The Missionary Review of the World — September 1917

KOREAN SCHOOL CHILDREN-READY TO BE TRAINED FOR GOD OR THE

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. September, 1917 NUMBER NINI! XL SIGNS OF THlB TIMES CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN CHURCH T HE Commission headed by Hon. Elihu Root has returned to America with encouraging reports on the outlook for permanent progress and reform in Russia. Mr. Charles R. Crane, another member of the Commission, who is an authority on Slavic affairs, reports remarkable changes in the Russian Church as the result of the revolution. He says that since the Church has been separated from the State and is managing its own affairs, it is making more rapid progress toward adjusting itself to new conditions than the State. More changes were made in the Church during the month of May than in two centuries previous. The process has been one of democratization j every priest has had to have his position confirmed by a vote from the people of his parish. Twelve Bishops have been dismissed, including the bishop of Petrograd, and new bishops have been installed only after election by congregations.

The property of the churches has been transferred from the State and is to be administered by the congregations, the clergy and bishops occupying themselves solely with religious affairs. Two very significant assemblies of the Church have taken place at Moscow: One is that of "Old Believers," who include some I5,000,000 people representing the oldest and most uncompromising division of the Russian people. The other is that of the Orthodox Church, the former State Church, and is . the first of the kind to meet in some 250 years. They are the most representative gatherings possible to have in Russia, and the delegates come from every corner of the empire, two priests and two laymen being elected to represent every roo churches, the whole body numbering I,268 delegates. The Russians are exceedingly religious, and may be expected to become more Christian as they are free from ecclesiasticism.

The changes in Russia are more than external. Everyone there is now free to listen to the Gospel Message and to change their allegiance from the State Church to an evangelical body. The Premier and Minis- ter of War, Mr. Kerensky, has issued a decree that literature may be sent, without restriction, into the trenches of the soldiers.

In order to enter the open door, American Christians should unite to send our Bibles and Christian literature, to establish evangelical schools, and to train evangelists. This work is being inaugurated by the newly established Russian Evangelistic and Educational Society, of which Dr. Cortland Myers of Boston is president. Pastor William FetIer, the Director for Russia, has succeeded in clearing from debt the two mission buildings in Riga and Petrograd and is planning an enlarged work for other cities.

Will the Christian Church of America immediately accept the op- portunity which the new condition of affairs in Russia offers? It is possible for the Protestant Church to send a non-denominational or United Christian mission into that country. Russia has a new vision in governmental freedom. She must have a new vision of the Christ and his sovereignty. A strong body of Christian young men and women, sound in the faith and wise in method, should be sent to preach Christ in Russia .in the name of no denomination but in the name of the Head of All Protestant Churches of America.

SUCCESSFUL KOREAN EVANGELISM C HOSEN is still proving itself a land peculiarly open. to the Gos- pel. In no country in all the world has Christianity, in its fun- damental purity and simplicity, made such wonderful strides as in Korea. The calm and peaceful disposition with which Koreans face a warring world, and the peace-loving temperament of that Oriental people has made them peculiarly susceptible to the ministry of the Gospel.

The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible School, in Seoul, opened its new building on May 20th, and is now planning a dormitory at a cost of about $ 5,000. A new man is going out to the field to direct the evangelistic training and work of the students.

During the recent evangelistic campaign in the city of Pyeng Yang some novel methods were employed. Nearly everyone of these thou- sand Christian homes and shops among the ten thousand houses of Pyeng Yang, displayed a paper lantern at night with invitations to "be- lieve in Jesus," written upon it, so that the "Jesus doctrine" for the time being was thrust into even more prominent notice than the cigarette ad- vertising which usually holds the field in that city. Huge parades of . Christian men and boys with bands and banners, songs and shouted in- vitations "Yei-su mit-oo-si-o" (believe in Jesus) marched through the city on two separate days. At night scores of willing workers brought to

OF THE

church those who during the day had promised to attend the meetings, and by the close of the week two thousand people had signified their desire to become Christians. These new inquirers are immediately enrolled in Bible classes.

SPIRITUAL UNREST IN JAPAN T HE Japanese are religious though they are far from being Chris- tian. Materialism is much in vogue, but it is true that perhaps no modern nation has produced more native religions or religious sects than Japan. Dr. Anezaki of the Imperial University says there are some eight or ten new fanatical, superstitious movements just now budding out which have not yet been noticed by the press. There is a deep and growing unrest and religious thirst among the Japanese. Buddhists are making frantic efforts to hold their own, and their latest compliment to Christianity is their "United Evangelistic Campaign," apparently similar to that the Christians have been carrying on for three years.

A Baptist missionary writes that he recently attended a prayer meeting where there were about 1,000 Japanese Christians, who had met for thanksgiving after the great evangelistic effort which has just closed. Intellectualism and complacency seem to be giving place among Christians in Japan to a real humility and thirst for the deeper things of God.

A NATIONAL CHINESE CAMPAIGN A SPECIAL nation wide campaign has been started in China in connection with the visit of Dr. Sherwood Eddy. During the week from January 28th to February 4th an attempt was made to mobilize the spiritual forces of the Chinese Christian Church into a united evangelistic forward movement. The reports received are enthusiastic concerning the work done and the results achieved; but from many centres no reports as to the results have been received. The campaign was not primarily for the leaders of the churches but for the ordinary membership through the personal visits of executive secretaries. Honan and Manchuria succeeded in covering the whole ground through the use of evangelistic secretaries released for this work.

The enlistment of intercessors, who were gathered into groups and provided with prayer topics, was one feature of this movement. The emphasis on this vital form of preparation was not on prayer meetings as such, but upon the individuals who undertook this intercessory service, and were united into groups for prayer.

A unique feature of the campaign was the use of lists of possible activities for Christian workers. Some services, such as tract distribution, or leading a friend to church, required very meagre powers indeed, but others, such as conducting an enquirers' Bible class, or different forms of social service could only be undertaken by the highly trained. Each in-

dividual Christian was made to face the possibility of doing something however humble, and by his or her signature express consent. In one Peking church three bands were formed called Faith, Hope; and Charity. Each band had a leader, and starting from a nucleus was responsible for filling up the ranks as fully as possible.

Another form of preparation worthy of note was the use of surveys of the field. This took the form of charts, indicating the provincial task to be accomplished, and the forces to accomplish it, or perhaps the analyses of a neighbourhood round a church or chapel or outstation.

( I) Non-Christian relatives in the homes of Christians. (2) Non-Christian parents of school children. (3) Friends and other relatives of Christians. (4) Hospital patients already touched by the Gospel. Little groups of two or three Christians, men and women, arranged to visit these, having first prepared for their task by intercession for the individuals to be visited. In Manchura alone over 6,000 Christian men and women did voluntary service during the evangelistic week. Of the Peking churches, which reported, twenty-nine per cent. of the membership took part. The most effective method used was not the holding of large meetings, nor open air preaching, but the definite attempt to win individuals already in touch with Christian influences. Two stations reported tliat for each worker there were three enquirers in one station and four in another. Generally the Christians gathered for prayer and for training for the day. They then divided into bands, for street preaching, visitation, presentation of invitation tickets for evening meetings. Villages were visited, banners and drums, cymbals and bells, trumpets and concertinas were all called into service. Singing was the common method of drawing an audience. Sometimes parties went out in carts, boats or on foot and large numbers of villages were visited. The day's work usually culminated in public meetings, held in the evenings. This was specially true of the cities. Meetings for women were held usually at different hours, and some successful children's meetings were reported. A wide use was made of Christian literature. In Peking alone 98,710 leaflets and books were distributed or sold. The Milton Stewart free distribution tracts and posters were almost universally used. In Soochow three distributions of 50,000 tracts were made, one preparatory to the "week," another during its course and a third afterwards. The results in the provinces or districts where the preparations were adequate were most encouraging. "The best thing I have seen in thirty-seven years," wrote one. "We face a tremendous difficulty . . . now we are simply crowded out of house and home. . ," writes another. Such districts report the return of lapsed members and the awakening of the Church to a sense of her latent powers. Leaders were

developed and Bible study classes and prayer groups were formed for Christians and enquirers. Individual workers and preaching bands were formed and self-support was stimulated. Committees are being retained, and further plans initiated for the carrying forward on a permanent basis of the individual efforts initiated during the national week.

The immediate results in enquirers gained is usually very mislead- ing, but there is significance in a row of figures like the following: In Peking 543 men and 332 women held 524 meetings and reached an audi- ence of 6 I ,000. They distributed 98,7 IO tracts and other forms of literature. They registered 2,104 learners, of whom 336 are definitely adl11itted as catechumens. In Manchuria 6,000 workers took part, 1,000 villages were reached. Three thousand learners were registered. If the plan had been as thoroughly grasped and carried out through all the provinces of China how many tens of thousands would have been touched?

If in 1918 the whole Chinese Church can demonstrate the utility of this combined and simultaneous national effort, may it not be that the churches and nations of the West may follow suit. What would it mean for the advance of the Kingdom of God if even a fair percentage of Christians of Europe and America united in a simultaneous social and evangelistic campaign?

THE NEGROES' MIGRATION NORTHWARD T HOUSANDS of Negroes from the Southern States have migrated northward during the past year. This movement is due in part to social, educational, and in part to economic, conditions. It has created a disturbance in both parts of the country-in depriving the South of labor and introducing into the North a cause of unrest in labor circles and an unassimilated social element.

This movement should be considered seriously by both the Southern and Northern citizens. The South may well perfect its program for the education, social emancipation, economic elevation, and the evangelization of the Negroes. They have been a problem in Southern States, but without them the South would face serious economic difficulties.

Percy H. Stone, a Negro graduate of Hampton Institute, has this to sayan the subject: "A little over two years ago a crisis began to develop in the South. The European war, drawing on America's resources to keep its armies at the front, demoralized our economic situation. Food prices jumped to almost unheard-of figures, the cotton crop became almost unsalable, and all necessary commodities advanced in price far beyond the ordinary. In fact, everything went up except the price of labor; and, as the demand on this country's resources became greater, it became harder and harder for us to keep our balance.

"While this problem was arising in the South there was still an- other part of it developing in the North. At the outbreak of the present world war the call of country, fatherland, and munition factory stripped the Northern and Central Western industries of their labor units; at the same time came an increased demand for manufactured products. This disastrous condition caused the manufacturer of the North and West to turn, as a last resort, to the only available labor in America. General calls for help have been circulated over various sections of the South at different times, and some of us, smarting under the pinch of difficult living, crop failure, harsh treatment, and, in some cases, indebtedness, have already responded to the number of five hundred thousand. . . .

– "And to all of us must come new opportunities and new responsibilities. We who are working hard preparing ourselves for leadership among our people will find that this opening of new fields of labor will possibly foster a spirit of unrest and a tendency on the part of some te, drift about in search of things indefinite."

If the exodus northward is to continue, the Northern States must prepare to house these Negroes, to educate them, to give them a means of livelihood, and to church them.

CHRISTIAN UNION IN THE ISLANDS A STEP has been taken toward the unification of mission work in the South Seas. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions have long been negotiating with the London Missionary Society in order to secure that the whole of the Gilbert Group should be under the control of the latter society. The Group is under British government, and for sixteen years the London Missionary Society carried on vigorous work in the Southern Isrands, where a strong Church is growing up, and many able native pastors have been and are being trained. The American Board has offered to pay $27,000, and with this sum, together with the contributions of the islanders, all expenses of the staffing of the Northern Islands can be met for ten years. The proposal,to accept the subsidy of the American Board, and the charge of the islands, was carried at a recent meeting of the London Missionary Society Board.

In the Philippine Islands also Church union draws nearer. In Ellinwood Seminary at Manila, of which Rev. George W. Wright is president, students from Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian Mission, United Brethren and Christian and Missionary Alliance denominations are all studying with the one view of going out to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The past year the Christian Mission entered the life of the seminary by placing a man upon the faculty and enrolling ten students, and the Christian and Missionary Alliance sent two young men, who entered as "work" students-students working for their tuition and board. One of them is a Moro. A GENERAL and fierce protest has been made by the secular press against a strict governme.ntal censorship of war news and criticism. There is good reason for a wise restriction in the publication of news that may unnecessarily discourage patriots or may give to the enemy military secrets. There is, however, in a democracy, great value in a frank publication of facts and in free expression of opinion and criticism. In this way the interest of the people is maintained and their co-operation is secured.

There is another censorship about which not much is heard and which may suppress facts that should be known. This is the censorship' of facts about the moral conditions in the army and navy and about overlapping and extravagance in religious work. There is much excellent statesmanship in these enterprises, and there are at times facts that should not be indiscriminately published. In other cases censorship is based on a short-sighted policy-an effort to allay or avoid criticism or an idea that it will decrease the spirit of loyalty to the Cause of Christ.

Recently some British speakers in America have obviously sought' to give rosy views of camp and trench life and morals in order to encourage enlistment in America. Statements have been made in regard to conditions in and around camps in America that call for loud protest and energetic action. Some of the agencies engaged in this work refl,lse to give publicity to the facts in their possession lest the knowledge lead to exaggeration and cast discredit on our soldiers.

Christian men and women are interested in missions in proportion to their knowledge of facts-both the unpleasant and the encouraging. We must know evil conditions that should be remedied in order that we may be aroused to further study and to action. We must know the resources for good and the possibilities for cure in order to encourage sacrificial effort.

Some statements were recently published in the REVIEW concerning the immoral conditions around camps of soldiers. The truth of some of these statements has been called in question, and the wisdom of such publicity has been doubted. We rejoice whenever such damaging statements can be disproved and gladly correct them; but if they are true, they should be made known in order that the public may be aroused to seek an adequate remedy.

Not long ago a young Christian volunteer in an aviation camp remarked that the vile conversation at mess table and even on the parade grounds made the place a moral pest house. These young men are supposed to be recruited from colleges. A young marine remarked that it was a wonder that he could talk in language fit for ladies and gentlemen after he had heard the language of the recruiting camps. A Christian gent1eman in a "home guard" camp requested a speaker to urge purity of speech among the men of a "gentleman's" company. "Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh." "As a man thinketh in his heart so is he." "That which cometh out of a man defileth a man." The conversation among men reveals their thoughts and characters and is an index to their deeds. If these things are true, as testified by many witnesses, it is no wonder that young soldiers say: "You can't expect us to be good in war time."

All honor to the brave men who voluntarily give up their comforts and risk their lives for their country. Many of them are men of the highest Christian character. It is nevertheless true that some officers are lax in their moral discipline and that there is too generally a tendency to excuse profanity, lewd talk, and immoral conduct among soldiers and sailors. The greatest fight is after all the fight for character and for an upright life. He who fails in that fails in the thing that is most worth while.

The United States government has established a five-mile zone around training camps, and many agencies are enlisted in the work to help men in this moral battle. Every church and every Christian may well enlist in this service-on the one hand to root out the evil that surrounds so many camps, and on the other to implant the highest Christian ideals through literature, moral and religious services, and personal work.

It is encouraging to know that many officers are taking their moral responsibilities seriously, and by example and discipline are helping their men to maintain high standards. The reports concerning many of the militia men who returned from the Mexican border show that their experience developed in them better physique, finer characters, more unselfish instincts, and better habits. Such a thing is possible. In place of being a menace, the camps may become moral training schools for the development of the finest qualities of manhood.

MISSIONS WORKING ON SCHEDULE O NE of the evidences of progress and modern methods in mission- ary work is the adoption of definite programs or schedules to mark the desired goal at home and abroad. Nations have their programs in foreign policy, in education and in military preparation, and many branches of the Church are now adopting programs that indicate their efforts to reach a desired goal in service to God and man. The ideal program is that which is clearly dictated by the Holy Spirit and therefore in harmony with the program of God.

COMMENT

Practically every denominational and interdenominational missionary organization has adopted a program-sometimes it is only financial, and sometimes it includes an elaborate scheme for the developm{nt of the home church, for education, for occupation of new territory, and for the establishment of new buildings and engaging in new activities. Such programs have been adopted, by the Christian Endeavorers, the World's Sunday-School Association, the Laymen's Movement and the Missionary Education Movement, the Continuation Committees in various lands and by missionary boards and societies.

The latest development along this line is the announcement of definite goals and policies by individual missions on the foreign fields. The Telugu Mission of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society has, for instance, outlined a policy for the next five years. It is worthy of consideration by other missions. The program shows the following goal to be reached before May, 192 I : I. Every church in the field an evangelistic and social force in its community.

2. A mighty impact of the Church on the nation and on the world. 3. Self-government of churches in proportion to their self-support. 4. At least one new convert annually for every eight members, or from 8,000 to 13,000 new members a year in the Telugu field. 5. An addition of 250 native pastors and preachers in five years. This means 75 new ministerial students immediately. 6. A Christian college for the Telugu Mission and an increase of students in all mission schools. 7. Double the present amount of gifts for benevolences. The Telugu Baptist Christians should give at least Rs. 100,000 a year.

The methods suggested for the attainment of this goal include: Personal Evangelism j Proportionate and Systematic Giving j Adequate Education in Day Schools and Sunday-schools j Deepening of Prayer Uk .

It is, of course, possible to make such a program mechanical and to put a limit on God's purpose and power, but who can doubt the value of striving to reach a goal far in advance of present achievements? May God's Spirit guide us in our making of programs.

PUTTING REFORMERS OUT OF BUSINESS W ILL the time ever come when Reformers have so well succeeded in their propaganda that their efforts will no longer be neces- sary? It seems too good to be true; but a foretaste of it has just come in the information that the British Anti-Opium Society has come to an end because there is no further reason for its existence.

The total prohibition of the growth of the poppy and traffic in opium in China and India is an event which many supposed impossible.

The governments of China and India agreed to a gradual reform so as to bring about the extinction of the traffic, and the former poppy fields in China have been given over to the production of other crops-such as cereals, cotton, rice, and rubber.

The English Anti-Opium Society was formed by indignant Britons when England forced China to sign treaties by which English opium traders were paid for all their losses by reason of China's destruction o.f opium; and by which, later, the Chinese Government bound itself not to interfere with the introduction of opium into the Empire.

Fimilly, convinced of the Chinese Government's sincerity and ability to prohibit traffic in native-grown opium, the British Government agreed that the Indo-Chinese opium traffic should also be brought to an end. This is now an accomplished fact.

In the same way the agitation against the saloon, as the home of intoxicating drinks and the hotbed of many evils, has been promoted by the Anti-Saloon League. How soon will these reformers succeed in making their work unnecessary? Porto Rico has recently voted for prohibition by an overwhelming majority, although the Porto Ricans themselves are not heavy drinkers.

There are signs that national prohibition is making rapid progress in America. Here are three noteworthy facts: I. The Connecticut Manufacturers' Association, representing over 200 of the leading manufacturers of that state, have passed a resolution fa voring complete war prohibition by a vote of 176 to I.

2. The American Medical Association, the most representative body of its kind in the world, in June adopted resolutions declaring alcohol to be neither a food nor a useful stimulant.

3. The National Conference of Charities and Correction set aside its custom of passing no resolution on a controverted subject, and unanimously adopted the resolution in favor of national prohibition.

Will the time ever come when there will be no further need of antigraft reformers, of anti-white slave societies, and those who denounce and try to uproot similar evils?

UNION AMONG NORWEGIAN LUTHERANS W E have already mentioned the movement toward union in the American Lutheran Church in connection with the quadricen- tenary of the birthday of the Reformation under Luther. While the General Synod, the United Synod and the General Council have taken the first steps toward union, the three great Norwegian Lutheran bodies of North America have actually effected an amalgamation. At St. Paul, Minnesota, in June, a convention was held, at which there were present 2,500 voting delegates, who decided in favor of a united organization which will include about 300,000 communicants.

A BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE "INLAND SEA"

One result of the lahors of the Missionary Gospel Ship A Missionary Captain and His Gospel Ship The Story of Captain Bickel of the Fukuin Maru, Japan BY REV. C. K. HARRINGTON, D.D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society O NE of the most beautiful parts of beautiful Japan is the famous Inland Sea, which lies between the mainland of Japan and the two large islands of Shikoku and Kyushu. Its waters afford a path for ocean steamers, and smaller craft innumerable, between Kobe and Moji, a distance of some hundreds of miles. Upon its bosom lie countless islands and islets, single or in clusters, to the various hues and shapes of which it owes much of its peculiar charm.

These far-strewn isles do not exist merely for the delight of the planet-pilgrim, gazing off upon them from the promenade deck of an ocean liner. They afford home and livelihood to a million and a half of human beings whose existence the average tourist ignores, but whom God remembers, and on whom the Great Shepherd looks with compassion, saying, "These also I must bring."

Twenty odd years ago, when this story begins, this island population was practically untouched by the Gospel. Modern missionary work had been begun in the empire about forty years before, and in the towns of the provinces around the Inland Sea little churches or groups of be-

lievers had come into being j but there was so little communication be- tween its islands and its surrounding shores, and the difficulty of reaching the island villages from any of the missionary centres was so great that the gospel message was still unknown among them. If, in one of a hun- dred villages, a faint gleam of the True Light had appeared, it was because some islander, returning from a visit to the mainland,' had entertained his neighbors with wonderful tales of the outlandish foreigner and his absurd religion.

The islanders were indeed a people dwelling apart, unaffected by the currents of life and thought which the impact of the western world upon Japan had set in motion. They were not, of course, savages, like the Fijians and Hawaiians in their primitive state. A stranger might mistake them for such, coming upon a company of naked copper-hued fishermen drawing their nets to the rhythm of some wild chorus j but, being Japanese, they are civilized, dwelling in frame houses, wearing the product of the loom, and engaged in agriculture, handicraft and trade, as well as in fishing. Public schools were within reach of every hamlet, and every village had its police-office and post-office. But the people were much behind the rest of the empire in intellectual and industrial development. What religion they had was sodden with superstition j and immorality was even more rife, and more leniently regarded, than among the Japanese generally.

N ow there was one tourist, a woman, who, looking upon the beauty of the sea and the islands, was concerned, withal, for the people who dwelt upon them. A woman of wealth she was, whose family had done business in great waters, and gotten much gain thereby, and the name of which was known in the shipping circles of the world. This Christian woman, meeting while in Kobe Dr. Thomson, missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, made inquiry as to what was being done toward the evangelization of the islanders of the Inland Sea, and learning of their neglected condition promised generous financial aid if work were undertaken on -their behalf, and on behalf of the people on other Japanese islands, lying far out on the blue Pacific. Although Mrs. Allan was a Presbyterian, this offer was made available to the Baptist Mission, and the home Board, on considering the matter, decided to close with it if only a man could be found fitted to meet the problems which the island work presented.

About the time of the American civil war there came to the United States a young German, seeking refuge under the Star-Spangled Banner from the hand of the German authorities, having been implicated in a movement for political reform. In America he was converted, secured an education, and married a cultured Christian American lady; and thus equipped returned to the Fatherland as a missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society to his own people. The name of Dr. Philip Bickel is well known to those who have followed the course

19171 A MISSIONARY CAPTAIN AND HIS GOSPEL

of missionary work in Europe dur- ing the past fifty years. For a long period he was the head and front of Baptist missions in Germany, and his influence extended far south to the Balkan mountains, and far east to the steppes of Russia. Around his table mission problems were dis- cussed by men gathered from many lands, and tales were told of danger and hardship endured.

It was in this missionary home, this heart and fountain of widely spreading missionary influence, that Luke Bickel was bred. Such a home is likely to be a nursery of mission- aries. The boy Luke, however, had set his heart on the practice of medi- cine, and his studies were being shaped in that direction when the Hand of Providence intervened. CAPTAIN LUKE W. BICKEL Some weakness of the -eyes com- pelled him to put away his books and get out upon the open sea, whose wide horizons and salt winds were the medicine he needed. Shipping before the mast he rose rapidly to the position of mate and of captain, and made many and distant voy- ages over the Seven Seas. His sea- faring life not only gave him an ex- pert knowledge of na vigation, but a body inured to hardship and fatigue, and a cosmopolitan spirit, which recognized the human worth of men of every race and condition.

Out on the lonely sea, moreover, he became better acquainted with God, and passed through spiritual experiences which fitted him for something higher than mere sailor- ing, when the time should come.

We next find him in London, in the employ of the Baptist Tract So- ciety of London. The affairs of this Society were in a very unsatis- factory condition. The remark- THE NEW "FUKUIN MARU" able energy and business ability

which Captain Bickel displayed in his work soon attracted attention, and presently the management of the Society was placed in his hands, with the result that it speedily became a live, modern, profitable concern.

Thus matters stood when the Baptist Mission Board, sitting in Boston, had the problem of the evangelization of the islands of the Inland Sea thrust upon it, and looked up to the Lord of the Vineyard, and forth upon the Christian workers of the world, for the man that was needed. "Before ye call I will answer." God had the man ready. The needs of the islanders appealed to the Captain's heart, and in due time he arrived in Japan, with the English wife he had married while in England. This was in the year 1898.

For a year or so Captain and Mrs. Bickel made their home in Yokohama, during which time he began to make .the acquaintance of the Japanese language, and superintended the building of the ship which was to carry the Gospel through the Inland Sea. She was built for beauty and strength: for strength, because she would have to weather many a wild storm; for beauty, because she would be to the islanders the expression of the spirit of the religion of Christ. Surely a daintier and more sea-worthy little ship never sailed the waters of Japan than was the Fukuin M aru the day she was launched from the shipyard at Honmoku Beach, and lay moored in Yokohama harbor, getting ready for the run to the Inland Sea. The lines of her hull were the perfection of nautical grace. She rode the waves like a white seabird. To the islanders, with keen eyes for whatever sails the seas, her spread of white canvas and her shining white hull began to preach the Gospel before she dropped anchor off their shores. Within, she was kept in spotless purity, as spick and span as a racing yacht. So far as a ship might, she proclaimed the beauty and purity of the new religion. Beside accommodation for the Captain and his family, and for the crew, there was a cabin for the Japanese evangelist, and a guest-cabin; and it was a rare and long-remembered pleasure to be guest on the Fukuin M aru. The only grettable feature of the ship-and for it the Captain was not responsible-was that she had to depend solely upon her sails for locomotion, and the lack of some auxiliary power cost the Captain many weary and anxious hours; for the channels of the Inland Sea are noted for their conflicting tides and baffiing winds. It may be mentioned here, by way of anticipation, that in 1902 Mrs. Allan's son, R. S. Allan, added a 25foot motor launch to his former gift of the vessel, enabling the Captain to move her about with much more facility; and that in 1905 she was fitted with auxiliary engines, adding greatly to her efficiency.

There were tedious delays in securing the permission of the Japanese government for an American ship, with an American captain, to navigate freely the waters of the Inland Sea, and it was the early spring of 1900 when at length Captain Bickel, standing under his blue peter in the harbor of Hiogo, gave ordt:rs to hoist anchor and sails for her maiden voyage among the islands.

A MISSlONARY CAPTAIN AND HIS GOSPEL SHIP

Knowing something of the conditions confronting him, he did not anticipate any immediate success. "I will work day and night," he wrote to the home Board at the time; "I will work day and night, as God may give me strength, for ten years without looking for visible results."

This was not merely because the island field was in itself so difficult, but also because of the method of work which the Captain had thought out while the ship was building. Instead of concentrating upon a few large towns, or some of the principal islands, where a few believers might speedily be gathered, and from which the work might then grad- ually spread out into the regions beyond-a method commonly fol- lowed on the mission field-he planned to extend the activities of the vessel to his whole island parish from the very beginning. Every village on every island was to be visited periodically, if only once a year, and the truths of Christian- ity were to be presented systematic- ally, in portions suited to the intel- ligence of the people. The whole island population was to be one great Bible Class, led forward as one body into the full light of the Gospel. This was to be done both by a graded series of addresses and a graded series of tracts, followed eventually, after about eight years of preparation, by a general dis- SUPERSTITION IN JAPAN tribution of Scripture portions. This method was of course an ideal Floating lanterns used to dispel spirits of sickness one, and could be carried out only in a general way. With such a plan as this, on such a field as this, no wonder that the Captain looked forward to ten years of labor with- out visible results. Under the circumstances it showed optimism to ex- pect results so early.

The difficulties encountered in the years immediately following were such as would test the stoutest faith and courage. The physical and spiritual strain of the work proved too severe for even the Captain's wrought iron constitution, and for a time it was in bodily weakness and suffering that would have sent the average land-lubber missionary home on a prolonged furlough that the enterprise was pushed steadily forward.

The mere secular side of the work,-the sailing of the vessel in new and difficult waters; the handling of the refractory Japanese crew, of whom more hereafter; the hard bone labor on shore, tramping the rough moun-

tain paths, thousands of miles of them, from village to village,-was enough to tax a strong man's power of endurance. And upon this, like Ossa on Pelion, was the tremendous load of the spiritual part of the campaign, the responsibility for a million and a half of people, intellectually depressed, superstitious, morally inert, stubbornly conservative, hostile to or suspicious of the Captain and all his works, dwelling in a thousand scattered villages that must be besieged and captured one by one, and aU these to be found and won and led and fed, and for it all just one little white schooner picking her way painfully from island to island, and pacing her deck a restless stranger from the west, who must be both skipper and missionary.. Well, yes, and there was God. The Captain happened to know this, and that saved the situation.

"Ten years without visible results, if God will," said the Skipper, as the Fukuin M aru rounded the north point of Awaji and stood away across the Harima Nada. But God's good will was otherwise. Already in 1903 the Captain could report: "The original plans for the systematic evangelization of these islands have been steadily carried out. God has turned organized opposition from hindrance to help, while the walls of superstition are slowly but surely being broken. An epochmaking event was our first baptism in this island work, which took place this year. Others await baptism. This ingathering, though small, coming as it does, owing to the nature of this work, so long before it was expected, gives us real joy." The number of believers slowly but steadily increased. In 1905 the first communion service was held, on the ship's deck, with twenty-two Christians partaking. In I 909, when the first ten years were coming to an end, there was an organized church with a membership of forty-one. But this represents only a small part of the blessing with which God was crowning the Captain's toil. There were 27 regularly organized Sunday-schools, and in addition many children receiving instruction on Sunday-school lines in week-day meetings. A kindergarten of 50 pupils and a night school of 40 were at work. Seven hundred persons were listed as specially interested in Christianity, and were in regular receipt of Christian literature. Four evangelistic centres had been established, in as many great groups of islands, with a resident evangelist in each, and from these and from the vessel 400 towns and villages were being reached, and 40,000 different persons were hearing the Gospel. Surely a good showing for the first ten years of work!

In 19°7 the Inland Sea Gospel Navy had been strengthened by the addition of Fukuin Maru No.2. This was a small Japanese craft, in charge of Captain Hirata, the former boatswain of the larger vessel, and was engaged in auxiliary evangelistic and colportage work. And here is the place to tell the Boatswain's story, best told in the Captain's own words. Hirata clambered up over the stern of the vessel one snapping cold winter day, looking for work. "All he had to support the dignity of his allegiance to the Mikado was half a shirt and. a loin cloth.

A MISSIONARY CAPTAIN AND HIS GOSPEL

A JAPANESE SUNDAY ON THE "FUKUIN AfARU"

His crafty eyes looked straight in the direction of the eight cardinal points of the compass all at once. He had one virtue at least, he was openly, cheerfully evil. He and the devil went watch and watch.

He gambled, stole, and lied by preference. He drank heavily and loved to fight. All this he did and worse. He came to the ship's daily worship with the rest, bowed his head like a saint and looked out of his eight-point eyes at the rest of the crew all at once with a wink to which they all responded. When it was over they went away forward and laughed at the fun. Being of sailor build, we had seen a craft or two since we first sailed deep water, but for straight evil-doing the 'Mis- sion Ship' outsailed them all. This lasted two years, and then something happened. One of the men fell overboard and was drowned.

God used this to move our friend's heart. He began to inquire We did not believe him sincere then, nor did we later when he professed faith in Christ. We refused baptism, but there was a change, even we could not deny it; yes, a change at last, slight indeed but growing in force continually until the old man became entirely new. He was changed from a gambling, lying, thieving, quarrelsome, ignorant tool of the evil one to a true child of God." The first thing the Captain knew, Hirata was off on shore spending his free evenings preaching the Gospel

in the adjacent villages, and preaching with power, in spite of his very limited knowledge of Christian doctrine. "In the measure of his previous degradation was his conviction of sin. In the measure of this conviction was his appreciation of God's wondrous mercy and his longing to render service of love. We tried to teach him and failed. He was outside our methods somehow. But he pored over the old Book of books in every spare moment, and at times half the night long would spell out the words and pray and think, until the tears ran down his face, and so we left him to God's Spirit. The harsh hands became gentle in service for others. The pride of other days became loving humility that would not be refused. The shrewdness of evil times turned to a remarkable thoughtfulness and resourcefulness in finding ways of service. Added to all this he developed a remarkable ability to hold a mixed audience with his powerful presentation of God's love and mercy." And when the little Fukuin M am NO.2 was launched, who so well fitted to be her captain as this new-made maR, Boatswain Hirata. In the log of the Fukuin M aru are other tales like this, and still others in the Log that is kept on high, of the power of the' old Gospel as shown in the work on the Inland Sea. The Awakening of Hirata is but one chapter in the story of the Transforming of the Crew, which from being the ship's disgrace, and the Captain's despair, became a glory and a joy, one of the most efficient agencies in the evangelization of the islands. Miracles like this, duplicable J]1any times on every mission field of the world, are God's continuous testimony to the truth of the declaration of Paul, the father of missions, that the Gospel is the power of God unto salvation.

During the past seven years the Inland Sea work has made steady growth, but lack of space forbids mention of details. The membership of the Fukuin M aru Church had at last reports reached 372. The number of kindergartens and Sunday-schools had been increased to 60. Sewing schools, factory girls' societies, young women's societies and the like had been started, for Captain Bickel's plan of campaign included all the women and all the children of the Inland Sea, as well as all the men. "The work for women and children must not be regarded as simply an adjunct to the general work of evangelization. It is a large and vital part of a far-reaching, all-embracing plan to lead the island people up out of the deep depths of prejudice and superstition, out of a death in life such as those who do not live in touch with it cannot comprehend, to the moral and spiritual heights of a knowledge of God and His love and pardon revealed in Christ."

About 19 I 2 Captain Bickel extended the compass of his work so as to include the open sea islands, lying southwest beyond the Shimonoseki Straits,-Iki, Hirado, and the Gatos. These islands carry a population of some 200,000 souls. The people are of an exceptionally fine type, and when the Gospel lays hold of them we may look to them for some of the strongest Christians in Japan. These deep sea islands form

the fifth of the five groups into which the Captain divided the islands of his parish, and an evangelistic centre was established, and an experienced evangelist placed in permanent residence.

After the Little White Ship built by Shipwright Cook on Honmoku Beach had served her purpose for thirteen years, it was found that the rapidly developing work demanded a larger and speedier vessel. The new ship was built by Japanese wrights at a shipyard on one of the islands. Captain Bickel was his own contractor and overseer. It is a common saying that for a missionary to build a house in Japan is to run the risk of nervous prostration. How unthinkable, then, must be the construction of a ship) where everything must be fitted and joined with microscopic minuteness! But Captain Bickel, as usual, achieved the impossible, and in due time the new Fukuin Maru was afloat, a goodly vessel. Her carrying capacity is 164 tons, and with engines of I 20-horse-power, burning oil, she has a speed of nine knots an hour. She has a 'tween-decks assembly room to seat 50 persons and ample accommodation for the working force she carries. In general appearance she differs as little as possible from the earlier vessel.

Although it is four years since the new ship was launched, she has seen comparatively little service. After the outbreak of the World War the Japanese military authorities forbade all foreign vessels the free navigation of the Inland Sea, and the Captain had to let his ship lie idle for about two years before he was able to prevail upon them to allow him the same freedom as before. The Japanese evangelists at the several strategic centres, however, continued their work, and the Captain went here and there, by whatever means of travel were available, giving encouragement and assistance.

Captain and Mrs. Bickel doubtless looked forward to many years of increasingly fruitful service. They did not know that the Captain's earthly work was almost ended. On May 11th God took him home to Himself. He had never fully recovered from the effects of the too heavy strain of the first years among the islands. His zeal led him to work constantly up to the limit of his strength, and frequently beyond that limit. The effects of an illness from which he suffered during the spring of the present year were still upon him when he threw himself, with his self-forgetting zeal, into the meetings of the Annual Rally. While thus weakened and fatigued, it became necessary for him to undergo a minor surgical operation.. No danger was anticipated. Within a few days he expected to be again sailing the White Gospel Ship among his beloved islands. But he had overestimated his powers of endurance. He had poured out his strength too lavishly. His work was done. Of him, as of many another missionary, as of the Great Missionary, it might be said, "The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up." Truly he lived for his work, and he died for his work.

The Fukuin M am enterprise has been amazingly successful. A

church of nearly 400 members, men and women saved out of absolute heathenism into the peace and joy of the service of Christ, is only one indication of that success. Forty or fifty thousand islanders had been brought under Christian teaching and influence, and were steadily moving toward the light. The leaven of the Gospel was slowly permeating the whole mass of the island population. It was our confident expectation that in a few years more the hundreds of believers would grow to many thousands. Who can take up the work and carry it on? Humanly speaking, our loss is absolutely irreparable. But the work is God's, and He has not reached the limit of his resources.

When Jesus was about to send Peter forth upon his ministry He made the ordination examination very brief. There was but one question, and it was thrice asked: "Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?" The first requisite for a successful ministry is Love. The second requisite is Love. The third requisite is Love. Everything else is the hands or the tools with which Love works. At the heart of the work of the Fukuin M aru has been a deep and constant love,-love first of all for the loving Christ, and with that a love for lost and erring men for whom He died. Love, and only love, wins love; and where love is won all is won. The method of the Gospel is psychologically correct. It has been the love of Christ, glowing through the heart of the Captain, and showing in all the work of the vessel, that has been winning the love of the islanders, and with that the islanders themselves.

A CHURCH FOUNDED BY THE "FUKUIN MARU" AT NAHA ON THE INLAND SEA

Buddhism's Fight for

An Attempt at the Revival of Buddhism in Japan BY REV. W. REGINALD WHEELER, HANKOW, CHINA O NE of the by-products of Christian propaganda in foreign nations is the stimulus given to the native faiths. This reaction against Christianity is seen especially in Buddhist circles. The .leaders of the various sects, many of which have become decadent, do not hesi-. tate to borrow from their rival religion, Christianity. Young Men's Buddhist Associations are largely modeled after the Young Men's Christian Association "interdenominational" and with emphasis upon social service. The Buddhist liturgy of the Buddhist services has been influenced by that of the Christian Church. In Tokyo the resemblance between recent Buddhist hymns and standard Christian ones is almost ludicrous. An article in the Japan Weekly Chronicle, of Dec. 28, 1916, entitled, "The Reaction Against Christian Propaganda," by "Japanglo," summarizes the chief features of this attempted revival. It mentions the appearance of a new Buddhist magazine in Kobe, called "Jiyu Bukkyo" ("Free Buddhism"), which is the organ of the New Buddhist Association. The first number, which appeared last October, pointed out the neces~ity for reform. Editorially the paper spoke as follows: "Buddhism is like an hotel near the railway but between stations. Once it was a famous hostelry, but the advent of the railway has left it stranded and the whole neighborhood suffers from neglect. Even should a wayfarer drop in he will find no comfort, for the place is not able to renew its furnishings and it has become worn out and obsolete. Just so is Japanese Buddhism-passed by and ignored by modern progress and unable to afford spiritual refreshment. True, there are still some intellectuals, people like University professors, who profess Buddhism, but they are very few, the great majority of Buddhists being but blind followers of tradition. They do as their fathers did, being too ignorant to know what changes science has wrought in the world, while their tradition is so dead that it has no influence on their lives.

"The people are not so much to blame as the priests. These indeed profess to be fighting the good fight, but their ancient weapons are useless in this Taisho era. Old-fashioned fortresses are a poor defence nowadays. Does it not humiliate one to observe the work of the professional Buddhists of Kobe? That is why we say that we must open a new way for Buddhism-and the new way is the old way of return to Buddha and a forsaking of sectarian paths. Not that all Buddhist sects should be destroyed. Each has its mission, and all are a safe refuge for the old folks who know nothing of progress. But by going back to

Buddha we may create a new Budd- hism which shall enable religion to go hand in hand with science. This shall be. our consistent aim."

This intention to modernize Buddhism, though by a different method, is expressed in an article on "Religious Reform," by Fujitani Shucho, in Yuben ("Eloquence") which is the same in substance as a speech he made at a meeting in Ky- oto. Among other things he said: "Bear in mind that religion is rather for this world than for the next. Some Buddhist sects declare that the world is a vale of tears. We believe it is a garden of pleasure and hope. Shinran, founder of the Shinshu sect, at nine years, wrote: Forethought is vain, A BUDDHIST SUNDAY SCHOOL CAI{J) In fairest hours The sudden rain "The Buddha is the Light and the Scatters amain Light is Wisdom"

The cherry-flowers.

Herein lies the necessity for religious reform. There may have been days when it was enough for religion to prepare the soul for the next world, but now we need a faith that will bear us up in worldly trouble.

"Similarly, religious teachers of the day must grasp our vital neces- sities. It is therefore a mistake to cry, 'Return to Shinran,' or 'Return to Nichiren,' or 'Return to Christ,' for the world is not as it was in their day. Gautama, Jesus, Shinran, and Nichiren had great messages for their own times, but none for ours. Buddhism declines because Budd- hists do not understand this. We must not return to Nichiren or to Shinran, but be a new Nichiren or a new Shinran, and renew our faith in terms that suit the times."

In an article called "Human and Religious Progress," in the Decem- ber number of Seinem Yuben ( "Youthful Eloquence") Prefessor Kaneko Umaji, Ph.D., of Waseda University, speaks of the necessity for reform. Some of his phraseology is apparently borrowed boldly from Christianity: . "I am very glad to see that the long-wished-for Y. M. B. A. (Young Men's Buddhist Association) has come into being among the students of this University of Waseda. The times needed it, and I am glad that you have taken up the task of finding a new Buddhism which shall march hand in hand with the progress of civilization. Ancient, divided, and

often corrupt, the Buddhism we have known awaits your reforms to re- gain its influence. ,Among those whom I address may be Christians or adherents of other religions. I do not criticise them, but to me, Buddhism, with its profound philos- ophy and its spiritual power over men and women, is the best of all religions. Yet with sorrow I con- fess that it fails to serve the youth of today. It is a sun obscured in clouds. It has been left behind by a progressive world. Not a few young men having sought in it their spiritual sustenance, and sought in vain, have desperately flung their lives away in a deep cataract pool or before a running train.. Buddhism must therefore be reformed.

"Religion should lead in social A BUDDHIST SUNDAY SCHOOL CARD Used in Japan to counteract Christian progress, otherwise it can never say, 'Come unto me all you that labour Sunday Schools and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.' The reformer comes not to destroy, but to fulfill. It is use- less to wait on the priesthood, They never reform. The task lies with you young men."

"]apanglo" comments thus on these questions: "As may be seen from the quotations made, the New Buddhist movement has its main stream in the Young Men's Buddhist Associa- tions of the middle and high schools, and manifests itself most effectively in the mass meetings of these bodies. Nearly all the universities and high schools have their Y. M. C. A, but the Y. M. B. A has now caught up and spread over the middle schools as well, the Christian Association having found its way into but few of these institutions. Like its Chris- tian prototype, the Y. M. B. A is undenominational and its members take themselves very seriously, and set before them as their goal the regeneration of the nation. They no longer waste their energies on the destructive criticism of Christianity. Usually they have monthly lecture meetings and occasionally mass meetings."

This may seem discouraging to some Christians, yet out of this very rivalry and frank comparison may come great benefits for those who are not afraid to trust such comparison between the True Light of Christ and the half lights of the religions of the East. Indeed Moku- shako Shonin ("Word-Eating Priest") in the October number of the

Shin Nippon ("New Japan") pays unconscious tribute to the superior zeal and devotion of the Christian missionaries. He says in part: "Christian missionaries go into the remotest parts of the earth to Increase their converts, braving all dangers and discomforts. But what do the Buddhist priests of Japan? Are men really alive wh9 are content to exist upon the remuneration they receive for reading prayers they do not understand at funerals? So mechanical is their performance that they make prayers at piece-work rates. And as their spiritual life declines, their physical luxury increases. They drink and dissipate, to pay for which they resort to ways of getting money from which even laymen should shrink. There are black sheep, doubtless, in the Christian ministry, but in the bulk there is no comparison. Christian workers constantly strike for the amelioration of social conditions-to rescue women, to educate the poor, to succour orphans, and the Buddhist priests loiter far in their rear. We laugh at the Salvationists, but we admire their work. Christian workers are on fire with zeal for the improvement of mankind. Buddhist priests follow their example, but half-heartedly. Buddhist preachers appeal only to the old and uneducated whom they tell of the delights of paradise, but they have no message for this life. Their preaching places often remain closed for months at a time. While the Christians strive to save souls, the Buddhists flatter millionaires and magnates. There are 72,000 first-class Buddhist temples, 52,000 chief priests, 148,000 preachers, 52,000 probationary priests, and 12,000 students in Buddhist schools-an astonishing number of men to be doing nothing."

This tribute seems sincere and praiseworthy, but in his final sentence "Word-Eating Priest" gives a curious intepretation of the motives of foreign missionaries. This motive in his eyes is a commercial one. In a preceding article he states that the sayings, "commerce follows the Cross," and "trade follows the missionary," are very common in America, and that this motive is an influential one there in furthering missionary zeal. The Japanese government was following the same line of thought when in the twenty-one demands upon China in 1915, it requested the right of propagating Buddhism; the purpose, according to "Japanglo," was political and commercial rather than religious. "Word- Eating Priest" finishes his article thus : "We hope the Buddhist priests will make up and become pioneers of Japan's foreign trade, like the Christian workers, for otherwise they will remain only an encumbrance to the Empire."

"Japanglo" comments thus: "This is a very naive way of putting' the matter, but it is the foundation upon which much quasi-religious enthusiasm has been built up of late years in Asia."

Missions As a Soldier Sees

A letter to Mr. Robert Holmes, Author oj' "My Police Court Frien:u, " printed in the" Canadian Churchman"

L YING here in hospital helpless three months from shrapnel wounds which refuse to heal, and just waiting, writes a gallant soldier of Kitchener's Army a month before he died, I have been thinking.

You know I have been all over the world. It would seem that I should have plenty to think about. Strange, isn't it, that my thoughts always go back to the one theme of Foreign Missions-especially as I never thought of them before but in derision; yes, and that notwith- standing help cheerfully given me at Mission hospitals in Amritsar, Jaffa and Uganda when I was sick.

I do not remember giving a single penny to Foreign Missions in my life. It was easy to prate about their uselessness-all so cheap and popular too. Even as I travelled in distant lands, sometimes well knowing that but for the work of missionaries there had been no road for me, I still refused to own the blessings their work conferred both on the natives they set out to convert and the country which gave the heroes birth. I think that stranger even than my ingratitude for help generously given me in Mission hospitals. For gold was my god. My whole energies were set on trade. I might in common fairness have recognized who prepared the way for markets which I found so profitable. But I did not.

When the call to arms came, as you will remember I told you in an earlier letter, I was in London, home on furlough. I joined Lord Kitchener's men. You sent me a New Testament. I have it now.

Reading at random for want of something better to do one night, I was struck by the words of John 17: 3: "And this is life eternal, that they might }mow Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, Whom Thou hast sent." I could not forget those words. They have been with me -every waking hour these twelve months. They are with m~ now. And how precious I find them, who can tell? They cause me to care not a jot for this poor maimed body, soon to be set aside.

I've found a Friend, oh, such a

He loved me e'er I knew Him; He drew me with the cords of love And thus He bound me to Him, And round my heart still closely twine Those ties which none can sever, For I am His and He is mine For ever and for ever.

I realize now that this Friend cares for every savage of our race, even as He cares for me, and why should He not?

Ah. there is the secret of my contempt for Foreign Missions. I had not then that life eternal. Would God I had earlier known the new Birth. I envy you fellows who have done so much for the cause. I would gladly die for it now when it is too late.

As I think of the loyalty of subject races, so gloriously exhibited in this day of stress, as I picture those splendid Indians seen in France, my mind still refuses to absorb any but the great central fact -We have here the fruition of the work of British missionaries and of the prayers of missionary-hearted men.

It is sweet to die for England-I do not regret it-sweet to see the devotion of tender nurses about our beds-a few vagrant thoughts flutter for a moment over these consolations, to die in the flood of glory bursting in contemplation of what it is to minister and to die for the sake and in the service of the King of Kings. That will never be my part. I do not complain. I am not worthy the high honour involved. But perhaps I might have been, had somebody taken me in hand early enough. Why does our Church keep Foreign Missions so much in the background? How is it that I was left so long a scoffer?

I do not blame any mortal. I am saying that something is wrong with a scheme of things which fails to put the whole world for Christ right in the forefront as the battle-cry of the Christian Church. I do not know your own inmost feelings. I do not know how keen you are. It is because you gave me the Testament wherein I found the words of life that I tell you something of my rambling thoughts and of the great central regret that fills my whole soul. My little money will presently be found devoted to the cause. But what is that? We can carry nothing out whither I go. My message is that all who are wise should work in the great service while it is day, remembering the coming night.

Church and the World Today*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER.* NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

I F ever there was a time when selfishness in individuals or in nations appeared mean and insufferable, that time is now. Almost all the peoples of the world are calling out for help and for sympathy. We are told in the life of Saint Paul that one night h6 dreamed that a man from the Balkans came and asked him to cross over the Hellespont and do some work in Europe. In response to that call of one man the whole course of Saint Paul's life was changed. The whole course of human history was changed as well. We are concerned today, not with one man whom we hear speaking to us in a dream, but we are seeing in the flesh hundreds of millions of men who are asking us to give our help and our sympathy to the lands to which they belong.

In response to this appeal one may see very clearly two diverse tendencies acting inside the Christian Church. One is the tendency of contraction, the Church huddling in upon herself or upon the soil of her own nation, or, maybe, enlarging her sympathies so as to take in the needs of allies in the great war, but as regards the far ends of the earth asking whether she would not better now abridge and curtail somewhat those distant and remote activities. There is a second tendency of postponement, the Church talking about the world conditions that are to pre· vail when the great war is done, and the part she is to have in the great tasks of reconstruction.

We make our protest against these two tendencies. The Christian Church is doomed, if, on the one hand, she begins now to limit the performance of her duties and to abridge the outgo of her world sympathy, and if, on the other hand, today she begins to talk not of the work that she is to do this very hour in the world, but of the work that she intends to do one year, two years, three years, four years, or even five years from now. We protest against these two tendencies because we believe that the only Christianity that can have any living power in our own nation today, or that can have any power in the work of reconstruction when the war is done, is a Christianity that does not shirk any of its duties today, but that meets the demands of its entire world task.

After all, if there is not vitality enough in a religion to carry it out to its work at the ends of the earth there is not vitality enough in that religion to do its work standing still. All the religion in the world today that has any power or vitality is "going religion," religion that is both the product and source of the foreign missionary undertaking. The * An address at the Sunday Tabernacle, New York. Reported for the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

churches and universities that we see around us would not be here if it were not for foreign missions. As a matter of fact there is no Christianity in the world today except the Christianity that is due to the foreign missionary activity of the Church. Christianity utterly died out in the land of its origin. There is no Christianity, even in the land where Christianity began, except what was brought back as a reimport from the result of the missionary activities .of Saint Paul and the early Church. We would have no Christianity and no Christian Church on earth if it were not for what the foreign missionary enterprise had done to perpetuate it. Religion dies if it does not attempt always and resolutely to conquer the whole world.

DISCARD OR DISTRIBUTE We protest against these two tendencies, not only for the sake of the life of Christianity, but also in the name of fairness and common honesty. Either Christianity is a good thing or it is not a good thing. If it is not a good thing, then we ought to discard it. If it is a good thing, then we ought to distribute it. And we have no right to set any bounds around that distribution. If Christianity is a good thing for us, we are under obligation to give it to all men everywhere in the world. If it is any good for me, it is because it is good for every man, and I am bound to pass it on to every other man. There is no Christianity in the world to which any man can lay claim as exclusively his own, by which he can separately develop himself, by which-I will dare say it-he can merely save his own soul and stop there. The only corporate Christianity in the world that the Master and Founder would recognize as His is the Christianity which its possessors try to share with every mannot only with the man who is their near neighbor. We have something that we are bound to share with all the world, not with N ew York City alone, not with the American nation only, not with the western races of the world only, but which we are bound to carry to every man and every woman and every child everywhere.

We protest against these tendencies because every need "that led to the establishment of the missionary enterprise in the past exists, intensified and accentuated, today. If men have needed Jesus Christ in the years gone by, does anyone of us need to be told that they need Him just as much, and that this old world needs Him more today, that if we need Him, every man, woman, and child in the world needs Him, in the same way? And if the people of China or India can get along without Him, the people of N ew York can get along without Him just as well. Men object to our carrying Jesus Christ to the Far East and to the Far South today. They have no quarrel with us. Their quarrel is with the Incarnation, for if it is not necessary for Christ to go to China today, it was not necessary for Christ to come to Palestine nineteen hundred

CHURCH AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

years ago. He was less needed for Judaism then than He is needed for Hinduism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and paganism today.

THE NEED OF THE WORLD All the need that there was for the Atonement in the beginning exists today in every nation of the world. Men need Christ and they need Him now. They need Him for their bodies' sake. Where in the world are men hungry today except where the Gospel has not come really home to the lives of men? Did you ever stop to think that the great deserts are within the bounds of the non-Christian religions, and that many of these deserts were made by these religions? The great racial assassinations have been under the aegis of great non-Christian faiths. Only where Christ has gone have men's lives been deemed sacred, have men's bodies been fed, have the common, elementary needs of life been met. If Christ were King in the world today, there would . not be a hungry mouth anywhere under the sun, nor one little crying child.

Men need Christ today not for their bodies' sake only. The moral needs of the world are as deep now as they were when Christ came, and they are everywhere. If they are in America, they are in every land. Where Christ's influence has never been felt even so slightly as in our own land there those moral needs are deeper and darker still. Chris- tianity is the only religion in the world that forbids polygamy. Every other religion either allows it or encourages or enjoins it. In a world like this there are abysmal moral needs rooted, many of them, in the unjust treatment of womanhood, that call for Christ.

There are everywhere, as there are in our hearts, deep, unsatisfied spiritual needs. Nothing else ever contented us until we found Him. Nothing else will ever content them until they find Him. "Thou, 0 Christ," we sing, "art all I want"-and Christ is all that every man wants. We protest against any denial of Christ to the world. It has a title in Him equal to any title that we have. The world calls for Him because He is as indispensable to its life as He is to ours.

Was there ever a day when, not for all men one by one, for the wants of their individual homes and hearts, but in one great mass of want, the world's need of Christ was so sharp and imperious as it is today? Who but Jesus Christ can ever bind this torn and discordant world together? We tried to do it with trade, and it could not be done. We tried to do it with diplomacy, but diplomacy failed. We have tried to do it with secular education, but secular education has been unequal to the task. There is only one way in which the world ever can be united in one: "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth," said Jesus Christ, "will draw all men unto Me." In the one Head of all humanity, the one Shepherd of the whole flock of every race and every people and

every tongue-only there can any hoPe of human unity ever be found. In a day when we are weary of the strife and hatred and war of the world, the need of the world for Christ protests against any abridgment of our will and purpose to share Him now with all the life of men.

And we believe in not only maintaining all that we have begun, but in even now enlarging and extending every effort to carry Christ today-not when the war is over, but today-to the last ends of the world, because we know what carrying Christ will signify and what nothing else will signify to mankind.

Men often say that they do not believe in the missionary undertaking. What is it in the undertaking that they do not believe in? Twentyfive thousand men and women have gone out, not for money's sake, not for honor or earthly gain, for they bury themselves out of sight. They have given up everything and have settled in the midst of uncultured, unappreciative millions of people. They have made friends with them. They have made their own lives a part of their life. The missionaries are there for nothing else than to be kind and Christlike to the peoples to whom they have gone. Is there anything in that ministry in which a man cannot believe?

They have gathered over two million little boys and girls together in schools in those lands to prepare them for the manhood and the womanhood that is remaking the nations of the earth. Is there anything in that with which anyone can disagree?

They treated in their hospitals this last year more people than the entire population of Greater N ew York, opening the eyes of the blind, eoabling the lame to walk, enabling the deaf to hear, curing sickness and disease and banishing pain. Is there anything in that with which men will disagree?

They lay down their lives for their brethren as they did in China during the Boxer uprising. Is there a greater love than that that men can have?

The only life that ever can be wasted is life that is not laid down in ways like that. Life that is laid down, seed fashion in the soil-there is no waste to that. It springs up and bears abundant harvest in chan~·. ing things, in changing the world, in the fruitage that lasts beyond death and the grave.

Because we know, having seen it with our own eyes and shared in it with our own hands, what the enterprise of Christ is accomplishing throughout the world, we protest tonight against the common tendency in men's thoughts that would now hold that enterprise in abeyance until some future day.

There are great needs in Europe. The Red Cross work for our own troops and our allies is an imperative and unmistakable need to which we can and must respond to the full measure of its every need. There are hungry people to be fed in Bel~ium and Serbia and Poland,

CHURCH AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

and there are thirty millions of h~man beings in India who never know what it is to have enough to eat, who say if only they could be fed adequately for two days they would be willing to lie down and die. There are millions of little children in Asia every night who cry themselves to sleep in their hunger and want of bread. For the sake of the world's need, which only Christ's Gospel can supply, we make our appeal today more earnestly and imperatively than in any past day, that Christ's last command should not be postponed now for an interval of a few months or years. It is valid now.

It would be easy to gather up the witnesses and let them bear testimony to the truth of these statements.

You may have read what the Chinese Ambassador to Washington recently said in Chicago, when without anybody's suggestion, he bore his testimony to what his nation needed, and to the men and to the women who were meeting his nation's need. He said: "I have outlined the work of the American missionaries in my land in order to show their activities and the utter unselfishness of their purpose. Some of them devote five or ten years to China, while others spend their whole lives there. But whether for a longer or for a shorter period, they all do it with the desire to give and without the hope of gain to themselves beyond the gain of satisfaction in service rendered and in duty done. These men penetrate the innermost parts of our country and mingle with the people as members of the local community. Neither hardships nor difficulties deter them. In the last half century troubles sometimes arose between them and the local people; but they were always peaceably settled without the display of military or naval power on the part of the United States, and without the loss of political or territorial rights on the part of China, so that by contrast and comparison the people of China have long come to recognize the difference between the missionaries from the United States and the people from other lands. For this reason, they have manifested their readiness to receive and welcome them with open arms. Nothing which individual Americans have done in China has more strongly impressed the Chinese mind with the sincerity and genuineness and altruism of American friendship for China than this spirit of service and selfsacrifice so beautifully demonstrated by American missionaries." And he was thinking not merely of social benefits rendered. "As religious teachers," he added, "they have made the Christian faith known to the millions of China who had not heard its truths before and thereby gave them new hope and a new source of inspiration. It is impossible to estimate how much happiness and comfort they have brought to those who found life miserable because of its lack of spiritual vision."

In a little spot near the wall of Mukden, that old capital of China away up in Manchuria, is a grave, and nearby a tablet placed on the wall of the new medical school and hospital. Two years ago I stood in front of that tablet to the memory of young Arthur Jackson, who led his school at Liverpool, and who was one of the best-known athletes and scholars of his day in Cambridge University. He went out in the fall of 1910 as a medical missionary to Manchuria. A month later the pneumonic plague began to come down from the north. The Chinese hunters had been sending down their marmot skins, and the deadly germs had been

carried in them. Before the Chines~ Government had taken adequate precaution, the pestilence had worked its way down from Harbin to Mukden. The death rate was one hundred per cent. Not one man, woman, or child attacked recovered. When China learned what an awful terror was moving down upon her four hundred millions, she stood dumb and aghast. Arthur Jackson laid down all his other work, went down to the railroad station at Mukden to erect a barrier between that on-coming pestilence and the helpless masses of Chinese behind him. Day after day, clothed in oilskin boots and a long white robe, with a bag over his head, breathing through a sponge, he went about his work segregating the diseased and visiting every railway car that came in and separating every suspected Chinese, until at last he had stemmed the fatal tide. Then when his work was done he discovered one day in his own sputum the blood traces that told him of the inevitable end, and in a few hours the great Christlike life had come to its close. They carried him around the walls by night and buried him outside the gates. Two days afterwards, in the British Consulate, they held their little memorial service. The old Chinese Viecroy made a speech. He never had known of anything like this, and had never seen a man lay down his life in sacrificial love. All this was the revelation of a new principle of life and character. He said: "We have shown ourselves unworthy of the great trust laid upon us by our Emperor. We have allowed a dire pestilence to overrun the sacred capital. His Majesty the King of Great Britain shows sympathy with every country that calamity overtakes, and his subject, Doctor Jackson, moved by his sovereign spirit, with the heart of the Saviour who gave His life to deliver the world, responded nobly, and we asked him to help our country in its need. He went forth to help us in our fight daily. Where the pestilence lay thickest, amidst the groans of the dying, he struggled to Ctire the stricken and to find medicine to stay the evil. Worn by his efforts, the pestilence seized him, and took him from us long before his time. Our sorrow is beyond all measure; our grief too deep for words. Doctor Jackson" – I am still quoting the old Chinese-"was a young man of high education and great natural ability. He came to Manchuria with the intention of spreading medical knowledge, religious comfort, and other blessings on the eastern people. In the pursuit of his ideal, he was cut down. The mission has lost a recruit of great promise; the Chinese Government, a man who gave his life in his desire to help them. 0 Spirit of Doctor Jackson, we pray thee intercede for the twenty million people of l1anchuria and ask the Lord of Heaven to take away this pestilence, so that we may once more lay our heads in peace upon our pillows. In life you were a brave; now you are an exalted spirit. noble spirit who sacrificed your life, please help us still and look down in kindness upon us all."

Remembering the men like him, the thousands and thousands of them, scattered up and down the non-Christian lands amid pestilence that will not postpone itself until the war is done, amid sin and moral and spiritual needs that are present and insistent realities, we plead with Christian men and women to make of their lives a new consecration, and to resolve, in the face ofthe new conditions that we confront today, upon

CHURCH AND THE WORLD TO-DAY

a larger and fuller measure of obedience. Our fathers, in darker days than these, did not feel justified in demitting their missionary responsibilities. In the darkest days of the Civil War they maintained and enlarged their undertaking. Our own board testified in the fourth year of the war that it had never withdrawn a single missionary or shut up a single station or withheld, for financial reasons, a single man or woman. The Scotch, Canadian and English churches are not surrendering today. The Methodist Church in Canada had the largest missionary income in its history last year, and the English Wesleyan and London Missionary Societies in Great Britain the same. Shall we, with vastly more wealth than they, not do our full duty? If there ever was an hour when this cause was needed, it is needBd now. This is no day to surrender any international bond, any instrumentality of Christianity that overleaps racial division and bridges the chasms that separate the peoples of mankind. This is the day for us with every last sacrifice we can make to maintain and expand our activities to make Christ known to the whole world. We have been singing again and again up and down this land those words of Julia Ward Howe: "He hath sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat"; "He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat."

How is He sifting them out? By watching whether or not they, in this day, follow the call that sounds no retreat. The Church is not now, if ever, warranted in huddling in upon herself, in drawing back from her most distant and complete devotion. Now of all days we are called to the ends of the world.

You remember the incident-it may be apocryphal, but it has truth in it-of the drummer boy in one of Napoleon's campaigns to whom the great commander turned in an hour when the cause for the day seemed lost and said, "Boy, beat me a retreat!" And to him the lad dared to reply, "Sire, I know not how. Desaix never taught me that; but I can beat a charge that will make the dead fall into line I I beat that charge at Lodi; I beat it at the Pyramids. Let me beat it now I" And without waiting for the word, he beat his charge and over the dead and the wounded, and over the breastworks and the batterymen, he led the way to victory. Today let us not know how to beat any retreat. Let us hear the voice calling now more clearly and more appealingly than it ever called in any of the days gone by, "If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments."

What did He command? In those very last moments, His chance for one final word, until the sky grows ruddy with the hope of His coming again, there before the clouds caught Him up out of sight of men, He said, "Ye shall be my witnesses unto the uttermost parts of the world." And the thunder of the guns across the battlefields of northern France cannot drown in the heart of any Christian man the summQns, the deathless abiding summons, of those last words. What Have Missions Done for India?

FROM J. T. TAYLOR'S "IN THE HEART OF INDIA"

Words of grateful appreciation of the work of missionaries in that Empire SIR BARTLE FRERE, after serving as Governor of Bombay, testified: "The teaching of Christianity . . . . is ef· fecting changes, moral, social and political, which for extent and rapidity of effect are far more extraordinary than anything you or your fathers have witnessed in modern times."

Sir William Hunter, one of India's best informed officials and authors, wrote to the London Times as follows: "English missionary enterprise is the highest modern expression of the worldwide national life of our race. I believe that any falling off in England's missionary efforts will be a sure sign of swiftly coming national decay."

Sir Andrew Fraser, late Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, as- serted fourteen years ago in an address given at Simla: "It has been my policy to find out the school from which boys who are candidates for the civil service come, and I find that the best boys we have come from missionary schools and colleges. That, after all, is not wonderful, for our missionary schools and colleges have professors of high character and education. There is nothing that England can give to India, notwithstanding the many blessings she has given, to compare with the Gospel of Christ."

Lord Sydenhatn, the late Governor of Bombay, speaking in Calcutta on the "Problem of India," said, "that he went to India with no very great prepossessions in favor of missionary work. But after five and a half years of careful study of the conditions and tendencies of modern India, he had come to the conclusion that missionary effort was playing a far greater part than was generally realized in raising the standards and ideals of life among the people and therefore fulfilling one of the greatest and most sacred of their national responsibilities."

WHANG-A CONVERTED KOREAN

This Korean Christian invented an apparatus for reading. He strung different shaped bits of tin and wood (representing letters) on a cord to spell out a Bible verse and then memorIzed it to do evangelistic work The Bible in Chosen-I BY REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, TAIKU, CHOSEN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T UCKED away in a narrow valley among the criss-crossing moun- tain ranges of South Korea is the little village of Hyo-Sun. You will not find it indicated on your map 8Y even the tiniest of black dots. Twenty houses of sun-dried mud and rice thatch nestle along the edge of the stream on the sunny side of the valley. Above on the hillside at the edge of the pine grove is a structure, more pretentious than the others, almost fifteen feet square indeed, with latticed doors and heavy tiled roof, and a large inscription whose twisty black characters

with their carefully finished flourishes proclaimed the building as a "Hall of Literature." It was not a libdry except in so far as a Carnegie "library" is a library before the funds have been subscribed and the books purchased. It was the "school-room" of a Confucian scholar whose ability to memorize, analyze and paint with loving strokes more thousands of those same twisty characters than any of his neighbors could manage, had given him a reputation far and wide through the countryside. When we saw it first it was packed full of the disciples of Old Kim, peering through huge horn-rimmed goggles at yellow-paged books flat opened on the slippery floor. But for once Old Kim was not teaching or expounding, not even reading aloud the black columns of picture characters in his customary sing-song. He was humbly asking questions. Before him on the floor lay a thick copy of the Bible printed in the classical Chinese character. He had bought it from a passing col- porteur and had read it for weeks, puzzling over its stories and wonder- ing at its new teaching about Life and Resurrection. There was nothing like that in his books! But today was a day long awaited. In response to a Macedonian cry oft repeated, a foreigner had come for the first time to explain the doctrine of the Book. (Someone in America may have to explain some day why that foreigner had not come sooner.) Face to face they sat on the polished floor, Old Kim with his grizzled hair twisted into a skimpy top-knot beneath his transparent gauze hat, his wrinkled face all lighted by the brightness of two keen eyes glowing with the interest of new and suddenly grasped ideas, his stumpy finger on the printed page, and the Westerner who had come to open to him the Scriptures. They were not random questions that the old man asked.

He had jotted them all down beforehand on scraps of paper. He read them off slowly, one by one, and then as the answers were given he turned the pages of his Bible to verify the quotations given in answer, only smiling with a little quizzical grimace toward one or another of his disciples now and then when he thought he had made a point in argu- ment or puzzled the foreign teacher. Around them on the floor were crowded Old Kim's disciples listening in polite and eager attention to the dialogue between the two "Elder Born," the teachers of the old re- ligion and the new. So they searched the Scriptures together late into the night and half the next day. Then they burned the fetiches in their houses and "turned from idols to serve the living and true God and to wait for His Son from heaven, even Jesus. " And there is a Christian church in the village today. It is worth noticing that men's attention is still arrested and their consciences touched by the message of the printed page. Also, the Berean method of Bible study (Acts 17: I I) is still the method approved of God. Searching the Scriptures to see whether the message is so, will take you farther on the way of Life than searching your intellect to see whether the Scriptures are true. The Korean Church is a witness to the fact today.

7] THE BIBLE IN

The Korean Church is a scriptural church. In its beginning and its life and its growth it affords striking parallels to the experiences of the church of apostolic days. It is scriptural, too, in the sense that the Word of God occupies a central place in the life of Christians, indi- vidually and collectively. An exam~ ination of the providental prepara- tIOn of Korea for the reception of the Bible, the Koreans' reception of it "as indeed it is the very word of God," the direct and always evident relation existing between their treat- ment of the Word and their spirit- ual life, and the degree to which scriptural thought and even verbal expression have penetrated their life and thought and literary expression, will bring into prominence some of LITTLE KOREAN GIRL WITH HER BIBLE the most interesting features of the She has her mother's hat and her own history of evangelical Christianity Bible which she has learned to read in what is now the Japanese province of Chosen.

The preparation of Korea for receiving the Bible and its message was distinctly providential. Conditions of Korean life and thought were no small part of this preparation. It was natural that a people who exalted literature to the point of reverencing it should receive with at- tention and interest a written message which claimed to be the record of divine revelation. The very fact that it came as a book carried with it an irresistible appeal which the Western mind cannot fully appre- ciate. There was the further appeal of the very Orientalism of the book.

Its spiritual teachings and its central message of Redemption were new, its historical and geographica-l references were meaningless allusions to things in the outer world of barbarians, but after all it seemed to be their own book. It reflected their manners and customs, to a certain extent their rites and sacrifices and their familiar forms of speech. Somethirig like that vague sense of having been in a certain situation before which some- times puzzles and interests us became to the Korean a link of fascinating appeal as they found in the Scriptures, not descriptions of Western things and barbarian customs which no amount of explanation could make intel- ligible or even credible, but the familiar things of daily life. Thepeople of the Book said, "Peace be with you" in their salutations, and all the Kims and Paks and Chois of Korea did that too. There were sacrifices and offerings, there were marriage customs and mourning costumes, there

were beds you could carry and mills at which two could grind, there were devils that harassed men, and exorcists who tried to cast them out in vain, there were thre3hing Hoors and winnowing fans and plows and reaping hooks and fishermen mending their nets, and there were visions and parables and dreams, and they said "These things were written for our instruction. Let us examine the doctrine set forth."

The spiritual concepts of the people were a preparation for their reception of the Book. Their thought of God, dim and vague and impersonal though it had become through centuries of degeneration, was still a point of contact and only a little instruction and explanation was necessary to restore its forgotten values. It was like digging again the: wells which their fathers had known but which the Philistine centuries of sin had stopped. Their familiarity with the idea and practice of prayer to unseen agencies and powers prepared them for a Book of prayer life. Their idea of sin had been confused by social custom and perverted judicial procedure that was not judicial at all, until sin and crime had become practical synonyms, and only that was sin which by discovery to the authorities became crime. But after all there was an innate consciousness that they were morally responsible, and they. believed that sometime, somewhere retribution would follow sin. They knew that their case was evil, yes, and hopeless. "If a man sins against heaven," so the proverb runs, "there is no place in his life for prayer." Was it any preparation for the good news of salvation, this sense of sin?

"As for me," writes a certain other Mr. Kim, "death and misfortune reigned in our family and in my distress I took up the study of Geomancy. At that time a friend in our village first became a Christian and when I saw that he was in no way harmed by doing so and when I saw that others who became Christians suffered no evil effect, I thought over the saying 'It is the righteous man whom evil cannot harm' and I also had a desire to believe the Gospel. Moreover, my desire to believe (in Jesus) was the greater because there was a certain fearfulness of my mind constantly growing on account of m'Y sins . . . but how it all came about is too long a story to tell."

In addition to all this subjective preparation there was a remarkable provision for the rapid spread of the printed Scriptures. Korea's excellent alphabet and easy script prepared in the providence of God nearly five hundred years ago, awaited in practical disuse for the coming of the Book which would be translated into the vernacular and printed in the easy character which even a coolie could learn to read. Not only was the instrument ready to hand, but there was scarcely any other literature in that same easy script and therefore available for the common people, so that the Bible was from its first introduction practically free from competition. It became the library and literature of thousands who had no other they could read. The classical literature of the country was in Chinese, and only those familiar with that language

BIBLE IN

understand what a foe to literacy is that difficult ideographic script. But in Korea there was this providential instrument of evangelization and an open field for its spread. Houses which had no other books soon had their Bibles or Testaments, certainly a Gospel or two and some hymn books. Scholars might scoff. For them there were versions in the Chinese character, but effective instrument and unchallenged opportunity were never more happily united than when the Bible was put into the language and script of the people of Korea.

The first translations of portions of the Bible were made only thirtythree years ago by missionaries in Manchuria in the days when Korea was as yet closed to the world. These were carried across the Yalu River by Christian Koreans who had been living on the Chinese side and became in a measure the seed sowing of future harvests. From the very first the Bible Societies, particularly the British and Foreign Society, have been the chief agencies in promoting accurate and complete translation, publication and wide distribution of the Scriptures. Their colporteurs go everywhere. Moreover, the Korean colporteur has been both ingenious and enthusiastic in his work. A certain village was notorious for its refusal to allow the Gospel to be preached within its bounds, and no "foreign books" could be sold in the market place. But once on a crowded market day a man appeared with a pack apparently full of the little circular pads which Korean women wear on their heads when balancing burdens there. He stood on a heap of wood in the market place and spoke to the gathering crowd. "See these little pads," he said, "they are woven from a special kind of reed that grows in a Southern province. Did you ever stop to think how those reeds got there? God put them there for our use and convenience. Would you like to know more about the God who provides such things and great spiritual blessings, too, for men?· With each of the pads you buy I am giving away free a copy of a little book which tells you all about the matter. We call them the Blessed Word (Gospel) head-pads. Who will buy a Gospel head-pad?" Small wonder there is a church in that market town today. It is only an illustration of the evangelistic energy of the workers and the fruitage of the work. Today not only is the work of official and salaried colporteurs being carried on, but there is a growing movement of volunteer colportage among the churches, which is still more largely increasing the circulation of the Scriptures. Churches regarding themselves as merely evangelistic organizations (as indeed they should be, whether in Korea or America), send out their members two by two into "all the villages round about" in the effort to get the Scriptures into every house, and they follow it up with personal work. Moreover, the Korean Christian in his personal work does not fall into the error of trying to pass on a subjective experience without corroborative evidence. He tells of the joy and peace that are his through faith in Christ, but his answer to incredulity and opposition has become almost

stereotyped, "Do not listen to my word; jf you read the Holy Writings you will know."

Missionaries themselves were colporteurs, and on the road always carried supplies of Bibles and portions of Scripture. New Christians were encouraged to buy copies for themselves, and if illiterate, were required in the majority of cases to learn to read the script and make a personal study of the Scriptures. Candidates for baptism must be able to say that they had read prescribed portions of the Bible. All of these things combined to give large importance to the Word, and the constant carrying of a Bible wrapped in the inevitable cotton parcel carrier, became a mark of the Christian. This latter custom, indeed, proved an actual lifesaver to many in the turbulent days before annexation when the insurgents were shooting on sight any of their countrymen suspected of pro-]apanese tendencies. The cropped hair of the Christians was a suspiciously pro-]apanese token, but the little bundle containing Bible and hymn book were taken as counter evidence that the haircut indicated religious rather than political predilections 1 There are instances on record, however, where a Christian who concealed his Bible was shot on suspicion and his assailants learned too late that he really was a Christian, but one ashamed of his calling!

This wide distribution of the Scriptures is making scriptural conceptions and language familiar to thousands who have never professed themselves Christians, and no one can ever tell the number of those who have been brought to a knowledge of Christ from a simple reading of the printed Word. Let one Christian testify to his own experience.

"In the year 1902 I received casually from an unbeliever a scripture tract .called 'Principles of Truth' and having read it carefully I knew in my conscience it was truth, and then in 1907 at the Yung Chun market I bought a copy of John's Gospel in the vernacular and having studied this for a year had a mind to believe in Jesus, but there was no house of worship in my neighborhood so I let another year go by, but in 1908 I looked up the chun:;h at 1m Pung and attended there for five months until having preached effectively to some two score people in mine own village I made a place of prayer meeting in mine own house and there in the next year I myself understood clearly the truth of the forgiveness of sins and thereafter, digging at the matter little by little, I have come to a true belief in John 11: 25-26 (I am the Resurrection and the life)."

There you have in his own words the initial impulse, the means and the method. God's Word piercing a conscience, received in faith, studied with persistence makes wise unto salvation.

(To be concluded in October)

WYCKOFF'S CLASS OF OUTDOOR GYMNASTICS IN THE UNION

COLLEGE, MADRAS College Women in America anq Their Sister College in India BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

SIR RABINDRANATH TAGORE, in his final address as he was leaving America, stated that American women, in his estimation, are crude and impotent. It is due, however, not to Mr. Tagore and his countrymen, but to American and British women that even one per cent, of Indian women are able to read Mr. Tagore's poems. Pioneer work of Christian women has resulted in a chain of secondary schools and has created the demand for a Christian college for women in India.

The first Union Christian College opened in July, 19I5. A Board of Governors was appointed representing twelve boards, six in Great Britain, including the Church of England and the Church of Scotland, five in the United States, and one in Canada. Miss Eleanor McDougall, a member of the faculty of London University, was chosen president.

The history of the college reads like a fairy tale. It opened in the second year of war with every discouragement, with no permanent home, and with the assurance that the British Government in India, usually so generous with grants of aid for educational enterprises, could do abso-

lutely nothing during the war. It demanded faith and courage to forge ahead. They were not lacking. The college opened July I, 1915, with 42 students, in a rented house, with an incomplete staff. July I, 19 I 6, found an entering class of 72, a permanent home known as Doveton House, with ten acres of land in the most beautiful residential section of the city of Madras, on a street prophetically named College Road. These premises were the gift of the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society from the legacy of Laura Spelman Rockefeller. This legacy came to the Society with the recommendation that a certain part of it be used for higher educational institutions for women in the Far East.

Miss McDougall's recent Journal gives a description of this permanent home, and the latest news regarding the additional building which was needed for a large entering class at the opening of the third year, July 1,1917.

"The house is approached from both gates by a very beautiful avenue of trees. It opens in front of the house and discloses what is, I believe, the tallest portico in Madras, raised on four huge white pillars and sheltering both the entrance and the room upstairs from the southern sun. The house extends symmetrically to left and right, three rooms in length on each side, and recedes far back northwards in the middle, giving us on each floor a magnificent room with the ceilings supported by two rows of white pillars. Each room ends in a large bow and a very wide verandah goes all round. We use these rooms as dining hall and library, thus sacrificing, we are told, the best dancing floors of Madras, for, curiously enough, though every part of the building is of stone, the stairs and these two floors are of wood. The staircase also is a great wonder, for it goes in seven flights round the walls of our square hall without any visible means of support, and it is not strange that some of our new students who had never before been in a house of more than one story, felt a little nervous about going up to bed. On the roof there is a large sleeping room with very many doors and hardly any walls, but most of the space is clear, and it is an admirable place for observing the stars. In the daytime we have a delightful view chiefly of treetops with occasional spires and towers, for though Madras has half a million inhabitants they and their houses are lost in the ocean of leaves. Madras itself turns from green to brown in the hot weather, but the trees always keep their fresh green leaves.

"This house which has been inhabited by a long series of government officials in high place and occasionally by Indian potentates, such as the late Gaekwar of Baroda who was detained there, is used by us chiefly for academic purposes. Our five class rooms are here, and the library and dining hall, also the office and the small porch which is all that we can spare for a students' Common Room. Four of the staff live here, but only nine of the fifty-two resident students. The rest are in the bungalow, consisting of three large rooms and a very wide veranda. We

WClI1EN fN AMERICA AND

MISS DIBELL'S CLASS IN BIOLOGY ON THE VERANDA have built another story on the roof of this-nine small room_~ round an open space, Indian fashion, and the house is now inhabited by two of the staff and some twenty-five students. The others live in small rooms .round an open courtyard in what was, I think, the Gaekwar's zenana. We made a window in every room and added bathrooms, and it has resulted in a very charming little habitation overlooked by a great tree.

"Between this and the big house there is an oblong building of some size with a large upper room approached by two external stairways. This we have made our chapel, and a real church bell, the gif~ of a few Westfield students, calls us to prayers twice a day and to other services such as the regular meetings for intercession about the war, and the Sunday afternoon chapel service. It is a peaceful spot, full of light and silence. Its white walls have no adornment except a series of Hale's pictures of the life of Christ and a copy of the 'Praying Hands,' of Durer, The many windows are protected by dark green shutters, and the breeze blows softly through.

"My own room is the most charming in the college, but I must not say much about it as I think that next year I shall be lodged elsewhere, If the college increases, as no doubt it will, my present abode will be needed as a dass-room, and the rooms at present used by Miss Coon, Miss Paul and Miss Fisher will be adapted for the teaching of Science. Our great desire is to put up a new residential building to house th~se

dispossessed lecturers and the new students whom we must expect, and to devote this house entirely to teaching, keeping only the beautiful high- roofed dining hall in domestic use. We haVI; at present 52 resident stu- dents, and I think that we shall rapidly rise to roo. After that it be- comes a matter for very serious consideration whether we shall not de- feat our own purpose by admitting more students. Some of us feel strongly that the Indian girls at their present stage cannot profitably be taught in large classes and that community life will, for them, lose its chief value if the number of students is so large that personal relations become slight and general. Both in their studies and in their social life each individual needs the close personal attention which cannot possibly be given to multitudes.

For these two purposes, the extension of our residence and the es- tablishment of our science department, we needed £9,000. A very great joy came to us last month in the shape of a promise from Government t·o pay half the expenses of the building of the new residence, anq it, is be- lieved that probably half the expenses of the Science Hall will come from the same source.

We have still untouched $7,500 of the Westfield gift which is lying in the bank and peacefully producing two rupees a day for us in the way of interest. So we still need $10,000 or $15,000, and we are hopefully trusting that this may be sent to us."

The challenge we meet just now is not great and must be answered immediately. The Indian Government will break its rules and provide a half grant of £4,500 if British and American women will secure the other half, $22,500. British women have already bravely pledged $12,500 of this amount, of which Miss McDougall's own college in London gave $7,500. Let us remember that these British women are in the midst of war, which has not yet touched us to the point of sacrifice. They are taxed and burdened beyond all comprehension, and yet they rise bravely to meet this challenge. We must not fail them. We are their allies in this enterprise of peace.

The Board of Governors earnestly hopes that collegiate alumnae of America will unite in meeting the imperative needs of this sister college. Among the best gifts from America are the three young women for the faculty.

Already Boston, Cleveland and N ew York have appointed committees of twenty-five representing groups of collegiate alumnae. These women are securing their full share of this amount, $7,500. It is hoped that other college groups and individuals interested in the higher education of women will respond to the call. Since this article was written a gift of $2,000 nearly completes the assessment of $7,500~ Miss McDougall's recent letters however urge that if possible $ ro,ooo be secured, and the fund will be left open for gifts which we trust may be received before October 1 st. The Secretary and Treasurer is Rev. W. I. Chamberlain, 25 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.

A TRAVELING SCHOOL HOUSE ON THE MEXICAN

A Traveling School House BY MISS LEE McCRAE, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA This interesting story is an illustration of 'What might be done in many out- lying to'W11S on the railroads to supPly Church and Sunday-School services where there are none or where construction work is being done.-EDIToR.

SOMEWHERE along the Southern Pacific railway, in the desert lands close to the Mexican border, you may find a train that looks like a freight, but is not. It is a passenger train. All of the red box cars have little high-up windows-or shuttered holes for windowsand stove-pipe chimneys sticking up through holes in the roofs. The car on the end flies the American flag to show that it is an American school-house.

This traveling school-house is not on Uncle Sam's books. It is built and maintained by the railway company, and the idea originated in the brain and heart of Superintendent W. H. Whelan. It is the first of its kind in the world, and meets a great need. This railroad stretches over a territory so immense that the fastest train takes nearly three days and nights to go from New Orleans to Los Angeles. Much of this is prairie primeval, with never a town or hamlet to which the crews of its construction trains can go at night for food and shelter. The men must eat and "bunk" in the cars wherever they happen to be, and their families must live in the box cars, too, to be shifted as the construction work demands.

It is a hard life, yet the laborers come eagerly and consider them- selves fortunate to hold so good a job. Only the foreman and time-

keepers are Americans. All the rest-2,200 of them scattered over this division-are Mexicans, and when they came straggling across the border in little bands, seeking work, they brought absolutely nothing with them save their wives and children and dogs. Few were decently clothed; they had only what household goods they could carry in their arms. All were so hungry that they had to be fed for several days before the men were able to go to work.

Seeing their pitiful need, Mr. Whelan resolved to put into practice that good old Salvation Army slogan, "Soup, Soap and Salvation." At his orders, the poor migrants were taken into settled camps, fed, made to "wash up" (and disinfect), were given clothing and shelter and allowed some days in which to get physically fit before being put to work. The wives and children shared in all this, so that it is no wonder that they clamor to "speak Americana" and be Americana! That is exactly what the great railway system wants of them.

In each camp where there are cabins regular settlement work is done among them. They are given quick-growing trees and vines to plant; an abundance of pure water is provided; and even ice is supplied in torrid weather. Paid teachers go to the homes to teach the women simple sewing, cooking, sanitation, and general principles of health and home-making. A white-painted hospital car is installed, with its physician in charge, equipped with cots for the sick, baths for everybody, and medical advice as free to them as the winds of the desert. Many and many a wee Mexican opens its eyes to the light of earth in this white box car-so many that it ~s called the "Nursery."

The people respond to this kindness, for in the real Mexicanwhere the strain of the Yaqui Indian is missing-is always a vague outreaching for better things than he has known. Once fed and clothed and given a decent wage and he becomes a good worker. In the women, particularly, underneath their moral evil and the vileness of their outward living, there is an anxiety for things that make for civilization, for homes and beauty and music, for what their lives have missed till now. Perhaps it is a far bit of inheritance from their Spanish ancestry.

Wherever the railroad can do so they build little school-housesoften of railroad ties on end-to which the children come gladly. Mr. Whelan started in life as a school-teacher, and for a good many years has carried on this work along his Arizona and New Mexico divisions. Some of the first pupils were graduated from high school last summer. Mr. Whelan says: "There was one problem hard to solve: schooling for the children of our extra gangs which live in outfit cars and are moved about as the construction work demands; hence the need for and the establishment of school cars. The experiment is working so well that we now have three more school cars ready for the road. The children themselves

H)I7J A TRAVEUNG SCHOOL HOUSE

INSIDE OF THE TRAVELING SCHOOL HOUSE are, as a rule, quite bright, study hard, and are as proud of their school and Stars and Stripes as any little Americans."

The new invention, the telegraphone, has been installed along this railway and the construction crews have learned that by connecting them up they can have music all along the line. So at night, when the toil of the day is done, when the great flaming sun has blinked its last ray across the hot mesa, the tired people lounge outside their box-car homes and listen to the music that comes from miles and miles away. It quiets their quarreling, silences their swearing, and makes the whole world seem good and kind. While the phonograph grinds late into the night, these little children climb up the brakeman's iron ladder on the sides of their houses, spread their blankets upon the roofs, and lie down under the open sky to sleep, thinking how nice it is to be an American. It is the car with the flag at the end of the train that is responsible for much of this; and back of that the big-souled man who says: "Wages are not all we owe in this world."

Am I a Christian?

Answers to that question from three Indian Christians, as found in J. T. Taylor's "I "In the Heart of India" AM a Christian because the love of Christ constrains me. He lived and died for me. He is now my living, personal Saviour. His loving presence is all-sufficient for me. He satisfies all the cravings of my heart. Without Him I find life not to be worth living. I cannot but be a Christian, most unworthy though I am to be called so."

Another testifies: "I do not know how I can live a holy life in this world and be in communion with the Divine, without being a Christian. Since accepting Jesus as my Saviour I have got such a victory over temptations and my sins in which I used to fall so often. The vision of the loving Father through Jesus is so clear that there is perfect peace and joy, and love to help my fellowmen. That's why I am a Christian."

A third says: "I am a Christian because in my own experience I have found a personal Saviour in our Lord Jesus Christ. He is to me not an abstract, philosophic Ideal, nor a mere Historical Person, but a Living Presence, realized in my everyday life, leading and guiding me through the vicissitudes of life, notwithstanding my weaknesses and frailities. I have found Him a ready Helper in all my trials and difficulties, and a loving and sympathizing Friend in my life struggles through this world, giving me assurance that He will be the fulfillment of my hope when this life ends to be resuscitated again in the glory of the resurrection. In communion with Him I have found that peace of mind and spiritual strength which enabled me so far to battle through the indifference and misunderstandings of the world. In the knowledge that I am one of His-a Christian, I have felt that joy and peace which the world had not given me. I am fully convinced that there is nothing in this world which can give that assurance of salvation and divine life that Christianity can give."

Christianity Has Given

TRANSLATED BY REV. OTIS CARY, D.D., OF KYOTO From an editorial in the (Japan) Christian World A N American pastor investigating the spiritual head of all things" [the conditions in our country said to me, book was largely a translation, and prob- "I specially desire to learn what Chris- ably the English of the latter haH of tianity has added to the former civiliza- this quotation was something like "Man tion of Japan, and what it would have is the head of creation"]' This state- come to in the course of natural devel- ment concerning man has now gained opment." The subject thus proposed is general acceptance. If we seek the one interesting not only to an American source of the facts that our laws now Christian, but also deserving considera- recognize the rights of individuals and tion by Japanese believers. Hence I will that everybody now thinks of the soul give the main points of my reply. as immortal and of infinite value, we 1. 11 conception of Kami. [This must look to Christianity and Western Japanese word is the one that has been civilization.

adopted by Christians to designate God. 3. Sound views of the world. In The word may be used in either num- contrast to the Buddhist view which ber.] Christianity has to a very marked looks on the world as only evil, and to degree transformed our conception of the Oriental view of human life which Kami. Formerly we thought of many treats it as a passing jest, an earnest kami who were the deifed forces of na- moral conception of the world has been ture, the spirits of heroes, or the patron introduced by Christianity. English lit- deities of different localities. Although erature has therefore given to the young the philosophy we had received from men of Japan a sane view of life.

China spoke of "The Heavenly Sov- Among our writers there has sometimes ereign," or "Celestial and Terrestrial been a tendency to speak disparagingly Kami," these terms were very indefinite of Western nations, sneering at their in their meaning. Christianity, on the civilization as materialistic and governed other hand, has told us of a Kami who by the worship of wealth; but this only is the Supreme Personality, the Ruler of shows that they have written with in- the Universe. The thought contained in sufficient knowledge.

the English word "God" has wrought a 4. The person of Christ. For more great change in Japanese literature and than a thousand years our people have also in our spoken language, so that worshipped Confucius and Buddha, look- most persons now think of Kami as the ing up to them as the greatest of men.

Lord and Ruler of heaven and earth. At the beginning of mission work in When Japanese now hear such expres- this country Jesus was regarded with sions as "the unseen Kami" or "the Kami disdain. Now, at the very least, he is of heaven and earth," instead of think- thought worthy of a place beside these ing of the Kami as they once did, they two sages as an object of reverence..

spontaneously connect the word with the Probably he is of the three the one conception of Kami as taught by Chris- whose life is being most widely made tianity. known. The personality of Christ is the 2. A conception of humanti:·. The most valuable gift that Christianity has reading-book used by primary schools at brought to Japan.

the beginning of the Meiji era (1868- 5. The Bible. Of the thousands of 1912) contained the sentence, "God is books that have been published in mod- the Ruler of heaven and earth: man is ern Japan, no other has had such con-

tinuous and wide circulation among peo- sociations, temperance societies, moveple of high and low estate as has the ments for abolishing licensed vice, etc. Bible. Christians are not the only ones Christiani ty has not only been active in that love to read it. It has attained a introducing new thoughts and in giving wide circulation. Its value as literature spiritual consolation, but by initiating and jts influence on other literature can- and energetically conducting philannot be measured. The Bible must be thropic enterprises it has set such an exincluded among the great gifts that ample that other religious and non-re- Christianity has brought to Japan. ligious bodies have become its imitators.

6. The home. It is Christianity that 9. The Sabbath. Early in the Meiji has brought us the conception of a pure period the government offices and some home founded on the union of one man other public institutions put aside the with one woman. The missionaries have former system of holidays and made in this matter given us excellent object Sunday a rest day. Though this was lessons. Confucianism, Buddhism, and not done from religious motives, it was our native Bushido did not teach the sa- an unconscious adoption of an important credness of the marriage relation, or pre- Christian institution. From our point sent monogamy as its ideal. They failed of view the use made of this holiday is to make these principles fundamental in unsatisfactory, yet it cannot be denied family and national life. that it is bringing great benefits to many people. It need not be added that 7. Ele'vation of woman. When the meetings held on Sundays in the Christianity came to Japan, it put forth churches are of spiritual advantage. efforts to raise woman's position and to encourage her in taking an active part in 10. The influence on other religions. society. Oriental ethics and religion had Christianity has been a spur to the old a tendency to look on women as inferior religions and has aroused them to activbeings and to treat them tyrannically. ity. The many signs of life lately dis- Although Japan in ancient times often played by Buddhist and Shinto sects saw women taking a prominent part in that had fallen into a state of decay canaffairs, it is evident that the influ- not all be referred to a single cause, but ences of Buddhism and Confucianism the' chief one is the spread of Christianwere against this. When Christian mis- ity. Buddhists are to be congratulated sionaries came, they opened schools for on their success in imitating Christian girls, and we owe it chiefly to Christian- movements. They have founded schools ity that we now have women's societies, for the education of the priests and the women's temperance unions, young wom- laity. They have established women's en's associations, and other social or- societies, young men's associations, charganizations of a similar nature. itable institutions, and Sunday-schools. Something in the same line is seen in S. Philanthropy. Christianity has Shinto. It is evident that in addition to originated many social movements in what Christianity has done directly for Japan. It is true that long ago Bud- Japanese society, its indirect benefits are dhism engaged in some works of char- many. ity, but afterwards these degenerated into mere ceremonies that were chiefly 4for the benefit of the dead. Shinto did nothing worthy of mention in the way In the letter accompanying his transof charity. On the other hand, even lation of this very interesting statement when Christians were few in number, Dr. Cary says: they founded orphanages, homes for discharged prisoners, and working girls' "Perhaps this article is a little too ophomes. They have been the leaders in timistic in two points. I hardly think it establishing associations for young men correct to imply that the larger part of and for young women, in the work of the Japanese people think of the God of the Salvation Army, in moral reform as- Christianity when such expressions as 'the unseen Kami' are used, though it may be true of the educated classes.

@~"""""""B"""E""S"~T~""""M''''E''TdiIH-U''O''D''USUti''''@~n

Conducted by BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 Union Avenue, Schenectady, N. Y.

MISSIONARY STORIES OF THE HYMNS This month we present a group of the cause of missions. It has been transmissionary stories of well-known hymns lated into many tongues and is known and suggest the following ways of using and loved around the world. Its authem: thor, Professor J. H. Gilmore of Roch- 1. Missionary Song Services. An entire meeting may be devoted with pleas- ester, N. Y., has given a daughter, Mrs. ure and profit to a Missionary Song Ruth Gilmore Hattersley, and a son, Service in which a number of hymns are Professor David Gilmore of Rangoon sung and their stories told. This plan Baptist College, to missionary work in may also be used for the Sunday evening Burma; and it has the distinction, unique church service. The stories may all be among hymns, of having had added to told by one person (the leader), or they it a missionary postscript after it had may be given by a number of different been singing its way around the world persons. The singing may be entirely for fi fty years. congregational or a few hymns may be sung as solos or quartets. In its simple In response to our request for inforform a Missionary Song Service may be mation in regard to the hymn and its arranged for on very short notice, which postscript, Professor Gilmore has sent us makes it available for an emergency pro- the following letter. Though not pregram, i.e., a program that must be hast- pared for publication, we take the liberty ily put together because of some failure. of printing it entire, believing that it will be of great interest just now. 2. A Hymn a Month. In the Sundayschool, Young People's Society or the "The hymn, 'He leadeth me,' was Woman's Missionary Society, one hymn written in 1862 in the very darkest pewith its story might be given each month riod of our Civil War. I was supplying for a year. This plan is being used by the pulpit of the First Baptist Church in a Woman's Missionary Society in Sche- Philadelphia for a few Sundays, and was nectady this year. expected to give a somewhat extended talk at the mid-week service. I began 3. A Hymn a Year. Some missionary to give an exposition of the Twenty- third Psalm which I had given elsewhere societies select a hymn for the year and two .or three times before. But that have it sung at each meeting. If one is night I did not get farther than the selected with a strong missionary story, words, 'He leadeth me.' I saw a depth it will make it more interesting and ef- of meaning in those words that I had fective. never seen before. I felt then, as I feel now when this terrible war is being 4. A Topic for a Paper. A paper or waged in Europe, that it made no difaddress, giving the missionary stories of ference where we were led, if we were a number of hymns, together with some only sure that God was leading us. account of the use and value of music on the mission field, will be found prof- "After the meeting broke up, a few of . itable for any missionary program. us went into the house of Deacon Watt- son next door to the church, where I A Hymn with a Missionary Postscript was stopping, and we kept on talking about the blessedness of being confident The hymn, "He leadeth me," has of Divine leadership. much to commend it to those who love

"While the good peworpol~ee talked I took THE MISSIONARY POSTSCRIPT out my pencil and 'He 'leadeth 1. J:e-vs~usb, oo~utro Saviour and our Lord me,' just as it stands today with one ex- Him with glad accord: ception. I made it a hymn of six-lined ,T!s HIS to point us out the way; stanzas.. lVly wife sent it to The' TIS ours to follow and obey.

Watchman and Ref/ector. Mr. Brad- Refrain bury saw it and added the two lines, He leadeth me, He leadeth mm~e ' 'His faithful follower I would be, By His own hand He leadeth For by His hand He leadeth me.' me: His faithful follower I would be'

For by His hand He leadeth "About the postscript. It was not 2. !fe. leads ~s on to foreign lands, written on the fiftieth anniversary of the hymn, as has been stated. But some- Mid Arctic snows, o'er tropic sands' thing did happen on that fiftieth anni- And we, obedient to His will, '

Still follow where He leadeth still.

versary which I like to associate with the 3. Obeying His divine command hymn. As I have said, the hymn was Sustained by His Almighty H;nd written in 1862; in 1912, just fifty 'Tis ours to usher in that day, ' years later, my daughter Ruth married When all the world shall own His sway.

the Rev. Linn W. Hattersley and sailed "He Leadeth Me" in Armenia for Burma to devote her life to foreign A touching illustration of the power of the hymn, "He leadeth me" to help missions. those who are passing through sorrow and trial, has recently come from Ar- "Naturally I was feeling deeply in- menia. It is told as follows in a letter from a young woman missionary of the terested in foreign missions at that sthimape~ American Board in Turkey: and the postscript may have taken "Miss – – and I saw the departure then, though I think it was a little later. of hundreds of Armenians into hopeless exile. It was heartbreaking and too aw- In 1914 the one hundredth anniversary ful even to imagine. Yet we praise God that we were permitted to see the Chrisof Adoniram Judson's entrance on his tian faith and humility manifested by so many. There may have been examples work in Burma was celebrated in Bos- of cursing against God and utter loss of faith, but we did not personally come in ton, and my son, Doctor David C. Gil- contact with them.

more, who has been a missionary to ."How often did we pray together With tho;:e about to go, and with tears Burma for more than a quarter of a streaming down our faces beseech God to keep our faith sure! How often did century, was to be one of the speakers. ?Ien and women clasp our hands at part- lUg and say, 'Let God's will be done; I gave him some copies of the Mission- we have no other hope !'

ary Postscript, thinking they might be "Effendi – – , the Protestant preach- er, ~ame t? our compound the morning useful, and a lady who was present at of hiS leavmg and asked that we might all have worship to~ether with the girls the Judson Centennial has told me how and teachers. His young wife, who was about to become a mother,· was left to greatly the missionaries enjoyed singing our care. Whether they will ever be re- united I do not know. With entire ':Y the new verses of the old familiar hymn. ou will be warranted, I think, in saymg that the Missionary Postscript to 'He l~adeth me' was inspired by the con- secratlOn of Professor Gilmore's daugh- ter to foreign missionary work just £ifty years after her father wrote the hymn and that it was first sung at the Judson Centennial in Boston, 1914.

