By G. Sherwood Eddy. 12 mo. 305 pp. 3s 6d net. Re- Pathetic IS the story of his early poverty ligious Tract Society, London.

and of hiS heroic efforts. to get an edu- T H!S study book is ftill of inspiracation. Whatever gifts, however, in the tIOn and enCbtiragemeht. :M1'. way of fortune Were withheld from him, Eddy's life in India and his visits to the one gift was not withheld-that of a Far East makes his estimate of their winsome personality, which accounts for present attitude towards Christianity the many generous friends who helped of greater value than that of almost anyhim on his way, among whom Miss one else. During a tour that extended Frances Willard was easily first. There over several months in India his audience is something in the negro temperament averaged 1,000 a· night, and during his which enables it, at the best, to make tour in Japan, 800 a night, and in China light of hardship and, if not to turn op- he addressed 200,000 students. From position into impulse, at least to rob Mr. Eddy we learn that the impossible adversity of half of its sting by enabling has happened, and that the younger the sufferer to see the humorous aspects generation and many of the older genof an otherwise tragic situation. There eration of the Chinese literati are eager is no other way to account for a practical to study the teachings of Christianity philosophy which is much commoner with a view to their acceptance. His than many think, which found its ex- experience convinced him that the repression some time ago in the title of a ligious appeal should take the f9rm of an book, "The Fun of Being a Negro." attempt to present the Christian message in a positive form and to avoid contro~ Mr. Carrothers writes his personal versy. Thus he writes with reference memoirs with a charming naivete. It to a special Mission held in Ceylon is no small thing to have had the friend- "many years ago." "Each day nonship of people like Henry D. Lloyd and Christian Hindus had been deciding for James Whitcomb Riley. (The latter Christ. Finally, the Hindu students was always open-eyed to the cardinal combined and practically challenged us qualities of geriius, hidden beneath to refute Hinduism. They said, 'Why however humble an exterior;) Mr. do you ignore our religiori? What is Corrothers has been equally rich in his the matter with Hinduism? Why canassociation with distinguished people of not Krishna save us?' When we exhis own race such as Frederick Douglas Hinduism-at least, to our own satisand Paul Lawrence Dunbar. The faction, there was not another convert heartbreaking difficulty of attempt to up- in that college; the whole of the comlift his own people is evident by Mr. munity was thrown on the defensive." Corrothers' experiences as pastor of several colored congregations. Perhaps Mr. Eddy makes an earnest appeal to it is one of the deficiencies of genius- missionary societies to help train those and Mr. Carrothers has marked genius who are to become China's teachers. in in literary gifts-that it lacks stability. yjew of the rapid spread of education, And the fact is, as Mr. Carrothers him-

The Red Rugs of Tarsus. By Helen Sons of Italy. By Antonio Mangano. Davenport Gibbons. 194 pp. Cloth 12mo. 234 pp. 60 cents. The Mis- $1.25. The Century Company, 1917. sionary Education Movement. 1917.

T HIS is a volume of much more than A World in Fennent. By Nicholas ordinary interest. The author, Murray Butler. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.25. spending the first year of her married Charles Scribner's Sons. 1917. life as teacher-missionary at the Amer- ican School in the birthplace of the Thirty Years with the Mexicans. By Apostle Paul, lived through the storm of Alden Buell Case. Bvo. 285 pp. $1.50. persecution that broke over the Armeni- Fleming H. Revell. 1917. ans in 1909, and in the hope that the story of one American woman's experi- Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John ence might bring home to other Amer- F. Cowan. 12mo. 160 pp. 75 cents. ican women and American men the hor- Fleming H. Revell. 1917. ror of recent massacres in Armenia she has sent out the letters written to her mother Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. By during that agonizing time. The very heart and life of the people of Tarsus J. Kennedy Maclean. Pamphlet. 92 pp. are shown in these letters, and in the midst of deepest disaster there are bright Marshall Bros. London. 1917. flashes of optimism on every page. While The Tribe of Z~mbe. By George H. separated from her husband and uncertain of his fate, her own situation be- Trull. 16mo. 85 pp. 50 cents. Board coming rapidly more desperate, she keeps of Foreign Missions Presbyterian her courage up by saying, "Don't break Church. 1917. down yet; wait for something worse. If you wait for real trouble, you are so busy Superintendents' and Teachers' Helps. there is no time to worry." There is By George H. Trull. For use With much that is helpful and stimulating in The Tribe of Zambe. 46 pp. 10 cents. these pictures of a people who have "kept Board of Foreign Missions Presbythe faith," and preserved their distinct terian Church. 1917. nationality when an easy path lay before them, had they been willing to turn from Foreign Missions Conference of North Christ to Mohammed. America. Twenty-fourth Annual Re- port. 347 pp. 30 cents. Foreign Mis- The Christian Movement in the Japanese sions Conference, New York. Empire. Edited by Edwin Taylor Igle- hart and a Board of Associate Editors. The Soul of France. By Reuben Sail- $2.00. Published in Japan, but handled lens. 5s net. Mor<!"an and Scott, Lon- in North America by the Missionary don. 1917. Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Protest and Progress. By Carolus P. Harry. 162 pp. 50 cents. Lutheran Students of missions and of the politi- Committee, Philadelphia. cal, economic and social conditions in the Far East who have the preceding four- My Life and Work. By Bishop Alexteen volumes need not be reminded of ander Walters. 8vo. Illustrated. $1.50 the value of this work. It is one of the Fleming H. Revell. 1917. absolutely indispensable books on the Far East, and literally packed with valuable Russia in Transformation. By Arthur information on a wide range of topics. J. Brown, D.D. 12mo. $1.00. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1917. NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND China from Within. Bv Charles Ernest MISSION LANDS Scott. 12mo. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1917. Studies in Japanese Buddhism. By August Karl Reischauer. 8vo. 361 pp. The Legend of Lai-Chow. By Annie B. $2.00. The Macmillan Company. 1917. Gaston. Illustrated. 60 cents. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1917.

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