"I might add in closing that some have objected to 'He leadeth me' on the ground that 'there is no Christ in it.'

It was partly to counteract that objec- tion that I wrote, 'Jesus, our Saviour and our Lord calm he read from God's Word and We bow to Thee with glad accord:''' prayed for God's protection for us all

METHODS

who were left behind.• At the close he gether in pairs are called Mivady, i.e., asked that the girls sing 'He leadeth mated, matched, married-literally hus- me. ' " band and wife. Thus a pair of gloves are mivady,' so are a pair of socks or The Master Missionary Hymn boots or shoes. The same idea is ap- Doctor Augustus C. Thompson, the plied by our people tv a hymn and its eminent author of "Moravian Missions," tune. The hymn is regarded as the husdeclares that "From Greenland's icy band and the tune as its vady (wife). mountains . . . they call us to deliver," Every hymn must have its own tune and is a mere poetic myth, for there are no our people will not allow them to be sepliving creatures on those icy heights to arated-'divorced,' as they call it. It call. And Dan Crawford, suffering seems that they had married the tune from thirst in the heart of the Dark 'Missionary' to another English hymn, Continent, with nothing to drink but and felt that it would be improper to "filthy green stuff," thinks it would be a separate this harmonious husband and great improvement if "Africa's sunf).y wife! And they demanded consistency fountains" rolled down water instead of on my part. "golden sands!" Nevertheless, notwithstanding the critiCS, "From Greenland's " 'You often tell us,' they said, 'that Icy Mountains" continues to be, as it has divorcing is wrong. Yet here you yourbeen for nearly one hundred years, the self want to divorce these united ones.' master missionary hymn. " 'But that is absurd,' I said. 'The The hymn was written in 1819 by hymn suffers nothing by the separation, Bishop Heber, then a young English rec- nor does the tune. ()ver on the other tor, but not until 1823 was a suitable side of the ocean we use one tune to a musical mate found for it. Then Low- dozen hymns and one hymn to a dozen ell Mason, a young composer of Savan- different tunes.' nah, Ga., set it to the tune "Missionary," to which it is now sung every- " 'You white people may do as you where-except in Central Madagascar! please,' they answered, 'but we don't like The story of why it is sung to a differ- such doings. We regard it as altogether ent tune there will be much enjoyed by wrong.' those who object to having their favorite hymns set to new music. It is told " 'Well,' I said, 'I don't want to force in "Thirty Years in l1adagascar" by the you to do what you think is wrong. But Rev. T. T. Matthews as follows: I did. want.to,sing this hymn at the openmg servICes. " 'So you can, sir,' they replied. 'Just seek another vady for it.' "'But where could I get a tune for "There was a new missionary hymn in it r I asked. 'I'm afraid I don't know use in the capital, a free- adaptatiun of enough about music to set a hymn to a 'From Greenland's Icy Mountains,' and tune even if I found one.' I wanted it sung at the opening of our "'If you set yourself to it, sir, you new church at Fihaonana. So I told my could manage somehow,' they replied. people that I wanted them to learn it, "I tried some of the old Scotch psalmand at one of our singing classes I start- tunes in vain. They would not fit. But ed off singing it to its tune, 'Missionary.' on Friday afternoon, while preparing for But no one joined in. "I stopped and asked, 'Why do you mthiendBaiblteuncelatshs~t there flashed into my I had heard in Edin- not join in the singing?' burgh eight years before. It sounded as "They answered, 'That won't do, sir.' though it might be a suitable vady for " 'Why not?' I asked. the hymn. I tried the two together, and "'Sir,' they said,. 'that can't be the the 'marriage likeness' was so clear I proper tune, for it is the vady (wife) proclaimed the banns and united them of another hymn.' then and there. In the afternoon I "In Madagascar all things that go to- sang the hymn set to the new tune.

" 'That's it, sir,' they said. 'We knew on the river for its last one hundred you could find a vady for it if you only miles. set your wits to work.' It was the first steamer ever launched "It satisfied them perfectly, and at the on an African lake, and many had proopening service they sang it with great phesied that it would never reach its heartiness." destination. But at length, on October 12, 1875, just as the sun was rising, the Livingstone's Favorite Hymn little vessel steamed out of the river into the broad waters of the lake, the entire "When we know the favorite hYlllln journey having been accomplished withof a man," says William T. Stead, "we out hurt or mishap. It was an auspihave gained a glimpse of his inner life." cious moment which is thus described by Doctor Wells in his life of "Stewart of This was certainly true in the case of Lovedale": David Livingstone, whose favorite hymn was "0 God of Bethel, by Whose "The entrance of this little steamer Hand." It cheered him greatly during into the sealike lake was the birth-hour the privations and sufferings of his long of a great era in the history of Central journey through Africa, and it was sung Africa. Five slave dhows were then on at the great service in Westminster Ab- the lake, and one of them lowered its bey when his body was finally laid to flag to the British flag flying at the mastrest on April 18, 1874. head of the Ilala. As the bell of the mission steamer rang out, it sounded the Whoever will take the trouble to care- death-knell of African slavery. The fully study this hymn will certainly gain sight and sound filled the Arabs with a new insight into the inner life of the consternation, for they knew that their great "hunter of paths who walked 27,- slaving days would soon be over. 000 miles as the white man counts distance." "'God speed you,' Mr. Young said reverently, as the little craft entered the Through each perplexing path of life, lake. Our wandering footsteps guide; " 'Amen!' his mates responded. Give us each day our daily bread, "Then the steam was shut off, the en- And raiment fit provide. gines ceased to throb, and a hushed si- lence fell upon. the little party. They o spread Thy covering wings around assembled on deck and engaged in divine worship. With awed and rejoicing Till all our wanderings cease, hearts they sang the metrical version of And at our Father's loved abode the Hundredth Psalm, so dear to Scotch- Our souls arrive in peace. nen everywhere: When "The Ilala" was Launched 'All people that on earth do dwell, Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice. In May, 1875, when a party of Scotchmen, led by Mr. E. D. Young, of Him serve with mirth, His praise forth tell, the Roval N avv, started for Africa to Come ye before Him and rejoice.''' found the Livi~gstonia Mission in Nyasaland, they took with them the !lala, Consecrating "The Church in the Slave a little steamer named for the village in which Livingstone died. Market"

It was to be used on Lake Nyasa, 450 Three hymns, all favorites throughout miles inland up the Zambesi and Shire Christendom, are associated with the rivers, and it was no small task to get it consecration of Christ Church, Zanzibar, there. At the great Murchison Rapids the famous "Church in the Slave Marin the Upper Shire it had to be taken ket," erected by the Universities Misapart and carried 60 miles on the backs sion to Central Africa. of 1,000 natives along a roadless mountain track through long grass and thorny On June 6, 1873, one month after the thickets under a tropical sun. Then it death of Livingstone at Ilala (who shall was bolted together again and launched say it was not in answer to his dying

METHODS

prayers?) a treaty was signed between Congo missionary and explorer, was Great Britain and the Sultan of Zanzi- greatly cheered by hearing it sung by bar which closed the great open slave some native school boys on a canoe in market at Zanzibar at once and forever. the river. Many things had combined to The notorious shambles, where for gen- depress him-especially the long and tryerations men and women had been ing delays that prevented his establishbought and sold like cattle, stood empty ing a new station farther inland-and to and deserted, and the Rev. Arthur N. use his own words, he had had one of West, a wealthy young clergyman who the longest and biggest fits of "the had come out as a missionary, suggested blues" in his experience. How the that a Christian church be built on the hymn helped is told in a letter written site. Early in September he bought as on board the little mission steamer, much of the ground as could be pur- Peace, under date of October '1, 1905. chased and the church was begun short- We reprint it from Grenfell's biography ly after. By Christmas the foundation by Hawker. stone was ready to be put into place, and a notable service was held. After the "I have not been under the clouds all stone was laid, prayer ·was offered, and the time, for bright gleams have broken "Jerusalem the Golden," Bernard of through again and again; had it not been Cluny's much-loved hymn, was sung. so I must have given up in despair. I As the words rang out, consecrating to shall never forget one evening, a few the service of God the place that, less we~ks ago, as we were looking for a than six months earlier, had been a cita- good camping-place among the reed-covdel of Satan, many hearts were filled ered sand banks. There. was a threatenwith rejoicing. There were many diffi- ing sunset and we sought a shelter from culties connected with the erection of what promised to be the stormy quarthe building, but with Doctor Steere (af- ter. terwards Bishop) as master-builder, the massive structure slowly reared its walls, "Suddenly we heard strike up 'All successive Christmas days marking hail the power of Jesus' name,' from on epochs in its progress. board a big fishing canoe among the reeds. We had not noticed it, but the At length, on Christmas, 1879, the crew had recognized the Peace, and gave church was completed with the exception us what to me was a glorious welcome of the altar, which now stands on the that will long remain a blessed memory! exact site of the old whipping-post, and We anchored right there, and found that a great opening service was held. It the boys on board this canoe and several was attended by all the Europeans in others (they sleep out in these canoes the island and a great crowd of natives for weeks together at the fishing season) in festive attire. The hymns, "Hark, had brought their lesson books with the Herald Angels Sing" and "While them, and were 'keeping school' in the Shepherds Watched Their Flocks," were fishing fleet, and teaching the hymns they sung in Swahili, and one of the strange had learned ashore to their comrades sights of the day was the groups of afloat. Whose heart could not be moved Arabs who had so often bargained for to hear 'Crown Him Lord of All' under slaves on this spot, standing in the such circumstances? ante-chapel listening to the singing. "It was just about this same place A Floating School that, twenty-one years ago, we first came into view of the burning villages in the "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name," Arab slave-raid of 1884. I little thought said to be one of the ten hymns most then to live to see so blessed a change, used in English-speaking lands, is sung and my heart went forth in praise! in almost every mission field where the God's Kingdom is surely coming; day by name of Christ is known and loved. day the progress is not very apparent, At one time George Grenfell, the but to me there is no fact more certain in the whole realm of Truth. The as-

tounding thing about it is that God IS Christ in the public street, and it was able to make use of such poor tools!" only a few months since he himself had A Hymn for the Orient first heard the Gospel. As he heard the vile and scornful words of his old com- "Rock of Ages," regarded by many as rades, he was silent and hung down his the finest hymn in the language, is espe- head. Immediately I read the first verse cially significant throughout the Orient of a hymn and we sang it together. It where the followers of Buddha and the was the old Scotch paraphrase that has devotees of Hinduism are willing to per- so often put iron into the blood and form any task, no matter how difficult courage into the hearts of trembling or repulsive, in the hope of making merit saints: and escaping the pain and sorrow of 'I'm not asharr.ed to own my Lord, countless reincarnations of the soul. Or to defend His cause; Mrs. Lucy S. Bainbridge, who with Maintain the glory of His cross, her husband made a tour of the world And honor all His laws.'

studying Christian missions many years "It was enough. A Hoa raised his ago, tells of seeing a woman who, to head and never again was he 'ashamed.' make merit, dug with he.. own hands a Looking out over that angry mob, he well 2S feet deep and from 10 to 15 said, in the calm, clear tones of a man feet across. Not until long after it was who believes and is unafraid, 'I am a completed did she learn of free salva- Christian. I worship the true God. I tion through Christ. cannot worship idols that rats can des- troy. I am not afraid. I love Jesus. When Mrs. Bainbridge saw her she He is my Saviour and my Friend.' was an old woman past eighty, but she stretched forth the old, crippled hands "His testimony was brief, but it was that had performed such incredible labor brave and true. It is easy for a young in a vain endeavor to save her soul, and man now to take his stand for Christ; sang with her visitor, there are other converts to cheer and "Nothing in my hands I bring, encourage him. But it was different Simply to Thy cross I cling." then. The word uttered by A Hoa to The Testing of a Hoa that crowd of rough and bitter heathen before the idol temple in Kelung was ''I'm Not Ashamed to Own My the first ever spoken for Christ to that Lord" was used by Mackay of Formosa generation by a native Christian In to strengthen the faith of A Hoa, his North Formosa, and he was enabled to first convert. He was proving an effi- do it through the hymn we sang."

cient helper, but was early learning that Sooboonagam's Hymn the path of service, blessed as it is, is sometimes strewn wi th thorns. Doctor At her baptism, Sooboonagam Arumal, Mackay was preaching for the first time a high-caste Hindu convert of the Ze- at Kelung, a heathen city in North For- nana Mission of the Methodist Church mosa, and was surrounded by a mob of at Madras, sang the hymn, "Jesus, I my angry idolators. Among them were cross have taken," in a manner that so:ne of A Hoa's old associates and their touched every heart.

hatred for the missionary was only ex- Sooboonagam was the daughter of a ceeded by their contempt for his con- learned and influential Brahman of the vert. It was a trying moment for A strictest sort, and had been reared in se- Hoa. How the hymn helped him is told clusion in a home of wealth and refine- as follows by Mackay in "From Far ment. She was the youngest and most Formosa." petted child of the home, and all that "I turned to A Hoa and asked him to money could buy or love could devise address the people. It was a moment of had been lavished upon her. She was testing. Never before had he spoken for clothed in the richest silk, and her jew-

METHODS

els were rare and costly. At the same Chao-ch'eng in the province of Shansi. time she had been, from early childhood, unusually devout in her worship of the Here he did a great work, praying for gods and there was no idolatrous cere- mony into which she had not entered the patients (often with fasting) and with zest. caring for them night and day _with a Nevertheless, when she learned of Christ through the zenana workers, she tenderness and love akin to a mother's. gave herself wholly to Him. She soon found that she could not serve Him in In the summer of 1894, while travel- her home-the opposition was so bitter. So she decided to forsake all-home, ing through Shansi, a party of mission- friends, high rank, wealth, costly jewels, even the mother she loved so well-and aries, including Mrs. Howard Taylor, cast in her lot with the missionaries. On Christmas night, 1895, this timid, stopped at Chao-ch'eng to visit the ·Refsheltered girl crept out into the streets alone and, under the cover of the dark- uge. One evening at twilight a number ness, made her way to the headquarters of the Methodist Mission. Five weeks of Christians gathered in and told about later, though her relatives made str~nu­ ous efforts to win her back, she publicly the work and their beloved Pastor Song. confessed her faith in Christ and received baptism. At the close of the serv- One of the visitors asked if the patients ice she sang, at her own wish, the words so expressive of her feelings that they suffered much, which brought out the seemed written especially for her: following story of the hymn; "Jesus, I my cross have taken, "Oh, yes," exclaimed many., voices. All to leave and follow Thee; Destitute, despised, forsaken, "They suffer terribly at time$. Often Thou, from hence, my all shall be." the Pastor is up six and eight times in Saving An Opium Smoker the night. Some of the men in their an- In "Pastor Hsi, One of China's Chris- guish almost give way; others become so tians," Mrs. Howard Taylor tells how "Jesus loves me," the children's hymn, exhausted that it seems as if they must was the means of saving an opium smoker. die. At times we have thought that they were dead. In their extremity t~e Pas- Through his Opium Refuges, Pastor Hsi was the means of saving hundreds of tor never leaves them. He thinks nothmen enslaved through the opium habit and transforming them into sincere and ing of being up all night with them if earnest Christians. The men placed at the head of these Refuges were, for the necessary, praying with them, prep.aring most part, those who had themselves been saved by this means. One of food and medicine, and as they get betthese, Pastor Song, had been a confirmed opium smoker for whom there had ter, singing and comforting their hearts." seemed no hope of deliverance. But he was saved through the power of God, "Oh, that singing, how well I rememand gradually worked his way up until Hsi made him manager of the Refuge at ber it!" put in old Deacon Lee, once an opium slave, but now a. church officer.

"The only hymn that used to comfort me was '}e-su ai 0.' He ml)st have sung it to me a hundred times-'Jesus loves me, this I know.' "

Just a rough, weather-beaten old Chinaman was Deacon Lee, his face and neck one unbroken succession of wrin- kles, his back bent, his queue reduced to a few gray hairs. But such a spirit in him; such glowing love for Jesus! He had been a desperate character before Song found him and led him to the "Sa- viour. .

"It was the singing that did h," he said.

Even as old Lee spoke, Pastor Song softly started the dear old hymn, and soon the rest all joined in. It seems' to be the Pastor's habit to fill up aU the in- tervals of life with singing, which no doubt partly explains his cheerr bright- ness and power to help.

Welcoming a New Hymn in Japan land; and "In the secret of His pres- ence," by Ellen Lakshmi Goreh, a Mah- Doctor Samuel Robbins Brown one ratta Brahman of the highest caste who became, after her conversion, a missionof the great pioneers to Japan, had a ary to Hindu women. This last is a universal favorite and IS especially lifelong passion for music. His tune, adapted for use as a solo.

"Monson," was composed especially for Another native hymn, that should have a place in our hymnals, is "Take my his mother's hymn, "I love to steal a heart for Thine, Jehovah," by the Rev. J osepn Andrianaivoravelona, pastor of while away," and he constantly made use the "Church of the Rock," Madagascar, and a famous writer of hymns which of his talent to further his work. In his were sung all over the island. This man, called "The Spurgeon of Madagascar" biography; "A Maker of the New Ori- on account of his eloquence, knew what it was to suffer for Christ. He had enent," his fellow-missionary, William El- dured bitter persecution under Ranava- lana I., and in February, 1897, when liot Griffis, relates the following incident Ranavalona III. was deposed by the French, he with many other Protestants which shows how much pleasure he was shared her exile on the island of Re- union. Five months later, on Sunday, able to give through his music in Japan: August 1, he died suddenly soon after rising in the morning. The hymn was "Music made up a large part of Rob- written during his imprisonment shortly before his death. It may be sung to any bins' life as boy, student, teI archeemr~mbanedr tune in 8, 7, 8, 7, 4, 7 metre-Oliphant, missionary. How often do Sicilian Melody, or Zion.

him in Japan, with his rich tenor voice TAKE MY HEART FOR THINE, JEHOVAH lifting up delightful mng. Take my heart for Thine, Jehovah, "Once in Tokio, at the house of Doc- o my Father and my God; tor Veeder of the Imperial University, Dwell within my heart forever, Of that house he always Lord. when we were all around the piano, o my Father, Mrs. Veeder laid upon the rack a fresh Let it be Thy dwelling now. sheet of music, just received from the TaokemmyyShaveiaorut rfoarndThminye.Lo0rdJ;esus, United States. Doctor Brown proceed- 'Tis my heart instead of riches ed to read off the notes and sing while Now I offer unto Thee.

she played. The first verses were pleas- o receive it ant, the last two or three were entranc- As a willing sacrifice.

ing. It was the now well-known hymn Take my heart for Thine, 0 Spirit, Holy Ghost from God sent down; and tune, 'Tell me the Old, Old Story.' And this heart of mine enlighten, Delighted and thankful, we poured out Cleanse it for Thy temple throne.

our congratulations. o now take it, "'Is it one of your old favorites?' I Consecrate it for Thine own.

asked, not knowing its age. I will never close my heart, Lord, But will open it to Thee; "'I never saw it before,' he replied. To this heart of mine now enter 'This is the first time I have ever sung Reign without a rival here. Yes, my Master, it. But it's a good one, isn't it l' " Three in One and One in Three.

Hymns by Native Christians Many notable writers of hymns have been developed among the so-called native Christians on the mission field, and the Church, both at home and abroad, has been enriched by their deeply spiritual productions.

Many of these hymns have been written to accompany native airs and are too essentially Oriental for Occidental use. But three, at least, have already found a place in our hymnals-"O thou my soul, forget no more," by Krishna Pal, Carey's first convert; "Awaked by Sinai's awful sound," by Samson Occum, the famous Indian preacher of New Eng-

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MISS E. B. VERMILYE AND MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN HOME MISSION WEEK that will really bring our nation to its knees before God. In observing Home T HE Home Missions Council and Mission Week some feeling of the sol- the Council of Women for Home emnity of the times should be conveyed Missions have decided to participate in so that in a real spirit of humility and the observance of a week set apart and seriousness our people may enter upon consecrated to the prayerful considera- the observance of this week, for God, tion of Home Missions in its nation- America and Humanity." wide phases. The theme adopted is: "America for Humanity-a Challenge The Council of Women has also defor Service"-a topic so peculiarly in cided to hold its Day of Prayer for line with the needs of the hour. Home Missions, usually called in Feb- ruary, during this week, in order to cen- The Council of Women offers the ter interest on this period. It will be following suggestions for use in prayer observed November 22, and the program meetings, Women's Missionary Societies issued in the early iall will be in line and Bible Schools: with the topic for the week.

"That each denomination be asked to It is earnestly hoped that at this time prepare material best suited to the needs of national peril and world catastrophe of its own work, but that the Councils this week will be observed more widely would suggest emphasizing all forms of than ever before. Every women's re- Americanization effort such as schools ligious organization should plan to parfor aliens, special courses for patriotism, ticipate in this great national observance, civics, and English, and that patriotic that the imperativ,e needs of our nation programs and celebrations be used as from the Christian viewpoint may remuch as possible especially with a view ceive the impression and expression to influencing the children. It might be which the peculiar opportunities and dehelpful if the churches could use their mands of this solemn time deserve. combined influence in their respective towns to bring about special patriotic Current Topics in Home Missions celebration during Home Mission Week which should have a Christian signifi- A merican Indian Fields cance. It has been suggested that it might be well to have at least one serv- The evangelical churches are united in ice which will be deeply spiritual with the Home Missions Council for a forthe thought of humiliation, penitence and ward move in Indian missions. New staprayer for guidance in meeting the tre- tions have been established by several mendous national problems facing us in denominations in California, Wyoming, 1917-18. The regular Thanksgiving Arizona, and other states, and the pupils service would appear the logical time for of the Government schools have been this, and it might be possible for the more adequately provided with religious Councils to prepare a statement to be instruction and pastoral care. sent to the Governors of the various states urging the incorporation of such One-half of the Indians of the United an idea in their Thanksgiving Proclama- States are still unclaimed by any church tions. As many know who have near as communicants or adherents. relatives at the front, young men are going out to face things worse than suffo- In the State of California almost cating gases and the destruction of bombs 20,000 Indians are widely scatteredand bullets, and somehow we should try fourteen thousand of these in the central to bring a solemnizing influence to bear and northern part of the state are in 257 bands located in 36 counties. Here the greatest religious destitution is found, not more than 2,000 of these Indians being

adherents of any church. Perhaps as While stopping there over night upon many more have had some instruction in a recent trip through the mountains, rep- the Christian faith. This leaves 10,000 resentatives of the Board were greeted who are neglected, for whom the influ- in the little one-roomed school house by ences of the Church and its ordinances practically the whole community, who have not been provided. were pathetically eager in their appeal to The Indian population of the United the Board to "do somethin' to help us."

States, exclusive of Alaska, is 335,753 The new work will be of the type of according to the last report of the Com- rural settlement with, for the first year, missioner of Indian Affairs. a head worker who is already on the Of 1,893 marriages reported in the field, and associated with her a trained statistics of the Government for last year, nurse and director of religious work.

494 were by tribal custom, and 1,395 by It is not the intention of the Board proper legal procedure. The death rate to establish another school, but to co- per thousand of Indian population was operate with the local authorities in re- 23'33, and the birth rate 31.85. building the present public school, in The long-suffering Pimas of the Ari- selecting teachers and in making it a zona desert are having their irrigation model of its kind for that section of the rights more adequately protected, and re- mountains. It had been called graded, cent legislation provides for the construc- as the room was divided in the center by tion 'of a dam on the Gila River, as also a curtain, on each side of which classes the .determining by the Secretary of the were conducted.

Interior Of the rights and priorities of The nearest doctor is 12 miles away, the larids occupied by these Indians for his patients paying a dollar for each mile generations. he travels on his way to see them.

A great opportunity is presented to The only religious influence in the Christian leaders to call the attention of community was a service held once every Christian men and women to the need two weeks by the pastor from Hyden, the through the Civil Service for additional adjacent county seat.

workers on the Government Indian fields. Wooten's Creek is only one of many The American Indian race is slowly mountain communities which are bebut surely coming into the light and lib- seeching the Board for work of this erty of Christian faith and civilization. kind.

Pa.ganism is on its last legs, and the Lumbermen and Miners-recent efyounger generation of educated Indians forts by Congregational miSSIOnaries has no further use for its rites and cere- among lumbermen in Washington. monies, except here and there in the observances of outward forms and tradi- There are several thousand men worktional customs. This is the opportunity ing in the forests of Washington, about of the Church and its missionaries to in- 50 per cent. of whom are Scandinavians. culcate the teachings of Christianitv in Dressed as real lumbermen, carrying our the whole race of red men. In spiritual, bed and necessary luggage on our backs, social and industrial advances the Indians we visited five camps in Snohomish and have moved slowly, but during the last Kings counties. We were well received decade this rate of progress has heen ac- in all of the camps but one. At five-thirty celerated. A new spirit is manifest in the men came to the camp from their Indian affairs. working places. After supper a meeting was announced and the service began by In Kentucky ringing the bell, the guitar serving that purpose. Preaching was in English and An interesting community work has Swedish-the latter greatly enjoyed by recently' been undertaken by the Wo- the Scandinavians. At some of the camps man's Board of the Presbyterian Church the service could hardly be brought to a in .Wooten's Creek, Kentucky. close as the men wanted to keep on sing-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

ing. There are all kinds of men among others rent better houses, and a few of the lumbermen, educated and unedu- the old houses are rented by the foreign cated, young and old, men with good element. When the Welsh and English characters and men who are low down, came to Pennsylvania some seventy-five those who are Christian and those who or more years ago, they brought their reare not. Therefore the missionary who ligious customs with them. One of the goes to them with a heart to heart gospel first things they did was to organize Sunshall receive blessings and be a blessing. day-schools, prayer meetings and preach- ing services. They stood in no need of Lumber Camps of Minnesota evangelists inasmuch as they were zeal-· ous Christians. The large number of peo- One cannot travel about northern ple who have come to this state in recent years have materially changed conditions Minnesota without seeing the wonderful in the coal fields. In truth, the district has become a mission field, and as we find transformation in aU stages of its prog- openings we offer to these people such as we have. ress. There is still lumbering in the FINDING HER LOST TREASURES state, but the days when Minnesota was She caUeth her friends and her neigha veritable Eldorado to the lumberman bors together, sdying, "Rejoice with are passing. But the lumber camps are mer"

by no means a thing of the past, and the A quadri-centennial service of glad rejoicing at the Church's recovery of her lumberjack, one of the most picturesque valued lost silver pieces (Luke xv: 8-9), in the Reformation Era. Celebrating the figures of northern Minnesota is still in four hundredth anniversary of the begin- ning of Protestantism, October 31, 1517. existence. He makes a bright and attrac- Compiled by Mrs. Charles L. Fry.

tive figure on the background of the pine Order of Service forest, and he is not only interesting to Opening Hymn: "The Church's One Foundation." see but to hear, for like nature he speaks Prayer. a various language. He has faults and The Scripture Lesson-Isaiah LV. The Apostles' Creed. they are grievous ones, but he is as a rule Hymn: "Glorious Things of Thee kind hearted and generous. It is be- Are Spoken."

cause of his environment, as well as his Foreword: human need, that a religious and broth- Our Lord once told the story of a erly interest has been taken 'in the lu~­ woman who was so distressed by having lost one of her precious silver pieces, that berjack. It has not been easy to furmsh she lit the candle, and swept the house, and spared no pains to find it. When lumber camps with religious services be- at last it was found her gladness was so exultant that she could not contain it. cause of their remoteness; Congregation- She had to tell all her frien:ls and neigh- bors, exclaiming with radiant face, "Real work has been largely confined to the joice with me! for I have found the treasure which I had lost!" villages and towns along the railroads If there be joy in heaven over the rewhere the greatest number of peo- ple could be reached, but in many in- stances, and wherever opportunity has of- fered and conditions have made it pos- csiabmle~s missionaries are visiting a remote in Minnesota and finding hearty welcome and respectful hearing.

The Anthracite Miner During the pioneer period in mining the operators provided rough homes for their workmen. There are only a few of these remaining now. English-speak.- ing people, including Welsh and English, Scotch and Irish, occupied such homes forty or fifty years ago, but a large percentage of them now own their homes,

covery of one lost sinner, what must 5. The People's Part in Public Wor- have been the joy among the angels of ship.

God, at the Church's recovery in the 6. Schools.

Reformation era, four centuries ago, of 7. An Unmutilated Sacrament.

the lost doctrine on which the salvation 8. Christian Hymns.

of all sinners depends, the precious doc- 9. The Protestant Parsonage.

trine of justification by faith! Since the 10. Civil and Religious Liberty.

woman of the parable was so overjoyed Prayer-closing with the Lord's Prayer. at her finding one lost silver piece, what Offerings and Anthem. tenfold greater gladness would have The Battle Hymn of the Reformation: filled her soul to have found the whole ten of her treasures if she had lost all "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God."

the ten! . (German words and music written by This is an exact picture of the Chris- Dr. Martin Luther in 1529.) tian Church in the Reformation age. Doxology-"Praise God from Whom Will you count, one by one, en the fin- All Blessings Flow."

gers of your two hands the ten jewels Benediction.

which the Church had lost, and which she found again by the lighting of the A Significant Action candle and the sweeping of the house? The clerk of the Presbytery of Brook- And as you name them, remember that lyn, New York, sends the following reswithout a single exception, each is today olutions which we most heartily second. the common possession of all Protestants We hope that the Oxford University everywhere. There are some things, Press will explain the matter. The alas! that divide us, but what this Presbytery of Brooklyn, representing quadri-centennial year emphasizes is the eighty-seven ministers and more than blessed fact that after four centuries of 22,000 members, adopted the following history, there are some things that still resolution at the June meeting: unite us, and will unite us until the end of time. Whereas it has come to the knowledgt Listen then as these are now enumer- of the Presbytery of Brooklyn that the Oxated, each by a separate spokesman of its own. And say whether these ten pre- ford University Press is publishing Mormon cious stones more precious than rubies or, literature and putting out the same bound up with the King James Version of the Bible, such editions being entirely undesignated by if you prefer to use another figure, any mark to show that they are published in whether here are ten foundation stones the interests of the Latter Day Saints: that are basis enough for a conjoint celebration by all denominations of the four We do hereby express our sincere regret hundred th anniversary festival. that an organization which has for many years enj oyed the confidence and the pa- tronage of Protestant Christians should ally In this twentieth century let us real- itself with the Mormon Hierarchy, and ize what is the world's mighty debt to the great Reformation, which is being Do protest most earnestly at this evident commemorated in all pa··ts of the world, attempt to palm off Mormon teachings under and may it kindle in our own souls a the guise of Christian literature, and Do warn the members and adherents of our churches to exercise great care in the new appreciation of the immeasurable purchase and distribution of so-called Chrisvalue of the heritage we have received, tian literature, making sure that it is really to be faithfully transmitted from gener- Christian and not truth mutilated or untruth ation to generation. in disguise, and Do urge other Presbyteries and religious 1. The Open Bible. bodies to make like protest, inasmuch as the 2. Justification by Faith. representative of the Oxford Press excuses 3. The Universal Priesthood of all the action of this Press by saying that up to this time no protest against such method of Believers. putting out Mormon literature had been re- 4. The Right of Private Judgment. ceived. although they had been putting it out in this way for several years.

L-~_N_"~_!""_U,'UJ_S_f_~…_._.'UEU5J~_'_"~_IA_HJU_<"KJ_..~_–

JAPAN-CHOSEN ing and Bible instruction, the factory The Temperance Movement in Japan (which is privately owned) providing a A New Testament for each woman. This LTHOUGH Japan is claimed as a new development of the work in Shi- Buddhist land, and although Bud- mada is due partiy to a clause in the dhist doctrine condemns the use of in- preamble of the new Japanese Factory toxicating drinks, for centuries the drink- Law which urges managers and own- ing of sake (liquor made from rice) has ers o'f factories to give opportunities for been practically universal. Other va- moral instruction to all their workers.

rieties of alcoholic drinks are also man- Mr. Mori, being a Christian manager, ufactured. Beer has become a favorite knows that instruction in the Gospel is drink with. many, and large breweries by far the best kind of 'moral instruc- are growing up. The tax on sake has tion' he can provide for those under been one of the largest received from him." any single source, standing usually next to the 'land tax, which is followed by Work for the Next Generation the tobacco tax. R EV. P. K. GATO writes in The With the coming of Christianity to Spirit of Missions: "Shitay.a i~ ~ section well known as the 'poor dlstnct Japan, a temperance movement has ta- of Tokio. The kindergarten of 'The ken firm root. The first society was Love of God' was started with a view started in 1875, by 1898 twenty local to reaching the children who are so sadsocieties had been formed, and by 1915 ly in need. The Japanese proverb, they had increased to 198, with a total 'Many children have the poor,' ,seems of pledged abstainers of about 12,000. especially true of this part of Tokl?, for it is not uncommon to find a family of The temperance campaign is carried six or seven huddled together in a house on by public meetings, exhibits, distribu- not larger than nine feet by twelve, ~nd tion of pertinent literature, and publica- generally it is in the rear ?f other bUIldtion of a magazine. American temper- ings. The children are III many cases ance workers, says Dr. Sidney L. Gu- in a most pitiable condition, due to the lick, might well give, not only their mor- character of their environment. 'The al, but their financial, support to the temperance movement in Japan.

Factory Girls in Shimada Burglar' and 'Pawn-broker' and worse, are among the favorite ga~es for the T HE Rev. R. D. M. Shaw, of Shi- children. The aim of the kmdergarten zuoka, Japan, in the course of a was to save the next generation by resreport to the S. P. G., writes: "Mr. cuing the children of this class. Since it Mori of Shimada has begun a new work began it has reache~ m?re. than four for factory girls. He is in charge of a hundred homes in thiS dlstnct. Many cotton-spinning mill (the first to have homes have been practically refor~ed, been established in Japan), with about and in some cases wonderful converSIOns 100 women and ten or fifteen men working in it. Since December we have and healings have occurred."

had a regular course of mission meet- A Woman Missionary to Formosa ings in the factory hall. On Thursdays T the factory gives the women twenty HE first woman missionary from the Japanese Protestant Episcopal minutes longer for their mid-day rest hour, and they are assembled in a large Church to Formosa is to be sent by the upstairs 'reception room' for hymn-sing- women of the auxiliaries in Japan

proper, who have pledged themselves to "This is God's Word," they found they her support. made the readiest sales by saying in the beginning: "This is the Jesus Doctrine The Chosen Christian Colle.ge Book." One new man had sold out all his first load of books before his month T HE CHOSEN CHRISTIAN was one-third up, and on his way back COLLEGE has received its char- to An Dong, passing through a village ter under the Educational Regulations of he had missed on his way out, the peothe Government General of Chosen. ple said, "Why do you not sell us any This establishes it as a special school of books when you sold lots to the other the college grade working in harmony villages near by?" with the government system and entitled to 'all the privileges of a government A Korean Good Samaritan school. HELPER YI handed a man a leaflet, Among the provisions of the charter are one stating that its object shall be "What is this?" "It is a leaflet on "to establish and maintain this college in accordance with Christian principles," Christianity." "Oh, thank you, thank and another to the effect that "the Managers, Officers, Members of the Facul- you." His effusiveness surprised Yi, but ties and all the Instructors must be believers in and followers of the doctrines the man went on to say: "I never meet contained in the Christian Bible." a Christian but I want to thank him After the death of the late Dr. Horace G. Underwood, founder and first again and again. I was coming home president of the college, Dr. O. R. Avison was elected to the presidency. The drunk from Chungju market place and Board of Managers hopes to be in a position to begin building this fall. Work fell into a ditch full of water. My in the first three years of the course is going on in the rooms of the Seoul clothes became soaked and it was freez- Young Men's Christian Association, about seventy students being in attend- ing weather and worse yet I could not ance. climb out. I would have perished had The Jesus Doctrine Book not a Christian found me and taken me A T a colporteurs' meeting at An Dong, Chosen, report was made of to his house. He gave me a bowl of hot larger sales than usual of Bibles and Bible portions, as the result of the work soup, dried my clothes, let me sleep there of a larger force. At the Korean New Year few of the Koreans work for two that night and sent me home in the weeks; it is easier then for the colporteur to meet them and they have more morning with some good advice." ready money. The average sales reported were over 500 for the month, where- On inquiry it was found that it was as for the whole year they had not been half of that. Kim, a servant of Dr. Cook's who had One colporteur reported that although acted the Good Samaritan in this case. the expert salesman from the Bible Society had told them that in approaching Ten years ago he enjoyed drinking and the people they should first say, "This is a very good book, from the reading of gambling more than anything else, but which you will receive a blessing," or the grace of God came into Kim's heart and life, and has been bearing fruit as this incident shows. '

Widespread Suffering in Chosen T HE nearly half million people who live in Soonchun live all their lives subject to bondage through fear, and are taken captive by Satan at his will. The earth, sky and sea to them is peopled with avenging spirits, and they fear the dead more than the living. Awful phys- ical suffering is caused by their utter ig- norance of all1aws of health, of hygiene, or of the science of medicine. The death rate is fearful among the infants and children surrounded from birth with filth and flies and countless microbes.

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Among all the nearly half million in this they are building the basement, that territory there is only one native doctor when the men were digging the foundawho has any knowledge of the diagnosis tion of the church they found some Boxof sickness or of its proper treatment. er swords. "When we inquired among Quacks there are by the score whose the neighbors, we found that the church medicines are ever potent only to extract yard was occupied by the Boxers in 1900 the desired coin from the purse of poor and from there as headquarters they victims. went out to kill the missionaries and na- tive Christians. One morning it was re- In the City of "Obedience to Heaven" ported that the foreign soldiers had come (Soonchun) there is a modern hospital, and the Boxers dug a hole in the ground built by the Southern Presbyterians of and buried their swords. They have the home land and named in honor of been there for seventeen years, and now Dr. W. H. Forsythe, who literally the gospel message of Peace will be poured out his life here and loved not preached in the very spot where some his life unto the death. After his re- Christians probably testified for the turn to the homeland and years of suf- Master with their last breath." fering, God marvelously raised him up to voice the claims of these suffering Saving the Idol's "Face" millions in Korea and their claim to the healing touch of the Great Physician, as IN the western hills, about fifteen or it is administered by those who follow twenty miles west of. the city of Pein His train.-R. S. COIT. king, are located many once famous and popular Chinese temples, but they are CHINA AND TIBET now fast falling into decay and ruin: The gods are often covered deep with Cooperation with Non-Christians dust, their vestures and the paint upon their faces are dropping away. Few A Methodist missionary in West pilgrims now come and go, for China is China writes concerning his con- fast losing her faith in her gods, and the ferences with non-Christian men con- temples are rented to foreigners, while cerning plans for bringing the Gospel to the gods are pushed back out of the way. their cities in especial evangelistic meet- In one temple, after some foreigners had ings. He says: rented the place, the gods looked so hide- ous that the new occupant suggested to "Temples have been put at our dis- the priest that a paper screen be put up posal and a general willingness mani- to shut the gods out of sight. T'Ilis the fested to help us. At the close of our priest readily consented to provide, if a meeting two brothers asked me if the small hole were made in the paper of the Methodist Church would like to have a screen so that the god should not entirely certain knoll of land in the edge of the "lose face."-REv. ]. HERMAN WYLIE. town. I replied that we should like it very much, but did not know where the Medical Standards in China funds to buy it would come from. They said they were prepared to donate it to T HE joint Conference of the Na~ the church work, and asked for pen and tional Medical Association and the paper that they might write the deed of China Medical Missionary Association transfer then and there. Think of it: discussed the need for a central organithe missionary in consultation with non- zation to regulate the curricula and Christian men in a heathen country as standards of medical schools throughout <to how best to carry out an evangelistic China and oontrol admission to the prac- .campaign in their midst!" tice of Western medicine. The Confer- ence placed itself on record as to the A Reminde)" of Boxer Days value of creating such a central medical council, which should include among its M ETHODIST MISSIONARY duties the following: GEORGE L. DAVIS writes ff{)1JJ Peking of a new church of which

The fixation of a minimum standard Britain. They sell it to, or export it to of general education required of students the order of, middlemen, the destination before entering upon medical studies; being chiefly Japan, whence it is smug- the maintenance of a student register on gled into China. A proportion of the which the names of all who, having com- drug is no doubt used as medicine, and plied with the entrance requirements, as such is an untold blessing. But the have commenced the study of medicine, bulk is intended for the Chinese market, shall be recorded; the fixation of a min- and is known by all concerned to be imum medical curriculum; the supervi- used for vicious purposes there. I t is a sion of examinations; the recognition of lucrative business. In 1915 nearly six hospitals where medical students and tons were shipped to Japan-twa-thirds graduates may obtain clinical teaching; of the total export. The average dose the drawing up of laws and regulations for a subcutaneous injection is a quarter affecting the medical profession in China, of a grain, but taking the average an- and their enforcement; the issuing of a nual exportation and allowing half a medical register containing the names of grain per injection, enough has been pro- all those qualified to practice VI/estern vided to drug daily 500,000 persons.

medicine in China; and the adoption of Moreover, most of the morphia sent to a general nomenclature of medical terms China in recent years has gone by parcel in Chinese. post via Siberia, and is not tabulated by Union Services in a Temple the customs authorities, or, at least, not divulged. It is, therefore, safe to say R ECENTLY a most interesting ex- that the amount supplied from Britain periment was tried in Ichang, annually is sufficient to demoralize a China. The Swedish, Scottish and million of Chinese.

DR. American Episcopal missions combined for a series of special services. They Along Chinese Rivers succeeded in securing a large heathen FRANK A. KELLAR, after temple in the Lity-the Temple of the having spent a number of years in God of Fire-and invited the Reverend China, returned to that country in Au- Robert E. Wood of Saint Michael's gust, 1916, under the auspices of the Church, Wuchang, to conduct the mis- Bible Institute of Los Angeles. He is sion. The fire god is supposed to be es- pursuing missionary work along the riv- pecially fond of the theater, and he is ers by means of a house-boat, used both best propitiated by giving him a play as a chapel and as a residence for the now and then. That is why his temple workers. The boat touches at towns and is provided with a stage. The names of villages, where the native workers preach three hundred and seventy-three inquir- the Gospel, distribute literature and bill ers were taken. the town with flaming gospel posters.

Morphia Trade with China In the boat chapel, Dr. Kellar con- ducts a Bible school for the training of THOUGH the opium trade with native evangelists, and has thus been en- China has come to an end, Great abled to carry the Gospel to unnumbered thousands in their own tongue, spoken Britain, according to a statement by by their own people. Rev. G. S. Muir in Medical Missions at Home and Abroad, is supplying China This is a far-reaching work, which can with large quantities of morphia, which carry the Gospel to scores of interior may be popularly described as concen- communities with as little expense and tr,ated opium. Tt is about ten times as effort as is requisite to establish and effective or destructive, and being scent- maintain a single fixed mission.

less and bulkless, lends itself to illicit Dr. Kellar's long experience and his .traffic. Two firms in Edinburgh and familiarity with the Chinese language one in London are the sale makers in and customs, enable him to accomplish

~EWS FROM MA~Y

results entirely beyond the reach of mis- "No non-Christian has ever sat in any sionaries new to the field. He is accom- of our classes for a day before. All the panied by his wife, whose experience and teachers and pupils believ"e them to be ability are fully equal to his own, and in earnest. They want to go to Chieng her work among the girls and women of Rai with those of us who are to attend China has been blessed in a special way. Presbytery to see what is being done. Christianity has nothing to conceal, and SIAM AND LAOS whether these men finally accept or not we feel that' nothing but good can come. Siam-An Ally At any rate, the wall of partition is be- ing broken down. The other students T HE entrance of the kingdom of believe their surrender to the claims of Siam into the war on the side of Christianity is certain. God grant that the Allies gives new interest to the re- this may be so." lations between our country and that little monarchy. INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Siam regards the United States as the For the Jews of Calcutta home of its special friends, for to the American Presbyterian missionaries she T HE sad condition of thousands of owes her introduction, not only to the depressed Jews in India, and espetrue religion, bout to Western education cially in Calcutta, has for years past and science. The entire educational svs- weighed heavily upon the heart of a lady tern of the empire, the introduction'of who at length believes herself called of vaccine, the practical elimination of God to seek their elevation and instrucsmallpox and the use of quinine in the tion in the Gospel. The Jewish peofight against malignant malaria are ple in India, largely of the community among the benefits which the mission- known as Sephardim-descendants of aries have brought to Siam. The Mis- Jews expelled from Spain in the fifteenth sion has also introduced a leather manu- century-remain untouched by Christian facturing plant, the entire output of influences. Actuated by racial pride and which is purchased by the Siamese gov- traditional prejudice, thev have hitherto ernment. Men skilled in craftsmanship kept closed doors against all such influand agriculture are coming from Prince ences, and the circumstances are such as Royal's College in the north. In the call, not only for a missionary, but rathnorth also, on an island of 160 acres pre- er for one of themselves, who is able not sented to the Siam Mission for the pur- only to help them in their difficulties, pose, is a Leper Asylum, where some but on the ground of kindred experience, 200 lepers are housed in neat brick to enter into their feelings from their houses amid cleanly surroundings. own point of view. This lady, herself a Jewish convert, a graduate of a British Investigating Christianity university, and possessing the highest qualifications, is now engaged upon such A T the Theological School in Chieng work of preparation as she deems to be Mai, Siam, two of the students are neces~ary for the complete realization of ex-priests who came to study the Chris- her long-cherished desire. tian religion with a view to accepting it if they found it satisfying. The Rev. The restrictions of war-time prevent Henry White states: "They came to me, immediate action on the field, but imporasking if they might come to school to tant preliminary measures are under confind out what the Jesus religion was. templation.-London Christian. In consultation with other members of the Faculty, we considered that it might Lotteries and the Wa.r Loan be wise. The men are both keen, bright young fellows over twenty-five, and they T HOSE who have the highest good are studying as if they meant real busi- of India at heart must share the ness. sentiments expressed in the following ed-

itorial from The Harvest Field, pub- Whereupon the pir told them solemnly, "This is the way to God; I shall follow lished in Mysore: it." Some of the leading Fakiris after- wards came to the services at a mission "Much indignation, surprise, and re- church and listened very devoutly. gret have been expressed at various gat~­ erings that the Government of India A Marked Man in the Town should have permitted lotteries to secure money for the war loan. Those familiar AN American Presbyterian missionwith Indian history in the earlier years ary at Etah, India, tells the story of the last century know what a curse of how Bihari, who lives in a village of lotteries were to the people of the land. 3,000 inhabitants and who was a con- They had produced such evils that the vert from the "untouchables," ministered Government suppressed them. When to a beggar, a Brahmin woman and a the British Empire and her allies are high-caste boy, all of whom were in dire need and two of whom died at Bihari's fighting a war of righteousness and j.us- home. He continues: tice, it is humiliating that the Indian "More than ever, Bihari is a marked Government should sanction such a ques- man in that town. He -is more respecttionable method of raising money. If ed and loved than ever before, and, conour soldiers fight with clean hands, the sidering his origin, and India, it was money that enables them to fight ought wonderful the respect he had enjoyed beto be raised in a righteous manner. No fore these incidents took place. He one familiar with Indian ways can be showed tact as well as love in handling ignorant of the immense amount of harm these cases. He had offended no one's that will be done by the action of the sense of propriety, and yet had person- Government. The Government in re- ally ministered to three needy ones, each cent days has tried to check the· gam- of a different caste. The people of the bling of the people, and now it bids them town remark on his spirit of brotherlido it with its sanction. Such inconsist- ness, and are nothing loath to ascribe it ency will not strengthen its hands. We to Christianity. Notwithstanding the trust that the Government will never respect Bihari has won in that town, the again sanction such questionable meth- people are strongly resisting the admisods of securing money." sion of his boy to the public school. So far, government officials to whom the Winning Moslems in Bengal case has been referred, although recog- nizing the injustice of this opposition, M ISSIONARIES of the Church have been unable to overcome it. Missionary Society in a country district nDt far from Calcutta report Temple Lights in Burma signs Df an incipient mass movement toward Christianity. For some time past NEW illustrations are constantly there has been an undercurrent at work coming of the way in which the among a Mohammedan sect called Fakiris, who number about 5,000 and fol- East is adapting to its own purposes the low a man whom they call their pir various elements in Western civilization (priest or spiritual guide). This man which it is taking over. Even the ancame under the influence of Christian cient religions find ways of using the inteachers years ago, and now says openly ventions of the white man. that he will become a Christian. When two missionaries visited him recently he "Within the past two years many of gave them a warm welcome. While the the larger pagodas of this land have had missionaries were there a deputation came electric installations added to their equipto the pir from a distant district where ment," writes a Methodist missionary in some of these people live to say they also Burma. "Rows of incandescent lamps had been visited by missionaries and liked outline the terraces and are kept burning the teaching-should they accept it? all night. Many can be seen for long

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distances across the level plains. The the work for destitute as in the past. great Shwe Dagon pagoda in Rangoon They are now imploring that We conhas many rows of electric lamps around tinue usual appropriations. Funds in it, which are reflected in the rippling waters of the Royal' Lakes." Constantinople are exhausted; cannot re- spond."

MOSLEM LANDS Recent News from Turkey Continued Appeals for Turkey No Doctors in Syria T HE return of Abram I. Elkus, for- L ETTERS from an American, smug- mer ambassador to Turkey, has gled out of Syria by a kind-hearted given further knowledge of the terrible German missionary, have appeared in the conditions prevailing there. Mr. Elkus Arabic ~ew York daily Al Bada. They states that there are a million and a half show the terrible plight of the sick in Armenians, Syrians and Greeks within Syria; "Your friend, H–, died of the Turkish dominions alone in great hunger. We endeavored to save his distress. property for his family, but were not successful. For a time we fed them/but A cablegram from Mr. W. W. Peet cholera came along, and they all die'd. of Constantinople, now in Berne, con- There are only three doctors left in the tains the following; city, and when we sent for them tocoine to this family, not one responded (per- "I estimate the number of deported, haps because there was no medicine to destitute Armenians, Syrians, and Greeks give them)." All, advices from Syria now in Asia Minor, Syria, and Pales- tell of an utter lack of medicines. The tine, at one and one-half millions. De- daughter of a prominent man had b~en mands for help are inexorable. The im- ill with dysentery for two months; but perial policy supports the army at the ex- not a drop of medicine of any kind is in pense of other interests. Bread winners the city of Beirut. Others speak of the generally have perished through mas- extreme severity of the Government, no sacre, deportation, or in the army. Prac- one going from one town to another betically all now destitute were self-sup- ing permitted to 'carry with him anything porting before war. to eat on the way. A violation of this involves instant death.-Landan Chris- "Property taken from these people by tian. military or destroyed in deportations totals millions of dollars. The number of destitute is increased by the deportation of Greeks from the seacoast. Refugee5 T from regions occupied by military are in- The Fall of Bagdad creasing the poverty. Attempts by deported people to engage in self-support- HE occupation of Bagdad by the ing work are generally preventea. Busi- British means the carrying of the ness paralyzed. Animals requisitioned. flag of liberty into the heartof_,Bible Schools and churches generally closed. lands. It will mean the dawning of a Buildings used by military. Prices of new era for the inhabitants of these lands food and other necessaries of life in- which have so long groaned under ,~he creased several hundredfold, going high- yoke of the Turk. The Moslem Arabs er. ~eeds greater because needy people of Mesopotamia have long been a diffi- are more numerous than last year. cult people to reach with the, Gospel, but "Extermination or material diminution as one glances back in thought over the of Christian races greatly deplored, as thirty years that the Medical Mission at the hope of future upbuilding lies with Bagdad has been established, one has the this progressive democratic element, assurance that many have at least given which is most useful for regenerating the a hearing to it as proclaimed in its two- empire. American and Swiss mission- fold aspect-the publishing of the Mes- aries remain on the field for continuing sage and the ministry of healing. And

now, for more than two and a half years, that we should have a thanksgiving serv- the privations and sorrows of war have ice in the large dining room of the ho- been doing their worst amongst a people tel. The ladies of the French Red whose sacred book, the Koran, has not a Cross were most kind to the men in pro- word of comfort worthy of the name. viding them with various little comforts, Hitherto the genuine seekers after the and when they heard we intended to have Truth have been all too few, but that a thanksgiving service, expressed their their ranks will be increased in conse- desire to be present as well as the au, quence of the widely spread sadness in- thorities. The lady missionaries got to- separable from war, can hardly be doubt- gether all the English hymn books they ed; here, indeed, is the missionary's op- had with the hymn, 'Jesus, lover of my 'portunity with his message for the bro- soul,' in them. After dinner the offi· ken-hearted and the captive."-DR. F. cers and men came together into the JOHNSON. large room, and it was filled to over- flowing by a great number of French lReforms at ~ecca folk. The Lord very graciously helped me as I addressed the men, using their · CCORDING to the Cairo press, a escape as a warning to get right with A number of reforms have been intro- God. I then read and commented on Psalm 91 and prayed, then all joined in duced at Mecca by the new king of the singing the hymn. I t was a very re- Hejaz. He has increased the salaries of markable service."

the officials of the sacred shrine of the Kaaba to three times what they used to be under the Turkish regime. This in- Abyssinia Still Has Coptic lRule T crease affects some 460 persons. A HAT the war has affected even the Health Bureau has been established at Mecca, with the necessary staffs of phy- old kingdom of Abyssinia is shown sicians, chemists and clerks. Energetic by the story of the revolution several efforts are being put forth to provide months ago. The disturbance not only equipments and other necessaries for the resulted in favor of the Allies, but keeps Government Hospital and its.clinic. The control of the government in Christian King of the Hejaz is also solicitous about hands. – the introduction of other improvements The young Emperor Lij Yasu became in Mecca, among which the widening of a Moslem, it is alleged, under German some of its principal streets is now oc- influe·nce. Notwithstanding the discon- cupying his Majesty's attention, and the tent aroused among the Abyssinian Ministry of Public Works has received princes by the apostacy and libertinism of orders to expedite work on these urgent the Emperor, he managed to maintain reforms. himself in power by the aid of the Mo- hammedan tribes on the eastern border AFlRICA AND ~ADAGASCAlR and by moving the capital of the Empire lRescued Crew Gives Thanks from Addis Abeba to Harrar. Ras Ra- fari, Governor of the Province of Harrar REV. ARTHUR V. LILEY of Tu- -a son of the famous Ras Makonnen- nis had an interesting experience on whom Lij Yasu had tried to put out of a recent tour. He says: "During my the way, placed himself at the head of stay at Cherchell an English torpedoed the opposition, which was composed of crew of 39 men was landed and I was all the ministers and native princes, and glad to be of use as interpreter. When he proposed the dethronement of the Ne- all the business part and excitement were gus-as the Emperor is called.

over I got the captain to one side and On the national feast-day the supreme said: 'I am sure you would like pub- head of the national church, the Abuna licly to recognize God in this matter.' Matheos, solemnly released the Abyssin- He said he would; and it was arranged ian nation from its oath of allegiance,

FROM MANY LANDS 7Il

and declared Lij Yasu deposed from the Studying French in West Africa throne. Amid scenes of much popular enthusiasm, he proclaimed as Empress, REV. FRANK HICKMAN, of the Zaouditou, younger daughter of the late Emperor Menelik II, and installed as American Presbyterian Mission at Regent and heir to the throne Ras Ra- Kribi, in the Kamerun, writes: fari. A tentative rebellion was promptly suppressed, some thirty chiefs were put "On the French Government expressto death, others were thrown into prison, ing a desire recently that the French lanand order was restored. Though the gua,ge should begin to be taught at once, deposed ruler attempted to re-establish a small class of nineteen former school his throne, his forces were overcome, so teachers was organized, representatives of that the Christian queen is sustained.- our different stations, and the work of Moslem World. instructing them in French was begun at Batanga the latter part of last year. An African Secretary's Work That class has now broadened out into a class of 228 pupils and is being car- A N Association secretary in East Af- rie"d on at this station. One hundred rica writes in The Young Men of and forty-four of these young men are India: "We have another branch of the picked representatives from our differwork which is not only interesting but ent stations who have formerly been very important. That is the work for teachers and whom we expect to resume the dark race here in this campaign. We that occupation, while 84 are boys and have a small canteen for the carriers. young men from the vicinity of this sta- These are the coolies of Africa, who tion who are graduates either of our have borne a great share of the hard- Bulu or our German schools. They are ships of the campaign, and through their to be the vanguard of the French-speakefforts in. carrying burdens have made ing force in our mission. We have also the success of our arms possible, for the a vernacular school of some 253 boys ration supply was carried by them in a and young men, and a flourishing girls' good many places where motor transport was impossible, and where the life of a school with some 105 girls and young horse is only a few days, owing to the ravages of the tsetse fiy. These fellows women. Then there is a class of eight are the pure, unadulterated savage, ex- local evangelists here who are receiving cept where they have been able to get the special instruction for three months at shirt of a European or his trousers or the request of Presbytery. In addition to topee. Max Yergan, a colored secre- these we had 20 village schools scattered tary from America, is in charge of the throughout the large district that this work and is getting splendid results. In station is responsible for, and these had addition to his canteen work, he plays an attendance of 1,336 pupils. I am not football with them, endeavoring through sure that we reached such numbers even play to lead them to greater things. He when peace prevailed." finds a good many mission boys among the throng, and these alone seem to un- ISLANDS OF THE SEA derstand why we are out there, and that the work is done in the name of Him Filipinos and the War who taught the world the meaning of service. We believe that there is a great " I N these days of emotional stress for future for this type of work, and hope Americans in all parts of the that as our staff increases we can do a world," writes an American in the Philgreat deal for the actual fighting men, ippines, "it is a matter of keen pride for such as the King's African Rifles, the the handful of Americans who call the Gold Coast and Nigerian regiments." Philippines their home to testify to the unstinted loyalty and support which the Filipinos have given President Wilson and the United States in the days dur- ing which the country drifted slowly into the war. In the press there has

been but one discordant note-that of fore, particularly open to Christian fear of the consequences upon the Fili- teaching. pino people of actual warfare-but this note was a personal one. It was not an NORTH AMERICA attempt to interpret the national Fili- pino attitude on the war. The Filipinos The Kennedy School of Missions are heart and soul with the United States. They believe the American T HE Kennedy School of Missions, on cause that of justice. They are fervent be- the Hartford Seminary Foundation, lievers in the absolute honesty and sense as is well known to all who are interof justice of President Wilson. They ested in the subject of adequate equipare intensely grateful to the President ment for missionary candidates, is disand to his representative in the insular tinctively a sthool for special missionary government for the execution of prom- preparation. It specializes in such fields ises which have led to the present sys- as phonetics and language study, the histem of government,·and this gratitude is tory and methods of missions, missionreflected in the united support the Fili- ary practice, the missionary phases of sopino people have given the President. ciology, psychology and pedagogy, and They are, in a word, patriotic Americans." preparation for specific mission fields. It "We Brothers of 99" is essentially a graduate school, and, as a rule, admits only those who have ta- A FEW months ago a Bible class of ken a full college or university course, thirty young men in the Student or a very high-grade professional course~ Church in Manila organized under the During the three years of the war th~ name of "We Brothers of 99," as that was the membership they hoped to se- enrolment of the school has been mote cure. On a recent Sunday there were 717 present, making it the largest Bible than double what it was previous to that class in the Islands. "Practically all who time. Some of the increase has been due joined this class were not evangelical at to the enforced presence in this country the time, and most of them are not yet of missionaries from the war zone. On the other hand, war conditions have ~ep-t so," writes Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, from the school some of those who would ordinarily have come to Hart- World's Sunday-school Secretary for the ford, and the greater part of the gain Islands, "but on a recent Sunday morn- has been due to normal growth during ing some fifty members of the class knelt the last years. For the past session at the altar and pledged membership to (1916-17) the total enrolment was 44, the church in which they had been led exclusive of students from affiliated to find their Christ." From such classes schools who were taking courses in the a great harvest of recruits for the organ- School of Missions. ized churches is expected. Trained Sunday-school workers are needed to organ- The Russian Bible Institute ize similar classes in many such student centers in the Philippines. The idea of P ASTOR WILLIAM FETLER, the"organized class has met with a ready Director of the Russian Bible Instiresponse among the student body, as tute in N ew York City, recently renothing perhaps appeals more to the av- signed his connection with the Baptist erage young Filipino than the idea of or- Board in New York and announced his ganization and office holding. This op- intention of establishing another similar portunity is especially great when we school in Philadelphia. The school at consider that the majority of the student 162 Second Avenue, New York City, is body in the Philippines are without re- to be continued by the American Bape ligous belief of any kind, and are, there- tist Home Mission Society, and Mr. John Bokmelder has been elected Dean. It was decided to limit the number of students next year to thirty, as the ac-

19171 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

commodations were very much overtaxed mission boards and present-day condiduring the last year by the presence of tions in mission fields, the courses of infifty-two students. The American Bap- struction have been greatly strengthened tist Home Missionary Society has as- and the present requirement for graduasumed responsibility for a share of the tion raises the standard more than one necessary running expenses. hundred per cent. in the Biblical depart- ment. The medical department also has Plans for Catholic Troops taken an advance step in readjusting the courses, incorporating a few additional T HE Protestant Young Men's Chris- subjects and providing a certificate course tian Association is evidently not to in "First Aid and Practical Nursing." be allowed a monopoly of the privilege However, the most decided and the most of serving our American soldiers, for the important change in the curriculum is in Supreme Board of Directors of the the Biblical department, where a full Knights of Columbus has announced the year's work in addition to the old curappropriation of $1,000,000 by the or- riculum is now required to complete the der for the establishment and mainte- course.-The Bible Today. nance of recreation centers at all of the principal army concentration camps. Salvation Army Statistics "Of the million men soon to be in T HE following tabulation of Salvaconcentration camps preparing for war," tion Army work in this country for says the statement, "thirty or forty per ten years ending in 1916 was made by cent. will be Catholics, many of them the Army commissioner in Chicago and members of our order. Plainly, then, quoted in The Literary Digest: our society is confronted with the proposition of opening up recreation centers !tui!di?gs i~ use "at present ………•. 1,218 at all of the principal concentration M'SSlDg fnends found …………. . 2,391 camps and of furnishing moral and ma- 6,032 terial aid, comfort, and support to our Tons of ice distributed ………….. . 11,499 soldiers. Our centers, of course, will be Accommodation in institutions ……. . open to all, regardless of creed or mem- Officers and "non-corns" ………… . 11,070 bership in the order. The Supreme Children cared for in rescue homes .. . 12,350 Board of Directors has appropriated Girls passed through rescue homes .. . 18,155 $1,000,000 for the purpose, and has is- Tons of coal distributed …………. . sued a nation-wide appeal to our mem- Men.l?asse1.through industrial homes .. 30,162 bership for contributions to this war FamilIes vlstted ……………….. . camp fund." 152.815 Number given outings ………….. . 298,405 Number of converts ……………. . 343,418 571,642 Situations found ……………….. 771,726 Hours spent in active service.,……. 1,250,180 Number given temporary relief……. 5,486,002 Number beds supplied ……………. 33,925,189 Number meals supplied ………….. 43,624,744 Attendance at outdoor meetings……. 961293,750 Attendance at indoor meetings …….. 120,385,963 A Missionary Training School An Afro-American Synod T HE Union Missionary Training N EARLY twenty years ago the Institute of Brooklyn, which was Southern Presbyterian Church orfounded thirty years ago by Mrs. Lucy ganized an Afro-American Synod, which D. Osborn, for the education and train- failed for lack of leadership, from the ing of missionaries, has a record of not- refusal of two Presbyteries to enter this able achievement. The school's pros- Synod, and from the lack of proper suppects of future usefulness seem greatly port. Now the time has come when the increased by the fact that it has been colored Presbyteries and ministers have taken over by the National Bible Insti- united in the request for this separate tute, of New York. It will continue to Synod, their Presbyteries being reprebe located in Brooklyn, but is seeking in- sented in the General Assembly on the creased equipment. same basis as the others, and the first meeting of this Synod took place at Still- In order to meet the ever-increasing man Institute, Tuscaloosa, Ala., May demands made on missionaries, by both

12, 1917. Some of the ministers and Episcopal Board of Missions for Latinchurches are so far separated from the America, recently made a visit to the majority that they have decided to exer- Canal Zone. They found a most encise their choice and remain in the white couraging state of affairs so far as the Presbyteries. This will prevent a show loyalty of the people is concerned, and of the real strength of the colored mem- they have returned with the strengthbership and instead of 2,700 communi- ened conviction that the Church must do cants, 71 churches, and 33 ministers, the :,omething for these negro congregations new Synod will contain only those in and do it soon. Many of them came the states of North Carolina, South Car- originally from Jamaica or others of the olina, Georgia, Alabama, r.'iississippi and West Indies and were trained under Louisiana. The others will come in af- Church of England clergy. Again and ter the Church develops sufficiently to again the visitors came to places where bring them in touch with each other. no public ministrations had been held by a clergyman for many months, but they In a Pacific Coast Harbor found the churches well cared for and the people eager. At Bocas a Chinaman O SCAR ZIMMERMANN, who is was brought forward for confirmation. in charge of the work, writes of He had been prepared by a volunteer, an the evangelistic efforts that have been unauthorized lay-reader up in the counconducted on the large Japanese ships try, and they came twelve miles to the which have put into San Pedro, Cal.: service. Dr. Gray knelt by him at his first Communion and helped him find "One Japanese vessel, the A nyo the places in a prayer book. The fact Maru, was on her way to South Amer- that these deserted people had brought ica. The workers were met at the gang- into God's Church a man of so differway by the chief officer and given a cor- ent a race is a testimony to their loyalty dial welcome when their mission was which needs no comment. made known. A sailor was dispatched to go through the Japanese quarters in- Mexican Mission Conference forming the passengers of a service to be held, and a room was given us in F OR several years the missionaries of which to hold the meeting. A Japanese the Southern Baptist Convention student from the Bible Institute gave who have been laboring in Mexico have the message to about 300 of his people. held their annual mission meetings on Eagerly they listened to the words of Texas soil. This year the meeting was eternal life, and when a definite invita- held in El Paso, Texas, and there was tion was given for a personal acceptance frank, free discussion of all the probof Christ, about forty-five men and lems connected with the work in Mexwomen responded. These converts were ico. The new constitution adopted by given New Testaments and were organ- the state of Queretaro touches the misized into small Bible-studv classes and sion endeavor at almost every point. taught briefly how to st~dy. In the Foreign preachers are prohibited from meantime, the other workers went over "exercising their ministry"; only nativethe whole ship and left in the cabins and born preachers may be pastors of conbunks gospel fi terature in Japanese and gregations. Very few of the missionaries Chinese. In all, 2,600 tracts, 114 New in recent years have been pastors of Testaments, III Gospels of John, and churches. The consensus of opinion is three Bibles were left on this ship.-The that the administrative work of the King's Business. missionaries will be permitted, but ad- ministering the ordinances would be con- LATIN AMERICA sidered an infraction of the law.

Negro Christians in Canal Zone Primary schools directed or established by a religious body or by a preacher are BISHOP KNIGHT and Dr. Gral', the Secretary of the Protestant

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prohibited. But in some places the pri- the ground, when it eats through the mary schools under the direction of the cork of its bottle and enters the feet of missionary are allowed by the local au- those who pass that way, causing severe thorities. Religious instruction is strict- sickness, usually dysentery. The dis- ly prohibited in all primary grades. covery of the "buried poison" is a fruit- Professional schools, such as theolog- ful source of income for clever rascals.

ical seminaries, are permitted, but all Certain medicines are also in great repute properties owned by religious bodies are as antidotes for this "witch poison." claimed by the state, though no church All sorts of articles are worn or carried properties owned by the mission boards on the person as "shields"; even the bithave yet been confiscated by the Mexi- ter antidote-bean, which when fresh is can government. Various plans were a most valuable drug for both internal agreed upon which it is hoped will re- and external administration, is worn sult in the ultimate reorganization and round the neck as a charm! That rehabilitation of all the Board's work in buried or wafted poison cannot hurt a missionary is always conceded; but the Mexico. Indians have a ready explanation: in the Influencing Even the Parrots first place, the missionary is under God's "A special protection; in the second place, WAY back in the mountains of poisons never hurt their masters, and the Guatemala," so writes a Presby- fact that most missionaries in this coun- terian worker, "many leagues away from try have a fairly good knowledge of the nearest railroad, and even from the drugs, constitutes them "poison-masters"

nearest wagon road, the missionary ~ of a superior order!

stepped out on the corridor of a coun- try house and was surprised to hear a Late News from South Ame·rica parrot sing out in a full, round voice: BISHOP W. F. OLDHAM, of the 'Firmes y adelante!' (Onward, Christian soldiers!) to Sullivan's splendid mu- Methodist Episcopal Church, who sic. She had picked it up from the sing- is back from Panama for a few weeks ing, by some of our converts, of the to report on the South American work, Spanish translation of our famous holy says that the republics of South America march. World evangelization is pro- are greatly moved by the entrance of the gressing; even the parrots are taking it United States into the war; the entire up. Unfortunately pretty nearly all the drift of South American sentiment is torest of the parrots here use expressions ward closer conformity with the general and sing songs much less printable than plans of the United States. this, as parrots will, so the work of the Presbyterian Church in Guatemala is Religiously, the Bishop reports grow- ing interest in the schools and a deepennot yet done." ing life in the churches. Evangelistic fervor begins to show itself in many The Power of "Buried Poison" parts of the work, and Bishop Oldham is enthusiastic about the rapid approach IN an article in Moravian Missions, of a larger gospel movement, which he Rev. G. R. Heath, of Nicaragua, emphatically asserts is very close at hand. gives an interesting picture of the super- South America is increasingly the obstitions with which the missionaries have ject of attention and of commercial de- to deal. Poisons of various kinds have sire, both to Europe and to North been a favorite means of getting rid of America. He believes there is no better an enemy, being generally administered way of cementing friendship in its high- in rum or coffee, very often by some er. aspects than by the sharing of the third person who has been on friendly good the Gospel conveys to all who re- terms with the victim. The Indians be- ceive it. He therefore urges that the lieve that, besides the method of direct merchant minds, occupied with the administration, poison can be buried in thought of the advance of South Amer-

ican commerce, and others who are in- Lima and a well-known Peruvian pub- terested in the general progress of our licist. He writes: common humanity, should avail them- "What does Lima resemble? A dead selves of this time of monetary stagna- sea in which churches and monasteries tion, combined with a spiritual arouse- appear as barren and waterless islets. ment, for the strengthening of the agen- When a street is projected a nest of cies that are ministering to the higher Jesuits is planted. When an avenue is needs of these great lands.-Christian marked out a building of the Salesians Advocate. glares white. Convents, which for lack of native inmates ought legally to be Prayer for Argentina closed, fill up with foreign friars and, REV. ]. L. HART, of the Southern as in obedience to a word of command, Baptist Church, writes: are transformed into colleges. Thus the city's peoples are ringed in by more So much has been said and written of than a hundred edifices built for worthe progress of Argentina that I fear ship and religious teaching, but do not some may think it unnecessary to pray possess a single public school worthy of for these people. If you could see Ar- a civilized city. From the city the regentina as I have seen it, you would join ligious orders radiate through the whole in earnest prayer tor the following: republic, and master even the remotest First and foremost, for the Argentine ranches. All this with the complacent youth. It is literally true that even the permission of Congress and our governchildren gamble, and boys of twelve ors. One cannot have education where years old are already living immoral there are no normal schools, where all lives. No decent mother will allow her instruction is limited to the disjointed girls to go alone on the streets, even in repetitions of manuals made up from the day time. Surely such conditions alien works." call to prayer, and especially when we think that Argentina is the strategic EUROPE Spanish-speaking country of America and is leading all the rest. Then pray for Value of the War Work the women. Frankness, loyalty and modesty are almost unknown in Argen- GIPSY SMITH, the famous Eng- tine women. What kind of mothers lish evange1ist now in the service of will they make ? Would you like to the Young Men's Christian Association, send your children to such teachers? adds his testimony to others that have What of the men? Irreligious and im- been given in the Review as to the evan- moral many of them, cold and heartless, gelistic opportunity offered by the they have ruled God out of their troops in France and its significance for thoughts. They regard women as their the future of the Church. He was tools and children as a necessary evil to asked when he came home from the be avoided when possible. Last but not fighting front in France for a furlough, least, I am praying that God will put if he was going back. "Going back?"

it into the hearts of many consecrated he Gfied; "of course I'm going back. I men and women to come to Argentina expect to start next week, and I am and help us take it for Christ." there to the end. It is the most impor- tant work I have ever done in my life.

What is Lima Like? I am getting in touch with the manhood of the nation. 1: have never found peo- T HOUGH nominal religious liberty ple anywhere readier to listen to a sim- has been granted in Peru, the grip ple, sane presentation of the Gospel.

of the Roman Catholic Church is as The churches must be ready to receive strong as ever according to Dr. Manuel these boys when war is over. The G. Prado, the director of the museum in churches then will have the best chance

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in all their history. But the boys must like this man, do not kndw how to exfeel that the churches have something press their religioous feelings and need they want or they'll leave us and despise help. This is where the MeAll Misus. They complain now when they come sion is doing a great evangelistic work back from short leave in England that by gathering the people into their halls the churches are cold–that the preach- with their Christian atmosphere, and ers take too long to get at what they giving them the opportunity to discuss mean. Preachers must learn to say religious questions. what they want to say quickly and quit." –Congregationalist. Algeria in Paris A Million Soldiers Reached HOUSANDS of the Kabyles and T Arabs of North Africa have set- THE goal of the World's Sunday tled in the poorer quarters of Paris and School Association to provide a in its suburbs. Ten thousand of these are at present engaged in the munition million European soldiers with copies of factories, and even before the war great testaments or gospels has been more than numbers found employment in the sugar realized. A large proportion of gospels, refineries. One sees them in the evencosting less than five cents, have been ings in the southeast quarter of Paris, printed. Word has been received from huddled together in shabby cafes and the International Young Men's Chris- eating houses, idling or strolling about tian Association that nearly 400,000 and giving to this section of the French copies of the Scriptures have been dis- metropolis much of the appearance of an tributed by that society with funds re- Algerian city. A clean, respectable temceived from the World's Association, perance hotel, managed by a Kabylethrough the American Bible Society. speaking missionary, could do a vast deal These Scriptures were printed in more of good for these strange uprooted exotthan twenty languages. ics. Mr. S. H. Anderson, a well-known missionary in Paris, relates the conver- Now that the first million copies have sion and baptism of one of this class. been provided, the World's Sunday This was due chiefly to the study of the School Association is starting on its cam- New Testament. The convert was bappaign for the second million. The call tized recently in the French Baptist is as great as ever. The Waldensian Church in Rue de Lille, after answering Society of New York is making a spe- clearly the questions put to him by the cial request for help in supplying the brethren. He is a volunteer soldier in Gospel to the Italian soldiers. The the French army, drafted into the Hos- American Bible Society is constantly re- pital Train Service which carries the ceiving similar requests from Russia, wounded from the war zone to all parts France and other European countries. of France. He has abandoned his Mos- lem name of Si EI Khider for the Chris- The McAll Mission's Opportunity tian one of Andre, and his great desire now is the evangelization of the North JEAN ALCIDE PICARD, an Alsa- African Mohammedans settled in and tian, who served two years in the about the city.–Record of Christian Work. trenches, when incapacitated for further military duty, engaged in Red War-Time Work in ItalY Cross work. He reports that France seems to have been made over since 1914. NoT to one city only, but practically At one time in a hospital he was read- to every part of the land, the Speing the Bible and praying with a soldier who was a Protestant, when a wounded zia Mission for Italy takes or sends the man who had no religion said to him: message of the Gospel. Its work began "I do not understand what you are say- more than fifty years ago, has widened ing, but I feel it in my heart." Many,

and grown, and been more largely Jews of Prague a standard with the blessed as the years have passed. Now M ogl'lI Dm'iri, which is in existence to- war has immensely increased its oppor- day. The Jewish organizations for the tunities and its responsibilities. The ex- care of the sick and wounded have this igencies of the war have brought a great sign instead of the Red Cross, as have many British men-o'-war's men to Italy, also the field rabbis.-Das Prophetische and much has been done for the spiritual Wort.

and temporal needs of the men and of their officers. On some occasions Mr. OBITUARY NOTES H. H. Pullen, the director of the Mis- John W. Davis of China sion has been asked to preach, for many JOHN W. DAVIS, D.D., who died Sundays in succession, to the full ship's in Suchau, China, last February, company of some great British iron-clad was the oldest missionary in service and detained in Italian waters. the second in age in the Southern Pres- Among Italian soldiers, too, a fine byterian Church. He came to Suchau in 1873, and most of his missionary life work is being carried on. They are was spent in that city. He had at the welcomed to these services; they are vis- time of his death been in China fifteen ited ·in the hospitals; and a thoroughly years without a furlough. Dr. Davis well-organized distribution of Scriptures was a strong preacher, a lucid teacher, and of gospel literature is being carried an able expounder of the Word of God, on from over seventy centers, by means and a wise executive, careful in every of which many thousands of soldiers are detail. The impw:s that he made by his receiving the Word of Life. A work of teaching and preaching, and the memory even greater importance, and of increas- of his well-rounded character, are the ing magnitude, is that which the Spezia abiding monuments of one of the strong- Mission is doing for the wives and est men that the Southern Presbyterian mothers of the soldiers at the front. Church ever ,ent to the mission field. They come in a constant stream-for consolation, for help, for guidance, for information about their loved ones. Archdeacon Elliott of China A Jewish Flag DR. ELLIOTT HEBER THOM- SON, Archdeacon of Shanghai, I T may be for the first time since the Maccabean wars that a Jewish flag China, died in that city on April 23, in has been borne in front of Jewish sol- his eighty-fourth year. Archdeacon diers, as is now the case in the present Thomson was the oldest member of the world-war. Jewish volunteers from Ga- Protestant Episcopal mission staff, both licia have imitated their Polish country- in age and in point of service, either at men and have chosen a national flag for home or overseas. He went to China in the battles in Russia. On a blue field 1859, and for more than fifty-seven years it shows in white the M ogen David- devoted himself with characteristic modthe shield of David-in it the first let- esty and fidelity to making the Christian ters of the name of the Emperor Franz revelation known to the Chinese people. Josef, and round it in Hebrew "Im- H. B. Frissell of Hampton manuel" and "0 Lord Help, a Lord DR. HOLLIS BURKE FRISSELL, give Victory." Blue and white are suit- for many years Principal of the able colors for a Jewish flag, as we find these two colors prominent in the sanc- Hampton Normal and Agricultural Intuary of Israel. White represents purity, stitute at Hampton, Va., died suddenly blue the color of heaven. The shield on August 5th, at his summer home at of David has been used from time immemorial as a sign of recognition among Whitfield, N. H. Dr. Frissell was a the Jews. Emperor Charles gave to the noted educator. He was ordained in the Presbyterian ministry in 1880. Religion in Europe and the W orId Crisis. in~ellectual and spiritual indictment. By Charles E. Osborne. $2.50 net. The fact that Nietsche died insane is Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 1916. significant in forming an estimate of his theories. T HE rector of Wallsend, England, has ambitiously attempted to de- The last chapters of Mr. Osborne's scribe religion in Europe at the present book which discuss the rechristianizing time. In many respects the writer has of the Church are perhaps an over-severe succeeded in his venturesome task, and indictment of organized Christianity. yet there is a mixture of satisfaction and They are, nevertheless, wholesome and disappointment in reading the book. Mr. stimulating, and Christian leaders may Osborne is very fond of interjecting the well read them with pains~aking care. parentheses, and has made very frequent use of German and Latin expressions Famous Reformers of the Reformed and which prevent his sentences from con- Presbyterian Churches. By Rev. James veying what might have been more 1. Good, D.D. 16mo, 160 pp. 50 cents, clearly stated in English. cloth; 35 cents, paper. Home and For- eign Mission Boards of the Reformed Peculiarly strong, however are the Church in the U. S., 1916. chapters on "The Will to Power," "Religion in Germany," and "The Russian The four hundredth anniversary of Spirit." In spite of his naturally strong the Reformation under Martin Luther English bias, the writer has attempted is an appropriate time for the study of to be fair. He does not spare the Famous Reformers and the truths for Church of England or the need for re- which they stood. Dr. James I. Good adjustment in the religion of Great Bri- . has helpfully sketched for us the leading fpirits of the Reformation: Luther, tain. Zwingli, Calvin, Beza, Knox, and The chapter on religion in Ger- others. The little volume is designed for a mission study text-book, and theremany is, perhaps, the strongest in the fore emphasizes the missionary ideals book, when read in the light of the and spirit of the reformers. Every problems which are now facing all con- Protestant Christian should be familiar tinental nations. If history is the grad- with these men and with the main points ual unfolding of the will of God, pres- in the history that has given us modern ent-day events in Germany can only be Evangelical Christianity. interpreted as a desperate warning to the nations of the world. Any concep- Missionary Milestones. By Margaret Seetion which permits those who call them- bach. 12mo. 57 cents (cloth). 35 cents selves Christians to excuse cruelty and (paper). Council of Women for Home barbaric conduct, on the ground that the Missions, 600 Lexington Avenue, New end justifies the means, is nothing more York. or less than a return to the Dark Ages. Mr. Osborne rightly says: "The teach- The Reformation was a home mising of Christ was to Nietsche but an sionary movement. The evangel spread opium drug robbing mankind of valor, through Europe, from lip to lip, by let. of the heroic virtues, of the tonic ters and by the printed page. It is fitstrength of life." In this he unveils to ting, therefore, that the Home Mission the world the fundamental error that Study course for the coming year should has plunged the nations into a carnival deal with the Reformation. Miss Seeof bloodshed. The inability to recog- bach gives in her text-book some pen nize that the secret of power is love and pictures of the Old W orId reformers that physical force without righteousness and the progress of reformed Christianis futile, constitutes Germany's sharpest ity in America. They are graphic sketches of old friends and new. It is a most timely study in view of Ger- good education, helpful home life, a many's position in the world war and wonderful mother, and an inspiring Eng- the need fo'r looking again to founda- lish pastor (who later was his father-in- tions. law) were the influences which made the boy into a useful Christian man. Bearers of the Torch. By Katherine R. His future began to take definite shape Crowell. Paper, 29 cents; cloth, .40 in college and at a Baptist convention cents. Council of Women for Home whose grip he never ceased to feel. Missions, New York, 1917. Evangelists like Moody and Major This junior text-book on the Refor- Whittle placed their impress upon him, and passed on their influence through mation and Home Missions takes up a him to hif, churches in East and West. little difficult subject for young people, but it is a readable story of those excit- Dr. Mabie was a d,elegate to the ing days four hundred years ago. It can "first Ecumenical Conference," held at be made a fascinating study, as anyone London in 1888. Then he may be said cail testify who has read "The Schon- to have entered upon the public plat- burg Cotta Family" or "The Lily of form of the Missionary Cause. Two France." The study book carries on the years later he was chosen Home Secrestory to America, Mexico and other tary of the American Baptist Mission- lands where the light has gone. ary Union, and shortly thereafter he followed the sun around the world in a From Romance to Reality: The Merging tour of mission stations. His mission- of a Life in a World Movement. An ary journey made his addresses and Autobiography. Henry Clay Mabie, writings vivid with concrete illustrations D.D., LL.D., Boston. Illustrated. Bvo, of what the Gospel is doing in non- 396 pp. Printed for the Author. $2.00. Christian lands and his Board received 1917. an added increment in effectiveness The author was for some years Home through his' field observations and studies into methods of work. Department Secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union and a well- As a writer he is loyal to the conknown figure at interdenominational servative theology and criticism. Cenmissionary gatherings and at Northfield tral in his views of truth is the Atone-' conferences. Since his official connec- ment, around which four of his published tions are lessened, he has turned aside works circle. His personal confession of to give his friends and the denomination faith in Appendix C contains his theolto which he belongs the story of his use- ogy and his rule of life. While his writful career. ings are somewhat diffuse as orthodox statements of belief, they have force and The volume is not primarily addressed logical acuteness. to the Christian world, for the frequent mention of individuals who were his The Christian Church, and especially hosts and of Baptists the world over the Baptists of America and Europe, clearly mark it as largely a denomina- owe Dr. Mabie a great debt. Few men tional and personal record. Yet the have been so variantly useful, and this world does have here a real contribution autobiography is concrete enough to help to a great history in which Dr. Mabie those who are looking for example as was an important factor. The evolu- well as precept. One of his lesser books, tion of this agent was an interesting "Methods in Soul-Winning," hints at process. While he was born to his call- his habits of trying always to secure ing, the circumstances which surrounded definite commitment to God. In his his childhood and early ministry all con- several parishes and services in various tributed to develop an evangelist and cities we find proofs that his "Methods theological writer and missionary admin- in Soul-Winning" could be transmuted istrator. From being black-marked by the lightning that killed his sister by his into actual winning of multitudes for side at four years of age, he learned ito Christ.

recognize God's providence and His close relation to human experience. A From BomanGo to BoaIilg "Study to IIhow thYllelF flpproued Wlto God, a workman that _edetla AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE not to be aShamed, rightly dirlidinll thewordo/trath." 2 TimotlrJo 2:16 REV. HENRY c. MABlE, D.O. Correspondence The Stirring Story of a Missionary Expert. Bible Study Pen portraits of great Christian leaders. Graphic scenes in mission lands. This year The Moody Bible Institute offers eight strong Flashlights on Soul Struggles. courses for systematic Bible study by correspOndence. A Christian argument against materialism. For all unable to attend a Bible Institute conesvand- A Tonic to F aiih and spiritual living. ence study js a practical. efficient and economical Full of Life, Faith and Incident. method of securing' a deeper, clearer knowledge of the Bible. Our courses are thoroughly tested and "This is the record of a most varied and popular. We have a course for everyone, young 01' stirring life. The Author has a spir£tual in- o1d, beginner, student or jnstructor. sight which penetrates to the central difliculty of our problems, and a breadth of observation b:The Mood~ Bible Institute and experience which enables him to furnish true soJutions. u ~pr~aetnUiy~esqt~i~a:n.ite!a~c~he~r~s:. iO~Ybe!rcl5:0~0~~0~e~tdubdC:e:n~b:'I:n:De~•·• AUGUSTUS H. STRONG, D.D.} LL.D. part_ of the wortd ..at yea. studied on. or ..ore of OUr eo……. Now is the ttme to write tor further partleulara. STANDARD PUBLISHING CO. Our courses will satisfy your needs.

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Including Addresses and Excerpts from Addresses by WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN, JOHN G. WOOLLEY, RICHMOND PEARSON HOBSON, and others of. the Ablest Speakers and Writers on the Prohibition Question.

THE FRESHEST FACTS-THE STRONGEST ARGU- MENTS-THE MOST TELLING TESTIMONIES In favor of Prohibition as an Economic Factor in Government for the Welfare of all the People. Next to the War, and until the War's end-perhaps afterward-what shall be done with the Liquor Traffic must remain the chief and absorbing topic of popular discussion. In these pages Information and Inspiration are Afforded for all Concerning ALCOHOL'S EFFECTS UPON THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE.

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Can You. and Would You. Find a New Light Thrown Upon the Church 0/Peter and Paul} THEN YOU SHOULD READ THAT GREAT NEW BOOK The New Archeological Discoveries Their Bearing Upon the New Testament And Upon the Life and Times of the Primitive Church By CAMDEN M. COBERN, D.O., Litt.D.

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n. Statue 01 Christ M Cood Shephard. An interesting and extended summary of the excavations and "find." of the past two or three decades, in Bible lands and elsewhere, and a Earlv Third Century careful discussion of the light thrown thereby on New Testament writings and the living conditions of Early Christians. Shows how newly discovered papyri have revolutionized our views on New Testa- ment Greek, and how the .latest "finds" in cities and sites long buried have corroborated statements by St. Luke and others, geographical and political, and have shattered much destructive criticism.

FILLED WITH ILLUMINATING AND INFORMING MATERIAL THAT ALL PREACHERS AND BIBLE STUDENTS WILL PRIZE Reveals Astonishing Parallels Between Ancient and Modern Life From it we learn, for instance, that "preparedness" was a There are more than 100 illustrations-two of which are first-century slogan; that third-century plutocrats dodged their given, reduced, on this lag e-3howing numerous portrait taxes exactly like some of our present-day millionaires; that etc.; one busts, recently excavate temples, and other buildings. conscliPtion was a vital issue even in Nero's day; that women's frescoes, sarcophagi, particularly remarkable rights were forcibly advoca!ed before the birth. of Christ; that piece, of which three views are given. being the great silver the problems of domestic help" and of Food Conservation chalice discovored at Antioch. which is considered by were as difficult then as now; and a hundred other details full experts to be the finest specimen of early Christian art in of historical intere:tt..and human appeal. eXIstence.

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XIII

THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON M.EMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL Dedicated May 20, 1917 A New Bible School for Seoul W ITHIN the West Gate of Seoul, Korea, overlooking a wide ex- panse of the city, stands a memorial to the memory of Dr. A. T. Pierson, Student of the Bible, Prophet of Missions, Leader of Men, Servant of Christ, and Messenger of God.

Not far from this same old capital is a monumental stone that was made of cement in the year 944 A. D. Its unblurred face still speaks, in spite of wind and weather, and tells of a great priest, who, a thousand years ago, guided the fortunes of his people and pointed men upward. Today this Bible School, built of modern concrete, speaks of a prophet and greater priest of God, who has gone before, and whose memory will be crowned with blessing for all the years to come.

From its high outlook toward the west it hails In-wang-san, Mountain of the King of Love. Forever will the school have for companion this mass of granite rock, which, as time goes on, will speak other associations, and say by a new and wondrous interpretation: "The King of Love my shepherd is, Whose goodness faileth never, I nothing lack if I am His, And He is mine forever." PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS AT THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL Dr. J. L. Gerdine, Administrator and Dr. James S. Gale, Secretary, in the center Another sweep of the eye, north and east, takes in gates and palaces and walls. They lie as in a picture at one's feet. One palace enclosure has been long deserted because geomancers pronounced it unpropitious and under the influence of the tiger. The school looks kindly down upon it in the hope that it may help to rid Korea's soul of all the tiger fears that haunt it.

Another palace in full view, the oldest in the city, has its gates and towers still intact. Sad associations cling to these winged halls, of fallen governments and dead men's blood, and yet they are so beautiful and make so rare a picture, that they already suggest to the Bible School the dreamy, misty realities of the Palace Beautiful.

A long sweep of street cuts across the line of vision, with its modern electric trams flying at high speed, and its masses, dressed in white, endless in procession. What a view of Asia this Bible watch-tower presents!

Such are the surroundings of this new center of Christian activity that commemorates the name of Arthur T. Pierson, ever dear to us who were young missionaries years ago. May it come to mean as much to the young men of Korea as it did to us in those early days of youth. ful inspiration. THE AUDITORIUM OF THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL Tlte seats are made by Koreans in tlte Y. M. C. A. shops The opening service fell on a beautiful day of sunshine, Sunday, May 20th. At 2 P. M. the central hall was filled. There were present on the platform representatives of the Methodist and Presbyterian mis· sions, native and foreign. Mr. Usami, Chief of Home Affairs, had kindly consented to be present, and was there to accept a place. Chief Justice Watanabe, of the Supreme Court, led in the opening prayer.

Very appropriate and happy was the fact that Mr. Curtis and Mrs. Curtis, the eldest daughter of Dr. Pierson, could be present.

In the audience were students of the Bible School, and representative officers of all the Protestant churches in the city. One of the wings was set apart for the students of the Women's Bible School, while in one row of the main hall the women of the various churches were gathered.

Over this varied assembly of the East, dressed in startling shades of color, passed the voice of prayer and praise, as this house was dedicated to the service of God. Mr. Gerdine, administrator, was in the chair. The Secretary read a short account in Korean of the history of the school. Pastor Son read a portion of Scripture. Dr. Noble spoke for Mrs. Curtis as she, representing the donors, handed over the keys to the administrator. Then Pastor Cha offered the prayer of dedication, and Mr. Curtis made the address in English which was translated into Korean by Mr. T. H. Yun. THE MAIN HALL OF THE BIBLE SCHOOL Used for classes and reading room He told of Dr. Pierson's life in a most interesting and helpful way, of how it was related to the Scriptures, and what the Scriptures had been to him. "Apply thyself wholly to them, and apply them wholly to thy- self," was the central thought. How beautifully the Book had touched his life; how strong for the Master it had made him, how valiant a soul, how clear a vision had been his. A new hope dawns on Asia when young minds catch this thought and give themselves up to know the mind and will of God. May the life delineated and the wish expressed be lived out in the future history of this school!

Hymns were sung by the congregation, by the students' choir, and by the male quartette of foreigners.

In three languages, Korean, Japanese and English, voices had spoken and prayers had been said in the dedication of the building to Christian work.

The monument to the memory of Dr. Pierson stands in Green- wood cemetery, Brooklyn, N ew York, :t monument of stone among sleeping dead; while another stands in the crowded center of the Orient, teeming with life. The one speaks of a work that is finished, and the other of a work still to be done. JAMES S. GALE.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1917

A SUNDAY AUDIENCE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT ELAT, WEST

And "Billy" Sunday was not the preacher either (See page 331)

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. MAY, 1917 NUMBER FIYE XL SIGNS Of THE TIMES THE SPREADING WORLD CONFLICT I N November, 19 1 4, we published a map of the world showing the extent to which the present European war has involved the people of all six continents. At that time the nations maintaining their neutrality were; China, Persia, Siam, Arabia, Turkey, Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, Morocco, Abyssinia, the United States of America, lVlexico, Central and South America. About one-third of the land area and onethird of the population of the world were neutral, but all were seriously effected by the conflict. Since that time Italy has entered the war, China has broken off diplomatic relations with the Central Powers, Portugal has proclaimed her alliance with Great Britain, Turkey and Bulgaria have joined with Austria and Germany, Greece, Persia, Arabia and Africa have become battlefields, Rumania has joined the Allies and now the great North American republic has declared war against German military methods. Mexico is still torn with internal strife and Cuba has experienced a revolution. To-day all except the smaller nations are arraigned on one side or the other of the conflict. Greece is occupied by hostile armies, and Holland is a land of refugees. In South and Central America, Brazil, Argentine, Peru, Guatemala and Costa Rica have declared for the Allies. Cuba has declared war against Germany and others may follow. Spain and Scandinavia are still at peace with both contending parties, but only about one-twentieth of the world's population is at peace. This is the result of human programs, ideals and methods after six thousand years of human struggle and progress. When will men agree to accept the program and ideals of God and seek His help to establish them? When men come to the end of their own resources, and find that their program has failed, then they may be ready to accept the program of God as revealed in the New

Testament. Never in history has there been such a war. May it prove to be the clearing of the air in preparation for the reign of the Prince of Peace.

AMERICA'S ENTRANCE INTO THE WAR W AR is an organized effort to remedy diseased conditions in the world. When ambition, greed, misunderstanding or malign purpose has reached a point where submission or passive resistance is no longer bearable, then comes an eruption and a struggle. This means death to many, and suffering to all concerned, but if such war is conducted with intelligence, strength and unselfish devotion to high principles, it will bring health out of disease, new life out of death. This was true of the American Revolution, the war between North and South, and many conflicts in Europe and Asia.

Long years of intrigue, misunderstanding and selfish ambitions produced the diseased conditions in Europe which have involved fourteen nations in a li"fe and death struggle. To-day (April 5th) the United States of America has entered the conflict after seeking in vain for ways in which peace, based on righteousness and brotherliness, might be reestablished. The nation of over 100,000,000 industrial, peace-loving people has sought to avoid being involved in European and Asiatic quarrels, and has had no desire to become involved in warfare with nations 4,000 miles away, many of whose citizens are respected and peaceful residents of America. Events have, however, proved clearly that the world is one human brotherhood, and that the disease which affects a part affects the whole, including the remote parts. The loss of American life and property, and the disregard of human rights have at last, to the national mind, become no longer bearable, and the nation has entered the conflict in the interest of what American citizens regard as great principles of justice, liberty and humanity. In most Americans there is no personal feeling of hatred or desire to injure a brother man, but there is an intense purpose to free the world, and especially small nations, from oppression, autocratic misrule, and the hasty appeal to arms to settle disputes or enforce demands.

War may be justified as a last resort when evil becomes so highhanded that death is preferable to continued existence under the dominion of evil, weak, or misguided rulers, and when the purpose of the armed conflict is to establish normal conditions in national or international life. All the nations of the world are now seeking political, social and religious liberty. The struggle against autocracy in church and state has been gaining headway. China has become a republic, Russia is on the road to democracy, Turkey has a national assembly, and if the government survives, will doubtless lose its autocratic military power. Other nations are throwing off the yoke. There is strong hope that by her entrance into the war, the United States of America will greatly shorten the world-conflict, and will, in the peace that fol-

ot THE

lows, help to establish a permanent basis for international good-will, and a method of settling disputes by reason and friendly conference rather than by mortal combat.

Peace, based on righteousness, can only come with the establish- ment of the rule of Jesus Christ in human hearts. Therefore, the ambassadors of Christ are the great peace-makers of earth. There is a warfare in which all must be engaged, and which calls for the greatest energy, the greatest courage, the utmost sacrifice, the most skillful generalship of which man is capable-that is, the warfare against evil in all its forms. It is a conflict which man cannot win unaided, but which requires the power and wisdom of Almighty God to insure victory.

RUSSIA ON THE THRESHOLD OF-WHAT?

THE inevitable at last has happened. "Do Boga veesoko, do Tsarya dalyoko"-God is high and the Czar is afar. This an- cient Russian proverb will no more have to be applied by the Russian people. The Czar has been compelled to abdicate from his throne, and to come down until the very peasant soldiers, who had been taught to look upon him as almost a demi-god, now speak of him as a man, Nicholas Romanoff.

Thoughtful observers· have predicted such a catastrophe to the degenerate imperial court. If the full story of Gregory Rasputin is ever published, it will reveal hidden springs of intrigue and corruption that will astonish the world. The Czar and Czarina have been unable or unwilling to listen to the voices of popular discontent as expressed in the Duma and the newspapers. The autocrats in power for many generations refused to listen to reason, and once more the inspired truth of the Word of God has been verified: "He that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy." But for the evil influence of Rasputin, Nicholas II. might be still on his throne. He was the enemy of enlightenment, of progress, and of liberty.

[t is said to have been Rasputin's power that led to the exile of Pastor Fetler from Russia, in spite of the friendly interest of the Czarina, the Empress Dowager, and one of the princes.

Russia had to endure the scourge of the most terrible war in its history to learn the greatest lesson the country has learned, and to take the greatest step upward in political and religious emancipation. New factors are rising to take the place of the old-the foremost and most important of which is freedom for religious aspirations. Russia is not France, Rodsianko and Milukoff are not a Robespierre and Mirabeau, nor is the Russian revolution a counterpart of the French. The fact that nearly a hundred million of the Russian peasants are still almost illiterate bespeaks for the tremendous opportunity of leading them towards something which is too them still unknown. Their unsatisfied cravings for religion promises rich harvests from evangelizing efforts.

Forces have already been at work to prepare the ground for evan· gelical preacher of the Gospel. The plowshare of war and destitution has made deep furrows in the souls of hundreds of thousands of men and women. The very children who have been born during such times must have been born with their faces Godward. The Orthodox State Church, which officially sanctioned the presence within her of men like Rasputin, has lost power and prestige, and the Holy Synod has been compelled to resign. Pitirin, the Metropolitan-chief of the archbishops-of Petrograd has been imprisoned, a thing unthinkable in Russia under the old regime. Bishop Andrew, of Ufa, the most liberal and illuminated of all the Greek Church dignitaries, but also one of the most hated by the former Synod, has been made Metropolitan of Petrograd. The people are now clamoring for self-government in the Orthodox Church as well as in the nation. They talk of the election of priests by the congregations, of the separation of the Church and State, and other reforms. '1 he Russian evangelical Christians in New Yark, under the lead of Pastor Fetler, sent to the President of the Duma a plea for religious liberty, and for a separation of Church and State. Many in Russia are sick of the old religious forms and ceremonies, and desire new evangelical instruction, and a new church policy, based upon the simple Gospel.

God has also wonderfully been preparing workers to meet these new opportullltles. Great numbers of evangelical preachers, banished to Siberia and other places, are now returning to their work in Russia with new experiences and fresh zeal. The Christian soldiers have been busy in the trenches, in the barracks, on long marches, and in prison camps. Gospels have been distributed, and the personal testimony has already borne fruit. The Gospel Committee for Work Among Var Prisoners, with its headquarters in the Bible House, New York City, has been enabled by the gifts of American friends to send hundreds of thousands of Christian tracts and Scripture portions to be distributed among the two millions of Russians in the German and Austrian prison camps. Only eternity can disclose the results of this work, which still continues.

The establishment of the Russian Bible Institute at 162 Second Avenue, New York City, seems to be another providential and timely preparation to meet the needs of Russia. Russian Christians have come from all parts of the United States and Canada to attend this Institute, and to prepare for service to their fellow-countrymen. Fifty-two students, young and married men, have felt the call of the Master during the first three months to become fishers of men. These students sleep and board at the institution, and spend their time in the study of English, Russian and Ruthenian, the Bible, music, mathematics, and other subjects. These young Russians are in earnest to prepare for the new tasks in their beloved home-land. This is a nucleus of what may become a large educational work for the Russian Christians to

OF THE

train them as messengers of Christ. The interest and prayers of God's people are needed for these men, and for the thousand-fold enlarged Gospel possibilities in Russia. It is hoped and expected that there will now be no difficulty about preaching in towns and in villages, or even in the open air in Russia. The time may even come when a congress of evangelical Christians may gather in the winter palace of Petrograd to discuss the needs and opportunities for aggressive missionary work in Russia.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA T HAT the power of the Holy Synod of Russia has been broken as well as the power of the nobility is evidenced by the action of the new provisional government in Petrograd on April 4th. On that date all the laws in force limiting Russian citizens in their creeds and religion were repealed. This is a most significant development of the revolution. For centuries the Russian Orthodox Church has been supreme, and their domination has been marked by tyranny and intolerance equal to that of the middle ages in Central Europe.

Dr. Avram Coralnik, the representative of the "Birshevia Vedomosti," an influential publication at Petrograd, says: "Although the Jews were the most persecuted people in Russia, they were not the only ones to suffer. The dominant church discriminated, bitterly and brutally also, against the Poles, who are Roman Catholics; the Mohammedans, who form a great part of the population in Kazan, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, Khiba, and in fact, all of Central Asia; the Stunda, which is a Protestant Christian sect somewhat like the Baptists; the Molokans, the Doukhobors, and others too numerous to mention.

"About ten years ago a movement was started among some of the clergy for a separation of the Church and the State, and a great many intellectuals, like Professor Bulgakov, worked to accomplish it. Filonenko, a clergyman, and a prominent member of the Duma, announced that Russia had been brought to the verge of ruin by the close connection between the Czar and the priests, and there could be no hope of averting disaster unless there was a separation.

"It looks as if the new Government is going to institute decisive reforms in the religious life of Russia; not only to abolish restrictions on creeds and faiths, not only to cease oppressing the great masses of sectarians and the Jews, but to pave the way for the final separation of Church and State, which is the only means of elevating the religious spirit of Russia."

THE MESOPOTAMIAN CAMPAIGN AND MISSIONS O N April 5th it was reported that the Turks had finally been driven out of Persia by the Russians, and that the British, who had previously captured Bagdad, had joined forces in Mesopotamia, Turkish Arabia. From a military and political standpoint

the fall of Bagdad is no small event. The city is a strategic base for further campaigns against Turkey, and the sentimental effect of the loss of the sacred city to the Turk himself will contribute to the demoralization of the Turkish army.

From a missionary viewpoint, also, the results of the campaign are equally important. Bagdad is a station of the Church Missionary Society. It was for centuries the seat of the Caliphs in the days of their greatest glory, and to the Sunni Moslems its loss is one more stunning blow. Already the revolt of the Sacred Cities, Mecca and Medina, against the authority of the Sultan of Turkey, the recognized successor of the Bagdad Caliphs, has undermined his influence among Moslems in all parts of the world. Now the fall of the most important city in Mesopotamia severs him still more from the Sunni believers in India and the East, over which until recently he was the spiritual head.

The event is of utmost importance also to the Shiite Moslems of Persia. Next to Mecca, the most holy spots to the Shiites are N ejef and Kerbela, only a few miles from Bagdad, in Turkish territory, but now in British hands. Nejef contains the tomb of Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet, and the first and the greatest of the Shiite Imams. Kerbela was the scene of the terrible tragedy enacted by the Orthodox Mohammedans, which for centuries has embittered the Shiite· world against them. Here Husein, with his family and followers, was overpowered, many being massacred, including the grandson of Mohammed himself, and the rest taken into captivity. Here are the tombs of Husein, and more than one of the Imams. Here the chief ecclesiastics of the Shiite sect, the head Mujtahids, as they are called, reside. Here, too, everyone who wishes to be an authority on Shiite theology and law must spend several years of study. Here are thousands of Persian colonists living in the atmosphere of the sacred region. It was from this center that the recent Pan Islamic propaganda spread into Persia j it received the endorsement of the chief Mujtahids j and Persia, although neutral in name, was filled with seething unrest and open strife. Dreams of the union of the Mohammedan world are now a thing of the past.

Christian missionaries in Persia have now a breathing spell, and the prospect of freedom from further troubles such as they have endured in recent months. Urumia, with its large Christian population, which suffered so terribly two years ago, never could be free from haunting fear so long as a large Turkish army was in possession of the frontier of Persia. With Mosul, the second city of the region, also in the hands of the Christian powers, thousands of Assyrian and Armenian refugees in the U rumia district are able to return to their homes in the Kurdish mountains. Hamadan and Kermanshah, two other Christian missionary centers, have had to endure successive waves of Russian and Turkish invasion, but are now firmly established under Russian control, and the normal work of the stations can be resumed.

Not the least interesting effects of the British and Russian victories will be their probable influence upon the Kurds, who inhabit the mountain regions on the Persio-Turkish frontier. These Kurds are for the most part adherents of the so-called Caliph at Constantinople, and by him have been given almost a free rein for their lawless savagery. Now the British are at their back door, and without doubt, it is only a question of time when they will be tamed by the strong hand of a Christian power. This promises that there will be no future ruthless massacres of the Christian population. Better still, this wild, but manly race, numbering several millions, will be open, as never before, to Christian influence.

Altogether, we have reason to give thanks for the onward march of events in the cradle of the human race.

THE SUDAN-MOSLEM OR CHRISTIAN?

SHALL political or Christian principles determine national policies? It may be natural and wise for rulers of an alien race to consider racial characteristics in making laws and establishing institutions in a foreign land. Compromise and surrender of the best will not, however, win respect or lead to final victory. Many of the British Christians have been protesting against the policy of the Anglo-Egyptian administration which has strengthened Mohammedanism in the Sudan at the expense of Christianity. Such a policy they declare to be folly, since the Moslems will only bide their time and live in the hope of throwing off the British yoke.

The government has not allowed the Gospel of the grace of God to be preached to Moslems in Khartum, or in any town or village north of the tenth parallel of latitude, during the past eighteen years. Moslems are free to enter every pagan part of this vast territory, and spread their religion that stands for the subjection and degradation of woman; but no Christian missionary is allowed to enter any Moslem district and preach the Gospel to Moslems. Would that that were all. There is still a worse side to the picture. The greatest and most successful propaganda of Islam in Africa is carried on through Gordon College (built by Christian money), and the educational system of the government. The judges of the Moslem religious law and the teachers of the Kultabs (Koran schools) are trained and sent forth from Gordon College to teach the men and bovs of the Sudan the Moslem religion! Wherever a Moslem judge goes; he becomes a strong center for the dissemination of Islam, and wherever a Koran school is planted it becomes the most powerful means of spreading and strengthening the hold of Islam. The British Government might, at least, give a free field for the teaching of all that is best and most strengthening in character and life. Islam has a deadening influence, while Christ has life-giving power.

"DELAY NO MORE"

T HIS was the title adopted for the great patrio~ic mass meeting held on March 22d in Madison Square Garden, New York, to urge active American participation in the world-war. Twelve thousand people listened to the appeals made in the name of liberty and the security of small nations. To a Christian the strongest impression made by the stirring addresses of financier, statesman, eminent lawyer, college president and mayor of the city was the altruistic note that pre- vailed. With a slight change in wording, the method proposed and the objective in view, these appeals might almost have been made to the Church of Jesus Christ to enter more actively into the campaign to win the world to His spiritual ideals and dominion.

Note these words of the speakers and think of their strong appeal to those who claim to be subjects of Jesus Christ and loyal to His Cause: "We need less talk and more willingness to make sacrifices for ideals and convictions"

"You cannot make strong men or a powerful country (or Church) by wealth, ease and fatness. We need to sacrifice for a common cause to develop character, courage, strength and unity."

"Men and women and children are suffering from the oppressor to-day, while most of us stand idly by and seek to increase our own wealth and comforts."

"Others are fighting our battles for us to maintain the ideals for which we stand. Are we going to support them with our money and our lives, or are we going to let them make all the sacrifices?"

"If we do not take our own part in the conflict we cannot expect to have a share in the benefits of victory."

"It is not a question of whether we will make war; the enemy is already making war upon us. Are we going to meet the attack like men, ready to give a good account of ourselves, or shall we succumb, lying down like cowards." (How well this may be applied to the conflict with the devil.) "Ve must stand and contend for the right and for the ideals of liberty and justice, or we will lose our liberty and our strength and become a subject and oppressed race."

"If we mean to be prepared to do our part we must know the facts and must have the necessary equipment for defense and for aggressive warfare." (Is not this equally true of spiritual battles?) "We need a leader who fears not to go anywhere, and followers who dare to follow where he leads." (Is there any leader who fills this requirement as fully as Jesus Christ?)

EDITORIAL

More quotations might be added, but these are sufficient to call to mind that the appeals which awaken a response in patriots and lovers of mankind should arouse Christians to more devoted loyalty to God and His great command to "go into all the world and preach to every creature." The conflict in Europe and the missionary campaign are very different in their methods and aim and results, but neither can be won without loyalty and sacrifice. While the earthly warfare of death and enmity is claiming 30,000,000 of men, 8,000,000 of whom have already laid down their lives, the Christian campaign of life and love enlists only one thousandth part of this number. While England spends $30,000,000 a day for warfare abroad, the whole Church of Christ gives only that amount for aggressive missionary work outside their own territory. The European war shows the sacrifices of which men are capable; should not these lead us as Christians to think more seriously of how we are proving our loyalty to Christ and His Kingdom?

SOME PERILS TO AMERICAN CHRISTIANITY M ORAL and spiritual perils are worse than physical. The pres- ent peril to America is not war or internal strife, but is due to the increase of the less educated and non-Christian population, and the growth of religious indifference and immorality. For' example, recent statistics published by the Federal Census Bureau indicate that the death-rate among negroes is higher and the birth-rate lower than it is among the whites, while the birth-rate among the fore eign-born population is much higher than among the native Americans.

In commenting on this, the Christian Evangelist says: "Apparently these figures indicate two tendencies in our American social life. First they indicate that the white race is slowly supplanting the colored in population; and, secondly, that the foreign-born whites are supplanting the native-born. In this latter fact lies a great danger for American Christian ideals. The majority of our foreign-born population are Jews, Catholics, or Freethinkers. The growth of the Roman Catholic Church is largely due to the greater proportion of births among immigrants, Catholicism grows up almost entirely by absorbing its own children rather than by proselytism. Protestants frequently let the children get away from them and then hold big revivals to bring them back. We need an evangelism which will hold the children quite as much as one which will bring them again into the fold." If America is to maintain a leading place among Christian nations, if the republic is to hold fast to Christian ideals and institutions, obviously it is high time that the Christian Church take still more seriously the task of evangelizing and educating the non-Christian foreigners who are so rapidly increasing in numbers and influence. There is need for a Home Missionary Campaign to unite all Protestant churches, and to win over the indifferent and materialistic masses of the population.

IN CAMEROUN-A COMMUNION SUNDAY ON EFULEN HILL, WEST

THE RAW HEATHEN ARE LIKE IN WEST

A mild sample-Mvondo Ntumban and part of his family The Romance of Cameroun * Mission The Result of a Definite Mission Policy and Program in Africa BY REV. A. W. HALSEY, D.D., NEW YORK T HE story of the mission work in the Cameroun country, formerly German Vest Africa, now under the Allies, reads like a romance. . The first station was opened in 1885 at Batanga on the seacoast.

The real work of the mission, however, began with the founding of the first inland station at Efulen in 1893. The station at Elat, 120 miles inland, was opened in 1895, and since then several other sta- tions have been opened. The mission work has, therefore, extended over a period of only thirty years, and the real work of the Camerouns from the first inland station only twenty-two years. In this time there has grown up here one of the greatest churches in mission lands, if not one of the great churches in all lands.

The Cameroun Mission was a part of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of America, the other stations being in Spanish Guinea and Congo Fran<;ais, and on the Island .. Also spelled" Kamerun."

of Corisco. On account of the almost utter failure of the work in West Africa the Presbyterian Board, in 1903, after much discussion and careful deliberation, adopted a policy for the West Africa Mission to be put on trial for a period of ten years. The new policy involved the sending of a Board Secretary to the field and an increase of the mission force. The Secretary visited the field in 1904 and at that time the working force of the whole mission-including Spanish Guinea and Congo Franc;ais-consisted of thirty-eight American missionaries and fifty-five natives. Nine years later these had increased to sixty-three missionaries and 257 natives. The communicants had increased from I,852 to 4,144; the boarding- and day-schools from 27 to 125, and the pupils from 964 to 9,564.

During my visit as Secretary in 1904, there was a record-breaking audience at Elat of 1,500 people. Nine years later at a communion service in the same station there were 7,000 present. One of the missionaries wrote: "If a secretary of the Board will come again, instead of 1,500 to whom he spoke in 1904 there will be 15,000 here to greet him."

The number of persons to whom the Gospel is directly preached every month in the West Africa Mission is at least a thfJusand per cent more than it was ten years ago, while the increase of the missionary force has been only 65 per cent.

A FOURFOLD POLICY This result, humanly speaking, was accomplished by strict adherence to certain definite lines of policy as suggested by the Board, endorsed by the mission and faithfully carried out by the missionaries. The policy included four distinct lines of work: I. The missionaries as far as possible should avoid being pastors and become stated supplies, and the Christians and inquirers be organized into groups under native ministers and helpers, so that one helper has the oversight of a few men, say ten, or even less. This policy has been followed almost to the letter. For example: An outstation was opened far in the interior at Fulasi in 19I2. A missionary and his wife, who went to occupy the station temporarily, had charge of fifteen evangelists and strictly followed the policy as a supervisor. The result was an average of thirty confessions of Christ each month for the first year. In 1914 the church was organized, some members being received from the Elat church, seventy miles distant, that being the nearest church they could join when converted. Others came from heathenism. Fifty were received into membership and 400 were advanced to the catechumen class. There were 7,000 present at the service, but the day after communion the missionary was obliged to leave for another outstation.

The same policy was pursued at Metet, where a station was opened in 1909. Recently $3,000 has been contributed,to open a new out-

ROMANCE OF CAMEROUN MISSION

station far inland among the cannibal people. The native evangelist is on the ground and the missionary will soon organize the constituency and start the native workers.

ITINERATING WORK The second item in the policy is the emphasis put on the itinerating work, both by the missionary and the native evangelist. It distinctly stated that missionaries and native helpers were to be assigned sys- tematic and regular touring. Here again the mission has carried out the policy to the letter. Two years ago a request came for the opening of a station at Lomie, 250 miles west of Elat, or nearly 400 miles from the coast. The Board could not grant the funds, but the outstation was manned by a native evangelist and the missionary made stated visits.

Large audiences now gather at this station. Faithful itinerating work has been done through all the sec- tion. One missionary and his wife made a tour of thirty-seven days, traveling a thousand miles, on 400 of which the people had never heard the Gospel. Another mis- sionary and his wife traveled 350 mile3.

The very latest report from the mission (October, 19 I 6) shows the extent to which the native helpers have been organized for itineration and care of the ch'.lrch.

This report reads: "We total 280 Bible re1ders, an average of thirty-one to each church. These men spen:i two months of the year in a special training class and ten months at work in the villages. They hold meetings for instruction with cate- chumens; keep in touch with the members; are constantly after new converts. The importance of this work in securing the ingather- ONCE A PAGAN CHIEF, NOW A CHRISTIAN TEACHER ings cannot be overestimated. It means that there is an average of thirty-one assistants to each church, and as they are all paid out of church contributions, it means that instead of paying one man's

TEACHING YOUNG AFRICAN HANDS HOW TO WORK The Carpentry Class in the Elat Industrial School salary these churches average the payment of the wages of thirty-one men. Their work is necessary because the people are in scattered villages. Every five or ten miles on the roads radiating from the stations these men are located, and thus the community is provided for and some of them are sent to distant places to reach those who have but little knowledge of Christ."

Thus at intervals of five or ten miles on the roads radiating from the stations there is some representative of the church, trained (of course, a meagre training) and paid for by the native church, who keeps the fires burning in the hearts of these children of the forest, who are babes in Christ.

EDUCATING THE AFRICANS The third item in the policy had to do with the development of the educational work along two lines: efficient boarding-schools and numerous day-schools, scattered often ISO miles from the mission station. From 19°4 to 19 I 3 the enrollment in the schools increased from 964 to 9,5 64-a growth that gives a slight idea of the extent to which the mission has carried out the policy.

At the beginning of the war, the pupils in the Cameroun schools numbered 15,000. Every teacher in the boarding- and day-schools was a Christian and everyone an evangelist. Even at far remote outstations such as Lomie and Fulasi these day-schools were manned by a native teacher, where the Bible was taught as a textbook on weekdays and services held on Sunday. The supervising missionary visited the schools

ROMANCE OF CAMEROUN MISSION

during the vacation of the boarding-schools, and at certain seasons of the year these teachers were brought to the station for a normal class training, for instruction and inspiration. Connected with this, on the Lord's Day, were Sunday-schools; so that while in 1904 there were some 2,000 pupils in the Sunday-schools, in 19 13 they had grown to nearly 13,000, and even more in 19 14. The teachers for this Sundayschool army were gathered by systematic training on the part of the misSIOnary.

The mission found that industrial work was needed. A saw-mill, chair factory, boot and shoe shop, printing press, tailoring and carpentry classes, hat making, brick making, cement making and a large agricultural work followed each other in rapid succession.

The fourth point in the mission policy had to do with raising a self-supporting, self-governing native church, the people being encouraged to give: (a) of their substance for church support and evangelists, and (b) of their service and of their lives for evangelistic work.

As an illustration of this we might take the great church at Elat. It was organized in 1903 with a charter membership of two men and four women. The mission statistics show that this church has now 4,074 members and I, I 10 Bible readers or helpers, all of whom are paid for by the church itself.

As bearing on the subject of gifts of life and substance, let me quote from the first report received from the field: TEACHING YOUNG AFRICAN IDEAS HOW TO THINK

"In November, 1916, there were received over 1,000 on confession of faith, so that this will be the third consecutive year that the additions by confession of faith in Elat church exceeded 1,000. Plans are now under way by which eight churches will be organized from the present membership."

The total number of Bible readers in the eight churches is 280; all are supported by the churches or are giving their services gratuitously.

During the past year thirty-two candidates for the ministry have been received. There is an average of seven to each church. I would call special attention to the catechumen classes; the total number as last reported was I8,883. These are under constant instruction for two years. I cannot go into the detail of the work, but everyone is given a pledge card for attendance and for gifts, and that card is punched ~onthly by the native helper, or by the missionary who is the super- Vlsor.

Practically these catechumens are all envelope givers. Think of a church with 15,000 envelope contributors and the amount of detail work involved; where the contributor cannot read, certain marks, such as a red check on the envelope, indicate to the donor whether payment has been made or not. In other words, the mission constantly and persistently has followed the policy outlined by the Board in 1904, to build up a self-supporting and self-governing church, the missionary being simply a leader and guide, a supervisor.

Some idea of the work which these men can do can be seen. During the twelve months ending August, 19I5, 7,500 persons confessed Christ at the Elat church. Of these, 5,000 were led to Christ by the native workers, the missionary not having had any personal touch with any of them until they were brought to him to make confession and give up their fetishes. For efficient development of native evangelistic activity, I doubt whether this record is to be found excelled, certainly not in any of the missions under the care of the Presbyterian Church which it has been my privilege to serve.

All that has been said practically applies to the work of the mission up to the beginning of the war, August, I, 19 14. Then came the firt> test. "Will the Cameroun church stand the test of persecution?" French and Fang coming up from Congo Fran~ais-British and Senegalese descending from the Nigeria-these forces meeting far in the interior to combat the forces of Germans and Bulu. Meanwhile French, German and British warships drove the people back from the coast and for miles destroyed entirely the coast stations. The mission report is brief: "Except for the presence of the warring armies, the country was depopulated. For over a year it was so. What a time it was: Families separated, never to be united; sickness, hunger, starvation and death. Deserted villages with houses plundered or burned or falling before

ROMANCE OF CAMEROUN MISSION

the unchecked ravages of white ants, overgrown with the rank tropical vegetation, the untended gardens having for the most part been long since choked to death."

Thousands of church people were taken away as carriers across the Spanish border and many of them were sent far into the interior. Hundreds died by the wayside. Noone knows how many crawled off into the bush beside the path and died-in the beautiful language of Dr. W. C. Johnston, "quietly resigning themselves to the motherly embrace of the great, dark, cool African forest, ever mysterious, ever charming. "

One mission station was seized by the Government, another was turned into a ·munition factory, money in the treasury of the mission THE USUAL CONGREGATION COMING FROM CHURCH IN ELAT was requisitioned. All about the mission stations war raged for eighteen months, but the church stood the test.

First-It is estimated that not over six per cent fell away. Second-In the single church at Elat in one year during this war time, 3 ,000 confessed Christ, and from the catechumen classes more than a thousand were advanced into full membership during the time of the war.

Third-The contributions of the native church doubled those of any previous year, so that while the money from the mission's treasury was requisitioned and the Board at home was unable to send money into the country, the contributions of the native church made possible the continuation of the work, the foremost contributors being the native evangelists, who gave from 15 to 25 per cent of their meagre salaries.

Fourth-On the arrival of one of the returned missionaries who had been detained in England and in Spanish Guinea because of the war, he found, to his great surprise, 250 evangelists and Bible readers receiving instruction. They with their families made 500 guests who were being cared for by the Lolodorf station and were fed from the gardens which had been carefully planted during the War in anticipation of the great need caused by not being able to secure food from abroad. Here you have business efficiency and common sense methods emphasized in the training of men who are to be the real evangelists for the nation.

It is significant that the first cable from the first missionary who returned after the Allied army had entered Cameroun, was not for funds or for men, but in the laconic message: "Hurry up order for the Bulu Gospels." The last letter received from the interior station begged us to send additional Gospels, "as the supply is exhausted."

A missionary from Metet who has itinerated far inland to the Mekae people on the border of cannibal-land, writes: "You cannot imagine even with what a heart of pain I had to send back a delegation of Mekae whom their headman had sent to me for a school and teacher."

There are vast "regions beyond" in Cameroun still untouched by the Gospel. The church is full of evangelistic fervor and zeal. vVe await with interest the next chapter in the history of the Cameroun Mission.

IAN EARLY MORNING PRAYER MEETING IN THE CAMEROUN MISSIONj

A POPULAR DEMONSTRATION BEFORE THE WINTER PALACE IN

Revolution and Religion in Russia BY REV. WILLIAM FETLER, NEW YORK AND PETROGRAD Dean of the Russian Bible Institute, New York, and formerly Pastor of" Dom Evangelia" Church, Petrograd L IKE a great unexpected storm, the most terrible war in the history of the human race overtook Russia. The storm is raging still. The damage that has already resulted has wasted billions of money and has sacrificed millions of human beings. Every day brings fresh news of the horrors of war which fill the heart with sympathy for those whose sufferings could not be repaid by all the gold of the earth. Vhat would become of the world if there were not unceasing prayers going up day and night to the Lord from His faithful ones who are "the salt of the earth"?

I remember vividly when the war came suddenly upon Russia, when the ultimatum of Austria-Hungary to Servia re-echoed throughout the Empire. Never shall I forget the second of August, 1914, that memorable Sunday in the Russian capital. I had finished my Sunday morning service in a theatre which I was hiring near the centre of the city, and as the congregation passed from the building, I determined to remind the people of the need of trusting in Almighty God. We formed into a procession, led by myself and the choir, singing our national anthem, followed by the Lord's Prayer and some Gospel hymns. A great crowd of several thousands of people soon gathered around and joined in the singing. We went to the N evski-Prospekt, the main street of the city, passing the city Duma, the Winter Palace, the Admiralty and the

Ministry of War. On the street corners we stopped, gave a brief address to the people, offered a word of prayer, sang the anthem and then continued our march. It was a new experience in Russia, where all open air services are forbidden and where a public procession of Protestants was unthought of. Men bared their heads, and passengers on tram cars or those riding in a droshky or automobile took off their hats, many of them crossing themselves devoutly. As we were approaching the Admiralty a higher police officer rushed towards me, but not to make an arrest. He kindly inquired whither we were going, and then invited us to gather at 3 o'clock that afternoon at a great public demonstration before the Winter Palace.

Promptly at 3 o'clock with banners, our <;hoir, members of the church and a great crowd of other people, we took our stand facing the grand entrance to the Palace. With hundreds of flags the people had come-societies, churches, delegations, schools. Many were carrying a life size picture of the Emperor. Stately carriages and automobiles hurried ministers of State, generals and admirals in full uniform, foreign representatives, and other high personages to the meeting. As these carriages approached, the grea,t iron gates with the Emperor.'s Coat-of-Arms would swing open to admit them. I was asked by the officers to act as one of the superintendents of order, and this gave me a splendid opportunity to, observe the proceedings from close quarters. As His Majesty came at last, accompanied by the Empress, the Dowager Queen of Greece, Grand Dukes and Grand Duchesses, the Ministers of State, and ladies and gentlemen of the Court, a great hurrah went up from hundreds of thousands of throats. The next moment all the flags and banners were bent down before His Majesty and the multitude bowed to the earth on knees and face. Then the imperial manifesto was proclaimed, and the memorable words were said by the then ruler of all the Russias, "I will not lay down the weapons so long as there re- ,mains even one enemy on the Russian soil."

To-day what a tremendous change has taken place! The Emperor has become a prisoner of the people and the crowds who bowed before him then are now cheering for the new regime and a government of the people, by the people and for the people. What has been the influence of this conflict on the moral and religious life of the people and what will be the influence of the new revolution?

MORAL AND RELIGIOGS REFORMS The first great moral reform was the prohibition of vodka. No doubt, without this prohibition of the sale of alcoholic drink it would have been much more difficult for Russian armies to make their brave and heroic fight. Will this reform last? There are many forces in Russia, both good and evil, but the greater part of the thinking people, the best members of the Duma, the best newspapers, and their best readers have all been convinced of the blessedness and practicability of absolute

AND RELIGION IN

prohibition. Even if the prohibition of alcohol should partly be re- voked after the war, the nation would be more sober and more prepared for the new duties and possibilities of national, moral and spiritual de- velopment than before. Even the Holy Synod, which has always been noted for its reactionary tendencies, has asked to have the vodka prohi- bition made permanent and like requests have been made by Town Councils and important societies.

The Water of Death and the Water of Life have always combated each other. There is a mysterious relationship of the spiritual state of a man to his depraved appetites. The person whose spirit is empty of Christ will feel a burning thirst for the things of this world, which degrades and corrupts that which is noble and lofty in his character. But when such a person is deprived of the possibility to satisfy these low cravings, then is the time to bring to him the offer of eternal life. Such has been the case in Russia. Spontaneously, it seems, that a thirst for the Bible has taken the place of the appetite for vodka. Immedi- ately after the prohibition of alcohol, not only some individual priests and pastors, religious and philanthropic societies, but the Government also became interested in distributing the Bible. Members of Court were among the first to order from the Holy Synod, which has the monopoly of printing Bibles, and from the British and Foreign Bible Society thousands of copies for distribution among the troops. While the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolay Vetch was inspecting a part of his army, and was inquiring of the condition and needs of the men, some one of them asked for a Bible, or New Testament. The Grand Duke immediately made an order for several cartloads of the Holy Scriptures to be sent to the camps for distribution. Within two weeks after the beginning of the war the demand for the Holy Scriptures in the Russian language was so great that the printing offices of the Holy Synod were not able to meet all the demands.

The Russian people have never read so much of the Bible as within the past two years. This sowing of the Word of God in the hearts of hundreds of thousands of Russians may result in a great religious revival all over the Empire. These things do not come by mere chance. While the politicians and diplomats have been busy planning war and destruction, another plan has been formed in the Council Chamber of the Most High (Dan. 4: 14) to work out blessing and salvation to people which have been sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death. God is carrying out those plans and one of the first great indications of it seems to be in the political revolution which has overthrown the old autocratic regime of religious intolerance.

Where there is light, there naturally will appear some shadows. It could not be expected that where darkness has ruled for centuries, the coming of Light would be without opposition. But the forces of righteousness must stand firmly against this opposition with unconquerable faith in the certain victory of good over evil.

THE CAMPAIGN lGAINST PROTESTANTS The outbreak of the war with Germany marked the beginning of a campaign in Russia against all who were not of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Baptists were marked for especial attack on the ground that they had received their faith from Germany. Other Evangelical Christians have also suffered. For many years the "Stundists," who are Evangelical Christians, were persecuted even to death. Husbands were separated from their wives, parents from little children, and many sent, chained hand and foot, into long and cruel exile to Transcaucasus. to the Ural Mountains, and to Siberia. When the Manifesto of Liberty was issued by the ex-Czar Nicholas II, in 1905, the name "Stun li-,t" had practically gone out of existence.

When the war began persecution WaS revived, although there h:lS never existed in Russia a sect under the name of Stundists. ;rhe3e I names have been applied to Evangelical Christians by the priests and the police authorities who undertook to arouse public sentiment against these God-fearing people on account of their having left the Orthodox State Church. There is a proverb in Russia which says: "Fear has large eyes." The necessary secrecy of the meetings for prayer and Bible study observed by Russian believers made the "eyes" of the suspicious priests and police still larger with suspicion. When they overheard the word "Stunde" mentioned as the "hour" for meeting, it sounded foreign and formidable, and the "Stundists" were declared to be a dangerous people. It is quite clear, however, that there could have been no reason for fearing any opposition to the State.

The Manifesto of the Emperor from the seventeenth of April. 1905, and the Imperial Ukas from the seventeenth of October, 1906, proclaimed liberty to all Sectarians for existence and worship according _ to the dictates of their conscience. The churches of the Evangelical Christians and other Protestant bodies were permitted to organize and to be registered as legal religious societies (Obshtchina). Availin"g themselves of this opportunity, hundreds of Russian Baptists, Evangelical Christians, Adventists and others legally registered, but not a single Stundist Church was found. It was, therefore, surprising to hear a revival of the talk all over Russia about the mysterious Stundists, and bv the force of sheer fanaticism Evangelical Christians and others with them were put down as belonging to this sect. "They are all of German origin," said the reactionary Russian clericals. "They are agents of Kaiser Wilhelm to carryon the German propaganda."

This religious intolerance, which again made its ghastly appearance in Russia, is revealed in a letter sent by an ardent adherent of the Orthodox Church to a Russian Black Hundred newspaper. Tl1e translation of a part of it will show the awful feeling which exists against the Evangelical people in Russia. Under the title, "A Fox Under the Mask of an Evangelist,''' the article deals with my arriva I in the

AND RELIGION IN RUSSIA

United States, after my exile from Russia. The article runs m part as follows: "I have discovered from the newspapers that in New York has arrived the German Baptist Fetler, * exiled from Petrograd.

He has opened his warfare upon the Russian colony in America and has began his cunning debuts by teaching the Russian people, free of charge, the English language and singing. Already, for many years this clever talker and secret political agent of Kaiser Vilhelm has been seducing every year many thousands of Ortho- dox Russian people from the Orthodox Church into the Baptist Faith, and has influenced them against the true Church and the Russian Government. The whole time 1 have been surprised at this free criminal agitational activity in Petrograd right under the eyes of the Police Prefect, General Dratchefsky, who ought to have long ago surrendered him into the hands of Justice.

"On German money this shrewd political agent used to hire halls and to open in Petrograd and other cities meetings of Bap- tists, calling themselves by the name 'Evangelical Christians.' Fur- ther he instituted Evening and Sunday Schools for young people. The aim of these schools was not at all to prosecute educational purposes, but to seduce members of the Orthodox Church, young and old, into the Baptistic heresy, and by that means to organize as many as possible persons into communities hostile to the Ortho- doxy and the Government. Moreover, on German money Fetler held in Petrograd a secret school for the equipment of Baptist preachers. More than a hundred of such Russian 'preachers,' fooled by Fetler, found themselves in his cunning wiry hands. Every day, again on German money, Fetler was sending out these preachers towards all the ends of Russia to establish and organize new Baptist churches. As Fetler himself, so also his agents, dur- ing the comedies called by them 'prayer meetings' in accordance with their accepted rule, would be groaning and weeping with croc- odile tears, endeavoring by this means to influence especially women and nervous listeners. On German money, still further, this politician, in conjunction with his intimate friend and partner, the engineer Ivan Prochanoff, a son of the bankruptcy miller from Vladikavkas, has been publishing in Petrograd the newspaper, 'Morning Star.' This paper, Prochanoff, and a certain Baptist, Pavlof from Odessa, were the visible leaders of the Baptist heresy, but all the secret springs behind the scenes and financial operations, F etler kept in his experienced and clever hands."

The injustice, untruthfulness and inventiveness of the letter is self- * Neither I nor my ancestors have-ever been of German origin, nor is there any German blood in us. If Russia would!have been engaged in war first of all with Turkey, no doubt the writer would call me a Turk.-W. F.

A RUSSIAN CHURCH CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTESTANT WORK IN

(Copied from a Russian Church paper published in Moscow) This picture represents the Protestant sects as servants of the devil stealing sheep from the fold of the "Orthodox" Church

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evident. It is but one of a legion written against the Evangelical cause and spread among the people.

The Russian Church teaches that she is the only true Church of Christ. When I first arrived in Moscow with my heart burning for the salvation of the drunkard, the libertine and the atheist, I encountered the most severe opposition from the priests and missionaries of the Rus- sian Church, as well as from the police. The accompanying illustration was published about that time in one of the priestly papers in Moscow, and reveals emphatically the attitude of the Church towards the Evangelicals. The Orthodox Church considers everybody else as thieves and robbers, who are climbing over the fence of the Russian Church to steal her sheep. High up in the sky Satan himself is seen, holding in his hands a number of cords, connecting him with smaller devils who control the Evangelical preachers. In the left corner, the tall figure with the round cap indicates the Roman Catholic Church, represented by the Pope. Behind the Pope is seen Martin Luther, and in the opposite corner is the well-known figure of Count Leo Tolstoi in his peasant dress and the long Russian beard. Near-by him towards the fence is the atheist.

Is it any wonder that with such opinions prevailing among the Church'leaders, intolerance is rampant in Russia? After the outbreak of the war the oppressions of Evangelicals took on various shapes and forms. Sunday-schools were suppressed throughout the Empire. Preachers from abroad were prohibited from addressing services and prayer meetings. At least twenty-five persons were required to open a new place for worship. This prevented missionary work and was a , direct blow against evangelization. The Imperial Senate also decided that Evangelical pastors could preach only in their own churches. This meant a spiritual serfdom through all our churches.

Petitions to the Imperial Senate and vigorous protests to the Government were of no avail. The Government replied with a new regulation ordering every Sectarian preacher preaching outside of his own church to be arrested and imprisoned. My energetic argument with the director of the department of the Ministry of the Interior came to nothing. When I showed that Jesus Christ, the Head of the Church, and the King of kings, has explicity commanded His faithful disciples to go into the whole world and to preach the Gospel to all creatures, His Excellency answered: "Then you might do away wi'th that passage of the New Testament, if the Imperial Government demands you to act differently. "

"We shall do nothing of the kind," answered I, "and though we are most loyal subjects of the Russian Government, it is impossible for us to obey men rather than God (" The result was my exile. In spite of all our efforts to be useful and helpful to the Government, we were looked upon with suspicion. The reactionary newspapers ceased not to attack us. The large electric signboard over the Baptist tabernacle in

Petrograd, "God Is Love," was ordered to be removed, as well as the name of our tabernacle, "The Dom Evangelia" (the Gospel House).

These accusations against Evangelical people were the sign of a permanent fanaticism that would be a bad prospect for religious liberty and freedom of conscience in Russia. Happily, there are indications that this oppression is a temporary feeling on the part of the hierarchy of Russia, and that the new regime will produce the remedy.

HOPE FOR THE FUTVRE The ten Virgins-the personification of the Christian Church, both true and false-slumbered and slept only during a limited period. When the hour of the Bridegroom's coming approached, there came an awakening from sleep and a preparation for the great event. ALL the Virgins arose and trimmed their lamps (Matt. 25: 7). "The Awakening," witnessed by Savonarola in Italy, John Wycliffe in Great Britain, John Hus in Austria-Hungary, Martin Luther in Germany, and the Huguenots in France, was only the beginning. The successive centuries have been its continuation, and the culmination is not yet, but we believe that it is approaching. Some lands have felt the influence of the awakening but the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic countries of Europe are now approaching the time of crisis. It seems the next great revival is to come among the Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Servians, Bulgarians, Slovaks, Kroatians, Ruthenians, Poles and Russians, who have not yet had their day of a spiritual awakening.

We have strong hope for the people of Russia who have been called the "Bogonosets"-the carriers within them of God-and whose country is "Svyataya Russ"-the Holy Russia. The great purpose of the masses of Russian people seems to me to have been to find God. We see this in the dark subterranean passages of the great monasteries, where earnest monks have slept on naked wet ground and have risen long before the sun to pray and to weep about their sins. We notice it in the thousands and thousands of churches, scattered over the great Empire, where great and small, rich and poor, high and low-the General of the army in his purple uniform by the side of a poor Mouzik (peasant) -bend their heads to the very floor before the Holy Ikons (images of saints) and cross themselves devoutly. In the Grand Cathedral of Kasan at Petrograd, I have seen little girls from eight to twelve years of age come into the church with their three- or four-year-old brothers and sisters and approach the picture of Mary and other Ikons to worship. In the Greek Church candles are placed on a large candlestick before these Ikons, and the greater the saint is the greater will be the number of candles before his image. The candles are bought from church servants at the entrance and are lighted and placed before the Ikons, after which the worshippers kiss the holy pictures. The older girls stand on tiptoe to kiss the Ikon and then lift up the little brothers or sisters, saying: "Kiss him, kiss him. . . ."

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Reverence for the very church buildings is everywhere evident. As the droshky passes a church, the driver, as a rule, takes off his broad Russian cap and crosses himself devoutly. He does not think, however, of the incongruity between this and extortioning from his passenger two or three times the legal fare. This inconsistency between the outward religion and Christian practice is seen at every step, and shows that while the Russians may be a God-seeking people, they have not yet found Him.

The many classes of people in Russia are all seeking God, each in their own way. Even the atheists are marked by a religious atheism. The spiritualists of Russia are not merely seeking to commune with spirits of the dead, but are seeking a living God. The well-known leader of Russian spiritualists, whom I know personally, and who visited our Evangelical meetings, used to go every day from his printing and publishing house to worship in the Great Church of Christ the Saviour, and at night would officiate at the spiritualistic seances. Since then he has found true solace in God.

THE SOLUTION OF RUSSIA'S PROBLEMS Wonderful news has lately come from Russia. If a little more than a year ago anyone would have suggested such a development as has come in the overthrow of the Czar, he would have been looked upon as insane. N ow, however, it seems that the great problems of Russia may be solved. The three problems which have been the most prominent in Russia are the following: The Jewish question, the Polish question and the Sectarian question.

First, then, the JEWS. If any people in Russia have known what it means to be deprived of equal rights with other fellowmen and of personal liberty, they have been the Jews of Russia. ~hey were not free in the choice of their residence. Only a small percentage have been allowed to enter universities and high schools. Few have suffered so much on account of the war as have the Jews. In Poland and Galicia they have been driven from place to place at every approach of the enemy, with the loss of their property, starving, freezing, despised. With tears on their faces and bleeding hearts, with their little children pitifully crying by their side or in their arms, they have been wandering on and on, not knowing where to lay their heads, nor where to get the next piece of bread. But there is no darkest night which is not followed by a dawn. Now have come the promises of the abolition of restricted residences, and the granting of a free Poland and other privileges. Nothing could be more welcome in Russia than the placing of Jews on the same footing with every other citizen.

The Pou<;s. The treatment of the Poles during the last few years has been rigid and harsh. Before the war their language was not permitted in schools or official life. Their schools were conducted under great restrictions and their very national existence was threatened.

After the war was begun, however, His Excellency, the Prime Minister, Ivan Loginovitch Goremykin, declared before the Imperial Duma (August 2, 1915) that at present Poland is awaiting the freeing of her lands from the heavy yoke, and that at the end of the war Poland is to have the right of freely building up her national, educational and financial life on the principles of an autonomy under the Rulers of Russia and with the preserving of a United Empire.

The Poles deserve to have more liberty. They are an able people, more quick to comprehend than the average Russian. Warsaw is the most beautiful of all the cities of Russia. Should the Poles be treated better, as we can now safely expect, should they be trusted more and permitted to carry out their national cravings, we do not doubt that under the sceptre of the Russian Emperors they might prove themselves among the most loyal and law-abiding citizens of Russia.

The Ruthenians, Little Russians, or Ukranians, as they are also called, number several millions. They are naturally endowed with great musical and poetical tendencies, and early exhibited noble aspira. tions towards higher ideals. Out of the blood-bespattered soil of Galicia and Little Russia, the Ukranian people are also lifting up their heads and opening their eyes towards a brighter future.

The SECTARIANS. Small and weak, chiefly uneducated and poor, taking their roots mainly in the peasant and laboring classes of Russia, the so-called Sectarians have sprung up. Their name, which was intended for reproach, has become a name of honor and synonymous with honesty, sobriety, temperance and thrift. Royal princes, generals, admirals, members of the State Council and of the Duma, and Ministers of State have been glad to avail themselves of the services of the faithful Sectarians. These servants preach, first by their lives, and that opens the opportunity for them to preach by their tongue with authority. A prominent military professor of high rank in the Russian army, who cared neither for God nor the Bible, having been disgusted at the way he had been treated by other servants, applied to my office for a cook. We recommended a humble woman, but one who knew her Saviour and the Bible. She went to the professor's house where she worked well and then talked well. The professor's wife began to enjoy the fellowship of the poor Sectarian woman more than the society of noble ladies, and the military professor himself became greatly interested. The man and his wife asked the servant about God, about her personal Saviour, and His death on the Cross for sinners. Not many weeks passed by, when the professor and the lady came with their cook to the tabernacle, and there listened to the Gospel. When other worshippers went on their knees to pray to God, the high official was not ashamed to bend his knees also in earnest prayer.

Millions of people do not understand a new doctrine, but they understand a new life. Nothing is a more sure proof of true Christianity than its power to change the lives of men. Here the conflict begins.

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From this point of view, the Russian Sectarians have been hated and persecuted by such representatives of the so-called Christianity.

We believe that the solution of the Evangelical problem is now close at hand. Light must conquer. Among the Russian statesmen are men with high moral feelings, grounded in the principle of right. They are bound to see the mistaken policy of persecuting God-fearing peo- AT THE DEBT.PAYING FESTIVAL IN PASTOR FETLER'S TABERNACLE, PETROGRAD pIe like the Russian Sectarians. Already there are arising Russian Church dignitaries who do not fear to raise their voices for liberty of conscience. The Bishop Andrew, of U fa, has spoken for religious liberty in the State Church and in the nation. Nikon, the wellknown Bishop in Siberia, who is also a member of the Duma, sent a letter to the Russian Press, advocating full tolerance in matters of nationality and religion. In the province of Kursk, village Soltsevo, the provincial governor Katenin permitted the Baptist Church to open their own house of prayer. The clergy of the diocese discussed this terrible matter and decided to request of the Government to close the church. The decision of the priests was submitted for support to the Archbishop Tihon, who, however, refused to support the proposition. Similar voices from various parts of Russia are like solitary spring birds, an· nouncing the end of winter. The number of these voices is increasing. Let us hope that soon the dales and hills of Russia will resound with great choruses of the songsters of Liberty, of Love, of Light.

11111111111111 11111111 III I

THE MISSION KINDERGARTEN This is the MISSION KINDERGARTEN This is the CHILD WHO WENT to the -Mission Kindergarten.

This is the MOTHER WON BY THE CHILD Who went to the Mission Kindergarten.

This is the FAMILY, HOSTILE NO MORE, Because of the mother won by the child Who went to the ~ion Kindergarten.

This is the STREET WITH NEIGHBORS GALORE Who watched the family, hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child Who went to the Mission Kindergarten.

This is the CHAPEL W»ERE GATHERS A THRONG Of people who listen to sermon and song 1_IINI~.And come from the street of neighbors galore, ~ Who watched the family, hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child Who went to the Mission Kindergarten.

11 11111111111: II 11111111111 I From The Missionary Voice-A poster prepared for the American Baptist FORign Mission Society

Drive of the Tithing~System*

BY BERT WILSON, CINCINNATI, OHIO Secretary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society M OST churches are looking for some panacea to cure their finan- cial ills and almost any feasible plan will eagerly be seized upon by despairing church boards. Many plan to inaugurate the tithing system, for testimonies are so overwhelmingly conclusive that the tithing system will produce the money, that short-sighted preachers and churches may hastily try it. Their reasoning will be about as follows: "Other plans have not produced the money; we need the money. The tithing system will produce the money; we will inaugurate the tithing system in order to get the money." Thus the main point is missed entirely.

WHAT THE MAIN PURPOSE OF TITHING IS NOT I. It is not to get money to payoff church debts, nor to pay last year's deficit, nor to pay interest on' money borrowed at the bank, nor to pay the preacher's back salary. If any such selfish low motive is presented as a reason for starting the tithing system the members wil1 resent it from the start. The whole program should be put on a higher plane.

2. It is not merely a substitute for other worn out methods of at- tempting to raise money. To start out with the attitude, "We've tried everything else, let's try this for a while," defeats the thing before it starts.

3. It is not a cure-all to cure the many ills of the church. Someone reads a tract or hears a testimony of a church wonderfully blessed by tithing. He quickly concludes to rush into the plan with visions of a full church treasury. The committee talks money, the preacher talks money, the board talks money. Money is emphasized out of necessity, because of the stupidity and negligence of the past.

4. Primarily and fundamentally the main drive is not for money at all. To start the tithing system on such a low basis is to doom it in advance. The Church has been waiting for one hundred years to be taught a spiritual motive for giving. The time has come for the Church to launch a systematic campaign, teaching the high motives and purposes of systematic stewardship; these purposes and motives to become life principles among Christian people, financially expressed by religiously giving at least the tithe to the work of the Lord.

WHAT IS THE ;1AIN MOTIVE IN TITHING?

I. It is to teach men to put God and the church first. With most professing Christians self, home, business, pleasure come first. After * From a chapter from an excellent forthcoming book on "Tithing."-EDlToR.

time, attention, energy and money have been given to other things, if there be any left the Church may get it. The Church takes the last place instead of first. The main drive, therefore, must be to REVERSE THE ORDER. When a man is asked to become a tither, he is asked to establish as a life principle the habit of putting God first. This, of course, gets the tithe, but it does vas~ly more, it gets the tither. It creates a new race of Christians who put God and His Church where they rightfully belong-FIRsT.

2. To teach men to recognize and acknowledge God's ownership. God owns the property, land, money and income which we call our own. It is God's world. The gold and the silver belong to Him. This point many church members do not and will not recognize, much less acknowledge. Here the tithing system is vital. The teaching is that at least the tithe in a special sense belongs to God. We therefore do not ask a man to tithe to pay the preacher, or the debt, but we ask him to pay to God what already belongs to Him. If a Christian will recognize God's ownership of the tithe, he will recognize God's ownership of all. He renders unto God the things which belong to God.

3. To teach men that God's minimum ratio of giving is the tenth. On this point much teaching is necessary. Some have given when they felt like it, and most of the time they don't feel like it. Others give what fathers and grandfathers gave. Others give as little as possible and still maintain a semblance of religious self-respect. Some give less than one per cent.; some five per cent. But God's ratio through the ages has never been less than one tenth. The tithe, as a minimum, therefore, has had the Divine sanction and should be recognized by every follower of Christ as the ratio which God himself has established and expects us to pay. The exception to this rule 'is the man who has been exceptionally prosperous, who should give very much more than the tithe.

4. To teach that tithing is an act of worship. Someone has said that worship is self-giving to God. A man's money is a part of himself, his brain, his brawn, his energy. When he gives money he gives a part of himself back to God. His tithe is not merely answering a temporary financial call; it is given as an act of worship of his God. He goes to the Lord's house on the Lord's day, he mingles with the Lord's people, he partakes of the Lord's supper, and he puts into the Lord's treasury the Lord's money. It is a supreme act of worship. Now, if a campaign on the tithing system is put upon this high plane, the money will come, to be sure, but a greater result will follow. The whole church will be lifted. Out of selfish, negligent, self-satisfied churches can be made real churches of Jesus Christ. THE MA1N DR1VE, therefore, is to secure, not the tithe, but the tither; not the gift, but the giver; not the money, but the man j not the possession, but the possessor.

A Korean Church at

An Account oflAndong Colportage and Its Results BY REV. JOHN Y. CROTHERS, ANDONG, CHOSEN T HE difference between Andong colportage and th~ ordinary kind is that it is done voluntarily by the whole church as a regular part of its work. Elsewhere individuals act as voluntary colporteurs and where other churches have done voluntary colportage it has been only spasmodically.

When the Andong station was opened by the Presbyterian Mission six years ago there were already many country groups which had been attached to Taiku. Whenever the missionary visited a group he was met with the plea: "Do send us a colporteur to work in our vicinity. We are so weak." The word "colporteur" in Korean meant "writing-seller" so the missionary replied: "The writing-seller is different from a preacher. He is to go and sell God's Word far from any churches. You ought to be writing-sellers to all near-by." Still, nothing systematic was done until the fall of 1913, after the attractive half-cent gospels had been printed. At a meeting of the officers of the church in the fall of 1913, the Korean pastor remarked that the zeal of Christians for preaching needed to be stirred up. A plan was therefore adopted to stir up their zeal, which led several churches to "provoke one another to good works." A contest was arranged to see which church could do best in each of three different lines: 1. Preaching by word of mouth. 2. Gospel selling. 3. Bringing in new believers.

To give the small church a fair chance everything was to be on a per capita basis. A church of 200 members would thus have to do more than ten times as much to win as would a church of 20 members. A church's standing was estimated by taking the number on the roll June 1st, the previous year divided into the total sales reported in May. Thus if the above church of 200 had sold 100 gospels in the year, the standing would be one-half per member, and that of the church of 20 would be five per member.

'Banners made by the Koreans were awarded to the best churches in each unordained preacher's circuit. One church might get all three banners, or they might go to different churches. These banners are held for one year only, if the church does not remain the best in the

circuit. In each church reports are received from individuals weekly or monthly, but all churches report once a year to the general officers' class.

In our annual s,tatistics we ask: "To how many have you preached? How many Gospels or other Scriptute portions have you sold? How many new believers in the church?" Our idea is that each Christian shall feel his duty to preach, to live and to distribute God's Word, and do it. He is not to wait till he receives a salary as evangelist before he preaches, neither should he wait to receive a salary as colporteur before he goes to work. "Preaching" is doing personal work.

The results in sales of Scriptures have been 10,000 volumes the first year, 11,000 the second and 12,IOO the third. This is more than our paid colporteurs have sold in that time. In addition to this, the station of Taiku worked the plan last year and reported 7,000 sales. The Bible Society pays its colporteurs their travel expenses, a salary and a commission, and allows the churches the same commission as the colporteurs, but the churches receive no salary or travel expenses. Taking the country as a whole, it cost them $437 to sell 10,000 volumes our first year. Then they entered on a campaign to increase the efficiency of their colporteurs, so that the next year it cost them only $260 to sell 11,000 volumes, and the next year $283 to sell 12,100 volumes. In these three years our plan saved the Bible Society in travel and salaries the sum of $867. This financial gain is the smallest part of it. By this plan sales are less apt to be forced. When a man's living depends on his maintaining a high average of sales per month, he is not always careful how the sale is accomplished. Once in another province I went on an evangelistic tour with two helpers, being preceded a few days by four colporteurs who sold 1,000 gospels each in two weeks. We found that instead of opening the door to the preaching of the Gospel, they had rather closed it. People were angry because the colporteurs had forced on them books they did not want, and had taken away grain they did want, for few books are sold for cash. Our church people do not have their salaries at stake, and they generally do their own follow-up work, which also makes them more careful how they make sales. If a colporteur is to keep up a high average of sales., manifestly he cannot continue to go to the same villages again and again. One colporteur, on being urged to go to a certain town where we wanted to found a church, said: "No use to go there again, I sold books at every house in the town." But our people, being interested as much in the number of people preached to as in the number of books sold, and even more interested in the number of new believers won, went into this town and in two months founded a church, selling many scores of gospels in nearby homes. This new church itself took the banner for selling the most books per capita of any church in that helper's circuit this year.

Our problem is not how to sell the most gospels, but how to sell

A KOREAN CHURCH AT WORK

gospels so as to win the most souls, and build up the most active churches. Much paid colportage is done on the idea of the English soldier who was tiring rapidly without aim, when his officer objected that his ammunition was not accomplishing anything. "I don't care, it's getting away from here, anyway," he replied.

Many Christians do not know enough yet to do very effective preaching, but even those new in the faith can sell a gospel. At first they had the idea that only church officers or believers of long standing should be asked to sell gospels, but our banner church this year, which sold 100 gospels per member, was not over two years old. In a certain town our volunteer colporteurs began preaching the first of December. By the end of the month some had believed. In February six came to our Men's Bible Class and cut off their hair as a sign of becoming Christians, and bought sixty gospels and some testaments to take home and sell to unbelievers. They sold them, too, and sent back several times for more.

One Sunday I spent in the leading church of our banner district. The primary class of the Sunday-school had a different lesson from the rest of the school and their answers on review were the quickest I ever heard from any primary class. The boys answered in chorus, and even on the girls' side of the dividing curtain more than one voice was heard in answer to nearly every question. The lesson had been about David and Goliath and they knew it perfectly, but it was the application the leader made that interested me most.

"What are we?" "Little Davids." "Who are the older brothers like Eliab?" "The fathers and elders." "Who is Goliath?" "The Devil." "What must we take in our hands?" "A staff." "What kind of a staff?" "A strong, heavy staff." (This from a boy.) "N0, a staff of faith. Vhat must we take in our sling?" They did not know, so he told them. "We must take the penny gospels, and when the fathers and elders of the church fail to preach we can go to a man or woman and say, 'Buy a gospel,' and thus slay many a Goliath."

Often the school children are. the most enthusiastic sellers. One school boy sold thirty-five gospels in one-half day.

The leader of a small church was concerned that his own church was doing so little to make God's Word known and asked his church helper to bring out seventy-five gospels. When they came he passed out fifteen to other members of the church to sell and took sixty as his own share. Rising before daybreak, he first knelt in prayer, and with his gospels and a sack on his back to receive grain as the price of the gospels, he started out. The neighbors were still asleep, and none too pleased to be wakened so early, but he overcame their remonstrances and sold the whole sixty that morning before breakfast.

On most itinerating trips the missionary takes along a supply of gospels and testaments to sell. Some of them are pure Korean, and some are half Chinese, for the use of the more educated. On one of this spring's trips when we came to the Red Creek church, the last on the trip, only the part Chinese gospels were left. The mother of the leader was much disappointed. Her husband and son make earthen- ware vessels and she peddles them, carrying them on her head. Also she goes out collecting money, for they do not always sell for cash. On her peddling or collecting trips she takes along gospels to sell to the women. She did not feel it was right for her to sell her own jars, and not sell God's Word. "Do hurry up and send the Korean gospels, for you know on the inside quarters (women's) they do not read Chinese," she urged. The helper supplied her on his next trip. We generally ask candidates for baptism: "Have you sold any gospels?". and rarely do we get a negative.

The quality of the native leadership is an important factor in the success of the plan. In three years the banner for the most books sold has followed the same helper, though he changed circuits twice. One spring he reported that he had taken six men of one church off to a mountain valley thirteen miles away for a week's preaching, though none of them wanted to go. They took along 600 gospels to sell and the men felt sure they could never sell them, but they sold the whole 600 and marched home in high spirits, singing the whole way, so that the non-Christians said, "What is this? Here these Christians have been asleep for two years and have waked up. Something is going to happen."

This year the churches decided they would have a definite goal: That each Christian should win one new believer in the year; that each man should sell two gospels per month and each woman one gospel; that each Christian should preach to one person per day. Some will do less, some more, but this is the goal. Each year some churches have done this well. One church last year grew from 20 to 84 in membership, and sold 100 gospels per member. Another sold 95 per member. Our records show that they have to preach about 600 times and sell 30 gospels for every new believer won. The idea that Koreans are particularly anxious for the Gospel and respond quickly to it, is certainly not true in our territory. That we have any additions to the church is an evidence rather of the zeal of church members for preaching. If as much personal work were done in America as here, results there would be astonishing.

Our work might be compared to the Pocket Testament League, with the difference that a man generally has serious thoughts of believing before he b~lYS a testament, and many of our people carry several gospels in their pockets, one for their own use, the others to sell. With such seed sowing there will surely be a harvest. Let the church in America pray earnestly to the Lord that it may safely be gathered.

WOMEN AT THE RIVER

Things As They Are in Bulgaria BY MISS INEZ L. ABBOTT, SAMOKOV, BULGARIA "M Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Board ARIKA, you have disgraced your mother and your family, now that they know at the Girls' School that you took that chain. You are no longer a daughter of mine. Go from this home, and never set foot in it again. Mayall the evil things you deserve overtake you. Go!"

The mother who said this was the sister-in-law of a priest of the National Pravo-Slav (Orthodox) Church of the country. She was as

well posted as the average Bulgarian mother on the common method of applying Christian principles in her family. She cursed her daughter, not for her sin, but for allowing it to be discovered. This was the unbearable disgrace.

The national church of Bulgaria has served a purpose in making that energetic, progressive people what they are; but that purpose has been almost exclusively political, not moral and spiritual. During centuries of Bulgaria's slavery to Turkey, this national church kept alive the fire of national consciousness until it increased enough to burst forth into independence.

The Bulgarian has therefore come to feel that any disloyalty to his national church means disloyalty to his nation. Mr. Henry N. Brailsford, an authority on ethnic problems in the Balkan Peninsula, says: "The attachment of the Bulgarian peasant for the National Orthodox Church is not so much due to the religious instincts of the peasant as to his political conditions, which explain his passionate attachment to his church and the great part which it plays in his existence. His fidelity to his church has been through five centuries one continuous martyrdom. He has remained true to it, not merely from a reasoned or traditional faith in its tenets, but simply because apostasy involved a foreswearing of his nationality and a treason to the cause of his own race. "

The religion of the national church in Bulgaria makes many of the people punctilious in church attendance on Sundays and holidays and in the performance of their religious rites and ceremonies. But after a Bulgarian has listened to the reading of the service by the priest in Old Slavic (which he doesn't understand), has crossed himself repeatedly, has bowed before the pictures, which are used in place of images, has lighted and burned his candles and repeated the prescribed prayers in the prescribed form, he feels perfectly free to go "out into the world," to deceive his neighbor or his child, and take what does not belong to him. Few Bulgarian laymen have ever read the Bible, and only a small proportion of the priests are familiar with it.

Unfortunately, the national church is not a corrective and an upbuilding force. Another reason for the unsatisfactory state of society is that Turkish serfdom, during nearly five centuries, trained these people, as a matter of self-preservation, to deceive wherever possible. The other nations of Europe that have had ambitions in the Balkan Peninsula must share in the responsibility for this condition. They have all given Bulgaria an example of selfishness in their dealings with the Balkans, and it is not surprising to find that the idea of serving the community for the good of the community is still in its infancy in Bulgaria.

Another condition in Bulgaria still more grievous is the general prevalence of atheism among the youth. The older people, mostly unschooled, have accepted without question the dictates of an ignorant

I9 I 7] THINGS AS THEY ARE IN BULGARIA

priesthood. But the present generation of school boys and school girls in the national gymnasia (high schools) and in the University are constantly demanding proof for whatever they are taught. They find few examples worthy of emulation in their parents and older relations and in the priesthood. Hence the students will reject the faith of their parents and discard the rites and teachings of the Church, while they cling to the organization as a national institution.

TYPES OF BULGARIAN PEASANTS-BERRY PICKERS In a general way, the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church is the same in all the Balkan States, with differences in its expression due to differences in national temperament, character and history.

Mr. W. S. Monroe, in "Bulgaria and Her People," undoubtedly the best book thus far published about Bulgaria, gives some recent information on the status of the Eastern Orthodox Church: "Europeans who have worked in the hospitals in the Balkan Peninsula have noted the manifest indifference of the orthodox clergy toward the sick and the wounded. A foreigner who served as a nurse in one of the BalKan wars related to the author the fact that there was an orthodox priest connected with his contingent of the army, but that he never visited the suffering soldiers unless called upon to render official service. If patients wished to confess he was always ready to hear their confessions. If they died, he was on hand to conduct the burial service.

But he seldom, if ever, visited the hospital voluntarily to offer religious consolation or render humanitarian aid."

"The only concern the clergy displayed in our patients," says Mr. Brailsford of the 1904 British Relief Fund, "was a very keen anxiety lest we should encourage these miserable creatures, in need of every attention and nourishment, to break the terribly severe fasts which the orthodox church imposes for thirty days before Christmas as well as during Lent."

In Bulgaria the American Board established missionary work south of the Balkan Mountains fifty-eight years ago, on the recommendation of some of its missionaries in Constantinople. Later the Methodist Board began missionary work here north of the Balkans. The work of the American Board was extended southward among the Bulgarians of Macedonia, and in 1908 it began a work of unique interest among the Albanians.

The Bulgarians have proved themselves worthy of the confidence which the Constantinople missionaries placed in them more than half a century ago. They have shown themselves to be progressive, constantly reaching out for what they consider best. They are patient, stolid, persevering and persistent, being able to keep a "fixed idea" in mind for years, until they finally do what has been so long desired. They are hospitable, industrious and practical. Although they are extremely individualistic, they are not boasters, but doers, performing their tasks quietly and intelligently. They have wonderful recuperative powers, as was proved after the recent Balkan wars. Foreigners, visiting the country then for the first time, could hardly realize that the people had suffered so severely. Is it any wonder, then, that with such characteristics the world has been amazed at the way in which the Bulgarians have expressed themselves, nationally and individually, during the last thirty-eight years, since the Treaty of Berlin largely freed them from five hundred years of the Turkish oppression? (It was not till October, 1908, that the country became entirely independent of Turkey.) Theodore Roosevelt, in an article in The Outlook in the fall of 1912, said that no other nation in the world had traveled so far and so fast in the last third of a century as had Bulgaria.

While the Bulgarian government is a constitutional monarchy, the fundamental principles of its constitution spell democracy and progress. These principles are: "( I) separation of governmental authorities into legislative, executive and judicial; (2) perfect equality of citizens as regards civil and political rights; (3) inviolability of person, residence, property and correspondence; (4) liberty of conscience, press and public meetings; (5) direct and secret universal manhood suffrage, and (6) local self-government." * In their larger cities to-day one will find good buildings, paved * Will S. Monroe, " Bulgaria and Her People."

BEFORE THE WAR-A SCENE IN THESAMOKOV

streets, electric lights, telephones, automobiles, and even Paris fashions, which are displayed in some of the shop windows. The slum districts, however, which make European and American cities blush, are conspicuous by their absence. In the whole country there are but few rich people and few paupers. The country has twelve hundred miles of railroad, all under state control, since it was constructed at state expense. More is under construction, and still more is projected.

The land system, which is far superior to that of. England and some other countries of Europe, permits each peasant to own and absolutely control his own land. "There. are one hundred thousand farmers in Bulgaria with farms of two and a half acres, and less than one hundred farmers with more than seven hundred acres." Though some of the roads are very poor, there are some excellent public highways in the country. The one between Sofia and Samokov is one of the finest mountain roads in Europe.

Education is a national passion, which found a way to express itself, even before Bulgaria became independent. During centuries they were under the domination of the Ottoman Empire; the Bulgarians were also under the spiritual supremacy of the Greek Church. A foreign language was forced upon them, not only for their church services, but for their schools. These were cloister schools, and were not for the peasants, who were almost universally denied an education during Turkish dominion. But in spite of great difficulties, including persecutions and executions, Bulgarian private schools kept springing up, with their own curricula and supported by private subscription.

Dr. Elias Riggs, the American missionary, made a tour of Bulgaria in 1859, and visited a school in Sofia attended by four hundred boys and another for girls with an attendance of one hundred and twenty. "It is an interesting fact to notice," he writes, "that the Bulgarians do not limit their laudable endeavors for education to boys alone. This is a striking indication that they are training themselves to give the right place to women, even at the very beginning of their educational system." Dr. Riggs found other similar schools, and pays a high compliment to the Bulgarian teachers, whom he found to be "men with gentlemanly manners, making great self-sacrifices and working without hope of financial returns."

The more intelligent Bulgarians have made an idol of learning. They have said that it was the one thing they needed, and would transform life and purify the heart. Bulgaria spends twice as much per capita on education as the Serbians, two and a half times as much as the Greeks, and three times as much as the Montenegrins. Twenty-five years ago the government acquired absolute control of the schools of the country, and to-day illiteracy, which was so general a generation ago, is practically unknown except among older people. When the army was organized in 1878 ninety per cent of the soldiers were illiterate. In the Balkan wars of 1912-13 only five per cent were illiterate. The mental acumen

AS THEY ARE IN

of the Bulgarian student is remarkable. It is not unusual for the children of parents who cannot read and write to attend European and American universities and carry off all scholastic honors from the children of parents who have come from generations of education and culture.

But learning is not transforming life and purifying the heart as so many have dreamed that it would. The reason is that moral and spiritual training is practically unknown in the Bulgarian school system. The national school teacher conducts the recitation, but he rarely feels any further responsibility for the child. The best element in Bulgarian society is to-day truly alarmed over conditions resulting from this lack of training.

The only remedy is Christian education. The country is crying out for it without understanding the meaning of its cry. Many parents bring their children to mission schools because they want them to be like former pupils they have known. They seek the results, little realizing what the process is that brings the results. Mr. W. W. Peet, who has for long years been treasurer of the American Board for all its missions in Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula, a statesman, diplomat and prophet as to affairs in the Near East, wrote a letter to the principal of the girls' school at Samokov, in which he said: "I was deeply impressed, when at Samokov, with the call of an awakened East for that which has made the West strong and forceful. If the mission can answer this call, and interpret to them the message which it brings, we will do well. Our Christian schools are alone able to answer the need and to give the message. Let us give a Christian education. This is thei r great lack."

Since the Bulgarian people are so indifferent to spiritual things and so eager for an education, they can best be approached through the educational avenue. Both the evangelistic department of the mission work and the publication department have rendered a real service to the country. But Christian educational work with young people is the most effective way of reaching them.

Until recently the Bulgarian mind has not been convinced that the missionary's motive is altruistic. With no examples of altruism before him, the Bulgarian cannot readily conceive of people coming to his country and spending money and their lives .for him, unless they have some selfish motive. But the consecrated lives of the missionaries for more than half a century found their reward in the Balkan wars, when such countless opportunities were offered for an expression of practical Christianity. The old handicap has now nearly disappeared.

Another difficulty that stands in the way of large numerical results is a feeling on the part of this adolescent people that they can work out their own -salvation unaided. But this nation is sincere in its desire for the best; and the fact that is has not eagerly grasped after the missionary's panacea for its shortcomings is no reason for discouragement.

The greatest difficulty to-day that stands in the way of answering Bulgaria's call is lack of funds. The mission of the American Board, at its annual meeting one year ago, decided to move its girls' school from Samokov to Sofia, as soon as funds can be secured for such a move. The boys' school will also probably be moved later. The Bulgarians want the schools at the capital. A national Assemblyman, whose counsels have been much respected not only at home, but in other European countries, where he has represented Bulgaria on various occasions, has spoken emphatically of the great desirability of having a large, wellequipped American Christian school located at the very center of the nation's thought and life.

The call of the hour, therefore, is for money with which to establish in Sofia a Christian gymnasium (high school), such that it can com· mand the respect of the nation, which is spending such enormous sums on its school buildings and school equipment. The missionaries' aim is to give to the youth of Bulgaria a vision of Christ as a personal Saviour, first and foremost, but we want them also to see Him as the great Teacher, and as One who bids them go forth to serve the world as He served it. They must become Christian teachers, leaders in child welfare work, sanitary reformers and nurses.

Can we really help the Bulgarians to catch such a vision? We believe that we can. They know now that our motives are altruistic; they appreciate as never before what we have tried to do for them; they want us to do more. A little more than a year ago the principal of the girls' school at Samokov received a document from the Ministry of Education, which expressed appreciation of the work of the mission school, and concluded by saying that when we broaden our activities, and procure modern equipment, laboratory apparatus, libraries, etc., we will both enhance the educational side of our work and will increase still more the gratitude of the Bulgarian nation.

Bulgaria is calling loudly for men and women of the deepest consecration, the keenest intellectual calibre and the broadest sympathies. It demands men and women who can see national needs and catch the national spirit sympathetically. . Young missionaries going to Bulgaria at the close of the war will undoubtedly have a share in the evangelization of the other Balkan States, which thus far have permitted mission work only in places where it was already established before the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) brought them under Bulgarian jurisdiction. The long-cherished dream of our missionaries and far-sighted Bulgarian evangelical Christians seems about to be realized. A letter from one of the Bulgarian pastors, dated February 17, 1916, says: "A glorious future awaits our dear country. Grand opportunities we shall also have to preach the Gospel throughout the greater part of the Balkan Peninsula; and we should pray for and expect great revivals in Bulgaria and • Macedonia. God bless our people and crown His work in the Balkan Peninsula with signal success."

CULTURE AT CANYON FALLS

Modern Methods Invading the Mountains BY MRS. C. S. EVERTS, GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI A T Canyon Falls, in the Kentucky Mountains, is a mission, for- merly of the Soul Winner Society, founded by Rev. Edward O. Guerrant, and now maintained by the Executive Committee of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. Twenty years ago, and again last winter I spent several months there, and was impressed by the great improvement, not only in the schools and related organizations, but even more in the home life.

A helpful factor in the results accomplished is the Mothers' Club, organized August, 19 14, with five members, which has grown to thirtyfive, with a regular attendance of from ten to twenty. It is so unusual, in the untouched mountain sections, for anyone to be interested in a woman and to try to give her pleasure and help, that the appreciation of these meetings is pathetic. One woman said, "my man growled 'cause I went to the meetin's, but I told him he went whar he pleased, if hit didn't do him no good; and I aimed to go, fer hit did do me good and the hull family, too."

On my first visit I was pained by the lack of ambition, the look of. hopelessness on the faces of the women. But their expression is changing! Cheerfulness, hope and ambition are clearly shown, and these qualities in time will assume more and more tangible form in the homes.

It is difficult to describe the isolated lives of most of these mountain women. They rear large families, do the milking, "chores," gardening and much of the regular farm work. Two members of the Mothers' Club, cousins, had not seen each other for twenty years, though their homes are only four miles apart. One lives at "the head of the crick," the other "fur down the crick." Their lives after marriage had become so filled with hard work that even "big meetings" failed to take them from home, until the novelty of the mothers' meetings attracted them, and the news of what the members were doing induced them to attend. N ow they are among the most interested members.

MEMBERS Of THE MOTHERS' CLUB AT CANYO" FALLS The members of the club have pieced and quilted three quilts, and are now making rag rugs. From the sale of these will be purchased a stereopticon for the pleasure and benefit of the school and community.

A new feature of the school's annual Field Day Exercises last Oc· tober was a small exhibit of the handiwork of some of the pupils and members of the Mothers' Club-an embryo neighborhood fair. This so enthused the men that they organized a Farmers' Club, which bids fair to do for the farm what the mothers' association is doing for the homes. These are the only organizations of their kind in Lee County.

The Junior Christian Endeavor Society is training future leaders in church work and the Senior Organized Bible Class of Canyon Falls Sunday-school is exerting a marked influence in the community. A Teacher Training Class is another innovation and includes the older pupils of the day school and some from the Sunday-school, and has no rival in Lee County.

METHODS INVADING THE

Three years ago the day school was carefully graded for the first time. At the close of last session eight pupils were graduated from the grammar grades into high school; and one high school pupil was promoted to the eleventh grade. There were appropriate exercises, and it was a time of great interest to the whole countryside. In addition to the diplomas and certificates of promotion given the pupils at the recent Commencement, six medals were awarded for perfect attendance and punctuality; seventeen Testaments were given for reciting the Child's Catechism, and one Bible presented for perfect recitation of the Shorter Catechism.

ONE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAMILIES AT CANYON FALLS The Bible and the Catechism are regularly taught, and it is most interesting to hear the primary pupils name perfectly the divisions and books of the Bible, recite the Commandments, the Creed, the Beatitudes, numerous Psalms, and many chapters of the Old and New Testaments. "Thy word have I hid in my heart, that I might not sin against Thee." Almost every child in the primary room has learned the Child's Catechism, and four of the older children have recited also the Shorter Catechism. The regular systematic Bible study, conducted by a graduate of the Bible Teachers' Training School, New York, is proving a safeguard to the older pupils against the perverted teachings of ignorant leaders, and is building them up in truth and doctrine.

No recital of bare facts, however, can give an adequate idea of the Heart of the Work! The effect upon the shut-in people of the mountains of the daily personal association with the refined consecrated Christian womanhood of the workers is seen in the new and higher ideals of life and of living, arousing ambition and inspiring to effort :and development.

MARCH OF THE

Suggested by the Preparedness Parade r~ i:;lHEwilplrecpoanrteidnnueesstopapraasds euhnatisl been passing in front of my window since early morning, and the city falls asleep late tonight-a continuous stream of humanity, twenty abreast. Scores, hundreds of bras8 banns, thousands, tens of thousands of marchers. One cannot even count them without recourse to the multiplication table. Life- treasure-inestimable wealth-loved ones are passing.

A rifle shot rings out-no, it doesn't, but suppose it does-a man drops dead. He is somebody'.

friend and brother. Within twelve hours the city. the sta.te and the nation know it and arc hor…

rified by the murder.

If every man and woman in that long proces!<ion were shot dead in his tracks the moment he passed the reviewing stand, shots ringing faster than the ear could distinguish them, men falling faster than their bodies could possibly be removed from befure the ever on-coming multitude, and if the merciless slaughter were kept up from early morning until late at night, every hour, minute and second of the day and evening-and if it were resumed again to-morrow morning and kept up throughout the Sabbath day and if, insatiable, the slaughter began again with Monday's rising sun, continuing -relentlessly throughout the day into the night-the imagination cannot carry the load- all this would not equal the sacrifice of innocent non-combatant life from massacre alone during the past twelve months in Armenia.

The awful waste of life, however, is bu.t the beginning of the tragedy. Again let the procession start, this time composed of widows and orphans who loved their husbands and fathers as we love ourSj widows and children left not only comfortless, but penniless. driven from their homes, robbed of their personal possessions, frequently stripped of their clothing, lacking food-let this second division of the procession begtn on Tuesday morning, a.gain walking twenty abreast-all day Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and Friday and a second Saturday and all day Sunday of the second week the weary march continue. A full nine days of rapid marching would not pass in -review the number of ou.r fellow human being:"> who have been sacri£ced to the sword, famine, pestilence, outrage and deportation in Asia.

The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief is organized to forward funds to save the suffering remnant of these people. Checks may be made payable to Charles R. Crane, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Additional information will gladly be sent upon request.

"Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you do ye even so to them…." "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these My brethren ye did it unto Me."

C. V. V,CKREY.

A POWERFUL APPEAL-From Men and Missions

®~t."-,,B. "E""S'T~'~MUUUB"T""HDVOU"D""S""" " @~O

EDITED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK PREACHING AND TEACHING THROUGH PICTURES SOME one has said that "an ounce of Thus used, the picture was worth a ton picture is worth a ton of talk." This is of talk. Yet without Mr. Vickrey's in- true-sometimes. It depends upon the picture and the way in which it is pre- terpretation it would not have spoken at sented. all for Armenia. Some pictures printed in missionary magazines and books speak in a way that Some pictures make such a strong apis irresistible. Others do not talk at all -at least not for missions. They add peal in themselves that they would seem to the attractiveness of the publication, but do little or nothing for the cause. to need nothing added in the way of ap- Sometimes the fault lies in the picture. More often it is due to the lack of some plication. Yet it is almost always posstriking word of application or interpretation. sible to greatly augment the power of A picture need not be strictly mission- even these by means of an appropriate ary to make a great appeal. A good illustration of this is found in the June, and striking inscription. This is shown 1916, issue of Men and Missions. The frontispiece is a full-page picture of New by the story of Count Zinzendorf and York's Preparedness Parade marching along Fifth Avenue with 125,000 men the Ecce Homo of Sternsberg in the Dusand women in line. I t is a fine picture and exceedingly interesting, but why it seldorf Gallery, beneath which were the should appear in a missionary magazine is a puzzle until one reads "The March words: of Death," by Charles Vernon Vickrey, on the opposite page. Hoc feci pro Ie; * Quid facis pro me? As he sat in his office on the ninth floor of the Metropolitan Building, watching In 1719 the young nobleman, then a the continuous stream of humanity that had been marching past his window, youth under twenty, was sent on a tour twenty abreast, from early morning and would continue to pass without break of foreign travel by his uncle to comuntil the city fell asleep at night, Mr. Vickrey had a vision. Instead of the plete his education and, if possible, wean peaceful paraders of New York City, he seemed to see the hunted hordes of home- him from his devotion to God. But at less, starving Armenians-many times greater in number-being driven to mar- Dusseldorf, as he gazed into the face of tyrdom or exile. the suffering Saviour and read the in- So the picture was printed in Men and Missions. Accompanied by Mr. scription beneath, he was so intensely Vickrey's burning words, it brought to many a fuller realization of the numer- moved that he renewed his determina- ical magnitude of the tragedy and has tion to devote his life to the servIce of resulted in large gifts for relief work. God.

The use of pictures as a means of arousing interest in missions is increas- ing year by year. They have already done good service along this line and they will do more and more. Let us be lavish in the use of them; but let us choose them with care and see to it that they have the largest possible opportunity to make their appeal.

A Great Exhibit of Picture Charts The power of pictures to preach and teach was never more clearly shown than at the General Conference of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church at Saratoga Springs, last May, when the entire be- nevolent work of the denomination was * This have I done for thee; What hast thou done for Me?

demonstrated by means of pictorial played-the Casino in the midst of a charts. beautiful park-added much to the inter- est. It was in itself an object lesson of The idea of telling the story of the the power of God to overthrow eviL work through pictures originated with Not many years ago it was Canfield's the Board of Foreign Missions and there Club House, one of the worst gambling was no thought at first of extending it to hells in America. Here, at the height other lines of work. But the unexpect- of the racing season, men came to make edly large space available at Saratoga led or lose fortunes at the spin of the roulette to invitations being extended to the wheeL But Hughes stopped the gamb- Boards of Home Missions and Church ling, Canfield met with a tragic death in Extension, the Women's Boards and the N ew York City, and the village of Sara- Commission on Finance, to join in the toga bought the club house and turned effort. These various boards were asked its lovely gardens into a public park. to send in their material to the Foreign Board and all the work was done in its Last May, during the General Conferoffices under the general direction of ence, the Methodists secured the use of Doctor S. Earl Taylor with the immedi- the place and made it a center of Chris- tian fellowship and prayer. The magniate supervision of Doctor 1- E. Crow- ficent dining room, where wine once flowed like water, was transformd into ther, then a member of the staff, but now a temporary chapel in which every afterpastor of the First Methodist Church, noon meetings were held-mostly mis·· Seattle. sionary and illustrated by stereopticon slides. Above the platform hung a light- The idea of the charts was to let pic- ed Cross and on the walls were displayed tures tell the story with just enough in great numbers of picture charts. the way of printed matter to explain and interpret them. A great many of the The charts made a great appeal to the charts were merely educational in scope, thousands attending the Conference. At but a large number were inspirational all times during the day crowds of visiand made a great appeaL The Best tors could be seen studying them, note Methods editor, who made two trips to books in hand. Later on, when the dis- Saratoga especial1y to study the display, play was sent to district conferences of confesses to have been deeply moved· bv the Church in turn, the same interest them. One that rr.ade a deep and abid- and enthusiasm was everywhere maniing impression was made up of two fested. large photographs, one of a bright-faced African lad, the other of a wrinkled, vil- Last autumn a new series of charts 0:1 lainous·looking old African chief. They the same order, designed to show the were fine pictures, but there was nothing need and value of Medical Missions, was extraordinary about them-similar ones prepared by the same board under the may be found in almost any missionary direction of Doctor H. F. Sheets, a memmagazine. But the words, "Leave this ber of the staff. These are said to be boy alone and he will become a man like even finer than those shown at Saratoga, this," made them tug at the heart and at the Medical Missionary Conferstrings. ence, held in Battle Creek, Michigan, last November, they won much favorable Most of the charts measured 20 by 28 comment. inches. They were made up of fine large photographs mounted on cardboard of a How to Use Picture Charts pleasing shade of brown with lettering done for the most part in white. Some- This method of teaching and preachtimes one large picture was used alone, ing through pictures is a practical plan but usually there were two or three, and not only for mission boards, but for inin a few instances four, but never mcire dividual societies and churches. The than this. The large size, both of pic- charts herewith given, made upon the tures and printing, made them easy to plan of those used at Saratoga, will study. prove suggestive and illustrate the The building in which they were dis-

WOMAN'S WORK IN JAPAN w

I N 0 N M 0 A N N C C A H R R R I I S E T S I T A H N E L A L N 0 D A S JAPANESE WOMEN D Carrying Fish Aboard a Steamer JAPANESE BIBLE WOMEN READY FOR SERVICE

method. They can be used in the fol- and there are tremendous possibilities in lowing ways: it.

I. The Bulletin Board. If large pic- 6. Sunday Schools and Study Circles. tures and printing are used, charts on Small charts and pictures may be made this order are especially valuable for the on sheets of paper for very effective use diurch bulletin board in the vestibule, in Sunday School classes and Mission where they may be used to teach power- Study groups. ful lessons. The Burden 2. Scrap-books. Everybody loves a picture book, and scrap-books with pages "0 God," I cried, "Yhy may I not forget? made up of picture charts will prove at- These halt and hurt in life's hard battle tractive both to children and grown-ups. Throng me yet. 3. Literature Boxes. In our Novem- Am I their keeper? Only I? To bear ber issue we spoke of the great educa- This constant burden of their grief and care? tional work being done by Mrs. Horace Why must I suffer for the others' sin? Hill, of Minneapolis, through her famous Would God my eyes had never opened literature boxes. Shallow pasteboard boxes such as she uses (hers measure 9 by been!" 12 inches) filled with picture charts would be fine for circulating in Sunday And the Thorn-Crowned and Patient One School classes. Many a person who replied, "They thronged Me, 100. I, 100, would not read a book will look over a haq;e seen.'J box of pictures. "But, Lord, Thy other children go at will," 4. Missionary Programs. As a part of I said, protesting still. a missionary program, picture charts would prove novel and interesting. One "They go, unheeding. But these sick and chart might be prepared for each month sad, during a year and be made a special (though brief) feature of the program. These blind and orphan, yea, and those that Or a number of charts all on one topic sin. or country could be prepared for some one meeting and form a special number Drag at my heart. For them I serve and on the program. We have recently test- groan. ed this latter plan and found it successful. The topic was China, and the Why is it? Let me rest, Lord, 1 have tried." charts were hung on the wall until the time came to speak of them. Then they He turned and looked at me: "But I have were taken down and explained. After- died!" wards they were passed around among the members. "But, Lord, this ceaseless travail of my soul! This stress! This often fruitless toil! 5. Missionary Magazines. We would These souls to win! especially commend this method to the Thev are not mine. I hrought not forth editors of missionary magazines and religious periodicals. It has already been 'this host used, but only to a very limited extent, Of needy creatures, struggling, tempest- tossed- They are not mine."

He looked at them-the look of One divine; He turned and looked at me: "Bllt they are mine!"

"0 God," I said, "I understand at last. Forgive! And henceforth I will bond-slave be To Thy least, weakest, vilest ones; I would not more be free."

He smiled and said: "It is 10 ]I,[e." L. R. M.

~uffrr i4tttlr <l14t111rrn to <ttomr 1Itnto .fllllr

LITTLE RED INDIANS-NAVAJO TRIBE UTILE IN FULL AFRICANS DRESS LITTLE KOREANS GOING TO SUNDAY -SCHOOL "What tho' the flesh be white ,or black or brown? The loving Savior wore for all the thorny crown."

OF MEMORY IN

THY HID WORD IN HAVE MY I HEART MRS. LAW AND DAUGHTER Mrs. Law, the native principal of True Light Presbyterian Seminary, Canton, China, came to this country to attend the commencement of her daughter, Yau T sit Law, at Mt. Holyoke in June, 1916.

SHE CAN REPEAT THE ENTIRE NEW TESTAMENT SEVEN CHINESE GIRLS Who memorized the entire New T eslament and can repeat it from beginning to end.

HOW MUCH OF IT CAN YOU REPEAT;J

FOR CHILDREN IN

A newly erected Baby in the Tower coast prOVInce for depositing of unwanted Chekiang infants THE HEATHEN WAY THE CHRISTIAN WAY Orphanage of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Shanghai

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY SOMETHING NEW Rates will be given on application to denominational boards. One dollar reg- A T the announcement of "something istration fee will be required on applica- new," whether it be along commer- tion for rooms. cial or literary or social or religious lines, the hearer at once becomes an interroga- Question by the Summer School Com- tion point: mittee: What is the new 19 I 7 departure? A Where are you, reader, going to spend new Summer School. your summer vacation?

Where? At Chambersburgh, Pa. "Come with us and we will do thee When? June 28-July 5. gcod."-Mary Clokey Porter, chairma:l, What will be the program? Much 2828 Perrysville avenue, North Side, the same as will be given at Northfield, Pittsburgh, Pa. July 10-17. Who will lecture on the Mission THE CHALLENGE OF A GREAT Study Book? Mrs. Helen B. Montgom- TASK ery. What will be the text-books? For BY BELLE J. ALLEN, M.D. Seniors, "An African Trail"; for Ju- niors, "African Adventurers," both by [In the April Review Dr. Allen's article Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. treated the task of training women in medi- Who are to be in charge of the school? cine and nursing at the proposed college at The Northfield Committee-Mrs. Pea- Vello:~, India, as an undertaking important, body, chairman. promisIng, closed to men, and challenging What prompted the new school? The united effort. This number concludes the large increase in numbers attending the address as given at the Garden City Con- Summer School of Foreign Missions at ference of the Federation.] Northfield last June; as the attendance was too large to admit of any additions WHILE the task may be hopefully in the future, a dividing of forces seemed and confidently undertaken, it is not necessary. A committee was appointed to investigate the twenty places recom- merely to give the women a chance, but mended. The decision was in favor of because "the woman's cause is man's, Wilson College, Chambersburgh, Pa., they rise or sink together," and this for five reasons: Beautiful location; dor- makes it a justifiable missionary task. mitory to accommodate from three to four hundred; large auditorium; reason- The promoters of this Union Medical able rates, and easy accessibility from all College for Women believe that this parts of Pennsylvania, so·uthern New great task will make a tremendous con- York, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, tribu tion to the social uplift of India; District of Columbia and Southern that it will more quickly and more effect- States. ually break the mental shackles, and ef- Eighteen Women's Boards have prom- fect that greatly to be desired change of ised co-operation. mind, so essential to the moulding of our There will be the usual Bible study, womankind to the fuller day. conferences on methods, platform addresses, pageants, together with a fine A neighborless worId knows next to display of literature and special attrac- nothing of the significance of the second tions for the young women's societies great commandment, "love thy neighbor and clubs. as thyself." If the truth be told the Church itself knows little enough-wit- ness the gifts per capita and the propor- tion of membership "not interested" in the need of the world nor the work of the Church outside its own chancel. And scant credit it gives, too, to this witness to a compassionate Christ,-while the medical corps, with its branches of is? "Bear ye one another's burdens and Nursing, Hygiene, Sanitation, Mother- so fulfill the law of Christ."

craft, implanting Home Ideals, Mission The need there is so unspeakable, the Ideals, can modestly claim to be one of crass indifference here is so immeasur- the fittest vehicles for interpreting this able; with waste all around us, and with law of neighborliness. selfishness enshrined not only in our "The body at its best, how far will homes and in our churches, but in our this project the soul upon its way?" individual minds and hearts! We have And the moral no less than the spirit- only to glance at the outpouring abandon ual regeneration of the people is ever the of patriotism to express its real devotion, medical missionary's goal. withholding neither property nor life, to Not alone to the individual-and those realize, with humiliation, what "slack- who have suffered and found relief, alone ers," what shams are masquerading all know what that means-yet more, much about in the guise of religion. It is more, is our great task an enlightenment all ineffaceably disheartening to ponder in the community. In a unique and pe- over, until,-until there comes a fresh culiar way we deal with groups in India, vision of Him, "whom not having seen and through the Mission Hospital Christ we love," which restores and sustains is commended in daily, often in night- in us His own attitude of mind to- long loving kindness and devoted service. wards this selfish, suffering, wayward, High and low caste, rich and poor, men needy world. "If ye have not the Spirit and women, come to learn as John of Christ ye are none of His," said one learned of him by what they see and who saw a great Light one day and in hear done among their own people. consequence underwent a change of mind, To be sure the doctor is kept humble and we, too, to-day, need to see more by learning that the blind who received Light and so from our heart of hearts re- sight, was offended because he did not echo that wonderful prayer to the great receive rupees also; by hearing vitupera- Burden Bearer of the world to teach us tion because she was so unskillful as to how to give a true witness.

bring a da'ughter into the world, when "AFRICAN ADVENTURERS" * the expected son was betrothed and family affairs were all awry-yet— H ERE is a real jungle book in which and yet, bigoted Mohammedans, con- every boy and girl will delight. Miss temptuous Brahmins, complacent Budd- Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, the author of hists and smug Confucianists all unite in Black Sheep and of An African Trail, saying "We have nothing even akin to has written this classic for juniors so full this." And they learn through the un- of color and life and thrills that it transwritten language that words alone often ports one to the African forests. There obscure, that Christianity is not some- one meets most interesting black folk and thing to dispute about, nor to be put off becomes friendly with the two boys and and on like a garment, but a grace to their sister who are the leading characlive by. ters of the story. This book, like all of Miss Mackenzie's books-is indescrib- Yes, the task of the Mission Hospital able. There is the vivid, picturesque is to proclaim in one continuous song, story showing marvelous human insight, through deeds of compassion that God is there are countless fascinating pictures, Love and not one who takes pleasure in human suffering or would inspire His people with abject fear. * African Adventurers, x28 pages, x6 half- But the greatest challenge of our tones, by Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, published great task is more than all these; i. e., by the Central Committee on the United the challenge to the devotion and loyalty Study of Foreign Missions and the Mission- ary Education Movement. Price, 30 cents of our Christian womanhood. "Ye shall in paper, 50 cents in boards. These prices be witness unto Me," said our Blessed include postage. Order from your Foreign Christ. Ah! shall we examine in our Mission Board. Supplementary material for own lives, with Him, what that witness leaders will be suggested in the REVIEW for June.-L. W. P.

from the little brown hut in the village (2) The duty of the Executive Comto the home of the pigmies in the deep mittee shall be to have oversight forests. Miss Mackenzie lets the young of the work of the Federation, teacher, Assam, give the African impres- to suggest plans for the extension sions of the great adventures of mission- of interdenominational work, to aries, Livingstone, Moffat, Good and arrange for the Day of Prayer others. and prepare a program for the same, to appoint special com- This book should be used not only mittees not already provided for, in Junior Societies, but in Sunday School as may be deemed necessary ad classes. There could be no better way interim, and to arrange for auto bring the living Gospel of Jesus Christ diting the books of the Treasstraight home to the hearts of boys and urer. It shall have full augirls than to take the six chapters for thority to take whatever action six weeks in place of the ordinary Sun- may be necessary in emergencies day School lesson. It is the Gospel of provided no financial obligation Jesus Christ for boys and girls. There shall be incurred beyond that is an absence of preaching and a charm- for which provision is made in ing, bright naturalness that will win the budget, and to fill all vayoung and old. cancies occurring during the year with the exception of com- BY LAWS OF THE FEDERATION mittees otherwise provided for.

I. There shall be the following Standing 2. Standing Committees.-The Standing Committees: Committees shall be appointed by the I. On Home Base. Executive Committee and shall be (I) Methods of Work Among Wom- composed of not less than three nor en, Young People and Children. more than nine members. (2) Student Work. (3) Summer Schools and Confer- (I) On Home Base: ences. a. Methods of Work Among (4) Publications and Literature. Women, Yonng People and Chil- 2. On Foreign Field. dren: (I) Christian Literature for Women It shall be the duty of this and Children in Mission Fields. Committee to secure informa- tion concerning approved meth- (2) Interdenominational Institutions ods of work among women, on the Foreign Field. young people and children, to develop plans for increasing II. There shall be the following Special their interest in Foreign Mis- Committees: . sions and methods by which in- I. A Committee on Nominations to con- formation may be imparted sist of three members, one of whom through lecture courses, insti- shall be new each year, to be ap- tutes, conferences, normal study pointed at the Annual Meeting by cI asses, etc. the President of the Federation. b. Student Work: r. A Committee on Arrangements and It shall be the duty of this Programs for the next meeting, to be Committee to ascertain the pres- appointed by the Executive Commit- ent status of missionary work in tee. the various schools and colleges and to. secure through the stu- III. Membership and Duties of Committees dent departments of the Boards, of Federation: as far as is practicable, the reg- I. The Executive Committee. ular presentation of Foreign (I) The officers of the Federation Missions and systematic Mission and Chairmen of Standing Com- Study. mittees shall constitute the Exe- cutive Committee. A denomi- c. Summer Schools and Con- nation not represented shall have ferences: the privilege of sending, at its own expense, its Federation It shall be the duty of this Representative as a voting mem- Committee to make a study of ber of this Committee. Five existing summer schools and to members representing four con- indicate locations which seem stituent Boards shall constjtute strategic points for other schools a quorum. or conferences.

d. Publications and Literature: The Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Mis- sions, as at present composed of seven members elected by seven

WOMAN'S FEDERAnON BULLETIN

denominational Boards, shall act business by correspondence and constitute the Committee on Pub- a meeting is necessary, such a meet- lications and Literature. This ing may be called by the Chairman Committee shall plan as far as or upon the request of two members possible, two years in advance of the Committee, with the approval for the Foreign Mission Text of the President of the Federation. Books and other Literature for woman's societies and affiliated V. Expenses: organizations. These plans shall be presented for approval at the I. Each Board, or group of Boards rep- annual meeting of the Federa- resenting a denominational body, be- tion. This Committee shall ar- longing to the Federation shall con- range for editing and printing tribute to the expenses of the Fed- all publications authorized by eration by the annual payment of a the Federation. It shall give a sum based on its annual income. report of the monies received (1) Each Board, or group of Boards and disbursed by the Committee representing a denominational and shall make recommendations body, whose annual income for concerning the use of any pos- foreign missions is $250,000, or sible surplus. The books of this more, shall pay $100. Committee shall be audited an- (2) Each Board, or group of Boards nually by an auditor nominated representing a denominational by the Committee and approved body, whose annual income for by the Federation. This Com- foreign missions is $100,000, or mittee shall represent the Fed- more, but less than $250,000, eration on the Committee of shall pay $50. Twenty-eight. It shall have power to act in emergencies (3) Each Board whose annual in- without concurrence of the Fed- come for foreign missions is eration. $25,000, or more, but less than $100,000, shall pay $25. (2) On Foreign Field: (4) Each Board whose annual in- a. Christian Literature for come for foreign missions is less Women and Children in Mission than $25,000 shall pay $5. Fields. 2. Expenses of delegates attending meet- It shall be the duty of this ings of the Federation shall be borne Committee to supervise the work by the respective Boards or by the of providing such Christian Liter- delegates themselves. ature for women and children of mission fields as is of interde- 3. Expenses of members of the Executive nominational interest, to secure Committee attending ad interim funds for the same, to make meetings of the Committee shall be recommendations for publica- borne by the Federation. tions, translations, editors, etc. 4. Expenses of members attending b. Interdenominational Insti- called meetings of Standing or Spe- tutions on the Foreign Field: cial Committees shall be borne by the Federation. It shall be the duty of this Committee to gather information 5. An office expense not to exceed $50 concerning Interdenominational annually shall be allowed each of- Institutions for women on mis- ficer and Chairman of Standing Com- sion fields and to present the mittees. same to the Federation'. This Committee shall be chosen fwm 6. Expense accounts shall be counter- the Boards of Control of the In- signed by the President of the Fed- terdenominational Institutions. eration.

IV. Meetings: 7. An itemized budget shall be pre- sented annually by the Treasurer to 1. The Executive Committee shall meet the Federation. at least once a year in connection with the annual meeting of the Fed- VI. Reports: eration. Meetings may be called in All Standing Committees are required the interim by the President and to present written annual reports to Secretary or on request of three tbe Federation, these reports having members of the Federation represent- first been submitted to the Executive ing at least two denominations. The Committee. Recording Secretary shall notify the Federation Representatives of all ac- VII. Amendments: tions taken. The By-Laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any annual ses- 2. When it is impossible for a Stand- sion. No change which was not sub- ing or Special Committee to trans- mitted to the Committee on By-Laws thirty days before the session shall be voted on at that session.

THOUGHTS

MIS SnONARY ADDRESSES BY REV. CHARLES C. ALBERTSON, D.D., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Missionary TheD1.es and Texts "So now, when my part in the race is nearly run, there remains to me no THE MISSIONARY MOTIVE. John 111. 'higher earthly satisfaction than this,- 16. "God so loved the world that tbat I bave carried the torch of Greek he gave–." fire alight through a long life; no higher earthly hope than this,-that I may pass What is the logical sequence of this tha t torch on to others." great text? "I so love God that I give–." THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT. Romans x. I. "Brethren, my heart's desire and Cardinal Newman and Henry George prayer to God for Israel is, that they were engaged in friendly conversation, might be saved. Romans ix. 3. "For when Newman remarked, "I love men I could wish that I myself were acbecause Jesus Christ loved them." cursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen, according to the flesh." Mr. George replied, "I love Jesus Christ because He loved men," The great apostle never more closely approached the viewpoint of the Master The Christian does not regard these than when he affirmed his willingness to propositions as alternatives, but' as co- be lost if thereby Israel might be saved. ordinates. Vicarious love can no further go. This is the "mind that was in Christ," this THE MISSIONARY IMPULSE. 2 Tim- His self-emptying-not only to be will- othy iv. 7. "I have kept the faith." ing, but to be glad, to bear stripes for others' healing, to be wounded for others' In the interpretation of these words, transgressions. The little daughter of a everything depends upon our definition missionary, as she looked out through the of the word "kept." We may so keep car window on the sun-baked plains of the faith as to suppress it by our selfish India, said to her mother, "It isn't nice keeping. Paul kept the faith by dissem- at all, is it?" The mother replied, "No, inating it. This is the philosophy of dear, that's the reason we came." John Bunyan's couplet, This distinguishes the missionary of "There was a man, and some did count Christ from the missionary of commerce: him mad,– the latter goes where there is most of material good to gain; the former goes The more he gave away, the more he where there is least of material advan- had." tage to hope for. The spirit which de- liberately seeks the waste places of the The only way to keep a spring of water earth is not natural; it passes ordinary living is to let it flow freely. There are understanding. Yet this spirit is so flowers which bloom abundantly the deeply implanted and widely disseminmore freely the blossoms are picked. ated among the best type of Christians that no surprise was expressed when, a The impulse to give the gospel to the short time ago, six volunteers were world is both economic and benevolent. nreded for foreign fields, four of them "The church which ceases to be evan- for fairly comfortable stations, and two gelistic is in grave peril of ceasing to be for pioneer work in the midst of unimagevangelical." In a sleet storm a spar- inable difficulties, and of six applicants row found shelter under the wing of a dove. The dove saved the sparrow's life, and in doing so, kept her own breast warm.

Professor Mahaffy, of Dublin, says in closing his book, "What the Greeb Have Done for Modern Civilization,"

71 SEED THOUGHTS FOR MISSIONARY

who responded, four asked to be sent to him in a little shed, teaching a class of the hard fields. This is the spirit of the younger children; as she stood outside soldier who regards it as the highest the door, she heard him say, "This letter honor to be assigned to the post of great- is a, this letter is b, this letter is c, etc." est peril. He had not learned much, but he had caught the spirit of the school, and it THE MISSIONARY PRINCIPLE. had led him to pass on what little learn- ing he had received. "We have too poorly learned to distinguish between passion and principle, Some Sug"gestive Sayings between impulse and a settled purpose. If some touching tale is told, some pit- "Every unfulfilled prophecy should be eous appeal for help is heard; if some an accusing conscience in the breast of crowded gathering is swept by a wave the Christian Church." of enthusiasm, we yield to the impulse, volunteer our service, give our money, "Shall we give the other nation~ the fling ourselves into the breach. But good we have, and keep back the best?" after all, this is not loyalty to the mis- -Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery. sionary program. Emotionalism will die down and leave us stranded as by a re- "If Christianity has nota message for ceding tide. all men, it has no message for any man."

"It is better to quench the mere sen- "In our moments on the mount we timental impulse, to cling to a sense of sing of Christ's love demanding our what is right and what Jesus Christ de- lives, our souls, our all, but, out of sight mands. If we undertake a definite work of the mount, we provide for our own because God calls us to it, because we wants first, and give Him the residue." are the channels through which the current of divine pity is to flow to a needy "The best thing any man can have is world, we have a principle of action a religious experience, and the best thing which will bear us on through ingratitude, disappointment and discourage- any man can do is to be loyal to that exment ;md even apparent defeat." perience."

Illustrations of Devotiion ""Thy do we find no description of natural scenery in Paul's writings? Did Rebecca Cox, of Galway, N. Y., left he see no beauty in Athens, in Rome, in a legacy of $800, all earned by weaving the orange-scented islands of the lEgean? carpets, to a woman's missionary society. Ah yes, but he had seen a vision of an- other kind. Natural beauty had not At the funeral of a devoted pastor in been able to save the world. What Paul Boston, one of the Chinese converts of had seen in Christ promised the salvation his Sunday School sent a sum of money of society, the redemption of the race." in an envelope to the committee in charge of the funeral services, with this note: The purpose of the Young Men's "I send money for missions, instead of Christian Association is finely stated by flowers. I think the pastor would like one of its earliest leaders: First, to bring that." men to Christ; second, to build men up in Christ; third, to send men out for A colored boy in one of the freedmen's Christ. schools in the South was so dull and slo~ to learn that it took him three The great estates of the nobility in years to do the first year's work. He did the second year's work in two years, but Austria sometimes have a triple gateway. in the third grade he made such poor progress that the teacher said, "You One is for ordinary tohceccaesniotnr~sl one is for would better give it up; you will never festal occasions, but one is for be a scholar." The boy left school and went to work in a blacksmith's shop. A the king when he comes to visit the year later the teacher was near the boy's home and called to see him~ She found castle. God deserves our best.

Anciently, in the conquest of foreign lands, the order of entrance was: armies, commerce, religion. For something more than a century, religion has been first, commerce has followed; armies are to be,outgrown.

fROM .MANY JLANll)S

AFRICA. of intelligent prayer. When Bishop Lambuth was there he estimated that at The Decalogue in Africa six o'clock every morning 20,000 people gathered in the various villages for "THE Ten Tyings" is what the morning prayer. And this is but one of Bulus of West Africa call the Ten the ten missions conducted in Africa by the Southern Presbyterian Church. Commandments, says Miss Jean Mackenzie in her interesting volume, Facts About Africa "Black Sheep." She describes the toilsome effort with which these people first N EARLY one-fourth of the earth's learn the "Tyings," and then try to land surface is comprised within practise them. They toil and sweat to make a place in their minds for the the Continent of Africa. verses of the twentieth of Exodus. "Pray with me," a woman will say, It is as far around the coast of Af- "that I may learn this Tying. Others I can learn, but this about the Sabbath rica as it is around the world. day will kill me." Every eighth person of the world's What struggle of heart and anguish of spirit does the effort to follow the population lives in the Dark Continent. commandments not entail! Miss Mackenzie recounts some wonderful stories The blacks double their numbers every of how consciences become sensitive and highly developed through the action of forty years and the whites every eighty God's Spirit. Here is a woman who walks three days-sleeping two nights years. by the way-in order to submit to. the missionary a case of moral uncertamty. There are 843 languages and dialects Alone among the villagers she belonged to "the tribe of Go'd." "We are watch- in use among the blacks of Africa. Only ing the walking that you walk," say her neighbors. "If it is indeed a good wal~­ a few of the languages have been reing and it is a straight path we too Will arise and follow after you." Her son duced to writing. had found an old cutlass in the forest. Is it right for a Ch~!stian :woman t? The coal fields of Africa aggregate keep it in the house? Does It not spot! the eighth Tying?" Hence the long 800,000 square miles; its copper fields journey to the missionary for moral equal those of North America and Euguidance. rope combined, and it has undeveloped Does It Pay? iron ore amounting to five times that of T WENTY-SIX years ago the:e was not a man in all the regIOn of North America. Luebo that had heard the name of Jesus. Now there are over 15,600 be- Africa has forty thousand miles of lievers. Twenty-six years ago there was not a man that knew a letter in any river and lake navigation, and water alphabet. To-day there an; 15,4-00 in day schools and 32,000 In Sunday- powers aggregating ninety times those of schools. Twenty-six years ago there was not a man, woman or child in all that Niagara Falls.. .. great region that could utter a syllable One area in Afnca unoccupIed by missionaries is three times the size of New England, a second would make four states like New York, a third would cover eight Tawas, and a fourth is eighteen times the size of Ohio.

Throughout Africa there is one mission- ary for every 133,000 souls.

Almost the entire continent is now under European flags. France has a colony in Africa twenty times the size of France itself. The British flag flies over a territory as large as the United States.-World Outlook.

Handicapped Schools T HE schools in the West Africa Mis- sion of the Presbyterian Church are well attended. "It is really surprising," writes one of the missionaries, "how, twelve cents per annum-one penny for with neither slates nor slate pencils, each member. paper nor lead pencils, and a limited amount of chalk; no gospels to sell and This good work is supported by Eu- no cloth to make charts, these teachers ropean ladies in the larger towns of the are conducting schools. Of course, Union. These ladies pay an annual there are a great many old slates scat- subscription, hold drawing-room meet- tered about among the children that are ings, and receive semi-annual reports. gathered up and brought into school, but slate pencils are wanting. At Efulen In four places in Natal these ladies they have a fairly good supply of chalk, have aided in the opening and support- and the children are writing on their ing of native women's homes. In Jo- slates with chalk. Some, however, have hannesburg they are working for a neither slates nor chalk, and write on "Helping Hand Club" for native girls. plantain leaves with a sharp stick." ASalvation ArIllY in South Africa Buried Li1o:e a Chief STIRRING account of the ad- vance of Salvation Army mission- M RS. CRAWFORD writes concern- ary vvork in South Africa is given in a ing the work at Mulongo's: "A report issued from international headyoung convert was dying, and his father quarters. The first attempt by the Salsought to bring in a diviner. 'No,' said vation Army on an organized scale to the dying Christian, 'I do not need him. evangelize the heathen people of Africa This sickness is the will of God. If was made in 1889, when an expedi- God takes my life, all is well; I know tion set out from Capetown for Natal. where I am going.' He died with the When the late General Booth visited name of his Saviour on his lips. The South Africa, in 1891, he dedicated a four Luanza Christians living at Mu- party of officers to take the army flag longo's made him a good coffin. 'What!' into Zululand, to plant which the offisaid the people, 'they bury this "child of cers had to practice severe and ceaseless God" like a chief. See how they honor self-denial. The people they lived their dead. These Christians are a great among knew nothing of civilization;· the people, truly.' The lad's parents and climate was very taxing; there were no relatives were greatly pleased, and have buildings of any sort available for shelsince been attending the meetings." ter until they built their own rude huts.

AFor African Mothers At the time of the late General's last NNOUNCING as its aim "the visit to South Africa, in 1908, he held awakening of sympathy for the na- several meetings with the natives, as tive and colored mothers in the hearts many as seven thousand Zulus being of the white ladies of the country," the present at one gathering, and he planned African Mothercraft League was quietly for further organized effort on their becommenced four years ago by the Gen- half. At present, nearly one hundred eral Secretary, a missionary lady in officers are devoting their time and Natal. The work began with the pub- strength for the salvation of the natives; lication in Zulu of a bi-monthly paper eighty-four corps and societies are in containing practical articles on care of operation; many industrial settlements home and health, Christian training of have been established, and fifty-four children, Bible stories and Scripture day-schools for native children are being Union Portions. It is now published in carried on. five languages, including English and Dutch. It is used not only in all the IN MOSI,EM LANDS states of the Union of South Africa but in regions beyond, including Nyasaland, Lines of Approach to MosleIlls Northern and Southern Rhodesia. The price of the paper has always been only T HE World's Sunday-School Associa- tion has placed a worker on full time in the Anglo-Sudan and Durfur, which is almost wholly Mohammedan, and in which practically no missionary ~. .~

work has been done. Rev. Stephen be effaced, and cannot but count for Trowbridge has been spending consid- great good in the years to come when erable time in the Sudan, "a vast coun- peace is once more restored. It is the try and very fertile." Another worker American Christians who must help rewill be in training in Cairo for the sec- habilitate the remnant of these starved retaryship of Turkey and Asia Minor hordes. The only solution of the probat the close of the war. lem is for speedy help from America to buy cattle and farming implements, A great service being rendered to the house materials, clothing, seed, etc. Moslem field is the preparation of literature. There have just appeared from $5,000,000 a Month for Relief the press in Cairo two valuable books in Arabic, a translation of Beardslee's T HE American Committee for Ar- "Teacher Training with the Master menian and Syrian Relief is enlarg- Teacher," and "A Master Builder on the Nile," which is a biography for boys ing its program as the needs which it is of Dr. John Hogg, a pioneer missionary seeking to relieve grow more intense. in Egypt. Thirteen thousand copies of "Sunday-School Helps" in Arabic are Reports from different distributing being sent out every week throughout centers show that there are something Egypt, the Sudan and Arabia. Twenty- like 1,100,000 destitute people dependseven thousand five hundred illustrated ent upon this Committee for food and story parables have been published and clothing and this condition will continue used throughout the field to promote for some months yet. The Committee personal work, and reach the minds of. considers that five dollars per capita per the children. Over 7,000 tracts for month is none too much in view of the Moslems, by Dr. Zwemer, have been loss in exchange and the high price of put into Sunday-schools and Bible food. This will mean at least $5,000,000 classes. a month to meet the absolute require- ments of the field. A large proportion Kept Alive by ADlerlcan.. of these refugees are women and chilo dren. Twenty thousand children are "THE people left-just a remnant- on the Relief Committee lists in the in the U rumia district of Persia Russian Caucasus alone.

are a monument to the love, sympathy All printing, postage, collecting and and philanthropy of America. The di- administrative expenses from New rect saviours are the American Presby- York are met by two members of the terian missionaries and the American Committee. One hundred cents of every consul." This is the testimony of Mar dollar given for relief that reaches the Shimun, refugee patriarch of the N es- treasurer in N ew York is cabled through torian Church, in a letter addressed to trustworthy neutral agencies to the Emthe American nation and translated bassy or Consuls at various distribution from the original Syriac by the London centers. These government officials, tosecretary of the Archbishop of Canter- (!ether with missionaries and other relibury's mission. able representatives, constitute the com- missions that administer the relief with- From the outbreak of the war this out drawing any salary or compensation feeling has been general among the pop- from the funds. ulation of west6rn Persia, and even Persian Moslems are looking to Christian TLooking Ahead in Turkey America for relief from starvation. The HAT the American missionaries in affection of the Persian people for Turkey are not only staying at their the American Presbyterian missionaries posts and meeting present emergencies, is deep and lasting. The deaths of Dr. but are also making statesmanlike plans Wilson, Mrs. Shedd and Mrs. Mc- for the future is evident from the fol- Dowell at their post as the result of lowin(! extract from a letter received their work for these distressed people from Constantinople: have made an impression that can never "After the war we shall need to hold

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our 'All Turkey Conference.' The INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON place in which this conference can best be held cannot now be determined. The A Conscience Clause in India time will then be ripe. We shall need to have with us in this conference our A PROPOSAL having been made to Bible Society friends (both the British introduce a "conscience clause" in and the American), representatives from all schools in India receiving a grant the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., from the Government, the educational delegates from the home offices, and the section of the Edinburgh Continuation field workers. All these will need to Committee, together with home and formeet in conference for the purpose of eign representatives of British mission- readjusting our work to fit the new con- ary societies working in India, is engaged ditions which the political settlement in a careful consideration of the question upon the issues of the war will demand. and its bearing on missionary work. It is quite likely that these new conditions will call for a reapportionment of The National Missionary Council of the work of all the societies represented India has passed the following resoluin the Levant. It would seem that tion: within one year we might hope to realize such a conference. Possibly a tem- "That all education given by missions porary arrangement might answer for or missionaries must be radically Christhe Turkey field until such a survey as tian, centering in the revelation of God the suggested conference would afford in Jesus Christ, and including instruccan be made." tion in the Bible as the greatest of books for the teaching of truth and the build- A Light in a Dark Place ing of character, and at the same time as a book necessary to the understanding ONE of the graduates of the Resht of the history and literature of Christian grammar school, an Armenian girl peoples. We therefore claim a definite sphere in which we may give practical of sixteen, has been spending the winter expression to this conviction. On the with her mother, a wine seller in a other hand, Christian principle requires neighboring town. At first she was very both respect for rights of conscience and unhappy in her unpleasant surroundings, the exercise of fairness and justice. The but she determined to do what she could problem of reconciling these two aspects for the Master, whom she had learned of Christian duty has always engaged, to love sincerely. She opened a Sunday- and still engages, the attention of misschool, at which she has Greek, Armenian sionaries, and it is essential that they and Moslem pupils. Sometimes she has should solve it for each new set of conhad as many as twenty-five in attend- ditions by their own spontaneous acance, but more commonly about sixteen. tion." At a recent meeting a missionary who was visiting in the town attended. It Secret Believer.. In India was interesting to see how faithfully she tried to follow the model of the Sunday- M ANY educated men in India have school in Resht and yet how well she been profoundly attracted by the was adapting herself to the changed con- beauty of Christ's character but they ditions. The older pupils had learned are not willing to make the sacrifices inthe commandments, and others individ- volved in identifying themselves with ual verses, while the younger ones were His followers. Sherwood Eddy reports asked to give three names of God-love, an interview which he had with the light and the shepherd. The whole was leading Hindu of Western India, Sir a bright light shining in a very dark Narayan Chandarvarkar. place. This is an example of how the Gospel awakens Orientals and makes Among other things he said: "I am them desire to pass on to others the bene- a Hindu, but I believe in Jesus Christ fits they have received. as the highest fulfilment of Hinduism. I have a picture of Christ crucified in my bedroom, where I can look daily upon it. I have not onlv read through the entire Bible, but I read it every night

before going to bed. Every morning I own. Recently they intimated to the spend from six to seven o'clock in American Lutheran Mission at Nager- prayer, meditation and devotional coil their willingness to embrace Prot- hYI?ns. I believe Jesus Christ to be estantism, and 300 entered that mission. ulllque in His character, His teaching, His power to save and help men, and es- SUlIllnary of Foreign MhuoJiOll Work ill pecially in His dynamic and world-wide India social program. Although a follower of Christ in my daily life, I do not take the TOTAL Number of Societies 120, outward step of baptism because as at present interpreted in the popular mind including 39 Americans, 37 Britit means not only to accept Christianity, but to reject and denounce Hinduism. ish, 2 Ceylon, 10 Continental, 5 India, This I cannot do, for I believe that God has been in our past history and revela- 3 International, 6 Independent, and 12 tion." Indigenous. A Hindu Life of Christ Number ordained missionaries….. A LIFE of Christ in Tamil has been written by a Hindu, in such a way Medical missionaries (lI5 men; r63 as to appeal to Hindus. The style is clear and simple and the book shows a women) …………………. . reverent spirit of admiration and love. The incidents of Jesus' life are illus- Lay missionaries (men) ………. . trated very happily by quotations from non-Christian authors. The author is Married women (not doctors) … . Mr. Harihara Aiyer, of Ambasamudram, and he has also written a life of Paul. Unmarried women (not doctors) .. "We can imagine no better books," says The United Church Herald, "to present Total foreign missionaries ……. . to Hindus who are sympathetic towards the teachings of Christ or for Christians Ordained natives …………… . who wish to understand how a devout Hindu regards the life and teachings of Unordained nat i v e s (teacliers. our Master. We are informed that already the book is being used for moral preachers, Bible women and other instruction in some Hindu schools." workers) …………………. 34,084 Caste In the Chnrch Total ordained and unordained.. .. 35.354 V ADAKKANGULAM, Rom an Catholic stronghold of Tinnevelly, Principal stations ……………. 783 was founded a century and a half ago. It was the practice of the church author- All other sub-stations…………. 10,217 ities to recognise the caste scruples of the higher caste converts, who were given Church organizations ………… 4,088 separate accommodation and preferential treatment in church. Within recent Total number professed Christians. 9r 6,773 years the church authorities decided that it was not desirable to encourage caste Total native Christian adherents .. r,471,727 in the church and accordingly demolished the partition wall. The Vellala Sunday-schools, 10,872; memberconverts resented this innovation and a long and bitter controversy resulted. ship ……………………… 422,135 The Vellalas seceded from the church and set up a place of worship of their Native contributions in U. S. gold.. $573,454 EDUCATIONAL WORK 3,755 57 6 Universities and colleges……… . Total students (only 60 females) _. 77,400 Theological and Normal Schools .. 148 Students (male, 2,350; female, 8,999 1,237) …………………… . II,50 3 Boarding and high schools ……. . Pupils (male, 55,937; female, 15,- IIO) ……………………. .

Industrial Training Institutions … .

Pupils (male, 5,042; female, 3,925) Elementary and village schools ….

Pupils (male, 159,045; female, 76,- 029) ……………………. .

Kindergartens ……………… . Pupils (boys, 397; girls, 466) …. .

MEDICAL H?spitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 DISpenSarIes ………………… 355 Hospital in-patients in one year… 61,612 Dispensary treatments (one year) .. 2,072,537 Outside patients visited……….. 44,020 Total individual patients ……… r,943,464 Total treatments ……………. 3,605,597 PHILANTHROPIC AND REFORMATORY Orphanages ……………….. . 180 Inmates (boys, 4,761; girls, 7,522).

Leper Hospitals and Asylums …. .

Inmates (Christians, 2,508) ……. .

Institutions for the Blind and Deaf Pupils (male, 136; female, 204) .. .

Rescue Homes, 8; inmates …….. .

Homes for Widows, 15; inmates ..

Industrial Homes, 19; inmates …..

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WORK OF THE THIRTY-NINE AMERICAN Prominent among the Christians' ob- jections to the proposed law, as reported SOCIETIES IN INDIA by the Chinese Christian Intelligencer, are these two: To erect a state religion Total number of missionaries, 1,667; at this time, when unity of purpose of whom 527 are ordained; 513 married throughout the republic is vital would women and 480 unmarried, and 118 arouse dissension among Confu'cianists, medical missionaries. Mohammedans, Protestants and Catho- lics; and to require Christians to pay for Ordained native preachers, 686; un- tht upkeep of Confucianism as a state ordained native preachers, teachers, Bible relIgion would stir up sentiment against women, etc., 13,746. the government that it cannot afford to arouse. Total missionary force, foreign and native, all classes of workers, under di- An appeal has been distributed in all rection of American Boards or Societies, parts of China, protesting "in the name of 3,500,000 Christians" against the pro- 15,4 1 3. posed action as "an invasion of the rights Principal mission stations, 350; sub- of the citizens of the Chinese republic." The appeal is supported by Catholics as stations, 4,5 I I. well as Protestants. Church organizations estimated at 2,- 488; total number of members in 1910, 418,775; total adherents, 725,321. Canadian Baptist and Presbyterian Societies included in figures above.

WORK OF THE THIRTY-SEVEN BRITISH ]i~or Navy Men in Shanghai AND SIX AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETIES A SMALL Bible class of men in the Navy Young Men's Christian As- Total number of missionaries, 2,160; seciation in Shanghai has now grown J ,272 of whom are women. into a club with about fifty members, who stand for clean living and the de- Native workers of all classes, 15,778. velopment of the fourfold nat:ue. All Principal stations, 638; sub-stations, use the Enlisted Men's Prayer and Daily ),074· Reading booklet, and also meet together Church organizations, 763; members, every Saturday night for dinner and 352,758; adherents, 554,170. – From definite Bible study. They promote the Missions. regular Sunday afternoon meeting held in the building, look after all the music, CHINA and make the meeting the success it has become. Every ship in the harbor is TChinese Christians Prote..t covered on Sunday, and in this, too, the HE Chinese Church has been deeply Club helps. stirred by the recent developments in the movement to make Confucianism The secretary, James A. Blyth, is ima state religion. Two years the prop- pressed by the opportunities for personal aganda has continued, and now it has work which he is having. He says: come to a crisis, with the definite sub- "It's beyond belief how ready the men mission to the constitutional convention are to talk about their soul's salvation. of an article reading: "In our national Away out here they know one must have schools Confucianism is to be considered a power outside oneself to live straight. the only basis of true morality." One listening to the unburdening of men's hearts, as I am privileged to, hears Throughout the republic the challenge this over and over again: 'I got lonely; has been taken up by. representative there was no place to go so I just drifted leaders of the Christian Church, and op- into the saloon and house of ill fame. I position has been voiced in pulpit, press, will have to ship over, I can't go home,' mass meetings and even at Peking. At -and more. With an adequate buildleast 1,000 representatives from differ- in'!; we could prevrnt a great deal of ent churches of Shanghai attended one this." meeting of protest. At that time 1,000 protesting letters had been recorded by the ministers' association of Shanghai.

T11'inul IlIon' to OltiUl11 'l'rafHe Now we have 300 converts and they are HOUGH China has made so brave planning a new building. At a mid-day an effort to stamp out opium, the meeting a subscription was started and traffic could not cease until March 31, in less than half an hour $1,400 was 1917. Up to that time opium could be subscribed. They are planning a build- imported into China from India under a ing to seat 1,000 members. The old treaty with Great Britain signed in building, costing $3,000, will be sold 191 I, and this traffic was the monopoly and a new one worth $7,000 erected in of the Shanghai Opium Combine. its place.

Anticipating the end of the opium con- Chinese WOlRen Get Ne..v Outlook nection with Great Britain, the Chinese Government recently communicated N INETEEN of the women enrolled with the British Minister in Peking, re- in the Women's Bible School at questing that a British envoy be deputed Ningpo, China, at the beginning of the to China to head an investigation into school term, were not able to read. Each the opium-suppression campaign in one of those who remained to the end of China. At the same time circulars were the term, however, went away with her sent to all the provinces preparing them Romanized New Testament and Hymn for the impending complete extirpation Book, and other small books, able to of the traffic as follows: ( 1) All the read slowly and pray and sing, happy in opium plantations in the land were or- what she had received, and some of them dered to be swept away during a period eager to pass it on to others. This form of three months from September to No- of evangelistic work seems to be profit- vember, 1916; (2) the trading in opium able, bringing the women from their had to be entirely stopped between De- homes, with all their cares, into clean, cember, 1916, and March, 19 1 7; (3) cheerful atmosphere, into daily 'contact smoking of opium is to cease in a period with Bible teachings and living, with of three months from March to June, regular Sabbath services, mid-week and other meetings, morning and evening 19 1 7. worship, where they are taught to think The Shanghai company offered $16,- and do for others.

000,000 for the privilege of an exten- At the call for help for famine suf- sion, and in October last threatened to ferers, these women put aside their books withhold the duty on the remaining for several afternoons, and went to work cases imported-a loss to the govern- with a will, making quilts, garments, ment of about $5,000,000, but President shoes and caps, which were sent to Yu- Li and his cabinet would accept no com- yao for distribution among the desti- promise. tute. At Christmas time, when three dollars was given for an extra dinner, " T The Result.. of "Halllillering" they voted to keep one and give two HE secret of successful missionary into the offering for Foreign Missions, work is steady hammering," writes to be sent home to the Board. The en- Rev. A. A. Fulton, D.D., of Canton, tire sum from the school for that pur- China. pose amounted to ten dollars.

In 1850 there were only two or three JAPAN-CHOSEN hundred converts in the Empire. When I came to China in 1880 there were An Anti-Christian Magazine in Japan about 13,000 converts. To-day the converts number close to 300,000, and prob- A JAPANESE magazine, the Dai ably one million adherents. H ammer- Kokumin (Great Nation), has deing does it. voted four numbers recently to a viru- lent and sustained attack on Christi- For instance, at Chik Hom the preju- anity. The cartoons on the cover con- dice was bitter, the first convert driven stitute a shocking attempt to inspire away, the chapel, an ordinary shop, hatred of Christianity and contempt for looted and the preacher driven off, it by an outrageous representation of the but we went back and hammered away.

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Christian religion symbolically as a hu- he asks for is his wine, and then his to- man-headed dog, or of Christ himself as bacco, and I know he is not averse to a monster with the upper part like a visiting houses of ill repute. The same man and the lower part like a dog, nailed is true of all our Buddhist guests. I to a cross and threatened with destruc- want my children to act like Christians, tion by the uplifted foot or the clenched and it is for this reason I send them to fist of a figure representing the aroused the Christian Sunday-school'."

spirit of Japan fighting victoriously to rid the country of a hateful and danger- National Sllnday-School Worl~ ous intruder. JAPAN is corning to the front in its The greater part of the text of the' Sunday-school work. Recently the magazine is taken up with skilful ap- following departments were created by peals to the national prejudice, with in- the National Sunday School Association dignant denunciation that the Christians of the Empire: Teacher Training; should believe God Almighty to be su- Adult; Horne Department and Cradle perior to the Emperor, with unblushing Roll; Elementary; Young People's, inand criminal slander against prominent cluding Intermediate and Seniors. Later Christian men, with malicious retailing it is hoped to have departmental superof all possible difficulties and scandals intendents appointed for each of the among Christians, and witb interviews in thirty-two Branch Associations of the 'which prominent men express their dis- National Sunday School Association, so approval and dislike of the Christian re- that the responsibility may be spread and ligion. In securing the latter, the editors the Sunday-school work developed along have not scrupled to make use of downright fraud, for one prominent man modern lines throughout the country.

quoted in its pages has declared that the Training Christian Worker~ in Chosen alleged interview with him was made out of whole cloth and has forced the maga- A METHODIST missionary in zine to publish an apology. Korea writes: "In our class work we give class lead- The B'uddhlst Attitude Toward Chris- ers', exhorters' and local preachers'

tianity courses, to which others are also admit- REV. J. B. HALL, a Presbyterian ted according to their grades. In the missionary in Japan, sends the fol- evening we have evangelistic services. A lowing story, told him by a Japanese spirit-filled young Korean preacher from friend, as an illustration of the attitude the Kongju District assisted in the class of many Buddhists towards Christianity. and preached every evening. From the "I have a friend who is a very strong beginning the windows of heaven seemed Buddhist and his wife is the daughter of to be open to pour down a blessing. The a Buddhist priest. I was calling on the preaching service was followed with tes- family a few days ago when, as we were timony and confession meetings, and talking of our religions, the wife said 'I then in my own room, following the send my children to two Sunday-schools. close of the public evening service, I held One is the Christian, the other at the further meetings for those who wanted Gobo Temple.' When asked why she, special consultation and prayer. The the daughter of a Buddhist priest and the room was often filled and one night it wife of a strong Buddhist, should do was packed with people weeping aloud this, she said : 'We have many vis'itors and confessing their sins. Great victor- at our house. Whenever a Christian ies were won. Also in the mornings we calls on a visit or for business, he or she had prayer meetings before sunrise. As never drinks saki nor smokes tobacco, a result several promising young men and I ha'e heard that they never visit a will go to Seoul to study in the Pierson house of ill repute. I do not know which Memorial Bible School. This is the first teachings are better, but when my father, class of the season. Several others fol- a Buddhist priest, calls, the first thing low."

AEager Korean Dible Students ISJ,ANDS OF THE SEA T the annual session of the Men's A. Strong SaInOaD Chu.·ch Winter Bible Class in Pyengyang; T HE Samoan Church was early taught Korea, 675 men paid the enrolment fee that Christianity brought with it of ten sen (five cents), for the two weeks responsibility to others. Within ten of Bible study; and in addition, 138 stu- years after they first heard the Gospel dents were registered for the Bible In- Samoans left their land to avenge the stitute which began the same day and death of John Williams by preaching the continued one month longer. The reg- Gospel of Peace to the natives of the ular classes of the Pyengyang College New Hebrides. To their credit lies the and Academy were suspended, and 246 . evangelization of Rotuma (North Fiji), of these students were enrolled, making Loyalty Islands, Niue, Tokelau, Ellice a total of 1,059 men and boys in at- and Gilbert Islands. Today Samoan tendance. A group of about 150 men Christians are doing great work in who were especially interested in becom- Papua and Northern New Guinea.

ing better teachers spent an additional The missionary spirit has undoubtedly hour each day in a normal class. These been a great factor in building the strong men expect to give from one to three church in Samoa today.

weeks' time free, teaching local Bible The burden of the work in Samoa classes throughout the Pyengyang ter- was later thrown entirely upon the ritory. Church, and its members were expected Daybreak prayer meetings were held to maintain their own ministry.

during two weeks of the Bible confer- Immediately the Church in Samoa be- ence. Six hundred men attended the came self-supporting and it was made first morning when the thermometer reg- self-governing. It appointed its deacons, istered ten degrees below zero; and even and held its own church meeting, and twenty-two degrees below didn't keep conducted its own affairs, but always in that multitude of earnest men in bed, for close connection with the other churches the prayer meetings kept increasing in in the district. These have freedom size until the last morning there were within limits. The Church of Samoa fully nine hundred eager men in at· has not made the mistake of becoming tendance at 6 A. M. too independent; while each church is TFor Korean Lepers left free, a strong bond of union is main- HE Mission to Lepers reports: tained with all the other churches of Another matter of encourage- the district.

ment is the number of important Neglected Mindanao openings that are being brought to our MINDANAO, the second largest of notice just now. The Japanese Govern- the group of 3,141 islands which ment in Korea are proposing to set apart an island for the reception of lepers, make up the Philippine Archipelago, has where they intend forming a small a coast line of approximately seven colony, and placing the whole under the hundred miles. At present not more than probably one-fifth of this distance management of missionaries. In this ef- is covered by missionary activity. The fort the Mission to Lepers is asked to 500,000 inhabitants are divided into Jam. No restriction will be put upon twenty-two different tribes, not includ- Christian effort. ing some of the peoples who have grad- ually found their way there from the "Besides this there are several places in northern islands. In most cases the Korea where help is asked for in order to secure some provision being made for various tribes have their distinctive the lepers who abound in those districts languages, and not infrequently the in- and who are in the extreme of destitu- habitants of one village are unable to tion and misery." communicate with those of closely ad- joining villages, except by interpreters. The Mission to Lepers has for some Up to the present time, of these twentyyears conducted an asylum at Fusan, Chosen.

1 7 ] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 39

two tribes only four or five have been comes from 10 acres of rubber. This is touched to any extent, and the fact is known as the Church Lot. The Bukit that almost the entire great interior of Lan (Sarawak) Industrial School has Mindanao, with its hundreds of thou- 250 acres of land and lots are being as- sands of wild and practically savage signed to students to cultivate. In four people, is even yet without a single mis- or five years an income is expected sionary. The efforts of the present from this source. forces at work on the island have been able to reach along the coasts and but a Among Chinese emigrants in Borneo few miles anywhere into the interior. idolatry-even among non-Christians- has practically ceased, because of the in- Great Sunday – School Rally In the fluence of the American Methodist mis- Philippines sion: About Sitiawan it is the regular thing for non-Christians to come to the I NSTEAD of the usual annual con- Methodist chapel to be married. There vention, the Philippine Islands Sun- is no heathen temple for miles around. day School Union held in Manila a Sun- In Sarawak thousands of Chinese have day-school Rally, the largest single evan- taken up land, and some of the Cantonese gelical affair ever held in the Islands. immigrants are asking for Christian in- struction.-Record of Christian tVork. Sixteen hundred people came in on three trains, arriving at the Central Sta- The Needs of Java tion at the same time. One thousand friends with bands of music were wait- THE island of Java is about the size ing to welcome them, and there was a of New York State, and has a fine parade through the streets to the theaters and church, where three simul- population of over thirty-three millions taneous services were held. Each of the of people. A few Dutch missionaries places was well filled, the theaters are working in scattered fields, and the packed; but the big event was the after- Salvation Army is doing a good work noon meeting in t:he Baseball Park, at in some of the larger towns. The which there were some five thousand peo- Methodist Episcopal Church has about ple in attendance. After plenty of en- fifteen representatives. Many of the livening music and two short speeches, missionaries are teaching in the Chinese the whole crowd knelt for a consecra- schools, and doing almost nothing for tion service for power to go out and ac- the native Javanese. Nominally the complish the two great things-the mak- people of Java are Mohammedans. In ing of better schools and bigger schools. point of fact, they are only a very little After that there was a torchlight proces- advanced over their old animistic resion that stretched out through the heart ligion. The Dutch government is gradof the city for more than a mile, and ually providing schools which will give created a splendid impression. them some knowledge of reading and writing. The native people of Java are Industrial Mission in Borneo said to be ready and willing to receive the Gospel message. Wherever aggres- A MERICAN Methodists are initiat- sive missionaries have been able to reach them, there have been definite and ing successful industrial educational encouraging results. work in Borneo. One method of financing it is both novel and practical. The NORTH AMERICA Sitiawan Industrial School is deriving revenue from rubber trees planted in An EInergency War Fund 1910. Nearly 20 acres are beginning to bear, and the income will go to the sup- T HE Presbyterian Board of Foreign port of boys whose families are unable Missions is asking for an emergency to pay the usual boarding fee. Thirty more acres are to be planted with ruhber fund of $530,000 to meet conditions and cocoanut. The Sitiawan village due to the war. This has nothing to do schools are assisted from revenue whi~h with what is generally known as war re- lief, in which the Board is doing its full

share, notably in Syria, but the increased assured. This is the time for prepara- cost of exchange, transportation, etc., has tion for a new advance in God's work.

put upon the Board a very heavy burden T which must be borne. The needs are Missionary Education MovelDent conservatively estimated as follows: HE Missionary Education Move- ( I) To pay for the regular work in ment, which has completed its four- China and Persia (the countries in which teenth year of service, does not organize the rise in silver has been most acute) anything new in the local church-its will cost over and above what it was es' sole effort is to infuse the missionary timated at the opening of the year, $47,- spirit into the membership of every 197; (2) to give the missionaries in church through the existing agencies. China and Persia the usual equivalent of Ten summer conferences are conducted their gold salaries, $59,000; (3) for and a bureau of correspondence, conextra cost of the travel of missionaries sultation a"nd travel is maintained to '0to and from the field (25 per cent. in- operate with the leaders of denomi:1acrease over normal times), $25,000; (4) tional and interdenominational religious excessive cost of freight and insurance agencies in the promotion of missionary upon the personal and household goods education. In fourteen years, more than of missionaries (almost three times as one hundred thousand mission study much as in ordinary years), $3,500; (5) classes have been held. Over two milextra cost of the drugs and hospital sup- lion members of these classes are now plies used in the regular mission work, occupying positions of leadership in $8,500; (6) relief given on the field to churches. About two thousand persons missionaries and the work of other So- attended the conferences of 1916; many cieties, $5,000; (7) losses of property on thousands have been addressed during account of the war, $75,000. Other this last year by the secretaries; thouneeds that are the result of the war sands have attended the study classes, inbring the amount up to $530,000. stitutes and conventions in which these secretaries have taken part, and more The First Five Hundred Thousand than one million individuals have been reached by the printed material which A GREAT campaign for a million has been distributed.

dollars has been under way in the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Protecting the Lord's Day T sions. This has been due to the great HE Lord's Day League of New England has issued its twenty-second need and opportunity for a forward movement in missions. Calls have annual report, which indicates that no come from Latin America, Japan, unfavorable legislation has materialized China, Siam, India and the Philippines in the New England legislatures the for amounts ranging from $50,000 to past year, although some was threatened $100,000 for immediate needs. There which may appear in 1917. Fifteen is also the call for over $500,000 for bills were introduced in Massachusetts, war emergency needs in the mission most of them seeking to legalize certain fields. sports, games, trade and business on the Campaigns of education and glvmg, Lord's Day, but all were defeated.

held in Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleve- Several candidates favorable to intem- land, Chicago, St. Louis, Baltimore and perance and Sunday secularism were left Philadelphia, have resulted in greatly at home by voters. The efficient union stimulated interest in missionary work of Catholic, Protestant and reform and in gifts of from $35,000 to $102,- forces in aggressive and defensive work 000 in the different cities. The total is to be noted gratefully. The Governor promised to March 20th is $54°,000. of Massachusetts responded to the re- Over half of the desired million is se- quest of the League that military man- cured and most of the proposed ad- euvering and sham battles should not be vance work in the various fields is permitted in Massachusetts on Sunday_

FROM MANY LANDS

Allleriean Work in German standard for the mIsSIOnary training. The courses offered include elementary CRIDPS and advance courses in Bible Teaching, Language Study, Non-Christian Re- T HE state of war between Ger- ligions, Apologetics, Drawing, Mis- many and the United States ot' sions, Sanitation, Nursing and Medi- America does not end the activities of cine. The Institute furnishes to men the Gospel Committee for the distribu·· and women, at very low cost for board tion of the Scriptures and gosp!.'l litera· and tuition, an excellent opportunity to ture among Russians in the German prepare for definite Christian work at and Austrian war prison camps. The home or abroad. The practical experi- Scriptures and tracts are sent through. a ence offered with the curriculum studies Swedish committee and the workers m is of especial value. About 250 stuthe camps are pastors, returned mis- dents have gone out from the Institute sionaries, colporteurs, interpreters, sub- and are now working in many fields ordinate officials and Christian men under twenty-six different boards. among the Russian and other prisone:s. Recent dispatches encourage the belIef A school for Christian workers is tha t efforts to minister to the spiritual also held in connection with the Instineed of the multitude of war prisoners tute in Manhattan. This school has of various nationalities will not be pro- already trained many Christians ~n hibited or restricted. Therefore the evangelism, Bible teaching and mIs- Committee solicits the continued inter- sionary service. The classes for the est and support of all who can help in Spring term are to be held on Tuesdays its gospel distribution. If, at any time, from April 26th to June 26th at the work for prisoners in the camps of Institute Headquarters, 214 West 35th Central Powers should prove impos- Street. sible the Gospel Committee's assistance will be given to the needs of pris- oners in other lands. HOUle for ADlerican Lepers Some very encouraging letters from W HEN W. M. Danner, American Russian prisoners tell of the spiritual secretary of the Mission to results of the "Silent Evangelists." Evangelical churches have been organ- Lepers, accepted his relation. to this ized in some of the camps, with from 20 to 200 members each. The mem- work it was with athqeubitee~ee~xctlUoSf ivleepeeyrse. to bers of these churches are doing active raisin'g money for in Christian work among their fellow prisoners. ("Gospel Committee for the Orient where the miSSIOn mamtaInS Work among War Prisoners," Edwin M. Bulkley, Treas., Bible House, New so many g;acious refuges for these most York.) pathetic of all sufferers. But ~nterest in lepers abroad naturally bred mterest in lepers at home. People in general do not even guess how many cases of leprosy have developed in late years An Enlarged Missionary Training' within the bounds of continental United Institute States. Mr. Danner soon knew, and THE Union Missionary Training he found out besides that only two states Institute, which has been training -Louisiana and Massachusetts-have foreign missionaries in Brooklyn, N. Y., anything like proper arrangements for for over thirty years, has recently taken the care of such victims. He determined on a new lease of life with an enlarged to endeavor to get a federal institution program. I t is now conduc~ed unde.r that should be equally open to all lepers the auspices of the National Bible InstI- from all the states. He found from tute of New York and has purchased a several quarters hearty aid, especially very much larger building in a con- from government and missionary doctors venient location on Clinton Avenue, who had had Oriental experience. At Brooklyn. The new dean, Rev. A. J. the end of January, Congress passed the Ramsey, is an experienced teacher and bill for a national leprosarium-a place manager and has already set a new to satisfy the hearts of those who "are

outcasts from society but still have hu- The Institute last year sent fifty-three man tastes and feelings," as John Early students into different theological semi- passionately wrote from the solitary con- naries of the United States. Doubtless finement to which his leprosy condemns no other educational institution has such him in Washington. a record.

Baptist HOlue Mission Schools A BOldness Men's Gospel TeaID TH~ work of the Baptist. den?mina- CHRISTIAN business men banded to- gether and did effective Christian tlOn for negro educatlOn In the work on a large scale at Fairfield, Iowa. South began immediately after the Civil C. W. Wade was president and A. K. War, and they have now all told thirteen Harper, a brush manufacturer, is vicecolleges and ten secondary schools. Not president of the Business Men's Gospel all of the institutions given the name of Team of Fairfield. Organized six years college have a standard college grade. In ago, this Gospel Team is now known far the thirteen institutions of higher grade and wide throughout Iowa and other there were last year 4,262 pupils, and states for their success in holding union in the secondary schools 2,40I pupils. evangelistic campaigns. There are The equipment of some of the schools twenty-seven men in the team, among is excellent, the most valuable properties them a member of the Iowa legislature, a being Bishop College, $I30,000; More- banker, an editor, several college profeshouse College, $I30,000; Shaw Univer" sors, and men in various other lines of sity, $200,000; Virginia Union U niver- business. They have had thousands of sity, $300,000, and Spelman Seminary, conversions, and have raised a fund $325,000. Plans are making for the ex- which has been used in the religious edupenditure of $85,000 Il'ore at Spelman cation of many young men and women. Seminary, this money being a recent gift In no case, however, do they accept of the General Education Board. In money for their own services. the maintenance of these twenty-three schools the Home Mission Society spends The Approach to the Indian less than $90,000 a year, while the fees from pupils and the direct gifts to the REV. C. L. HALL, D.D., writing schools amount to probably five times as out of long experience in Indian much. A large proportion of the students pay their own way or have their works, says: expenses provided by friends. The ap- "To deal successfully with people of propriation of the Home Mission Society goes only toward the support of teachers different development we must recognize and the upkeep of buildings. There our common humanity. We are all made need be no fear that these negroes are in the image of God: White people are beinQ' pauperized by what is being done inclined to show a supercilious air of sufor them. periority. We display the 'white man's burden.' In past years the United States AGraduate" of the Moody Institute government tried to prevent the use of "REVIVAL CONFERENCE" the Indian languages by missionaries. lasting six days was held in Chicago They waged war against the Indian cusearly in the year. in commemoration of toms. The Indians carne to think that the eightieth anniversary of the birth of Christianity consisted in talking Eng- D. L. Moody and the thirtieth of the lish. Now, in the efforts of the Ethnofounding of the Moody Bible Institute. logical Bureau to conserve Indian his- tory and life, we are inclined to the oppo- More than I2,000 students have gone site extreme. Some idealize the Indian. forth from the Moody Institute-76o Others look at him as a specimen for the of them to the foreign field. Auxiliary museum. The mass are mere curiosity associations are to be organized in many hunters. The missionary must discoveI: other cities of the United States and a man like himself. other lands where groups of former students are located. "What has brought me closest to the Indian heart is our common human seeking after God, of whom we all feel

FROM MANY LANDS

the need. There are hills pointed out to saving, education, moral uplift, instrucus along the Missouri brakes where In- tion in cleanliness and hygiene. All our dian men have spent days fasting and schools and churches are fuller than praying and sometimes torturing them- ever. Some of the former are turning :;elves to get supernatural help. It may away applicants every day for lack of be blind seeking after God, but so has room. Our district slogan for 1917 is been mine." 'One thousand souls for Christ and doubled self-support.''' LATIN AMERICA Education That Counts Reaching M.exicans in Texas DESCRIBING the work of the REV. I. G. CHASTAIN, a Southern Protestant Episcopal Church in Baptist missionary, who had been Porto Rico, Bishop Colmore writes: driven out of Mexico by war conditions, "The country teems with children. In went in December to Houston, Tex., a territory just twice as large as Rhode and opened work among the Mexicans Island, we have a million and a quarter in a ward of the city called Magnolia people, and the population is increasing. Park, five miles from the courthouse. Our problem is not lack of children, but The city mission board has bought land rather how to give them a vision of life and built a tabernacle for the Mexicans, which will make them useful citizens the Mexicans themselves doing most of and fit them to meet the conditions the building free of charge. There are under which they are to live. Educafrom eighty to a hundred Mexican tion must be the basis of such training, families within easy reach of the taber- and the American government has done nacle. Many own their own homes; well in the establishment of an excellent others "~ve bought lots and are building. public school system. But education This lIl~ures the permanency of the which does not teach a people that the work. real object in life is Christian service is little better than none at all." He writes: "I mean to remain here for some weeks, hold a series of meet- Porto Ricans Made Americans ings and having organized the congregation turn it over to the Mexican U NT!L M~rch 2, when President brethren and move on to other places to WIlson SIgned the Porto Rican do a similar work. I find it much easier Civil Government Bill, Porto Ricans to reach the Mexicans here than in have been, since the close of the Span- Mexico, because here we do not have the ish-American War, a people without a opposition of the priests." country.

Methodist Work in Mexico On April 12, 1900, the Congress of the United States passed a law provid- IN the recent district convention of ing for a civil government. This law Methodist workers in Puebla, Mex- deprived the people of Porto Rico of their allegiance to the King of Spain, but ico, held early in January, daily classes it did not provide for transferring their were conducted in Bible and Mission alle~iance to the sovereignty of the Study, Aggressive Evangelism, Practical United States. Indeed, it was difficult, Methods for Sunday Schools and Ep- if not impossible, for a Porto Rican to worth Leagues. Three hundred people become an American citizen, because he looked at mission pictures and studied had no allegiance to forswear. He was special prayer meeting topics in the not an alien and he was not a citizen. evenings. "In several places," says Rev. The most important provision of the new F. F. Wolfe, "our work has made not- law is to end this anomaly, which has able progress, under conditions of trial existed for seventeen years. There is, and often of personal danger. If the however, a provision in the new bill pastors were driven out, school teachers granting leave to anyone on the island to or other members of the church came renounce his citizenship, provided his disforward and preached Christ crucified. And so goes forward the word of soul-

avowal be made within one year from Though the winds were bitter cold, she the date of the passage of the Act. Thus, lacked almost every last shred of protecthough citizenship has been granted in tion. Her face and body were blotched full, the individual Porto Rican has not with the rash of well-developed measles. been deprived of his liberty of choice, She stared before her, neither hope nor which, after all, is the essential thing in aespair showing in her features. But this question of citizenship. the big barbarian constantly raised his rawhide whip to lash the poor animal on TSocial Christianity in Brazil which the girl was riding, thus urging it HE workers connected with the Peo- into a gallop. Unearthly shrieks filled ple's Central Institute in Rio de the air each time the whip descended on Janeiro have not only been presenting the emaciated trunk of the poor brute. the Gospel for the individual through their preaching services, Sunday-school "These two were father and daughter. ;;nd Bible distribution, but have seen the Demons had haunted his home and had sig:1ificance of the Gos;JCl for the com- found his daughter a ready victim. But munity as a whole. One of their demons hate cold and noise, hence this achievements was the securing from the was the simplest way of compelling the municipal authorities two large plots of hateful enemies to break camp and to ground, one for a playground and the return to their mountain caves." other for an athletic field. A supply of modern apparatus and necessary material ~en7S1)nper EvangelisIll was secured. The mayor was present 0:1 the day of inauguration, furnished a ONE influential paper in Buenos band of music, gave a national flag and Aires, with a circulation of over made an address. IOO,OOO, has been publishing each week A seamen's missio;] is carried on suc- quotations from the gospels, headed, cessfully, with reading and game rooms, "Christianity According to Christ." On lodging and meals, religious and social receiving a query from an educated man work. The large percentage of infant as to the source of the quotations, the mortality in the community has led to in- paper replied with an editorial, "Are struction of the women in the principles You a Christian? Have You Read the of motherhood and the care of their Gospels?" One result of the editorial babies. I t is the business of the People's has been a large increase in sales of the Central Institute to win the individual Bible, the local Association distributing soul to Christ and to create a Christian Irany Scriptures to university students. civilization. "Vithin a few days the American Bible Society alone received 100 letters order- Patagonian Re:medy for lUeasles ing Bibles.

THE savage tribes of Patagonia be- El;ROPE lieve that a great, good spirit created Why One Church Gives the world, but that the affairs of everyday life are in the hands of the evil spirit SINCE Dr. Campbell Morg;an began and his imps. A novel way of combat- his ministry, in 1904, the contribuing the influence of the latter is shown in the following story: "One day, when tions from Westminster Chapel to the the snow was lying deep on the Cordil- london Missionary Society have risen lera mountains, suddenly two figures from £6 to over '£1,000 per annum, appeared upon the scene, both carried which, of course, includes some large inby galloping horses. One of them was dividual contributions. Some of the reaa heavy-built Tehuelche, dressed in a sons for this increase are: (I) The anskin loincloth and cloak and mounted on nual missionary sermon has been abana gigantic horse. Upon the other horse, doned and a missionary sermon preached which was old and sedate, sat a young on the third Sunday of each month. (2) girl, looking forlorn and pitiable. The church has given to missions one- tenth of all its contributions. (3 ) Every member on coming into member- ship is asked to subscribe systematicaIIy.

FROM MANY LANDS

(4) A missionary Sunday-school is held Christ in America. He comments: "It each Sunday morning, devoting the time requires little imagination to picture the almost entirely to the study of missions. distressed condition of these lIttle con- l'regatio;1s in Northern France and Bel- A Non-Conformist Cabinet gium. There are 439 of these home lY.is~ion churches and stations. Their M R. LLOYD GEORGE IS the ['ormal yearly expenditures are $162,000. "first Non-conformist in actual ;Iany of their buildings are gone. They membership with a Free Church to be v.onhip where they can-in residences, Prime Minister." The retiring premier, cellars and halls. Half their pastors are Mr. Asquith, had left Congregational- in ,var service. These home missio.1 ism for the Church of England long be- churcbes and Sunday-schools must have fore he acceded to the post of leader- help, or n a'1y of them will perish. I ship. Socially as well as religiously, the kf'oW that if I could only tell our own summary of the church affiliations of the churches and Sunday-schools, face to new cabinet "signifies a great advance in face, of the courage and sacrifice of these de!Locracy," observes the United Pres- suffering; men, women and children, and byterian, which states: of their tenacious faith, I am sure Dr. Anet, their representative now in this "Mr. Lloyd George is a Campbellite country, would not go away depressed Baptist. Mr. Bonar Law, a son of the by the failure of our Christian fellow- Presbvterian manse, is a Wee Free Pres- ship." byteri~n. He gets his name 'Bonar' from his father's admiration for Rev. EllrOllean 1fissionary Contributions Andrew Bonar, a well-known Scotch clergyman. Mr. Arthur Henderson is a REMARKABLE are the reports that Wesleyan IVlethodist lay-preacher and a come from the various missionary leader of the Brotherhood movement. organizations of Europe concerning the Sir F. E. Smith was brought up in Wes- way in which contributions for the work have kept up during the disturbed and leyan Methodism. Austen Chamberlain disturbing war conditions. Vhile purely has family links with Unitarianism. philanthropic work has suffered greatly, The Minister of Munitions, Dr. Addi- fina'1cially the foreign mission work "has fOn, is a Presbyterian. George Barnes, survived all the difficulties created in the Pension lYlinister, and one of the some fields by the war, and all the danproducts of the labor movement, is a gers threatened by the war pressure at Congregationalist. The Postmaster-Gen- home." In the case of some of the soeral, Albert Holden Illingworth, is a cieties there has even been increase in Baptist. John Hodge, the Minister of revenues. The London llissionary So- Labor, is a Vesleyan Methodist. Gor- ciety, the Church lYlissionary Society don Hewart, the Solicitor-General, had and the Vesleyan Society each reports early associations with Congregational- a'l income of about £8,000 greater than ism." that of the years immediately prior to the war, the last-named society in addi- Tragie Need "Of French P.·otestants tion raising last year an accumulated de- ficit of £9,510. The Baptist Missionary I N response to appeals made over a ~ociety for the first time in many years year ago, American churches raised closed its accounts in the second year of $80,000 for those French Protestant the war without a deficit. The Church churches which are self-supporting un- Missionary Society had a goodly balance der normal circumstances. N ow an at the end of the year. "The people equally urgent appeal is made in behalf have been quick to see," says the report of the Protestant mission churches of of one society, "that foreign missions Belgium and France. A cablegram may be considered as one religious exreading, "We need 500,000 francs be- pression of the Empire's duty to the fore April I 5. Will you undertake it?" world." was received in lVlarch bv Rev. Charles lVlcFarland, General Secretary of the Federal Council of the Churches of

TBibles for Hungarian Soldier.. union and for the present limit itself to HE war seems to be stirring the the work in China. Hungarian Church to renewed ac- tivity. This is very marked in connec- On the other hand, the committee felt tion with the provision and circulation of its responsibility toward the Christians Christian literature. The chaplains have and mission churches in British terri- many striking things to tell of this as- tory. These churches, the fruit of great pect of religious work among the troops. sacrifices, would be greatly hindered in Here is an incident, which, along with their future development if Basel did not others, has had a decided effect. In a do anything toward the continuance of hospital, hundreds of miles from home, the vvork. It vvas therefore resolved to a chaplain found a company of Hun- form a new society, composed of only nagarians whose limbs had been frozen off. tive Swiss, to take over the work in Words failed him at the sight. But one India and on the Gold Coast of Africa, provided that this society is recognized of the number said to him: "It might- by the British government.-Der Evan- gelische H eidenbote. have been worse, Sir." "Worse-how possible?" asked the chaplain; and to his OBITUARY NOTES query came the immediate reply, "Well, Sir, we might have lost the sight of our Dr. FarnhaDl, of China eyes, and then we could not have read the Word of God." The chaplain felt REV. J. M. W. FARNHAM, D.D., rebuked, but his narrative of the incident has resulted in a great impetus being died on February 17th at Shanghai, given throughout the whole Reformed China, vvhere he had been stationed for Church to the work of providing relig- fifty-seven years as a Presbyterian misious literature for the hospitals. Money sionary. He helped to translate the is being collected by congregations every- Bible into Chinese; he helped to orwhere in order to obtain supplies, and ganize the Chinese Tract Society, and many Presbyteries have voted grants to was its secretary for thirty-tvvo years; he the same end. More recently a further published tvvo papers, one for adults and step has been taken, namely, to provide one for children; he started boardingcopies of the gospels for prisoners of war. schools and introduced manual training, In the past year many churches have and he wrote many articles that are novv purchased large quantities to give away. published as Chinese school books. He Recently an order for 130,000 gospels has done a rr:onumental vvork for the reached the National Bible Society of Church in China. Scotland from the Hungarian Reformed Church, to be sent to Hungarian prison- A1II0se.. Monteith, of Idaho ers in Russia. This is the largest order MAN vvho in his youth was as for Holy Scriptures ever given in Hun- brave a Sioux Indian as ever gary. scalped an enemy died February 12th an honored Presbyterian pastor for many TThe Work of the Basel lIIi,,,,oIon.. years. Moses Monteith was pastor of HE British government has informed Second Kamiah Church, one of the Nez the Basel Mission Society of its de- Perces churches. Tradition says that he sire to have the society remove from its would have been a chief if he had taken committees and secretaryships all per- one more scalp. He was, however, consons who are not born Swiss. The verted and entered the school conducted Executive Committee of the Basel So- bv Miss Sue McBeth at Mount Idaho. ciety believes that this would mean the He was ordained to the ministry 25 years death of the Basel Mission, which was ago, and has been with the same church established by Swiss and Germans to- ever since. He often went to other gether and which for 100 years has ex- tribes at his own expense to preach the perienced the blessing of this union. The Gospel, and was known as the friend of committee resolved to maintain this both Indians and white people. Rowland Bateman, Nineteenth Century the present volumes. These are the Apostle. By R. Marconachie. 8vo. composite views harmonized by the Edi- 3 shillings. Church Missionary So- torial Committee. The result is an en- ciety, London, 1917. cyclopedia of information on the exist- Rowland Bateman went to India in ing conditions in Latin America, the religious and educational work, the 1868 and for thirty-three years worked message and methods most needed, in the Puniab, where his name became a women's work, the Church in the field, household word among the Christians. the Church at home, Christian litera- Indians and English alike looked upon ture, and co-operation and unity. him with respect and affection. He was a prince of itinerating evangelists, ignor- Emphasis is laid upon facts. The siting hardship, fishing for men with tire- uation is viewed from an evangelical less patience and with tactful skill, over- Christian standpoint and with much flowing with humor and good spirit, de- charitableness toward the Roman Cathvoted with his whole soul to his Master olic Church. The ignorance, immoraland his Master's work and, when fail- ity and irreligion of Latin America are ing health drove him home, leaving be- clearly evident and the uneducated and hind him organized churches and thou- unworthy priesthood of the Church that sands of Christian witnesses, where has dominated the land for 400 years is there were neither when he reached the very largely responsible. Some will obfield. An old time Indian friend tells ject because the Roman Catholic Church the story of his life with understand- is not more strongly denounced, but the ing and insight and delicacy and love. editors have endeavored to maintain a The biography is a fine sketch of a true calm judicial attitude and have sought to saint and apostle. present facts fearlessly and to avoid un- necessarily antagonizing those whom we The Panama Congress. 3 volumes. seek to win. Map. 12mo. 578, 452 and 556 pages. $2.50, net. Missionary Edu- If any doubt the need of evangelical cation Movement, New York, 1917. Christian missions in Mexico, Central and South America, they must either be The Congress on Christian Work in ignorant of facts or hopelessly prejudiced. Latin America was an epoch-marking There is need for a united and construcevent, and these extensive reports of the tive program to present Christ and His English Commissions are unquestion- Gospel in all clearness and fulness in ably the most valuable treatises that have order that both educated and ignorant been published on conditions in Latin may understand and believe. America and on missionary work in the Southern republics. They represent an These are volurr;tes that everyone inimmense amount of correspondence, read- terested in Christ's program for the ing and practical experience. North and world should obtain and study. They South and Central America were all are not dry reading but are packed full drawn upon for information. Native of facts and are enlivened with incidents. pastors and educators, as well as mis- They will long be valuable as books of sionaries in Latin America, answered reference. questionnaires and wrote information and .recommendations to the Commis- The Gateway to China, by Mary Ninde sions. All this material was carefully Gamewell. 12mo. 253 pp. $1.50, gathered, edited, reviewed, criticized net. Revell. and revised by the Commissions and at Mrs. Gamewell is especially fitted, the Congress before it was printed in both because of her residence in China and her quick insight, to reveal to the eyes of the uninitiated a very vivid idea

of Shanghai, the principal seaport town The story of them have already of China. brought gifts amounting to over three million dollars to relieve the suffering By lighting up the picture with inci- survivors of this ancient race. Eye wit- dent and story, she has given to the book nesses, German, American and native, . a peculiar brightness. Notwithstanding describe the awful scenes. The only re- this, she never seems to have lost sight of lief from the burden of the tragedy is to the fact that accuracy of detail is the true be found in gifts to the suffering people. test of a valuable book. Contributions may be sent to The Sy- rian and Armenian Relief Committee, To one who has been in Shanghai, the 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. book is peculiarly fascinating. A mere reading of the titles of some of the chap- The Spell of Egypt. By Archie Bell. ters, such as "The Lure of the Shops," Illus. 8vo. 366 pp. $2.50, net. The "A Peep Into the Schoolroom," "A Wiz- Page Co., Boston, 1916. ard Publishing House," recalls at once to one's mind the impressions made by a The fascination of Egypt is felt not personal visit and observation. only by travelers in the land of the Pharaohs and the pyramids, hut by all Mrs. Gamewell has not, however, con- interested in history, in religion, in an- fined herself to a mere etching of the tiquities and in literature. Mr. Bell's scenery of Shanghai, but has dealt with delightful description of what he saw in some of the newer problems in the devel- Egypt is most attractively published with opment of the Far East. She has gone many photographs and eight plates in to the heart of these problems, particu- color. After describing a visit to the larly in the chapters entitled "Foreign Azores and a trip through the Mediter- Philanthropies," "Chinese Successes in ranean to Alexandria, the author takes us Social Service" and "The Romance and for a voyage up the Nile in a dahabiyeh, Pathos of the Mills." and tells in easy, gossipy style the sights and events of the journey to mud villages, The problems of child labor, social markets, ruins and the fellaheen. He righteousness, industrial fairness, as well describes the mummies, the tombs and as the position of women, have all to be temples of the ancients, and the living dealt with while China is finding herself. people, the homes and amusements of If it is important that these questions be modern Egypt. Among the most inter- brought to the front in the midst of west- e~ting chapters are those describing the ern civilization, it is-far more urgent that "holy men" of to-day and the "gods" of they should not be overlooked in a great ancient times. plastic nation like China before her civ- ilization becomes hard and unimpression- The author saw the marriage proces- able. sions, the dances, the Moslem shrines and the Azhar University, but apparently lVlrs. Gamewell's own description of never heard of the wonderful work of the book, as pictures which she hopes will the Armenian Mission with its hospitals, awaken new love and admiration for its schools and colleges, its churches and the Chinese people, is perhaps the best its wonderful work in the cure of mod- statement of the purpose of the book. ern Egyptian physical and moral plagues and the dispelling of intellectual and The Treatment of Armenians in the Ot- spiritual darkness. toman Empire. Documents presented by Viscount Bryce. 8vo. 683 pp. 2 The spell of Egypt is real and is well shillings. T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., reproduced in Mr. Bell's narrative and London, 1916. description, but the people of Egypt need to be transformed by seeing again the These documents are clear and convin- divine Christ who visited the land in his cing evidence of the systematic effort to destroy Armenian Christians in Turkey infancy, but is not known DY the multi- by murder, deportation and forcible con- version. The sufferings of men, women tudes only through vague traditions. and children are heartrending.

A PREPAREDNESS PARADE IN WEST

Some of the Young Men Bible Readers' Brigade at Lolodorf Station. Cameroun Mission

THESE CHILDREN

AND THEY WILL BECOME CREATURES LIKE THESE There are more than fifty million children in Africa under eleven years of age.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1916 Index

<The ~issionary

CJ?..eviecw of the Worlel VOL. XXXIX. OLD SERIES VOL. XXIX. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editot-in-Chief. 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS BELLE M. BRAIN REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D.D. REV. S. G. INMAN BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, S.T.D. REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D. W. T. DEMAREST . MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY W. E. DOUGHTY REV. H. F. SWARTZ, D.D. REV. JOHN C. FAGG, D.D. REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS F. P. TURNER HARRY WADE HICKS REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D.

PUBf.ISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President FLEMING H. REVELL WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DICKINSON W. RICHARDS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D. PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH

BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARy REVIEW OF THE

Each year the 11ISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history. methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1916 MAPS, CHARTS AND CARTOONS PAGE PAGE Asia, Russian Advance in …………………. 328 Porto Rico, Evolution in………………….. 863 China, Comparative Size of United States and.. . . 89 South America, Comparative Size of. . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Etah District, India… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 – Missionary Map of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 Gifts to Foreign Missions, 1902-1915………… 87 Sudan and the Mandingo Country, West Africa… 408 Indian Pennies, Mile of… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 860 Turkey; Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow …… 914 Magazine Tree. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217 What Lack I yet? ……………………… 362 Mexico. Barrier can be Battered Down in …….. 579 Where the Men's Missionary Conventions Were Monument, Your.-What Shall It Be? … . . . . . .. 138 Held this Year, 1915-1916 ……………… 426 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Afghanistan, Group of Afridis Traveling in. . . . . .. 329 Bliss of Syria, Dr. and Mrs. Daniel…. . . . . . . . . .. 746 – Mohammedan Villagers of." …. , , . . . . . . . . .. 333 Blue Ridge, N. C., Latin-American Student Con- Africa, Beginning of a Mission School-First Pupils 412 – Gathering of Kru Mission Converts in ……. 597 ference …………………………….. 351 – Human Fetish in .. , …………………… 601 Boy Scouts Under the Old Roman Aqueduct, Near – Introducing Christian Family Ideals in. . . . . . .. 409 – Mr. Hilford's Pioneer Mission Station in West. 411 Smyrna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 673 – Typical Town Scene in West. . . •. . . . . . . . . . . .. 415 Brazil, Garden in Interior of Evangelical Hospital, – West, White" Ma 's .. Quarters at Akpap. . . . .. 771 African Mother's Meeting, First White Baby at a, RiodeJaneiro ………………………. 117 – Service in the Presbyterian Church of Rio de West ……………………………… 417 America, Making the Foreigner at Home in …… 513 Janeiro ……………………………. 115 – Need of Moral and Spiritual Sanitation in ….. 509 Buddhist Education in Burma… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 American Citizenship, Helping Boys into Christian Burma. Christian Education in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 – Christian Karen Jungle Chapel in…………. 12 Manhood and……………………….. 514 – First Christian Baptism at Kaha…………. 15 Armenian Orphans at Work on the Threshing Floor – Great Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon. . . . . . . . 1 – Native Christian Evangelists in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in Van…………………………….. 177 – Two Kachin Women of. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – Village School Children and Teacher in Van. .. 174 Cabrera, Luis …………………………… 801 Asia Minor, Mission School in ……………… 745 Canal Zone, Balboa Y. M. C. A. Club House in … 189 Assuit College a Force to Evangelize Moslems, –Union Chapel, Cristobal. …………….. 190 – – Wing of Hotel Tivoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Those Who Make…………………… , 666 Canton in Celebration of the Suppression of Gam- –FieldDayat………………………. 663 – Student Volunteers for Christian Life Service .. 664 bling………………………………. 575 Baron, The Rev. David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Catholic Industrial School for the Blind, Shanghai. 573 Basket-ball Among Students in Peking… . . . . . . .. 572 Chapel Car, Children's Meeting in ………… , 671 Belgium, City of Tremonde Destroyed by Bom- – – Railroad Men's Noon Meeting in the …… 679 China, Bondage of Filth and Poverty in… . . . . . .. 500 bardment………. " .. , . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 33 – Child of the Hope Receiving Home Enjoying – Protestant Church at Wasmes in 1850…. . . . .. 35 – Some of the Evangelical Pastors of. . . . . . . . . . .. 37 Noodles in ………………………….. 759 Bliss, Daniel, Statue of. , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 751 – Church Missionary Society Girls' School, Fuchau ……………………………. 481 PAGE PAGE China, Continuation Committee in their Fourth An- Korea, Victim of Heathen Law in …………… 501 Korean Colporteur ……………………… , 275 nual Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 689 – Man and Woman …………………….. 904 – "Door of Hope," Bride in ………………. 758 Lake Geneva Conference, Japanese Student Dele- – Girl Escaping to Door of Hope Receiving Home, gation at….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 355 Foochow Road ………………………. 753 Lansing, Secretary ……………………… , 801 – Headquarters of Princeton Y. M. C. A. Work in. 603 Latin-America, Cause and Result in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 844 – In Need-Typical Beggar Out-patient …….. 491 Latin-American Student Conference.. . . . . . . . . . .. 351 – Inside the "Saved by Grace" School. . . . . . . .. 761 Laymen's Missionary Campaigu and Congress – One of the Dying Religions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81 – Opportunity for the Ministry of Love in …. " 488 at Washington, D. C., Executive Officers of.. 424 – Republic, Wu Ting Fang and Long Shao Li of Lee, Dr. T. H ………………………….. 571 Lepers, Protestant Chapel for ………………. 357 the ……………………. , ………… 568 Li Yuan Hung………………………….. 570 – Rescued Girl in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 757 Liberia, Kru Devil Preacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 599 – Some Love at Work in …………………. 491 – Kru Girl of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 598 – Waiting………. " ………………….. 493 Long Shao Yi. ……… '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 568 Chinese Houseboat, Starting on a Journey on a … 6-75 "Lovest Thou Me?". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 488 – StudentS at a Northfield Religious Conference.. 353 Mackenzie, W. Douglas …………………… 401 – Students in the Commercial College conducted Malay States, Mahammedan Mosque at Kuala by Princeton Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 605 Lumpur.:………………………….. 347 .College Men Conducting a Boys' "Gym Club" Mandingo Girls, Showing National Garment and at Williamstown …………………….. .515 Headdress ………………………….. 413 Constantinople, Dr. Riggs, Dr. Goodell and Dr. Mardan, Dispensary Patients Waiting at the New Schauffier Translating the Bible in. . . . . . . . .. 277 Zenana Hospital. …………………….. 431 – Turkish Quarter of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 721 – Some Out-patients at Zenana Hospital. . . . . . .. 433 Continuation Committee in their Fourth Annual Mathews, Shailer………………………. " 401 McConnell, Bishop F. J …………………… 401 Session, China …………………….. " 689 McQuere, William …………… , …………. 281 Cuba, Girls' Dormitory of the El Cristo Baptist Mexicans Know, Only God Some……………. 581 Mexico, Another Force for Permanent Peace in … 818 School near Santiago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 844 – Group of Country People in Guerrero. . . . . . .. 611 Dervishes in Constantinople, Sect of Whirling. . .. 743 – Independence Day Holiday in……………. 812 Eddy, Geo. Sherwood …………………… " 401 – Members of the American-Mexican Peace Egypt, Students Coming to Chapel at Assuit Conference…………………………. 801 College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 – Needs a New Program, Why………….. 814,815 Ewing, Arthur.. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 826 – One of the New Forces for Peace in ……… " 817 Filipinos, the Blessing of Labor, Teaching .. '" . .. 504 – Peon Family at Home in ……………….. 183 Fisherman'S Money-jug…………………… 375 – Political Excitement in…………………. 816 Foreigner at Home in America, Making the …… 513 – Preparedness Program for …………….. " 819 Foreigner's Opinion of America…………… " 511 – Tehuana Matron with a $3,000 Gold Coin Neck- Gambling, Procession in Canton in Celebration of lace, Tehuantepec……………………. 185 the Suppression of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 575 – Tehuana Woman in Wedding Dress, Tehuan- Goodell, Dr., Dr. Riggs, and Dr. Schauffier Trans- tepec ……………………………… 185 lating the Bible in Constantinople. . . . . . . . . .. 277 – Typical Home of the Peon Class in ……….. 181 Gordon, S. D…………………………. " 401 Military Posters Adapted to Appeals for Mis- Hilford, Mr. and Mrs., and Son…………….. 409 India, Babies' Beds in the Plague Hospital at Miraj. 269 sionary Recruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 696 -Children's Ward in the Miraj Hospital. ….. 271 Missionary Children Starting for America from – Operating-room in the Preshyterian Mission Van, in Times of Peace……………….. 179 Hospital, Miraj ……………………… 272 Mohammedan Mosque at Kuala Lumpur …….. 347 Industrial School for the Blind, Shanghai. . . . . . .. 573 – Villagers of Afghanistan ………………… 333 Japan, Congregational Church ……………… 337 Moslem. Twins Whom the Missionaries in Smyrna – Facsimile of Card in Card Index. . •. ••. . . . . . .. 653 – Involuntary Missionary in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 648 Kept Alive with Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 668 – Rev. Albertus Pieters, at his Desk in Oita. . . . .. 649 Moton, Major Robert R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106 – Setting Type for Chinese Bibles in the Fuknin Mott, John R .•………………………. 401, 801 National Bible Institute Headquarters ………. 281 Printing-house, yokohama…………….. 273 New Haven, Week-night Meeting at the Yale Hope Japanese Newspaper, Gospel Advertised in a ….. 651 – Nicodemus: Murata Wakasa no Kami. ……. 657 Mission ……………………………. 285 – Rapid Transit when Dr. Thompson Arrived in New York, National Bible Institute Meeting in Tokyo …………………………….. 659 Herald Square ………………………. 279 – Student Delegation at Lake Geneva Conference 355 -Sleeping on the Floor of the National Bible In- Karen Girl, Missionary and a Christian. . . . . . . .. 16 – Jungle Chapel in Burma, Christian… .. . …. 12 stitute's Beacon Light Gospel Hall ………. 283 Kimura San……………………………. 321 Northfield Religious Conference, Chinese Students – with His Wife and Two Daughters……….. , 337 Kimura's Meetings for Japanese, One of ……… 339 at a ……………… : ……………..• 353 Kongo Christian Soldier, Little ……………. , 438 Oldham, Bishop William F ………………… 589 Korea, Sabbath Congregation at Taiku ………. 50S Panama Canal Zone, Balboa Administration Build- – Sunday School Convention •…………….. 881 – Union Evangelistic Hall, Seoul………….. 4 ing and Settlement in the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 187 – City, Street Scene in …………………… 188 – Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America .. 248

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Thompson, Dr. David……………………. 641 Panama, Hotel Tivoli, Where the Congress Met at 249 –and his Students in 1871……………… 655 Pathans of Afghanistan…………………… 331 Tsur, Dr. Y. L………………………….. 571 Peace Conference at Hotel Biltmore, New York, Turk of the Lower Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 739 – Village Scene in the Land of the………….. 736 American-Mexican. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 801 Turkey, Bird's-eye View of Van and the Lake, from Peking, American and Chinese Staff of the Prince- Castle Rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173 ton Center in ……………………….. 602 – Castle Rock, iust outside the city of Van. . . . .. 172 – Basket-ball Among Students in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 572 Turkish Writing………………………… 921 Pierson Memorial Bible School Property in Seoul.. 494 Turks, One Phase of the Religion of the.. . . . . . . .. 743 Pieters, Rev. Albertus, at His Desk in Oita. . . . .. 649 Tuskegee Institute as it was on Commencement Poling, Chang………………………….. 571 Po,ters to Christian Missions, Adapting Military Sunday, 1915……………………….. 101 – – a s it was Twenty-five Years ago ……….. 100 Recruiting…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 695 Underwood, Horace Grant. ……………. 902, 904 Princeton Y. M. C. A. Work in China, Head- Van and the Lake, from Castle Rock, Bird's-eye quarters of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 603 View of. …………………………… 173 Raynolds, Dr. George C., of Van ……………. 170 – Armenian Orphans at Work on the Threshing Reis, Pa,tor Alvaro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 116 Riggs. Dr., Dr. Goodell and Dr. Schauffier Trans- Floorin.. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . … 177 – Village School Children and Teacher in… . . . .. 174 lating the Bible in Constantinople. . . … . . . .. 277 – in Times of Peace, Missionary Children starting Schauffier, Dr., Dr. Riggs, Dr. Goodell Translating for America from.. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 179 the Bible in Constantinople…………….. 277 -on the Border, between Russia, Persia, and Seeking Men ……………………………. 511 Shanghai, Catholic Industrial School for the Blind Turkey……………………………. 169 – Place of Refuge-The American Mission Prem- in………………………………… 573 – Home for the First-year Girls of the "Door of ises in …………………………….. 175 – Some of the Buildings of the American Mission Hope ………………………………. 755 Siam, Market Day Scene in Chieng Mai, North .. 499 in ………………………………… 171 – River Boat in the North of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 500 – Turkey, Castle Rock, Just out,ide the city of.. 172 Slessor, Mary N….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 769 Wallace, A. J …………………………… 401 – The Okoyong Household in Scotland………. 770 Wang, Cheng-Ting………………………. 561 Smyrna, Boy Scouts Under the Old Roman Aque- Washington, Booker T……………. ………. 99 – – speaking during the Louisiana Tour of 1915. 103 duct Near………………………….. 673 -influenced the Negro Crowd, How the Negro… 105 – Christian Work Among Starving Moslems in.. 671 – D. C., National Missionary €:ongress in ……. 425 – from Mt. Pagus, View of…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 669 Wasmes, Built in 1901, Third Church at……… 3S – Typical Group of Turkish Children in a Bazaar Wen Shih-Tsen …………………………. 571 Wilder, Amos P …………………………. 401 in………………………………… 670 Wu Ting Fang………………………….. 568 – Typical Street in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 667 Yale Hope Mission, New Haven, Week-night Meet- South America in the Open Air, Evangelical Mis- ing in the ………………………….. 285 sionary Preaching in………………… 844 Yuan Shih-Kai…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 South Americans Worship, What Some ………. 841 Speer, Robert E. ………………………… 241 Speers, James M ………………………… 401 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ANDERSON, HERBERT….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 265 DUBE, JOHN L …………………………. 205 EDDY, D. BREWER………………………. 451 ANET, HENRI K………………………… 33 BARON, DAVID………………………….. 197 EDDY, G. SHERWOOD …………………….. 443 BARTON, JAMES L ………………………. 774 EMENS. E. A …………………………… 427 BEST, NOLAN R ………………………… 425 FRITCHLEY. E. W ..•…………………….. 682 BLISS, THEODORA CROSBy…….. . ………. 373 GILL, HOPE ………..•…………………. 209 BRAIN, BELLE M ….. 51, 131, 213, 291, 373, 451, 533 GLASGOW, SAMUEL McP……………….. 212 849 GOFORTH, JONATHAN …………………….. 204 693 777 853 GORDO"", A. J.. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 130 GORDON, S. DO' ………………………… 820 BROWN, ARTHUR J ……………………… 911 GRENFELL, LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 GRIER, M. B…………………………… 201 BROWN, C. MAUD ………………………. 619 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT ………………… 655 BURGESS, JOHN STEWART… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 603 GULICK, SIDNEY L…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • .. 685 BUTLER, JOHN W ……………………….. 813 HAHN, THEO. F…. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • .• 38 BUTLER, MRS. JOHN W …………………… 181 HALLIWELL, HERBERT……………………. 278 CABRERA, LUIs…………………………. 831 HARLOW, S. RALPH ……………………… 667 CLARK, J. L …………………………… 426 HAVEN, WM. I. ………………………… 273 CORY, ABRAM E ………………………… 764 HICKS, HARRY WADE ……………………. 845 CROWTHER, J. E ………………………… 449 HILFORD. M. R …•…………………….. 409 CUNNINGHAM, R ………………………… 128 HILL, MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT……………. 675 CURTIS, PIERSON ……………………….. 279 DANNER, W. M ………………………… 357 DANIELS, MARY LOUiSE ……•……•..••. 132 697

PAGE PAGE HOLST, M. K. S ……………………… 329 431 RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • 99 HUDSPETH, W. D ……………………….. 127 RIGGS, C. T …………………….. 737. 915, 939 HUME, ROBERT A ………………………. 350 RINDGE, FRED H……… . ………•. 509 HUNTER, ETHEL HAMILTON…. .. … .. 200 ROBBINS, HOWARD CHANDLER…… 19 HURREY, CHARLES DUBOIS ……………….. 351 ROBBINS. J. C ….. :………….. 932 HUSTED, JAMES D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 ROBERTS, LORD……… …… . ……. ….. 450 INMAN, S. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359, 801 Ross, CYRIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 INNES. GEORGE…………………………. 661 ROWLAND, CHARLES A ……………………. 425 ISMAIL, MOHAMMED ……………………… 827 SAILLENS, RUBEN ……………………….. 289 JEFFERYS, W. H….. . ………………… 490 SANDERS, MRS. ROBERT STUART. . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 JONES, GEORGE HEBER… . . . . . … 590, 803 SCHAUFFLER, MRS. A. F ………………….. 767 JOWETT, JOHN HENRy …………………. 363 495 SCHIEFFELIN, DR. W,LLIAM J.. . . . . . 425 KOMATSU, MmORI. ………….. , ………… 891 SCHULZE, PAUL …………………………. 367 Koo, V. K. WELLINGTON…………………. 763 SCOTT, CHARLES E… ….. ……………. …. 89 LEONARD, GEORGE L….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 595 SHEDD, W,LLIAM A ………………………. 585 MACKAY, ISABELLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 SHUEY, E. L ……………………………. 425 MACPHAIL, J. M ……………………….. 369 SINGH, ST. NiHAL ……………………….. 269 MARTIN, MRS. MOTTE …………………… 438 SMITH, EGBERT W ……………………….. 135 MAXWELL, CHARLES H…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 688 SPEER, ROBERT E ………. 109 249.341,517,576, 935 McAFEE, J. ERNEST…………………….. 92$ SPEERS, THOMAS GUTHRIE…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 499 MCCLENAHAN, R. S.. …………………… 6.63 STEAR"S, D. M. ……………………….. 46 M'CRAE, MISS LEE……………………… 525 STUNTZ, HOMER C ….•………………….. 118 METHUEN, LORD ……………………….. , 450 SWARTZ, HERMAN F………………… 192 MEYERS, MISS ANNA EDITH ………………• 677 TANAKA, T …………………………….. 825 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 TASKER, FRED E….. . . . . . . . 427 MONTGOMERY, JAMES M ………………….. 426 TAYLOR, W. E……… ….. .. ……….. 529 MORRIS, MISS M. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 THWING, E. W…….. ………… 123 MOTT, JOHN R ………………………….. 694 TISDALL, CHARLES E. G…… 347 NASSAU, ROBERT HAMILL …………………. 507 TUCKER, BISHOP………… . .. " ….. 208 OKUMA, COUNT …………………………. 825 UNDERWOOD, MRS. H. G……. 903 OLDHAM, W. F…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……. 340,592 VAN DYKE. HENRy………….. 772 OSUNA, ANDRES. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 VAN PEURSEM, MRS. G. D… 773 PALMER, FRANCIS…………… 941 WALLACE, MRS. WILLIAM … . 579 PIERSON, DELAVAN L.. …. . . . . . . 419 WANG, C. T …………. . 569 PIERSON, MRS. DELAVAN L ……………….. 335 WEBSTER, GEORGE SmNEY … . 187 PIETERS, ALBERTUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 649 WHERRY, E. M ……………. . 445 POLLARD, SAMUEL ……………………….• 108 WILLIAMS, MRS. J. M ………. . 218 POTEAT, E. M ………………………….. 428 W,LL,AMS, WALTER B …….. . 597 PRICE, WILLARD ……. , ………………….. 528 WILSON, SAMUEL G …….. . 683 RAYNOLDS, G C …………………………. 169 WINTON, G. B …………. . 611 REIS, ALVARO …………………………… 115 ZWEMER, SAMUEL M ……. . . ……… 24, 523 SUBJECTS * PAGE PAGE ABYSSINIA, Bible in…………………….. 461 Advertising the Gospel in Japan (aJ. A. Pieters .. 649 Africa in 1915………………………….. 3 Afghan Frontier, On the………………….. 627 AFGHANISTAN Remain Closed, How Long Must – !tongolo, The Black Fisherman (b). R. H.

(aJ. M. K. S. Holst ………………….. 329 Nassau…………………………….. 507 – Remain Without Missionaries. How Long Must – Letter from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315 (a). M. K. S. Holst …………………. 431 AFRICA, Black Problem in South (b). J. L. Dube 205 – Mass Movement in Central…. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 565 – British Missionaries Interned in .. ………. .. 396 – Busoga Christian Chief in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 711 – Missionaries Returning to West. …………. 325 – Consecrated to Work for Moslems ………… 632 – Drink for ……………………………. 462 – Moslem Woman Defies a Sheikh ………….. 555 – East, Effects of War in…………………. 875 – East, Unfinished Task in ……………….. 712 – New Mandingo Association in…….•…….. 872 – Experiment in East …………. " ………. 732 – Fighting the Devil in (a). W. B. Williams …. 597 – New Missionaries for …………………… 798 – German Catholic Missions in …………….. 463 – German Mission sin …… ………… .. 396, 9j6 – New Race of Pigmies in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 876 – Pag"nism on the Gold Coast…………….. 462 – Revival in Sout'h.. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 235 – Setting Too High a Standard for America, is .. , 442 – Striking Facts About (bJ. J. E. Crowther …. 449 – Suffering of German 1:1issions in. . . . . . . . 38 – To-morrow in.. .. . . . . . .. ……………… 401 – West, News from…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu St:;tement ….. 148 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length.

All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month when any given article + appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. + 80 = 6, 1 '" 7 Ouly).

INDEX

PAGE PACE African Boy, Through the Eyes of an………. 207 Australian Bible Institute. . . . • . . . . . . . . 397 – Boys, English of ………………………. 633 Austrian Jews, Plight of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 – Evangelists, Devoted.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 BAGANDA Missionaries for the Sudan ……….. 155 – Native Christian on the War. ……………. 397 Balkans in 1915. ……………………….. 2 – News, Recent West …………………… 316 Baptism. Heathen's Idea of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 708 – Problem, Solving the …………………… 409 Baptist Convention in Mexico, Southern ……… 617 Africans, College for. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 – Secretary. New……….. " . ……… 63 Afro-American Synod….. ; . . . . . . . . . 635 – Work in PortugaL………….. . ……… 865 Aitchison, J. T., Baptist Secretary…. 636 Baptists to Enter Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 546 ALASKA Opportunity in………. 794 BAROTSILAND, King Lewanika of (b)….. 287 – Progress in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 -and Basutoland…………………. 314 – Union Work for (a). J. E. McAfee. 925 Basutoland and Barotsiland.. . . 314 Alaskan Indian's Sermon. ….. . 544 Beatty, Sir David, on a Revival in Britain. . 225 Algerian Women Baptized……. . . . . . . . 235 BELGIUM in 1915…….. ………….. …… 2 Amazon, Bible Colportage on the. 153 – Protestltnt Churches in (a). H. K. Anet. . . . . . 33 AMERICA, Churches on Wheels in the West (al – Suffering in France and………… ……. 523 Miss A. E. Meyers……… … .. … 677 Best Methods, Department of. Miss B. M.

-in the Far East……… ………. 73 Brain. 51.131,213.291.373.451,533.693.777.853 – Italians in …………… . 636 –from Many Magazines ……………….. 291 – Japanese. View of ….. . 715 – – from Many Missionary Workers ……….. 533 – Ministry in ………. . 151 BmLE, Buddhist Girls Learn ………………. 790 – Negroes in……….. . 635 – Colportage on the Amazon. . . . 153 – Self-exiled in (b). Miss L. M·Crae ….. '" … 525 – Distribution, Century of (aJ. W. 1. Haven…. 273 – Troopers' Bible Class ………….. . 874 – in Abyssinia …………………………. 461 – World Challenge to W. F. Oldham……. . 340 – Institute, Australian …………………… 397 American Bible Society, Hundred Years of (a). – Prisoner and the.. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 W. L Haven………………… . 273 944 – Society, Centennial of the American. . 223 American Board in Mexico ….. 616 – Yuan Shih Kai and the (a). E. W. Thwing … 123 – Church and the Task .. . 465 Bibles by the Hundred Thousand …………… 386 – Church Statistics ……. . 167 – for the German Troops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226 – Indians as Farmers .. R75 -for Troops and Mexicans ……………….. 716 – Missionaries in Turkey. . 304 -for West Point Cadets……………… 543 – Schools in the Philippines…….. 233 – in Korea………………….. … 871 – Work for Moslems….. . . . . . . . . . 224 – Lost at Sea………. …… . 317 AMOY, Visit to Picturesque (b) Mrs. W. B. Hill. 675 – Needed for Soldiers…. . 623 Ance~tor Worship in China, Views of., 883 – Porto Ricans Know Their. 385 ANGOLA, Child-sacrifice in…….. 315 Birthday Box, Missionary. . . . . . . 856 Anniversaries of 1916. Missionary,.. 57 Black Problem in South Africa (b). J. L. Dube.. 205 Appeal from Indian Villages…. . . . . . . 230 Blessings, Stagnant ………. . 62 Appealing to the Heroic. J. R. Mott.. . . 694 Blind in China. Schools for the … 552 Apostle of Christian Unity, David Thompson. An -of India…………….. . 302 (a). W. E. Griffis………… 655 Bliss, Daniel, Grand Old Man of Syria (a). D. S.

Arab, Object Lesson for the. . . . . . . . 228 Dodge…… …………………… 747 ARABIA, Armenian Workers in…. . '710 BOLIVIA, Changes in …………………….. 468 -in 1915 …………………… . BOOKS, New. 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480. 639, 559 – Revolt in ……………………………. 564 – Administration of Indian Affairs in Canada.

– Under Arrest in Turkish ………………… 146 F. H. Abbott…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 ARGENTINA, Evangelical Conference in.. . . . . . .. 545 – Along the Trail. S. G. Pomeroy.. 159 ARMENIA, Conditions in …………. 228. 786, 945 – Annual Report of the Foreign Missions Con- – Mercy for (Poem). Henry van Dyke……… 772 ference of North America, 1915………… 80 – Thrilling Experiences in (a). G. C. Reynolds.. 169 – Apostles of India. J. N. Ogilvie ………… 880 Armenian Atrocities, German Protest Against….. 867 – Bahaism and its Claim. S. G. Wilson. . . . . . .. 159 – Problem. German View of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 304 – Black Prophet. G. F. Phelps……………. 880 – Refugees at Port Said………………….. 396 – Black Sheep. J. K Mackenzie ………….. 557 – Refugees in Cairo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 – Blood Against Blood. A. S. Booth-Clebborn .. 160 – Refugees, Russians Help. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469 – Call to Service P. E. Howard ………….. 238 – Workers in Arabia…………….. .. 710 – Called. E. M. Crawford…….. ……. ….. 78 Armenians, Future of the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 625 – Campaigning for Christ in Japan. S. H.

– Latest News of the ……………… '" 305 Wainwright ………………………… 800 -Sold in Turkey ……………………….. 227 – Carol-Sweet Lover of Christ ……………. 559 – Under Persecution …………………….. 388 – Centennial History of the American Bible Armenia's Hope …………………………. 548 Society. H. O. Dwight ………………. 799 Army, Indian Christians in the. . . . . . . . . . . 303 _ Challenge to Life Service. F. M. Harris and ASIA, Casting Out Demons in (a). T. G. Speers. 499 J. C. Robbins ……………………….. 880 – Japan's Leadership in (a). R. E. Speer ……. 517 _ Children of South America. Mrs. K. A. Hodge. 239 – What an American Saw in (b). W. Price ….. 528 _ Children of Wild Australia. H. Pitts. . . . . . .. 239 Assuit College as a Factor in Evangelization of ~ Children's Missionary Story Sermons. H. T.

Islam Ca). R. S. McClenflhan.. . • . . . . . . . .. 663 n Xerr …………………. " ……… ····

PAGE PAGE Books-China Mission Year Book in 1915. D. Books-New Life in Christ Jesus. C. 1. Scofield. . 77 MacGillivray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 879 – Nez Perces Since Lewis and Clark. K. C. Mc- – Christian Literature in the Mission Field. J. Beth ……………………………… , 239 H. Ritson…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 – Old Spain and New America. R. McLean and – Christian Movement in the Japanese Empire. G. P. Williams ………………………. 879 J. L. Dearing ……………………….. 879 – Overtaking the Centuries. A. E. Paddock….. 160 – Penetrating South America's Darkest Part. A. – Christian Psychology. J. Stalker. . . . . . . . . . . .. 160 – Church Finance. F. A. Agar. …………… 480 R. Hay……………………………. 78 – Conditions Among the Indians on the North- – Reapers of His Harvest. J. T. Faris …….. , 480 – Reign of the Prince of Peace. R. H. Mc- west Coast. S. A. Elliot…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – Conditions of the Flat Head Indians. W. H. Clearney ………………………….. , 239 – Revelation. A. C. Goebelein …………… , 159 Ketcham…………………………… 79 -Round Dozen. C. 1. Davidson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 – Confessions of a Hyphenated American. E. A. – Septuagenary of the Presbyterian Mission Press, Steiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 479 Shanghai. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320 – Constantinople, Old and New. H. G. Dwight.. 77 – Short History of Japan. E. W. Clement. .. _., 800 -CrisisintheHistoryofthePapacy. J. McCabe 638 – Sketches from Formosa. W. Campbell …….. 319 – Slessor, Mary of Calebar. W. P. Livingstone. 238 – De"olution in Mission Administration. D. J. -Sputh To-day. J. M. Moore ……………. 800 – Students of Asia. S. Eddy ……………. _. 157 Fleming…………………………. 399,639 – Sunday-School Missionary Incidents and – Disintegration of Islam. S. M. Zwemer ……. 879 – Dravidian Gods. W. T. Elmore …………. 479 Exercises. J. W. Somerdike ………….. , 880 – End of the Law. Gilmore and Smith ……… 240 – Sunday-School Teacher and the Program of – Ethics of Confucius. M. M. Dawson …….. 477 – Fifty Years of Association Work Among Young Jesus. G. H. Trull and J. S. Stowell …….. 319 – Three R's of Rescue Mission Work. P. J. Women. E. Wilson ………………….. 557 – Five Hundred Thousand of a Hundred Millions. 79 Roberts….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79 – Future of South America. R. W. Babson ….. 159 – Tourist Guide to Latin America …………. . 78 – Hero of the Frontier. A. M. Pennell ……… 558 – Union of Christian Forces in America. R. A. -Historic Churches of Mexico. Mrs. J. W. Ashworth …………………………. . 399 Butler …………………………….. 159 – War and the Jew. S. B. Rohold ……….. . 79 – Home Missions Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – War Journal of a Missionary in Persia …….. 320 – Home Missions in Action. E. H. Allen.. . . . . . 79 – Was it Worth While? Life of Theodore Storrs -How to Live. 1. Fisher and E. L. Fisk …… 239 – In the Wake of the War Canoe. W. H. Collison 558 Lee ………………………………. , 558 – India and its Faiths. J. B. Pratt…………. 237 – Western Hemisphere To-day and To-morrow. – India's Protestant Missionary Directory. J. F. H. Giddings……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Inglis…… . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78 – Why and How of Missions in the Sunday-School. – Inspiration of Responsibility and Other Papers. W. Brown…•………………………• 880 C. H. Brent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 639 – Will of God and a Man's Life Work. H. B. – Introducing the American Spirit. E. A. Steiner 159 – Japan and America. C. Crow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 719 Wright …………………………….. 559 -Japanese Crisis. A. B. Scherer …………… 720 – Winning the World for Christ. W. R. Lambuth 77 – Kingdom in History and Prophecy. L. S. – Working Women of Japan. S. L. Gulick ….. , 158 – World Missions and World Peace. C. A. Mason 638 Chafer………………………….. 239, 479 Borden Memorial Hospital, China, At the …… 791 – Land of the Cherry Blossoms. M. W. ¥adden 238 – in Kansu ……………………………. 553 – Leavening the Levant. J. K. Greene ……… 799 BOSTON Laymen Organize ……………….. 223 – Leaves from the Log of a Sky Pilot. W. P. Boy Scouts. McAll Mission and the ………….. 623 BRAZIL. Baptists to Enter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Puddefoot ………………………….. 557 – Evangelical Colony in ………………….. 221 – Life Abiding and Abounding. W. H. G. Thomas 559 -FiveYears·Workin …………………… 65 – Man and His Money. H. R. Calkins……… 78 – Revival Meeting in…………………… , 795 – Mary Bird in Persia. C. C. Rice …………. 319 – Warning Against Colporteurs in …………. 716 – Mary Slessor. of Calabar. W. P. Livingstone. 767 – Wide-awake Church in (a). A. Reis ……… 115 – Masmoud the Bedouin. A. P. Carhart.. …… 77 Brazilian's View of Protestant Missions. . . . . . . . .. 154 – Maze of the Nations. G. G. Atkins………. 79 Breaking Home Ties ……………………… 702 – Men and World Service ………………… 880 Brent's Report on China, Bishop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 – Mikado-Institution and Person. W. E. Griffis 319 Britain. Revival Needed in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 – Missionary Calendar 1916………………. 79 British and German Missions ………………. 139 – Missionary Crusaders. C. Field ………….. 558 – Isles in 1915 ………………………… . – Missionary Speaker and Reader. W. E. Cule. 79 – Laymen's Movement and the War ………… 622 – Missions and Leadership. J. C. White …….. 157 – Missionaries in Mrica, Interned. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396 – Missions VS. Militarism. R. G. Stevenson ….. 638 – – i n German East Africa ……………….. 234 – Modern Movements Among Moslems. S. G. – Missionary Finances …………………… 166 – Missions to Jews ……………………… 710 Wilson …………………………….. 477 –War and ………………………….. 65 – Mohammed or Christ. S. M. Zwemer…….. 557 – Universities. Orientll.l Students in …………. 226 – Moscow to the Persian Gulf. B. B. Moore …. 478 Buddhism. Romanism and ………………… 703 – Most Vital Mission Problem of the Day. F. Buddhist Comments on Christian Conference in Schwager…………………………… 158 Japan ……………………………… 394 – My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. E. Cooper 158 – Nancy's Mother. J. C. Cochran…………. 239 PAGE PAGE Buddhist, Girls Learn Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 790 China, How the Revival Came in (b). M.B.Grier. 201 – Opposition to Christian Sunday-schools…….. 631 -in 1915……………………………… 3 – Priests Oppose School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69 – Inland Mission in War Time …………….. 149 Buddhists Start Sunday-school. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 – Inland Mission Notes ………………….. 306 Bukumba, Little Brown Soldier in Brownie Land – Japan Influencing……………………… 554 (a). Mrs. M. Martin ………………… 438 – Land of Surprises (b). S. Pollard ………… 107 Bulgarian Christian Campaign.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 – Lord's Day in ………………………… 307 Bulletin Board, Announcement of the ………… 217 – Marked Changes in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 565 BURMA, Charms of (a). Mrs. H. B. Mont- – New Cathedral in……………………… 307 gomery……………………………. 9 – New Conditions in (a). C. T. Wang………. 569 – New Judson Memorial in ……………….. 627 – New President of. …………………….. 790 – Opium in……………………………. 551 -OldandNew…………………………. 98 Business, Christian Men in ……•………….. 793 – Opportunity in Chengtu ………………… 307 -for Missions, Gives up ………………….. 714 – Political Outlook in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Missionary… .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 – Princeton's Work in (a). J. S. Burgess ……. 603 C. M. S. Losses Through the War. ………….. 309 – Public Health Campaign in ……………… 306 Cairo, Reaching the Young Men in ………….. 633 – Results Gathered in ……………………. 393 – President Charles R. Watson of. …………. 542 – Results of a Y. M. C. A. Campaign in……… 553 – Work for Moslem Children in ……………. 875 – Revival Meetings in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 553 CALABAR, The White "Ma" of (a). Mrs. A. F. – Revolt in……………………………. 474 Schauffier………………………….. 767 – Schools for the Blind in ……………….. 552 Call, Getting a .. , ……………………….. 783 – Scout Movement in ……………………. 231 – of Christ to Me (Poem) ………………… 362 – Slave Girls Sold in …………………….. 552 Campaign in England …………………….. 387 ~ Striking Facts About ….. 0; • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 98 CANADA, Aborigines in …………………… 312 – Suffering of German Missions in…… . . . . . . .. 39 – and Prohibition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 715 – The Coming Power (a). C. E. Scott…. . . . . .. 89 – Church Union for ……………………… 566 – Tithing in Spite of Famine in ……………. 870 – Statistics of Protestant Foreign Missionary – Twenty Rich Years in (a). From a Missionary Societies of. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168 Viewpoint ………………………….. 689 – Temperance Reform in …………………. 794 – Twenty-five Years in Honan …………….. 324 – War Problems in ……… , …………….. 384 – Union Meetings in War Time in ………….• 393 Carey House Purchased.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 796 – Union Theological Seminary in …………… 473 Carey's Test Outlined, William …………….. 861 – Unoccupied Territory in ………………… 141 Caste, Breaking of…………………….. 69, 868 – What Missionaries Have Done for (b). V. K.

Casting out Demons in Asia (a). T. G. Speers … 499 W. Koo ……………………………. 763 Century of Bible Distribution (a). W. 1. Haven .. 273 – What Progress Has Been Made …………… 232 – of Missions, After a……………………. 61 China's Contribution to Christianity…………. 392 CEYLON, Deputation to ………………….. 713 – Ruler and Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 481 – One Hundred Years in …………………. 789 -Two Needs ………………………….. 231 – Tamil Coolies in ………………………. 627 Chinese Ambassador a Christian… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Charms of Burma (a). Mrs. H. B. Montgomery. -Army, Christians in……………………. 482 CHIENGMAI, Laoo, Leper Asylum ………….. 391 – Christian Diplomat ……………………. 142 Child-sacrifice in Angola ………………….. 315 – Christians in Business ………………….. 628 Childless Societies ……………………….. 294 – Daughters of the Night (a). Miss M. C.

Children, Working With. 1. Mackay ………… 853 Morris …………………………….. 753 Children's League of Pity …………………. 622 – Father's Letter……………………….. 473 – Societies, Suggestions for. Mrs. R. S. Sanders. 853 – General, Christian …………………….. 394 Chilian Young Men, Reaching ………………. 545 – Islam, Changes in ……………………… 562 CIDNA, At the Borden Memorial Hospital in….. 791 – Literati, Reaching the ………………….. 705 — Bishop Brent's Report on ……………….. 554 – Missionary-Not a Church Member ………. 706 – Blessing of Unbound Feet in …………….. 142 – – t o America………………………… 64 – Borden Memorial Hospital in Kansu ………. 553 – Moslems Alarmed ……………………… 643 – Building up the Church in ………………. 790 – Moslems, Among ……………………… H2 – Changes in.. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84 – Christian Literature for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Church-going in ………………………. 870 – Postal Officials, Gospel for… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 629 – Church Member Now ………………….. 870 -Proverbs. W. D. Hudspeth …………….. 127 – City Evangelization in …………………. 141 – Slave Girls. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 – Coal Mine and a Church ……………….. 393 – Students, Mission to.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 474 – Counter Revolutions in …………………. 323 – Weekly, Christian …………………….. 629 – Difficulties in .. , ………. , ……………. 552 – Women as Bible-class Teachers …………… 629 – Dolls as Missionaries in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 306 Chosen, Mission Schools in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 485 – Effects of the European War in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Christian Doctrine of Property (b). E. M. Poteat 428 – Encouragement in West ………………… 705 – Endeavor in India…………………….. 627 – Evangelistic Movements Among Students in (a). – Endeavor Society, Largest ………………. 462 W. E. Taylor……………………….. 529 – Science in Ebony.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 463 – Every-day Religion in (b). H. Gill ……….. 209 – Woman's Board of Missions in Mexico … … .. 619 "', – Great Work for ……………………….. 473 Christianity a Force in Japan (a). S. L. Gulick .. 685 – Grinnell College Plans for .. , . …. . . . . . . . • . . .. 70:> – World-wide Blessing of. ………………… 752 PAGE PAGE Christians in Japan, Imperial Honors for ……… 143 Death. Strong, Dr. Josiah………………. 476 Christmas Party, Club's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 855 -Swearer, Rev. Wilbur c., of Korea ………… 878 Christ's Missionary Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 -Thorn, Mrs. Helen D., of Turkey……… 236 Church and the World (Poem),……. ….. . …. 52 – Thompson, Dr. David, of Japan……….. 318 – Assistants Organize… .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 – Thompson, Dr. R. Wardlaw, of London.. . . 718 -How Interest my (b). D. M. Stearns……… 46 – Underwood, Dr., of Korea……………. 877 – Missionary Work in U. S. A …………….. 223 – Ussher, Mrs. Elizabeth E., of Turkey…… 236 – Union, New Type of. ………………….. 713 – Wilson, S. G., of Persia…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Churches on Wheels in the West of America (a). – Wolfe, Archdeacon, of China.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Miss A. E. Meyers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 677 Demonstration Day. Missionary.. . . . . . . . . . . . 536 Club Agent………………………….. 214 Denominational Administration (a). J. E. McAfee 925 Cohn, Leopold, Exonerated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Developments in Home Mission Work (a). H. F.

COLOMBIA, Open Doors in…………….. 65 Swartz…………………………….. 192 Colporteurs in Brazil, Warning Against. . 716 Disciples, Progress of the (b). A. E. Cory ……. 764 Conference, American Horne Mission Leaders. . . . 164 Divorce in South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 313 -for Negro Women ……………………… 875 Doan, R. A., Gives up Business for Missions… . .. 714 -in Cuba, Missionary…………………… 385 Doctor Burned Alive.. . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Congo Land, Needs of……………………. 876 Dolls as Missionaries in China…. 306 Congregational Council, Missions at the…. . . . . .. 63 -Teaching Missions through… 859 Congress Worth While, Make the …………… 425 Dowieism in Zululand…….. . . ……… 314 CONSTANTINOPLE, Threats Against Robert Col- Drink, Cuba Fights Strong.. . . 467 lege ……………………………….. 148 Duke, Mr. H. Z., on Giving……. 874 Cooperation in Home Missions ……………… 806 Eastern Asia, Challenge of. . . . . . . . 340 -in Porto Rico …………………………. 326 Eddy, Sherwood, Adventures of.. . . 317 – Spirit of (Editorial) ……………………. 726 –in India……………….. 551 Corbett, Dr. Hunter………………… 71,305,472 Editorial-Forward Look…. . …. 725 Crawford, Dan, Message from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 – New Beginning………………… ….. 721 Crawford's Converts, Some of Dan. . .. . . . . . . . . .. 464 – Spirit of Co-operation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 726 Cross, Triumph of the (b).. … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 – Suffering Non-Combatants.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 727 CUBA Fights St.rong Drink ………………… 467 Education in the United States, Cost of. . . . . . . .. 542 – Missionary Conference in….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 385 Effect of the War on Missions to the Jews (a).

– Worth While, Are Missions to ……………. 734 D. Baron…………………………… 197 DANIEL in Babylon, Like …………………. 862 EGYPT, Christian College in (a). R. S. McClena- DEATH han. ………………………….. 663 -Atkinson, Henry H., of Turkey …………… 236 – Evangelistic Campaign in…….. … . 461 – Baird, Mrs. Wm., of Chosen …………….. 637 – Islam Active in…………… . 314 – Barnum, Rev. Henry S., of Turkey ……….. 2.>6 – Mission Schools in………. . 73 – – Mrs. Mary E., of Turkey…………….. 2.16 – Moslem School in…………… . 555 – Bliss, Dr. Daniel, of Syria ………………. 718 – New Kind of Funeral in…….. . 632 -Bowen, Dr. Marcellus, of Turkey …………. 877 -Old Greek Chains in………… . 461 – Chatterjee, Rev. Dr., K. C., of India ………. 718 -Railway Gospel Carin…………………. 73 – Clarke, Dr., of Bulgaria ………………… 798 -Rescue Work in ………………………. 797 – Dobbins, Dr., of Philadelphia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 798 – Testaments by the Thousand in… . . . . . . . . .. 396 – Ely, Miss Charlotte E., of Turkey ………… 236 – Welcomed in Moslem School in…. . . . . . . . . .. 395 – Eveland of Manila, Bishop. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 717 – Woman Historian of. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . 711 – Fergnson, Right Rev. Samuel D ………….. 798 Elijah II. Movement in Nigeria…… … 876 – Gorbold, R. P., of Japan ……………….. 318 Emergency Supper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 – Harris, Dr. Ira, of Syria…… , ………….. 236 England, Church Union for…………. . 406 – Johnson, Miss Bertha G., a Friend of Lepers… 718 – Simultaneous Campaign.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 -Jones, Rev. J. P., of India ………………. 878 -Work for Women in Munition Centers in,.. 546 – Killie, Dr. C. A., of China……………….. 717 English Churches in Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 – Knapp, Rev. George P., of Turkey ………… 2.16 Episcopalians and Union Work……… ….. 486 -Leonard, Dr. Adna B …………………… 476 Erzroom, Awful Scenes in…………………. 549 – Leslie, Rev. Francis H., of Turkey ………… 236 Eskimo Hungry for the Word………………. 22.1 – MacNair, Theodore, of Japan ……………. 318 Europe, Christian Work for t!:!e Soldiers in ……. 245 – McBeth, Kate, of Idaho………………… 67 – John R. Mott in………………………. 546 – Monroe, Harry, of Chicago ……………… 798 – Spiritual Engineers in.. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 561 – Moore, Rev. P. H., of Assam …………….. 556 Evangelical Union, Porto Rico Rejects the ……. 795 – Newton, Dr. C. B., of India……………… 556 Evangelism and Women Speakers …………… 864 – Peel, Bishop, of Mombasa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 636 Evangelistic Campaign, Japan's…………….. 23.1 – Pollard, Samuel, of China…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 – Movements among Students in China (a).

– Raynolds, Mrs. George C., of Turkey. . . . . . . .. 236 W. E. Taylor………………………. 529 – Riggs, Dr. A. L., of Nebraska……………. 637 Events, CQming, 8, 88, 168, 247, 327, 407, 487, 567, 647 -Ross, Dr. John, of Mukden……………. 76 – of 1915, Leading.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – Sandler, Dr., of Constantinople…. . . . . . . . . . … 76 Ewing, Arthur H., Life of (a). M. Ismail.. …… 827 -Shepard, Fred. D., of Turkey…..•………. 236 Farming Evangelism in India.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303 – Simpson, Sir Alexander, of Scotland……….. 556 Fear, Bondage of.. ………………………. 785 – Sjoeholm, W., of Sweden ……………….. 878 Federated Work in Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 641 PAGE PAGE Fellowship of Faith…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299 God Cares. Men-Money (b). G. Innes ……… 661 – of Reconciliation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 God's Plan for Your Life. E. W. Fritchley …… 682 Field-Marshals, Testimony of Three.. . . . . . . . . . .. 450 – Word to His People ……………………. 299 Fighting the Devil in Africa. W. B. Williams …. 597 Gordon Bible College…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 874 Fiji Islanders, Generous ….. , ……………. .. 541 Gospels for Italian Soldiers………………… 226 Filipino, Distinguished……………………. 872 Grenfell's War Experiences ………………… 468 – New Point of View for the ………………. 634 Grinnell College Plans for China. . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 Finances, British Missionary…. . 166 GUATEMALA, Christian Books Make their Way Fisher, Fred B… . . .. .. . . . .. . . . 312 in……………………. …… 863 Fisherman's Jug…………… 375 – Narrow Escape in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Five Millions for Relief. . . . . . . . 460 Guide Books, Missionary……. . . . 379 Forces that Win (a). R. E. Speer.. 576 Guinness, Successor to Dr.. ………….. , … .. 226 Foreign Missions, Americ: '1. . . . . . . 165 Gypsies, Mission Among Swiss ……………… 865 – Students at Conferences.. . . . . . 873 HAGGARD Goes to Russia, Dr…………….. 383 – – i n U. S. A., Winning……. 310 HAINAN, Faithful Christians in ……………. 142 Foreigner~, Mission Work among….. 543 HAITI, Better Days for.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 404 FORMOSA, ~lind in.. .. . . . . . 72 Hallelujah Kim of Japan (a). Mrs. D. L. Pieri;on 335 – Jubilee in…. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 HANGCHOW, Y. M. C. A. in ……………… 472 – Sunday-school Work in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 Harris, Japanese Tributes to Bishop …………. 630 Forward Look (Editorial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 Hatred and Love in the War ………………. 810 FRANCE and BELGIUM, Suffering in….. 623 HAWAII, Good and Evil in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 -and Islam……………………. 547 – Memorial Building in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 -in 1915………………………. . – New Crisis in. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 – War and Religion in (b). R. Saillens…. 289 Heathen's Idea of Baptism… . . . . . . . . . . . 708 – Y. M. C. A. in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Hebrew Christians in Conference.. . . . . . . . . .. 543, 943 French Appeal for Unity………………….. 645 Hepzibag Faith Missionary in Mexico. . . . 619 – Churches, Needs of the.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 796 Highways for Missions in Palestine. . . . . . . . 323 Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, Hindu Students, Earnest….. . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 American Committee on (a). C. D. Hurrey…,51 Hindus Become Christians? Do……….. 350 Friendship, Promoting National. ……………. 405 -in California, Something About the (a). Miss Fuel for Missionary Fires …….. 1, 81, 161. 241, L. M'Crae……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 321,401. 481, 561, 641 –in the West Indies………………… 153 Funeral in Egypt, New Kind of. ……………. 6.32 – Spiritual Unrest Among ………………… 242 Furman University, Chair in Christianity in …… 151 Home Mission Gifts Last year ……………… 311 GARDEN Party at a Summer Resort ………… 379 – – Leaders in Conference, American.. . . . . . . . .. 164 GERMAN and British Missions …………….. 139 –Task To-day ………………………. 224 – Catholic Missions in Africa ……………… 463 – – to Consider, Some Facts for Those Interested – Colonies Captured by Allies ……………… 469 in ………………………………… 360 – East Africa, British Missionaries in. . . . . 234 – – Work, American ……………………. 465 – Missionaries in India ……………. 69, 145, 229 – – Work, Developments in (a). H. F. Swartz.. 192 –Newsof …………………………… 387 Home Missions, Cooperation in… . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 806 – – Troubles of… . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 – – Establishing Christianity on the Rio Grande – Missions After the War.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 6 (a). S. M. Glasgow ………………….. 849 – – and Missionaries, Suffering of (a). T. F. HONAN, Twenty-five Years in…………….. 324 Hahn.. ……………………….. 38 How Long Shall I Live (Poem). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 662 –Help for……………………….. 874 IDEAS for Speakers and Workers …………… 527 –in Africa. …………………. 396 Illustrations from Life… .•. . . . • . . . . . . . 862 – – in India, Caring for. . . . . . . . . . . . 390, 950 Imposters, Beware of…. . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 –So P. G.Appealsfor…………………. 146 Income Will Do, What One's Day. . . . . . . . 138 – Orphanages in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 INDIA, Appeal to Students in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 2 – Protest Against Armenian Atrocities… 867 – Blind of… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 302 – Report from Palestine…… . . . . . . . . . . 548 – Breaking Down Caste in………………… 550 – Troops, Bibles for the. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 – Caste– Caring for German Missions in. . . . . . .. 390 – View of Armenian Problem……….. 304 – Caste Breaking Down in ………………… 868 GERMANY, English Churches in …………… 309 – Challenge of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 – in 1915…… .. …. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . .. 2 – Christian Endeavorin ………………….. 627 Gideons, Convention of the.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 – Conversion of a Holy Man in ……………. 868 Gilts, Some Ways of Increasing Missionary. – Cross and Crescent in ………………….. 230 B. M. Brain………………………… 131 – Evangelism Through Charts in…. . . . . . . 301 – to Missions, Presbyterian ……………….. 713 – Facts About …………………………. 390 Giving-Ap Erratic Proportion. M. L. Daniels .. 132 – Farming Evangelism in …………………. 303 – Experience of a Tither.. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . … 874 – German Missionaries in……… 69, 145, 229, 950 – During Passion Week.. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . … 311 – German Orphanages in …………………. 302 – in War Times, Missionary .. …………… .. 622 -Heathenism in……………………….. 303 – Lesson in Church ……………………… 715 – Homecoming of Young Princes in …………. 708 – Specific ……………………………… 137 – Hopeful Signs in……………………….. 241 Glad Conference in Siam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 707 – Immense Field in ……………………… 301 God Cares. Do We? A. J. Gordon ………… 130 -in!915 …………… , …………… , .. ,. ~ PAGE PAGE India, Influence of Outcaste Christians in ……… 145 Japan. Christian Maternity Hospital in…. 703 – Influence of the Life of Arthur H. Ewing in (a). – Christianity a Force in (a). S. L. Gulick …… 685 M. Ismail. …………………………. 827 – Christian Silk Mill in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 703 – Jungle Tribe in (b). P. Schulze ………….. 367 – Dr. Nitobe and the Teacher.> in …………… 871 – Mass Movements in ……………………. 302 – Episcopal Church of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 – Medical'Mecca in (a). St. N. Singh ………. 269 – Factory Slavery in………. ……… … 394 – Meerut Mission Centenary in ……………. 550 – Federated Work in……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 – Missionary Survey of….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 – Hallelujah Kim of (a). Mrs. D. L. Pierson. 335 – Moving Christward in.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 – His Citizenship Restored. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 – Overturning in………………………. 593 – Imperial Honors for Christians in…. .. . . . . . .. 143 – Power of Chri,t in (a). E. M. Wherry ……. 445 -in 1915……………………… 3 – Restrictions on Missionaries to………. 788 – Influencing China……………………… 554 – Ritual Murder in (b). H. Halliwell….. 278 – Loyal Church in………….. ….. 71 – Salvation Army in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 – New Open Door in…………….. 72 – Saving a Robber Tribe in…… . . . . . . . . . 391 – New Premier in… .. . …….. . . . . . . 871 -Signs of a New…………………….. 350 – Plans for St. Paul's College in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 475 – Snake and Tree Torship in ……………… 366 – Sad Religious Status in…… . . . . . . . . . . 474 – Social Service in ………………………. 707 — Use of Tracts in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 – Spiritual Awakening in….. …. .. .. ……… 82 – Work of Christ in (a). R. E. Speer……… 341 – Student Social Service Work in …………… 301 – "Worth-While" Work in…………….. 791 – Suffering of German Missions in… .. . . . . . . . .. 39 – Y. M. C. A. Making Headway in….. . . . . . . 308 – to Educate the Outcast in ……………….. 626 Japanese Christian Students, Unique Gift of. … 232 -' To-day, Hope of. . . …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 390 – in the United States……… ',' . . . . . . . . 312 – Training Leaders in……….. ….. … …… 83 – Northfield…. …. . . …. . . . . . . . . . 143 – Unoccupied Fields in …………………… 301 – Sailors Accept Testaments…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 -"Untouchables" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 – Students Accepting Christ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 474 – War and Missions in (a). H. Anderson …… 26'; – Take Over German Islands………. 635 – What a Converts' Home Did in ………….. 145 – Testimony. T. Tanaka and Count Okuma …. 825 – With the Territorial Troops in. . . . . . . . . 303 – Tributes to Bishop Harris ……………….. 630 – Woman's Medical College in…… 230 – View of America. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 715 Indian a Citizen, Making the…. . . . 794 Japan's Evangelistic Campaign …………….. 233 – Christians and the War……….. 448 – Leadership in Asia (a). R. E. Speer. ……… 517 – Christianity Community………………. 626 – Progress.. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 – Christians in the Army. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 303 JAVA, Day of Opportunity in………………. 46.1 – Convert, Notable ……………………… 788 Jew, The (Poem). E. H. Hunter…………… 200 – Missions of the Protestant Churches of the Jewish Missions in the War Zones.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 United States, 1915, Statistics of the . . . . . . . . . 776 – Refugees in Russia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 — Farmers Turning to Christ……. . . . . . . . . . . .. 550 – Relief for Suffering Jews………………… 225 -Rajahs Show Interest in Mission Work .. c.. 470 Jews and Palestine………………………. 625 – "Sadhu" Standing all Day for Christ. . . . . 708 – British Missions to…………………….. 710 – Villages, Appeal from.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 – Christian Relief of the………………….. 224 Indians as Fanners, American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 – Co-operation in Missions to.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 – Brighter Days for the………………. . -Effect of the War on Missions to the (a). D.

– Christian American… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 Baron …………………………….. 197 – of South America (a). H. C. Tucker. . . . . . 840 -of Tangier, Among the…………… 712 India's Great Need, Meeting (b). G. S. Eddy … 443 – Plight of Austrian.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 – Students, Among………………… … 471 Journeys to Mission Lands… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 – Young Men, Work for. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 22 8 Judaism Disintegrating, Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 Infidel Missions in New york…………… 881 Judson Memorial in Burma, New……… 627 Insane of Syria, For the…….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Jungle Tribe in India (b). P. Schulze………. 367 Interest my Church? How (b). D. M. Stearns. 46 KAMERUN, Uncensored Facts from …………. 461 Intoxicants, Prohibit Exports of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 Karen Christian, Honor for a………………. 789 – War Against…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Khama, New Church of King…………… …. 74 IRELAND, Evangelistic Work in ….. Kikuyu Region, Progress in the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Islam Active in Egypt. . . . . . . . 314 – Statement, African Bishops Reply to.. . . . . . . .. 148 – Changes in Chinese…….. .. 562 Konds-Their Origin, Customs, and Beliefs (a).

– France and………… 547 P. Schulze………………………….. 367 Italian Soldiers, Gospels for. . .. ………….. 226 Koo, V. K. Wellington…. .. .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . … 62 – Soldiers, With the …………………….. 387 KOREA, Aggressive Work by Seoul Christians…. 308 Italians in America ………………………. 636 -"Better Babies" in ……………………. 631 ITALY, American Pastor in ………………… 310 — Bible for Every Home.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 871 – Among War Prisoners in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 865 – Convention for the Blind and Deaf. . . . . . . . . .. 144 Itongolo, the Black FisheTIflan (b). R. H. Nassau 507 – Dr. Underwood's, Service in (a). A. J. Brown. 911 JAPAN, Advertising the Gospel in (a). A. Pieters 649 – Education in Chosen…………………… 143 – and Sunday-Schools ……………………. 6.31 – Evangelistic Campaign in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – Buddhist Comments on Christian Conference in 394 – Fruits of Colportage Work in ……………. 144 – Chair of Christianity in Tokio ……………. 792 – Grows, Why the Church in (b). C. Ross…..• 195 – Christian Business Men in……. , ……….. 307 -in 1915……………………………… 3 PAGE PAGE Korea, Life of Dr. Underwood (a). Mrs. Underwood 903 MANCHURIA, Korean Missions in………….. 642 – Phenomenal Christian Growth in… . . . . . . 143 – Practical Christianity in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Prayer Restores Sanity in…. . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Mandingo Association in Africa, New ………… 872 – Progress in……………… ……. … . 555 MARSHALL ISLANDS, Japanese Take Over …. 635 – Religious Liberty in (a). M. Komatsu…. 891 Marsovan Girls Rescued. . . . . . . . 68 – Soul Winning, How They Do It in… . . . . . . .. 632 – Missionaries Return to. . . . . . . . 866 – Test for Church Membership in.. . . . . . . . . 704 Mass Movements (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 592 – Yun Chi Ho now Y. M. C. A. Secretary… 792 – – i n Centr~tl Africa……….. . …….. . 565 Korean Men's Home Missionary Society. . – Missions in Manchuria………. .. .. 704 MeAn Mission and the Boy Scouts …. . 623 642 Medical College Progress in Peking ….. . 706 – Opinion of American Churches. . . . . . . 871 – Mecca in India (a). St.:-<. Singh .. . 269 – Prison, Moody's Sermon in a…. . . . . . 144 MELANESIAN, Puzzled …………. . 156 – Railway Y. M. C. A…….. . . . . . . . . . 704 Men, Work for India's Young .. . 228 – School Closed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 Men's Congres~ of Missions (a). D. L. Pierson … 419 – Sorceress Gives up Tools. . . . . . . . . . . 474 MESOPOTAMIA, Future of … . 305 Korea's Record Year.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 – With the Troops in …… . 147 L. M. S. Crisis averted…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 386 – Y. M. C. A. Work in … . 788 Labrador Missionaries on Parole……… ~ … 152, 384 Methodist Board Financial Policy. 715 Land Closed to Christians (a). M. K. S. Holst, – Church (South) in Mexico.. 618 329, 431 – Episcopal Church in Mexico. 618 Laos, Leper Asylum in Chiengmai…… . 391 – General Conference, Mission" at the.. 486 Latin-America and Rome ……….. . 221 Methodists, World-wide Work of (b). G. H.

– – Challenge of.. …………….. . .140 Jones….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 – – Church of Rome at its Worst in.. 151 Mexican Border, Work for Troop~ on. . … 646 – – Enlargement in …………… . g02 – Governor, Progressive. . . . . . . . . . . . 385 – – i n 1915 ………………………….. . 3 – Protestant Leaders…… . . . . . . 243 –Light on (a). H. W. Hicks. 845 – Puzzle (b). S. G. Inman……… 801 –Panama Congress on Christian Work in (a). Mexicans, Bibles for Troops and. . . 716 R. E. Speer………………….. . 249 -Return, When the………………… 466 – – Raffling Image(in………….. . 795 MEXICO Becomin" New, Old…………. 45 –Unreached (b). S. G. Inman. 359 -,. Before and After (a). A. Osuna. . . . . . . . . . 41 – – Why Study……….. . 808 – Better News from….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Laymen Organize, Boston.. . . . . . . 223 – Economic Problems in…. 467 – Ten-Year Program for……….. ….. .. 38·! – Missionary Situation in (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 Laymen's Congress at Washington, Gleanings from – Misunderstood (a). Mrs. W. Wallace…. 579 the………………………… … 527 – Outlook in……………………….. 162 – Missionary Campaign………….. 63 – Program of Peace for (a). J. W. Butler….. 813 – Movement Secretary………………. 312 – Protestant Episcopal Church in………… 615 – National Missionary Campaign…. ….. 163 – Protestantism a Force in. . . . . . . . . . . . 222 – National Missionary Congress at Washington.. 246 – Protestantism in……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Leper Asylum i!t Chiengmai, Laos …………… 391 -Reconstruction in (a). G. B. Winton. 611 – Poet, Christian… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 630 – Religious Question in (a). L. Cahrera. 831 Leper's Church in Louisiana (b). W. M. Danner. 357 – Revolutionists and the Clergy in. 313 – Cured, Surinam………………………. 864 – Signs of Harvest in. . . . . . . . . . . 545 – Print the Bible.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70 – Typhus in……………….. 313 Lewanika of Barotseland (b)…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2R 7 -Women of (a). Mrs.J.W.Butler ………… 181 -Successor of……… . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 797 . Mid-summer Missionary Pilgrimage …………. 533 Liberation of Slaves (a). J. H. Jowett.. .. . 363 Mightier Than Treaties (a). C. D. Hurrey …… 351 Live, How Long Shall I (Poem)…… ….. 662 Ministry in America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.~ 1 LIVINGSTONIA, Forty Years in…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 877 Missionaries Have Done for China, Vlhat (b).

LOmSIANA, Lepers' Church in (b). W. M. V. K. W. Koo……. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 763 Danner……………………………. 357 Missionary as a Police Force. . . . . . . . . . . 475 Love and Hatred in the War. ……………… 810 – Boxes, New……… ……… …… 856 –the Sum of the Gospel (a). W. H. Jefferys.. 489 – Multiple Life of a Foreign (a). J. M. Mac- Lovedale Institution…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Phail. …………………………….. 369 Lowrie, Rev. W'l.Iter………………. 310 – Review Publishing Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 459 MADAGASCAR, Christians of……… .. 877 – Situation in Mexico (a) …………………. 614 – Church and State in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 Missions Boards and Theological Students. 224 -Co-operation in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 464 – Plans of the Commission on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 150 – Editor Converted……………………… 397 – Spiritual and Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Magazine Meetings………………………. 219 – Turks and American.. . . . . . . . . . . 563 -Tree ……………………………….. 217 Mohammedan Malays, Ideas of (a). C. E. D.

Magazines, Best Methods from many…….. 291 Tisdall……………………… 347 – Making the Most of the………………… 213 Mohammedanism in Petrograd……… 150 Malays, Ideas of Mohammedan (a). C. E. G. Money-God-Men (b). G. Innes…… 661 Tisda!I. ………………………………147 Money-raiser, Great……………… .. 213 MALAYSIA, Fifty Years' Progress in Nias ……. 324 Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison …………. 144 Man Who Pays the Bills.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 360 Moorish Soldier Converted ………………… 797 PAGE PAGE Moravian Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548 Outlook for 1916….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 3 Morgenthau's Tribute to Missionaries in Turkey. O-w-n, W-o-n, N-o-w. S. M. Glasgow……….. 212 Ambassador…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 388 PACIFIC, Conquering Fear in the …………… 541 Mormons Losing Zeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 466 – Suffering of German Missions in the. . . . . . . . .. 39 – Missions of the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PALESTINE, Conditions in ………………. 148 Morning Star, End ofthe …………………. 712 – German Report from …………………… 548 Moros, Successful Work for the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 716 – Highways for Missions in ……………. " .. 323 Morphia Succeeds Opium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 630 -Jews and ……………………………. 625 MOSLEM Boys and Girls, Winning.. . . . . . . . . . .. 234 – Missions Suffer in. … . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 470 – Boys, Life of Livingstone for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227 -Shaken by the War……………………. 470 – Children in Cairo, Work for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 PANAMA Canal and Christianity …………… 735 – Convert, young………………………. 129 – Congress. …. ……………………….. 59 – Imam Discovers Christ (b). J. L. Barton. . .. 774 –After the ………………………….. 244 – Independence Proclaimed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 787 – – and the Protestant Episcopal Church (a).

– School in Egypt ………………………. 5.15 H. C. Robbins………………………. 19 – School in Egypt, Welcomed in……………. 395 –on Christian Work in Latin America (a).

– Wife, Prayer of a (b). Mrs. G. D. van Peursem 773 R E. Speer…………………………. 249 – Woman Defies a Sheikh ………………… 555 – – Pray for the……………………….. 81 – World, Challenge of the………………… 340 – Religious Work in (a). G. S. Webster …….. 187 Moslems, Africa Consecrated to Work for …….. 632 Parish of the Streets, New York (a). P. Curtis .. 279 -Alarmed, Chinese ……………………… 643 Passion-week. Self-denial During.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 311 -American Work for ……………………. 224 Pastor at Work for Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 -Among Chinese ……………………….. 142 – Does It. How One …………………….. 527 – Christian Literature for Chinese.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Missions and the ……………………… 382 – Future of the (a). S. M. Zwemer. . . . . . . . . . . 24 Paton Family, News of the…. ……. ………. 75 – Way to Reach ………………………… 708 Peace, Church and ….. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 465 Mott, John R., in Europe…………………. 546 – for Mexico. Program of (a). J. W. Butl~r …. 813 Multiple Life of a Foreign Missionary (a). J. M. – Movements, War and ………………….. 482 McPhail. ………………………….. 369 PEKING Medical College Progress………….. 706 Munition Centers in England, Work [or Woman in 546 – Student Volunteers in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Music Effective for Missions, Making ………… 451 -The New ……………………………. 141 – Some Practical Suggestions on. D. B. Eddy.. 451 Pentacostal Church of the Nazarene in Mexico …. 619 NATIONAL Bible Institute…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299 Persecution. Annenians Under……………… 388 —Facts About the Work of the (a). P. PERSIA Around the War Zone, To (b). S. G.

Curtis …… , ………………………. 279 Wilson…………………………….. 683 – Missionary Campaign, Laymen's …………. 163 – British Missionaries Leave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Necessity the Mother of Invention. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 556 – Christian School in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Negro, New Attitude Toward the …………… 714 – Doctor Burned Alive in. … …….. 390 – Women, Conference for …………………. 875 – "If War Would Only End."…….. 787 Negroes in America…. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 635 -in 1915……………………. .

New Beginning (Editorial) ………………… 721 – Open Hearts in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 NEW HEBRIDES, Changes in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 792 – Opposing Forces in (a). W. A. Shedd. 585 New Year, Suggestions (a). B. M. Brain .II – Situation in…………………………. . 6 NEWYORKEvangelisrn ………………….. 312 – What the Future May See in….. . . . . . . . . . . .. 389 –Infidel Missions in ………………….. 881 Persian Christians, Gifts of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 710 – Parish of the Streets (a). P. Curtis ………. 279 – Christians, Heroism of. ………………… 625 NEW ZEALAND, Bible-work in …………….. 156 – Pastors Killed ………………………… 5'9 NIAS, Fifty Years' Progress in…….. .. … 324 PERU, Religious Liberty in ………. ' 5 Nicodemus. Successors of. . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 305 Peruvian Family Baptized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 386 NIGERIA, Elijah II. Movement in ………….. 876 PETROGRAD, Mohammedani<m in …………. 150 Ninety and Nine (a New Version) …………… 453 PHILIPPINES, American Schools in the ……… 233 Nitobe and the Teachers in Japan, Dr………… 871 -America's Duty in the ………………….. 634 NORTH AMERICA in 1915……………….. 3 -Conversions in the…………………….. 75 Northfield, Japanese……………………… 143 – Education in the. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . … 75 – Women's Conferences in ………………… 714 – Experience in the……………………… 592 OAKLAND Sunshine Club………………… 854 – Hospital Ship for Moros in the …………… 872 Officer's Testimony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 463 – Progress in the (a). R. E. Speer…………. 109 Oldham. Bishop William F. (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 589 -Rome in the…………………………. 541 Opium in Burma ………………………… 551 – Successful Work for the Moros in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 716 Opportunities for the Southern Tourist. T. C. !- Sunday-school Unites Forces in the. . . . . . . . . .. 717 Bliss ………………………………. 373 – Union Work in the…………………….. 316 Opportunity in Chengtu. China.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307 Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul, Progress Oregon Towns. Churches in Some. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 361 of the (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 493 Orient. American Relations with the (b). G. H. Playing at Missions. . . . . . . . .•.• . . . . . . . . . . 534 Jones ….••………………………… 803 PORT SAID, Armenian Refugees at …………. 396 Orientals in Christian Work……… . . . . . . . . .• 311 Porto Ricans Know Their Bibles ……………. 385 Outcast Christians in India, Influence of. . . . . . . .. 145 PORTO RICO and Prohibition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 -in India. To Educate the……………….. 626 – Cooperation in……………………….. 326

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Porto Rico. New Ideals for ………………… 863 S. P. G. Appeals for German Missions ……….. 146 – Rejects "The Evangelical Union ………… " 795 Sabbath-keeping, Revival of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 PORTUGAL, Baptist Work in ……………… 865 Saiki, Dr. Hezekiah R .. Maternity Hospital of.. .. 703 Possessions, Great-Where? …………….. " 785 Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons ……………. 154 Postcard, Prisoners of War… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 SALONICA Burned, Mission School in……….. 547 Prayer and Priests in Tibet (b). R. Cunningham. 128 Salva~ion Arr;>y in India ………………….. 626 – – I n RussIa………………………….. 227 -and the "Uttermost Parts" Ca). S. D. Gordon. 820 Samoan Women, Brave …………………… 316 – British Business Men at ………………. " 796 Saratoga, Conference of the Methodist Episcopal -forI917.Callsto……………………… 810 – of a Moslem Wife (b). Mrs. G. D. van Peursem 773 Church in (b). G. H. Jones……………. 590 – Peace and Unity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 Sargis, Dr. Jacob………………………….WO Scandinavian Book Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 711 – Raising Money Through …………. """" 134 Schools in Chosen, Mission.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 485 – To Your Knees. 0 Ye Christians … """"" 53 Scout Movement in China…………………. 231 – Week of.. …………………………. " 61 Seed Thoughts for Missionary Addresses.. 784,861,941 Preparedness-Are We Ready for War? (a). J. H. Seeking Men and Finding God (a). F. H. Rindge 509 Self-Exiled in America (b). Miss L. M'Crea ….. 525 Jowett…………………………… " 495 Presbyterian Assembly. Southern…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 636 SEOUL, Progress of the Pierson Memorial Bible – Church (South) in Mexico… . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 617 School in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 493 – Gifts to Missions ……………………… 713 – Missionaries Returnin~ to West Africa …….. 325 – Women Leaders Confer…………………. 152 SERBIA, Distress in…………………….. . 150 Princeton's Work in China (a). J. S. Burgess …. 603 Sennons, Missionary Story ……………….. . 779 SHANGHAI Press and the War……………. . 142 Prisoners in Italy. Among War……………… 865 – Socia1 Service in……………………… . 231 – Liberating the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 -of War. Among……………………….. 60 – Opportunities amonr: War ………………. 161 SHANTUNG Christian University, $300.000 for .. . 231 – Work for Russian War (b). G. L. Leonard …. 595 SIAM, Christian Fraternity in…………….. . 628 ~~~~~~:·i~i;;;,;;.·.: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m Prohibition, Canada and ……….. """'" … 715 – Christian Sabbath in………………….. . 146 – Conquering Spirit Worship in .•………….. 706 =~11~ SC':i:r:~~e ~;.c.t~~~.: – Porto Rico and.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 628 – Russian Church and.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 404 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 707 – States in U. S. A , New……………….. " 223 – Good Things Seen in………………….. . 392 Property, Christian Doctrine of (b). E. M. Poteat 428 – Hospital Patients Baptized in…………… . 146 Protestant Churches in Belgium (a). H. K. Anet 33 -in 1915…………………………….. . 2 – Episc,?pal C~urch and Missions…………. " 224 – Influence of the Gospel in ………………. . 551 – – – I n MeXIcO ………………………. 615 – Present-day Movements in ……………… . 403 —Panama Congress and the (a). H. C. – Progress in ………………………….. . 392 – Scripture as a Mirror of the Heart……….. . 472 Robbins……………………………. 19 – Tithing in …………………. ,." .. ,., .. 789 Pyramid, Unsettling the Human (a). W. F. Old- -Untrodden Ground in …………………. . 707 – What Kru Sook Said in ……………….. . 868 ham.. , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 QUESTIONS Some Pointed. C. H. Maxwell.. " 688 – Yao of. ……………………………. . 471 Siamese Inquirers. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 RALLY DAY Missionary …………………. 782 Siberian Prisoners, Work for ………………. . 111 Reconciliation, Fellowship.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Sight-seeing Religious ……………………. . 384 Recruiting for the Missionary Army……….. " 693 Slav Religion ………………………….. . 866 – Hour. Mary L. Daniels ……………… " 697 Slave Girls Sold in China…………………. . 552 Red Letter Chart ……………………….. 216 Slaves, Liberation of (a). J. H. Jowett ……… . 363 Relief Committees, Consolidation of.. . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Slessor, Mary, Review of the Life of (a). Mrs. A.

– Five Million for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .. 460 F. Schauffier ……………………….. . 767 Religion, Universal.. …………………… " 62 Snake and Tree Worship in India ………….. . 366 Religions, World's……………………….. 784 Social Service in India…………….. . 107 Religious Question in Mexico (a). L. Cabrera…. 831 – – in Shanghai………………………. . 231 – Work in the Panama Canal Zone (a). G. S. – – in South America ………………….. . 222 Webster……………………………. 187 Socials. Missionary …………….. . 298 Revenge of Love in Turkey (a). S. R. Harlow … 667 Soldiers, Bibles Needed for …………. , …… . 623 Review of the Review ……………………. 701 -in Europe, Christian Work of the ………… . 245 Revival Came in China. How the (b). M. B. – Recreation for ……………………….. . 468 Grier.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 SOUTH AMERICA and the War (a). H. C.

– Scripture Messages (b). J. Goforth ………. 204 , Stuntz ……………………………. . 118 Rheinish Missionary Society in Malaysia……… 324 ==gi~~~~:~~·.:·.:::·.::::::::::::::::::::::: : 64 313 Richard, Timothy, Resignation of.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393 Rio Grande, Establishing Christianity on the (a). –Facts About ……………………… .. 221 S. M. Glasgow………………………. 849 –Indians of (a). H. C. Tucker ………… . 840 Roadside, Pleading on the…………………. 862 – – Social Service in …………………… . 222 Robber Tribe in India, Saving a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 – Seas, Missionary Spirit in the …………… . 233 Robbins, Joseph Chandler… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63 Spanish Attack on a Colporteur….. , ………. . 546 Robert College, Graduates of ………………. 709 Spirit of Cooperation (Editorial) …………… . 126 – – Threats Against…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148 Spiritual Engineers in Europe ……………… . 561 Robins, Raymond, Evangelistic Work of…. 383 Standard, Ten Point …………………….. . 527 Rockefeller Foundation War Aid ……………. 635 Roman Catholic Missions in Great Peril. . . . . . . .. 476 STATISTICS, American Church …………… . 167 Romanism and Buddhism…………………. 703 – for American Foreign Missions ………….. . 165 Rome at Its Worst, Church of. …………….. 153 – of the Indian Missions of the Protestant Churches of the United States, 1915…….. . 776 -in the Philippines……………………… 541 – Protestants in.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 623 – of Protestant Foreign Missionary Societies in United States and Canada …………….. . 168 RUSSIA Changing? Is…………………… 484 – Dr. Haggard Goes to………………….. 383 – of Protestant Missions in Mexico………… . 614 Stelze's New Work, Charles ………………. . 635 -in 1915……….. " " " " " " " " " " ' " 2 Stewardship…………………………… . 430 – Jewish Refugees in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 866 Stonemen's Fellowship …………………… . 161 – Open Door for (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Student Social Service Work in India ……….. . 301 – Salvation Army in…………………….. 227 – Volunteer Movement, Progress of the …….. . 405 – Testaments Given in……………………. 387 – VolunteeNl-in Peking………………….. . 232 – War Prisoners in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 547 Students in the War, Christian …………….. . 246 Russian Church and Prohibition …………… , 404 Study Class, Defining a …………………..• 296 – Church, Facts About the ………………. , 310 – – Magazine ………………………… . 220 – Prisoners. Gospel for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 460 – – Tourist Mission ……………………. . 377 -Reform, Another……………………… 227 – Club. Mission……………………….. . 294 – War Prisoners, Work for (b). G. L. Leonard… 595 Subscriptions, Securing…………………… . 214 Russians help Armenian Refugees. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469

PAGE PAGE SUDAN, Baganda Missionaries for the ……….. 155 Unity, French Appeal for…. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 645 -Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ ……. 155 Unoccupied Territory in China …………….. ' 141 _ For the Children in the.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 633 Unsettling the Human Pyramid Cal. W. F. Old: Suffering Non-Combatants (Editorial) ……… " 727 ham ………………………………. 592 _ Spiritual Victory in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 URUMIA Continues, Suffering in……….. … 68 SULU ISLANDS, Hospital Ship for the ………. 156 – Unabated, Misery in ………………. : … : 389 i':'::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~:-~rF~~~~; Sun Vat Sen, Mrs., Baptism of. …………….. 790 566 Sunday, Providing for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 536 _ School, Buddhists Start ………………. " 554 VAN, Thrillirg Experiences in Cal. G. C. Ray- 406 _ _ Unites Forces in the Phillippines ……….. 717 nolds ……………………………… 169 __ WorkinFormosa…………………… 632 VENEZUELA, Dark Ages in……………….. 4 Sunday-Schools, Japan and ………………… 631 Voltaire's Prediction.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Suranam Lepers Cured ……………………. 864 WALDENSIAN Church Among Italian Soldiers .. 387 Swiss Gypsies, Mission Among ……………… 865 Wanted: A Missionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 _ m SYRIA, Daniel Bliss, Grand Old Man of Cal. D. S. F.?r°!~ei;'~~;'~·~i.'''.:::::::::::::::::::::::: WAR, African Native Christian on the ……….. 397 – Af~eBT,,:"o Ye~rs.of. …………………… 643 – an nbsh MIssIOns…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. oS _ Missionary Opportunity in………………. 5 -and Missions in India Cal. H. Anderson …… 265 -Opportumtym……………………….. 470 -and Peace Movements …………………. 482 _ Starvation in Northern ……………….. " 787 -and Religion in France Ch). R. Saillens ……. 289 Syrian Mission Property Safe …………….. " 147 -Are We Ready for Cal. J. H. Jowett ……… 495 _ Protestant College…………………… " 389 – C. M. S. Losses Through the …………….. 309 TAHITI, No Heathen in ………………… " 464 – Christian Students in the ……………….. 246 Talent Plan. E. W. Smith ………………. " 135 – Cost of the ……………………….. 468, 861 Tangier, Among the Jews of. …………….. " 712 – Gennan Misions after the……………….. 6 Testament, Demand for Khak! ……………. " 66 -Hasn't Stopped Some Things, The ………… 398 Testaments by the Thousand In Egypt……… " 396 – in East Africa, Effects of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 _ Japanese Sailors Accept ………………. " 395 -in Europe………………………… ,… 1 Testimony, Officer's ……………………. " 463 – Indian Christians and the. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 448 Thanksgiving, Plan for ……………………. 859 – Losses in the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 784 Theological Students, Missions Boards and ….. " 224 Thinking Gray in Missions (b). S. M. Zwemer.. 523 -Love and Hatred in the………………… 810 Thompson, David, Life and Work of (a). W. E. – O?portunjties of ~he. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 731 – PrIsoners In RussIa ……………………. 547 Griffis……………………………. " 655 – Problems in Northern Canada …………… 384 _ Dr. Wardlaw, Memorial to …………….. " 796 -South America and the Cal. H. C. Stuntz….. 118 Tibet, Prayer and Priests in (b). R. Cunningham 128 – Time in China, Union Meetings in ………… 393 Tither, EXl'erience of a …. '" ……………. " 874 -Zone, To Persia Around the Cb). S. G. Wilson 683 Tithing in Spite of Famine in China …………. 870 Warfare, Christian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 621 TOKYO, Influencing China at ……………… 554 War's Worst Peril. ………………………. 620 Tourist Opportunities for Missions ………… " 373 Washington, Booker T. (a). C. Richardson…… 99 Troopers' Bihle Class…………………… " 874 – – Memorial …………………………. 543 Troops and Mexicans, Bibles for ………….. " 716 WASIDNGTON, Laymen's National Missionary Congress at …………………………. 246 -on Mexican Border, Work for ……………. 646 Turk Worth Saving, Is the Cal· C. T. Riggs ….. 737 – Me!"s Congress of Missions in Cal. D. L. T~~, An:ba~sador Morgenthau's Tribute to Wat;;:!'~~.r:'Ne'~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 54~1~9 MlSSlonanes In…………………….. " 388 Watson, President Charles R., of Cairo ……….

_ American Hospitals in ………………… " 624 Week of Prayer…………………………. 61 _ American Missionaries in……………….. 304 _ American Schools Not Closed in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 549 Welsh Christians at Work…………………. 865 – and the Zionists ……………………… ; 709 WEST INDIES, Hindus in the ……………… 153 -Armenians Sold in…………………….. 227 West Point Cadets, Bibles for ……………… 54., -Awful Scenes in ErZToom ………………… 549 What an American Saw in Asia Cb). W. Price…. 528 _ Confiscated Missions in ………………. '" 786 – Would Jesus Do? ……………………… 154 _ Graduates of Robert College in …………… 709 Wiloer in America, Robert P ……………….. 635 -in 1915 ……………………. ··········. 2 Wilson on China and Missions……………… 97 –: Missionary Return to M arsovan. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 866 Win, Forces that Cal. R. E. Speer………….. 576 — Missions and War·in …………………. " 402 Woman's Baptist Home Mission in Mexico ……. 616 _ Missions in Captured Cities in …………. " 322 – Medical College in India….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 _ Mysterious Postal Card from …………….. 709 Women, Brave Samoan…………………… 316 -NewAmbassadorto …………………… 786 -of Mexico Cal. Mrs. J. W. Butler………… 181 _ Pan-Turanian Movement in ……………… 805 – of the World …………………………. 861 -Plightof. ……………………………. 321 Women's Conference in Northfield ………….. 714 -Recent Newsfrom …………………….. 67 – Work at Home. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 – Recent Reports from.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Workers, not Shirkers …………………….. 785 _ Revenger of Love in Cal. S. R. Harlow ……. 667 Wor~d. Challenge to America. W. F. Oldham….. 340 – Signs of Death in…………. , …………. 729 – VlSIon …………………………….. " .,56 -Signs of Life in ……………………….. 730 World's Sunday-school Committee, Change in….. 398 -ThingsthatRemainin …………………. 624 Wu Ting Fang, Experience of. ……………… 152 _ Thrilling Experiences in Van .Ca). C. G. Raynolds 169 Yao of Siam……………………………. 471 -To-morrow In Cal. C. T. Riggs ………….. 915 Ye Did It Not CPoem). C. Maud Brown…….. 619 Turkish Educational Laws Modified …………. 1-17 Y. M. C. A. Among the Soldiers in Europe …….. 561 Turks and American Missions………… 563 – Campaign in China, Results of a …………. 553 UGANDA Heresy Subsiding ……………….. 634 -in France……………………………. 149 – New Cathedral in……………………… 315 – in Hangchow.. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. … 472 -True Heroism in (b). Bishop Tucker ……… 208 – International. ………………………. " 617 Unbound Feet, Blessing of. ……………….. 142 – Korean Railway… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 704 Underwood, Horace G., Life and Work of. Mrs. – Making Headway in Japan ……………… 30R Underwood……………………….. " 903 – Secretary in Korea, Yun Chi Ho now ……… 792 . Union for Canada, Church ………………… 566 – Work in Mesopotamia ………………….. 788 -for England, Church…………………… 406 – Work, World-wide…………………….. 460 – Work, Episcopalians and ……………….. 486 Y. W. C. A. Jubilee ……………………… 150 – – in the Philippines.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 316 Young Women's World Work… …. . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Yuan Shih Kai and the Bible (a). E. W. Thwing 123 United Effort, Value of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 292 Yueatap, ~eform Governor in. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 864 – RCVlval m…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 UNITED STATES, Japanese in the …………. 312 Yun Chi Ho now Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Korea. 792 – New Prohibition States in………………. 223 – Stati~ti<:s !Jf Protestant Foreign Missionary SoCIetIes In. . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. • .. . . .. 168 ZIONISTS, Turkey and the ……………….. 709 – Winning Foreign Students in the …………. 310 ZULULAND, Dowieism in …………………. 314 Unity, David Thompson, Apostle of Christian Cal. Zulu's Testimony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 W. E. Griffis ………………………… 655 Zwemer, Dr., and the Magistrate…………… 954

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1916

HORACE G. UNDERWOOD ADDRESSING A SUNDAY-SCHOOL RALLY OF SIXTEEN

PEOPLE, AT THE NORTH PALACE, SEOUL, KOREA When Dr. Underwood went to Korea in 1885, there were almost no Christians there. To-day there are over 200,000 Protestant Christians, many of whom are actively engaged in volunteer preaching of the Gospel

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1916 NUMBER TWELVE XXXIX INFIDEL MISSIONS IN NEW YORK T HE forces for righteousness have never been more active in the great American metropolis than they are to-day. Not only are there hundreds of churches and missions, but during the summer one organization alone (the National Bible Institute) conducted 2,000 open-air meetings at which about 200,000 people heard the Gospel. Thousands indicated their purpose to become followers of Jesus Christ.

On the other hand, the enemies of God are not idle. The Devil will not readily yield his sway over men, and has enlisted his followers in al- most equally active campaigns for the destruction of faith in God and in opposition to the Church of Jesus Christ. Mr. John N. Wolf, super- intendent of the Beacon Light Gospel Hall, gives us the following striking facts that should stir every Christian to renewed prayer and active testimony.

While many Christians have been settling back with a sense of security in their Christianity, content to have pastors and a few other leaders take' the entire responsibility of extending the Gospel, the "Freethinkers" have been banding themselves together and pledging each other support, until to-day there stands confronting the Christian Church a strong, energetic and persistently busy organized force of infidelity, whose members are actively engaged in denying the deity and authority of Jesus Christ, and attempting to overthrow the Christian Church.

Several infidel organizations in New York City are known by various titles that do not indicate their real character. Among these are "The New York Secular Society," "The Harlem Liberal Alliance," "The Brooklyn Philosophical Society," and "The Church of the Social Revolution," all of which seem to be strongholds of organized infidelity. Their favorite methods of attack are: first, aggressive outdoor meetings; holding meetings at Madison Square and in all the principal thorough-

fares at noon and at night whenever the weather permits. At these meet- ings Jesus Christ and the Bible are held up to ridicule, and many blasphemies are uttered.

Distribution of infidel literature is a second method of attack. Books and pamphlets written by Tom Paine, Robert G. Ingersoll, Voltaire and others are widely distributed to the young men, who make up most of the audiences, and who eagerly buy almost anything that is offered in that line. A monthly magazine is also published, for the purpose of "Educating the public and freeing them from the bondage of religion."

A third form of this satanic activity is the debate, held sometimes at the public squares and sometimes in halls. The favorite themes at these meetings are: The Resurrection, The Virgin Birth, The Trinity, The Deity of Christ and The Authenticity of the Bible. These debates are often carried on by educated and able men, who display considerable familiarity with the subjects. The Enemy of God has able generals.

Another method employed to spread infidelity is the establishment of "Sunday-schools." At least four of these in New York City have come to our attention recently. Boys and girls of the neighborhood are brought together and are taught that the Bible is not true and that Jesus Christ was either a mere man or is the mere creation of somebody's distorted imagination. Not long ago a seemingly prosperous man boasted that his two boys, ten and twelve years of age, could and did "argue Christianity out of their schoolmates whenever the opportunity afforded." What harvest must we expect from such seed sowing?

This aggressive infidelity and agnosticism is a challenge to the Christian Church to proclaim the Gospel by word and deed to the unchurched and unsaved multitudes of men, women and children in our cities. Many pastors and laymen are recognizing the opportunity offered by the street meeting to reach the masses, and year after year, during the spring, summer and fall months, they have gone out into the highways and byways preaching the Word of Life. If the average Christian layman were only half as energetic and enthusiastic in witnessing to his faith as the average "Freethinker" is in voicing his unbelief, the activities of organized infidelity in New York City would be met with such a wave of aggressive evangelism as has not been known since the apostolic days. Men and women, boys and girls would then be brought from under the blighting, damning influence of infidelity into the light and liberty of the Son of God.

THE NEvV JAPANESE PREMIER M ANY of the references in the American press to the new Japanese Cabinet speak of the Premier, Count Terauchi, as militaristic and bureaucratic, and anticipate from him an aggressive and energetic foreign policy, a reactionary and repressive administration at home and, in general, an era of bold nationalism which will please the jingo element in Japan. Some of the Japanese papers

OF THE TIMES

speak in the same tone of the Premier and share these anticipations. When such expectations are formed it is often difficult, even with good intentions, to disappoint them. History is too ready to provide what is demanded of it. But there is good ground for rejecting these judgments and forebodings.

It is true that Count Terauchi is a soldier and has the confidence and regard of the military element in Japan, but he has never fought in wars which he brought on. His career in Chosen has been firm but pacific. Some of the most peace-loving Japanese statesmen preferred him as Premier to his most probable rival, on the ground that they believed he would pursue a more conciliatory or irenic course with regard to China and would work for the upbuilding of Japanese character at home, as he had striven by schools, good roads and energetic economic measures to improve Korean character and to promote the entire assimilation of the Koreans and the Japanese.

In an address to the prefectural governors soon after taking office, the new Premier avowed just such purposes as these. He promised that his constant aim would be to uphold justice and to use particular circumspection with regard to the foreign relations of the country, so that its faith with other nations should be kept above reproach. He wished in particular, he said, to maintain friendly relations with China and to place the peace of the Far East on a secure footing. The Premier urged that preparation be made for a reactionary period in trade immediately after the war was ended, the accumulation of specie to strengthen the currency system and the stimulation of the production of articles for export. He emphasized especially a need of national reform based upon the inculcation of the virtues of loyalty to the throne, filial devotion, clean living, honesty, industry, sense and honor. "The efficiency of our national defense depends largely upon the personal character and health of the people and also upon their economic development," he declared.

All friends of Japan will rejoice to credit these assurances and to hope for a peaceful and constructive administration under one who will seek peace the more steadfastly because he knows the horrors of war, and who will strive to promote the moral well being of the nation because he knmvs that righteousness and not force is the true basis of national greatness and prosperity.

VIEWS OF ANCESTOR VORSHIP IN CHIl'A WHEN, at the Shanghai Missionary Conference of 1877, the sub- ject of ancestor worship was discussed at length, the prevalent feeling of opposition was the only one to find full expression. In 1890, when the missionaries came together at the same city in a second General Con ference, three strong objectors to the ordinary view raised their voices against the orthodox presentation of the subject. At the Centenary Conference in 1907 ancestor worship was again discussed, but this time with scarcely any objection to the more liberal views which

seventeen years before had caused a demand for a division of the house in order to isolate those holding dangerous semi-heathen positions, as some regarded them. This gradual movement toward the position of the Jesuits in the seventeenth century, which divided the Romanists of China into two warring camps and which involved Popes in a controversy with China's most eminent emperor, Kang Hsi, is one of the signs of the times in this day of wide interest in universal religion, even in its lower animistic stages.

A long communication has been sent us, written by a consular officer of many years' residence in China. As a true Christian and as one who, through the courts and otherwise, has had occasion to study the subject under consideration, he has arrived at certain convictions which approximately coincide with those of the three dissidents almost outlawed by the General Conference of 1890. His general conclusions are stated in these words: "To my mind, it is clear that to be successful the Church of China must be a truly Chinese Church. Its spirit will be one with the Christian spirit throughout the world; but its form, ritual and festivals, its outward aspects, should be distinctively Chinese and conform to Chinese traditions. As such it would be a bulwark of national life and would be a part of it, not as now a mere excrescence, foreign in form, tradition and tendency. Before it can become truly Chinese, a formula must be found for ancestor worship."

Probably two-thirds of the Chinese missionaries would agree with this contention; but relatively few would assent to all of his proposals looking toward this objective.

As a British official dealing with Chinese lawsuits, he has realized the value of ancestral tablets and the Chia Miao (family temples, literally) in which they are kept. Cases in which Christians have been ostracised, disinherited and deprived of patrimony because of their attitude· toward ancestral worship, or of their destruction of the tablets ("seats of the soul"), have come to his attention. Cases of another sort, in which official position has been secured through "family coherence," as he calls the help from clan and the immediate family in the old examination system, involving the successful civil service candidate in obligations to cousins to the nth degree, make him realize how impossible it is for an upright official to accept all family obligations. Christian principles are essential to alter many things in official practise, and how can Christianity be accepted as the transformer of life when this primal substratum of the family, ancestor worship, is tabooed by the Church? He asserts: "Christianity is in essence too strongly individualistic a religion to assimilate the doctrine of Chinese filial piety. But if Christianity adapts itself ~o conserve the civil forms of this tradition, I firmly believe that it will reenforce and vitalize the national life and morals to the benefit of the country. It would, moreover, have a much better chance of influence for good than it has, so long as it is anti-official and antagonistic to the national tradition."

All this sounds very much like the reasoning of three centuries ago, when Ricci's followers, as Jesuits, argued the case with their opponents

OF THE

of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders. That statement does not at all settle the question, for it is becoming increasingly acute in the New China of to-day, with its tendency to independence in religion and with so many of the younger missionaries in favor of a more liberal view of such worship.

It is inevitable that this theme will be resuscitated and much debated; but in our opinion it is not a matter that the Occidental Christian, nor the Occidental theological professor, can discuss profitably. It is a problem so dependent upon an intimate knowledge of Chinese literature and of Chinese sentiment and usage that only Chinese scholars and competent foreign sinalogues can settle it at all satisfactorily. For Americans to pronounce upon the question would be as futile and as stultifying as was the action of Roman pontiffs of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the case. We firmly believe that Chinese Protestant Christians will realize the true inwardness of these practices and will solve the problems of ancestor worship in the spirit and with the wisdom of our generati.on and of Christ.

THE REVOLT OF MOSLEMS REFERENCE has already been made to the uprising of the Sherif of Mecca against the authority of the Sultan of Turkey. Is this one way in which God is making the wrath of man to praise Him? Dr. J. Wilkie, of the Gwalior Presbyterian Mission, India, sees in this another indication that Turkey is digging her own grave. He writes: "Vhen the war broke out the Young Turkish Party saw glory for themselves, and Enver Pasha and his party compelled Turkey to throw in her lot with the Central Powers. Slowly, however, Turkey is reaping the fruit of her act. Russia has already taken a fairly large bite out of Turkey's most flourishing provinces. Most of Europe had previously been taken from her, and before the war is over she will need to pack up for some more congenial clime-if any such is left to her. Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine and all the old hoary fatherland of the race seem in a fair way to pass into other hands.

"The most severe blow of all was, however, aimed at the autocracy at Constantinople when the Sherif of Mecca seized the holy places of the Moslems and began driving out of old Arabia all signs of the authority of the Sultan."

What does this mean? It is a revolt of those who are wearied with Turkish control, especially with the Young Turks and what are called the Advanced Thinkers. This reform party have brought in many changes not only in Turkey but in all the Moslem world whe.re they have had influence. The conservative Moslem parties have been successively pushed out of office in Egypt, Turkey, Persia and Morocco. The true Moslems, however, declare emphatically that "reformed Moslems are Moslems no longer." The Sherif of Mecca is therefore opposed to the Young Turks on both religious and on political grounds. In his

revolt against Turkey he turns for protection to Great Britain as a nation favorable to the preservation of Moslem control of Moslem shrines.

The reformed Moslem parties are purely political, and their "Pan- Islamic League" and "All India l1os1em League" are efforts to preserve a dying Moslem political power. The "Holy War" in Persia and the Armenian outrages have also been spasmodic attempts to save a dying state.

The "Orthodox" Moslems in Arabia are breaking away from Turkey, since there is no longer a recognized head of Islam in Turkey. The Sherif of Mecca now aspires to this position as a religious rather than as a political office. Turkish government in Arabia has been a failure there as elsewhere, and their loss of even nominal authority is a blessing to mankind. Soon practically all of the Moslems of the world will be under Christian governments, and it is hoped that Islam will cease to be a national religion.

'V"hereas a century ago almost all Moslems were under Moslem rulers, it seems inevitable that the time will come when the entire Moslem world will be under Christian or at least under non-Moslem governments. When will the time come when Moslems will loyally acknowledge the sovereignty of the Lord Jesus Christ as supreme over Mohammed?

IS JUDAISM DISINTEGRATING?

N OT only is Mohammedanism breaking as a result of the war, but, according to Rev. Mr. 'iVebster, missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland in Budapest, there are signs also of the break-up of Judaism. A Jewish writer says: "All that goes to comprise Judaism has been battered well-nigh to death by the war." Mr. Webster calls attention to the great migration of Jews from Poland and elsewhere, and says: "The whole situation is one which Christians cannot view with equanimity, for the matters mentioned, together with the varieties of language spoken by the Jews, the differences in their educational and mental training, in their past political and social environment, their materialistic instincts, the ramifications of their influence on the life of other peoples, all indicate an acute problem; but the upheaval, the disintegration, the soul-hunger, the new groupings and new conditions mark also a perfectly unique opportunity."

All these sorrows of Israel call the Church to realize a danger, to regard a need, to show faith in the power of her own Gospel, and they challenge her to deal with her Jewish mission imperially and practically. The Church requires, more than ever, Jewish mission boards of men who have specialized in the Jewish question, who know the field, are acquainted with Jewish life and thought, conversant with the varieties of Jewish mission work, and therefore able to decide on the demands of the situation.

i; JEDITORIAL COMMENT ~

~" ,"UUil '@ LHriI,h "UUU 'LRN"r*sQ; 'LHhJ" LHhJ'"

RELIGION AND LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE able article on "Religious Liberty in Chosen," which appears in this number, is one of unusual interest. Mr. Komatsu is a fine type of the modern J ap.anese official. After a course at the Doshisha at Kyoto, the Christian College formerly conducted under the American Board and now under the auspices of the Congregational Churches of Japan, he spent several years in the United States at Yale and Princeton Universities. Educated, alert and capable, his abilities were soon recognized by the Japanese Government, and although he is still a comparatively young man, he was appointed by General Terauchi, now Prime Minister of Japan, to the important post of Commissioner of Foreign Affairs of the Government-General of Chosen.

Commissioner Komatsu writes, of course, from his own viewpoint, and in doing so naturally expresses some opinions and makes some statements with which American readers will not be in entire accord. We have, however, gladly given to him the freedom of our columns, and think it most helpful that he has courteously responded to our request. The length of the article and the importance of using it promptly, in spite of its arrival after our pages were filled, has led us to use it in this number in a slightly abbreviated form. Without any change in the statements or opinions expressed, we have left the honorable Commissioner to speak for himself.

It is significant that a responsible Japanese official of high rank should avail himself of an opportunity to state the views of his Government on a domestic issue before English readers on the other side of the world. It affords an additional evidence that the Japanese desire to have a friendly understanding with American and British nations. The era of national isolation has passed and governments can be no longer indifferent to the public opinion of mankind. The Japanese justly claim the right to make their own regulations regarding internal affairs, but they also understand that in this day of international relationships and intercommunication the sentiment of the world must be taken into account. So fully do the Japanese act upon this fact that for several years they have published in English a voluminous "Annual Report of Reforms and Progress in Chosen," in which they carefully explain what they are doing in Chosen and what their plans are for the future.

The pages omitted from Mr. Komatsu's article refer. chiefly to "The Korean Conspiracy Case." This involves so many differences of opinion and such disagreement as to what are the facts that it might cause useless controversy and misunderstanding to enter into a discussion

of the subject. It is now passed, and we trust is settled. V"e could have wished that he had qualified the words "plot" and "attempt" by the word "alleged," since many, even of the Japanese, hold that the accusations were not proven. The court proceedings in this now celebrated case were published long ago in English, and have been read by many persons not only in the Far East but in America and Great Britain. Anyone, reading that bulky pamphlet, can form his own opinion on the basis of the origi- nal documents. Mr. Komatsu is undoubtedly right in mentioning this case as one of the causes of misunderstanding between the Japanese Gov- ernment and the missionaries and Korean Christians.

The educational regulations of the Government-General in Chosen form, however, the main issue at present. A careful distinction should be made between the legitimate end which the Japanese Government is seeking and the wisdom of some of the methods used. The end is the. amalgamation of Chosen as an integral part of the empire of Japan, the assimilation of its people with the Japanese, and the development in them of a national spirit as citizens of the greater Japan. Vith this purpose we are in hearty sympathy, as are the missionary boards at home and an overwhelming majority of the missionaries in Chosen.

All agree, too, that the Japanese Government-General is unques- tionably right in regarding education as essential to the realization of this policy. Accordingly, we rejoice to see the Japanese developing a system of free public schools. We cordially concur, also, in the conviction of the Japanese that public schools maintained by the Government should exclude distinctively religious teaching. The reasons for separating education and religion in the public schools of the United States are made even stronger in Chosen by the presence of Confucianism, Christianity and a medley of rival sects of Buddhism. Of course, we cannot expect the Government to turn its public schools over to anyone of the religions, and in a land where non-Christian faiths still far outnumber Christianity, we may be thankful that the Government schools do exclude religion.

The point at which we differ from Mr. Komatsu's view is as to the right of religious people to teach religion in the private schools which they privately carry on at their own expense. It is right that the Japanese should require such schools to maintain a definite educational standard, but every other civilized government in the world freely accords to religious bodies the privilege to teach religion in private schools in which attendance is voluntary. There are thousands of such schools in the United States, Great Britain and Canada, and the same privilege is enjoyed by mission schools i·n the British possessions in Asia and Africa and in the Philippine Islands.

True friends of Japan in America and Great Britain regpet that the Government-General of Chosen has adopted a policy which, by requiring the omission of religious education from the curricula of these privately supported mission schools, may result in the closing of many

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of these schools that mean so much to the moral and intellectual develop- ment of the Koreans. * 'While we differ from Mr. Komatsu in his viewpoint and think that he has not made clear the distinction between religious education in public and in private schools, we are sure that our readers will share our high appreciation of the marked ability and candor with which he has presented the subject.

POSITIVE MESSENGERS WANTED F IFTY years ago the Foreign Missionary problem was much more simple than it is to-day. Then there were comparatively few boards engaged in the work, and there were not as many Protestant missionaries in all the foreign fields as are sent out now in one year. Then the evangelistic missionary predominated and theological training was considered most important. To-day the medical, educational, industrial and social departments of the work have become so large that they are sometimes in danger of absorbing or overshadowing the evangelistic.

JVloney then was difficult to secure, even in small amounts, and giving was a direct result of prayerful consecration. To-day foreign missions have become more popular through the advocacy of prominent men and women in all walks of life. Philanthropy has extended its interests to foreign lands, and larger gifts, like those of the Rockefeller Foundation, have made possible magnificent achievements in medical and educational work.

Fifty years ago there was more of an appeal to heroic self-sacrifice, for the pioneer work called for many hardships and dangers that do not now normally exist in most mission lands. The missionary was isolated and was called upon to do everything, from reducing a language to writing to building a boat.

The new situation both at home and abroad; the changes in theological views in some seminaries; the larger number of recruits called for and the different basis of appeal in much educational, medical and student work have made it much more difficult to select candidates with strong evangelistic purpose and clear and positive convictions as to the deity of Jesus Christ, the miracles of His life, birth and resurrection, the authenticity of the Bible and the necessity for spiritual regeneration and guidance.

In the apostolic days the call of the Holy Spirit set apart only those men best iltted to establish living churches in new ilelds. None were called with merely philanthropic interest in their brother men, and none who were uncertain in their distinctly Christian message. The men and women who have been truly successful, those who have been instrumental in converting cannibals and idolaters, in establishing praying and *This question is to be more fully disccussed by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, the Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, in an article entitled "]apanese Nationalism and Mission Schools in Chosen" in the January number of the International Review of Missions.

witnessing churches, have been men and women not only of fine Christlike spirit but of deep prayer life and strong convictions as to fundamentals. This is the kind of men and women needed to-day. These are the men and women. called for from the mission fields. Intellectual talents, practical experience and other qualities are desired, but spiritualmindedness and spiritual power are the prime requisites for those who would be God's ambassadors to non-Christian lands. These qualities are necessary to enable the missionary both to resist temptations to sin and compromise and to build up a living, growing, healthy Christianity in foreign lands. While we emphasize the need for high ideals of efficiency and adaptability, we must place the chief emphasis on spiritual equipment; we must make the basis of appeal for new missionaries that of Christ sending His ambassadors to give the regenerating Gospel rather than that of philanthropists who wish to help their fellow men to a higher physical, mental and spiritual plane of living. The Church of tomorrow in China, Africa and elsewhere will depend on the ideals and measure of spiritual power in those who are laying the foundation to-day.

May God thrust out into His harvest fields only the laborers who have been clearly separated and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

MEDICAL MISSIONARY CRISIS IN INDIA SO impelling has been the call for medical help in connection with the Great War that India has given up many of its male medical missionaries for military service. During the past two years British physicians especially have felt the call to offer their services to a base hospital or to an appointment with the troops on the battle-front.

Dr. R. H. H. Goheen, in charge of the Vengurla Mission Hospital, calls attention also to another reason why the medical mission work of British and Continental societies suffers during the war-the obvious reason of a reduced financial support from Europe. Also the increased cost of operation indicates the need of increased support. Medical supplies catalogues indicate a rise in price of not less than 50 per cent for the simpler drugs, e.g., epsom salts, and of as much as 600 per cent for the less common but none the less necessary drugs, e.g., sodium salicylate.

India's need for medical aid has, at the same time, become greater than ever. British medical officers, formerly in charge of civil hospitals and dispensaries, have been withdrawn for military service, and their places are now filled by subordinates. This, of course, puts in the hands of many locally trained Indians greater responsibilities than they ever dared to expect, and should help in their development. The Indian populace suffers, however, because of the absence of the trained men.

America especially is helping over the crisis in the medical missions of India by supplementing the reduced forces of many mission hospitals; by increasing gifts so as adequately to maintain existing work, and by providing for the additional work made necessary because of the withdrawal of the British medical officers from India.

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BY THE HUN. MIDORI KO:IATZU, LL.B. (YALE), M.A. (PRINCETON) Secretary General of the Central Council, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, of the (Japanese) Government-General of Chosen.

At our request the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs has sent the /ollrHc';ng authoritative statement showing the Japanese view of "Religious Liberty in Korea." Tltis is publislted in tlte hope of creating a better understanding of the position of the Japanese as to tlte teaching of religion in mission schools and other subjects. The Commissioner explains that there is nO ground for doubting that full religious liberty is allowed in the Empire.-EDITOR.

I T is evident that a certain misunderstanding and misgiving are enter- tained in some quarters in regard to the policy and plans of the Japanese Government concerning the administration of Korea, par- ticularly so with reference to the regulations concerning religious work and the extent of religious freedom thereby granted in the peninsula. In complying with the Editor for a statement on the subject I may be able to assist in making clear what the Japanese Government is seeking to accomplish in this part of its domains.

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY-EASTERN AND WESTERN Korea now forms an integral part of Japan, and the constitutional guarantee of the Empire for the freedom of religious belief applies equally to the new dominion.

During the Middle Ages religion exercised in Western Europe a preponderating influence, internal as well as international, giving rise to bloodshed and innumerable occasions for strife. Vith the progress of time, however, the emancipation of conscience and freedom of belief came out triumphant after centuries of struggle and are now regarded as of the utmost importance to individual happiness and the public welfare. This principle of freedom of religion and worship first received practical recognition in the time of the French Revolution and of the War of Independence in the United States of America. Since then, the principle has gradually won approval in other civilized countries, and the people living in such countries enjoy entire freedom of religious belief, although some countries still maintain a State religion or favor a particular creed in the organization of their social structure or in their system of education. Great Britain and Germany are notable examples of such countries. In the United States, it was provided in Article I of the First Ten Amendments that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, etc." It is obvious that this amendment was adopted for the reason that to force upon a nation a particular form of belief, by the State establishment of a religion, was

injurious to the natural development of its people; for it would impede their intellectual advancement by free competition, not to speak of diverse prejudices emanating from the mixing of religion with politics.

While in France the freedom of religious belief was declared when the First Republic was established, it was only in recent years that the Government took definite steps aiming at a complete separation of State from Church. A law was promulgated on December 9, 1905, in which it was declared that the Republic guaranteed the liberty of conscience, that it did not recognize any religion, and that it could not grant any allowance or subsidy to any cult whatever.

In order to carry out the principle of the separation of State and Church, the French Government went so far as to cause all estimates relating to religion hitherto included in the budgets of villages, towns. cities, provinces and the State to be struck out. Moreover, all lands and buildings belonging to the State, but used by churches and theological schools as well as by priests as residences, were confiscated and transferred to the possession of villages, towns, cities, provinces and the State, respectively.

Italy naturally experienced greater difficulty in effecting the separation of State and Church. Cavour proclaimed the doctrine of, a free Church in a free State; but he found it impossible fully to carry out the principle in his country, where the dominant religious body was most intimately intertwined with the public life. The State has, however, abandoned the right of nomination to ecclesiastical offices, while the bishops are no longer required to take an oath of allegiance to the King. The State has also renounced all control over the seminaries for priests; and the Church has been granted the freedom of meeting, of publication, and of jurisdiction in spiritual matters. Conversely, acts of the ecclesiastical authorities have ceased to be privileged; they have not only no legal force if they are contrary to the law or violate private rights, but are not even exempt from the provisions of the criminal code.

CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE IN JAPAN Japan is in a more fortunate position in carrying out the principle of complete separation of Church and State than most of the civilized nations in the Occident. Article XXVIII of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which was promulgated in 1889, provides that "]apanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

It may be contended that the freedom of religious belief in Japan is not unqualified but conditional, and, therefore, it cannot be regarded as such in the same sense as in the United States. But no such thing as absolute liberty in any branch of human activity can be conceived as existing in any civilized country. Such liberty which Madame Roland denounced as being responsible for the commission of many crimes in its

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name was no true liberty at all. Liberty is freedom of action without trespassing on the same liberty of others. I t is the result of law, not of the absence of law. Dr. Burgess, of Columbia University, defines freedom of religion and worship in his valuable treatise on "Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law." After alluding to the case of Reynolds v. the United States, in which constitutional immunity of the individual in respect to the freedom of religion and worship was fixed and determined, the learned gentleman says: "The free exercise of religion secured by the Constitution to the individual against the power of the government is, therefore, confined to the realm of purely spiritual worship; i. e., to relations between the individual and an extra-mundane thing." Dr. Burgess then sums up: "So soon as religion seeks to regulate relations between two or more individuals, it becomes subject to the powers of the government and to the supremacy of the law, i. e., the individual has in this case no constitutional immunity against government interference."

This is precisely the kind of freedom of religious belief guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan. Whatever his belief, no believer in any religion, on the ground of serving his God, has the right to place himself outside the pale of the law in a civilized country and so free himself from his duties to the State, which duties he is bound to observe as being one of its constituents. So long as a belief or conviction is confined to the operations of mind, it is beyond the controlling power of the government; but as soon as it appears in the form of worship, in the method of propagandism, in the formation of associations and in public meetings, the government will instantly be obliged to interfere for the sole purpose of maintaining public peace and order by means of general legislation or police regulations.

REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS EXERCISES While there is thus no disparity in the principle of religious liberty between Japan and the United States, the Japanese Government is more deeply concerned than the American Government in regulating religious exercises. The reason is that there exist in Japan more different religions with their numerous sects and denominations than in the United States or in anyone of the European countries. Besides, in the latter countries, where Christianity is regarded as the only true religion, religious liberty is generally considered to mean the freedom of believing either in Catholicism or in Protestantism; while in Japan, including Korea, it means the freedom of embracing any of the existing religions and their branches, which amount to the number of more than seventy, besides more than a dozen denominations of Christianity.

According to Professor Tiele, ethical religions may be divided into (a) communities in which the bond of the nation is a law under divine sanction, such as Jainism, Brahmanism, primitive Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Mazdaism, Mosaism and Judaism, and (b) communities

which are religious and universalistic, i. e., Mohammedanism, Buddhism and Christianity. Now, of all these, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Confu- cianism, Taoism, :Mohammedanism and Christianity, with their number- less sects, are at present obtaining in Oriental countries, and the consti- tutional guarantee of the freedom of religious belief in Japan extends to each and all of these religions.

In Korea, the majority of the people are followers of Confucius, while the rest are mostly believers in Buddhism, only some 350,000 out of 15,000,000 souls being Christian converts. Then there are existent in this peninsula at least four sects of Shintoism and more than fifteen sects of Buddhism, while, excluding the Salvation Army and the British and American Bible Societies, Christianity is represented by ten denomina- tions of Protestantism and three of Catholicism, besides three branches of the Japanese Christian Church. As to missionaries working among the Korean people, they are of five different nationalities, namely: Amer- ican, British, including Canadian and Australian, French, Russian and German.

AFTER THE ANNEXATION OF KOREA When Korea was annexed the Government of Japan decided to incorporate the new territory into the Empire as an integral part, but not as a dependency or colony, and to accord the Koreans the same treatment as the Japanese, except in cases where treaties or special laws provided otherwise. In a proclamation issued on the occasion of the inauguration of the new regime, the Governor-General declared with regard to religious liberty in Korea as follows: "The freedom of religious belief is recognized in all civilized countries. There is indeed nothing to be said against anybody trying to gain spiritual peace by believipg in whatever religious faith he or she considers to be true. But those who engage in strife on account of sectarian differences, or take part in politics, or pursue political intrigues under the name of religious propaganda, do injury to good manners and customs, and disturb public peace and order; and as doing such shall be dealt with by law. There is no doubt, however, that a good religion, be it Buddhism or Confucianism, or Christianity, has as its aim the improvement, spiritual as well as material, of mankind at large, and in this not only does it not conRict with the administration, but really helps it in attaining the object it has in view. Consequently all religions shall be treated equally, and, further, due protection and facilities shall be accorded their legitimate propagation."

From the above quotation it will be observed that the Governor- General of Chosen is bound not only strictly to observe the principle of religious liberty, but the proclamation shows also an appreciation of the real aim of religion. Accordingly the Government has always been prepared to extend, as far as possible, a helping hand to the propagation of religions. In many instances, the Government has sold or leased to foreign missions land or old buildings belonging to the State at moderate prices or nominal rents, and such land or buildings as are exclusively used for religious purposes are exempt from taxation.

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To cite an instance of special grace, a yearly grant of ro,ooo Yen ($5,000) was made for some years by the Governor-General to the Korean Y. M. C. A. in aid of its educational work. The principal representatives of different religious bodies are included in the list of guests privileged to be invited to parties given by the Governor-General on not only formal but on private occasions. In short, it may safely be said that Korea enjoys the same liberty as the mother country, if indeed the neW colony is not shown more favor in religious matters.

How is it then that any misunderstanding should be entertained in some quarters concerning the policy and plans of the Governor-General of Chosen in regard to religious liberty, while in the mainland of Japan no such thing is noticeable? In my opinion two causes give rise to such. misunderstanding. The one is the so-called "Conspiracy Case" and the other the regulations -recently promulgated with regard to education in private schools and religious propagation.

THE SO-CALLED "CONSPIRACY CASE"

The Conspiracy Case was really nothing more than an attempt at assassination of the Governor-General by a number of Korean malcontents. Due, however, to the fact that some of the ringleaders of the plot were connected in one way or another with the mission schools at Sen-Sen [Syen Chun], and that some of the prisoners intended to involve certain missionaries in the case by alleging that the latter acted or spoke in such a way as to encourage them in their attempt, the case assumed an altogether disproportionate dimension and the missionaries concerned directly or indirectly volunteered to take an active part in the movement [for the defendants], which resulted in producing an entirely opposite effect to what they originally aimed at. . . .

A secret dispatch sent to the Edinburgh Conference Continuation Committee by two of the missionaries, and which was reproduced in the China Press) wantonly charged the Government with a plot to drive Christianity out of Chosen and so constituted a "moral conspiracy case" against the authorities. Since the dispatch was private and its publication was entirely unauthorized, the Government had no choice but to refrain from making a public refutation of the grave accusations therein contained. So the accusations remained without being officially denied, giving rise to misunderstanding in certain quarters as to the attitude of the Government towards Christian work in Korea.

NEW REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE SCHOOLS The second cause responsible for misunderstanding is the promulgation of amended "Regulations for Private Schools and Regulations for Religious Propagation." In the former regulations a fixed course of studies is set forth to be observed in private schools, it being practically the same as the one fixed for public schools. The chief aim of this pro-

vision is to bring all educational organs, private as well as public, aiming at giving a national or general e'ducation, under a uniform and efficient system, Accordingly, religious teaching and ceremonies were excluded from the curriculum provided for private schools which intend to give a general education.

Now at the time the regulations were promulgated, there existed in Korea 1,242 private schools, officially recognized, to which the regulations were to be applied, and of these 473 schools were under the management of foreign missionaries belonging to various denominations. As a rule Bible teaching was included in the course of studies of these mission schools. In consideration of the difficulties these schools would experience if they were required immediately to give up religious teaching, the Government granted them a period of grace of ten years in which to comply with the provision in question.

Now it goes without saying that it is the duty of every good government to bring up a people capable of succeeding to the present generation with credit and to secure for the State a strong and lasting foundation. Education, therefore, must be shaped in accordance with the needs of a State and in such a way as to contribute to the maintenance of its national characteristics. Accordingly private schools cannot be exempt from the general educational policy of the Government; for if they be allowed, on account of their being managed by private persons or corporations, to give an education along diverse and unrestrained lines to suit their own peculiar bent, a State will not only be unable to give its citizens a uniform and complete education, but it will furnish reasons and opportunities for religious strife to occur, especially in such a country as Korea with its many private schools maintained and managed by the numerous denominations and sects of Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity.

Under the old Korean Government, little attention was paid to national education, and private schools were allowed to carryon the education of children in the old-fashioned way, Chinese classics and caligraphy being the chief subjects taught. It was but natural that missionaries felt themselves in duty bound to take up educational work along modern lines, and so a large number of schools were brought into existence by them. For this great credit is due to them, and their educational work is highly appreciated by the present administration, which was no sooner inaugurated than it began to pay serious attention to the improvement and development of the educational conditions of the country.

Year by year the present Government has established new schools for the Korean rising generation until to-day there are in the country more than four hundred public elementary schools, besides several higher institutes giving a medical, legal, technical or agricultural education. It is the purpose of the Government-General of Chosen further to improve the educational conditions of the country by establishing many more schools and by introducing exactly the same system of education as in Japan. It was in consonance with this purpose that the Government

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promulgated the Regulations for Private Schools, inevitably involving the separation of religion from education, for these are nothing more than a natural consequence of the application of the fundamental principle of the general administrative policy already fully expounded.

As, however, the advisability of this particular provision has been questioned by some of the interested persons connected directly or indirectly with missionary work in Korea, it does not seem outside of the present purpose to explain here briefly the reason which prompted the authorities to adopt it. It is the opinion of the authorities that, since the freedom of religious belief is constitutionally guaranteed, thereby precluding the subjection of anyone to any disadvantage on account of his or her religious faith, the separation of religion not merely from politics but also from education is requisite in order that the benefit of the guarantee may be fully attained. For if a school posing as giving a general education to children of a certain community, say a village, be permitted to include particular religious teaching in its regular course of study, the inhabitants of such a village, other than believers in that particular religion, would practically be deprived of acquiring a general education should there be but one school in their village, as is generally the case in Korea. If that particular religion happened to be Confucianism or Buddhism, as would most likely be the case in Korea, children of Christian converts would find themselves confronted by the awkward predicament of either being compelled to deny themselves the benefit of an education or subjecting themselves to a religious teaching their parents would naturally dislike being given them. This disadvantage would be still greater in the case of mission schools. pro Baird, the former President of the Union College of Pyeng Yang, held the opinion, no doubt shared by many missionaries, that students and pupils of mission schools should be recruited from among Christian families only, so that the atmosphere of the schools might not be contaminated by the mixture of unbelievers.

It was in view of this that the Regulations under consideration were promulgated, their aim being to secure to people of different faiths perfect freedom of belief without being placed in any disadvantageous position as regards the education of their children. As it is, the Regulations concern only such private schools as are giving general education, and do not affect schools giving special instructions or seminaries or other schools teaching theology or giving religious instruction of a particular sect or denomination. Sunday schools are also left entirely unaffected by the Regulations. At all events, the Regulations do not contain any clause causing obstruction or inconvenience in the way of religious propagation or the carrying on of religious instruction independently of general education.

In the main land of Japan, primary education has entirely become a State function under a compulsory education law where no room is left for the existence of missionary schools of similar grade; and the same

conditions are expected to prevail in Korea before long. As to higher educational institutions, I am of the opinion that different missions should establish colleges or universities in Korea along the same line as in the United States, where Yale University was established by Congregation- alists, Princeton by £resbyterians, and Harvard by Unitarians, but no religious teaching is included in any of their curricula, religion being taught separately at the theological school or seminary attached to each of them. We should welcome the establishment of such institutions in Korea, as they conflict in no wise with the principle of the separation of education and religion.

SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM I have received communications on the subject from many notable gentlemen, including Sir A. H. L. Fraser, Chairman of the European Section of the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, the Rev. Frank H. Paton, Foreign. Missions Secretary of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, the Rev. Dr. R. P. Mackay, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Rev. Dr. Arthur J. Brown, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- ica. It was the last named gentleman who first opened the discussion on the question, treating the subject in his judicious and sensible manner, and eventually finding an approximately satisfactory solution of the delicate problem. I trust that all of these gentlemen have now fully appreciated the actual state of things under which we have to carry out the difficult task of uplifting the Korean people.

At the same time I cannot help entertaining some misgiving whether all of them have clearly comprehended the motive of our educational policy, as I find among their communications on the subject such a statement as that "all we desire is liberty to carryon our evangelistic, literary. medical and educational work along the lines enjoyed by us in our own land and in any other free and civilized community." It will thus be seen that some of them entertain the thought that such liberty is denied to foreign missionaries in Korea. One indeed seems even to hold the view that, if the liberty to teach religion is denied to a school, there can be no religious liberty, and if religious teaching is excluded from schools, such schools might be regarded as lacking a moral foundation.

It does not require much arguing to prove the error of such a view. For, if it be tenable, it follows that there is neither religious liberty nor moral foundation in the public schools of the United States, where religious instruction is excluded. It might be contended that the United States Government does not interfere with private schools. But is not the very fact that religious teaching is excluded from public schools sufficient evidence to prove that such teaching is unnecessary, if not undesirable or harmful, in a general education? There is no reason that the same logic should not be applicable in the case of private schools. It must also be borne in mind that, being a very highly civilized country,

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the United States can afford to adopt the laisser fa ire policy towards pri- vate schools, but such a policy is too far advanced to be adopted in the administration of Korea.

At all events, the aim of the policy of the Government of Korea is to accord the fullest liberty of action to aU agencies of human advance- ment, whether religious, literary, scientific, medical or educational, on con- dition that none of them interfere, conflict or mix up with another. This condition is absolutely necessary in order to secure to each of them its free and perfect development.

REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS PROPAGATION Now let me briefly deal with the Regulations for Religious Propagation. We were far from expecting that the Regulations would arouse even the slightest concern among the foreign missionaries. As a matter of fact, no restriction whatever is imposed by the Regulations on religious belief, but they simply provide certain rules for the ways and means of religious propagation. As I have already mentioned, there exist in Korea many sects and denominations of religions other than Christianity, while the Christian converts number only 350,000 out of a population of 15,- 000,000. Nothing, therefore, could be farther from the truth than to regard the Regulations, which are general in their character, as being aimed against Christian Missions.

Three articles of the Regulations, however, appear to have given rise to the apprehension of the missionaries. The first of these is Article 4, which runs as follows: "In case the Governor-General of Chosen considers improper the methods of religious propagation, the authority of religious superintendents, the methods of superintending propagation work, or the personnel of superintendents of propagation work, he may order changes in them."

N ow there have occurred not a few cases in which superintendents of propagation work belonging to sects of Shintoism or Buddhism have acted in such a way or (esorted to such methods as to make their work detrimental to good morals or public order, and these acts of theirs have often given rise to criminal prosecution. The Government must always be vigilant to safeguard innocent individuals against impostors who dare to make use of religion for the furtherance of their own selfish interests. The aim of the article in question is to control such people, so no decent Christian missionaries, duly appointed and dispatched by properly instituted mission boards, need fear it in any wise. It may be added here that among independent and self-appointed missionaries working in Korea, there are at least two persons in my knowledge who can scarcely be called missionaries, for their principal business appears to be dealing in real properties rather than in preaching the Gospel.

The second of the three articles of the Regulations, to which exception is evidently taken, is Article 6, which runs:

"In case the Governor-General considers it necessary he may order religious denominations or sects other than Shintoism or Buddhism to appoint superintendents of propagation work."

Should this article alone be taken into consideration, one might hastily jump to the conclusion that Christian denominations or sects are subject to more severe control than those of Shintoism or Buddhism. As a matter of fact, however, the very opposite is the case. Shintoism and Buddhism are required by virtue of other articles of the Regulations regularly to appoint superintendents of propagation work, and moreover are required to obtain the permission of the Governor-General thereanent. In the case of Christianity, the appointment of such superintendents is not required in principle except in case the Governor-General regard their appointment as necessary. Besides no permission of the Governor-General is required for such appointment as is the case with Shintoism or Buddhism. Under the circumstance, Christian missionaries should feel thankful for the favorable consideration shown towards their propagation work by this article, instead of feeling any anxiety on account of its insertion in the Regulations.

The third and last of the three articles referred to (Article 9) provides that those intending to establish churches, preaching houses and similar institutions for religious purposes, shall obtain permission of the Governor-General, stating necessary particulars. Some of the missionaries appear to consider this provision to be at variance with religious liberty. There can be no such conflict. In England, if I mistake not, a person must submit plans of an intended structure, dwelling or otherwise, to the urban authorities and get them approved. When one proposes to build his private house to live in, it may be contended that he should be left free as to the way of constructing it, for it has little concern with the public. On the other hand, in the case of a church or preaching house, the public is invited to attend it. The Government must see that it does not fall down or that kindred accidents do not occur causing bodily injury to the people assembled therein. The reader may laugh at this, picturing to himself the missionaries full of intelligence and well provided with funds, and moreover working under the constant superintendence of the mission boards concerned. But when one comes in contact with native religionists, both Korean and Japanese, and finds many of them sadly lacking in individual ability or in that organizing faculty needed for carrying on propagation work in a -proper manner, he will easily appreciate the necessity of enforcing regulations even more strict than those now under consideration.

A FEW HISTORICAL INCIDENTS Having explained, briefly but to the best of my ability, the causes that gave rise to misgivings as to the Government policy, I now refer to a few incidents connected with the history of Christian teaching in Korea in order to show the attitude of the administration in a better light.

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Dr. J. S. Gale, one of the most eminent pioneer missionaries in Korea, has furnished me with an interesting statement that the first Christian missionary to enter Korea came on the invitation of General Konishi of the Japanese army who invaded Korea in 1594. He was Gregorio de Cespedes, a Jesuit priest. While his work was to preach the faith primarily among the Japanese troops, he still did not neglect to teach those Koreans with whom he came in contact. This seems to be the first appearance of Christian teaching in Korea. From that time Roman Catholic missionaries gradually found their way into Korea, and, notwithstanding an edict promulgated for the prohibition of Christian teaching, their work continued to spread, until in 1866 the Korean Government undertook a great persecution of Korean converts with the purpose of stamping out Christianity. The Korean Government went the length of arresting Bishop Berneux and eight of his priests and beheading them on the bank of the Han River near Seoul. In 1879 two French priests were arrested and threatened with death, but were rescued by the Japanese Minister at Seoul and sent to Japan, where Christian propagation enjoyed complete freedom. It was in the same year that the present Bishop Mute! arrived in Korea. He had to work in secret till the opening; of Korea to international relations relieved him of all such necessity. In this connection it must be added that Japanese diplomatic representatives frequently endeavored to convice the Korean Government of the inadvisability, not to say the danger, of restricting religious freedom.

However, it was not until Japan undertook the protection of Korea that Christian churches and preaching houses were allowed to be established outside the limits of foreign settlements. N or until that time were missionaries permitted to live in the interior. Under the circumstances, all the buildings established outside the foreign settlements for the purpose of Christian preaching had to be held in the name of Koreans, while missionaries could only live in the interior as temporary sojourners. Soon after Prince Ito came to Seoul as Resident-General, however, the ownership by foreigners of churches and preaching places was acquiesced in under special arrangements and the permanent residence of missionaries in the interior was permitted. Since the annexation of Korea, the whole country has been opened to foreigners. Churches or preaching places may now be openly established anywhere and the capacity of missionaries as religionists is publicly recognized.

I mention these historical facts to show that the Japanese authorities have consistently adopted for many years past a very liberal policy towards Christianity, being always ready to encourage its propagation. They have no idea whatever of putting obstacles in the way of Christian missionaries in the legitimate pursuit of their work, and if any of them entertain misunderstanding or misgiving as to the policy of the Government towards their work, it will be seen froro what I have stated that it is entirely unwarranted.

GRANT UNDERWOOD, D. D., LL. D

Missionary to Korea, 1885 to 1916 With Dr. Underwood is seated Paik Saing 'Kyu, a Korean graduate of Brown University. He is the son of the wealthy President oC a Korean Bank and after his conversion to Christ, through the instrumentality of Dr. Underwood, became Professor of Economics in the Cbo~n Christian College in Seoul. A Sketch of His Life and Work for Korea BY MRS. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

" He scarce had need to doff his pride or slough the dross of earth. E'en as he trod that day to God so walked he from his birth In simpleness and gentleness and honor and pure worth."

The Re'Verend Horace G. Underwood, D.D., LL.D., one of the pioneer missionaries to Korea, 'Was a man of such 'Varied gifts, and accomplished such marked results along so many di'Verse lines, that this sketch by Mrs. Under- 'Wood can louch bUI briefly on his life and the ser'Vice that he rendered to Christ in Korea.-EDITOR.

H ORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD was born in London, Eng- land, on July 19,1859, and at the age of twelve came to America with his father, who was a manufacturing chemist. He came of godly parents, his father being a remarkable man. It was in the village of Upper Durham, New Jersey, where the family made their home, that the young man first confessed Christ and united with the Reformed Church. He soon decided to enter the ministry and to become a missionary. After a preparatory course at Hasbrouck Institute, Jersey City, he entered New York University and after being graduated from there in 1881 he spent three years in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. He was ordained .by the classis of the Reformed Church and immediately took charge of a small church in Pompton, New Jersey, where his services resulted in revivals and in greatly quickened missionary interest. When the elders of the church begged him not to urge his people to give so much money for missions, as they would not be able to pay his salary if he kept on, his characteristic reply was: "If such is the case I will gladly go without my salary." At the end of the period, however, the church had quadrupled its gifts to missions and had doubled the pastor's salary.

Mr. Underwood was planning to go to India, and commenced the study of medicine as an added equipment for that work_ The Collegiate Church of New York offered him $1,500.00 a year to act as their pastor, preaching only one sermon and conducting one prayer-meeting while he carried on his studies. But just then Korea was opened and its call came to him with such imperative force that he decided at once to secure an appointment to that field.

The Reformed (Dutch) Church, of which he was then a member, was not prepared to open a new mission in Korea, so that he went out under the Presbyterian Board in 18 84-the first Protestant evangelistic missionary to Korea. The wonderful development of the work in that hermit

peninsula is fairly well known. We shall try to tell something of the character and life of the pioneer missionary that sounds a bugle call to all believers, an "Excelsior" ringing from mountain heights, of devotion and consecration.

Among the outstanding traits of character in Horace Grant Under- wood was a great heart filled to overflowing with love to God and all humanity. From the very begin- ning of his career his personal charm won all classes and condi- tions of men, both at home and in Korea. This came from the love and good-will which flowed from him in a perennial stream toward everyone. The nobility were his friends, the poor were his brothers.

One of his first deeds of mercy on reaching his station in Korea was to nurse a strange European through a terrible case of black small-pox.

During two fearful epidemics of cholera, he gave himself almost con- tinually, often day and night, to the service of the poor loathsome victims of the plague, so that the coolies were heard saying, as he hurried through the streets at late hours and at a high rate of speed: "That is the Jesus man going to nurse the sick. He works all night and all day without rest because he loves us."

After the death of the Queen of Korea, when consternation and panic reigned in the Palace and a A KOREAN WOMAN band of enraged citizens attempted to force an entrance to release the King, Dr. Underwood, who was acting temporarily as interpreter to the American, English and Russian Legations, managed to carry mes- sages of comfort and food to the poor shaken ruler, who dared not touch the nourishment offered him by those who held him in durance. For months he went back and forth to the Palace as the comforter, adviser and brother of the King.

In itinerating trips among the little villages in the country he would go into the men's quarters, often crowded to suffocation, the air reeking with foul odors, and sit for hours chatting with the people like a brother, slipping right into their hearts, learning their difficulties, winning the

GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

recalcitrant and troublesome back to the right way, making peace between the quarrelsome, smoothing out rough places, and all with a joy as though it were the choicest pleasure of his life-as indeed it was. Nowhere did he so shine, or seem so happy as in close fellowship with these poor country Christians who loved him with touching devotion. This same love made itself felt among the European residents and the foreign community; even those whom others were inclined to avoid or condemn he loved, hoped for, and befriended.

No man with broad and far vision and strong individuality but meets opposition, sometimes severe and sharp, and Dr. Underwood was not an exception. But for those who hindered and blocked his carefully wrought plans, and again and again pulled to ruins his most cherished hopes, he never had a word of bitter censure, even in the bosom of his family. He grieved, it is true, but he never spoke of an opponent in any but a Christian spirit or in any way that could be recalled with pain, for his heart harbored no bitterness.

I cannot close this paragraph without quoting one of the testimonies recently written by one who had been a fellow worker in the same mission station for fifteen years: "His was a wonderfully sympathetic and generous heart; he was one of God's noblemen, so courteous and kindly, always so patient and gentle. I never heard him or heard of his saying a harsh thing A KOREAN STUDENT of another person. He never criticized or judged others or their motives. As I think back on the past fifteen years that I have known him, he stood out among all others as the most Christ-like person I have known."

Again, Dr. Underwood's intellectual gifts seemed wonderfully bestowed, as though purposely for the work he had chosen. He had an unusual adaptability for getting to the inner spirit of any language he wished to master, and was able not only to grasp it with a speaking knowledge but could comprehend it and make it entirely his own. This ability was combined with plain practical common sense, and a veritable genius for business details, and for organization, and with quick insight

and broad, far vision. He also possessed the gift of impassioned oratory which, as many in America can testify, often lifted people out of themselves with enthusiasm and won many missionaries and largs sums of money for the foreign field.

Horace Underwood possessed another power, that of long, close, intense concentration and application to literary work of the most exacting kind, as in Bible translation, to which he devoted much time, where the faintest shade of a change from the original may mean so much that the weight of responsibility is very heavy to the conscientious translator.

A third marked characteristic of the man was the physical indefatigability he continually displayed. On country trips it was no very uncommon thing for him to walk fifty miles in a day, for he disliked the slow jog of the little Korean ponies. After walking even many miles he would hold meetings, conferences and examinations, which frequently lasted up to twelve or one o'clock at night. Very likely he would then start on for another place before daylight next morning. This he would do repeatedly under the great pressure of the work.

In America, Dr. Underwood often spoke three times in a day for several days running, and frequently on Sundays even seven times, travelling at night. On more than one occasion he continued his speaking engagements at the risk of his life rather than go to bed or to the hospital for much-needed medical treatment. Those who travelled with him on these campaigns–Dr. Hall, Dr. Avison and Dr. A. Woodruff Halsey -can testify to this unwavering energy when there was work to be done.

Aside, however, from the gifts with which he was s:ndowed by N ature, were those by which the· Holy Spirit crowned and perfected the others. Perhaps the first of these was an absolute, unwavering faith, firm as a rock. He never knew the faintest hint of a doubt either as to the entire infallibility of the Scriptures or of any of the great verities of the Christian religion as taught by the Presbyterian standards. Having known him more intimately than anyone for over twenty-eight years, I have never seen the least sign of wavering in his steadfast trust and confidence in God, in His Word, and in the forward march of His Kingdom. Dr. Underwood's strong and constant reliance on prayer in all things seemed to strengthen with years. His hope was always clear and bright; his acquaintances on both sides of the world 3111 knew him as preeminently optimistic and happy, always believing and hoping the best for all people and all conditions. Never was he despondent, gloomy or fearful. His physician in the last illness remarked that he had never seen a patient so universally cheerful, happy and uncomplaining.

This Christian man's absolute consecration to his Master and his Master's cause awakened respect again and again. He was a man of broad sympathies and interests, and found real pleasure in the good things of the world which the Father gives us richly to enjoy, but never did he allow earthly advantage, pleasure or profit to stand for a moment in the way of his duty or the advancement of the Lord's work. Anything,

everything-health, family, friends, money, time or pleasure-were, without hesitation, brushed aside and pushed ihto the background to make way for that Cause to which he devoted his life.

, A year ago, while at the seashore for much-needed rest and even then suffering from the disease that resulted in his death, he spent the en- tire vacation working with Dr. Rey- nolds on the revision of the tentative translation of Isaiah. He finally returned home more wearied and ill than he had been in the beginning of the summer, and during the two years when, according to doctors'

urgent advice, he should have been in America taking treatment, he was laboring, toiling, pouring out his very life in strenuous efforts to establish the Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute, the Union Christian Col- lege, pushing the interests of the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., the boys' and girls' academies, the vari- ous Mission institutions, the forty little country churches under his care, HORACE G. UNDERWOOD IN ,884 advancing the various branches of his literary work and endeavoring to establish the Missions in satisfac- tory relations with the Japanese Government.

Even during this period. when he was suffering such exhaustion from illness that he would generally come in white and almost fainting from his work, he taught classes and attended conferences and committee meet- ings, often far into the night.

DR. UNDERWOOD'S FIRST HOME AND CHURCH IN SEOUL

Like many other missionaries of ability, Dr. Underwood had numer- ous opportunities for financial gain, including offers of positions in Amer- ica which would have brought him an income of many thousands of dollars. From the Korean ruler, before the occupation by Japanese, came offers too great to mention publicly, if with the privileges of American citizenship he would undertake certain affairs for His Majesty. In early days, when Missions were said to be most out of favor with the Government, he was offered a free hand in the Government Schools, and in later years an offer came from the Court to make Presbyterianism the State religion, with the privilege of baptizing all officials from the King down. Upon all these things he, of course, turned his back without a moment's hesitation, for it was not that way that the Cross of Jesus led.

Greater, however, was the temptation that came to establish, independently of all Boards and Missions, the Union Christian College of Seoul, which lay so near his heart. This was one of the most cherished dreams of his life, toward which he was bending every effort and sapping the last of his strength. He encountered one obstacle after another, and unrelenting opposition from those who could not grasp his vision. Though this plan for an independent college would have seemed to make easy the fulfilment of his dreams, he rejected it as disloyal to his Mission and to the best interests of the cause of Christ. He believed that it should be established as a Union enterprise to be carried on in cooperation with the Mission. He died worn out by his efforts to bring the institution into being for the benefit of Korea; but he is working and hoping for it still.

Last winter, when his health was so broken that he should have been confined to the house, he went to Japan to study Japanese in deference to the wishes of the Government that all educationalists should familiarize themselves with their people, customs, language and laws. In spite of increasing weakness, he spent nine hours a day in study, using two teachers, attending meetings, churches and dinners; calling on officials, visiting institutions, using his influence and tact in arranging the affairs of the Korean Students' Church and Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo; working with so little mercy on himself that he returned to Seoul in April completely prostrated, and too late for change of climate or the best medical aid to bring a recovery. He had thus set an example to others and won love and favor for his chosen work and field. He had established firm friendships and carried the white Dove of Peace where suspicion and enmity had stirred, but it was at the tremendous price of his life.

His home in Korea, as everything else that was his, was always at the disposal of Koreans or of the missionaries, and was a rendezvous where frequently might be found missionaries, country Christians, voluntary workers, palace officials, magistrates from the country, princes and high nobles, college professors, schoolboys, or church committees. All thronged him so that often there seemed to be "no time so much as to eat." The basement study held the native copyists and writers. On the first floor

1916J HORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

VIEW OF SEOUL, SHOWING DR. UNDERWOOD'S LATE RESIDENCE The Gift of his Brother, John T . Underwood was the business office, where two or three typists and secretaries tried to lighten the work of his correspondence and Mission business. On the second floor was a study, where, with the help of an American secretary, Mr. Underwood did his own private work. The parlor and dining-room, and sometimes the spare bedroom, were used for committees, two or three of which often overlapped.

But enough has been said, though not all, to illustrate his consecration of all he had to Christ. Merely in outline I have tried to show the salient points of the man's character. There remains only to recapitulate his chief ideals and some of the results accomplished by God through his life.

The great aims of his life were: The conversion of the Korean nation to Christ, the organic union of all evangelistic sects on the field, the establishment of self-support in the whole native church and general study of the Bible by all Korean Christians. But "Union" was his great ideal.

The three especial objects dear to his heart for some years before his translation, all of which were only a part of this desire for union, and tributary to it, were: The establishment of the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute; the founding of a seashore rest station, where many missionaries might gather in summer, and there come to see more eye to eye; and third, the Union Christian College of Seoul, where young men of all denominations might be fitly prepared for Christian leadership.

The first two he saw accomplished; the third, I believe, he will yet see from the other side, carrying on there the mission that his far vision grasped here.

Dr. Underwood's literary work was a large and important part of his service. He was Chairman of the Missions' Board of Bible Transla- tion for many years, and left also a translation of the Scofield Bible which Dr. Gale and he carried through together. In the earlier days of his work he prepared a hymn book, many of the hymns being his own transla- tions, and a grammar and pocket dictionary. He translated a large num- ber of tracts and edited a Korean religious weekly paper. This latter was very popular with heathen readers as well as Christians, especially farmers and country magistrates, and was growing rapidly into more and more favor when it passed from his hands.

For years he held a chair in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Mission. Besides finding men and money for many of the institutions of the Mission (never confining his efforts to his own station or his own work), he had a very considerable share in the establishment of the Southern Presbyterian and Canadian Missions, the Tract Society, the Bible Society, was the chief mover in the beginning of the Y. M. C. A., and took a very important part in the division of territory which made comity among so many l1issions possible. Indeed, when the committees had come to a standstill, and it was feared that the whole matter must be dropped or postponed, his skill and tact found a way which all could accept.

In his early years he established the Boys' Orphanage in Seoul, which later hecame the Wells School, and he assisted Dr. H. N. Allen in hospital work, in addition to literary and evangelistic labors. In his last years he taught in the Bible Institute, the Men's annual classes and the Christian Union College. He always carried on active evangelistic work in city and country, and always had large districts, with forty or fifty churches under his care, which he visited personally once or twice a year and kept in close touch with by letters and helpers. He was, at different periods, a member of the Mission Executive Committee and Moderator of the Native General Assembly. That he should have been called away in the midst of his work seems mysterious, but probably the words of the Rev. Dr. Jowett will not be out of place in this connection: "I can scarcely use the word 'death' in relation to him, and feel inclined to withdraw it. It is just the promotion of a devoted servant of his Lord to higher, freer service. I cannot think that he is even withdrawn from the ministry of the Mission Field; I must believe that he will still serve it with larger vision and with inconceivably increased fruitfulness."

As we think of him we seem to vision him now with an innumerable company of angels, the general assembly and church of the First Born, which are written in Heaven, God the Judge of all, the spirits of just men made perfect, and Jesus the Mediator, from whom neither death nor life ~an separate His own.

BOYS' SCHOOL IN SEOUL STARTED BY HORACE G

Dr. Underwood's Service in Korea BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WHEN Horace G. Underwood arrived in Korea, on April 5th, 1885, the only missionaries who had preceded him were Horace N. Allen, M.D., and Mrs. Allen. These pioneers had encoun- tered so much suspicion and opposition that they would have found it difficult to remain if the American Minister had not appointed Dr. Allen as physician to the Legation. In those early days foreign-built houses did not exist; sanitary conditions were indescribable; conveniences to which Americans are accustomed were unknown and mails were infrequent, so that the early missionaries were in a situation of peculiar loneliness, isola- tion and trial. .

But the young missionary began his work with resolution and an un- grudging willingness to endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.

He was first in various ways. He was the first ordained missionary to Korea. He baptized the first convert in 1886. He opened the first school, also in 1886: "The Jesus Doctrine School," it was called. He or- ganized the first church in September, 1887. He administered the fi~st Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, in his own house, on Christmas Day of that year, only seven communicants being present. In the same year he made the first of those long itinerating tours into the interior, by which he and his successors spread the knowledge of the Gospel far and wide in Korea and which later resulted in groups· of believers in hundreds of towns and villages. He began the first literary work of Christian missions in Korea, and in 1889 published the first of the long list of volumes with which he and other missionaries have enriched the literature of missions.

He was also the first tp open the Scriptures in written form to the Ko.

reans, his translation of the Gospel by St. Mark in 1887 first making the Word of God accessible to the people.

For a long time the progress of the work was painfully slow, and it would have been discouraging to less resolute spirits. After ten years of indefatigable labor on the part of Dr. Underwood and the few missionaries of the Presbyterian and the Methodist Episcopal Board, who had joined the little band, there were only one hundred and forty-one Christians in the whole country.

The tide turned in 1895, when the missionaries in Pyeng Yang displayed such conspicuous fidelity, courage and devotion after the battle of Pyeng Yang in the China-Japan War, and the missionaries in Seoul manifested equally conspicuous courage and devotion in dealing with an epidemic of cholera.

From that time the work made rapid progress, until Korea has become one of the most extraordinarily fruitful of missionary fields. In all this development Dr. Underwood was a prominent and influential factor from the beginning. The variety and scope of his activities are indicated by the following list of positions that he held at various times: Teacher of Chemistry and Physics in the Royal Medical College, Chairman of the Union Board of Bible Translators, Treasurer of the Mission, Chairman of the Mission, Secretary of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Chairman of the Korean Educational Federation, President of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Professor of Theology in the Theological Seminary, Principal of the John D. Wells Training School for Christian Workers, and President of the Seoul Christian College. Many-sided as were his labors and faithful and efficient as he was in all, he rejoiced most in his evangelistic work. He preached the Gospel not only in the city of Seoul, where he resided, but also among the many villages of the adjacent region. A district of diocesan proportions was under his care, and he did in it the work of an apostle, holding meetings, baptizing converts, conducting Bible conferences, organizing groups and churches, ordaining elders, settling disputes and counselling leaders. He often walked upon these tours, slept in the wretched Korean huts or inns, and exposed himself freely to physical hardships from which many a man would have shrunk.

He was active, too, as a translator and author. He published an English-Korean Dictionary in 1889, a Korean Grammar in the same year; "The Call of Korea" in I908, "The Religions of Eastern Asia" in 1910, and "An Introduction to the Korean Spoken Language" in 1915.

He had extraordinary influence with high officials and members of the royal family, including the Emperor himself, who often consulted him, ~nd sent him a valuable pearl ring as a wedding present. When the Queen was assassinated in 1895,' the Emperor, fearing for his own life, turned to Dr. Underwood and two other Americans, and at the royal request they spent the night with him in his private chamber. Along toward morning the exhausted monarch nestled close to Dr. Underwood and dropped to sleep upon the missionary's shoulder: After the annexation

UNDERWOOD'S SERVICE IN

of Korea by the Japanese, the Japanese officials were for a time some- what suspicious of him in view of his known intimacy with the royal fam- ily and his sympathies with the frightened people; but they soon came to learn and to value the high quality and absolute trustworthiness of the man, and when he recently left Korea for the last time the authorities showed him marked honor.

Honors were showered upon this eminent missionary. On the field, he held at one time or another every office within the gift of his Mission and the Korean Church. A striking evidence of the high esteem in which he was held was given on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his wedding. On March 13th, 1889, he had married Miss Lillias S. Horton, who had gone to Korea as a medical missionary of the Presbyterian Board in 1888, and who became his inseparable and invaluable help-meet in all his subsequent life and work. On March 13th, 1914, nearly all the notable men and women of Korea's capital called to tender their congratulations-members of the consular corps, Japanese officials, Korean nobles, missionaries and Korean Christians of all communions, and faculties and student depu~ tations of schools, while the tables were loaded with presents.

In America, Dr. Underwood was one of the most popular and influential of missionaries. Whenever he was known to be on furlough, he was almost overwhelmed by invitations to speak. He was the chairman of the deputation of missionaries appointed by the Board to conduct the Korea propaganda in 1907. He labored with splendid zeal and success in awakening the Church to a realization of the urgent needs of Korea and in providing additional reenforcements and appropriations, and to him is due no small part of the credit for the success of that campaign.

It is hard to think that such a man has been taken from earth at the comparatively early age of fifty-seven, when his intellectual powers were at their height. Cables from the field expressed the grief of his fellowmissionaries and of the Koreans, for whom he had done so much and who gave him their love in unstinted measure. He manifestly walked with God before men, attempting great things for God and expecting and receiving them. He will live in the history of Christianity as one of the founders and builders of the Church in Korea.

Dr. Underwood was among the last of the pioneer. missionaries. Hardly any non-Christian land now remains to be opened. Very few missionaries are left of those who went to the great mission fields in the days of beginnings, and they are rapidly passing from sight. There were no foundations laid, no translations or apparatus of any kind prepared for them to make their work easier. They had to do ev'erything for themselves in circumstances of great difficulty. That they builded well the strength and proportions of the rising churches abundantly prove. It is for those who have come after them and who are called of God to carry on their work to show like faith and devotion, and to pray that a double portion of their spirit may rest upon us, to the end that the good work so well begun may be performed "until the day of Jesus Christ."

"Russlan _

~ tt~::r:.!~~~.t~t'·~.) ~ British I __ iFrcnch rtalian ~ Greek THE DISINTEGRATION OF TURKEY

Turkey of To-morrow

BY A MISSIO::-.JARY, RESIDENT FOR THIRTY YEARS IN TURKEY This remarkable forecast of the future of Turkey give.. the views of one most familiar with the situation. There is, of course, nothing settled except in the mind of God.-EDITOR.

N IGHTMARES do not last forever. This is providential; other- wise life would not be worth living. "Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," is the divine consolation for us all.

Watching one's own house burn down is never a pleasant duty, particularly when the disaster is attended with loss of life. But there is some consolation in making plans for rebuilding, as well as real joy in attending to any sufferers and relieving their pain. The breakdown and break-up of the Turkish Empire has been predicted for many decades, but its actual occurrence is bringing no less anguish for that reason. Business has been killed in the process; the budding prosperity of the country has been nipped with frost; the development of the educational system has been retarded, and in the general stopping of all progress, Christian and missionary work has suffered terribly. In the awful toll of death caused by war and massacre, pestilence and persecution, more than a dozen missionaries, scores of Armenian pastors, preachers and teachers, and many thousands of native Christians have laid down their lives. Churches, schools and hospitals and whole stations have been closed and their beneficial work has been stopped.

It is, however, not of the catastrophe that we would speak now, but rather of its remedy; not of the past, but of the brighter future. No one with an unshaken faith in Him who said, "In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world," can doubt that the clouds will break away, and "at evening time there shall be light." Such an overthrow of the world's civilization would bury our hope and faith in its avalanche, did we not believe that something better is to follow.

I. THE POLITICAL FUTURE OF TURKEY The Ottoman Empire has staked its very existence on the success of the Germanic Powers. While the outcome is yet in the balance, one thing at least seems absolutely certain-that politically we can never revert to the Ottoman Empire of yesterday. Whatever the result of this battle of the Titans, there must be a change in Turkey. If a deadlock should be declared, Turkey is too much in German control, and her finances are in too desperate a condition, to allow her to resume

absolute control over her own destinies. N either Russia, who now occupies some fifty thousand square miles of Ottoman territory, nor Germany, whose commercial and other interests have suffered greatly through Turkish incompetence, will consent to the rehabilitation of the Ottoman Empire on the basis of 1914.

. Aside from a possible deadlock, or stalemate, there appear to be two conceivable results of the world war-a victory of the Central Powers or a victory of the Entente Powers. Granted that the second Balkan 'Var showed the world the sickening possibility of a tertium quid-an entirely unexpected outcome. But unless the world has gone stark mad, every effort will be made to avoid another such disgrace.

If Germany is Pictorious Consider, then, first the political outlook for Turkey in case of a Teutonic victory. Turkey has been fighting Germany's battles for Germany; and Germany has been sending ammunition, men and officers to the aid of Turkey, not for Turkey's sake, but for her own. For decades Germany has actively proceeded on the assumption that Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Syria were her "place in the sun." The visits of the Kaiser, especially the second in I 898, when he went to Damascus and Jerusalem and proclaimed himself the protector of "three hundred millions of Moslems," and the long series of commercial agreements connected with the construction of the Baghdad Railroad, illustrate the German plan of peaceful penetration. But behind the peacefulness there was preparedness. A writer in a Berlin paper of November 17, 1913, challenges France that if she wants Syria, she will have to fight for it. Germany, moreover, while insisting that her interests are purely commercial, has yet taken steps to safeguard those interests right over the head of the Turk. Following the Potsdam agreement of 19IO, an arrangement between Germany and Russia was signed at St. Petersburg in August of 191 I, as to the Persian and Baghdad Railroads, in which these two governments agreed to "facilitate international traffic on the Khanikin-Baghdad line," and the Russian Government agreed not to hinder the construction of the Baghdad Railroad. All this was done without so much as notifying the Ottoman Government of an arrangement concerning the construction and operation of roads within her territory. It may not be generally remembered that the Baghdad Railroad concession gave the Germans the right not only to construct the road, but to establish a steamboat service on the Tigris and Euphrates, as well as the exclusive mining privileges in a belt extending twenty kilometres on each side of the line; and it further promised a kilometric guarantee of 4,500 francs per kilometre per annum for running the road, from the Turkish Government.

Since the summer of 1914, when Germany bought the support of Turkey by donating the Goeben and Breslau, plus Admiral Suchan and several millions of pounds in gold, many things have happened to con-

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

vince the Germans that Teutonic interests would never be safe under Turkish governmental control. Financial matters were at such loose ends that Germany insisted on having a German appointed as "adviser" to the Ottoman Minister of Finance, and this functionary is practically in charge of that ministry.

The educational system was also proving a menace, till Germany compelled Turkey to accept Herr Schmidt as "adviser" to the Ministry of Public Instruction. For example, in September, I9I5, owing to the closing of the English, French and Italian schools, the enrolment at the German school in Constantinople (Pera) taxed the utmost capacity of their building. The school, therefore, leased a large building next door for the overflow. After it had been cleaned and made ready for occupation, and just as the Herr Professor was about to occupy it, a Turkish hodja marched in his hundred or so pupils and proclaimed squatter sovereignty; and all the influence of the German Ambassador was unable to oust him or restore the building!

Such incidents have been legion, and they have led the exasperated Germans to take over control into their own hands. The sanitary inspection for persons leaving Constantinople for Europe has been entirely removed from Turkish control, and practically every ministry in the cabinet now has a German "adviser" in control of its workings. The Germans have no idea whatever of relinquishing their control over Ottoman affairs; and should the fortunes of war favor their side, the Turkish Empire will, without doubt, become a German protectorate, with far less autonomy than Egypt has had under England. German commercial interests along the Baghdad line and elsewhere shall never again be jeopardized by Turkish misrule.

If the Allies 'Fin Then let us imagine the Entente Powers victorious; what terms will they dictate to Turkey? The Turk himself has often acknowledged that this would mean dismemberment. Probably there exists between England, France and Russia a very definite agreement a's to the white and dark meat, even to the wishbone of Constantinople. They have not made public the plan, but several things are certain. Sir Edward Grey has announced in public the consent of the British Government to Russia's taking the wishbone. Further, Russia has set about carving her way thither along the northern parts of Asia Minor. As far back as 1899, Mr. Zinovieff, the Russian Ambassador, secured from the Porte the famous Black Sea agreement, by which no concessions for railway construction should be granted in the Black Sea basin of Asia Minor except to Russians. The Great Bear evidently intends to place its paws on the whole of northern Anatolia, to connect Constantinople with Russia's Caucasian territories.

As for France, a treaty between Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Franois r., in 1535, is the beginning of the French protectorate

over the Christians in the Levant. This was confirmed by Sultan Mahmoud I., in 1740, and was reiterated on the other hand by Pope Leo XIII., in 1898. A similar protectorate over the Christians of Macedonia and Albania was secured to Austria by treaty in 1699 and 1718. France has, in fact, confined her area of operations practically to Syria and Palestine, where the growth of her educational interests is indicated by the fact that in the French Catholic University of St. Joseph and its Faculty of Medicine, in Beirut, there were, before the institution was closed by the Turks on the outbreak of war, a thousand pupils. Mr.

T. F. Farman said in the Contemporary for September last year, that the question of French Catholic missions in Syria "is highly political," and no mere religious sentiment. And it is true that in 186 I the French sent a military expedition to the Lebanon to end the war between Druses and Maronites. An able French writer in the Re'l.Jue H ebdomadaire for March, 1915, says: "No' logical denial and no economic quibble could be raised against the secular right of France to the protectorate not only of the Holy Land, but of the whole of Syria. Indeed, none is raised."

England's interests lie along the reaches between Egypt and India. She dreams of a protectorate over the whole of the peninsula of Arabia, where she now has the outposts of Aden, the Kuria Muria Islands and Bahrein, with the practical suzerainty over the Sheikh of Kuweit and the Sultan of Oman. As more Moslems are to-day under the British flag than under any other, it would not seem inappropriate if Great Britain exercised some sort of control over the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Furthermore, she has extensive economic interests in Mesopotamia, whose immense oil fields and coal deposits await development, where the Lynch Brothers have long had a steamship concession on the Tigris and the Shatt-el-Arab, and where the great Hindie Barrage, constructed by Sir 'Villiam 'Villcocks, has so worthily begun the modern irrigation system destined to restore to old Babylonia its former wealth and prosperity. In any division of Ottoman territory by the Entente Powers both Arabia and Mesopotamia would doubtless fall to Great Britain.

Italy has had her eye on the southwestern corner of Asia Minor ever since she seized the Dodecanese, or twelve islands off that shore, including Rhodes, Cos and Carpathos, during the !tala-Turkish war of 191 I. This strip of territory, embracing the fortress of Bodroum and the town of Adalia (Attalia), with an indefinite hinterland, possibly up to the Bourdour lakes, is wholly undeveloped, and may not prove of great commercial value; but the other nations are apparently as willing for Italy to have it as they were for her to rob Turkey of Tripoli in 1911, when they coolly stood by and watched that plundering expedition.

If nationality and the wishes of the population be consulted, then by all means the western shores of Asia Minor, from the Scamander

IN CONSTANTINOPLE-A FIRE COMPANY AND

Until recently these primitive hand-carried and hand-worked fire engines were the Turkish protection against conflagrations. They represent the unprogressive character of the Turk.

to the Meander, including Smyrna, should go to Greece. But Greece has not yet joined the Entente Powers, and if she does nothing to help them, she will have no claims in the event of an Entente victory.

There are two claimants already for the erection of small autonomous states, and the rights of each have strong advocates. The Armenians are expectant, for both Russia and England have unofficially hinted that they should be granted autonomy in the regions of Erzroum, Van and Bitlis, possibly extending so as to include Cilicia, or the territory of the ancient Lesser Armenia. If such an autonomous state should be created under the suzerainty of Russia, there would be extensive migration thither from various large Armenian colonies now found in other countries. And the half million of half-starved deported Armenian wretches now in the regions of Aleppo, Deir-el-Zor and Damascus would be glad enough to go back to their rejuvenated Halasdan.

The other scheme is for the restoration of Palestine to the Jews. If an autonomous Hebrew state, under French suzerainty, and with proper guarantees for the international protection and guardianship of the holy places at Jerusalem, should thus be established, there are at least 50,000 Jews in America who would return to the land of their dreams, to help their co-religionists from Russia, Roumania, Germany and Salonica to re-establish the racial home.

Sir Edwin Pears (Atlantic, July, 1915) has shown the serious menace to Russia, if she insists on possessing Constantinople, from the jealousies of the Balkan States; for Bulgaria and Greece both think they have claims to the city on the Bosphorus, while Roumania does not fancy having Russia on two sides of her, guarding the outlet of her only sea. Sir Edwin outlines in a few masterly strokes the better alternative in an internationaiized state, to include the shores of the Marmora and of both Dardanelles and Bosphorus, and governed by an international commission, somewhat on the lines of the Danube Commission that has for years worked successfully in relation to the navigation of that river. The essential condition in any settlement of the possession of Dardanelles and Bosphorus is that neither strait shall ever henceforth be fortified, but that they shall constitute forever an open highway for all nations.

2. THE COMMERCIAL FUTURE OF TURKEY For centuries Asia Minor was the granary of the Roman world, and its wheat is still of superior quality and sufficient in quantity for the whole Ottoman Empire. Over almost the whole of the great central plateau it is grown, and the irrigation works from Bey Shehir Lake, near Konia, are an indication of what may be done in the semi-arid regions. Much of Mesopotamia will also thus be reclaimed by irrigation works. The tobacco grown in large quantities in the regions of Samsoun and Kastemoni, in the Black Sea districts, has few equals and

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

no superior in quality. And Cilicia, especially the great Adana plain, is proving an excellent place for the cultivation of cotton, which seems destined to become one of the chief exports of the region. The figs and raisins of the Smyrna region are famous the world over, as are the dates of Damascus and Arabia. Among the less-known but valuable vegetable products of Asia Minor is licorice root, of which the American firm of MacAndrews and Forbes has practically the monopoly. Besides a very fine grade of opium is produced from the Anatolian poppy fields, this being the best in the world for the manufacture of morphine.

Turkey h~s been known as an agricultural and pastoral country, and has long been exporting hides, mohair and wool in large quantities, besides the agricultural products mentioned. But ,it is coming to be recognized that her greatest wealth, like that of China, is underground. Mining, once carried on extensively by the Greeks, has latterly become almost a lost art, owing to the lack of governmental enterprise. But vast deposits are known of copper, silver and coal, as well as considerable quantities of alum, chrome, boracite and other minerals. The meerschaum beds of Eski Shehir supply almost the entire amount of that mineral in the world. And the latest discovery-the oil wells of Mesopotamia-bids fair to prove the richest of all Turkey's commercial assets. Of course, all these mining interests depend for their development on modern machinery, modern methods and adequate means of transportation. Under the regis of any European power, and with a fair chance and decent protection to foreign enterprise, these industries ought to furnish employment for many thousands of the population.

Of manufactures, Turkey has had practically none, save in the line of rugs. This industry, as well as the making of embroideries and brass worj(, can be considerably developed; but the configuration of the country lends itself to still further manufacturing on a big scale. From the central plateau, which is from 2,000 to 6,000 feet high, there flow to the seas, north, west and south, numerous streams, all too swift for navigation, which offer unrivalled opportunities for the installation of electric and water-power plants. Why should not all the cotton, wool and mohair produced be converted on the spot into textile fabrics? Why not likewise with the hundreds and thousands of bales of silk that now go to France to be spun and woven? And with such wealth of useful metals, a variety of plants should spring into existence along the course of these great, swift streams.

The one thing that now stands in the way of such commercial expansion is the lack of highways and railroads. This, however, will be remedied when such companies as that backed some years ago by Rear-Admiral Chester, U. S. N., and his son are given a fair deal by a just government, unhampered by Russian and German "preferred rights." A complete network of railroads, supplemented by good wagon roads, will be a part of the Turkey of to-morrow.

3. THE EDUCATIONAL FUTURE OF TURKEY One great obstacle to the development of a system of public schools in the Ottoman Empire has been the language question. Turkish has been the official language, and the only one tolerated in Parliament; but the attempt to enforce its use in all the Moslem schools of the coun- try brought on the Albanian and Arab uprisings. Greek schools must be taught in the Greek language, Armenian schools in the Armenian, and Jewish schools in either German or Spanish, with a complete course in Hebrew. In American mission schools, the necessity of providing, in addition to the lessons in English, courses in Turkish, French, Ger- man, sometimes Arabic, and the vernacular of the pupils besides, over- loaded the language department of every curriculum. But it simply must be done; in such a mixed coun- try there is no avoiding it. And perhaps, if the territory is divided up, another language may be added to the list in place of eliminating any. Yet the problem of curriculum and languages is not the main diffi- culty. The great question is, how to provide for the increasing number who clamor for a good education.

Mission schools cannot turn out trained teachers fast enough to sup- ply the lower schools, nor have these institutions sufficient accommo- dations for the pupils who 'are eager to come. Last September, the rise in price of commodities made it necessary to raise the charges for board and tuition at Robert College A SPECIMEN OF TURKISH WRITING from $220 to $264; yet in spite of the stringent war conditions and the paralyzing of business, they actually had more in attendance than during the previous year. The year before the war, all American institutions were taxed to their utmost capacity.

There is a brilliant future in store for these schools. Constan- tinople College for Girls, the International College at Smyrna and Teachers' College at Sivas have all recently moved into ample new quar- ters; while Anatolia College at Marsovan, the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, and Robert College have put up fine new additional buildings.

Van College waits to be born, and there will be another new college probably at Mardin. All these institutions are looking for unprece- dented growth as soon as "the turmoil and the fighting dies."

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

With a statesmanlike grasp of the problems before them, the col- leges have begun a series of educational conferences, unfortunately suspended by the war, but which will be resumed as soon as circumstances make it possible. Questions of policy, of curriculum, of religious train- ing, of self-support and other topics are here considered, after prelim- inary investigation, and the results are conserved. How to strengthen the primary and lower secondary schools is one of their problems. Another is how to provide for vocational training in technical or post- graduate schools or otherwise. Such conferences will doubtless be ex- tended in their scope and variety and take in the corps of instruction in high schools as well as colleges. Summer schools for teachers of various sorts have been held and are widely appreciated.

But special attention must be given to providing adequate training for a very largely increased attendance at primary schools and kinder- gartens, especially among Turkish children. Turkish schools are pro- verbially far in the rear of others, and the kindergarten idea has only just begun to take root among them. From the start it has been enthusiastically welcomed, and a wide future is open for such as can take up this fascinating work. And the primary schools will be more crowded than ever when the children are brought in off the streets and put where they belong.

It is the conviction of the present writer that in the next few years the various peoples of Turkey will show an increasingly decided prefer- ence for the American educational system, and that there is therefore a brilliant future in prospect for our own institutions. If their boards of trustees are foresighted and farsighted they will begin without delay to make adequate provision for this, and set about increasing their facilities all along the line.

4. THE RELIGIOUS FUTURE OF TURKEY To provide an adequate background for the discussion of the . religious problem in Turkey it was necessary to give a somewhat dis- proportionate space to the political outlook. Anyone with the true mis- sionary spirit will, however, agree that the really vital question is, after all, religious. The future of those peoples depends not on their rela- tionship to this king or that, but on their allegiance to the King of kings.

Christ's messengers do not enter any country in the interests of any human government, but simply as ambassadors of the Divine Master. Whenever it has been otherwise, trouble has naturally arisen over the deception practised. The missionaries of the American Board in the Turkish Empire have for the past twenty years been a living illustration of the non-political nature of the enterprise, for they include both Ger- man and British subjects, as well as Americans; and they are working in closest connection with Dutch and Swiss representatives in the service of the Christ. This point cannot be too strongly emphasized.

The religious future of Turkey naturally grows out of its religious

present. Missionary work has been largely among Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and Jews, with a yearning outlook toward the Turks. The religious problem is indicated by the multiplicity of faiths prevalent and their mutual jealousies. Distinctions of language as well as of race complicate the problem. Even the Evangelical churches can hardly ·get together, for this is the land of Babel and there is no common tongue. The present fiery furnace will doubtless weld together those who feel the bonds of Christian love, but I fear it will fail to produce a common language for worship.

Looking at these various nationalities, we find that the war has affected all alike by sweeping the young men into the army and thus by the thousands to their death; it has impoverished all, through egregious war taxes and requisitioning, and has driven many thousands of all races to flee the country to avoid ruin. The established churches of every name are faced by depleted treasuries, but worse than that, by thinned membership rolls. Furthermore, when Turkey proclaimed the Holy War, or Jihad, she purposely sowed the seeds of hatred in the l10s1em heart against all Christians, although to safeguard her German allies she had to limit the operation of the Jihad in a most perplexing, non-l1oslem way. "This," says the simple logic of the Turk, "is a-Ia- Feranga Jihad," or holy war on the European plan. Still, there is an uncomfortable feeling in the breast of Greek and Syrian and American, as well as of Britisher, Italian, Russian and Armenian, that the Koran lies open at the passage, "Kill the unbelievers," and that the green banner has been unfurled.

RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR Vhat, then, about the future? How about the wreck of work for Armenians after the holocaust that has destroyed more than half a million of them, deported and impoverished more than half a million more, and forced another quarter million to flee the country? Can the churches ever be revived or the schools reopened? Yea, they SHALL. The Christian leaders of the country have not lost heart. Among the exiles, Armenian evangelical preachers are doing noble work. From Deir-el-Zor, from the deported ones, have come subscriptions for religious papers and requests for Christian literature. Missionaries have expressed the conviction that within five years the evangelical work among the Armenians will be more prosperous than ever before. If the Boxer massacres in China are a criterion, this may well be so. And certainly the relations of close friendship and grateful co-operation as between Gregorian Armenians, headed by their Patriarch, and the Protestant Armenians and the missionaries, are a hopeful indication. When many thousands have been faithful unto death, preferring a martyr's crown to a Moslem life, the people all see that faith and life are the essentials, rather than creeds and ceremonies. The ancient Armenian Church will come forth from this ordeal "tried as by fire."

16] THE TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

Most of the Christian work among Jews has for the past half century been carried on by English and Scotch missions. These were mostly stopped when Turkey declared war on England, but there is good reason to hope that they may all be reopened when peace returns. Meanwhile there is a new element in the Jewish situation. Ambassador Morgenthau both astonished and pleased his fellow-Hebrews when he openly and frequently praised in the highest terms the work of the missionaries. He took the part of the Christians as against Moslem persecution, and replied to the query of Turkish leaders as to why he did so, "It is true I am a Hebrew, but the United States is ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew, and I represent that country. Therefore in my official capacity I am ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew." Mr. Morgenthau represented not only the United States, but eight or nine other countries j andlisten-among these is Russia! It is probably the first time that Russian interests were ever entrusted by the Tsar's government to a Jew! Is there not, in this fact, a promise for the future of work for Jews, when a Hebrew in official position has said and done so much for Christians?

And how about the future of Christian work for Moslems in Turkey? Ah, there is the most brilliant golden lining to this cloud. For in the failure and downfall of this Turkish government, there will be removed the great barrier to free access by these poor benighted Turks to real Christianity. Already they had begun to show the attraction of the Gospel j already they composed a majority of the patients in Christian-distinctively Christian-hospitals j the number of Turkish and Moslem pupils in American mission schools and colleges was rapidly on the increase, and the sales of Bibles and portions to Moslems were phenomenal. Further, not a few came openly to Christian services j and missionaries (especially ladies) visiting Moslem villages and homes received an eager and hearty welcome, with often a special invitation to read the Gospel aloud to an interested group of listeners. Even during this Moslem Holy 'Var there have not been lacking Moslem young men who have inquired the way to salvation through Christ, and confessed their faith in Him as their Saviour. What a promise for the future! If all this can be true under the iron rule of a hostile Moslem fanaticism, who will place a limit to the possibilities of winning victories for Christ when this shall be taken out of the way!

The Turkey of to-morrow is indeed full of promise for God's kingdom. It is for this future that we have labored, with the oftrepeated prayer that the Lord would open the doors of brass. When these doors are throwh thus wide open, may the hosts of the Lord be ready to press in, with abundant supplies of the Bread of Life and the Water of Life for all these poor hungering and thirsting souls that have so long been imprisoned in the Castle of Giant Despair.

Denominational Administration of

What shall be done for Latin America and Alaska?

BY JOSEPH ERNEST M' AFEE, NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions T HE denominational system of missionary work is the product of a competitive age. That age has passed, or is passing. Already narrow sectarianism is universally condemned. Noone wishes to have "sectary" and "sect" applied to him .and his religious com- munion, however much the sectarian spirit may actually prevail. A sec- tary is one who creates or maintains division in the Church on doctrinal grounds. Sectaries are much less numerous than formerly; the denominational system is now generally justified by other considerations.

As the defense now runs, a denomination is a utility. The enter- prise to which the Church is committed is served by the denominational system more efficiently than it would be by its abolition. The denominational system is firmly established; to abolish it would be to ~ommit revolution and precipitate its many attendant evils, if not disaster. Furthermore, the denominational system is ideally worthy. If the ground were clean to-day and an ideal system were to be builded, it would doubtless best take a somewhat different form from that prevailing, yet, on the whole, the denominational system is scientifically sound. It recognizes and embodies the principle of the division of labor in the conduct of a great and complicated task. The army of the Lord requires company, regimental and brigade organization; the evangelical bodies correspond to these divisions, and are essential to the success of the campaign the Church is conducting.

This militaristic figure of speech is likely henceforth not to be so popular as it was, but while it is still in use one may fairly raise question as to how satisfactory a general, who is accustomed to win battles, would find the sort of army organization which the denominational system has supplied down to date. As a matter of fact, denominational divisions are based upon considerations which would drive the efficient militarist to despair. Militaristic analogies in defense of the Church are even more unhappy on scientific than on sentimental grounds.

The denominational system is a utility. It is to be valued according as it makes good. The enterprise of the Church, and especially its missionary enterprise, is a business. Not a sordid business, not a commercial proposition, not in any sense a selfish grab. But to succeed it must be made a business, and an efficiently conducted business. Is the denominational system serving these purposes, or is it capable of efficiently serving them? .

FINANCIAL AND SPIRITUAL WASTEFULNESS Complaints of the economic wastefulness of duplicating and com- peting denominational agencies are common enough. But the other- worldliness of the Church is often thought successfully to counter upon these. Money, and the saving of expense, are not final considerations of a worthy church. Is the course right? What will best conserve spir- itual values? These are far more important questions with the Church than: What will cost the least money?

Let financial considerations remain secondary, therefore, or ter- tiary, or let them not enter at all. Yet is the missionary enterprise a great business which sets out to achieve certain ends and must employ means reasonably designed to accomplish them? The spiritual blight of the denominational system is now clearly its most serious embarrass- ment. To an otherworldly church the wasteful use of the coin of the earthly realm might be reckoned of slight consequence, but spiritual values must be reckoned. The misdirection of vital and spiritual energies is the most disconcerting result of the administrative methods which the denominations force the missionary enterprise to maintain.

All applaud the desire of evangelical Christians in China to come together in a genuine spiritual fellowship. The American mission boards doing work in China encourage the movement, and their supporting constituencies in America increase their contributions to show their favor. But how substantially can words be supported by deeds so long as the administrative system requires pouring into China missionaries appointed by twenty different agencies, trained under twenty different systems, selected under the tests of twenty different sets of ideals for missionary service? To be sure, in these latter days, these boards, at least certain representatives of them, assemble occasionally to talk over common concerns and reach more or less binding gentlemen's agreements by way of standardizing their administration. But how serious, magnified to its largest significance, must be esteemed such procedure in the face of the stupendous spiritual responsibility which has been deliberately assumed by the American churches in China? Representatives of these several boards come together once a year, oftener in the case of subcommittees, and deliberate upon their problems in a purely advisory capacity. Then each representative returns to his board headquarters to run the gauntlet of the ignorance and indifference of the fifteen or forty or one hundred persons who constitute his board, and to carry through against this inert weight the simple measures of efficient standardization which he and his colleagues in conference have wrought out. One or two or half a dozen fail and the whole fabric sags or falls in collapse. And this makes no reckoning of the more appalling ignorance and indifference of the officiary of the ecclesiastical bodies which finally control the boards.

In brief, the spiritual interests of China and of Japan and of India

are not the prime consideration in the present system of missionary administration. Not even, in the final analysis, are the spiritual interests of the supporting sections of America consulted. But the determining influences are the convictions or foibles, as the case might have been, of the Roundheads of Cromwell's regime, of the Anabaptists in England and on the European continent ten generations ago, of the fervid religious contagion generated in England by the Wesleys, long dead and gone, of the provincial Scottish clans of no-one-reckons-how-many-generations-past. For, all of our principal denominations gained their caste from a European inheritance, and in fabricating none of them has the sole or determining consideration been the spiritual interests of the American people on American soil. The present denominational system is holding back and doing mischief to the home missionary enterprise even more signally than it embarrasses the foreign.

DENOMINATIONALISM AND EFFICIENCY The denominational system seems ·inevitably and permanently to condemn the missionary enterprise to relatively ill-trained and inefficient workers on the field. The highest standards of efficiency cannot be attained, no matter how conscientiously the present system is tinkered. About the council table of a denominational board this is what transpires: A letter is produced from Candidate A's physician to the effect that A must not undertake to live in the climate of equatorial Africa. This disarranges the schedule agreed upon. Some one suggests that Mr. A might properly be sent to Korea. But Mr. B is assigned to that field. Well, send Mr. B to Persia, where somebody must go. But what shall be done with Mr. C, who is designed for that field? There is that opening in China, where some one simply must go. But Mr. D was to go there. Why not send Mr..D to the opening in Africa? That's it! N ow the problem is solved-and everyone is greatly relieved. This is not pure fancy; it is substantial fact. Such shuffling of candidates is not uncommon, and, so long as twenty boards are conducting missions in twenty countries, and the missions of a given country are supported and directed by twenty separate boards, it is difficult to see how that system can be redeemed from its essential comedies and tragedies.

Two or three generations of young people have been encouraged to train themselves for missionary service under the pledge that they will go anywhere and do anything as the providence of God shall direct. This providence of God almost inevitably expresses itself through the decisions of a denominational mission board. The exigencies of its administration compel waiting almost to the last moment to determine to which country, and often to what phase of work, the candidate shall be assigned. Of course, only medically trained workers can be assigned to medical stations. Of late years special pedagogical training is insisted upon for certain positions, but not every educational post is manned by a trained educator, even now. The candidates are not blame-

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 92

worthy. They are trained and enlisted under this system. It is a mark of peculiar devotion to the cause that the candidate is willing to go anywhere in the world and do anything to which he is assigned. The demands of his position tend to give the candidate-secretary of a mission board a prejudice against the applicant who insists that his field shall be such and such a country and his task be assigned in such and such a department of the service. The candidate..secretary has a very difficult task making an unclassified group of candidates go around among mission stations in ten or twenty different countries. It simplifies his game if all the men on his chess board are pawns or can be made to play the part-rather, can be made to adjust themselves to the sudden moves of pawns, knights, bishops, castles, kings and queens without discrimination.

REGIONAL MISSION BOARDS What does the American mission in China need? Manifestly a China Board in America, or an Asia Board with a China department, through which the evangelical missionary work supported by American churches shall be cleared. Not an indifferently attended China committee, representing numerous denominational boards independently conducting China missions. All over the mission field the administration should be organized and conducted in a manner to put the interests of the country served first, and compel the settling of all other questions in the light of this primary consideration. It is a grave injustice to the young people of our American churches to compel or even to encourage them to wait until they are about to sail for their fields of service before it is determined what country and what branch of the work shall claim them.· Of course such workers must fall far below normal standards of efficiency. The choice ought to be made before the training is taken. To say the least, there is as much cultural value in the study of a language which one proposes to use in after life as in one which he will never have occasion to use. College and university courses designed for missionaries could be made, in language study and in a score of other ways, to contribute practically to the efficiency of the missionary candidate. Great regional boards here in America could afford to standardize training for their several mission fields, and maintain the equipment which would guarantee a force of workers whose training had qualified them under high standards. Such a program is impossible under a system which locates final administrative authority in a score of separate denominational boards whose very genius estops them from getting together effectively, however eager to do so the distraught officers of such boards may be.

This review of familiar facts is not intended as a general nor an exhaustive discussion of the problem of missionary administration. Scarcely any reference has been made to the even more serious hampering of administrative efficiency in conducting home mssion work. Events

are demonstrating quite as clearly that in home missions national boards covering distinct national tasks must soon take the place of the denominational boards, just as it is demonstrated that regional boards must supersede the denominational boards in the foreign mission. That discussion is a larger task and demands far more space than there is here.

A LATIN-AMERICAN BOARD Two great regions are calling with a new insistence for real statesmanship in the organization and conduct of American missionary work. They are Latin America and Alaska. Now is the time to face the issue here raised. How futile wiU be a program for Latin America which must depend upon picked-up advisory committees to formulate, and rally forty different denominational boards to support, a comprehensive policy in Christian education, a similar policy in the creation and distribution of Spanish and Portuguese evangelical literature, a distribution of the common forces over the whole region so as to economize and render efficient in the highest degree each element and the whole I The task is sufficiently great and complicated under a unified administration of the available resources, but how impossible is success and how inept must be the attempt so long as the present denominational confusion continues, anyone who has even slightly studied the problem must see. Under the present system more can be done than is now done; present methods can be tinkered and relieved of certain of their worst shortcomings. But as for a statesmanlike projection of a program to compass the whole task-who can hope for it under the present system?

What is to hinder the denominational boards themselves initiating a central board of missions for Latin America, supported for the next three or five years by the combined budgets of the denominational boards now conducting work in Latin America, their resources merged into one fund and administered with plenary administrative power by the central board? After a short period of years this board could find its place in the missionary economy and an immediate nexus between it and the contributing constituency could be established. Does anyone doubt that such a move would be approved and heartily supported by the contributing constituency as a whole? Immense resources not now touched and which never will be touched under the present system could be speedily developed. Does anyone doubt that the workers on the field and the workers to be enlisted would welcome such an organization of the enterprise? Try them, and see. They care a deal less for denominational distinctions than do their supporting agencies, and, where there has been the opportunity to cultivate it, a deeper fellowship has often been developed between workers of different denominational groups than prevails between those workers and others in their own group. A few of the present workers, who, for reasons usually not discreditable to them, are unfit for their mission, might need to be discontinued, but the value of the proposed system would commend itself by the very [act

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 93

that it would thus reveal an unfitness in some workers of which the pres- ent system takes no cognizance. . But how far is such a tendency to be carried? Are we soon to have a new board of missions for every country on the globe where the Amer- ican churches are supporting missionary work? Even if that were the issue, it is a question whether it would not be a more rational and on the whole a more efficient program than that under which missions are now conducted. But such would not be the result. A board of missions for Latin America would embrace a large enough territory and a suffi- ciently diversified group of activities to justify separate organization, however the missions in other sections of the world might be grouped. It would necessarily embrace several more or less distinct departments, but all would be related to one another and a unified and consistent pol- icy would run through the work of all. Another American Board of Asia Missions and still another of Africa Missions would be rational and feasible, each with departmental organization. Nor would there be too many in the field if other regions were placed under the supervision of smaller boards organically related or unrelated to the larger. Extend such divisions to the utmost which the party least inclined to centralization might insist upon, and an order would still prevail which would make the present denominational system look like the chaos which it really is.

How, then, would the churches discriminate in their giving? Now they give lump sums to "the Lord" or "tp.e cause" or "missions." How would they decide which board to send their money to? A more wholesome event could scarcely happen than to compel all the churches to know why and for what they contribute their gifts. Giving money "to the Lord" and sending it carelessly to a denominational board is not the sort of piety which will best propagate Christianity. Denominational "loyalty" is now buttressing much inefficiency in the use of missionary funds. Missionary administration should be put upon its merits, and no consideration should outweigh the appeal of a need actually being met. One of the most serious indictments against denominational administration is that it breeds or at least permits unintelligent giving. Furthermore, giving to "the cause" or to "missions" usually expresses itself in nickels and dimes. Large giving is even now generally for a purpose, and the larger the giving the more definite the purpose, as a rule.

Where would such a movement eventually land the denominational mission boards? Their usefulness ended, they would naturally disappear or their functions would be so altered as radically to transform them. Is that fact to be permitted to weigh finally either with the boards themselves or with their contributing churches? If the Fulfiller shall increase and complete His mission, shall not the Forerunner count it a worthy mission to decrease? Above all, could the propagation of the gospel of Jesus Christ be worthily undertaken in any other spirit?

Those who base their denominational allegiance upon sectarian,

that is, upon doctrinal considerations, will stand aghast before such a program. Are the churches thus to play fast and loose with the everlasting truths bequeathed to them from the generations past, and which it is their primary object of existence to perpetuate in their purity? Shall my denomination commit to an unregulated central agency the propagation of that body of truth which my own communion finds sufficiently difficult in preserving free from heresy with all of its zeal against error? This attitude is, of course, final. It unqualifiedly disallows any such proposal as is made here. The hope of carrying out the proposed plan lies in the fact that sectaries grow fewer and fewer every year, and their influence less and less dominates the missionary policy of the churches.

ALASKA'S CLAMANT APPEAL The final appeal is for Alaska. If the way seems open for the application of this new principle of administration in Latin America, the appeal for Alaska is clamant. A situation more favorable could hardly have been devised under design. A new country; to be rapidly opened to settlement; the religious field fallow; the ground now occupied by only a few of the denominations; some of them not as yet represented at all; a great rush of commercial, industrial and general social development impending. To say that the hardy people who are already settled in Alaska, or who will settle there, desire the perpetuation of the denominational system of the States is to libel them out of hand. Now that experience in so many fields has opened the eyes of the churches. what possible excuse can there be for importing the ecclesiastical confusion which blights the spiritual life of so many communities east and west? If the denominational boards commit such a folly, or if the contributing churches permit their resources to be so employed, how shall American evangelical Christianity hold up its head before God or man? Such a folly is inevitable, or is at least certain, if something is not speedily done to supplant the present system of propaganda in Alaska under separate denominational boards. Sentiments of good-fellowship and protests of unwillingness to encroach upon the rights and responsibilities of sister religious bodies may be bandied back and forth never so zealously, the old program of duplication and confusion will continue in operation so long as the religious propaganda is left to separate denominational agencies.

The other day, in a mushroom town of Alaska, a Disciples and a Presbyterian minister met unexpectedly. Each was prospecting in the interests of his denomination. Neither had ever seen or heard of the other. Being sensible men, and having already caught something of the spirit of Alaska, they promptly pooled their interests, jointly purchased a lot under favorable conditions then offered in the new town, and signed an agreement that the property should become the possession of that denomination which it should later appear had the better

WE SEND TOO MANY MISSIONARIES?

right to the field. What sensible fellows! And what a blundering system supports them! They declined to commit a folly which the program of their mission boards deliberately put them up to. Why had not their boards forestalled the waste and embarrassment of such a situation? The denominational boards, perpetuated as denominational agencies, will never eliminate such follies from their system. They cannot do so. Conscientious representatives will do their utmost to reduce them to the minimum, but the worst-and the best-of them are inherent in the system, and are compelled by the very genius of the denominational program in missionary propaganda.

There is much capital made of the reduction of waste and overlapping in missionary work in these latter days. The story is prompted far more by the yearning desire of missionary administrators to see it done than by substantial achievements. The achievements desired by the contributors to missions, and by the multitude who could be induced to contribute far more largely than now under a different system, can never be guaranteed by the present order. It is inherently defective. It fails to put the interests of the field first. It is builded to import to distant parts forms rather than the realities of Christian truth. In this sense the system is self-centered, and seeks for selfish ends to propagate the gospel of self-sacrifice. In the whole range of Christian missions this system must eventually be displaced, but in the meantime here are Latin America and Alaska. They are immediate, and their needs call aloud right now. The Church may perhaps muddle along elsewhere for a considerable time to come, but here are two great tasks where practical measures are at once imperative.

Do We Send Too Many Missionaries?

A CONSIDERATION OF THE DE!VIAND AND SUPPLY IN FOREIGN MISSIONS BY REV. J. C. ROBBINS, BOSTON, MASS.

Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society T HERE are less than 25,000 Protestant foreign missionaries in the world, counting every man and woman engaged in any depart- ment of the work. This at first may seem a large number, but upon a careful survey of the extent of the field, and of the work yet to be done, we recognize the inadequacy of this force to occupy the field and to evangelize the non-Christian world. Compare this force of 25,000 Christian men and women in foreign mission service with the 25,000,000 men in the armies of Europe, and we must acknowledge that the Christian Church has not yet taken seriously the work of world evangelization.

The United States and Canada are represented by a force of 10,000 men and women missionaries, who are preaching, teaching and healing in foreign lands. But compare with this the army of a quarter of a million men that Canada raised and equipped in a few months for ser- vice in Europe.

In 190 I the United States Government sent to the eight million peo- ple of the Philippine Islands 800 American teachers, 400 of whom sailed on one ship. Last year the Protestant churches of the United States and Canada sent only 668 missionaries to carry the Christian message of light and love to all the ten hundred million people of the non- Christian world.

The demand for more missionaries is unprecedented in urgency, and the appeals from the .missionaries themselves now on the fields for reenforcements is insistent. In 19 13 a committee, appointed by the Federated Missions in Japan and the federation of churches to survey the field, reported that "there will be required in the near future 474 added missionaries in order adequately to occupy evangelistic fields in Japan. This means a little more than double the present evangelistic force, and will provide approximately one such missionary to 60,000 of the population." In response to this carefully prepared and con- servative appeal from the Japan missionaries, there have been sent to Japan in the two years, 19 14 and 19 I 5, only fifty-five new missionaries.

The missionaries actually on the foreign field, representing twenty of the larger boards of the United States and Canada, after a careful survey of their own fields, have called for an immediate reenforcement of 1,223 missionaries. These same boards sent to the field this year only 315 men and women to meet this call!

In China, with over 400,000,000 population, there are 262 foreign men physicians, 79 foreign women physicians, and I 15 trained Chinese physicians. In the city of Boston, with its 700,000 population, there are 2,000 registered physicians. In other words, in Boston there is one physician to every 350 of the population, while in China there is only one scientifically trained physici.an to 877,000 people.

In the light of these comparisons, and in view of the added respon- sibility placed upon American Christians by the present European war, it is very clear that if a knowledge of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, is to be made kno~n to the non-Christian peoples, who include more than one-half the population of the world, the Christian churches of North America, and especially of the United States, must grapple in a much larger way with the foreign missionary task. The situation calls for larger and more comprehensive plans, more generous gifts of money, .and a greatly increased offering of men and women from our colleges, theological seminaries and medical schools. The unparalleled sacrifice now being made in Europe and Canada, the sufferings and need of the world, call upon American Christians to enter at this time more largely into the sacrificial life of our Lord.

Proportionate Giving*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK THE progress made in the last ten or of giving has doubled or quadrupled as fifteen years in the acceptance of compared with what it was ten or fif- teen years ago. What is given reprebetter methods of giving throughout the sents a smaller proportion of what could Christian Church has been a progress far be given now than it represented ten or. in excess of the hopes of many of those fifteen or forty or seventy-five years who have been most active in this cam- ago. Still further is the possibility of paign. About sixty per cent of all danger latent in the very hopefulness of Presbyterian churches of twenty-five our present situation. We may satisfy members or over have already adopted the churches with the adoption of a in some form the new and better plan of partial program and their satisfaction giving. may make them unwilling to adopt the other elements of the program. After It is a further ground of encourage- all, systematic giving is only methodical ment that there has been such a great giving. It does not follow that it is advance in the amount of giving as an righteous giving-adequate giving. We inevitable result of this wider adoption might lead ourselves into an injurious situation if all that we are accomplishof good plans. The gifts of the churches ing now should make habitual with the in their church offerings as well as Church an inadequate performance of through every other channel of benevo- her duty. It seems to me that the lence have advanced immensely in the Church stands face to face with a very last fifteen years, and while in this, as in dangerous situation in this regard, and every such movement, many causes enter that we are bound to take it upon us in, it cannot be denied that the work now to re-examine here our undertaking that is being done in this particular di- and to see whether we are actually leadrection has contributed perhaps as large- ing the churches to adopt those elements ly as any other cause to this increa..~e. of a program which are the most vital and fundamental ones. And now is the Further occasions of thanksgiving and time for us to do this because it is a gratitude might easily be added to these, fact that the introduction of one new but there are some things that need to radical idea makes it easier to introduce be set down on the other side of the also other ideas, when the mind of the account, and which as honest and sin- Church is jarred open and she begins cere men we are anxious to deal with. to adopt plans of action that come closer to the ideal. For one thing, the increase of gifts has been woefully inadequate, and, The question that has troubled a measured against the possibilities and great many men throughout the Church opportunities of to-day, it is a question with regard to our present movement is, whether we are in a much better posi- how we can combine with the general tion than ten or fifteen years ago. The acceptance of the method of systematic advance that has been made has been giving the acceptance also of a living utterly inadequate. Secondly, it is not principle of proportionate giving. For, only open to question, probably it is in- after all, system is only a matter of disputable, that the increased giving has method, not essentially a matter of prinnot kept pace with our increased ability ciple. What we wish to introduce is to give. Doubtless with many here in some living and uplifting principle. We this room to-day there has been no increased ability to give, but when we look at the Church as a whole and at the country as a whole, the possibility * This paper is published by special request. It is a stenographic report of an address de- livered at the Presbyterian Church Officers' Conference, Princeton, N.]., September 25, 1916.

believe that this can only be found in gest just a few of these practical moral the acceptance of the Christian principle considerations on which it rests. of stewardship; of giving not only on a methodical basis but on a basis of just First of all, the Gospel ought to lead proportion. But in this, as in every- and enable men to do more than pagans thing, general principles do not suffi- and Jews. The Jew in the old disciently bite. The principle needs to pensation was expected to bring his carry with itself some form of applica- tithe in addition to his taxes and his tion by which it can be easily related various offerings. The generosity of at cnce to action on the part of common many pagans equals the old Jewish Christian men and women. standards. We do not need. to enter into the motives that led them to give. Let us lay aside at the outset all legal The mere fact is that many of the nonideas. There is no such thing as the Christian people like the Jews have law of the tithe. There is a principle given much more than tithes. Now our of the tithe. Let us dismiss from our Lord said unequivocally that principles minds once and for all every legalistic were to be judged by their results; that and statutory idea in the kingdom of modes and motives of action cannot God. The wrong of committing mur- claim the allegiance of man because of der does not consist in the fact that the any beauty of their expression. By their ten commandments forbid it. The ten fruits they were to be tested. Unless commandments forbid it because it is the motives of the Gospel are able to wrong. Right and wrong lie on funda- lead men to give more generously than mental foundations beneath statutes. the Jews and pagans gave, then the mo- They are right and wrong not because tives of the Gospel must be inferior to God says so, but because of God's char- Judaism and paganism. acter. This matter of tithe giving we are not to think of as a symbol of legal Secondly, the Jew and the pagan Judaism. Its claim upon us rests upon faced no less difficulties in the way of moral considerations that would have practicing a principle like this than we made tithe giving the duty of man even face. We face no greater difficulties if the Jewish law had not been enacted. than they faced. As a matter of fact Revelation does not create moral ideas; they did face greater difficulties than we. it only expresses moral ideals that lie in The Jew was a poor man and lived in the will of God. If the principle of a poor land. He had no such currency the tithe is to be operative in the present passing through his hands as passes day accordingly it must be operative be- through ours. He gave of his orchards cause of the broad moral considerations and fields or he set aside one-tenth of that underlie it, which, as a matter of his soil that its produce might be refact, made the principle of tithe giving garded as' not his own but God's. If operative long before it was ever ex- these men then and these men now out pressed in any of the legal enactments in those darkened lands will override of the Old Testament legislation. We this difficulty and, in spite of poverty read in the Epistle to the Hebrews that and limitation, will do this, it is not the principle was held to have existed asking or expecting too much that Chrisin life long before the legislation came tian men should do so. The charges into being. Just so the observance of that are laid upon us to be borne are the Sabbath Day does not rest for us trivial compared with the charges laid upon the fourth commandment; it upon the Jews in the olden day. would be just as valid and real to us to-day if we had never had any deca- Thirdly, we need some practical abidlogue at all. The life principle and ing principle like this to make sure that privilege of the tithe is a working scheme the principle of stewardship is a reality of proportionate giving by which we in our lives and that we do not inwardly can make the principle of stewardship find ourselves swept into self-deception. actual and living. I should like to sug- It is the easiest thing in the world for a man who does not deal with God in the matter of obligation as he does with

16] PROPORTIONATE GIVING

his fellows to find that he has not been how perilous it is, how constantly giving God his due. I will just ask through the New Testament the warnany man who is here in this room this ings are given. As Ruskin says in morning who has adopted the minimum "Time and Tide": principle of the tithe if he did not discover that in the old days he was out- "First, have you observed that all rageously robbing God. Just exactly as Christ's main teachings by direct order, we need the Sabbath for some such pur- by earnest parable, and by His own perpose as this to make sure of the recog- manent emotion, regard the use and nition of all time as sacred to the Lord misuse of money? We might have of Life, just so do we need the recog- thought, if we had been asked what a nition of our tithe obligation to God in divine teacher was most likely to teach, the matter of our wealth. that He would have left inferior per- sons to give directions about money; and In the fourth place, God never would Himself spoken only concerning faith and love, and the discipline of the pashave ordered it if it had heen a mere sions, and the guilt of the crimes of soul against soul. But not so. He transitory matter; if it had not been for speaks in general terms of these. But our good. He does not need tithes for He does not speak parables about them himself. All ten tenths of our wealth for all men's memory, nor permit Him- He can take away if He pleases. The self fierce indignation against them, in principle of tithe giving is needed by all men's sight. The Pharisees bring man. He made it clear not as some- Him an adultress. He writes her forthing for that time only, but as some- giveness on the dust of which He had thing for all time. M,an's moral con- formed her. Another despised of all for stitution has not altered. The fact that known sin, He recognized as a giver of it was good for man three thousand unknown love. But He acknowledges years ago is an evidence that it is good no love in buyers and sellers in His for man still. Our moral nature is the house. One should have thought there same across the lands and, across the were people in that house twenty times centuries, and the old principle was not worse than they; Caiaphas and his like a principle that belonged to a particular -false priests, false prayer-makers, false epoch; it was a principle that lay deep leaders of the people-who needed putin human nature. That is why Mr. ting to silence, or to flight, with darkest Ruskin speaks as he does in the "Seven wrath. But the scourge is only against Lamps of Architecture": traffickers and thieves. The two most intense of all the parables; the two "And let us not now lose sight of which lead the rest in love and in terror this broad and unabrogated principle- (this of the Prodigal, and of Dives) I might say incapable of being abrogated relate, both of them, to the management so long as men shall receive earthly gifts of riches. The practical order given to from God. Of all that they have His the only seeker of advice, of whom it is tithe must be rendered to Him, or in so recorded that Christ 'loved him,' is far and in so much He is forgotten; of briefly about his property. 'Sell that the skill and of the treasure, of the strength and of the mind, of the time thou hast.' " and of the toil offering must be made So it was throughout all our Lord's reverently; and if there be any difference between the Levitical and the teaching. He realized that some of the Christian offering, it is that the latter sources of deepest peril to man in one may be just so much the wider in its sense lay in money, In order to escape range as it is typical in its meaning, as that peril, we need the protecting grasp it is thankful instead of sacrificial." of some great and secure principle. Who does not know how serious this Fifthly, money is the most perilous need is ? We can think of friend after thing with which we have to cope, next friend who in these last years has had to the baser, sensual nature. It is one wealth piled in upon him, and we have of the most dangerous forces with which we have to deal. Money-we all know

seen the spiritual atrophy, unless he that instinct did not account for the clung to some simple principle of action change of the Lord's Day from the like this to hold him secure. seventh to the first day of the week. We are often hard put to give our In the sixth place, vur Lvrd himself Scriptural grounds for the change. If recognized and approved the validity of you rest it on any legalistic grounds, the the principle of the tithe. He said to Old Testament principle is clear-the the Scribes and Pharisees : "You give seventh day. Why did the Christians tithes, and this you ought to have done." swing around to the first? First, the So many times now do we say that the memories of the resurrection; second, Old Testament laws are abrogated in there was the feeling, "Perhaps I may Christ. The types and shadows were not have the seventh day this week. I fulfilled and terminated in Christ, but will make sure that God has His day bethe moral law was not terminated in fore anybody else. The first I will give Christ. N one of these moral ideals did to Him." And through the years the Christ abrogate. He reinforced and Christian conscience has insisted that it sanctioned everyone of them, and poured must be so. The same instinct will upon each one of them the burden of a govern our hearts, if we allow it, in greater obligation. He explicitly en- regard to our wealth, which is only time dorsed the tithe. "You give tithes, and and strength embodied in a transportthis you ought to have done." able asset.

Seventhly, there is no objection that Ninth, it is only so that the causes holds against the principle of the tithe of Christ in the world will get what that does not hold also against the prin- they need. They never will get it by ciple of the Sabbath day. Both rest on any mere system, never by any hapthe same ground of Old Testament hazard method, by allowing every man sanction, New Testament recognition, to whittle out his own principle; it will moral claim and adaptation. And, if only be when the whole Church genthe Sabbath had fallen into neglect as erously yields itself to some corporate the tithe has done, the same arguments principle that bears a definite relation would be raised against its revival which to all its life. The general adoption of are raised against the tithe. And the the principle of the tithe throughout the gains of Sabbath keeping are the gains Church would pour into all the treasof tithe giving, too. I leave it to every uries of the agencies of the Church and one of you if the scrupulous recogni tion the great philanthropies and movements of the Sabbath Day does not pour a of charity and good will all that they holiness over a man's conception of would need for the work that must be trusteeship in regard to all his time. . • . done, and we shall not be likely to ac- Every argument for keeping the Sabbath complish it in any but this simple, fun- Day holy upholds the principle of the damental ethical way. tithe. Tenth. I think every man will find, Eighth, it is the only sure way of as every man who has passed through giving God his right share. If we say the experience can testify, that the acwith regard to every other obligation, ceptance of a principle like this marks "Now I will scrupulously regard that a distinct era of spiritual enlargement what I owe to every other creditor I in his life. It carries him forward and will certainly pay," and then take the leads him out into a wider expanse. view that for the Lord of All we will The whole thought of God's love and pick up the crumbs that are left at the presence and human duty becomes more end, the chance is that He will get less vivid. I am not speaking here out of than His right in what we have to give the air. I am speaking out of the exand spend. The only sure way of se- perience of many in this room who look curing to the uses of God in the exten- back to such a time as marking the besion of His kingdom what it needs is to ginning of a new era in their lives. set aside carefully for Him the first tenth. I wonder sometimes whether In the eleventh place, it rna}' bring

PROPORTIONATE GIVING

the great religious expansion and awak- have a right to take all the money that ening for which we long. comes to me and before I do anything whatever with any of it to set aside a "Bring ye the whole tithe into the tenth for the Lord. What a joy that storehouse, that there may be food in brings into life, that we may simply act My house, and prove Me now herewith, as banker for God with reference to saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not this, to spend for His work. Mr. open you the windows of heaven, and Gladstone wrote of this to.a son who pour you out a blessing, that there shall was then in residence at Oxford U ni- not be room enough to receive it." versity, in which he suggested eight rules, the observance of which would be I suppose we have many times stum- conducive to the highest interests of his bled at Horace Bushnell's word on this son's life, literary and moral and spir- subject and wondered whether for once itual. Among the suggestions was the one of the greatest spiritual voices of his following on the use of money: time had not missed the true note when he said: "One more revival, only one "In regard to money-there is a mor.e is needed, the revival of Christian great advantage in its methodical use. stewardship, the consecration of the Especially is it wise to dedicate a cermoney power to God. When that re- tain portion of our means to purposes of vival comes, the Kingdom of God will charity and religion, and this is more come in a day." But may this not be easily begun in youth than in after life. true? Mr. Gladstone even went so far The greatest advantage of making a as to say: "I believe that the diffusion little fund of this kind is that when we of the principle and practice of system- are asked to give, competition is not beatic beneficence will prove the moral tween self on the one hand and any specific of our age." charity on the other, but between the different purposes of religion and char- Lastly, I believe in this principle be- ity with one another, among which we cause, regardless of anything that will ought to make the most careful choice. flow from it, it is fundamentally right. It is desirable that the tenth of our I t does not matter what effect it may means be dedicated to God, and it tends have on our lives, whether it pinches or to bring a blessing on the rest. No one cramps. We believe in it because we can tell the richness of the blessings that think it is right. I liked a letter that come to those who thus honor the Lord appeared in the Sunday School Times with their substance." a few years ago. A number of letters had been published telling of the pros- This practice delivers one from the perity which had followed the adoption worry of debating every separate appeal of tithe-giving. One man wrote that that comes, and it makes him a free and he had an utterly contrary experience glad trustee. from the rest, and told a long story of the struggle that he had undergone, I can remember still the very hour growing harder and harder ever since he that all this first pressed on me i~ I892 had adopted that principle. Shortly in the old First Church at Auburn. after there was a letter from Canada Horace Pitkin, who was then a student which said that what the last man in the theological seminary, who later wrote, who had done it because it was died as one of the martyrs in the Boxer right in spite of the hardship it brought, tempest in China, read a paper on prohad touched the writer as no experience portionate giving and the principle of of prosperity had done and he also had the tithe. I never had seen this truth begun what clearly seemed to him now until that morning, and it burst on me the thing to. do because and only because as dear as sunlight that this was the it was right. right, the privilege and the duty of Let me lay the emphasis lastly on the Christians. And if only the Christian rich privilege of being justified in giv- Church would come to it, my friends, ing at least a tenth of our income. I what could we not do?

American Board at

T HE one hundred and seventh annual meeting of the Americar. Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was one of the most inspiring that body has ever held. Among those present were the officers, one hundred corporate members and nearly seventy-five missionaries, active or retired, who represented all fields of the Board's work except Ceylon, Bohemia, the Philippines and Spain.

A high note was struck at the very first session in the inspiring an- nual reports of the treasurer and the Home Secretary. The total receipts were the largest in the history of the Board, $1,207,226, showing an increase in gifts from both churches and individuals, women's societies and legacies. Yet it was pointedly stated that, even so, the average gift per member of the Congregational churches was only $ I .08, and should be greatly increased.

Two outstanding features marked the Toledo meeting. One was the unusual prominence naturally given to the situation in Turkey. Nearly forty missionaries from that country were present, and eleven of these spoke from the platform.

The other feature of the meeting was the call that came for the Board to enter South America. The Committee on Co-operation in Latin America of the Panama Congress has officially invited the American Board to join the agencies already in the field of South America. Several possible fields for work, all now utterly neglected, were outlined. After a full discussion, a committee of five was appointed to make further investigation and present definite recommendations to the next meeting of the Board looking toward this new move. It is understood that the question is largely one of the best use of the funds at the Board's disposal.

The officers of the Board were all re-elected. The new recording secretaries, Dr. Oscar E. Maurer and Dr. Edward W. Capen, were in service at this meeting for the first time. From time to time the American Board Quartet deepened the spiritual tone of the sessions with helpful songs.

The next meeting of the American Board is to be held in Los Angeles, California, in connection with the meeting of the Congregational National Council, in June, 19 17.

"Being armed is a condition of evil, if a nation has no character."- President Edward C. AIoore) D.D.

"To say that China is waking up does not begin to express it: she is pacing the floor with growing-pains."-Rev. YJ7. B. Stelle.

"I have a lot of leaning toward robbers; they do things, and are not afraid. The Indian Government asks the American Board to take over the robber caste-7S,000 of them. I'd rather have them than 500,000 of some other castes."-Secretary Barton.

"All the world is ripening for a new gospel in terms of spiritualized economics."-Dean Edward I. Bosworth.

THOUGHTS

MXS SliONAlRY ADDRESSES PREPARED BY REV. FRANCIS PALMER, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY Four Outlines for lUidweek Services. Third Week.

First Week "AMERICA'S POSITION IN THE WORLD "THE WORLD CALL" CONQUEST"

I. Conditions Favo;-able to the Spread I. Strategic Location. of Christianity. 2. Qualities of Character Needed.

An Accessible World-A Plastic Mechanical Genius – PubLic World-A Changing World. SchooL-Home Missionary.

2. Multiplying Agencies of the King- Home of World Movements. dom. 3. Resources.

Missionary Societies – National Mineral Resources-WeaLth-Ag- and Local. riculturaL Products.

The Missionary Army-Preach- 4. Vision and Spiritual Enterprise. ers, Teachers, Medical Agencies. Fourth Week. Missionary Money. "THE INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSE TO THE 3. Signs of W orId Victories. Progress of Centuries. WORLD ApPEAL" Social Reconstruction. The Native Church. r. A Program of Education-Widen- ing the Horizon. Second Week. 2. A Program of Finance-Chris- "THE CHALLENGE OF A GREAT TASK" tian Principles of Stewardship.

I. The WorId as a Whole-The 3. A Program of Service-Giving Unity of the Race. Self, Time, Talents.

2. Fields Closed to Missionary E!l- 4. A Program of Prayer-The En- terprise. ergizing Power of Prayer.

Tibet – NepaL – Bhutan – Af- A SERMON OUTLINE * ghanistan. The Church's Cha:t·ter 3. Fields Open but Unoccupied. Mongolia – Manchuria – Cen- The importance of a charter to every tral Asia. organization as the instrument of its rights and the guarantee of its existence. 4. Fields Hopefully Occupied. A charter might be defined as "A legal The Americas – North, CentraL enactment by competent authority defin- and South. ing the purpose and privilege of the or- Asia-The Near East-Far East. ganization, imposing responsibilities, and Africa – Pagan, Mohammedan, incapable of being set aside by a lesser Christian. authority."

* Based on "The Call of the World," by Matt. xxviii. 18-20, is such a charter.

W. E. Doughty. This little book furnishes I. A Legal Enactment by the Risen "facts, big facts, human facts, related Christ-the Son of God, Supreme facts." Its four chapters lend themselves Authority. to a series of midweek missionary services. d. Romans i. 4, Matt. xxviii. 18-19. Assign sub-topics to qualified laymen. Fur- d. England's Magna Charta, signed nish each with a copy of "The Call of the by King John, delivered to the Barons World." The result will be an enthusiastic of England at Runnymede, the basis layman and a vitalized prayer meeting.- of Anglo-Saxon constitutional liberty. F. P. * Theme suggested by Dr. W m. Hiram Foulkes.

2. A Definition of Privilege and Re-w·.portation. During the summer of 1916 sponsibility. ,the means of succoring them were lack- (I) A World Task – Jerusalem,. ,ing and the way to their relief seemed Judea, Samaria, uttermost part totally barred. There have been many of the earth (Acts i. 8). signs of late that Turkey was relenting (2) The Task Threefold. and that the Powers who blocked the (a) Evangelization (Mark xvi. way to getting supplies into the war area 15), giving each person an have revised their implacable policy. . . .

adequate opportunity to "Gifts of the American nation will be know and receive Christ. able to do for the war sufferers in Tur- (d. Means of spreading key what they have done for the Bel- knowledge touring, gians. There may be reasons why the preaching, etc.) United States should not and could not (b) Naturalization of Chris- hope to solve the problems of Europe by tianity (Matt. xxviii. 19, entering the war. But there is no reason R. V.)-permanent plant- why the nation that is profiting most ing of Christian churches from Europe's misfortune should not and Christian institutions. make a supreme humanitarian effort to (d. The process of natu- save the Armenian nation, the Syrian ralizing a foreigner: (I ) Christians, and the Palestinian Jews.

oath of allegiance, (2) as- This relief effort will also be directed similation of speech and in the interest of the Moslem population.

ideals of American institu- The cradle of our civilization and the tions. Christianity is natu- birthland of the three great monotheistic ralized when the native religions call out to the New World.

church reaches self-support The response of the American people is and self-government.) the only hope of salvation."

(c) Christianization (Matt. xxviii. 2o)-the application Illustrations and Thoughts of principles to the total life Give, give, be always giving. of the individual and com- Who gives not is not living. munity. The more you give, the more you live. 3. An Act Incapable of Being Set Aside Give strength, give thought, give deeds, By human authority. By personal unconcern. give pelf, By widespread indifference. Give love, give tears and give thyself; By disbelief in missions, etc. Give, give, be always giving. Who gives not is not living. IMPRESSIVE FACTS The more you give, the more you live.

AJHerien'.. W …..-Gain.. and Reliei'-GUts The Power of the Word Herbert Adams Gibbons, the war cor- The city of Wanhsien four years ago respondent of the Philadelphia Evening was a notorious place for anti-foreign Telegraph, wrote recently from Paris: feeling. The people would not have a copy of the Gospel as a free gift. But "It was gratifying to read that Presi- last year, from January to April, my dent Wilson had set aside October 21st fellow-workers and I sold 16,000 Gosand 22d as days for a national contribu- pels on the streets of that city. We sent tion to the great work of relieving the out in the last year 69,000 Bibles, New Armenians and Syrians of Asiatic Tur- Testaments and Scripture portions. They key. . . . It is altogether probable that had begun to read it and hunger for the among the world sufferers in the twen- Gospel spread rapidly. That is the tieth century none need help to so great power of the Word of God.-T. Daran extent-and need it more urgently- lington, Wanhsie-n, China. than these victims of massacre and de- "AFTER A THOUSAND DIFFERENT THOUGHTS, NOW ONE FIXED PURPOSE."

Hebrew- Chri~dian Witness smaller towns for Bible conferences

evangelistic services. If the way is A MERICA is the land of refuge for opened other workers will follow. Hebrews. Here they find physical, social, mental, religious and financial This is a movement for Hebrew freedom and enlarged opportunities. Christian evangelism by united forces, Why should they not also find spiritual with a view to blessing Jew and Genlife and liberty? This would doubtless tile and the Church of God. result if Christians would exhibit toward them the spirit of Christ as eagerly as What the Jews Need they manifest a desire for financial profit. REV. H. L. HELLYER, a Hebrew A vision of better things is suggested by a conference of Hebrew Christians, Christian engaged in work for his held last August at Port Dalhousie, people in Philadelphia, recently declared Canada. There were present: Rev. S. B. that nothing is more needed in work among the Jews of America than an in- Rohold of Toronto, Rev. J. 1. Lands- telligent presentation of the love of mann of England, Dr. A. R. Kuldell at Christ. Since landing in America the Jews have seen and experienced a Chris- Baltimore, Rev. H. L. Hellyer of Phila- tianity different from that which they delphia, and Rev. Max J. Reich of used to see in such countries as Russia, Morrisville, Pa. These men organized Galicia, and Roumania. Thousands of an association called "The Hebrew them are prepared to re-examine the Christian Witness to Israel in North claims of Jesus' Messiahship, and His America." The object of the organiza- lordship over the lives of men. What is tion is to awaken greater interest in the needed is to enlighten the Jew upon the evangelization of Israel and to bear more contents of the Gospel message. At least effective Christian testimony to this race. ninety-eight per cent of the Jews in It is proposed to open a headquarte;'c, America have never looked into a New from which qualified men shall go forth Testament. They have no idea what from time to time, as the way opens, the Gospel teaches. The New Testatwo by two, to reach Gentile Christians ment is never found in their homes, is in their churches and to present the forbidden in their synagogues and schools, truth of Christ to the Jews in each and is condemned as a book utterly unlocality. A committee of reference, com- worthy to be read or studied as a means posed of well-known Christians, is to be of moral uplift. formed, and also competent agents are to be appointed to superintend the busi- Tile Episcopal Convention, St. Louis ness part of the work, so that those engaged in the public testimony may not A NOTABLE gathering of bishops be in any way involved in collecting and laymen assembled for the Genfunds for the support of the work. eral Convention of the Protestant Epis- copal Church at St. Louis in October. The temporary office is in the Chris- The treasurer of the Board of Missions tian Synagogue, 165 Elizabeth Street, reported special receipts from the "One Toronto, Ontario. The Rev. S. B. Day's Income" to be over $110,000. Rohold is secretary pro tern. The officers of the Board were re-elected, but later Secretary Burleson was made The movement is full of promise and Bishop of South Dakota. may accomplish great things if Christians will join in the undertaking. The One of the most striking resolutions object is to unite forces and talents of adopted by the House of Deputies is Hebrew Christians for a more effective for the benefit of converts from Judaevangelism among Jews and Gentiles. ism and was as follows: A beginning is to be made first by two Hebrew Christians going out into

"Resolved, That this House reaffirms cationallyand religiously, that the friends its declaration of Christian liberty to of the society have urged and made it Hebrew converts as set forth in its full possible for its presentation in other reports of 1907 and 1910, assuring our cities. Jewish brethren that they are free to observe the national rites and ceremonies In completing its first century of work of Israel when they accept Christ, ac- the society reiterates the following aims: cording to the clear teaching of the New Circulate and grant Scriptures without Testament and the practice of Christ racial or denominational discrimination and the apostles; and we further urge throughout the United States and Latin upon the whole Church to take up ear- America in the Western Hemisphere, nestly, with sympathy and affection, the and in six great fields of the Eastern work of winning the ancient people of Hemisphere; continue the great work of God to the Kingdom and obedience of translating the Scriptures into languages Jesus Christ." which have them not; take the Bible to the poor, the ignorant, the untaught; to The Woman's Auxiliary made itself strangers, immigrants, prisoners; respond responsible for raising $50,000 for the to unique openings in old fields, e. g., new St. Agnes' School at Kyoto, Japan. China and Mexico, the Philippines, the When Bishop Brent appealed for $30,- Cristobal Bible House; respond to un- 000 for an industrial high school in the usual temporary needs and present in- Philippines, $26,000 was pledged within ternational conditions, e. g., the soldiers fifty minutes. At a mass meeting in the on both sides of the Mexican border and interest of St. Luke's International Hos- the soldiers in Europe. pital, Tokyo, Japan, $32,000 was pledged toward the $96,000 necessary to The 'l'roops and Clean I~iving complete the sum required. During the days of the convention practically $roo,- I N connection with the Y. M. C. A. 000 was given and promised for special work among the troops on the Mexineeds. No previous General Convention can border, thousands of men have has had such a record of generosity. signed this pledge: American Bible Society Centennial "I take this step pledging my alle- giance to my highest manhood, my home I N celebration of the centennial of the and to society, to lead a clean life and American Bible Society, great official to help others to do so." and union meetings, with notable speakers, have been held all over the United Members of the secretarial staff speak States and in many foreign lands dur- most enthusiastically of the Clean Living ing the past year. Thousands of cele- Campaign conducted by H. L. Heinzbrations by churches, Sunday schools, man and Dr. M. J. Exner. The results auxiliaries, colleges and seminaries have are regarded as remarkably good in the aroused interest in the great work: of influence which has been exerted among the society in providing and circulating the men. the Scriptures. Scores of Church synods, conferences and associations have given A sergeant in the hospital corps replace to this great event in their official ported that prior to a meeting addressed programs, and the Society urges the ob- by Mr. Heinzman, out of sixty men in servance of December loth as Universal the corps an average of eight daily ap- Bible Sunday. plied for treatment for venereal diseases. In the week following the meeting the A pageant, "The Bible Among the number had dwindled to one. Nations," consisting of fifteen tableaux, showing from its earliest history the Choir Singer a Mormon Missionary translation, printing and distribution of the Bible, was first given at Washing- MRS. LULU LOVELAND SHEPton by the leading churches of that city ARD recently spoke in a Methand was such a great success, both edu- odist church in Philadelphia and told of the 5,000 young men and women who are busy as missionaries for the Mormon church. "They go out with neither

FROM MANY LANDS

purse nor scrip," she said, "and find little decree is the climax of a campaign waged difficulty in being cared for as they go by the newspaper EI Universal, which along." Then she startled her hearers attracted wide attention throughout the by saying; "Do you Methodists know republic. In the decree General Carthat one of these Mormon missionaries ranza says that the Government is under at work in Philadelphia is supported by obligation to stamp out customs which a Methodist church? This young wom- are .opposed to culture and to aid civilan has a fine voice, and a large Meth- ization by elevating the moral level of odist church in Philadelphia pays her a the citizens. Bull fights are denounced salary as a choir singer. So she supports as needlessly endangering the lives of herself by singing Methodist hymns on men, torturing beasts, provoking san- Sunday and is free to travel from door guinary sentiments and disgracing the to door through the week, proselyting country. The "First Chief" adds that for the Mormon church." bull fighting causes misery to the poor, who, for a moment's enjoyment, go Noteworthy Indian Resolutions without the necessities of life to witness the degrading exhibition. THE resolutions adopted by the Young Men's Christian Association National The penalty for infringement of the Indian Student Conference at Estes decree is a fine of $1,(XX) to $5,000, im- Park, Colorado, demonstrate the extent of Indian development. These Indians prisonment of two to six months, or both. of the new generation believe that the day has arrived when every student of A Dl"'af Mute PrPRt"IIe-r in Cuba, their race who has completed the full course of study prescribed by the Fed- T HE Eastern Cuba Baptist Conveneral Indian Bureau for Indian schools tion is noted for the spirit of evanshould be deemed fully competent to handle his own affairs, should receive gelism. Perhaps the most striking full rights of citizenship and be thrown feature of the last meeting, held at Vicon his own resources entirely. The toria las Tunas, was the preaching of a moral responsibilities of guardianship of deaf mute, a native Cuban, a layman in their own people these students consid- one of the Cuban mission churches. As ered in resolutions against the use of soon as this deaf mute reached the Condrugs; and also the practices "which pre- vention town he inquired if there were vail among some of our Indian people any deaf mutes in the place, and being of participating in shows, dances and told of one, at once sought out the man other pagan practices for the amusement and began preaching the gospel of salof white people, thus humiliating our vation to him. The result was that the race and destroying its standards." man gave his heart to the Saviour. This These resolutions further look toward a deaf mute layman is not only a devoted termination of the Government ward- church member, but is constantly preachship of the Indians and their complete ing to the deaf mutes in his own town, merging in the general population of the and to all who understand his sign lancountry. Among other subjects of con- guage he makes known the faith that gratulation these students include the fills his soul with joy. Superintendent full liberty of individual choice in re- Howells says this is not an exceptional ligion, which has been made prominent case, but that this man is an example of under the present national administra- the evangelistic spirit that is prevalent tion. among the Cuban Christians. The Gos- pel means so much to them that they cannot keep still about it.

LA'rIN AMERICA Rival Sunday Schools in Argentina Bull Fighting in ~Iexico HE largest Spanish-speaking church T in Buenos Aires had, until a few GENERAL CARRANZA- signed a months ago, only about 140 pupils in decree on October 9th prohibiting the Sunday school. Then Rev. George bull fighting throughout Mexico. The

P. Howard, South American Secretary ceipts, $1,345,180, showed an increase of for the World's Sunday School Associa- $11,500. tion, was asked to take the situation in hand, and as a result they "all caught London Mi….ion to Chinese Sailors the Sunday school vision and the attendance increased to 256." By their efforts A CHINESE Christian student in the children are also stirring up other London is carrying on a mission for schools. Chinese sailors in the East End. He says: "One of the largest schools in Montevideo has set out to become a model "I preach the Gospel to Chinese seaschool. They have put in a complete men every Sunday. The power of the graded course, kindergarten department, Holy Spirit has touched many hearts and three teacher-training classes, etc. They the number of men who have received have been doing wonders, but as soon the salvation of God has gone up to as they heard about our school in this eighty. When they go away they take rival city, they held a council of war, a Bible with them. They write and tell sent a letter of congratulation to the me how they are enjoying themselves on superintendent, and made up their minds board. They sing songs to the praise of that they would not let their brethren God and tell their fellow workers of across the River Plate beat them. The their discovery and possession of the days are all too short for the accomplish- 'pearl of great price.' Although they ing of all that needs to be done." may occasionally meet with persecutions, yet they stand fast joyfully in their un- EUROPE shakable faith in God.

TBibles by the iUnUons "The men come to learn English and HE British and Foreign Bible Society Chinese on week days. They are very reports remarkable activity. From keen to study. In all this work I receive Berlin several hundred thousand books invaluable help from the Salvation Army for German and Austrian troops, and people, who are always kind to our counfor Russian, French and British pris- trymen. The work was commenced two oners of war, have been distributed. years ago. Since then it has borne re- About 1,300,000 volumes were circu- markable fruits." lated in the Central European area. At one internment camp in France, German For the Relief of JeW's officers collected fourteen francs to send to the society by way of thanks for THE Russian Jews' Relief Fund Com- Testaments presented to them. Over mittee, established in England, has half a million volumes have been presented to military hospitals in England been instrumental during the first year and Wales alone. In the first twenty in raising over $135,000 for the relief of months of the war four and a half mil- suffering Russian and Polish Jews in the lion volumes were distributed. China Eastern war zone. took 2,371,000 volumes and India and Ceylon 1,088,000, while the English The distribution of the funds has been issue was 2,700,ooo-just double that of undertaken by a committee in Petrograd, two years ago. Ten new languages- presided over by Baron Gilnzburg, which eight of them in Africa-have been add- is officially recognized by the Russian ed to the society's list of versions, making Government. This committee has set a total of 497 languages in which the up over 150 centres where the need is Bible, in whole or in part, is published. greatest, and the whole work is, there- Last year's total issue of volumes reached fore, under efficient supervision. the unprecedented figure of 1I,059,617. The society's expenditure, $1,275,480, The estimated cost per refugee is two was, by severe economies, $65,550 below or three roubles per month. For helping that of the previous year, while the re- refugees along their route of travel, thirty train divisions were specially or- ganized. There were opened 12 hos- pitals and isolation shelters, 45 ambu- lances, 122 feeding centres, and 40 shel- ters for children.

FROM MANY LANDS

The Million Shilling Fund, which it very low. Has there been much family is now proposed to raise, will enable the prayer since the beginning of this great Petrograd committee to provide food, conflict? Perhaps there was more for a clothing, shelter and medical aid for the certain period. But in this matter also refugees during the winter. there has been a slackening as the war has drawn out its weary length, as the To Abolish the "Pale" in Ru….ia situation has remained about stationary."

IT is reported that a bill is to be intro- Rou:rnania and the Gospel duced in the Russian Imperial Duma abolishing the "pale" and giving the Jews THE Scripture Gift Mission for the the same rights as other Russians. Pro- past nine months has been very acfessor Paul Miliukov, of Moscow University, it was said, made the announce- tively engaged in printing and circulatment in Petrograd on his return from ing the Scriptures in Roumania among England, France and Italy, where he has the mobilized troops, and the secretary toured with other members of the Duma. has in his possession many letters of thanks from the commanders of the Rou- Professor Miliukov, whose statement manian army corps for the very welcome is quoted, the leader of the Constitutional gifts to the soldiers under their com- Democrats, has always championed equal mand. Letters have also been received rights for the Jews. Bills in favor of from the military colleges and the Red tne emancipation of the Jews in Russia Cross establishments, all saying how dewere introduced several times in the lighted they are to receive the attractive Duma by the progressive factions, but little Gospels issued by the mission. An the reactionaries have always defeated acknowledgment has also been sent from them. By a departmental order the resi- the Minister of Religion and Instruction, dence of Jews outside the "pale" is al- so that it can be seen that this effort of ready permitted. A circular issued by the Scripture Gift Mission has been Count Ignatieff, the Russian Minister of specially favored. A royal princess has Education, abolishing the system of bal- taken the matter up very keenly and is lot for Jews desiring to enter the Rus- doing her utmost to get the Gospels into sian secondary schools, is regarded as an the hands of as many soldiers as possible. excellent omen for the further enfran- The mission has on order some 200,000 chisement of the Jews. Gospels, but quite 400,000 more will be needed. French Attitude Toward Prayer WOl'k for ltalian Soldier.. EARLY in the war reports came from France that people were filling long- THE Waldensian Church has realized the new opportunities for Christian neglected churches and giving themselves to prayer. This, however, has appar- work, due to the fact that three million ently not continued. Le Bon Messager, soldiers are massed in a comparatively the organ of the MacAU Mission, says: small territory in the proper mood to "What has become of prayer during this receive and assimilate the message of the war? Have our churches been at prayer Gospel. Steps have accordingly been as much as our armies have been at bat- taken to reach as many as possible with tle? Have we employed our weapons the Word of God. spiritual with similar courage, the same faith and the same heroic patience, as The Italian Government has nomiour armies have shown? In the first nated three Waldensian pastors as chapdays of the war it seemed as though this lains to their co-religionists in the army, duty had been properly understood, and with the same rank (captain), salary, people had begun to pray. But it is as privileges and duties as the chaplains of though the impulse were not strong the Roman Church. They hold regular enough; for it soon fell back and the services in the trenches whenever posprayer meetings speedily resumed the old sible, visit the wounded in the infirmaries level in point of attendance-which was and hospitals, comfort the dying, etc.

No other oenomination has had this for the restoration (repairs, etc.) of privilege. school and chapel buildings, not exclud- ing Gregorian churches. These have A committee of assistance and relief been, generally speaking, greatly injured for Italian evangelical soldiers has been and defiled and must be repaired and organized in Turin, with the object of restored as opportunity offers. 3. Spekeeping in touch with all the Protestant cial funds should be provided for the soldiers. Every soldier is supplied with opening of orphanages in many places to a New Testament, a comfort kit, and provide for the great body of orphans possibly woolen clothing, etc. Relief is now needing to be gathered into homes. also given to families of reservists. The The Turks are trying to get these into weekly religious paper, La Luce, is sent their hands to rear as Moslems." free every week to all Protestant soldiers and all who ask for it. One full page These plans coincide with the convicis always devoted entirely to news from tions of the Turkey missionaries now in the soldiers. Professor Giovanni Ros- America, most of whom are eager to go tiegno, of the Waldensian Seminary, has back. published a tract, "Letter to the Soldier of Italy," nearly IOO,CXJO copies of which A Mosletn Ca.rpenter COllYerted have already been distributed. M ISS MARY R. FLEMING, of The colporteurs of the Immigration Bureau of the society meet the Italian ~ Tabriz, Persia, sends some interreservists who have been pouring into esting items in a letter received some Genoa and Naples from North America weeks ago. She says: and all parts of the world, distributing copies of the Gospel among them. More "In spite of the unsettled condition of than 28,CXJO have been distributed. the world in general and of wars and rumors of wars around us, the work at The motto of the Church this year is: Tabriz has gone on steadily. While one "A Gospel to every soldier!" of our number was itinerating in Ma- ragha, a very interesting occurrence was MOSLE1U LANDS the conversion of a young Mohammedan Tabriz carpenter who had gone down Reconstruction Plans in Turkey there to fulfil a contract for work. He had been a Bahaist, but was not satisfied Q UALITIES of statesmanship have with that faith and had been for some always been characteristic of the time an inquirer. He came out deleaders in the missionary enterprise. A cidedly for Christ while we were there fresh illustration of this is seen in the and has suffered some persecution for his way in which the missionaries in Tur- change of faith, the persecution taking key, even in these dark and terrible days, the form of a boycott, as his relatives are are looking ahead and making plans for refusing to have any social intercourse the days of restoration and reconstruc- with him, threatening to take his wife tion which they believe are on their way. from him. His employer also refused to pay him for the work done on account The missionaries in Constantinople, of his change of faith, but he is standing after due consideration, have endorsed firm. We found a great deal of interest the following plans for which in their among the people in the subject of rejudgment special funds should be pro- ligion, and the field everywhere seems vided ready for use in a short time: more open than ever." "I. Special funds should be set apart for helping young men and young women The Syrian Protestant College to fit themselves for preaching and teaching in the near future. Through this THE Syrian Protestant College at we hope to get a good number in course Beirut has had the most exciting year of training at once. We judge that this work must be chiefly done in Constanti- in its history, but, in spite of war condinople, Brousa and Smyrna. 2. Special tions, 769 students were enrolled last funds should be provide.! and set apart

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

year. At the commencement last June INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON the degree of Doctor of Laws was be- stowed upon Dr. Daniel Bliss (who died Ne"l-v HOllIe Standards In India a few weeks later), and at the same time the president of the board of trustees, WHEN I visited Miss RTohboibnsuorn~ Dr. D. Stuart Dodge, of New York principal of the Isabella City, received in absentia the degree of LL.D. College, she showed me a big packet of Misery ill Arulenia letters and said: THE attention of the civilized world "There is a new world in India. was called to the sufferings of the Eight thousand young men are 'graduat- Armenians by the action of the President of the United States, who, at the request ing from college every year. These men of both houses of Congress, named October 21st and 22d as Armenian and don't want a mere child, a toy, for a Syrian Relief Days and promptly followed up his proclamation by placing at wife; they wish companionship. All the disposal of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief a navy these are letters of inquiry of a matricollier for supplies of food and clothing. As a result of this and other efforts over monial nature. We could arrange for one million and a half dollars has been contributed to Armenian relief by Amer- more marriages than we have graduates, icans in the past six months. The 100,000 Syrians in America have also and those marriages into the most de- given $ro per capita for the relief of sirable families. Sometimes it seems as their countrymen. if I were conducting a matrimonial bu- The terrible reports of existing condi- reau, to supply wives for future college tions continue' to make clear how extensive the plans for relief must be. For professors, judges, deputy collectors and example, a worker in Aleppo writes from a Turkish village: "Tell our mis- all sorts of influential men." sionaries that their college children, young men and girls, are dying of hun- That is it! There is a new man as ger. To look at them breaks one's heart. Tell of the crowds of children outside well as a new woman in the Orient, and crying for bread; of the many pure young girls sold for bread to the Arabian this man has a new ideal of womanhood men; of the young people who are weakened by hunger, till they look like the and family life. In some cases families aged. The people kill and eat the street dogs. J saw a woman who ate the not Christian are setting up that characclotted blood of an animal killed in the street. Up to now all ate grass, but teristic Christian institution, the family that too is dried up." meal. This alone means a revolution in Eyewitnesses all along the Euphrates have reported seeing the Armenian refu- the position of woman; for by Indian gees still wandering by the hundreds, eating grass, herbs and locusts, and in custom the wife, whether of high or low some cases even dead animals and the flesh of human bodies. degree, has waited upon her husband, One dollar will keep ten persons alive standing while he ate, and later has parfor one week in Asia Minor. taken alone, or with the children, the portion of food he set aside for her.- HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY in the World Outlook.

Floods Work Havoe in India I N a letter to the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, Rev. George W. Briggs, of Allahabad, India, writes: "Both the Ganges and Jumna rivers, which meet at Allahabad City, have overflowed their banks. The waters are higher than at any time within the last thirty years. The rainfall at Allahabad is twentv inches in excess of normal. In certain ~ections of the city the water has come perilously near, while in others it has flooded houses, causing them to fall. Whole villages have been submerged or washed away. There has been great suffering and destruction at Chunar and Manikpur. When this news reaches America the rains will be over, but the suffering will not have stopped. Mouldy

grain means cholera. Flooded sections has taken place during the year. The of the city cause fevers. Loss of prop- Church has sought to rise to its opportuerty means poverty added to poverty. nity in an aggressive missionary cam- And indescribable distress will prevail. paign, and a three years' campaign has The village houses are built of adobe. been auspiciously begun. Each year one Excessive rain and flood, in many in- week is to be devoted to special personal stances, have caused whole villages to evangelism by the members of the melt away. In our own district this Church, and to prepare the Church for means hundreds of homeless men, wom- this work Bible study circles and sysen and children. It means crops washed tematic prayer have been entered on. away. Their next harvest will not be Half of the communicants of the Church gathered till April, 1917." are now enrolled in Bible study circles, more than half are giving themselves GerInan Missions in India. daily to prayer for India, and the first special week of simultaneous evangelism G OOD news is received from the has been held. The figures and results native Christian churches of the are impressive. During this week over Gassner Mission in India through letters 8,000 workers (6,000 men and 2,000 from native pastors and from the English women) gave themselves wholly to evan- Bishop Westcott of Chota Nagpur, who gelism. In 3,814 towns and villages now has the supervision of the mission. throughout South India the campaign The native superintendent of the Gass- was carried on, 300,000 men and women ner Mission Press writes: "We work heard the sound of the Gospel, and of everyone in his sphere as before and no these, 8,000 are now "enquirers," and one hinders us. All the institutions still 6,000 have decided for Christ. To the exist; not the least change has been at- young Church itself this movement has tempted. The work in the printing brought a sense of unity, a flow of life, office and bindery continues as of old. and a holy consecration, that evoke grati- Yet our income has decreased, for we do tude to God and cause a hopeful wonder not sell as many books as before. It is as to whereunto this thing will grow. very hard for me to carryon the work in the old manner. The Bishop has SIAM AND THE LAOS come to my help a little by letting me print since March 1st The Messenger Customs Change in Siam of the S. P. G. Mission." NoT long ago a Buddhist priest in The Hermansburg and Leipzig Mis- Southern Asia was not supposed sions have given over their property rights in India to other corporations, even to look at a woman. When one with the consent of the British Govern- of the sex' appeared in sight he took ment-the Hermansburg to the United shelter behind a big palm leaf fan. But Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio a Presbyterian missionary says of the and other states. Permission has been government examination in Siam in a granted by the government to the Swed- government school building: "The room ish Church Mission to take over the was full of young Buddhist priests in property of the Leipzig Mission on con- their best· yellow robes. The girls of dition that they dismiss two of the mis- one of the grades were given the front sionaries-Messrs. Brutzer and Hoff- bench in the rooms, with ever so many man. priests behind them. Priests and young girls taking the examinations together! Three Years' Campaign in South India A change indeed!"

IN the United Church of South India Tribute to a Leper Hospital -which is the result of.a union of DR. J. P. NORRIS, of the Rocke- Presbyterian and Congregational mis- feller Foundation, recently visited sions (European and American), under the leper asylum conducted by Dr. Cart a constitution which preserves the best at Chieng Mai, Siam, and wrote in the of both polities-a remarkable movement

FROM MANY LANDS 95

visitors' book: "I am very glad to have ways this union of bodies of diverse creed been able to visit this institution, which and dissimilar administrative methods is is a monument of truly religious ser- one of the most remarkable on the for- vice. The institution is much more than eign mission field. an asylum, an excellent hospital, well planned and built, under skilled and kind By the Canadian Church there will medical direction, affording treatment on be sent a professor to join the faculty modern lines to. those afflicted with lep- of each of the three colleges of the uni- rosy; Many of the cases are responding versity-arts, medical and theological. satisfactorily to treatment, and in some Grinnell College, Iowa, is the original cases their condition warrants the belief source of the contribution which the that they will be cured. I t is to be American Board is preparing to make hoped that the hospital will be largely toward the university, though the Board, subsidized so that its usefulness may be as already stated in the REVIEW, has increased and the segregation of lepers agreed to give from its own funds an in Siam will be extended, and as a con- amount equal to the gifts of Grinnell's sequence leprosy be eradicated from the students, faculty and alumni, whose goal country within a reasonable time." is $50,000 for endowment.

CHINA Negotiations are proceeding with still other boards looking toward enlarging New Railways for China the union for the benefit of Chinese young men who are connected with A ST. PAUL engineer is on his way churches not now represented in the in- to China to survey 1,100 miles of stitution. railroad in regions as yet untouched by rail enterprise. He will also superintend A Notable Convert the construction and operation of the railway. The railway complete will H aN. WEN PEl SHAN, Commiscost about $50,000,000 and will increase sioner of' Foreign Affairs in the the republic's total rail mileage by fifty Province of Chekiang, is a native of per cent. For the first time the Chinese Tientsin, who had become a wreck, both have put the construction on a contract morally and physically, when he was led basis, limiting the total cost of work to Christ and received into the Christian undertaken. This is expected to do away Church by baptism. Even his physical with the graft notorious in many Chinese features show a wonderful change. Not undertakings. The lines to be built have satisfied with being saved himself, he is not yet been decided on, and probably a trying to win the other members of his year will elapse before actual construc- family and his friends. He has started tion is begun. The railway is expected a Bible study circle for young lawyers, to be one of the most modern and effi- which is regularly attended and well cient in the world. conducted.

Five Boards United in Shantung In an article he contributed to the second issue of the China Church Year WITH the almost simultaneous de- Book, 1915, Mr. Wen writes: "Let it cision of the Canadian Presbyterian be publicly known that I have been the chief of all sinners. Though at times I Church and the American Board to join wished to make a change for the better the missions which are united in Shan- and feared the inevitable consequence of tung Christian University at Tsinan, sin, I was utterly unable to do so. To China, a great forward step has been reform a life of sin such as mine has taken. For a number of years the been, needed a power that must be Church of England has been a member superhuman. Such a power, I now deof the federation, which was formed a clare, can only be given by the Lord dozen years ago by American Presby- Jesus Christ. Knowledge cannot do it. terians and English Baptists. In many Our three religions cannot do it."

The BIble in China of dried sweet potato leaves or turnip leaves, or even thistles. I N the China Mission Year Book, Dr. Bondfield states that at a rough esti- Despite these conditions, the Christians mate the various Chinese versions of the among these Chinese are giving their Bible represent the continuous work of tithes, and are even planning for new one man for 242 years, supposing he did churches. But a great majority of this nothing else. Over one hundred Euro- district is untouched. There are villages peans and Americans have given the best in the mountains where the people have years of their lives to the task. At a never seen a foreigner and have never low estimate $275,000.00 has been ex- heard of the "Jesus Doctrine." Thev pended on the translation and revision are remarkably ready to listen. They of the Scriptures into Wenli, Easy take the missionary into their family Wenli and Mandarin. If the Chinese temples, ordinarily sacred, and let him vernacular versions be added, the num- preach and live in these. One of these ber of years spent by one man would temples is to become a mission school. be approximately 363; the number of missionaries engaged 150, and the total JAPAN-CHOSEN expenditure $400,000.00. Dr. Bond- field's brief note concludes with the A Distinguished Japanese in Alneriea words: "And it was worth while." BARON SAKATANI, former mayor A Bible Class in Tientsin of Tokyo, and one of Japan's most W ORD occasionally comes from prominent business men, recently held a China that shows how Mr. Sher- conference with officials of the World's wood Eddy's evangelistic work is bear- Sunday School Association. He is one ing fruit. Here is one case in point. of the committee which is promoting the A man who was impressed at the Tien- Tokyo Convention, toward the arrange- tsin meetings opened a Bible class in ments for which eminent Japanese are his own house, calling in a Chinese making substantial contributions because Christian to lead it. It began with five of their vision of the great service which members, but gradually the neighbors this convention will render to religious were interested, books were purchased, progress and in the development of per- a circulating library started and a large sonal character. When he was in Phila- bright room was fitted up for the meet- delphia he visited Mr. Wanamaker's ings. More than eighty names are now Sunday school, where the mayor pre- on the Bible class roll and the average sented Baron Sakatani with the Ameri- attendance is forty; seven persons have can flag and the flag of the city of Phila- been baptized, besides the whole house- delphia. In return the baron presented hold of the originator of the movement, the flag of Japan. In the course of his and a women's class of about thirty has address before the school, the baron said _been started. he believed that the great war now rag- ing in Europe was caused by civilization Fan.ine ill Cllinn putting too much weight llpon the mate- rial side and forgetting the spiritual. FAMINE conditions in some districts "Japan has been making this mistake for of China, according to Dr. Charles the past sixty years," said the baron, "but now leading Japanese are feeling E. Scott, of Tsingtau, are worse than the necessity of emphasizing the spiritual in Belgium or Poland. Three years out side." He expressed his opinion that the of the last four have been famine years Sunday school was the best means of near Tsingtau, and the stopping of for- filling up this gap and leading the people eign businesses, added to the ruining of to see the importance of moral training. many Chinese firms because of war con- "The thing which impresses me most ditions, has created a fearful condition. about the Sunday school work in Amer- Millions of people are driven to eat the ica," said the baron, "is that so many tender leaves of trees, the last portions successful business men are giving so

FROM MANY LANDS

much of their time and energy to the supposed to be a talk on loyalty, but building up of the Sunday school and so there was no religion in it. They then many workers are giving free service. asked me to speak, and I told them of This safeguards the future of America." the largeness of the Sunday school work in America and of the importance of aThe Women'" College in Tokyo following up through the week what NE of the significant developments they learned there on Sunday. They in missionary policy in recent years have this school only twice a month.- has been the establishment of the union H. E. COLEMAN, World's Sunday School colleges for women in Madras, in Pe- Association Field Secretary. king and in Nanking. It is not a simple matter for boards already overburdened Plans for a University in Cl10sen with financial needs of existing institutions to start out with faith to establish T HE late Dr. Underwood was deeply these higher institutions for women. Yet interested in the movement among it is the value of the work that these the Protestant churches conducting misboards have already done that makes sionary work in Korea to establish a such institutions necessary. The great Christian university in Seoul. A prochain of girls' schools under missionary moting committee has adopted a tentaauspices around the world now demands tive constitution and prepared financial the next step, the women's college. estimates which will be submitted to the missions and boal ds cooperating in the A board has been appointed to take work. The need for such an institution up the matter of the new college for is emphasized by the fact that the inthe women of Japan. For many rea- tellectual atmosphere of the Imperial sons it has been difficult to secure con- University is largely rationalistic and certed action, but it is believed a plan even atheistic in character. is now under way which will result in the opening of such a college in 1917. The past year has been one of unusual I t must be established on the highest progress in all lines of Christian activity possible basis, if it is to appeal to the in Korea. The total number of addi- Government of Japan and is to supply tions to all Protestant churches last year a higher grade of instruction than can on profession of faith was 9,019. The now be furnished by government schools. total number of communicants in all the Special prayer is needed at this time.- Protestant churches is now 110,000. Federation Bulletin. To Prevent "Cooling Oft" A. Buddhist Sunday School A T a helpers' meeting in the Presby- TWO weeks ago I visited a Buddhist terian mission church in Andong, Korea, a couple of years ago, it was Sunday school in Tsukiji and found remarked that there was a noticeable them teaching the children, sentence by "cooling off" of the church's zeal for sentence, some of the old Buddhist scrip- preaching, and after much discussion it tures, of which I do not think they un- was decided to make a report each Sunderstood much. They had two songs, day on three separate items: the number and these were poorly practiced. There of people preached to, the number of were about 250 children in a large room Scriptures or Gospel portions sold to unand they were kept there for two hours, believers, – and the number of new bewith five or ten minutes' intermission. lievers. The man who gave the first talk to the children spoke for forty-five minutes, In order that these reports might not giving them an historical talk about the be "padded," the only people counted Russo-Japanese war and the bravery of when the helper preached to a crowd were a few of the soldiers of that war. The those who appeared to be actually listen- children were good, but, of course, did ing, If only two were listening out of not pay very close attention. This was a group of fifty, two would be the num- ber preached to. In the same manner,

when books or Scripture portions were but I am with you in this great thought given out, only those were counted which of living for others. This little poem is were sold. Books given away were not wonderfully true and it is the best thing reported, and no one was numbered as I have seen in my life."

a new believer until he had attended church a month or six weeks and en- Refugee.. at Port Said I tered his name on the church roll. The result of this method has been a T is over a year since there ar- steady increase. The new believers have rived in Port Said the 4,000 Armenian remained about 300 for each year since refugees. The problem of providing the system went into effect, but the hear- shelter and a limited supply of food for ers have increased from 150,000 to 260,- this great company of people has been 000, and the books sold from 10,000 to handled by the British government, but 12,000. Special banners are awarded the American Committee in Cairo, of the churches making the best record in which Rev. Stephen Trowbridge is sec- each helper's circuit, and the winning retary, has had to attend to many other church tries to hold the banner the sec- wants of the refugees. Among these ond year. have been the questions of employment and spiritual guidance. Among the peo- AFRICA ple various trades are found, such as carpenters, masons, comb makers, silk- Dr. Zwemer and the Magistrate worm cultivators, and good weavers, but WHEN Dr. Zwemer visited Deir few are skilled except in such crafts as Mowas, Egypt, on a preaching trip, weaving and comb making. About two- thirds of the refugees, either because of he met a police magistrate, an educated their age or poor health or duties in the Moslem of marked liberality, who had home, are unable to work. But to keep become interested in a Christian orphan- 600 able-bodied men from eating the age in Assiut. He had translated on bread of idleness continues to be a knotty his own initiative an English book on question. At different periods some of the care of children, which he hoped to the men have been employed in various publish at the Nile Mission Press. This services for the British army. During Moslem police magistrate took Dr. one month alone 5.400 combs were made Zwemer to his own home to show him, by hand, and this with the weaving has as a great curiosity, a little book which kept many busy, although there have had in it the flags of all the world artd been serious labor difficulties. "certain figures relating to the Sunday schools in all the countries of the world." A Sunday school has been organized Going to his safe, with great ceremony for the four Protestant congregations, he unlocked the door and took out a and there is a prospect that the Gre- much used copy of the booklet published gorians will also commence a Sunday at the World's Sunday School Conven- school. Every family in which there is tion in Zurich, "The Strength of the a member who knows how to read now World's Sunday School Army." Some- has a copy of the New Testament or one in Assiut who had shown it to the of the Bible, provided by the British and police magistrate had finally given it to Foreign Bible Society. The people are him at his urgent request. He was deeply attached to Pastor Andreasi;m, greatly pleased to learn that Dr. Zwemer and his preaching services have been himself was one of the speakers at the crowded. Three large tents provided by Zurich Convention and alreadv knew the the British authorities have been thrown booklet. – into one, and some of the Gregorians, Then he took out of his pocketbook a as well as the Protestant congregations, leaf torn from the beginning of the flag have attended the services. A consider- book, bearing the poem "Others." able number, especially among the young "This," he said, "is my religion. I am people, have decided for Christ, and new a Moslem and shall continue a Moslelll, life has come into the hearts of the people.

FROM MANY LANDS

Church Life in Nigeria agreed that any person shall be bought or sold, or placed in servitude, or be MRS. J. CRAVEN WILSON, who transferred either as a pledge or security for debt, or in any other way," shall be with her husband is engaged in absolutely illegal; and that no claim for missionary work under the C. M. S., compensation from Government to persends an encouraging account of the de- sons claiming to be owners shall be recvelopment of the native church: ognized in respect of slaves who may acquire their freedom by virtue of the "The Ibo Christians have nobly risen ordinance. to the necessity for self-support, and last half year returned all the C. M. S. Changes AIllODg the Kaffirs grant for native workers. The church in the Niger Mission is being trained to NEARLY twenty years ago, Rev. govern itself. Provisional church coun- Walter Searle, then a minister in cils have been formed in each district, with the superintendent as chairman, and Capetown, believed that he heard God's the people are responding to this added voice to go and pioneer among unevanprivilege. Each congregation has its gelized heathen. After a brief term of own parochial committee, and women service in Natal, he and his wife went communicants take their part, showing among the Kaffirs. He says of their wonderful sense and power. Each cate- work: chist is responsible for his own church and for Sunday services, daily prayers, "We found in this wild district and four classes a week for inquirers, neither church nor manse, Christian nor catechumens, confirmees and communi- scholar. We dwelt in huts, and transcants. When necessary these leaders formed an old trading store into church read the Burial Service, which nearly all and school. This has now multiplied Christians attend. The catechists have into eight churches, where children are great influence and need our prayers that taught the Word and the Gospel is their spiritual life may be a bright ex- preached, and many converts have been ample to their congregations. gathered. A marvelous revival, marked by protracted meetings, overwhelming "Twice a year all the schoolmasters convictions, transporting joy and transand pupil teachers go out in bands for formed lives, was given four years ago; a ten days' preaching tour among the and, commencing at the station of my heathen. When possible, the superin- son, who went forth to labor with us tendent joins the bands. In some places at the beginning, extended to Lutubene, the educated girls hold Sunday schools where, away from all civilization, we for women. Every fourth Sunday the have labored for seventeen years. Christians at all the churches go out with their catechists for open-air preaching." "The South African General Mission has had a rapid progress from Cape Sla~~ery Ended in Nigeria Town to the borders of the Belgian Congo, extending through Pondoland, MOST people have not realized that Tembuland, Bomvanaland, Natal, Zulu- slavery existed anywhere under the land, Tongaland, and N yassaland be- yond the River Zambesi, and is now British flag today, so it is a surprise to planting new mission stations in Northhear that an ordinance declaring the west Rhodesia and Portugal West, where abolition of the legal status of slavery we have a thousand miles of unevangelin Nigeria has been promulgated-a ized territory to win for Christ." document which Bishop Tugwell describes as of "supreme importance." The The Lord's Supper in IJuanza bill enacts that "all persons heretofore or hereafter born in or brought within A LETTER from Dan Crawford the Southern Provinces, and all persons describes a tour through the difborn in or brought within the Northern ferent stations of his mission, in company Provinces after :March 31, 1901," are with Mr. Haste, the director. He declared to be free persons; that "every speaks especially of the plan to build contract in which it is stipulated or

thirteen new schools where the Bible work in Zululand. In Kimberly mine will be taught, and says: "We spent a work has again begun, but the workers great day out in the suburbs picking out of the Berlin Mission were not allowed likely spots for these buildings." H~ to visit the compounds. The Moravian continues: Mission in Kaffir-land is able to con- tinue its work and has very blessed re- "Picture our gathering to keep the sults.-Evangelisches Missions M agazin. Supper of our Lord with a group of Africans who can quote their New Testament with the clear, crisp touch ISLANDS OF THE PAcn'IC that tells you how the truth holds them America Retain.. the PhlIippines as much as they hold it. It was a THE Phil~ppine bill adopted. by Con- 'blood and bones' spot where the Table gress at Its recent sessIOn IS a new was spread-I mean, an old African Golgotha, the scene of rivers of blood shed fundamental charter of government for by the tyranny of man. Yes, there it the Philippine Islands. A few years ago was we commemorated that other and the United States Congress gave the greater Golgotha, and one of our num- Filipinos an elective Assembly as the ber was a leper, a poor leper, yet she popular branch of a local legislature. has the undying torch ablaze in her eyes! The new law provides for a Senate to To avoid contamination, there was one be elected by popular vote. Under the little touch of realism-I mean, that be- former law the number of voters in the side the one common cup of communion, Philippines has been about 200,000. The there was another tell-tale cup reserved new law so extends the franchise as to for this stricken old woman. And as increase this number to about 800,000. she drank out of her separate one as we The Philippine Commission, whose memout of our one-for-many cup there, then bers are appointed by the President of it was you saw how fitly symbolic it all the United States, becomes a thing of was. For oh! yes, she with her loath- the past under the new law. There will some leprosy had a cup to drink that we remain, however, a Governor-General knew not of, a bitter draught to be and a Vice-Governor, appointed by the drunk by her alone." President. The measure adopted con- tains the preamble, which declares it to Gerlnan MhudoJlIS in Africa be the purpose of the American people to withdraw from the Philippines when THE North German Mission has re- the people of the archipelago are able to ceived word from its station in Keta, conduct their government alone. No Gold Coast, that the British government time is, however, specified.

officials had made prisoners of the mis- sionaries. The ladies of the mission Women in South Sea Heathenism were allowed to return to Germany, THE heathen Tanna women, of the while Rev. Mr. Freyburger is now a New Hebrides Islands, are haggard prisoner with several members of the and drawn in face, with disheveled hair Basel Mission in Alexandra Palace, and dirty bodies. They stand lower in London. popular estimation than pigs. Before the Concerning th~ confiscation of the mission came, their only prospect in life schools of the Berlin Mission in Trans- was unmitigated servitude. To escape vaal and the closing of the seminary in this, death by suicide was a common oc- Botschabelo by the English Government, currence. The method used was to climb no direct news has been received. All a tall cocoanut tree, blindfold the eyes that is known is that the schools have and cast themselves down to be dashed been taken from the German missions to pieces.

and that the missionaries are not allowed On the island of Aneityum, the custom to give instruction in them. The schools of widow strangling was common, and are now under the control of the Com- it was with much difficulty that the mis- missary for natives. Tl.e Hermansburg sionaries persuaded the natives to aban- Mission is still allowed to continue its don it.

MHSSJrONAJRY U1mlRARY

OUR EASTERN QUESTION. America's supersede Japan as leader in the Orient. Cantact with the Orient and the Trend of Relatians with China and Turning another way, China may be japan. Thamas F. Millard. Illus., maps, 543 pp. New York: The Cen- made to transfuse her latent strength tury Company. $3. 1916. and wealth into the veins of Japan and This full volume is a jaurnalistic record and judgment of Far Eastern make Japan the most powerful empire in affairs as he saw them during the Revolution and down almost to the present. the world." There should be a sound Yet Mr. Millard is nO' ordinary jaurnalist, as he has been for five years the moral basis for an international formula editor af The China Press of Shanghai, and before that was correspondent for in China. That basis is equity and jus- American periodicals. Like his other books, this volume is a defense of China tice. The Hay Doctrine is its formula. as against japan's encroachments and as oppased to America's highest interests, That doctrine needs to be enfarced. and it supplies an incentive for a watchf.ul, positive policy an the part af Ameri- This should be done by a consortium, cans. Half af the chapters deal with japan's attitude and aggressions, fallaw- America leading. Such is the gist of his ing three devated to' an accaunt of the Revalutian and reconstructian af China. conclusions. His three maps are very Thase discussing Japan's relation to Great Britain and the United States and suggestive of American possibilities and her world palicy are especially warth reading. Mr. Millard sees real perils to negligence. B. the United States; and preparedness is written large not anly in Chapter XVIII, THE ZULU YESTERDAY AND To-DAY: but elsewhere as well. It may be alleged Twenty-nine Years in South Africa. that the author is an alarmist and that Gertrude R. Hance. Illus. 274 pp. he sees things wrong side up, just as he N ew York, London, Edinburgh: has printed President Yuan's Chinese Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25. 1916. autograph on the frontispiece upside down; but if the reader will carefully A conscientiously faithful record of study Appendixes A to Z, he will see missionary work done during the last that there is a documentary basis under- three decades of the nineteenth century lying his interpretations. in Natal. Miss Hance did not wish to go to Africa at the outset, but her While Dr. Gulick and his addresses years of intimate acquaintance with the and baoks are desirable for showing negro there made her an ardent admirer Americans the Japanese side of the shield, of him, even in his unregenerate days. there is undoubtedly another aspect af It abounds in incident-indeed, there is the Far Eastern Question, and of this little else beyond concrete cases and ex- Mr. Millard is a protagonistic agitator. periences-but the narrative never leaves He believes that "the China question is the common levels. For one who deto japan the most important issue in the sires to know just what missionary life world. By the fate of China, the fate is in its monotonous iterations, this volof japan as a world power will be de- ume is precisely the thing. Like Dr. cided. Turning one way, China by her Nassau's "My Ogowe," Miss Hance has bulk and greater resources in time may made the reader see the real African in his heights and in some of his depths; . and she has also made clear what changes the gospel works in individuals. The various agencies in use in South Africa, from the simplest work in the kraals to the crowning accomplishments of lnanda, Amanzimtote and Wellington's Hugue- not College, are likewise faithfully de- scribed, though always from the view- point of personal experience or obser- vation.

Miss Hance might have made her book more valuable had she done some

generalizing and drawn upon a wider thing important in the Revolution itself. Attempts at social reform, particularly range of knowledge of the Zulu than through its "Evil to Good" institutions for women, according to Chinese testishe has employed. It was in just such mony, come from the Revolution. Pe- king's municipal prison, with its workfields that Evans saw in Zulu kraals and shops, etc., the Boys' Industrial Home and the poorhouse, were other institutribal government such stirring scenes as tions begotten of the new order. Chi- nese radicalism is described as seen or make his volume, "Black and White in heard in a rickshaw orator's talk and as continued in the highest councils of the Southeast Africa," so notable; and Dud- nation, of the Kuo Ming Tang party.

ley Kidd drew much of his fascinating Yuan Shih-Kai's various transforma- tions from President to Emperor are volumes on the Kaffir from this general chronicled, including Dr. Goodnow's advice aiding in the monarchical decision. territory. Fidelity to actual personal Then follow many pages of argument anent this decision which has no value missionary experiences is less desirable in the restoration of today. China's improved financial status, Japan's threatfor the reader than a broader horizon ening hegemony, arguments for Japan and against her case, a roseate future for with less of dim color. B. China-provided Occidental Powers re- strain Japan and if abundant railroad PRESENT-DAY CHINA: A Narrative of mileage is possible-bring the padded a Nation's Advance. Gardner L. volume to a close with the smack of a Harding. Illus. x, 250 pp. New railroad promoter as its climax. B. York: Century Company. $1. 1916. THE LIFE AND WORK OF WILLIAM This is an enthusiastic visitor's book ALBERT MANSELL, Missionary. Rev. on the temper and mind of the Chinese Lewis A. Core. Illus. xiii, map, 201 which in his estimation produced the pp. Madras: Methodist Publishing Revolution. Though unable to get his House, 1914. information through the Chinese language, he had a few English-speaking A strong life for India spanned the Chinese and a number of good friends years lying between 1864 and 1913. among missionaries and others who sup- Mansell was born of missionary parents plied him with information which was in North India and spent his boyhood true to the facts in the case. His en- in sight of the Himalayas, where he thusiasm for Young China has not pre- learned the vernacular with his mother vented his holding a deep respect for tongue-a great asset in his later work. the old regime. At the "mourners' bench" at ten, he resolved to spend his life for India. Woman's part in the Revolution be- Later at Ohio Wesleyan, when he comgan with extravagances like the Amazons pletely surrendered himself to God, he and "Dare to Dies" of IgII and Ig12, turned his back to the temptation to but later developed into such substantial become a professor of philosophy, taught help as carne from Dr. Mary Chang and school and secured after that the trainher nurses, she a mission-trained and ing that Boston University School of trustful Christian. Sophia Chang de- Theology so fully gives. His work in rived her political ideas from a radically India began in 188g and continued until different source, Russian revolutionary in his death. character, and was one of the conspirators of Sun Yat Sen's party. Miss Tang The volume is valuable largely bewas president of the Peking Chinese cause of its detailed statements concern- Suffragette Society and was also a lit- ing this work, especially that done in erary propagator of these ideas, and even dared to demand the vote of the early Nanking legislature. Dr. Yamei Kin did her part through medical work and her propaganda in the United States. The Y. W. C. A. likewise does its part in training women for office work, while Shanghai factories are calling girls and women into the industrial field. While all this is true, the author does not show that it is woman's contribution to any-

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Bareilly Theological Seminary. His China, India, Japan, Persia, Palestine broad culture and power as a preacher, and Northwest Canada. Some valuable his happy way of living with his Indian hints are also given in the account of brethren, work for young people, his Missions at the Home Base. inner circle of friends whom he so enjoyed and blessed, his religious life which THE TRAIL TO THE HEARTS OF MEN. deeply impressed his friends, are other By Abe Cory. Illustrated 12mo. topics which no one could so well chron- 332 pp. Net $1.35. New York: icle as his classmate and fellow worker. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1916. One of Methodism's mighties passed when death called him to a rich reward. In the form of a somewhat melodra- matic novel, Mr. Cory gives a picture of B. the sacrifices and trials, the ideals and successes of missionary life in China. THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH MIs- The hero is brave and noble, and the SIONARY SOCIETY. By Eugene Stock, heroine charming, though wilful. There D.C.L. Volume IV. 8vo. 665 pp. is a villain and a scandal; also a stub- 7S. 6d. Church Missionary Society, born and wealthy father. There are London. 1916. rescues and renunciations, hairbreadth escapes and patients nursed back to life. Dr. Stock, formerly the efficient secre- With all there is a wholesome love story tary of the greatest missionary organiza- and a good picture of missionary life. tion in Great Britain, has rendered a valuable service in this supplementary The novel is one well calculated to volume to his monumental work. He awaken sympathy with missionaries and not only completes the history of the their work. The interest is sustained to Society to the year 1915, but includes the end and the missionary purpose of much valuable extra missionary informa- the story is not too pointedly emphasized. tion. For example, he outlines the de- Young people will be especially intervelopment of Africa as to the political ested and stimulated to noble ideals and division, the liquor traffic, slavery and strength of purpose. other evils. He describes the founding of Gordon College at Khartum and Toys AND THINGS. By Herbert Booth. shows both the British Government's and 12mo. $1 net. George H. Doran, the missionaries' viewpoint on the ques- New York, 1916. tion of religious instruction. Dr. Stock points out that Christian missionaries do These are unique and apt suggestions not ask for interference with the religion for talks to children, but Mr. Booth of Moslems, but they do ask, "Why points the moral too repeatedly and at should the British Government forbid too great length. Dolls, kites, tops, Christians to offer the greatest of all trains, baIls, sleds, etc., are used advanblessings to Moslem subjects, and why tageously in winning the children's inshould the Government favor Islam as terest, but many of the lesons attached against Christianity?" The Koran is are beyond the child's comprehension regularly studied and the Bible is ex- and experience or are otherwise inapprocluded. priate.. For example, the kite is raised by the wind, which to Mr. Booth repre- This history is also valuable for its sents adversity, but to most thinkers illuminating references to other mission- would represent power. Speakers to ary literature and for its many personal little folks can adapt these thoughts and references to missionary workers. illustrated sermonettes to the best advan- tage by taking the objects suggested and The marginal index is of great assist- drawing different lessons from them. ance in finding the pages where various The toys are here drawn from the chilsubjects are treated. The four volumes dren's realm, but many of the lessons of history are of permanent value not only are not. They are, however, capable of to those interested in British missions, such application. but to all who would follow the development of Christianity in Africa, JAPAN: THE NEW WORLD-POWER. Christian missionary work and the higher life and thought of the Japanese By Robert P. Porter. Illustrated. and Korean peoples are almost wholly 8vo. xxiv-789 pp. $2.50 net. Ox- ignored. The voluminous index does ford University Press, London and not list missions at all, and the only New York, 1916. reference made to the missionary enter- prise is a very brief one on pages 42-45, The first edition of this work ap- and that, save for a flippant sentence or peared in 191 I under the title, "The two, relates to the Roman Catholic effort Full Recognition of Japan." The pres- in a former century. And yet the mod- ent revised edition brings the material ern missionary enterprise in Japan and down to date and adds an introductory Korea is one of the most conspicuous survey dealing with Japan's share in the and outstanding features of the present great European war. The book is a re- situation and has been repeatedly recog- markably full and able presentation of nized by the most eminent Japanese facts on the material side of Japan's statesmen as enormously influential. progress and present condition as a That it is possible to make such a study world power. It is particularly rich of Japan and Korea as Mr. Porter has in information as to the transition done without taking missions into con- from old to new Japan, the work of re- sideration reminds one again of the faconstruction, the population, occupations, mous words of Lecky in his "History education, agriculture, the army and of European Morals": "No more did navy, forestry, railways, public works, the statesmen and the philosophers of constitution and laws, trade and com- Rome understand the character and merce, labor and wages, changes in issues of that greatest movement of all Korea and Manchuria, and similar top- history, of which their literature takes ics. The author has done his work with so little notice. That the greatest recare, and when he limits himself to re- ligious change in the history of mankind porting the facts which he has labori- should have taken place under the eyes ously gathered, he impresses us as entirely of a brilliant galaxy of philosophers and reliable. When, however, he ventures historians, and that they should have into the realm of opinion, he makes some treated as simply contemptible an agency strange blunders and shows that he is which all men must now admit to have not above prejudice. For example, it is been, for good or evil, the most powerful almost grotesque to find him referring, moral lever that has ever been applied on page 605, to the Koreans as "sea- to the affairs of men, are facts well thieves" and "semi-pirates," whose con- worthy of meditation in every period of version into peaceful citizens "requires religious transition." as much skill and firmness as to domesticate savages." He adds: "Gentle Taking Mr. Porter's book as a whole, methods, kindness, and diplomacy have its point of view is that of a consular been tried in both instances (Korea and report or a report to a board of trade Formosa), only to be requited by assas- rather than an addition to the literature sination, violence and brutality. Then on Japan. As a report it has large value what the Japanese ingenuously call a in that it presents so many material 'stronger pressure' has been brought to facts, with maps, charts and statistics in bear, and it would be folly to deny that abundance. Thick paper, wide margins hard blows have been dealt alike to and large type have made the volume those who would despoil and assassinate. too bulky and heavy for comfortable But when all milder measures fail, there handling. Nevertheless, every student remains but one method of dealing with of modern Japan will be grateful for armed insurgents and bloodthirsty sav- the immense amount of hard work which ages, and that is to shoot them." A the author has done in collating his facts, writer who does not have a more just even though one may regret that he did comprehension of Korean character and not make the scope of his volume more Japanese policy than such words indi- comprehensive. cate needs to be read with caution.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1916

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

MISSIONAny FI~ES 1. Two of the greatest obstacles to Christian progress in Africa are the low standard of living and the drift of Christians to coast towns. To over- come these obstacles a new missionary organization has been formed to develop a distinctive Christian African civilization. It is the Mandingo Development Association. (See page 416.) 2. Alaska presents a great home missionary opportunity. It is estimated that inside of five years the whole population will reach 500,000 people. There were only 200 white persons in the whole territory less than forty years ago. (See page 466.) 3. Over twelve hundred men-capitalists, lawyers, physicians, professors, editors and business men-from every State in the Union recently met in Washington for a five days' missionary Congress. They paid their own railroad fare and hotel bills, and $5 registration fee, besides taking valuable time from their business. This is a forceful answer to the question: "Do business men believe in missions?" (See page 419.) 4. It is estimated that as many people lose their lives in one year in Africa as a result of witchcraft as were killed in all the armies of Europe in the first year of the war. (See page 449.) 5. Extreme poverty in India prevents the development of a strong Christian Church. Cooperative credit societies are being used by the Rural De- partment of the Y. M. C. A. to solve economic problems and to elevate moral and spiritual planes of life. (See page 442.) 6. The evangelistic campaign among the troops of Egypt, in which 2,000 have been converted recently, send many men out to meet danger and death, equipped with spiritual weapons. (See p'age 460.) 7. The largest Christian Endeavor Society in the world is to be found in the heart of Africa, where nearly two thousand young people of the Bantu race are united in an enthusiastic organization. (See page 461.) 8. Ambassador Morgenthau and the Laymen's Missionary Movement are co- operating with the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee in a cam- paign to raise $5,000,000 for the suffering Christians of the Near East. (See page 460.) 9. Three Indian rajahs have exprest sufficient interest in the work which Mr. Sam Higginbottom-a Presbyterian missionary-is carrying on in Allahabad to offer to support an agricultural missionary in their own territories if he will supply the man. (See page 472.) 10. A Hindu head-master in a native school in India can find no text-book for moral teaching to equal the Bible, and uses it throughout the school. (See page 472.) JOHN R . MOTT JAME.S M. SPEERS 5HA1LE.R MATHEWS &ISHOP f.J.M~CONNELL S.D. GORDON GEO.SHERWOOD EDDY A FEW OF THE MEN WHO ADDRESSED • THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONGRESS • ISSI RY RE IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.6 JUNE, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.6 Old Series New Series 1111111111 1111111111111 1111111111111 1111111111111111–, TO-MORROW IN AFRICA reign? If the messengers of Christ can report progress everywhere as encour- T HE Africa of yesterday was a aging as that in Uganda, in the Kameruns and in British Central dark continent, almost unknown. Africa, there will be brighter days chiefly filled with ignorance, super- ahead for the continent. stttlOn, degradation, slavery and abominations. Then came the Euro- In the Uganda Protectorate, British pean powers and divided the land. East Africa, there has been steady Traders, travelers, soldiers and mis- progress in spite of the war, last sionaries worked to make roads, intro- year nearly 7,400 adults having receivduce commerce, subdue hostile tribes ed baptism, through the Church Misand teach peace and righteousness. sionary Society. The Protestant But the Africa of to-day is a red con- Christian community in the Mission tinent distracted with contending now numbers 114, 570, almost double armies-the battleground of foreign the total of ten years ago; the conforces-Mohammedans fight against tributions of the people have almost Pagans, and British, French, Italian trebled; the students and pupils in the and Belgian against German. The na- schools have more than trebled, There tives see their white fathers leading are now 42 African clergy, and 3,412 them in battle against each other. Christian lay workers.

What wiIl be the Africa of to-mor- Archdeacon Buckley, who recently row? Will it be a white, a black, or a visited the stations in Bukedi, in the yellow continent or a continent in Eastern Province of Uganda, writes: which all races will dwell in brother- "One's heart was filled with thankfulliness and over whom Christ shaIl The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do no't acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. ness for being permitted to see the The general situatiori in Turkey wonderful things that have happened does not improve-~except in a few in this country. When I first visited spots. Russia continues her advances Bukedi there was no African Chris- in the East, but Armenians are still tian, no teacher, no church; all the reported as being slaughtered and depeople were nude, not a yard of cloth ported in some districts-in Tarsus, in the whole nation. And now, to see Konia, and other places. Typhus the great progress, the numbers of rages in Sivas, Harpoot, Aintab, Christians, the floods of teachers, of Aleppo, and probably in other centers. churches, and the progress of civiliza- Relief work is being extended, but of tion-truly God has wrought wonder- course meets only a fraction of tht ful things in this land!" overwhelming need. By conservative estimate there are in Turkey about One of the most encouraging signs 500,000 survivors from the massacres, all over Africa, where missionaries the majority being women and chilhave gone, is the increasing desire for dren generally dependent upon charknowledge and the study of the Bible. ity. The majority of these are entire- There is often a desire for a higher ly unable to work, and in many cases and better life, and through study of the Turkish Government prohibits the New Testament and of the truths them from working or earning a livof Christianity many receive spiritual ing. The deported Armenians have life and become earnest followers of not as yet been allowed to settle down the Lord Jesus Christ. definitely.

MISSIONS AND WAR IN TURKEY Of the 163 regular missionaries connected with the American Board's " FULL to the brim of difficulties Turkish missions, about 70 are out of and even of catastrophes, the year Turkey, and more are likely to fol- low. N one of them, however, are nevertheless has had its advantages," known to be in personal danger. reports the national secretary of the Their presence in Turkey is a gr.eat Young Men's Christian Association help to the surviving Christians, and in Turkey. In spite of the war there a protection to the mission property. has been a remarkable development in student work. Robert College had MOVING CHRISTWARD IN INDIA eight voluntary Bible groups instead of the former two. Anatolia College T HE mass movements in India carried out a work of city-wide Sunday-schools and boy's clubs in a way still continue. "The swing of the that made the whole community take pendulum from intense conservatism notice. St. Paul's College in Tarsus is becoming tremendous in this land," had a revival that grew all year and writes a mIssIonary from India. resulted in bringing two-thirds of the "Only a great religious force can student body into the Association, in save the country, and that force organizing a night school for the must be sent now. It is safe to say young men of the city, in numerous that during the past five years, Engconversions to the Christian life, and lish and American Societies alone decisions to enter the Student Volun- have received into their churches an teer Movement for the ministry." average of 7,000 natives per month,

OF THE TIMES 40

and with those taken in by other to follow him. The work of con- societies at work in India, without serving and developing these gains is doubt the total amounts to about 10,- now going on.

000 converts per month.

S This must not be looked upon as PRESENT-DAY MOVEMENTS IN SIAM a sign of wholesale conversion, for lAM is in many ways a weak na- most of the converts are very ignor- tion and the Siamese are a child- ant and weak, but it is a sign that like people. Nevertheless there are there is a rapid movement toward encouraging signs of progress along Christ among India's 60,000,000 de- many different lines. In the first prest classes. This movement has place the sense of nationality is being doubled in volume during the past strengthened and the language is five years, so that while from 1901 being standardized, so as to make to 1910, converts were baptized at the it possible for the peoples of various rate of about 160 per day, from parts of the land to understand one 1910 to 1914, an average of nearly another.

350 a day were received into the Until 1891 railways did not exist, Christian Church. while to-day they are rapidly being The greatest problem is how to extended so that soon there will be shepherd these sheep. To handle trunk lines which will connect Chieng this immense forward movement and Mai and Trang with Bangkok. For- to train the 20,000,000 children merly there were no highways, except among these masses within the next the rivers, streams, and the rude trails fifteen or twenty years is a task of for pack animals. To-day there is a supreme importance. The evangelis- lengthening system of unifying roads.

tic campaign of the South India Uni- Newspapers have been established, ted Church is also bearing fruit out- postoffice and telegraph facilities im- side its region. After a year of proved. Most important of all, jus- careful preparation of the native tice has been made uniform by modern church; the training of individuals laws and courts.

for personal work; the systematic There is now under way a serious spread of Christian literature; the effort toward popular education. The listing and classifying of those in the great mass of the people is still illiter- towns and villages whom it was ate, but in 1913 there were found hoped to reach, and the call for 969,657 who could read. N ow the voluntary unpaid service emphasized government has taken over the whole as never before, it appears that 8,288 system of schools hitherto conducted Christians gave the Christian message in the Buddhist temples, and has or- in 3,814 towns and villages of the ganized them on the basis of modern Tamil country to people estimated science. The king, who studied in to have numbered 206,900 men and Oxford, has been greatly influenced 104,000 women. As one definite re- by Christian ideas, but unfortunately sult, 8,503 persons in one week ex- has not accepted Christianity for him- prest a desire to study the teacijing self. He is a Buddhist, and com- and power of Christ, and 6,422 mends Buddhism to his people as their exprest a determination to strive national religion. He is striving to

purify the old religion with the new THE RUSSIAN CHURCH AND -to "put new wine into old bottles." PROHIBITION BETTER DAYS FOR HAITI A REMARKABLE memorial, ad- T HE Black Republic is the weakest, drest to the Czar by the Holy Governing Synod of the Russian most ignorant and superstitious re- Church, declares that the prohibition public in the world. Little Protestant of the Use of vodka has placed the mission work has been done there and nation in heretofore unknown conthe country has been subject to many ditions of a new, sober life, and has revolutions. Now the United States bestowed upon Russia countless bene- Government has established a kind of fits. The ancient faith and religious protectorate over the island and there zeal are renewed; the industry of the is hope for better things. population and the productivity of labor have visibly been increased; The English Wesleyan Missionary crimes have diminished; bright holy Society, which has its representatives days are no longer darkened by exin Haiti, is especially interested in the cesses; quarrels have ceased. But recent intervention of the American the memorial goes on to make the government. Rev.]. H. Cartwright, following significant statement: writing of "New Hope for Haiti," says: "In the tumult and general dis- turbance consequent upon the latest "At the same time, the Holy Synod revolution, the affairs of a bank in can not pass over in silence before Haiti under American control fell into your Majesty their sense of anxiety confusion, and other American finan- provoked by the efforts of those so- cial interests were threatened. The caned friends of the public weal, who United States Government acted with are striving to maintain the free sale promptness and efficiency in the crisis. at least of beer and wine." Gunboats were sent, some 1,200 or more marines were landed, and the "Therefore the Most Holy Synod, cust.oms were seized. in the name of the pastors and con- gregations, bowing before the great "It is reported that the United States historical act of your Imperial Ma- Government has refused to renew the jesty directed toward making Russia Concordat with the Church of Rome sober, considers it to be its sacred so that the financial support of the duty to address to you, great Tsar, priests will be withdrawn by the Hai- the universal prayer that the protian government. Surely there will be hibition of all alcholic drinks should a great opportunity for advance on the in the future preserve its active part of Protestant Missions under the power for the weal and salvation of new conditions." The need is great. your faithful Russian people." Savage practises are rife in the island. Heathenism, with some of its worst It is evident that the driving out horrors, is strongly entrenched in the of the evil spirit of vodka in Rusnative mind and heart, and there are sia will not bring the desired results.

to be seen worse examples of heathen The Spirit of God must possess the superstition in Haiti than in West people if other evil spirits are to Africa. remain excluded.

OF THE

PROMo.TING INTERNATIONAL lives in their efforts to save life, re- FRIENDSHIP lieve suffering and save men's souls.

NOT only is there a very in- PROGRESS OF THE STUDENT fluential work being conducted VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT in America to promote international friendship, but Dr. G. A. Simons, WHILE the warring nations, and superintendent of the Russian Metho- even the United States authori- dist Mission, tells of a "Society for ties, are bending their efforts to se- Promoting Mutual Friendly Rela- cure recruits for their armies, the tions between Russia and America," work of obtaining volunteers for for- which counts among its members eign missionary forces is steadily pro- many American residents in Petro- gressing. The recent report of the grad. Baron Rosen, ex-ambassador Student Volunteer Movement shows to the United States, is president of that since its organization thirty the organization. At the same time years ago 6,490 of these young men in the United States, the Russian and young women volunteers have Orthodox Church is ministering to gone to their fields, sent Ollt by the 465,000 Russian immigrants, and is Missionary Boards of North Amer- building churches, chapels and edu- ica. Last year 329 volunteers reached cational institutions. their fields abroad. This seems a very The American Red Cross Society insignificant number compared with maintained for a year a hospital in military recruits, but each missionary Kiev, and when it was abandoned, represents a spiritual force whose in- Americans III Petrograd retained fluence is incalculable.

some of the American surgeons The Movement now uses twelve and nurses and continued to raise traveling secretaries, who last year funds for its support. made over seven hundred visits to in- Every m1sslOnary society is a stitutions of higher learning in the peace organization and is helping to United States and Canada. The weld the nations into one. The mission study classes number 2,458, World's Sunday School Association and have an enrolment of 15,878 and the American Bible Society sent men and 21,664 women. The money considerable money to Petrograd for given has also been considerable. Out supplying Russian Gospels to the of 1,020 institutions reporting, 682 soldiers, and the new American contributed $218,652.81 last year to Gospel Committee for Work Among missions-most of it from the stu- War Prisoners is sending some thou- dents-a source untouched thirty sands of dollars to give Bibles and years ago. The largest sums were tracts to Russian prisoners in Ger- given by Yale, University of Penn- many. sylvania, and Princeton, but the Vhile some people in America largest per capita gifts came from have apparently been chiefly in- preparatory schools.

terested in making money by deal- This missionary work among stu- ing in war supplies and war stocks, dents not only supplies recruits for the many others unstintingly have given frontier posts, but it deepens the themselves, their money and their spiritual life of our schools and col-

leges, it educates young men and much enthusiasm, and ·Dr. F. B. young women to take a broader in- Meyer moved that the council should terest in their brothers abroad and in "record its strong approval of the the extension of the Kingdom of principles and proposals outlined in God. Many who never leave the the presidential address." This was homeland have their horizon broad- carried amid cheers without a dissentened and new impulses stirred; their ing voice, and the executive commitprayer-life is awakened and they tee of the council was directed to learn to give and are led into more bring the plan to the attention of the self-sacrificing service at home. They representative national body in each are drawn out of narrow provincial- connection for indorsement. ism to become advocates of worldwide Christianity. The Student V01- T UNION OF FORCES IN UTAH unteer Movement is a blessing to the HE movement toward comity individual volunteers, to the I,Sao among home mission workers, colleges and other educational insti- which, on a national scale, finds extutions, to the Mission Boards, to pression in the Home Missions the Church at home, and to the many Council, is being strikingly illustramultitudes in foreign lands whither ted within the boundaries of a single they have gone. state by the Utah interdenomi- national Commission, a federation of CHURCH UNION FOR ENGLAND the Baptist, Congregational, Epis- copal, Methodist, and Presbyterian WHILE Church union is quies- forces. This has been organized to cent in Canada and is being the end that a united front may be presented in the face of a common discust at conferences in the United enemy, and that by the prevention of States, the twenty-first annual meeting a useless duplication of churches, the of the National Free Church Council strength of the various denominaof England (in Bradford) was dis- tions may be concentrated at four tinguished for the official sanction points. which it gave to the ideal of a "United Free Church of England." The personnel of the commission consists of two representatives from Rev. J. H. Shakespeare, one of the each religious body participating, plus the respective secretaries ex ofeminent English Baptist clergymen, ficio, whose honorary membership who for six years has been arguing makes possible a touch between local for such a union of the nonconformist work and missionary boards. An andenominations, was the chairman, and nual meeting of the commission afhis opening address was a strong pre- fords opportunity for the preparasentation of the possibility and wisdom tion of a single program for the year of a "federal union" of all the free and an apportionment of responsibil~ churches. Such a federal church ity based upon the common judgunder a united board of strategy could ment of all. Eventually the budgets at least dose unnecessary chapels in of the participating denominations the villages, and force the membership will be merged. into a single congregation in each place.

The address was received with very

~ COMIN.G

June May 29th to June 5th-Women's School of Home Missions, Denton, Tex. 2d-The 15th anniversary of the death of George L. Mackay, 1901.

2d to 5th-Inter-Church Conf. on Christian Cooperation, Atlantic City, N. J.

4th to .11th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Convention, Toronto, Canada. 5th to lOth-Women's Summer School of MissionS', Oklahoma City, Okla., 5th to 12th-Women's Summer School of Home Missions, Los Angeles, Cal. 6th to 16th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C.

6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Students Summer Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C..

7th to 14th-Conf. of Missionaries of Pres. Ch. in U. S. A., New York, N .. Y. 14th to 20th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, St. Paul, Minn. 14th to 20th-"Women's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Minneapolis, Minn. 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Train. Sch., New York. 20th to 25th–China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Onto 22d to 30th-Women's Summer School of Home Missions, Omaha, Neb. 23d to 30th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Convention, Nyack, N. Y. 23d to 30th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 23d to July 3d-Woma~'s Summer School of Foreign Miss., Silver Bay, N. Y. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to 30th-Convention Anti-Saloon LeagUe in America, Indianapolis, Ind. 26th to July 6th-Missionary Ectucation Movement Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 27th to July 7th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Eagles Mere, Pa 29th-The 120th anniversary of the birth of John Williams, 1796. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 30th to July 9th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conv., Binghamton, N. Y.

July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of the Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 5th to 12th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 14th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 14th to 21st-Woman's Summer School of For. Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 14th to 28th-Mi5sionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Col.

15th to 24th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Princeton, N. J.

16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836. 17th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Pen Mar, Pa. 17th to 24th–Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Ridgeview, Pa. 20th-The 75th anniversary of the Founding of Lovedale Institute, So. Africa.

for THE MISSIONARY REVIE.W OF 'IHE

THE SUDAN AND THE lIANDINGO COUNTRY. WEST AFRICA

CHRISTIAN FAMILY IDEALS IN

Mr. and Mrs. Hilford and little son. First example of Christian family among 10,000,000 Mandingo people Solving the African Problem BY M. R. fIILFORD, OF WEST AFRICA Managing Director of the Mandingo Development Association II]N the heart of Africa This article is written in the hope there are fifty millions that a fuller and wider discussion of of people, not only this appalling situation may lead to unreached, but with- some definite action being taken to- out any e x i 8 tin g ward speedily entering this vast re- agency having their gion with the Word of God. For evangelization in contemplation, 80 far fourteen years I have made a close as any actual projected plans and study of the missionary situation in hopes are concerned. Africa, and have spent two years in active missionary service on one of Bishop Hartzell recently exprest the most interior stations along two the opinion, which was concurred in thousand miles of the West Coast. by officers of four leading mission Would to God that the hearts of the boards, that, "Depending on present readers might be stirred as was mine agencies and methods on the West as I stood there in the Western Su- Coast there is no possibility, humanly dan looking out to the eastward and speaking, of those millions in the in- realized that I might travel in a terior being reached in this genera- straight line for over three thousand tion."

miles without meeting a single mis- remarkably well developed mentally sionary of the Gospel. as well as physically. The tribes of the southern portion are usually small, This t<erritory under consideration numbering from only a few thousand is bounded on the north by the Sahara in some cases up to several hundred Desert, and on the south by the Gulf thousand in others. The northern of Guinea and the upper reaches of tribes frequently number a million, the Kongo, and stretches from the while some are very powerful. The Atlantic to the Nile. It is over three Hausas, with their five million, domithousand miles from east to west with nate the greater part of the Central an average width of eight hundred Sudan. The Fulahs number perhaps miles. While some parts of it con- seven million, and with their unique ~ist of jungle-covered lowlands and ability as rulers gained control of dense forests, the greater portion com- large territories not occupied by their prises high tablelands where are found own people. The Mandingos are the sources of the Niger, the Senegal, estimated at ten millions, and their in- Gambia, Benue, and Shari. The fluence, especially in matters of trade coastal regions are especially notorious and religion, extends over the entire for their deadly climate, probably the Western Sudan. Arabic influence is worst to be found in the whole world, felt throughout the northern portion but the higher plateau country is much of the region, but in the Eastern Sumore open, and the climate is com- dan it easily predominates over all paratively healthful. It is not, and others. perhaps never will be, what is termed a "White Man's Country," but with The religious divisions correspond proper precautions white people can very closely to the racial. In the work there without great danger. south Paganism is still universal, for most of the people are in the grip of Most of the territory is under the their fetish worship and fearful supercontrol of France. England controls stitions. In the north and east Mothe remainder with the exception of a hammedanism prevails and great Mosmall portion under Germany. Inter- hammedan empires have existed there tribal warfare and slave-raids, which for centuries. used to be the curse of the whole of Africa, have been wiped out complete- It has been said that Mohammedanly. The lives and property of white ism is the only religion that challenges people there are as safe as they are in the progress of Christianity in the America or England. world to-day. Certain it is that while Christianity is enlarging its foothold The people of this vast region can along the coast and penetrating into be divided, roughly speaking, into two the interior at what sometimes seems racial divisions. In the southern por- a snail's pace, Mohammedanism, like tion are found numerous small tribes a tidal wave from the north, is sweepof typical negroes. Altho their lan- ing down through the breadth and guages are quite distinct, their physi- heart of the c0'11tirlent. Straight cal characteristics are much the same. through this vast and unoccupied field In the northern portion the tribes are runs the crest of the wave of advancmuch stronger and the people are a better physical type; some tribes being ing Mohammedani.sD11 with a rapidly

THE AFRICAN PROBLEM

receding line of unresisting Paganism. be found in any other part of Africa, During my sojourn on this dividing ranging from the most debased canline, I saw village after village turn nibal tribes among the raw Pagans Mohammedan. Twenty-five years of the southern part, to the most highago a fierce conflict was waged against ly developed and fully organized Mothe Moslem invaders, but the whole hammedan civilization of the northern country was depopulated and devas- territories. Here are located more tated. One can still travel for two large cities of native origin than are days through a fertile country without to be found in any other part of seeing a single habitation. I have Africa.· Their language ranges from MR. HILFORD'S PIONEER MISSION STATION IN WEST AFRICA traveled through this wilderness, as the crudest form of human speech to it is called, and passed the old sites of the highly organized Hausa language, numerous towns and villages. which they have even reduced to writ- ing on a larger scale than any other Each year an increasingly larger negro language. The position of portion of the map of Africa has to women indicates the ethical and moral be painted green, the color of the status of the people. There is little False Prophet. The influence of variation to be found in the whole Islam has often been termed "wither- of Africa. Polygamy is universal, and ing," and so it is, in comparison with real home and family life consequently the beneficent influence of the Gospel out of the question, while morality is of Christ; but, in comparison with the an unknown quantity. darkness and degradation of Paganism, the Crescent is an uplifting in- The industrial development of these fluence. regions also displays a very wide range. There are small isolated tribes The social status of these people with practically no intercourse with presents a greater contrast than is to

the outside world; while the more ad- Missionary Work vanced portions of the central north have had commercial relations with In various parts of Africa almost the outside world across the great every conceivable kind of missionary desert for many centuries. Gold, tin, work has been attempted. Perhaps and iron have been produced for their in no other mission field in the world has purely evangelistic work been BEGINNING OF A MISSION SCHOOL-FIRST PUPILS tried with such meager results. The appeal of the Great Dark Continent own use by the natives from the has called forth a large number of earliest times; likewise their hand- independent missionaries, who, with woven cotton cloth and beautifully great heroism have sought the redyed leather have been known to com- demption of Africa through simple merce. In some parts agriculture has preaching, but–as a recent consular reached a high stage of development, report puts it, "They come, they suffer, altho their implements are most primi- and die." tive, and all labor is performed by hand. In most sections of this coun- Educational work is being contry cattle-raising is carried on very ducted extensively in Egypt, South extensively, and it is the one industry Africa, and at a few points along the that would seem to hold the best pros- west coast where civilization' has alpects for future development. ready established itself: but in the in- terior there is so little upon which to build educational work that th~ schools are all elementary.

Medical work is more needed in Africa than perhaps in any other field, and is being carried on usually in a small way by nearly every missionary agency at work there.

Recently there has been a growing conviction that industrial training is a vital necessity for the black people, but how to utilize this method to its best advantage constitutes a problem that few agencies profess 00 have solved. In fields where any outstand- ing success has been achieved, com- binations of several of these methods have been used.

A study of the conditions prevailing in this vast unoccupied area of Africa reveals a situation that limits the ef- fectiveness of anyone of the usual methods of operation. Possibly this may account, in part at least, for the appalling destitution of mission work in those regions at present.

SOLVING THE AFRICAN

It may be well to ponder the lesson receive the good seed of the Gospel taught by the Master himself in the and bring forth fruit abundantly. This parable of the Sower and the Seed. has been abundantly proven in LJganda, It was only when the seed fell upon where in a single generation there has good ground that it brought forth been achieved such remarkable success fruit abundantly. The farmer of to- in missionary endeavor. Here, through day knows that good ground, as far the transforming power of the Gospel, as it relates to crop production, is a the whole country has emerged from MANDINGO GIRLS, SHOWING NATIONAL GARMENT AND HEADDRESS relative term, and depends more upon the deepest depths of Paganism and the preparation and care given a field has arisen to the level of a Christian than upon the inherent fertility of and civilized community. the soil itself. The once worthless sands of Florida become "good The evangelistic method has a great ground" when properly fertilized; the opportunity at home because of the arid plains of the West become "good fact that the people hear the Word ground" when the proper methods of gladly. But preser.t prevailing condidry farming are applied; even the tions of native life there are such that desert lands of the southwest become it is extremely difficult for the natives "good ground," and exceedingly pro- to make any marked progress toward ductive when the water is lead to it a higher plane of life, no matter how through the irrigation ditches. Even sincere their desires may be. The so, dark, superstitious, sinful Africa settlements and missions in the slums can, by proper methods, be made to of this country find that a change of environment is necessary for the con-

vert before lasting results are to be gamy continue to be a necessary part expected; much more is this true in of the economic life of the African, Africa. By the help of previous train- and undoubtedly the greatest single ing, numerous examples and a preva- obstruction to missionary work. lent Christian atmosphere, a man here is frequently able to effect this change The writer has had experience in a without assistance. But in Africa the region of interior Africa where the previous life and training have been evangelistic method of missionary savagery, the uniform example is raw work had been used to the practical exheathenism, and the universally pre- clusion of all others, with the result vailing influences are so degrading that after twenty years of earnest efthat it is practically impossible for a fort, there were not a half dozen naman, unaided, to change his own en- tive Christians in good standing in the vironment, no matter how thorough entire mission; there was scarcely a his change of heart may be. As long native in the whole world who could as the short-lived mud huts are built read intelligently in either his own or by the laborious methods now em- the English language; there was no ployed, just so long will from ten to development of normal home life; no fifteen people of both sexes, all ages, nucleus of a Christian community. It and all relationships, live in the one seems certain that until some way is small windowless room. As long as found for the establishment of normal the people herd together in this way, home and family life among these so long will the gross immorality people in addition to the preaching of abound and clean living for the na- the Gospel, the progress of missionary tives be out of the question. As long work will continue to be slow and as men live like the beasts, just so costly. long will they act like beasts. The opportunity for effective edu- Africans as a rule are an agricul- cational work is very limited in these tural people, but their mt;.thods are interior regions. In the first place it most primitive. All work is done by takes years to reduce the languages to hand, usually the hands of the women written form, and then the people first and children. Woman's primary po- have to be taught to read. Along the sition is not that of mother and home- Coast and at points where the influma.ker, consequently this is a land ence of the Europeans is strong, their without homes. Most of their lan- respective languages are coming into guages have no word for home, and more and more common use, and here under present social and industrial is an opportunity where educational conditions a conception of home life, work can be carried on to advantage. in its true sense, is unattainable. Just But there are serious drawbacks to as long as the women are beasts of this work. In many instances these inburden and the size of a man's farm stitutions of learning seem to have as depends upon the number of his wives, their objective the transforming of so long will the men take to them- primitive Africans into polished selves as many wives as they can get, Americans or Europeans. Some inin spite of the preaching and teaching stitutions take natives out of raw of the missionary, so long will poly- heathenism, and train them till they receive the same degrees as are

16 ] SOLVING THE AFRICAN

earned in the universities of England. ing wedge by means of which the Does this training fit them to go back people can be induced to listen to the to their own people and lift them up? Gospel, but in these regions no such Far from it; in most cases the farther wedge is needed, as the hearing acthey can get away from their old vil- corded the Gospel is all that could be lages with their misery and squalor, desired. Medical work here can find the better they are pleased. Are they its greatest field of usefulness after . …

A TYPICAL TOWN SCENE IN WEST AFRICA to be blamed? All this culture forms the confidence of the people has been a great gulf between them and their gained through association with them people and even if they did go back in other lines of activity. there is little chance for them to lift their people to a higher plane. This In recent years the imperative necestask is too great for individual effort, sity for industrial training in conjuncand can best be brought about by care- tion with the regular missionary work fully organized and sustained opera- has been clearly recognized. A large tions. number of agencies have established industrial schools, and large, but often Medical work, so useful in all mis- false hopes were built upon this sion fields, is especially valuable in method. One veteran missionary Africa, and rightfully occupies a place writes, "The error lay in training of importance in missionary activity. exotic carpenters and joiners, who at Frequently it is regarded as an open- once left their own tribes and went

far ahead to return never, never ted the evangelization of the Dark more." Continent. But it is a striking fact that now, after a hundred years of I traveled on the same steamer with effort, there is such a vast area, conan old missionary who was superinten- taining a third of the population of the dent of one of these schools. He was continent still utterly unreached, and, thoroughly discouraged with the pro- seemingly, unreachable, in this generaposition and said, "Our Board is tion at least. On the West Coast there spending twelve thousand dollars a is a stretch of country from the Seneyear on that school, but it is getting gal River downward for two thousand us nowhere." Questioned about the miles where mission work has been conditions he said, "We turn out large especially slow and costly. To this numbers of tailors, carpenters and day half of this coastal strip is unprinters but as soon as they graduate touched, and in the rest of it the radius off they go to the Coast and our mis- of missionary activity reaches inland sion is not built up at all." scarcely more than a hundred miles.

This is a typical situation, and what What Can Be Done else could be expected? What opportunity is there for men to ply the A consideration of the present situatrades of tailor, carpenter, or printer, tion, naturally leads to the question, in the African jungle? What can those Vhat can be done towards solving the with any ambition do but go where difficult problem of the evangelization they can utilize their training, even of these untouched millions who now tho the influence of the mission is left sit in darkness? behind? The training and help that the native needs is something that will It might be that an enterprise having help him to develop his country as its main object the reaching of these through cultivation, and the utilization millions through the instrumentality of its unused wealth of natural pro- of the daily 'home life of its agents, ducts. With this as a foundation the both foreign and native, might contain way is then open for better houses, possibilities for great usefulness. It better clothes, schools, churches, and would seem that the greatest of all the other things that are essential emphasis ought to be placed upon the to life on a higher plane. What is development of normal home and needed is the development of these family life among these people as the things from the bottom upward, in- most efficient way of reaching them stead of from the top downward. with permanent uplifting influence. In discussing these problems, the This is the only thing that can pro- President of one of the most influ- duce an indigenous Christian civilizaential Mission Boards in America tion, and in its development lies the said to the writer, "I believe these only hope of the unreached portions things are true. Our Mission has been of interior Africa. trying to build from the top downward with no foundation at all." The Mandingo Development Association Various combinations of these dif- There has recently been formed an ferent methods have been used by mis- organization for the specific purpose sionary agencies which have attemp- of attempting the solution of this great

THE AFRICAN

African problem along the broad lines trial methods, medical and sanitary indicated in the preceding paragraphs. measures, together with educational It is known as the Mandingo Develop- and religious work. All the products ment Association, and its field of of the industrial operations will, as far operations will be the territories of the as possible, be marketed at a profit by powerful Mandingo peoples in the the Association; so linking up all these western portion of the great unoccu- various activities with economic depied area indicated on the map. velopment as to render the whole en- terprise self-supporting and self-pro- The aim of the Association is not pagating. merely to introduce the Gospel into the existing forms of social life among The method to be employed in the these people, neither is it to be an achievement of the purpose of this THE FIRST WHITE BABY AT A WEST AFRICAN MOTHER'S MEETING Contrasting native women with white woman and first white child seen in that section effort to transform the primitive na- association is a combination of the tives into Europeans or Americans. most effective measures now being The object of this enterprise is the used by existing agencies. All the development of a distinctive Christian objects of the present Christianizing African civilization; a civilization that and civilizing agencies are so interis adapted to the needs of the people, related that their most efficient achievedeveloped in the country itself, ment should doubtless be sought tothrough the instrumentality of the gether, and in the most direct manner people themselves, and permeated by possible. This the Mandingo Developthe teachings of Jesus Christ. ment Association proposes to do.

The attainment of this ideal will be Social betterment will be sought by sought through direct operations for wiping out the old, degrading order the betterment of social conditions, im- of things, and the institution of a new proved agricultural and native indus- and better way of living. The pre-

vailing grossly immoral condition of divided illto small parcels, each to be the natives can be improved only by developed into a model farm; with the establishment of normal home decent buildings of permanent maand family life among them. A second terials, equipped with improved farm measure of vital importance is the abo- implements and well stocked with catlition of the present small, windowless tle. Each farm will be placed in the mud huts and the introduction of im- charge of a carefully chosen and welIproved and decent housing conditions. paid native family; and the family will . Just as long as women are the beasts be the unit of all operaticms rather of burden, polygamy, with its train of than the individual. The most proevils, will continue to abound. Poly- mising ones will receive special and gamy can be abolished only when it extended training fitting them to be ceases to be an economic necessity. teachers of their own people. The or- This can best be brought about by the dinary people, when well grounded in introduction of improved agricultural the new life, will be placed out among and industrial methods; in order to the native towns as concrete examples accomplish this it will be necessary to of the better way of living, but will place these upon a sound commercial remain in the employ of and under the basis. supervision of the Association as long as they will do so. Thus' in a few A fully qualified medical man will years there will be a regular outflow of look after the physical welfare of the trained and seasoned native agertts gopeople and instruct them in hygienic ing to the distant sections of the counand sanitary matters. Not only will try carrying and living a gospel for instruction be given but the application the spirit, soul and body. In this manof these measures will be enforced. ner, in concrete form and by the most direct method possible, the develop- Elementary educational work for ment of a Christian African civilizaboth children and adults will be carried on, and attendance on the part of * ti.on will be attempted. the latter will be a part of their regular duties. It is hoped that this Association may have an interest in the prayers of the Religious instruction will be given readers of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW daily in addition to the regular Christian services; but the idea is to inwl- OF THE WORLD. cate the teachings of Jesus into the lives of the people by concrete example *The Association has been incorporated by special and daily practise rather than by preaching. Act of the New York Legislature. The Board of The practical accomplishment of Directors includes Dr. H. B. Frissell. Pres. of these things will be made possible by Hampton Inst.. Dr. Josiah Strong, Pres. of the the establishment of a community on Amedcan Inst. for Social Service~ Dr: .Talcott a large tract of land altogether sepa- Williams. of Columbia University. Dr. Wilham Jay rate from the native town, and under the complete control of the agents of Schieffelin of the International Committee of the the Association. The land will be Y. M. C. 'A.• Mr. D. L. Pierson Editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, Dr. J. H DiJ1ard, of the Prot- estant Episcopal Board, Pres. of the J eans Fun~, and Director of the Slater Fund. Mr. Mornay Wtl· Iiams ~fofthteheLBayampteinst's Board. and one of the faun· ders Missionary Movement, Rev. J. Franklin Clark, Dr..E, C. MeyeT. of the ~nteT' national Health CommiSSion, lfr. Charles GIbson, of tbe Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcora1 ~hurch, Mr. Emmett J. Soot!, of Tus· kegee Institute.

Men's Congress of

WHEN TWELVE HUNDRED LAYMEN TOOK WASHINGTON BY STORM BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON .H:i~s70n~:y t~:m~i~~~: on a sight-seeing tour, but spent from Meeting?" ~sked a eight to nine hours a day listening in- They did not come to Washington I J~ clerks in the Hotel sure often spent eating time and late~ stranger of one of the tently to addresses, and for good mea- Raleigh, Washington, night hours in committees and con- one day during the last week in April. ferences. They were there for busi- "I don't know," was the reply, "but ness.

there's some sort of a religious meet- The Two Congresses-A Contrast ing on every floor of this hotel-the place is full of these missionary men.'· A casual visitor to this Laymen's Twelve hundred and forfy-five men Missionary Congress and to the registered for the great national "Lay- United States Senate and House of men's Missionary Congress," that Representatives could not have failed came as a fitting and powerful climax to be struck by the contrast: to the seventy-five conventions held The delegates to the former paying during the past six months in as many their own way and entrance fees be- cities with their total registration of side; the Congressmen under salary over 100,000 MEN. These twelve hun- with extra allowances for expenses.

dred men came to Washington from The missionary men voting to give every State in the Union-from as their own money for unselfish, Christ- far away as Texas, twelve from Cali- like service; the Congressmen voting fornia, from Canada and Europe, and other people's money for national pur- missionaries on furlough from Africa poses-and sometimes, it must be con- and six Asiatic countries. They rep- fest, with self-interest uppermost.

resented over twenty-five Protestant The Missionary Congress crowded denominations besides sixty-one "un- at three sessions a day, with scarcely classified." The largest number came time to eat and sleep, the delegates from the Methodist Episcopal Church listening intently to the careful argu- (240), and the next from the Protes- ments of other laymen showing why tant Episcopal, I7I-evidently a they should devote themselves more bishop's oversight is good for mission- unreservedly to the peace and spiritual ary interest. salvation of all mankind. The United Most of these 1,245 men paid for States Congress was noteworthy for the privilege of coming. They paid its empty seats except at roll call, and $5 registration fee, railroad fare, those few present not listening to the hotel bills and in addition took from arguments in favor of some bill which four days to three weeks away from mayor may not be for the benefit of their business-at very considerable the nation and the world.

cost to some of them. The missionary men planning ear-

nestly to return home to stir up their the last decade and with an adfellows to larger giving of self and dress by Dr. John R. Mott on "Amersubstance, to more devoted service to ica's Added Responsibility Due to the Church and State, and to a deeper War." President Woodrow Wilson realization of the value of spiritual life sat on the platform during this sesand power. The Representatives and sion. The closing meeting on Sunday Senators too often planning how they evening was one of power, with a precan please their constituencies and sentation of the "Material Resources," make sure of re-election. by President J. Campbell White, and The Purpose ancI Plan of the "Spiritual Forces," by Robert For what purpose did these twelve E. Speer. Between these sessions hundred .busy men come together? there were feasts of good things, Not to legislate, not to investigate, not three times a day, with unusual to debate-they came together for the missionary motion pictures, private distinct purpose of gaining a clearer conferences and denominational dinvision of the spiritual needs of the ners for good meaure. Nothing vital world, of strengthening the bonds to power and practical results seemed uniting them to Jesus Christ, of learn- to have been omitted. One of the most ing how they might more adequately stirring sessions was that on Sunday help carry out His commission to afternoon when Mr. N. W. Rowell, evangelize the world and how more leader of the Liberal Party in the fully realize His promise: "I am with Canadian Parliament, spoke on "Enyou all the days." listment for Service"; Mr. S. D. Gor- don, the well-known author of "Quiet The details of the program and set- Talks," emphasized the "Power of ting of the Congress were all ar- Prayer to Accomplish Things," and ranged to accomplish this purpose- Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, of the Protthe beautiful :Memorial Continental estant Episcopal Church, showed Hall with its simple white assembly ""1itnessing as a Basis for Effective room; the Association quartet that Lay Servce." combined musical harmony and message to make a spiritual impression; Who's Who Among the Speakers the convention hymnal with its wellselected hymns sung under the helpful Any visitor to the Congress must leadership of Mr. E. VV. Naftzger; have been imprest by the personnel the devotional periods, and the speak- not only of the speakers, but of the ers best fitted to stir the heart and delegates. They are men of large convince the intellect by logic and ex- influence and big business responsiperience-each of these ele:nents bility; manufacturers, merchants, lawhelped to make men think, to inspire yers, brokers, bankers, physicians, them to pray, and to stimulate them professors, editors, and heads of corfor sacrificial service. porations. They are men accustomed to large programs, and recognize that The Congress began on Wednesday the King's missionary business is the evening (April 26th), with a re- greatest and most important business port of the Progress of the Lay- in the world. men's Missionary Movement during

MEN'S CONGRESS OF MISSIONS

Robert E. Speer is a graduate of Dr. John F. Goucher, for many Princeton University, and is now the years president of the Woman's Colsenior secretary of the Presbyterian lege of Baltimore, has made large in- Board of Foreign Missions. He is vestments in India of prayer and the author of about fifty volumes- money. His report on dividends re- Missions, Bible Study and Biography, ceived challenges attention. -and was the presiding officer at the recent Congress on Christian Work in Ex. Lt.-Gov. A. J. Wallace, of Cali- Latin America. He has lately returned fornia, is an outstanding Christian from a world tour. layman and traveler, who has studied Dr. John R. Mott, a graduate of especially the problems of the West- ern Coast of America. Cornell University, is the influential chairman of the Continuation Com- Bishop McConnell, of the Methomittee of the Edinburgh Missionary dist Episcopal Church, is a thoughtful Conference, and general secretary of student of some of America's great the International Committee of the problems. After the Panama Con- Y. M. C. A. He has visited prac- gress he conducted the Mexican Antically all the European nations now nual Conference in Mexico City. at war and almost all the countries in the world. James M. Speers, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Laymen's Dr. Shailer Mathews is a leader in Movement and of the Congress, is the study of a man's obligations to his president of James McCutcheon and neighbor. He has recently returned Company, New York, and active in from his remarkable trip to Japan many forms of Christian service. where he had a unique opportunity for observation. W. E. Doughty is the Educational Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary George Sherwood Eddy, a graduate Movement, editor of "Men and Misof Yale, was a missionary in India. sions," author of "Call of the World," He has just completed an evangelistic and "Efficiency Points." He led a team campaign in India, and tells of phases in twenty-seven conventions in the of mission work that are absolutely National Campaign. new and must have thoughtful attention. He is the international Y. M. Prof. Harry F. Ward is Professor C. A. secretary for Asia. of Social Service in Boston Univer- sity, Secretary of the Methodist Fed- Dr. E. M. Poteat, the president of eration for Social Service and of the Furman College, Greenville, South Social Service Commission of the Carolina, has made a deep study of the Federal Council of Churches. Author Christian's use of property and the of "Social Evangelism," "Poverty and opportunities offered for investment. Wealth," and other books.

J. Campbell White, now president Rev. Herbert J. Johnson is a Bap- of Wooster College, is best known as tist pastor from Boston. He has the efficient and inspiring leader in given over a year as an honorary misthe Laymen's Movement for years, sionary speaker, loaned for this purafter ten years among the students of pose by his church. India. Mr. W. B. Millar is General Secre- tary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, the organizer and direct-

ing genius of the National Campaign. missionary service, many have person- Five years ago he came to the Move- ally visited the mission fields, and the ment from the Army and Navy De- gifts reported to foreign missions partment of the Young Men's Chris- alone have increased 100 per cent. tian Association. Moreover, the spiritual life of many members has been quickened as a re- Mr. Fred B. Fisher was for a time sult and churches have awakeped to a pastor of the First Methodist Church keener sense of their responsibility. in Boston, then in India as a mission- In fourteen denominations the gifts to ary, then District Secretary under the foreign missions have increased $5,- Methodist Foreign Board in succes- 000,000, to home missions $8,000,000. sion to Bishop Homer C. Stuntz, and and to local church expenses $38,000.- now one of the general secretaries of 000 since the movement started. the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Then~ are now ten secretaries who de- vote all their time to the interdenomi- Rev. S. Harrington Littell passed national work and the annual budget through the thrilling experiences of of expense is about $75,ooo–met by the Boxer outbreak of 1900 and the private gifts of interested laymen. exciting days of the Revolution of There are also laymen's organizations 191 1. For seventeen years he has been in Canada and Great Britain, and in a missionary of the Episcopal Church America seventeen denominations in China. have their own special secretaries.

Mr. George Innes is a business man The Laymen's Missionary Congress whQ is devoting his life to missions. summoned the men of the Church After a trip around the world, he to advance. A representative comturned much of his business over to mittee, of which Mr. E. L. Shuey, of others and noW gives most of his time Dayton, Ohio, was chairman, preto the enlistment of laymen in what sented an extended report which inhe regards as the biggest and most im- cluded the following recommendaportant business in the world. He is honorary secretary of the Board of tions: Trustees of Cairo University. 1. The General Committee to be The Past and the Future enlarged to include representatives from all parts of the country, and an The Laymen's Missionary Move- extension of divisional organization. ment was started in a missionary prayer meeting in New York City on 2. Continued emphasis on the every November IS, 1906, the one hun- member canvas, stewardship and edudredth anniversary of the Haystack prayer-meeting at WiIliamstown. In cation. less than ten years the laymen's move- 3. Efforts to enlist young men in ment has grown to remarkable proportions. In two national campaigns the work, and to extend the influence there has been a registration of 175,- 000 men and between two and three to rural communities. thousand men's conferences and con- 4. Laymen's work among colored ventions have been held. Thousands of laymen have been called into active people of the South and elsewhere. 5. More conventions for ministers similar to that held in Rochester in December, 1914.

MEN'S CONGRESS OF MISSIONS 42

6. Other conventions in cities not ada with less than one tenth our popureached during the recent campaign. lation is sending 300,000 men to fight and die in Europe. Weare asking 7. A missionary press agency and too little for the cause of Christ and the enlargement of Men and Missions. the salvation of the world-J. Camp- bell White. 8. The formation of more denominational committees of the movement *** and denominational conventions. All the miIIions of men III the 9. The extension of the movement armies of Europe, and all the wealth to European and other countries as of the world-without God-are unsoon as conditions permit. equal in power to one weak, penniless man with God.-Robert E. SPeer. 10. More earnest individual lay evangelism and daily prayer for the *** conversion of men to Christ. Two Universities-Oxford and If the next decade marks a similar Cambridge-have already given more advance to the last, the heroic pro- men for the European war than have been asked for from all Christiandom gram of President J. Campbell White for the evangelization of non-chris- tian lands-fohn R. Mott. and the secretaries of the Movement will be fulfilled, and nearly fifty mil- *** lion dollars will be given by American Protestants to world-wide missions America needs a spiritual phyand 25,000 American missionaries in sician who will go around visiting foreign lands. This means only one churches and Christians to diagnose in a thousand of the present Church their condition and to prescribe rememembership, and one-half of one per dies or give a certificate of death to cent. of their estimated yearly income. those that are spiritual1y dead.-H. C. Herring. Flashlights from Speakers *** In the very pagoda where Henry Martyn said that' the conversion of a Mohammedanism is only united in Brahman would be lik~ the raising of opposition to Christianity. There are the dead, there I saw converted Brah- over 200 distinct sects of Moslems. mans and Moslems kneeling as Chris- They all repeat the formula: "There tians to organize a native Indian is no God but God, and Mohammed is Christian missionary society.-Sher- the prophet of God," but are often 'wood Eddy. bitterly opposed to one another.- James L. Barton. *** *** With most Christian business men the pocketbook nerve is the sensitive The one great debt you have is to nerve. -Dr. E. }vl. Poteat. God. What are you doing to dis- charge that debt ?-A. E. Corey. *** *** Ve have been saying that we could not afford to give $18,000,000 a year If we would pray more we need to foreign missions or to send 4,000 not work so laboriously; if we wish men abroad; yet to-day Great Britain to accomplish more we must let God with less than half our population is work through Lls.-Chas. A. Rowland. spending $25,000,000 a day and Can-

Some Synods and Presbyteries The heavenly arithmetic is that you have adopted the rule that no aid add by subtracting and multiply by shall be given to churches that are dividing. So the physics of heaven not using the every member canvass. teach us that if we would permeate Then most of them do not need out- a people with religion we must begin side aid.-W. P. Schell. with the bottom, not with the top.

*** The logic of heaven proves that persecution and other things which In the past ten years the yearly men say will kill a religion are the gifts of the Methodists to Home Mis- very things that make it live and grow.

sions have increased $209,000, and -W. F. Oldham.

the yearly gifts to foreign missions *** increased $321,000 in addition to $300,000 from special gifts. At the The leading men of India are to-day same time the property value of the looking to Jesus Christ as the One Methodist Episcopal Missions in- who must lead to India's fruition.- creased $61,000,000 and the amount J. P. Jones. given to current expenses at home increased $2,000,000.-Geo. Heber *** Jones. The Grace of God can get a man *** into heaven, but can not, without the help of the man, get heaven into a As a result of the forward move- man.-Herbert Johnson. ment in the Lutheran (General Synod) the Memorial Church of Har- *** risburg increased their gifts for foreign missions from $39 in 1905 to There is no such thing as "Com- $1,000 in 1915, and for home missions parative religion." Religion is not a from $51 to $610 in the same time.- man-concocted thing, but is Jesus J. L. Clark. Christ in the human heart.-E. W. Fritchley.

*** *** There are three kinds of men as revealed by the call for enlistment in In the past ten years the Disciples the service of Christ as well as in the of Christ have increased their offer- service of their country. Those who ings to foreign missions 90 per cent. 'obey, those who delay, and those who and their foreign mission forces 75 say nay."-N. W. Rowell. per cent.-A. E. Corey. *** *** Prayer is like the electric current I question whether it is moral to that a man may use to control sources ask men to give money without trying of power at distant points. But the to give them a spiritual equivalent.- man must be in right relation to the George Innes. real source of power.-S. D. Gordon.

The addresses delivered at the Congress are being published in a volume, "Men and World Service," obtainable at $1.00, from the Laymen's Missionary Movement. New York.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE LAylfEN'S :lISSIONARY CAc.IPAIGN ."'!D CO:"GRESS

AT WAShINGTON, D. C.

–.—-~- – '

SO)'IE OF THE TWELVE HUXDRED }IEN AT THE NATIOXAL }IISSIONARY CONGRESS IX WASHIlGTOl, D. C. (APRIL 26TH-30TH.)

Make the Congress Worth While I

VIEWS OF LEADING LAYMEN E. L. Shuey, Dayton, Ohio Nolan R. Best, New York HAIRMAN of the Com- Editor of The Continent: "The fJe ~ mittee on Report: "The ultimate results of the convention especially significant must turn on the courage, determin- ation, vitality, and activity of the features of the National .delegates in making their imme- diate church associates feel the im- . Missionary Congress mensity and imperativeness of mis- ~ were the 'mtense m. – sions, in the same way that they themselves felt these things in the elec- terest of the delegates; the spirit of tric air of Continental Hall at Wash- ington. The thing just now to pray for prayer; the vision and investigations and hope for is, that the men who were at the Congress shall prove equal as to the needs of the world and the to their opportunity and obligation in reproducing the meanings of that con- resources of the Church; and the de- gress in their own home towns. If they measure up to this duty, the succision to take action. These seem to cess of the Washington Congress will be assured. But otherwise even its me to express the spirit of the gather- brilliant distinctions can not rate it a success." ing, and to prophesy great things to Charles A. Rowland Athens, Ga. follow."

Dr. William J. Schieffelin, New York Chairman of the Citizen's Union, Wholesale Druggist; Member of the Executive Committee of the Laymen's Movement: "The influence of the Congress will be lasting because leading men from every state received a. deep impression from the speakers, who were men of power and who Secretary of the Laymen's Mission- presented the facts regarding the ary Movement, Presbyterian Church opportunity and duty of the churches in the United States: "Most men in a way that carried conviction. leave our conventions determined It was evident from the large atten- to render more and better service dance, close attention and unanimous for God. This is good,- but in !!lost action of the delegates, that the pro- cases is indefinite and hazy, so on posals for an advance along the entire returning to their offices the old line will be effectively supported. routine is at once taken up, and be- The Congress inspired a thousand fore one realizes it he is b~ck in the able men with the determination to old rut and nothing done.

carry to their churches the message "Before he leaves the convention that the world is craving the Gospel; every delegate should settle what one that the resources of American Chris- thing he will do as a start in what a tianity can be drawn upon in a far man can do in his local church, in his larger measure than at present, and community, in his State, and the that the methods of the Laymen's world.

Missionary Movement show how this "The delegates from every commun- may be accomplished. ity should also gather together within

a week after their return and help to worthy of our might and means while carry out the definite things they the enthusiasm is at high-tide, and have determined to put through. then go the limit. In the working out of our plans and the meeting of our "A convention produces its most pledges, we will grow to be bigger and practical results when it furnishes the better men and the world will be bethandles for men to take hold. Once ter because of our having lived in it." they get a grip things happen. The converse is equally true. James M. Montgomery, New York J. L. Clark, Ashland, Ohio Member of the Consistory of the Collegiate Reformed Church: "The A manufacturer and a member of Congress imprest me with its digthe Lutheran Church General Synod; WHERE THE MEN'S MISSIONARY CONVENTIONS WERE HELD THIS YEAR, 1915-1916 "It was charged at the convention that nity, the splendid type of delegates, we Americans are spiritually over- and the vivid, all-convincing presentafed and under-exercised. Now men, tion of the world's needs. let us who have been, as it were, on the Mount of Transfiguration, "The speakers were all experts, join the Lord's gymnasium. Your re- powerful, earnest and impressive. sponsibility and my responsibility, because of what was shown us at this "I believe everyone had his vision Congress, is greater than the responsi- broadened, conscience quickened, pulbility of anyone else. Our opportuni- ses stirred. ties being greater, our obligations art, therefore, greater in proportion. "The laymen have now been chal- lenged to do great things. "We must do bigger things than ever before and must start right now. "Their keenest joy and satisfaction Pledge ourselves to something that is in business is overcoming obstacles, accomplishing large and difficult tasks and spelling success out of failure.

"Why not, therefore, accept the chal-

THE CONGRESS WORTH WHILE

lenge and do great things for the to the missionaries in far distant and Kingdom?" lonely mission stations and to Board Secretaries. "The mental and heart Prof. E. A. Emens, Syracuse University horizon was moved farther onward for many a man, and the 'spirit' of "The spiritual dynamic revealed by the Congress seems to me to have the convention emphasized to at least been seldom equalled. The addresses one layman the following facts: gripped and the inspiration was per- manent." "I. The men of the home church should be organized into a missionary Fred E. Tasker, New York society with an inspiring and intelligent leader and make a definite study Counsellor at Law, Member of the of some field e.g., Latin America. Methodist Episcopal Church: "The The opposition or indifference of great convention re-emphasized the many to foreign missions would in missionary fundamentals for which the this way be changed to enthusiastic Laymen's Missionary Movement has support. The Laymen's Missionary always stood, especially (I) resources Movement IS preeminently educa- of prayer, and (2) a larger conception tional. of our social duties.

"2. It is important that laymen, "Some unforget~able features were: themselves, should enlist in the ( I) the Chief Magistrate of the nation spiritual work of Christ's kingdom listening for hours to the details of both in the home church, and in the the work; (2) prominent business men foreign field. Thank God, the laymen affirming the outranking importance are being mobilized for His work! of Christian service over gainful occu- pations; (3) a succession of native "3. The slogan cry of the churches speakers illustrating in themselves the at home and in the foreign field should marvelous results of Christianizing inbe cooperation, Christian unity, one fluences; (4) a recognition of the of the fundamental axioms of the gigantic upheaval wrought by the war movement. 'Get together by work- and the immeasurable opportunity of ing together.' America.

"4. The absolute importance of "We must now expect that the prayer in bringing in the Kingdom of power of prayer will be used and God. Prayer, definite prayer, inter- tested, as never before, by men who cessory prayer, means victory. Lord, have a new insight into the meaning of teach me how to pray." prayer. The obligations for a broad, social, collecti7Je, and community serv- James D. Husted, Denver, Ohio ice were, perhaps, more comprehen- sively stated than before in similar "The recent Congress of the Lay- congresses. Courage to attack the men's Missionary Movement carried problems and seize the opportunities, an unusually strong appeal to the and confidence in a victorious issue, delegates, in an inquiry which forced are felt as never before, becaus.e the its way into their hearts as to what men so deeply realize the possession definite service each man is to render of the power that comes alone from in his home field-how he is to make conscious union with our Master. more effective the work of the missionary organizations to which he is related, and how he is himself tn es· tablish a closer personal relationship

Christian Doctrine

Property* BY REV. E. M. POTEAT, D.D., GREENVILL E, SOUTH CAROLINA President of Furman University HE pocketbook nerve is 1. What is the basis of property? In the economic history of the world, I:TJ~ a sensitive nerve, and the basis has shifted according to the we all know how it stage of civilization reached. In the feels when the dentist earliest stage there was no property ~ touches a nerve. The in the modern sense; in the barbaric most sensitive ques- stage property was based on might; tions discust are these questions of a man could hold all that he could deproperty. Carlyle said that the Eng- fend. The method of avowing ownerlishman's hell is to be poor. It must ship in the Roman court was to touch be the American's nether hell to be a lance, which meant that property poor. Any but Christian men would had been secured by force of arms. not listen patiently to the things I am going to say on this subject, but Chris- In civilization we have another contians must be Christians to the limit. dition. Herbert Spencer wrote: "All titles to land rest on force, or fraud. However sensitive we may be about or cunning." questions of property, and the pocketbook nerve, we must seek a definition That basis has been slightly modiof property in Christian terms if fied in modern society by the princi- Christianity is to hold the leadership ple of expediency, which means that of the world. Many minds are work- the state comes in to protect a man ing in this field. Some of them are in the exclusive control of his propnon-Christian, some anti-Christian, erty. The idea of property is rather and society is likely to become con- of exclusive control than of ownerfused in a multitude of counsels un- ship. When I ride in an automobile less Christ Who is the Light of the I may not own it, but for the time I world speaks through His people a possess it. Proudhon said, "Private clear word on this subject. property is theft."

There is a Christian doctrine of What is the basis of property in property, for one is implied in all that Christianity? In the first sentence of our Lord said about our relation to the first chapter of Genesis we read: God His Father, and to His world, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." In Psalm and about our relation to all other xxiv: "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof, and they that men as brothers. dwell therein." A Japanese of the A Christian doctrine of property sixteenth century said: "The earth is the earth's earth." That is atheism. must embrace at least three items: In the first scene in the Bible we find a ( I) The basis of property; (2) The factors in production; (3) A principle of distribution.

* From an address delivered at the Laymen's Missionary Congress, Washington D. c., April 28. 1916. man temporarily in possession of a gar- we must say society in place of capiden. A little later a man named Abra- tal, because there can be no medium ham was in possession of the land, tho of exchange except between persons. he never possest it in our sense. Vealth may increase without labor, Later Jacob was put in possession of but there can be no capital except in that land, with the tithe representing society. Labor must be done by an inthat the title was in God and not in dividual, so that we will put the indithe man. That struggle at Peniel, vidual in the place of labor. meant, I think, that God told Jacob that he was not qualified to enter into In Christian Ethics then, we have possession of that promised land ex- as the three factors in production: cept as he should accept it as a trust. God-Society-the Individual. No man is qualified to hold property, according to the Christian idea, unless V'/hat does God contribute? AlI he accepts this trust from God. the original materials, that is, the earth, the laws of nature, yourself, In the times of Moses when prop- and your intelIigence, aU the original erty accumulated in too large bulk, materials. the year of Jubilee was appointed as a time when land should revert to the What does society contribute? It original owners. contributes to your accumulation the character of wealth, and a tremendous Jesus recognized the idea of private increment in the value of accumulaproperty, in the form of land, in the tion. Kant says that if a man were form of rent, even in the form of in- alone on the earth he could not posterest. He also recognized the peril sess anything, for the reason that beof possessions when He said: "Lay tween himself as a person and other not up for yourselves treasures in obj ects as things there could be no heaven," and "Except that a man re- such relation. John Jacob Astor, on nounce all that he hath he can not be the deck of the Titanic, was worth a My disciple." Ruskin hoped the time hundred and twenty-five million dolwould come when Englishmen would lars, but on a bit of wreckage in icy cast all thought of possessive wealth water, he has dropt out of society, and back into the Dark Ages from whence was not worth anything but what was it had come. on the inside of his skin.

We say then that the basis of prop- The Indians sold Manhattan for erty in the Christian conception is the twenty-eight dollars; the land now is ownership oj God. When we can say worth three and a half bilIion. Society "All mine are Thine," then we can say made that increase in value. Indithe rest: "All Thine are mine." viduals did not make it except as mem- bers of society. II. In political economy the factors in production are said to be: "Land, What does the individual contribute labor, and capital." In Christian to wealth? Not much. The individual ethics, that definition will not stand. has contributed industry and some Where did the land come from? God forethought-but God gave him his increated it. Then we must put God in telligence. One successful business place of land. Capital is the accumu- man attempted to calculate the amount lated wealth of a community so that of his contribution to his own pros- perity. He ran an ice plant, an elec-

tric light plant, and a dairy, but he On the principle of service I may have said that he had never been able to what is necessary to make me a servant credit himself with over 5 per cent. of the Kingdom of God. If you leave it to the caprice of disposition as to Does not that knock out your man how a man should distribute wealth who stands up and says, "What is mine the man's disposition may have been is my own, I made it myself and I spoiled under the ambition to accumuam going to do what I please with it." late, and in that case the chances are Men must stop talking that sort of he will not distribute it. A Supreme nonsense. Court justice was asked by the Penn- sylvania Railroad to accept a salary of III. What is the principle of dis- fifty thousand a year as attorney of tribution? All production is a joint the road, but he said that he would product of these three forces. How rather serve the whole people in the much should I have, how much should interpretation of the law, al a living you have, how much should the other wage, than pile up a private fortune as man have? the servant of a corporation. What is a living wage? It depends on whether If the principle of distribution al- you a.re a leader or a private. One lows me to appropriate in proportion man has a lot of energy and responsito the contribution I make, then, if bility, and it requires a great deal of my friend is right, I can not get over money to bring all that he has inside of 5 per cent. of the joint product. If him to the service of the general need. you are going to decide distribution by Another man requires less. contribution you will get not over 5 per cent. reward for the individual. Since love is the Christian law, and But even that is too much, for nobody service is the Christian life, a man may can tell who contributed to the mak- have all that is necessary to maintain ing of the doth in the clothes he him in full efficiency as a servant of wears. You can not tell who con- God for the general good. That means tributed to this final product and dis- that all the properly he has must be a tribute thereby what was paid for it, good for him while he has it, and at what the man who planted the cot- the same time good for every other ton( 1) put into it. No-we are on the member of the race. wrong line.

Is there another principle of distribution? How much should I have?

STEWARDSHIP "Stewardship not only embraces money, but time, talents, influences and life. Money is the easiest thing to give. The question about money is not how much of my money shall I give to the Lord, but how much of the Lord's money, temporarily in my possession, should I keep for myself? I am the custodian, not the owner. Likewise as a steward of time or talents or life, how much should I use in pleasure or recreation, or business or self-seeking? It is all His. How shall it be employed or divided, and where? Certainly not as I may prefer, but as He shaH indicate. The capability and wisdom and skill of the steward is shown in settlement of these questions, and determines the reward."

PATIENTS WAITING AT THE NEW ZENANA HOSPITAL

A Land Closed to Christians–II HOW LONG MUST AFGHANISTAN REMAIN WITHOUT MISSIONARIES?

BY DR. M. K. S. HOLST, MARDAN, N. W. FRONTIER, INDIA The Tartar and the Afghan bars. The Afghan in the south is dark; the complexion of the Tatar, URING the cold season, in the North, is dirty yellow and red, the Kalir is fair as a Caucasian. The IDi r859, Rev. Theodore Afghan has often a curved Jewish Lowenthal, one of the nose, the Tatar nose is flat; the Kalir early missionaries to has the straight nose which is com- the Afghans, had sev- mon in Europe. The eye of the . eral interviews with Afghan is either the piercing black, eagle eye, or the languishing, almond three Siah-posh Kafirs. These are a shaped one, so often met with in t?e east, and so much admired by distinct people, inhabiting a district of Orientals, the Tatar has the slim non- horizontal slits which pass for eyes the Sufed Koh, surrounded on all sides among the Chinese; the Kafir has the frank, pleasant hazel eyes of the by Afghans, Hazaras or Turkomans. North of Europe. Wine and swine, Their language has retained many and kine, objects of abomination or resemblances to the Sanskrit, which shows that they are an ancient Aryan race. In features, in shape, in color, in religion, in manners, in customs, indeed in everything almost, they differ most widely from their neigh-

adoration among their neighbors, and young Kafir boys are kept to North and South, East and West, are attend the females in the harems. favorite articles of consumption The price varies from forty to fifty among the Kafirs. The Tatar sits hundred rupees. Girls are sold by cross-legged on the ground; the Af- the span; fine strong good looking ghan sits on his heels, his chin on his ones bring as much as one hundred ·knees. The Kafir sits mostly on a rupees a span; some have been sold low chair or stool, or, if on the for their weight in silver. They are ground, always with his legs stretched usually captured through the agency out before him. The Afghan and of Nimchas, or Kafirs who have bethe Tatar place their food on the come Mohammedans. The base ground; the Kafir on a low table or treachery which these men frequently stool. Such points of difference practise on their countrymen almost might be indefinitely multiplied.· transcends belief. No wonder that the Kafirs kill every Mohammedan Those who come down to Pesh- that falls into their hands. awar, in their long journey adopt som~ articles of dress from the tribes One man who had been captured whom they pass; but there is enough and sold in youth and had been made about them with their long swagger- a Mohammedan, in course of time ing gait, their unrestrained curiosity, had risen to high office among the their huge laced boots, their half Afghans. He was put in command of drest black goat skin coats, their a frontier fort, and when the princiworsted shirts, their silver-sheathed ples which his new religion had indaggers, their rude bows and arrows, stilled into him, had begun to have to distinguish them at once from the their effect on his character, an avarice motley crowds found in Peshawar in such as is to be found only in Asia, led the cold season. The information ob- him to adopt the following scheme. He tained from them confirms what has sent word to the people in his own been gathered from the mission to neighborhood who had known him in Kandahar, and shows how difficult it youth, informing them of his great is to understand them without a visit desire for an interview with his to their country. Such a visit seems people. Since he could not enter hardly possible at present, not only Kafiristan without imminent danger on account of the inaccessible nature to his life, he asked them to gratify of the region, but also on account of him by coming to see him. As he the hostile relations subsisting be- was in command of the place which tween them and their neighbors. This they were to visit they need fear no hostility will not die out as long as one. About forty, men, women, and the Afghans persist in kidnapping and children, followed the invitation, and enslaving Kafir women and children. they were admitted into the fort. The gates then were shut, and a volley The Kafir Slaves was fired into them, killing and wounding a number. While the poor The 'Kafir slaves are greatly sought wretches were cowed and confounded after in Afghanistan and every man they were secured and sold into of property has some. All the con- slavery. fidential servants are Kafir slaves

A LAND CLOSED TO CHRISTIANS

SOME OUT-PATIENTS AT ZENANA HOSPITAL, MARDAN A Call for Missionaries in ·the British Foreign Office, eleven years ago, their country was brought In our days the world's history within the boundary of Afghanistan. marches more rapidly than perhaps at At last the Kafirs were the subjects any previous period. Tho at this of the Amir. In consultation with moment, Afghanistan seems utterly Ghulam Haidar, his Commander-ininaccessible, events which may take Chief, he determined to convert them the most sagacious statesman by sur- and bring them into the fold of prize, may furnish the key to sud- Islam. The distasteful offices of denly open the gates. At that mo- the mullah were offered at the ment, let the Church be ready to go muzzle of the breech-loader, the in and possess. Tho, like Achaian rites of the Mohammedan belief warriors, we may have been lying enforced upon an unwilling people. ten years before the impregnable city, Mosques took the place of temples, every moment of that time may have the Koran and the traditions of the been needed to fit us for the final Caliphate would be the spiritUal reentry. The representatives of the generation of the pagan Kafir. Yet world, the merchant and the soldier, thirty-five years ago (i.e., 1882) a will be ready for the juncture; the message from the Kafirs of the philanthropist and the political econ- Hindu 'Kush stirred the Christian omist will offer to this people their church; they asked that teachers civilization. might be sent to instruct them in the religion of Jesus Christ. It is a About the Kafirs Col. Wingate sad example of how an opportunity wrote: "It was a sorrowful day for them when by a stroke of. the pen

may be lost, for to-day there is im- against the brilliant sky, and each po;;ed, between the ambassadors of morning he sees the strong sunlight Jesus Christ and the eager Kafir, the of these latitudes penetrate one by hostile aggression of a Mohammedan one the rugged passes and the jagged power intensely jealous of the en- clefts, and is forbidden by man and trance of the foreigner." nature to cross beyond. He knows that, once beyond, he might pass The Right Kind of Men through this vast cradle of nations. from the Khyber to the great com- Mr. Lowenthal suggested the kind mercial port of Yezd in one direcof agency that seems to be required by tion, and beyond the Oxus, as far as this field. "The peculiar nature of Orenburg in another, and everythe difficulties with which this mis- where be almost the first to announce sion will have to contend appears to the glad tidings of salvation through demand two men of robust health Jesus Christ. He is apt to fancy and strong constitution, with juices those mountains to be insurmountnot dried up in the study, and spirits able barriers; sickness and exhausnot evaporated by high pressure; let tion cause him to feel his own weakthe system be but sound, and the ness and littleness daily more keenly, theology need not be so profound. and he would be tempted to despair, They must be able to stand the were there not a voice crying in the scorching sun and the stifling simoon, wilderness "Prepare ye the way of as well as intense cold." the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God; every val… Two such men entered Afghanis- ley shall be exalted, and every moun· tan about twenty years later-the tain and hill shall be made low; and forerunners, one of whom laid down the crooked shall be made straight, his life and of whom we shall hear and the rough places plain; and the later. glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for Lowenthal continues: the mouth of the Lord hath spoken "The first attempt to produce a it." Pushtu version of the Scriptures seems to have been made by Dr. With British Troops to Afghanistan Leydon, the Professor of Hindustani in the College of Fort William. The Rev. Maxwell Gordon accom- In 181 I, he finished a translation of panied the troops in the second the Gospel of Matthew and Mark. Afghan war, in November, 1878, A mission in Afghanistan must be and described his feelings, which peculiarly the work of the Lord. He every missionary on the frontier will must appoint the men and endue understand. "A journey of thirty them with the needed qualifications. miles further brought us to the foot He must also open the door and give of a range of mountains that we had faith to enter. The missionary stands been wistfully gazing at for days, in before the wild range of the Suliman the hope that we might have the opmountains, and gazes, evening after portunity of planting the cross upon evening, as the sun sets behind it ground . beyond British frontier, on the line of savage, uninhabited and precipitous crags standing out

A LAND CLOSED TO CHRISTIANS

where no missionary foot had ever and Kandahar. 1 believe that it is trod… 1 shall always regard my jour- in those cities that one might expect ney to Kandahar as very important a reception (humanly speaking) for from a missionary point of view, and the Gospel rather than among the altho the slow and tedious march wild mountain tribes, the Afridis, there· with its long delays disap- Waziris, Mohmands, etc."

pointed the hope of an early return, A Soldier's Letter yet the time has not been wasted and 1 shall henceforth be able to read Later from the Panjab, Mr. Gor- the Bible to the Afghans in their don wrote: "Yesterday I received a own language whenever the oppor- letter from a Christian officer, com- tunity presents itself. It was one of o manding one of the regiments there.

those undertakings in which 1 felt He writes that some Persian and the leading of God's providence and Afghan Testaments which I left with when 1 saw some twenty regiments him for distribution among the na- encamped without a pastor or Scrip- tives were very eagerly and thank- ture-reader, there seemed to me to fully received by them and he asks be additional inducement to urge one for another camel-load of Bibles to onward. The generals and officers be sent. I earnestly trust that we gladly accepted my services and I may be able to follow up the work found a missionary sphere in the commenced at Kandahar among the hospitals and soldiers' tents…. 1 am natives, and that at Kabul also and thankful to say, that the Gospel in Herat there may be openings for Arabic, Persian and Pushtu was Gospel light. Roads are now being favorably received by some of the made by our government; forts learned and influential natives of erected, and depots formed, so that Kandahar, whose friendship was communication is greatly facilitated."

shown in frequent visits to my tent A year later Bishop Valpy French and hospitality at their own homes. (in r880) , visited Afghanistan and One of them was a Kazi or head of Mr. Gordon went with him to Kan- the priesthood; another was a doc- dahar. There was unrest in Af- tor of divinity (Mohammedan) of ghanistan. Sir Louis Cavanagh, the very inquiring mind, who showed me English resident had been murdered a copy of the New Testament in with his suite, and the eyes of all Hindustani, which he had not only were directed toward Abdul Rahman read but committed parts of it to as the only man able to manage the memory. 1 found the same friend- difficult position. Gordon wrote: "1 liness and cordiality among the lead- hope it may not be long before a ing members of the Hindu commun- medical missionary is sent to Kan- ity and 1 am quite certain, that a dahar. The people would give no residence of a few months there one so hearty a welcome. There is would establish an intercourse most not even a government free dispen- favorable to the reception of the sary here as at Kabul, where Dr.

Gospel among all classes. Owen has won the gratitude of thou- May God in his own time raise up sands of native patients….

an Apostle to the Afghans of Kabul "Yesterday 1 had a visit from

some of my Afghan friends in the Captain Lyons, a man of the city. They have the Bible, bnt they world, says: "Russia has during the say, that others want it also, and we last twenty-five years of action in had a long talk over it, and I prom- Central Asia executed considerable ised to get some from Lahore, but and expensive railway constructions." they take a long time in coming." … Russia year by year has pushed railways nearer and now actual:y "I believe Kandahar is the most reached Afghanistan, as the accomfavorable place for a missionary 111 panying map shows, while the British Afghanistan, but one is here at the railway reaches the southern border, risk of one's life and at the risk also leaving only 438 miles to bind the of being turned out by the politicals southernmost part of Asia to Europe at any time." by rail. If Kohat Kushk or Quetta Seistan Kushk joined, which how- Gordon was mortally wounded on ever Captain Lyons in a letter to the August 16, 1880, while trying under writer dated November 4, 1912, says, heavy fire to rescue wounded men. "would be a grievous error on Eng- Tho attached to the English force, land's part," the journey from North his primary object was missionary India to Paris would only take six work and his life laid down is the days. Where railways go, education first seed which must be followed by spreads, and the missionary will be more, before Christ can reign in allowed to work. Afghanistan. What Gordon did in the time of war, others can do now, "The greater the difficulties, the if inspired with as pure a motive. greater is the glory of overcoming them." Says Dr. S. M. Zwemer', "Is Before Lowenthal came to Pesha- Afghanistan sealed against the enwar the Church Missionary Society trance of the Christian missionary? had started missionary work there, Or is the land only waiting for those which has been carried on ever since, who will pay the price of bursting its and through which the first two barriers ?" Pathan pastors were ordained. A Panjabi Mohammedan convert for The Martyrdom of Karim many years has been pastor in Peshawar. "Listen to the story of the con- version and martyrdom of Abdd When Shall We Enter? Karim, the Afghan convert: With a real devotien to Christ, he was Sixty-eight years after Lowenthal taken with the intense desire, in the wrote, the doors are still closed to summer of 1907, to enter Afghani- Afghanistan. How and when may stan and preach the Gospel. Crosswe enter its gates? ing the frontier at Chaman, he was seized by Afghan soldiers, brought Dr. John R. Mott says, "The un- before the Governor of Kandahar, occupied fields of the world are offered rewards and honors if he being entered by civilization, and rail- would recant, and when he refused, ways are pushing their way through was cast into prison, loaded with the heart of both continents. The ad- chains. He was examined by the vertisments of these highways in Asia and Africa is in itself a challenge to missionaries. It is therefore the strategic hour."

A LAND CLOSED TO CHRISTIANS

Amir, but remained firm in his con– stan. But must we wait for railfession. Then he was marched off ways and education? Dr. Bruce went for Kabul in chains, with a bit and to Persia to heal the sick and tell bridle in his mouth, while every them of the Savior's love, tho open Mohammedan who met him smote preaching was then impossible. him on the cheeks and abused him. Finally, when he was set at liberty, Dr. Elmslie went to Kashmir in 1865 he tried to find his way back to for six months and did what India, was seized by the people in a was then supposed to be impossible. village, carried to their mosque, and He had to return to the Panjab durordered to repeat the Moslem creed. ing the winter, but spent Rve sum- Abdul Karim refused. A sword mers in Karbini. In 1872, a terwas then produced and his right rible epidemical cholera sapped his arm cut off, and he was again strength, and he was absolutely unfit ordered to repeat it, but again re- for the journey south in the autumn. fused. The left arm was then But there was no rail to take him severed in the same way, and on his back to India and no permission for refusing the third time, his throat him to stay; the permission, however, was cut. There is no doubt that was on the way, when the pioneer whatever the details of his martyr- worn out closed his eyes on the way dom may be, Abdul Karim witnessed out, and Dr. Downes followed, then faithfully to the last for the Savior Dr. Arthur Neve; and to-day he and Christ, and died because he would Dr. Ernest Neve are known and not deny Him. T~ere are many loved all over Kashmir, tho they secret disciples in Afghanistan who preach the Gospel. honor Christ as we do, and there is no doubt that at the present time a It will be the same in Afghanistan. public acknowledgment of Christian- Medical missions alone will be tolerity would mean a cruel death. At ated at first and medical women wil the same time, I believe that the be safer than men. A Pathan does Church in Afghanistan will not be not kill a woman. In 1903 a lady established till there have been many medical missionary was advised by such martyrs, who will seal their government and the Church Missionfaith with their blood." ary Society not to go into the Pesha- war district near the frontier, as the "Must only Afghan converts, how- dangers seemed great, but the Lord ever, seal their testimony with their bade her go and to-day more than life, or will missionaries also go and two hundred villages have opened take possession, if need be, by win- the doors to her and her fellow ning the crown of martyrdom for workers, tho the people knew, that where the surgical or medical help the King?" * was given, the Gospel would be preached. The Young Afghan Reformers May it not be that the great war Already a Young Afghan party is shaking Europe will bring down working for constitutional reform Turkey and that missionaries to the and western education in Afghani- Mohammedans in the near future will have unprecedented opportunities? "From "The Unoccupied Mission Fields."

The Little

Soldier in Brownie Land MRS. MOTTE MARTIN, KONGO INDEPENDENT STATES Miss:.ionary of the Presbyterian Church (South) UKUMBA'S home is but she became an outcast, her life was threatened by Bamuyila. Later the old mB ~ in a little West African chief, Kamuanga Kalamba, came to village of Kamuanga one of the Presbyterian mission sta- K a I a mba. In that tions and heard that the great Creator ~ moral and intellectuai darkness worse than THE LITTLE KONGO CHRISTIAN SOLDIER midnight that covers the land, there Bukumba wa Kamuanga Kalamba and little are a few stars shedding the light of Christian love. Bukumba's father George Motte Martin was chief of the village and had thirty wives. The mother of Bukum- "Mvidi Mukulu" had not, as he had ba was the favorite wife, and thus supposed, removed His presence from incurred the jealousy of the other the world and given over men to the wives. care of evil spirits. The people wor- ship these evil spirits, and while they One day while· Bamuyila W'S believe that there are some good spirworking in the field she left her little three-year-old baby, Bukumba, in the village. While the mother was away, her little girl in play slapped one of the children of a wife who was particularly jealous of Bukumba's mother. The jealous woman was very angry and hit little Bukumba with a block of wood. When Bamuyila came back from her work she found her only child with her back broken, and she wanted to kill the woman who had struck the blow. The chief, her husband, was willing that the woman should be put to death, but relatives persuaded him that it would be wrong to leave her four little children without anyone to care for them.

In Africa, the people have no mercy on an orphan and have no use for them, unless they can use them as slaves. The chief finally arranged that his jealous wife should not be killed, its, too, they do not worship them, 'is home Bukumba learned to love Jesus they think they will never harm any and gave her heart to Him. It disone, anyway. trest her that her mother did not know God, and when she went back When Kamuanga Kalamba heard the to her village she begged her mother wonderful news, that Mvidi Mukuil1 to accept Jesus and to love Him, but loved the world so much that He Bamuyila refused. gave His only son to die for men, he could hardly believe it. When The witch doctors are the most inhe heard that Mvidi Mukulu had fluential men in Africa, for they tell sent word that it is wrong to hate even the kings and chiefs what they anyone, he believed the message and must do to please the spirits. One went back to his village to forgive the day one of these old witch doctors woman who had broken his little girl's accused Bamuyila of having made back. This made his favorite wife, "hoodoo" medicine to deform her Bamuyila, so angry that her heart was child. He insisted that she had thrown very black toward her husband. sand in the eyes of the people to make them believe that another of Kam- Kamuanga Kalamba came again uanga Kalamba's wives had committo the mission station and heard more ted this crime, while in reality she was of the Great Creator and of His. great the one' who had done it. As proof, love. He said that he wanted to obey he said, "Look at Bukumba and see Him in everything, that he wanted to that as she grows older she grows give up all of his wives except more deformed; therefore her mother Bamuyila, his favorite wife, and to be is still making this hoodoo medimarried to that one in a Christian cine." Bamuyila's own people were church in a Christian way. But when very angry, and altho they behe asked Bamuyila, she said that she lieved in their own witch doctor they could never become a Christian be- did not believe in the one from this cause her heart was still very black faraway village who accused their toward the woman who had nearly relative of witchcraft. They promkilled her little girl. Kamuanga ised to fight for her; but Bamuyila, Kalamba loved Bamuyila so that he only a poor, uncared-for heathen let her have her own way, tho he woman, went out and answered them: could have compelled her to do as he "If you fight for me and are killed, wished. He, therefore, married one and I were to be saved alive, would of his other wives. I be happy? It is better for one per- son to die than for many to suffer. One day Mr. Martin was passing Give me the cup of poison. I will through the village of Kamuanga Kal- take -it." Bamuyila drank the horamba and he saw little deformed Bu- rible mixture, but she was able to kumba. She was so pathetic a sight vomit it all. It was real poison, for that he felt very sorry for her and a man who had been accused of asked Bamuyila if he might not bring crime at the same time drank the the little girl to the mission station. mixture and died. Bamuyila must She realized that Bukumba would re- have been stronger, for she lived. ceive kind treatment in the mission home for girls and so Bamuyila al- Little Bukumba went to her lowed her to come. In that mission

mother again to plead with her to went under twice." One of the pas- accept Christ, but Bamuyila was ob- sengers, who heard about it, said, durate. She always said, "I can "She is a real little 'Chocolate sol- never forgive that woman." Then dier,' isn't she?" Bukumba prayed for her and finally When we finally arrived in New said, "Mama, it was my back that York the officials would not let was broken; not yours. I am the Bukumba land on account of her one who will have to go through deformity. They were afraid that life with a broken back. I forgive she might become a public charge, that woman; why can't you do it?" and kept her for three days on Ellis Finally Bamuyila yielded and began Island while a friend went with me to study the Christian catechism. to Washington to ask for special The missionaries are very careful to permission for Bukumba to enter. keep the people in classes long She was unable to speak English, enough for them to fully understand and was greatly distrest. Afterthe step they are taking when they ward she said, "I thought I had enter the church. Bamuyila finally fallen into the hands of the children was baptized and was taken into the of Israel who do not believe in church. Then she asked the. woman Christ, else they surely would not whom she had hated so long to have treated me so." She thought come and eat with her-an act which the doctors and trained nurses looked is very important among those like the children of Israel because heathen men and women, for no one they had on long, flowing robes and will eat with an enemy. Bamuyila cloths over their mouths that made did that to show to the whole viIIage them look like some of the pictures that her hatred was ended forever. of the children of Israel she had When it became necessary for me seen. "I began to have doubt," she to leave the Kongo for a short time said, "but I prayed to God and He with my little seven-months-old baby delivered me out of all my troubles' I wanted some help, and took little – I will never doubt Him any more." Bukumba as a nursemaid. She When I went to meet Bukumba at came with me to America, where she the railway station I saw a crowd is like "Alice in Wonderland." The gathered, and wondered if they were ocean was horrible to her, until I curious about Bukumba. She had told her that God would care for her suit-case on top of her head and her on the ocean just as well as on her arms folded just as if she were the land. One day it became quite in Central Africa. When she saw rough. I was on deck and had for- me she threw down her suit-case for gotten the child for the moment. the baby, and cried out: "I am too Then the waves reminded me and happy for words-you can see it I went to our room. There was a in my face." No one could have look of wild terror on Bukumba's doubted the happiness in that radiant, face as she told me about it. She beaming face! said, "The trunks and the suit-cases In America she has been in many were moving all about, but I would places singing and testifying of her not let the baby go. We nearly love for Jesus. She prayed that

THE LITTLE BROWN SOLDIER 44I

Jesus would strengthen her heart, the words in parenthesis.-B. S. M.) so that she might sing and show My mother: that she loves the same Jesus whom we love. To-day I've begun the new "palaver"

Bukumba's father (who is now of writing to you a letter to make your dead) had thirty wives-because he was chief of a village and had goats, heart glad. . because of sending salt beads, sheIls and chickens enough to buy so many-but when he became a letter of my own hand. . . . a Christian he gave up all except one Listen, I'm telling you my mother, r want you yourself to pray Jehovah every day that He may help you and make your heart strong. r want you to and was married by a Christian min- stop grieving and remain with happiness ister. Bukumba is now returning to the Kongo with little George Motte in your heart. r pray to Jehovah for and Mrs. Martin.* you all every day of my life. The following letter from her is Listen, my mother, I love you a very written in true native fashion. Bukumba begins at the beginning of her great deal with all of my heart. Do not story altho she has repeated much think "Bukumba does not love me." of it in former letters addrest to friends asking them to read them ~o Truly I love you.

r came here because my heart more than loved the baby of "Mpanda Nxila." Hi~ father placed me into good palavers and was so very good to me.

her mother (who can not read). God wished for me to come here to Palaver means any matter which the foreign country to see the palavers causes talk. The name M panda N xila here of great wonder and villages of high (pronott1!ced Empandan Shela) means price. "path splitter" and was given to Rev. Motte Martin because on his journey My mama, listen, hear me about the up the Kongo he was wrecked in a palavers. I'm writing you of the foreign river steamer and when rescned had to "split a neW path to the nearest country which r have seen. When we village. One of the native teachers afterward said that it was appro- came with Mama Suila we arrived at anpriate because this missionary had other village, the name of which was split a new path to the heavenly world Barna (she should have said Matadi). We here met a steamer which had come which goes in the waters of the great foreign country-very great, very great. Mama, strong people (grown people) for so many of the Africans. . Suila within-a great many men, women and (pronounced Swela) means "love for children-the steamer very full, about us." Muo}'o (pronounced Moy-o) 2,000. And plenty of houses inside. I means "life to you" best greetings. was very much afraid-my heart was split (with fear). Mama Suila said to . Lidnia (a form of Lydia) is the me "Don't be afraid, strengthen your Bible name chosen by Bukumba for heart." We entered that steamer and herself. (The letter was written with- went into the great water. I did not see out any help. The only changes are a tree, only the great water. I did not a few omissions and the addition of see the earth, only the great water. The * When Mrs. Motte Martin, one of the Kongo people in the steamer were only white missionaries of the Southern Presbyterian Church, people by themselves, no black ,People, was compelled to 1eave her work with a sick baby. only myself and a few others. a faithful hunchback girl. Bukumba, went with her When r reached the foreign country to help on the long journey from the interior of the Belgian Kongo to Louisiana-EDITOR.

thus I exceeded to marvel because of the heart is with you every day. But other tremendous villages, houses big and long people have said to me, "Bukumba we also, and people going on horses and car- want you to stay with us here," but I riages and other things on wheels, I saw have refused, I have said "I want to go people going under the earth (tunnels). and see my mother and relatives and Also the cold here is very strong. The friends." people wear heavy clothes and things upon their hands. I saw also sheep with I am with happiness every day. Relong hair. People cut it and make out main all of you strong in the palaver of of it blankets. . . . God. As for us we are well.

The women here are not noisy, they I am, lower their words when they talk to peo- Bukumba Lidina of you all, ple. They are polite also to other people. These are good palavers I have BUKuMBA KAMUANGO WA KALAMBA. seen in the foreign country of surpassing great splendor-of children and This comes from the foreign country. women of high price. The map of Africa has been likened to a question mark asking Listen, I'll tell you also of the. pala- the Christian world WHY it is left vers of Mama Suila to me. She is a in darkness so long. To me this good person of God truly. She is only little deformed girl is also a symbol very good to me-she shows me only of the great continent of Africa good palavers. She takes care of me which has been deformed-its growth only as if I were her child. She loves arrested, not by a blow from a me also. She habitually goes with me savage, but by the terrible blow of to all places where she wishes to go. indifference from a Christian world. Her child also is very good, he loves How many of us will do all in our me also. . . • power to send the knowledge of My mother the day I will see you I'll Christ's love to the fifty. millions of almost kill myself with happiness. We heathen in Africa still unprovided will strike each other at the mouth be- for by any Christian church-that cause of love of a little child to its mother-this is strong love for the peo- His love may transform that ple here (only the babies and their hideously deformed and undeveloped mothers kiss each other in her tribe) .• continent as His love has trans- formed the life of this little hunch- "Mama Suila" sends you "muoyo" and back girl. "Mpanda Nxila child" (Junior) also. I want you to give all of our people Oh, that we might work for our "muoyo." I am sending the little chil- Lord in Africa with great love 111 dren of all our relatives "muoyo" and our hearts, as is so well exprest 111 their mothers also. Read this letter well. in the little verse: I am writing it at night during the time to go to sleep with sleep at my eyes be- I do not work, my soul to save, cause of my love for my mother. My That work my Lord has done; But I will work like any slave For love of God's dear Son.

IS AFRICA SETTING TOO HIGH A STANDARD FOR AMERICA?

A Negro Baptist Church located at Wathen (Ngombe) on the Kongo River established last year fifty-two new outstations-one a week on an average. It maintained 196 evangelists, 92 being supported by the congregation, and 104 being voluntary workers. One out of ten of the 1,995 members is an evangelist.-Missions.

India's Great

BY MR. G. SHERWOOD EDDY, NEW YORK International Y. M. C. A. Secretary for A.ia URING my recent tour, cational need. In Protestant coun- tries, 20 per cent. of the entire popu- 1mD I have been face to lation (that is, practically all of the face with the gaunt children) are in school. In India, poverty of India as only one in fifty of the popUlation is never before, but I in school. Only one man in ten and think I begin to see a one woman in a hundred can read way of bringing the riches of Christ and write. The others are easily to bear upon India's poverty for the cheated in business transactions. relief of her terrible economic need and the uplift of her moral and Third, there is India's great social spiritual life. need. This week a little girl, five years old, came on to the veranda. Think of the human hearts behind She is a child wife. If her husband these appalling facts. India has to- dies, she is left a widow for life. day three hundred and fifteen million Think of what these figures mean: people. Within this small peninsula, with less than half the area of the CHILD WIVES United States, crowded with over onefifth of the world's population, there Under five years ……………. 302,000 is more of pathos and suffering than Under ten years …….•…….• 2,600,000 in any other part of the world. Under fifteen years .•……….• 9,077,000 First, there is India's economic need. CHILD WIDOWS While the wealth per capita of the man in America or England is about Under five years …………….. 17,000 $2,000, the individual in India has Under ten years …………….. 111,000 only $Ioo, and his income averages Under fifteen years .•………•.. 335,000 $ro a year or three cents a day. That means poverty. Forty millions in One woman in every six in India India lie down to-night hungry on an is a widow. Their condition is pitiearthen floor who have had but or:e able. Think also of the condition of meal to-day. During the last half fifty million outcastes who are count- century, twenty-two famines have ed beneath the dogs, whose number swept away more than twenty-eight equals half of the popUlation of the millions of the population. The United States. scenes of the last great famine I can never forget: the cattle dying in the Fourth, there are the moral and streets, children sold to evil men, and religious needs of India, where their I4,o00 people dying every day. India sacred books show that even their indeed, is the poorest country in the gods bear a record or" sins. There world. are more idols in tbis land than in any country on earth. Second, there is India's great edu- Not long ago, these figures seemed to represent an ocean of human need, so vast that nothing could re- lieve it. Of late, however, we have

begun to see a way out. The Rural money-lenders. Each member signs Department of the Young Men's a bond, and loans are made upon a Christian Association has only just business basis, so that there is no de- begun to meet the physical, educa- moralizing charity. Practically every tional, social, moral, and religious loan is paid, and no money is lost.

needs of the poverty-stricken man- These credit societies are increasing hood of India. Nine-tenths of the to-day in India faster than in any people live in villages. So numerous country in the world, while their are the villages that if Christ had capital has increased three hundred- visited one every day for these 1,900 fold in a decade.

years, He would not yet have finished The Y. M. C. A. makes this eco- the more than 700,000 villages of In- nomic movement the leverage for a dia. Few of the low-caste people of higher moral and spiritual plane of the villages have two square meals a life. For instance, no man can get a day. They are in debt, the slaves of loan who drinks or lives an immoral the money-lenders, easily cheated, life. The village can not receive and unable to read or write. loans unless a night school is main- The National Secretary of the Y. tained for the education of the chil- M. C. A. in India, Mr. K. T .. Paul, dren, and unless sanitation and moral seems to have been raised up as the conditions are attended to. Having man for the hour. He began with a placed a village upon a new and group of able, educated young Indian higher economic basis a Christian rural secretaries, and has had these Association is formed among the men trained by the Madras govern- young men. They are gathered into ment at government expense. These Bible classes and encouraged in vol- men are made experts in seed selec- untary Christian work. Then the vil- tion, practical agriculture, the or- lage boys, long stunted, but hungry ganization of village banks or co- for play, are gathered in the evening operative credit societies. They first and taught simple games. It is path- organize the Christians of an area etic to see the older people, who into a Cooperative Credit Society to through poverty had missed the play- get them out of debt and out of the time of youth, join with the children hands of the conscienceless money- in these games.

lenders. The poor are paying to During this year, we plan to ex- these money-lenders 12,·24, 30, 50, tend our rural association work, and or 100 per cent. interest without re- enter three thousand villages in ducing the principal. The Credit So- South India and Hyderabad to lift ciety makes loans at a very low rate the people out of debt, train the mis- of interest to enable the people to sion agents, start temperance reform, buy grain, make productive invest- and organize Christian Associations ments, get a little piece of land, or a among young men and boys in the pair of oxen for plowing, and to get midst of this great population of out of slavery to the high-castes and forty millions.

Power of Christ In

BY REV. E. M. WIlERRY, D.D., LUIHIIANA, INDIA no. F all classes in India, every item of heretical misbelief or . among those who have unhelief current among Christians and hy similar methods attempt to confronted the Christian bolster up their own faith and at the evangelist, none have same time attack the Christian relig- been quite so obstin- ion hy the methods of false inter- ate as the high caste pretation and false philosophy. Mod- ern science, so deadly to both Hindu- Hindu and the orthodox Moslem. ism and Islam, is used to antagonize the Christian Scriptures in the hope of Among these, too, there are the staying their influence on the minds of the people. Reformed Hindu and the Reformeu The Christian preachers, being for Muslim. The Arya Samaj, altho the most part but poorly equippeo to withstand the assaults of intelat the bottom a social and political lectual unbelief, are usually despised as ignorant bigots; they however have movement, has for its ultimate weapons which defy the assaults of the great and the wise of this world. object the return of many divisions Christianity is a life and bestows a character upon the true believer of Hinduism to the teachings of the whi<::h speaks louder than the .preach- ers of a subtle philosophy or a bar- Vedas and the social life of that, to ren cult. The following incidents are an illustration of the power of them, perfect condition. Naturally the Christian impact upon the con- science of a sincere Hindu or Mosthe Gospel, with its antagonism lem.

to the whole idolatry and pantheistic The following is a translation of an article published in the Nursystem of Hinduism, is hated with a A/shan, a Christian weekly published at Ludhiana, entitled, deadly hatred. In like manner the The Priceless Gem of the Panjab. new Moslem of India, seeking to re- The author is a Hindu. form his religion, dislikes the Chris- "I am employed in the Forest De- partment. Coming down the mountian religion because Christianity is tain one day I saw a Sidhu coming up the ascent. He had a few books tlJe antipodes of the moral and social in his hand and a blanket on his shoulder. He strode along in the system of Islam, because the aggres- siveness of Christianity is necessarily a denial of the claims of his prophet and his whole system of militarism in state and religion. His attempt to spiritualize the Zwiaina doctrines is necessary to ally the opposition of the orthodox party in his own camp and at the same time to mislead the Christian as to the real character of even his reformed cult.

Both these progressive classes are the product of western education, which has made it impossible for them to hold to their own religion as interpreted by their own standard instructors. They catch greedily at

mid-day sun, the perspiration rolling baptism at the hand of Rev. Mr.

to like water down his face. At first Jones, altho he greatly desired to be I thought join with him and have baptized with that wounded hand, a little conversation, but then I said to myself, "I will see what he will but could not because Sadhu Simdor do and where pe will go." A little later he entered a village and after Singh does not baptize but preaches wiping his face he sat down upon a log and began to sing, the Gospel only. Yet he may know 'When we were drowning in sin, that by his means hundreds of souls Christ from Heaven came to save, etc. are brought to Christ, of whom he I, an enthusiastic Arya, became furiously angry, and when he began has no personal knowldge. 0, Christo preach I could scarcely restrain myself. At the same time a man tian; what visionary Christ are you sprang forward from out of the crowd and with a blow knocked the following? This is the following of holy man from the seat headlong upon his face, hurting his hand badly the Living Christ. 0, Hindu Sadhus; and cutting his cheek. That brave man rose up and bound his hand who lie about the palaces of the rich with his turban and did not say a Yord. With the blood flowing down merchants, indulging yourselves with his face and tears mingling with the bloody stream, he began to sing a sweetmeats in your idleness, here is song of joy and praise to God, and then prayed God's blessing upon us. a real Sadhu, who sacrificing his These tears of the holy man dropt life goes about seeking for lost like pearls upon the ground. One day they will come forth from the sheep in the dens and caves of these ground as real pearls. What! Is it possible that the blood and tears of mountains. Just think, that at the such a spiritual person should be fruitless? Never, I who was once age of twenty-six years, this exalted a stolid member of the Arya Samaj -tho I have not yet been baptized- service has never been rendered for yet I have been drawn out of the well of contempt and brought to the worldly gain 0, Christians, Fountain of life. We may not know where Seoami Maharaj (Simdor 0, Hindus and Moslems; now is Singh) may be at his time, but that Kirpa Rane, who threw your honor your opportunity to secure benefit down, is now in search of you, and wants to know where his guru from companionship with this holy (teacher) has gone. He has received man, sl1ch priceless gems do not con- tinue for long in this world! But, alas! we generally get awake just when such gems go from us. During their lifetime we oppose them with lengthy discourses and the acceptance of truth is in such low estate that if one were to rise from the dead and come to his brother, he would not believe (Luke 16: 31). I pray God to save me from this deadly con- dition and give me the fellowship of such a holy teacher. . . .

In conclusion I would beseech all readers of the Nur Afshan to pray for me, that I may be able to confess openly my faith in the Lord Christ."

(Signed) AN INQUIRER.

Another case of special interest is presented in the following statement

16 THE POWER OF CHRIST IN INDIA

made by a convert from Islam and "The Word of God" and "The Spirit is typical of many others. This of God."

gentleman is now a college professor 5. The statement that Jesus began and an earnest Christian. to talk in His infancy.

He says: 'When I was a boy of 6. That Jesus is beloved both in thirteen years and onward until nine- this world and in that which is to teen years I was very much inter- come; and one who was counted ested in the Christian religion. I worthy to enter into the Divine read many Christian books of a con- Presence.

troversial character, among them the 7. That God gave to Jesus a Book Mizan-ul-Haqq (Balance of Truth), (The Gospel) and wisdom.

the Asmar-i-Shirin (Sweet First 8. That Jesus claimed to have Faith) and the Minar-ul-Haqq (The brought a sign from God.

Pillar of Truth). These and many 9. That Jesus said in respect to other books I greatly prized. By- Himself, "0, people, I can show ynu and-by my father came to know of what you eat and what is in your my interest in these Christian books houses, and this is a proof to you and one day he discovered my library that what I say to you is true, that and after becoming acquainted with I am come to you from God."

their teaching he became furiously 10. That He said He had to make angry with me. Seizing the books some of the things lawful which for he consigned them to the flames and you are now unlawful-( clean and threatened to disinherit me if he ever unclean meats, etc.) heard of my having anything to do 11. That Jesus is a type of the with such books or with the Christian Resurrection.

religion. This much is said for Jesus but Bereft of my books, I began to not one of these things is said of study the Koran. I made a point to Mohammed.

learn what the Koran taught in re- Vhen I became a young man I gard to Jesus. I made special notes was fond of antagonizing the Chris- on the following points: tian preachers, arguing against their I. The miraculous birth of Jesus religion; and when I worsted them and the good news given by the in arguments I was very proud of angels. having done so. Nevertheless, when 2. The miracles of Jesus, especial- I recalled the testimony of the ly his cleansing the lepers, raising Kuran to Jesus claims, already men- the dead, giving sight to one born tioned above, and also the things blind, etc.-Of Muhammad none of I had read in the Bible, and especial- these things were said: He wrought ly Jesus' words, "I am the way,"

no miracles. I felt convicted of sin. Then I be- 3. The perfectly pure and holy gan to question whether Jesus ever character of the Mother of Jesus, said the things I had read in the greatly emphasized in the Koran. Gospel according to John. I then This also was said that He was vf began to pray earnestly that God a pious family. might show me the truth. At last 4. The fact that Jesus was called one night I awoke about two or

three o'clock, I arose from my bed, ing of His Word, I receive a wonperformed the ceremonial rites for derful contentment and happiness. purifying myself and sat on my Day by day my sOLlI is refreshed and prayer carpet, and recited my prayer. a new strength comes to me. My I cried out as in the agony of death, heart goes out to my Mohammedan "Almighty God, reveal to me the brethren and my earnest prayer !s thing which I desire to know." Then that they, too, may believe and con- I fell asleep upon the prayer carpet. fess their faith in Jesus Christ as I then saw a light shining and then their Lord and Savior." a person stood by clad in a long white robe. Embracing me he said, These statements are intere';~ll1g "I am the Apostle John and am not only because they encourage the sent to tell you that I wrote the hearts of all who preach the Gospel Gospel you have read and that what in faith but they show how God by I wrote about Jesus was true. This His Word and Spirit is also and alis truly the Word of Christ and He ways working in the hearts of those sent me to you to comfort your heart who truly seek to know the truth. and lead you to believe." I replied, "Amanna 0 Sadaqua" (I believe and It is specially interesting to notice I accept). I then awoke full of joy, how the Word of God as preached and from that day I set myself to and read is used by the Spirit to conseek for Him whom I now believed vince the unbelieving heart both as to be the Truth and Life. From the to its sinfulness and as to the Savior. time when I accepted Christ as my Lord and Savior, my heart has been We have in narratives of this filled with peace and comfort, be- kind an insight into the value of the cause I had received from Him for- printed page-both as Sacred Scripgiveness. All my anxiety departed ture and as a religious literature. There and my heart is glad. In the read- 'are many men and women who are being quietly led by the Spirit iuto a living faith in Jesus Christ as the God and Savior of men.

INDIAN CHRISTIANS AND THE WAR The Christians of India are coming more and more to a consciousness of their own solidarity and strength. An interesting and significant sign of this unification and broader outlook is found in the report from the London Christian that from the churches of northwest India companies of Indian Christians are volunteering for the defense of India and of the British Empire. In the Panjab are 200,000 of the 3,876,000 Christians of all India, but from the younger men of these Christian communities three companies of soldiers have volunteered. One of them is made up from members of churches in communion with the English Established Church, the other two from the Presbyterian churches of the Panjab. Even should these hundreds of Christian Indians never see service outside of India, their experience in organized and disciplined life must count for much, both as proof of the loyalty of Indian Christians to the Empire and in bringing these young leaders of the Christian churches into the fellowship of a common experience.

– T he Congregationalist.

Facts About Africa *

BY REV. J. E. CROWTHER 11 ethodist Episcopal Church.

Africa comprizes nearly one-fourth of the earth's land surface. Africa is four times the size of the United States, and ten thousand times as large as the state of Rhode Island. It is as great a distance around the coast of Africa as it is around the world. Every eighth person of the world's population lives in the Dark Continent. The blacks double their numbers every forty years and the whites every eighty years. If the population of Africa were to be represented by the letters contained in the Bible it would require forty Bibles to set forth the number of this vast multitude. There are 843 languages and dialects in use amoug the blacks of Africa. Comparatively few of these languages have been reduced to writing. The coal fields of Africa aggregate 800,000 square miles; its' copper fields equal those of North America and Europe combined, and its undeveloped iron ore amounts to five times that of North America. Its forests would build a board walk, six inches thick and eight miles wide around the globe. It would be made of ebony, teak, rosewood, mahogany and almost every known kind of timber. Africa has forty thousand miles of river and lake navigation, and water power aggregating ninety times those of Niagara Falls. In the interior of Africa the black man is the freight train. Each man carries about sixty pounds. To carry the load drawn by an American freight engine would require an army of 125,000 blacks. If Africa had the same proportion of railroad mileage as the United States according to its size, it would have a million miles of track instead of the 25,000 miles now in operation. The Africans are eager for education, for this means wage-earning power. It is a common sight in the railroad yards during the lunch hour to see a group of natives conning over the spelling-book. One area in Africa unoccupied by missionaries is three times the size of New England, a second would make four states like New York, a third would cover eight lowas, and a fourth is eighteen times the size of Ohio. Throughout Africa there is only one missionary for every 133,000 souls. It is probable that as many people are killed in Africa every year as a result of witchcraft as were killed in all the armies of Europe during the first year of the present war. Africa is the land of the "open sore." The ravages of disease are in evidence on every hand. In some parts of the continent there is no isolation of leprosy cases, nor any restriction of their movements. Venereal diseases are well-nigh universal. Almost the entire continent is now under European flags. France has a colony in Africa twenty timeS' the size of France itself. The British flag flies over a territory as large as the United States, and extends almost without interruption from the Cape to Cairo, a distance of six thousand miles. Mohammedanism is spreading very rapidly throughout the entire continent. Every third person in Africa is a Mohammedan. There are over 4,000,000 of them south of the equator. Within the next twenty years millions more will have gone over to Islam unless the Christian Church bestirs herself.

* Men and Missions.

of Three f–ield-Marshals*

The following letter, signed by three field-marshals (Lord Roberts, Lord Grenfell, and Lord Methuen), has been printed for distribution among officers in the English Army. The testimony which the field-marshals bear to the work of foreign missions is unequivocal.

Dear Sir: As officers who have had the honor of serving the Crown in many lands and among people of different races, we desire, from our own experience, to draw your special attention to a subject which we judge to be of the highest importance to a British officer.

Holding His Majesty's commission, you will probably before long serve abroad among non-Christian peoples. We would venture to remind you of the great influence of such a position and the serious responsibility it entails.

Whether we recognize the fact or not, our personal lives materially affect the estimation in which the claims of Christianity are held by numbers of natives around us. For instance, a thoughtless word or careless behavior may give them wrong and unfavorable impressions as to beliefs and institutions which we are sure you at any rate in your heart really value and would wish to honor. Respect for the Christian Sunday and the attitude of a British officer toward Christian worship are closely observed, and have great effect on the native mind. During his recent visit to India the high example of His Majesty the King in these two particulars has' made a profound impression.

Besides this (sometimes unconscious) personal influence, there is the fact that you will almost certainly come into contact with the representatives of various Christian missionary societies, whose special work it is to show to non- Christian peoples the love of the Christ whom you profess to serve.

We commend these missionaries to you as a body of men and women who are working helpfully with the Government, and contributing to the elevation of the people in a way impossible to official action. Some object to Christian missions in ignorance of their real value. We would suggest that you will use all opportunities of making yourself personally acquainted with the work they are doing and the character of the converts. Most missions will bear looking into, and we are convinced that, if you do this, you will never afterwards con- demn or belittle them.

Already the results of Christian missions in many places are very striking.

For instance in the Uganda Protectorate (Central Africa) there is' now a pros- perous and peaceful community of nearly 90,000 Christians where not one exist- ed thirty years ago, and where unutterable atrocities were of daily occurrence; while on the northwest frontier of India the pacific influence of missions among the fierce Pathan tribes has been of incalculable value to our Government.

Some of the noblest characters we have met have been missionaries, and the friendships we have made with them are among our cherished memories.

We venture to hope you will make the acquaintance of such men, thus showing a fellow countryman's sympathy in what is frequently a very difficult and discouraging effort, sometimes sorely trying to health and spirits.

We earnestly hope that you will receive this letter in the friendly spirit in which it is sent. Yours very truly, ROBERTS, GRENFELL, • Reprinted by r~quest from The East and the West. METHUEN.

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. MAKING MUSIC EFFECTIVE FOR MISSIONS ~~~~~~ N many mis'sionary pro- gave her the victory and with a new joy grams music is an un- in her heart she kept echoing the refrain, important factor. Yet it "I surrender, I surrender, I surrender has great possibilities of all!" power. Many a soul has been led to respond to Making music effective on the mis- sionary program-in the church service, God's call to missionary service through the Sunday-school, the prayer-meeting, the use of sacred song. the women's and young people's societies -is.an important problem. This month, Two such instances have come within at the request of the Methods Class conour personal knowledge. One Sunday eve- ducted by Mrs. Harry Wade Hicks at ning some years ago the pastor of a large Silver Bay, we devote the department city church gave out "Ye Christian to it. Heralds, Go Proclaim," as the closing hymn of the service. One member of SOME PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS the quartet that led the music in this -church, a young man with a fine bass BY D. BREWER EDDY,* BOSTON, MASSAvoice, had long been a Christian, but was just learning the joys of active service. CHUSETTS As he sang the stirring words of this hymn with its clarion call to the mission Associate Secretary of the American Board. field, he heard God's voice summoning him to go. It involved the giving up of In preparing for a missionary meeting certain bright business prospects and too many leaders turn to the back of the probably the breaking of a tender tie, yet hymn book and pick out "The Morning that night before he slept, the young Light is Breaking" or "Fling Out the singer resolved, God permitting, to be Banner," and think that has solved the a foreign missionary, and soon after question. Yet in no other meeting is it enrolled himself as a Student Volunteer. more necessary to make the music an aid to the meeting itself. So let us start The other instance was that of a young out with the thought that it is going to woman who distinctly heard God's call to take special effort and some "gray matthe field but was unwilling to go. For ter" to make missionary music forceful months a struggle went on in her heart and interesting. and she was very unhappy. At last, while singing the hymn, "I Surrender," Too often we plan to sing three hymns at a summer conference, the crisis came. before the address and one after. Used In an agony of soul she crept away to in this fashion music is merely a timelay the matter before God and settle it killer. It occupies space until we are one way or the other. Ere long God * Mr. Eddy is a member of the famous "Amer- ican Board Quartet" which has rendered such effective service at Northfield and elsewhere. He is an authority on music as related to missions. -B. M. B.

ready for the address to begin and winds 3. Try changing the usual place of the it up at the close. This is far too low lllusic on the program. Instead of singa conception. ing at the beginning when the people are gathering, have two or even three hymns The first thing to be striven for is the with special points about each one, right announcing and presenting of the music in the middle of the meeting and let there in some novel way that will compel and be none at either the opening or the closhold the attention. Hymns are seldom ing. Or divide the program into three given out in a way that makes manifest sections and put hymns between each. the definite connection between them and the theme of the meeting. 4. When you want a hymn of petition or praise, or promise, be sure that the Here are some very simple sugges- words bear out your designation. Learn tions that can be adapted to the needs of to use hymns according to their types and any organization. If followed out they divisions, such as Hymns of Prophecy, will help to set those meetings in a class Hymns of Comfort, Hymns of Promise, by themselves where they will not be Hymns of Triumph, etc. forgotten. 5. It is a good idea to offer a little 1. Choose one or two of the hymns exercise of your own arranging. Let with special reference to the meaning of three members rise on one side of the the words. Read over the verses and room and three on the other. Then let find the one particular verse most ap- Al present a few verses of prophecy and plicable to the thought. Before singing the BI reply with a few recent missionary hymn read that one verse with emphasis facts bearing on the prophecy. Then on the meaning. It is better to avoid the have a hymn sung, the words bearing first verse because that is so familiar. closely on the same subject. A2 then For instance, the third verse of "Jesus adds other prophecies and B2 other facts Shall Reign" is much bett~r to read be- and so on. By way of illustration-supfore singing than the first verse. pose Al quotes the great prophecy in Isaiah 55 that the thorn is to give place 2. Always think over in advance some to the fir and the briar to the myrtle; news item or point of application that B2 quotes as exact fulfilments the facts may be given as the reason for choosing of the mass movements in India or the each particular hymn. For instance, our great national anti-opium and anti-footfellow Christians are now dying by the binding reforms in China; after which hundreds of thousands in Turkey. The an sing the second verse of "The Mornhymn, "Faith of Our Fathers," intro- ing Light is Breaking." This could be reduced by a brief statement of actual con- peated six times around, if desired, each ditions in Turkey will rivet attention time with great effect. throughout. A simple reference to the persecutions of the Covenanters or the 6. A study of individual hymns win struggle in Europe of the Thirty Years' suggest new arrangements. For in- "ATar and the precious value of our stance, have you noticed that in the blood-bought Protestantism will lift the hymn, "Watchman, Tell Us of the singing of that hymn to a new plane. Night," two lines could be sung by one One who is in touch with missionary side of the room as "watchmen" and facts can easily give news items that will the next two lines by the other as make the lofty prophetic utterances in "travelers ?" Each class is definitely such hymns as "Jesus Shall Reign," addrest so that the meaning and use is "Fling Out the Banner," and "Hail to obvious. Let it be an antiphon. It the Brightness of Zion's Glad Morning," rivets attention. Different rows might seem wen within the reach of possibility and fulfilment.

OF BEST METHODS

sing different lines or different verses. THE NINETY AND NINE* But this, of course, requires a clever leader. A NEW VERSION 7. Very often I have sought to drive 1. There was one fair lamb that safely lay the words of a hymn home to an audience In the shelter of the fold, by having them all read instead of sing it. If this is done, especially after a But ninety and nine were lost-away- missionary talk, the application is at Far off from the gates of gold- once apparent. Illustrations can be so easily found that they need not be given Away on the mountains wild and bare, here. Away from the tender Shepherd's care.

S. It always adds interest if a double 2. "Lord, I am here, this lamb of Thine- quartet can stand around the piano in a Am I not enough for Thee?" very informal way and sing from some other book than the one used in the meet- But the Shepherd made answer: "Ninety ing. They need not be unusual singers and nine and ten minutes practise is as good as an hour. The selection may be anything Are still far away from me, from a missionary anthem down to a And altho the road be rough and steep, simple Sunday-school hymn and may be I go to the desert to find each sheep." taken from any book available. No matter how simple it is it will add to the 3. But little that ransomed one ever knew attractiveness of your meeting. How deep were the waters crossed, 9. The last suggestion has to do with Nor how dark were the nights that the the history of some of the great mis- Lord passed through, sionary hymns. If some story can be told as the preface to the singing of the Ere He found His sheep that were lost. hymn, hearts will be deeply stirred by it. Out in the desert He heard their cry- Who has not sung with new meaning the Sick and helpless and ready to die. great hymn, "0 Love That Will Not Let Me Go," after learning that it was writ- 4. "Lord, whence are those blood drops all ten by Matheson on the eve of his blind- the way ness? The shadow was upon him when he wrote the immortal second verse, "I That mark out the mountain's tracks?" yield my flickering torch to Thee." "They are shed for all who have gone Audiences have been moved to tears by the mere telling of the circumstances astray under which that hymn was created. So Ere the Shepherd can bring them back." it may be with the great missionary "Lord, whence are Thy hands so rent and hymns. Stating some interesting item concerning them will feather the arrow torn ?" into the hearts of the singers. "They are pierced to-night by many a Very interesting stories regarding thorn." many missionary hymns may be found in books on hymnology. Amos R, Wells' 5. But all through the mountains, thunder- "A Treasure of Hymns," is a recently riven, published book which is helpful. One of the best references is a chapter on music And up from the rocky steep, in "Holding the Ropes." W ill arise a glad cry to the gates of heaven: "Rejoice; I have all my sheep." As the angels echo around the throne: "Rejoice; for the Lord brings back His own."

SPECIAL MUSIC-SECULAR OR SACRED?

Shall the special music sung at a mis- sionary meeting be secular or sacred? This, alas, is an open question with some program makers.

The answer depend:; on the aim. If • Reprinted from The Helping Hand. This would make a fine solo after an address on "The Greatness of the Task," iIlustdated with maps and charts showing the unoccupied fields and the vast.

ness of the non-Christian population of the world.

Jolrn la,16 would be an appropriate text to ac· company it.-B. M. B.. .

the purpose is merely to enliven the only be sacred in character but be renmeeting and give pleasure to men rather dered by singers whose hearts are in than honor to God, secular music may do harmony with the purposes of God. We very well. But it is useless to expect would not think of asking those not results from it. It takes missionary seed Christians to lead in prayer or read the to produce a missionary harvest and Scriptures at our meetings. Yet we see even the most ardent advocates of secular nothing incongruous in having singers music as a means of increasing interest who have not made their peace with God and attendance, will hardly claim that stand up and sing for us words exsecular love songs such as we have heard pressive of intense prayer and deep desung at more than one missionary meet- votion. What a mockery it must seem ing have in them even the tiniest germs in the eyes of God ! of missionary zeal. "The singers must be consecrated to If, on the other hand, the aim is to lift God if their songs are to reach the the meeting to a higher plane and plant people," says Charles M. Alexander in noble purposes in the heart of men to The Sunday-School Times. "I have do and dare for God, then sacred music often seen a man or woman with a lovely alone must be used. It will give as much voice get up and sing some of the most pleasure or more, for the grandest music beautiful airs. The audience was held ever written was inspired by sacred and interested, but when the singer sat themes that glorify God. No one would down you could see that the people had think of using secular music in the been imprest only for a time. They had church service, the Sunday-school or not been led closer to Christ. Their prayer-meeting. Why then in the mis- thoughts had been taken no higher than sionary meeting? the singer and left there.

Special music in the missionary meet- "Just after that some man or woman ing may range all the way from elaborate with an ondinary voice, but a cons'ecrated anthems to simple Gospel songs, but in heart, would get up and sing a message the experience of many leaders, the that carried you up to God. The audience Gospel song has the greater power. might criticize the quality of the voice, but the message was left imbedded in the "At the Moody Church on my first heart. I am not ,discounting quality. I Sunday in Chicago," says Charles M. would choose a splendid voice and con- Alexander, the wodd-famous leader of secration rather than a poor voice and sacred song, "I learned a lesson which consecration; but I would prefer a poor I have never forgotten-that simplicity voice and consecration to a gifted voice in a Gospel song or hymn is one of the without consecration. . . . cardinal points, if you want to reach the heart. I have never known of anyone "Consecration should also be the posbeing truly converted to .God through session of a person apt to be overlooked hearing an oratorio; I will go further -the accompanist. He, no less than the and say that I have never known of a singers, should be thoroughly consecrated case where anyone has been truly con- to God. vVhen Robert Harkness, my verted through the singing of an anthem; Australian pianist, came with me, God yet I have known thousands to be con- used me to lead him to Christ. In differverted through the singing of a simple ent places where we have gone people Gospel hymn." have told me of their conversion through his accompaniment on the piano. In his THE SPECIAL SINGERS prelude he often gives a religious tone to the meeting before a note has been To wield its full power in the mission- sung. Get the best accompanist you can, ary meeting the special music should not

OF BEST METHODS

but be sure that he is a consecrated comer and the society was not yet fully Christian." acquainted with her views.

Many will regard this as too high an They believed in secular solos and ideal, but it is being attained in at least other worldly attractions as a means of a few churches and gives great blessing arousing interest and increasing atand power. tendance. But somehow the interest and attendance had failed to increase. In Doctor Mark Matthews' great church of 5,000 members in Seattle, The Zealous Hostess was eager to help. Washington-said to be the largest Pres- So she invited her new neighbor, the byterian Church in the world-no one is Musical Bride, to playa piano solo at the admitted to the choir who is not a New President's very first meeting. It Christian and only deeply spiritual music was to be held at her house. is rendered. When asked to name the reasons why his church is always filled The New President was greatly disand usually so crowded that many are turbed. It was a shattering of her ideals turned away, Doctor Matthews gave this at the very beginning. But it would not as one. do to hurt the feelings of those who were trying to help. Was there any way out? In the Moody Church, Chicago, the choir rehearsals begin with prayer and First she went to the Zealous Hostess. close with a season of prayer where any Would she care very much if the one in special need may voice it and Musical Bride played next month instead have it remembered in the petitions. On of now? No; it would not matter at Sunday morning, before delivering their all. Then she called on the Musical message of sacred song they meet again Bride. Would she be willing to arrange for a brief rehearsal and prayer for a a medley of missionary hymns and play bless'ing on their work. it at the next meeting? Yes; she would be very glad to. There was a way out! At Northfield Mr. Moody once called attention to the fact that at the dedica- At the close of the next meeting in tion of Solomon's Temple it was not place of refreshments (the society had during the reading of the Law nor during voted to do without them for a year) the prayer, but when the Levites were slips of paper and pencils were passed singing, that the Holy Ghost came and the Musical Bride played her medley (2 Chronjcles 5: 11-14). -a clever piece of work. The members tried to write down the hymns as she "I think this puts a high honor upon played and at the close a correct list was music," he said. "I believe it is just as read. important that we sing in the spirit as that we pray in the spirit or speak in the There were loud calls for repetition. spirit. Many a church has lost its power So the Musical Bride played it again, on account of a choir that is out of har- this time with the whole society singing! mony with God. The Levites were The dozen hymns used were as follows: probably singing some portion of the Scriptures when the Shekinah came and "Hail to the Brightness of Zion's Glad He came with such power that the whole Morning." choir broke down." "0 Zion, Haste, Thy Mission High Ful- A MUSICAL MEDLEY filling."

The New President believed in making "Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun." every part of the missionary program "The Morning Light is Breaking." tell for missions. But she was a new- "Ye Christian Heralds Go Proclaim." "Fling Out the Banner." "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." "At the Name of Jesus Every Knee Shall Bow."

"All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name." Home Missions, will help solve the "Watchman, Tell Us of the Night." problem of music in any missionary "Whosoever Heareth, Shout, Shout the service. It may be ordered from Miss Sound." M. H. Leavis, Agent, West Medford, Mass. Single copies, 10 cents, postage AVAILABLE MUSIC 3 cents extra; lots of 25 or more at special reductions. Anthems Another excellent hymnal is that pub- Many of the best church anthems lished by the Laymen's Missionary sound a distinct missionary note and are Movement, New York, at 10 cents a appropriate for any service held in the copy. interest of missions. Here is a list of nine selected by a church organist who is 3. Hymn-leaflets. – Almost all the actively interested in missions: Vomen's Boards issue special hymns in leaflet form at cost small enough to per- "God So Loved the World."-Stainer. mit their use at special meetings. The "The Light of the World."-Bmckett. Woman's Missionary Society of the "Hail to the Lord's Anointed."-Brackett. Methodist Church, 581 Boylston Street, "Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun."- Boston, Mass., publishes a large assort- Schnecker. ment of these and the Woman's Baptist "Arise, Shine, for Thy Light is Come."- Foreign Missionary Society, Ford Build- Dudley Buck. ing, Boston, several very good ones. The "How Beautiful Upon the Mountains."- Woman's Missionary Conference of the Andrews. Lutheran Church, Box 280, Columbia, "Go Ye Therefore, and Teach All Nations."-Trowbridge. S. c., publishes "The King's Highway," "All the Ends of the Earth."-Hatton. "The Light of Men." – H. Clough- so popular at Northfield last summer, at Leighter. 2 cents a copy, 20 cents a dozen.

To these we would add "But Now 4. The Baptist missionary magazine, Thus Saith the Lord," a missionary Missions, publishes a hymn each month, anthem recently composed for the Do- most of them excellent. mestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church by 5. The Christian Herald is publishing T. Tertius Noble, and published by the a series of sacred songs especially writ- Board of Missions, 281 Fourth Avenue, ten for them by well-known compos·ers. New York, at 10 cents a single copy, 8 The one in the issue of April 26th, is cents in lots of 12 or more. "Go Ye Into All the World," by J. B. Hymns Hymns for use in the missionary meet- Herbert. ing may be found as follows: 1. The Regular Hymnals.-These all STORIES OF THE HYMNS contain many hymns listed under the Hymns associated with great missionhead of "Missions." Besides these there aries and famous native Christians, or are hymns of courage, faith, consecration connected with notable events in misand surrender that can be used with great sionary history, have great value in any power. mISSIOnary service. A fine missionary 2. The Missionary HymnaL – This song service may be arranged in which valuable collection of more than 200 such hymns are sung and their stories selections compiled by Elsie Stewart told. The missionary stories of more Hand and issued jointly by the Federa- than a dozen hymns were printed in tion of Women's Foreign Missionary THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in June, 1903, Societies and the Council of Women for and reprinted with a number of others in "Holding the Ropes." Two addi- tional ones may be found, the one in

OF BEST METHODS

"Stewart of Lovedale," pp. 131 and 132; "Indian Song and Story," by Alice C. the other in "The Life of George Gren- Fletcher, contains many North American fell," pp. 536 and 537. Indian melodies.

NATIVE AIRS FROM THE MISSION 'Murray's One Hundred Voluntaries" FIELD contains a famous Chinese air, "The Jasmine Flower," harmonized for piano Native airs from the mission fields sung or organ. See selection 89, page 93. by persons drest in native costume afford a pleasing novelty. Such music does not In a mission band conducted by the always have a deep spiritual value, but Best Methods editor years ago, a like curios and pictures it creates an favorite exercise was singing foreign interest in foreign lands and peoples. words to welI known hymn-tunes. The words, divided into syllables, were For a missionary social a concert pro- plainly printed on the blackboard, and gram of such music might be arranged slowly pronounced, first by the leader, with solos, duets and choruses. Not long then by the children in concert. This ago The Missionary Herald gave an ac- done, there was no trouble about the count of a "concert in seven languages" singing and it was always immensely given by a native debating society in the enjoye'd. This is a good plan for the Gilbert Islands. The program consisted Sunday-school and the home circle on of songs in the tunes and speech of six Sunday afternoon as well as for the mis- Pacific groups-Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, sion band. Kusaie, Gilbert Islands and Niue (Savage Island). These with a duet ren- The Doxology dered in English by the missionary and his' wife, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Grenfell, "Praise God from whom all blessings made up the seven languages. What flow," in Burmese. these natives did so successfully, any Kah-me-daw thah-daw we-nyin-daw, society il!- this country can do. Music Tah-soo pah-yah pyit-taw-moo-thaw, Gon-cha-zoo-daw-go che-mon-gon, of this character can be found as follows: Nee-mate-tah that-tah-wah lone-zone. "Music from the Mission Fields." Jesus Loves Me Pamphlet with 16 selections from 9 different countries. United Society of (Korean words.) Christian Endeavor, Boston, Mass., price 10 cents. 1. Ya-su sa-rang-ha-sim-un, Ko-ruk-ha-sin mal it-Ia; "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," contains chants sung in honor of the O-rin go-si yak-ha-na, Prophet; also .other Arabic airs. Ya-su kwon-sa man-to-ta.

"The Apostle of Alaska," by Arc- CHORUS tander, contains two Tsimshean songs. Nal sa-rang-hu-sim, "Peru, Its Story, People and Religion," Nal sa-rang-hu-sim, contains an Inca melody to which Nal sa-rang-hu-sim, "Savior, Teach Me, Day by Day," or Syong-Kyong-e su-son-na. any 7.7.7.7. hymn might be sung. 2. Cho-ral sa-rang-ha-si-ni, "All About Japan" contains four native Cho-e cha-ral ta sit-cho, Japanese airs. Ha-nal mun-ul yo-si-ko, "Samson Occom," by W. DeLos!, Love, Tu-ro-o-ka ha-si-na. contains an "Old Indian Hymn," to which the words of any English hymn in com- 3. Cha-ka yoon-yak-hal-sa-rok, mon metre double can be sung. To-ok kwi-hi yeg-i-ni, Nop-hun po-chwa u-he-so, Na-jun da-ral po-si-na.

Dow How Loy Dock Wing Gwong 4. Ho wicada, ho wicada, ho wicada, wanna; Jesus ho wicada, ho wicada, wanna. ("In the Sweet By and By." Chinese words with Anglicized syllables. Pro- A HYMN FOR A YEAR nounce as in English.) A very excellent plan is in use in the 1. Joy hin gwock yow yut jaw wah me Stafford Home and Foreign Missionary Society, First Presbyterian Church, shaw, Canastota, N. Y., a woman's organization Yow sun dock gwa chi nong yin bong numbering more than 100 members. At the beginning of each year a hymn is geen; chosen for the year and printed on slips Foo che hoy hen boon geng jip gaw, of paper. These are distributed to the members and the hymn forms the open- Gwy koi choey gin die juck we on goey. ing number at each session. The hymn chosen for 1915, printed on CHORUS white paper measuring 314 by 5% inches is as follows: Dow how loy dock wing gwong, Go chi dan bit joy chop wah me chow. Missionary Postscript (By the Rev. J. H. Gilmore, author of "He 2. Jaung loy joey wah me gang jiltng ow go, Leadeth Me." Tune, "He Leadeth Me.") Ye gem cum wah lock sing so jook fook, 1. Jesus, our Savior and our Lord, Go ding sum wing yin bow bay foo-non, We bow to Him with glad accord. Yun joey see dock fook je lock bo 'Tis His to point us out the way; gaung. 'Tis ours to follow and obey.

3. Go jung yun mon fook foo choy ming CHORUS gong, He leadeth me! He leadeth me! Howng chon me jawk hin ji hing kay By His own hand He leadeth me; weng, His faithful follower I would be, For by His hand He leadeth me. Yun kay oy che si gun haung weng go- ong, 2. He leads us on to foreign lands, Mid Arctic snows, o'er tropic sands; Sik fook go shong foon hay sho seng And we obedient to His will, gut. Shall follow where He leadeth still.

Come To Jesus 3. Obeying His divine command, Sustained by His almighty hand, (Dakota words. North American Indians.) 'Tis ours to usher in that day 1. Jesus en u, Jesus en u, Jesus en u, wanna; When all the world shall own His sway.

U wo, Jesus en u, Jesus en u, wanna.

2. Jesus nico, Jesus nico, Jesus nico, wanna; U wo Jesus nico, Jesus nico, wanna.

3. En awacin, en awacin, en awacin, wanna; Jesus en awacin, en awacin, wanna.

BEST METHODS IN THE COMING MONTHS The following are some of the topics that we plan to treat in this department in the subsequent numbers of the 'REVIEW: BEST METHODS FROM MANY MISSIONARY WORKERS. RECRUITING THE MISSIONARY ARMY. WHAT PASTORS ARE DOING FOR MISSIONS. ENLISTING CHILDREN FOR MISSIONS. BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES. SUGGESTIONS FOR NEXT YEAR'S PROGRAM.

I DI

THE NEW "MISSIONARY REVIEW" the thought and wish of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson during his lifetime. Until re- A PUBLISHING COMPANY cently the way has not seemed open to N independent company has been take this step. Now it must be taken to formed to take over the publication preserve the REVIEW to the service of of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Christ and His cause. 'WORLD, beginning with October. For thirty-eight years THE MISSIONARY RE- A company has therefore been organ- VIEW OF THE WORLD has had a useful ized with Robert E. Speer, President; and prosperous history. It was founded Frank L. Brown, Vice-president; Walter by Rev. Royal G. Wilder in 1878, as an McDougall, Treasurer, and Delavan L. independent monthly with a Christian Pierson, Secretary. The other memworld-vision. Aften ten years under the bers of the Board are: Fleming H. founder's guiding genius, Dr. Arthur T. Revell, Dr. Charles R. Watson, Mrs. Pierson was editor-in-chief for twenty- Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. A. F. Schaufthree years. God has greatly used the fler, and Prof. Harlan P. Beach. These REVIEW in many parts of the world to directors include the elements of editorial educate and stimulate various classes of sagacity, wide influence, and business Christians to take a deeper interest in ability. They will be responsible for the the salvation of mankind. Pastors have editorial and business policy of the magreceived the vision of the world's need azine and it is expected that many imand of God's power, and have passed it provements will be made and much wider on to their people. Women have found circulation secured. in the REVIEW that which stirred their own lif(' and gave them valuable ideas A capital of $50,000 is necessary to for their missionary undertakings. V01- finance the enterprise, to put it on a firm unteers have, through the pages of the basis and bring it to a position of self- REVIEW, heard the call to service, and support. Over one-half of this amount Christ's stewards have been stimulated has been subscribed, and it is hoped that to give more largely and intelligently. the remainder will be secured in the near future. In view of the history of the REVIEW and its unique place and power among The magazine will be taken over by mIssIOnary periodicals, there seems the· new company beginning with the greater need for it than ever. The pres- October number. We bespeak from our ent publishers, however, have found that friends their continued and hearty supthey are unable to devote to it the spe- port even in a larger degree than in the cial attention it requires, and at the same past years. Readers are earnestly retime the editor and friends of the RE- quested to remember this enterprise in VIEW have become convinced that an in- prayer, and to ask for God's guidance. dependent company can best manage the Our readers are invited to send inquiries business and editorial policy, and can or suggestions as to changes and immost successfully promote its wider cir- provements in the REVIEW, addressing culation. This is in harmony also with them to the editor, Box 111 Madison Square Station, New York City.

FIVE MILLION FOR RELIEF passion in a practical way, and at the same time to win these historic Chris- AMBASSADOR MORGENTHAU tian races to a better understanding of estimates that it will take $5,000.000 the Christ they nominally follow. Gifts to save the lives and give a new start to should be sent to Charles R. Crane, treathe 1,000,000 starving and destitute Ar- surer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. menians, Syrians and Persian Nestorians, who have suffered the loss of all THE GOSPEL FOR RUSSIAN their possessions in the persecutions that PRISONERS have devastated their country. For the purpose of raising this money in Amer- IN response to the articles in "The Reica, the Laymen's Missionary Movement have loaned their executive staff of six- view" on work for Russian war pristeen men-most of whom will give all of oners, gifts large and small have been their time for some months to this work. received, one being for five hundred dol- Ma.ss meetings will be held in New lars, others for one hundred dollars, fifty York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, dollars, and smaller amounts. A student Detroit, Boston and elsewhere, at which in a Bible school of the Lutheran Brethaddresses will be given by such able ren in North Dakota sent fifty-seven advocates as Ambassador Morgenthau, dollars, with accompanying signatures of Dr. Nesbitt Chambers, of Adana; Rev. forty-one persons who had contributed. An aged minister who had learned of the J. P. McNaughton, of Smyrna; Dr. effort sent the following letter: "Thanks for your good letter. For your James L. Barton, and Dr. Samuel P. work in the spiritual help of the Russian Dutton. The entire expenses of this prisoners of war,. held by Germany and special campaign ($3,000 to $5,000 a Austria, I am, at a very great personal month) are being born by one man, who sacrifice, enclosing a check for one hunthus makes possible the forwarding of dred and thirty-five dollars, which I reall contributions to the relief work. The ceived to-day for annuity interest." Gifts plan is to secure the $5,000,000 in a may be sent to E. M. Bulkley, Treas., large number of subscriptions, so that Spencer Trask & Co., 25 Broad St., New many may have a share in the blessing York City. of ministering to one of the brethren of Christ-even the least. WORLD·WIDE Y. M. C. A. WORK The relief money will be sent to Ar- NEARLY three thousand delegateS' menia, Russia, Syri'a and Persia to provide for immediate need, and especially met in Cleveland (May 12th to to start the destitute sufferers on the 16th) for the thirty-ninth convention of road to self-support by supplying seed the Young Men's Christian Associations for planting and materials for manutac- of the United States and Canada. They ture and trade. This seems to be the represent a constituency of about half a only way in which these races can be million young men-in thousands of assaved from extinction. The call comes sociations-city, student, rural, railroad, forcibly,not only because the men, industrial, and army and navy. Particuwomen and little children are in dire lar interest centered in the stirring reneed, but because they might have saved ports of work among troops and pristhemselves by denying their faith in oners of war, and the wonderful move- Christ and becoming Moslems. Here is ment among the young men of India and an opportunity to show Christlike com- China.

WODLD-WIDE

SSI rvNEWS AFRICA ship, "there are indications that the Spirit of God is at work in a remarkable de- Old Greek Chu.ins in Egypt gree-and 'there is a sound of abundance of rain.' Men are coming to Christ in THE hold which some of the super- large numbers; they are showing a keen stitions of the Oriental Church may desire for Bible study, in one Australian camp about 150 men all meeting for the have upon Moslems, as well as Chris- purpose in one of the huts. Prayer meettians', is shown by a letter from Rev. ings for the forthcoming mission are be- Stephen Trowbridge, which tells of a ing largely attended. With such a wonvisit to the Church of St. George, in derful opportunity it is felt that the Cairo. "It is a Greek Orthodox Church, utmost use must be made of it, for surely built over the remains of a very ancient it can never occur again in this way." Coptic Church upon the traditional site of Joseph's and Mary's house in Egypt. The Bible in Abyssinia In a rather dark chamber in the basement a number of ignorant and poverty- ALTHO no foreign missionaries stricken folk had gathered. Tapers and matches were needed to see clearly what of any communion are tolerated in was going on. The strange fact was that Abyssinia, the British and Foreign Bible these superstitious Moslem folk, mostly Society was able last year, under the women, were carrying upon their shoul- patronage of Abuna Mattheos, Archders and around their arms parts of two bishop of Abyssinia, to open a depot at great iron chains and manacles, the ends Adis Ababa, the capital of the country. of which' were fastened in the waIl of Here editions of the Scriptures are sold this dark cell. When we inquired as to and. circulated, not only in Ethiopic, the the meaning of this, at first the peopIe liturgical language of the Abyssinian would tell us nothing, put they finally Church, but also in Amharic, Tigrinya, admitted that they came to get rid of Tigre, Galla, and other vernacular diasicknesses, and to avoid the power of the lects. The Society's representative at evil eye by carrying for hours at a time Adis Ababa-Mr. Athanassian-has orthe weight of these iron chains upon ganized the distribution of these verthem. The priest, who was one of the sions with vigor and perseverance. wardens, explained to us afterward that there is virtue and health-giving power Uncensored Facts from Kamerun in these ancient chains, which were used to confine martyrs imprisoned for the BRITISH control of the situation in the faith." Kamerun, West Africa, made it pos- Evangelistic Campaign in Egypt sible for the American Presbyterian mis- sionaries who had been detained in this LORD RADSTOCK is at present in country, to return in April to their work. Egypt assisting in evangelistic work At that time information was made pub- lic which, because of censorship, it was among the troops in all the camp cen- impossible to give out before. Elat staters in Egypt where the Y. M. C. A. is tion was requisitioned by the German at work. "On all sides," says his lord-

Government early in January, and the in- the Dark Continent on the equator and dustrial plant turned into an ammunition the Congo River, in Bolenge, nearly factory. The missionaries removed the 2,000 young people of the Bantu race machinery to the girls' dormitories, and hold the record. Think of it-1,976 acleft the station January 3rd for Metet, tive members! Mr. A. F. Hensey, one carrying with them as many as they could of the missionaries in charge of the of their personal belongings. station, told me all about it; and I'm wondering whether I can't satisfy your The German Government requested the curiosity now. missionaries to take care of thirty-one sick people one day, which number was "Imagine hundreds of loyal black folk more than doubled soon afterward. Over under a clear tropical sky on Friday 1,000 war refugees, mostly from villages night-for that is when they meetin the war zone, for fear they might give with their hearts filled to overflowing food and aid to the allies, were turned with love for their great Deliverer, singover to the missionaries to care for as ing such familiar hymns as 'I will folprisoners. The government was to give low Jesus.' Think of young men of purout food to these people, but soon it had pose eager to give their testimonies, and its hands so full with the fighting that timid women hesitating to speak; picture the missionaries had to solve the problem the consecrated missionary counseling themselves. and inspiring them."

It is not known yet in what condition Paganism on the Gold Coast the mission property has been left, but it is known that deserters from the German THE Colonial Office Report for last army, loose in the country, are ravaging year, on the northern territories of and plundering. Most of their depredations have been upon the natives, and the Gold Coast, says the relative numsome have lost their all. ber of Christians, Mohammedans, and Pagans in the territories, as shown in the Drink for the Dark Continent census returns for 1911, were as follows: Christians, 133; Mohammedans, 42,598; T HE amount of liquor passing Ma- Pagans, 319,075. Mohammedanism deira, a port of registry for the would appear to make little if any progcoast of Africa, in one week is reported ress in the dependency, and is, in the case as follows: of many of those who profess its tenets, of a debased form, and more than 28.000 cases of whisky. tainted with the prevailing paganism. The 30,000 cases of brandy. belief of the heathen portion of the na- 30,000 cases of Old Tom. tive community is a "primordial ani- 36,000 barrels of rum. mism." Each town or village has its 800,000 demijohns of rum. own "fetish," which is usually to be 24,000 butts of rum. found at the entrance to the chief's or 15,000 barrels of absinthe. priest's compound, and takes various 960,000 cases of gin. forms, such as a conical pile of earth, or In Sierra Leone during one-fourth of a three-pronged stick, supporting a pot a year 250 tons of liquors were unloaded in which grows a shrub, grass, or an at a "dry town" to be transported to aquatic plant. These represent the "fetowns of the interior. tish" itself, which is recognized in many forms, as of lightning, a lion, hawk, The Largest C. E. Society crocodile, snake, tortoise, or other ani- mal, bird, or reptile.-Christian. "N0' the largest Christian Endeavor Society in the world is not yours. It doesn't even happen to be on this side of the globe; but over in the heart of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

An Officer's Testimony tors arc the successors of the evil one because they try to prevent people THE buildings of the Church Mis- from dying when it is God's will for sionary Society at Wusi in the them to die. In 1912 he wrote the synod protesting against the offering Taita country, British East Africa, have of prayer in the churches for doctors, been taken over by the Government hospitals, dispensaries, and medical misfor use as a sanatorium for white sions. His following has been smail troops. One of the officers who had until recently when a native preacher, stayed there wrote his impressions of Malaki, joined him and began baptizing the missionary work as he had seen any who would pronounce the antiit, and this testimony, which is all the medicine shibboleth. Various thousands more significant because it was entirely were in this way brought into "The unsolicited, and came from one who Church Which Does Not Use Medihad been somewhat hostile to missions, cine"-the Uganda analog of the has appeared in the Church Missionary Christian Science mother church in Society Gleaner. The writer describes Boston. They repudiate monogamy as a native service which he and a brother not ordained in Scripture and insist officer attended, and says: "The various that taking medicine is the unforgivable portions of the service were taken by sin against the Holy Ghost. While at three men, one of whom was evidently first a considerable number were drawn ordained. We were much struck by from the mission church by this deluthe simple dignity of these poor Afri- sion the movement now seems to be cans, whose admirable diction and re- receding, thanks to "a campaign of instrained eloquence might well have struction for the protection of Chrisbeen the envy of many of our own tian people and for the winning of the clergy. The reverent behavior of the heathen who have been misled." Numcongregation, too, under an entirely bers of those baptized into the Antinovel invasion, was a lesson to both Medicine Communion have put themof us. In fact, one received the in- selves under this instruction. delible impression that this religion of peace and good will toward men was German Catholic Miuions in Africa a very real thing to these four or five score members of a careless, laughter- OF the Pallotin Mission in Kamerun, loving race. We two had the privilege which has celebrated its 25th anniof worshiping God under somewhat versary, the Catholic Missionen reports unusual circumstances, carrying away that they had at the beginning of the war the conviction that all those who assist in nine main stations in the coastland and supporting African missions may rest five among the interior tribes, with 33 assured that their time and money are patres, 32 brothers, and 30 sisters. The neither wasted now nor will be here- number of the negro Christians was after." 35,549, of the catechumen 19,880; in 230 schools, 24,565 children were instructed, I Christian Science in Ebony with the help of 256 native teachers; 259 NFORMATION is given in mission apprentices were trained in different reports of the singular anti-medicine trades. heresy which is disturbing the Uganda church. Some twenty years ago a Through the war, 10 stations with chief, Mugema, got it into his head more than 15,000 Christians became that it was wrong to take medicine be- shepherdless; 16 patres, 18 brothers, 19 cause God is the healer. The theory sisters were compelled to leave Kamerun. developed until he contended that doc- The three great interior station~, Jaunde,

Minlaba, and Ngowayang, were yet all gone, teeth gone and family gone!

spared by the war; Andeasburg and Look," said he, pointing to his open Dschang were again occupied, and 16 mouth, "there is only one tooth left patres, 13 brothers, 11 sisters were at the and I, too, am the last of my line. But,"

disposal of the 20,500 Christians of the said he brightening up "only one tooth interior stations. One can see that, so left-that is all the more reason why it far, Catholic missions have suffered far must make up for the lost ones, all the less through the war than has the work more reason why this one shOUld do the of the Basel Mission. work of the departed. If they, my dead Cooperation in Madagascar brothers, did not work for Christ, then it is left to me to do the work they can THE different missions in Madagas- not do." car have made an agreement to divide the heathen territory of the island "There is one man," says Dan Crawinto three districts, so that each mission ford, "whose life is a romance of Rehas its own limited field. The conse- demption. They dragged him far out to quence of this is that several churches the ocean long ago as a slave, and there which have hitherto been supported by in slavery the redemption of his soul the Paris Mission are now under the was the precious prelude to the redempjurisdiction of the English. tion of the body. And now he is a man of prayer and tells of the royal revenge The Bishop in Madagascar writes: he had on the devil. For (watch the "Our relations with the French Ad- dramatic neatness of God's methods!) ministration of the Colony have greatly there he is after many years coming improved. The close alliance of Eng- back home along the old slave track and land and France on the field of battIe preaching all the way." has created a very real bond of sympathy between ourselves and those who govern THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA us, which has been felt in a thousand A No Heathen in Tahiti little ways, and which can not fail to VETERAN of the South Seas, Rev. assist our work. The Acting Governor- J. W. Henry, now nearly eighty General has shown himself sympathetic, years of age, whose father and grandand his example has been followed by father preceded him in missionary work most of the chiefs of the provinces and in Tahiti, telIs the story of missions in their subordinates. The matter of most that island as follows: "In 1797 Rev. and immediate importance to us at this mo- Mrs. William Henry came to Tahiti, and ment is the very serious depletion of our were joined in 1816 by Rev:. and Mrs'. European staff." John Orsmond. These faithful people Some of Dan Crawford'. Converts never returned to their native land for T HE church in Luanza, where Dan vacation or visit, but literalIy gave them- Crawford is at work, has been hav- selves unreservedly to the work and the ing a time of great blessing. At one people of the island, their children and service nearly seventy persons canfest children's children carrying on the work Christ. One man, with only one tooth, after them.

gave this quaint testimony: "Thus Tahiti became the first of all the "Me and my one remaining tooth are South Sea Islands to receive the Gospel, both alike. All my brothers and sisters which was signally marked by the over- are dead and gone just like my lost throw of idolatry and the bloody rite teeth. We were a fine family all to- of human sacrifice in 1815, when the Ta- gether until the Kasanshi cannibals hitians, as with one accord, turned to killed and ate my mother, but they have Christ. Since that time there has

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

radiated from it throughout the Pacific Added together, these make almost one- . the glory of 'The Light of Light.' third of the population of these two coun- tries. In other words, if we divide our "To-day there are no heathen in Tahiti. field to be reached in North America by Every town and village has its house of the number of us that ought to be active worship. The children and young peo- as Christian workers, each one of us has ple joyfully attend Sabbath school, and to reach two persons in order to make on every Lord's day, in a much larger North America wholly Christian. Against percentage than in Christian America, that every missionary has 70,000 people at the sweet call of the church bell the to reach, or a field exactly 35,000 times people come together gladly, eager to the average size of the field of each one hear the Word and take part in the re- of us here at home. Yet some of you, ligious exercises and duties." in your thought about your tremendous A Day of Opportunity in Java importance, are wondering whether this DR. RAUWS writes from East Java country or Canada can get along if YOI1 that the present opportunity for the happen to decide to go away."

preaching of the Gospel is unparalleled. The Church and Peace "We must strike the iron while it is hot. The Sarikat-Islam movement, altho M ORE than a hundred representative not so much in evidence as it was a year clergymen and laymen from alI ago, still continues, and awakens unrest parts of the United States met at Garden in the mind of the Javanese and dissat- City, L. I., in a three-days' conference, isfaction with the old Islam. The Chris- beginning Thursday, April 27th, to form tian movement among the Javanese con- a National Committee of Churches in verts, called Mardi-Pratjaja, is awaiting America to cooperate with similar na- leadership to promise great things. Plans tional committees of the churches in are on foot to establish a training-school other lands in studying the problem of for native workers in this mission." promoting international good will, and From Bundowoso, Rev. H. van der using their combined efforts toward sub- Spiegel writes that the number of native stituting judicial methods for war in the Christians is now 2,300, and he gives a settlement of international disputes. This most interesting account of their methods is part of a world-wide campaign of of preaching among Moslems. He churches of many denominations now writes : "We preach His life, His suffer- going on in nine European countries and ing, His death, His resurrection, His in the United States. The conference was second coming. We direct our preaching. called by the American Branch of the to the affections, to the will, and to the World Alliance of the Churches for the conscience; but because the Gospel is the Promotion of International Friendship good news we try to present it with the in cooperation with the Commission on freshness and attractiveness of a new Peace and Arbitration of the Federal message."-Moslem World. Council of the Churches of Christ in NORTH AMERICA America.

The Church and the Task American Home Mission Work . CAMPBELL WHITE, long prom- T HE summary of missionary work in J inent in the work of the Laymen's America, made by the editor of Missionary Movement, says: "We have in North America 24,000,000 Protestant the London Christian for the informa- Church members and about 14,000,000 or tion of its readers, has its value for 15,000,000 Roman Catholic members. American Christians as well: "The home mission work of America

is on a very large scale, the various well be sent by individuals and organdenominations maintaining staffs of men izations to their representatives in the and women who labor in specified areas Senate and in the House of Represenand among various classes. It seems tatives. that the Women's American Baptist Home Mission Society, taken by itself, Mormons Losing Zeal has 330 workers, all of them engaged among women and children in the mill IT was announced last year that many and mining populations, newcomers at the landing-place, Finns, French, Italians, more women and girls were being Germans, Jews, Danes', Norwegians, sent out as Mormon emissaries than be- Swedes, Bohemians, Poles, Russians, fore, and we have wondered if the reamixed races, Indians, Negroes, Cubans, son were not that young men were get- ting unwilling to be sent out as before- Mexicans, Porto Ricans, Chinese, Japa- a result which we have expected, in due time, from our work and other enlightennese and Alaskans. The need for work ment. Men will not be willing to go out among people of foreign extraction is at sacrifice for a doctrine which they do very great, as the sordid lives of many not believe. This idea was confirmed by abundantly shows. It is hardly believ- the statement of the teacher of a class of able that in America, rich country the older Mormon young people consisttho it is, there are over 1,700,000 chil- ing of perhaps 25 young women to six dren under fifteen years of age (mostly young men, in which he said twice and of foreign parentage) toiling in fields, very strongly, "You'll all be called to factories, mines, and workshops." go on a mission pretty soon !"-Home Missions Monthly.

Prohibit Exports of Intoxicants When the Mexicans Return A BILL is pending before the national ONE of the missionaries of the Pres- Congress in Washington which would prohibit liquor exports to Africa. It byterian Board of Foreign Missions is known as the "Gillett Bill, H. R. 10924, temporarily in Texas, wrote: "During and provides that "any person or cor- normal times, San Antonio, Texas, has poration that shall knowingly consign, a Mexican popUlation of about 25,000; toexport or transport any rum or other day she has over 40,000. What will the intoxicating drink from the United States returning Mexicans have to bring to their to any state or province or district of fatherland that is worth while-things Africa, or shall in any way participate they have received in Christian America? knowingly in such consignment, expor- Will their lives throb with the inspiration tation, or transportation shall be punish- of a new vision because they have caught able by a fine of not less than fifty dol- a new ideal for the social and moral life lars and not more than one thousand in the United States? And what, too, dollars for each and every original pack- must they think of our missionaries sent age so consigned, exported or trans- to Mexico when they were not given the ported; and liquors so consigned, ex- opportunity or at least the kind invitaported or transported shall also be for- tion, to some definite evangelical work feited." In view of the awful ravages when they were visitors among us? One that intoxicating liquors have wrought of the brightest Mexicans told me that among the people of Africa in the past, when he returns he would like to rent the every Christian should desire the enact- opera house in his home town and give ment of such a law. Petitions urging conferences to his people about the counthe prompt enactment of this law may try across the border, the things he has seen and heard."

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Progress in Alaska "As I see it at the present time, the real problem of the Carranza govern- WHAT are the opportunities for ment is not that of the pacification of the Christian investment in this pro- country, but the adjustment of economic conditions. The value of their paper gressive country? When I went to money has deteriorated so much that Alaska, thirty-seven years ago, there prices have gone up to a figure beyond were only 200 white persons in the whole the reach of the common people to supterritory; only two post offices, Wrangell ply their daily needs for food alone, withand Sitka. The whole of the great in- out taking into consideration their need terior was considered by the country in for clothing. general, as George Washington thought Ohio, "uninhabitable by white people." "I believe that many of the men who There were no gold mines in the territory have taken part in the revolutionary and only one salmon cannery. When I movement are sincerely anxious to do all went back to Alask~ in 1897, after nine that they can to elevate the common homesick years of absence, to preach the people. The task is almost superhuman, Gospel to the inrushing crowd of Klon- and they are working under the handicap dikers, there were no more than 3,000 of having many associates who are in the people in the territory. Up to two years movement for what they can personally ago the permanent white population had get out of it. I am firmly convinced that increased to 30,000. The last papers from the present offers greater opportunities Alaska estimate the present white popu- for the advancement of the Gospel than lation at from 35,000 to 60,000, about ever in the history of Mexico." 16,000 having turned their steps toward Alaska this year. The territory has a fine Cuba Fights Strong Drink school system, good laws, and efficient courts and officers, and it is confidently UP to seventeen years ago, drink was predicted that inside of five years there not a great problem in Cuba. There will be at least 500,000 white persons liv- was no organized distillery or brewery ing in Alaska. This population is com- interest. Liquor was bought in portions ing faster than churches are being built, and usually consumed outside of baraltho a large proportion of the newcomers rooms, of which there were few. With are Christian families.. The Presbyte- the American occupation, however, the rian pioneer church of Alaska, both liquor interests began to exploit the among the natives and the whites, has island. The habit of treating, before aldone more to meet and evangelize this most unknown, was introduced into the new population than any other denomina- life of the people by Americans. Now tion.-S. Hall Young, D.D. cafes of every description dot Havana and the other centers of population, and LATIN AMERICA the temperance, for which the Cubans al- ways theretofore had been noted, no Economic Problems in Mexico longer prevails. Accordingly, the Cuban department of health is planning to regu- AT about the time that American troops late the consumption of alcoholic liquors. entered Mexico, Rev. W. E. Vander- Dr. Enrique Nunez, minister of sanitabilt, a missionary of the Presbyterian tion in the cabinet of President Menocal, Board at Zitacuaro, wrote that the cost has announced that the suppression of of living had increased from SO to the liquor evil must be the first step in 100 per cent. in three weeks, and any real sociological advancement. It is that the almost prohibitive price of soap proposed to restrict the sale of alcoholic was largely responsible for the epidemic liquors within certain hours and to forof typhus which was raging. He says:

bid absolutely sales to intoxicated per- and munitions cost 517 millions, and loans sons. 98 millions, and food supplies, etc., 23 millions. Fortunately, the financial credit Changes in Bolivia of the British and French is unimpaired, as shown by the half-billion dollar loan FOR nearly four hundred years the only religion permitted by law in Bolivia effected through J. P. Morgan & Co., on was Roman Catholicism, and the penalty favorable terms." An American paper of death was· provided for those who comments as follows: "A forceful com- would attempt to propagate any other mentary on the public sentiment of this faith. country toward the war is in the fact that Great Britain and France have suc- Rev. A. B. Reekie, the pioneer mis- ceeded in negotiating a $500,000,000 loan sionary of the Canadian Baptist Board, tells of the changes that have taken at 50 per cent. Of the $500,000,000 place in that country in the sixteen years that he has been at work: borrowed, the governments of Great Britain and France will actually receive "Bolivia is greatly changed. The rev- $480,000,000." olution resulted in a change of government, a break with the past, and a for- Recreation for Soldiers ward march was begun. Now there is full religious liberty, and marriage is a State T HE Y. M. C. A. of Great Britain ceremony. The cemeteries have been has now more than 500 recreation taken from the Church, and are under centers for the troops in the British the control of the municipalities. The armies at home and abroad. The ingenuclergy, no matter what their crime, were ity and friendliness of the workers are formerly answerable only to the ecclesi- illustrated ina recently devised plan for astical courts, but are now answerable bringing to the soldiers a glimpse of to civil courts. Religious instruction is those at home. Amateur and other volno longer permitted in Government unteer photographers have been enlisted schools during schools hours. The con- in the enterprise. The names and advents have been recently confiscated and dresses of those wishing photographs of others are threatened. The City Council wife and children are sent from the front, of La Paz, the capital, has prohibited all and the photographer appears unexreligious processions on the streets, and pectedly in cottage or tenement. Presthe separation of Church and State will ently a home' photograph reaches the probably soon be an accomplished fact." soldier father "somewhere in France," perhaps the last look that he is ever to EUROPE get of his loved ones.

Cost of the War Dr. Grenfell's War Experiences ESTIMATED in terms of money only, AFTER serving for some months in the cost of the war is appalling. France as a member of the Harvard University Surgical Unit, Dr. Wilfrid Great Britain alone has' increased her GrenfeIl has returned in order to take daily expenditure from two to three- up his accustomed work in Labrador. Of fold. Speaking in the Commons, Mr. his experience at the front he writes: Asquith said that the daily cost of the war was now £4,350,000 (nearly $22,- "It has been the event of a lifetime, 000,000). "There was a surplus of not unused to events, to be permitted to about £150,000,000 for the half-year from have a tiny share in the work of the April. The total expenditure from the Harvard Unit. To see the man – the 1st April to the 6th November was £743,- spirit-under the new environment has 100,000, of which the army, the navy, been as interesting as the endless wounded and the mal vels that cruelty

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and hate work on poor mortality, with the German Colonie. Captured by Allies problems of how to save and to restore. If you are new to it and sensitive, it is, ACCORDING to dispatches in Februfirst of all, a Dante's Inferno, with company after company of the tortured, ary, Kamerun is the tenth colony called convoys, pouring across one's horizon. possest by Germany at the beginning "The Y. M. C.A. is far the largest of the war captured by the Allies. In and most efficient agency at work, and it is everywhere and universally ap- January, about 900 Germans and 14,000 preciated. It is undenominational and it serves. It is content to serve. It de- colonial troops from Kamerun crossed mands no creed, it just loves in deeds and then tells why it exists-just to for- the border into Spanish Guinea and were ward the kingdom of love, which is that disarmed and interned. The Franco~ of Christ, the King." British campaign against Kamerun, a MRussians Help Armenian Refugees R. GEORGE F. GRACEY, an German protectorate in western Equa- American Board missionary, who was sent to TiBis, Russia, to aid in dis- torial Africa, was begun in the spring tributing relief to the Armenian refugees in the Trans-Caucasus has been at work of 1915. French and British official refor several months, and writes in a recent letter to Dr. James L. Barton: ports told some time ago of the occupa- "One is struck with the kindness and tion of Ngaundere, one of the chief inphilanthropy of the Russian government. Here in all these regions are numerous terior trading stations, which, from its refugees who have come from an enemy country, yet the government, day by day, situation, climate, and the number of allows a certain sum per head and contributes large amounts of money for the roads converging from it, was the center Armenian orphans. It has also, I understand, begun to reconstruct the towns of German resistance. The following which had been destroyed, but which the Russians now occupy. It is one of the are the colonial possessions that Gerbright things on this trip to see the high ideals that prompt the Russian gov- many had at the beginning of the war. ernment in the efforts to succor the needy and at the same time do what is just and All have been taken possession of except right for its own people. The Armenians of this region, too, had responded nobly German East Africa where the fighting to the claims laid upon them by their suffering people. What they have ac- stilI continues. complished is really remarkable and the large amount of money they have given Area in haS' exceeded all expectation; while the businesslike way in which they have AFRICA sq. miles Population distributed their funds is very commendable." Togoland ………….. 33,700 1,000,000 Kamerun …………. 190,000 3,500,000 Southwest Africa ….. 322,450 200,000 East Africa ……….. 364,000 7,000,000 Total ………….. 910.150 11,700,000 PACIFIC 110,000 German New Guinea … 70,000 188,000 Bismarck Archi- 41,600 45,000 pelago ………….. 20,000 15,000 Caroline Islands, etc. . . . 800 33,000 Solomon Islands …… 4.200 432,600 Marshall Islands …… 160 Samoan Islands ……. 985 Total …………..96,145 ASIA 117 60,000 Kiaochau Total ……….. 1,006,412 12,192,600 MOSLEM LANDS For the Insane of Syria T HE Lebanon Hospital for the Insane, founded by Dr. Theophilus Wald- meier, near Beirut, Syria, has been placed in serious financial straits because of the war. British workers have been deported or made prisoners, but the· hos- pital has been kept open under the Red Cross, and the patients have been cared

for in spite of the high price of food and thousands of the latter are quartered and other supplies. Some of the wards in various religious buildings transhave been closed to reduce expenses. formed into barracks. In the neighbor- There is great need for help from hood of Nazareth, where Jesus passed America to care for the hundred un- his childhood, are rolling now daily long fortunates now being treated. The trains of trucks laden with war material, patients come from many districts and and such inscriptions as "Krupp" on the belong to eleven different sects-most of chests indicate pretty clearly whence all them Moslems. The American Trea- this freight comes. In the Golgotha dissurer is Mr. Henry W. Jessup, 55 Liberty trict and at the Mount of Olives re- Street, New York. sound the steps of marching and train- ing Turkish troops. In Jerusalem itself T a! Missions Suffer in Palestine all the French, British, and Russian HE work in Palestine the Jerusa- monasteries and hospitals have been lem and the East Mission has been turned into barracks.-Bazler Nachrichcompletely halted by the war. While the ten. buildings at the several mission stations have escaped serious damage, their con- Opportunity in Syria tents have in some instances suffered, as, for example, in the case of the hospital FROM the comparatively few letters at Haifa and of St. Helena's Dispensary, Jerusalem, where the Turks have com- that pass the rigid censorship of the mandeered for military purpos'es beds, Turkish Government, the Presbyterian ward furnishings, surgical instruments, Board learns that the work of the Syria medicines, and drugs. Some school build- Mission is going on as usual. The Boys' ings have been used for barracks and Schools have not as large attendance as stores. Rt. Rev. Rennie MacInnes, D.D" in ordinary years, owing to the fact that who is temporarily in Cairo, is persuaded so many homes have suffered financial that as a direct result of the war there losses. The Girls' School, however, at will be seen the final disappearance of Beirut, has more applicants than it can the Turk from the Holy Land and, be- take care of. This is because of the cause of this conviction, he is already fact that the schools carried on by misraising funds wherewith to reequip the sionaries of other nationalities, such as missions when peace opens them again. the French and English, have been closed, and the missionaries sent away. Their The Jerusalem and the East Mission, pupils have consequently knocked and not the primary purpose of which is the con- in vain at the door of the American version of the Jews, has stations at Girls' School in Beirut. Jerusalem, Haifa, Cyprus, Beyrout and Alexandria, and maintains religious, edu- One of the prominent American miscational and medical work. Its prop- sionaries has acted as American Consul erty includes churches, hospitals, schools at Sidon, and has been able to render and, at Jerusalem, a choir school. assistance to thousands. The American missionary is esteemed to-day more Palestine Shaken by the Waf highly in Syria than ever before. The Syria Mi,sion is standing face to face NAZARETH has received through with the greatest opportunity in its his- the· war a new complexion. Who- tory. ever knew the quiet, homely little town, scattered high above the valley amid INDIA the Galilean mountains before, would scarcely recognize it now under its mili- TRajahs Show Interest in Mission Work tary garb. The streets are full of troops, HE unique and far-reaching work which Mr. Sam Higginbottom is ac- complishing as head of the agricultural

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department of Allahabad College has be- ultimately enter the Church; thousands come widely known in th¥s country. The deeply moved in their inner life and hold that it is getting in India is evi- impregnated with Christian truth; and dent from a recent letter from Mr. Hig- several hundreds gathered into Bible ginbottom: "I spoke at the opening of classes. The reflex results upon the the Hindu University in Benares, and workers have also been of high imporfeIt it was a wonderful thing for the tance for they have been greatly encommittee to ask a Christian missionary couraged and stimulated, and many have at such a time to be so much in evidence. been led to undertake serious personal I pray that the Lord Jesus may be ex- work who had never attempted it before. alted as a result. We have had as visitors the young Maharajah of Jodhpur "Hindu opposition to Christ has again and his staff, the Maharajah of Kotah loomed up grim and terrible. There is who came in a special train with his staff, the old hatred of Christ and the Church, and the Maharajah of Bikaneer and the terror of Christian influence and the staff." determinatiori to resist it. But still more powerfnl are the forces of the national "Each one of them rules over about a movement, generated by Western educamillion people and has a large territory tion and influence, and manifesting themwhich is mostly arid, and each is ready selves chiefly in the sects, Hindu and to support an agricultural missionary, Mohammedan, and in the Samajes and trained by Mr. Higginbottom. No won- other modern religious movements which der that he goes on to say: "I am prais- have sprung into life during the past ing God for an abundant entrance and eighty years . praying that just the right men may be sent to us to take up this great oppor- "There is no great break among the tunity The men needed must first of student class in India, no wide movement all, and before all else, be ambassadors toward Christ; opposition is still veof Christ; they must clearly understand hement and strong; but this winter has that agriculture will not save India, no shown the possibility of winning indimatter how good it is, but Jesus is the viduals and of deeply influencing thouonly hope and greatest need of India, and sands with Christian truth. The value agriculture like education, evangelistic of the continuous faithful toil of educaeffort, or Christian literature, is but the tional missionaries, of the organization of point from which to approach the great Christian effort for special campaigns, mam problem." of the tactful, sympathetic presentation of Christ as the Savior of the soul, and Among India's Students of prayerful personal work among the educated classes, has been clearly and O UR reports of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's most forcibly demonstrated." evangelistic campaign in India have dealt chiefly with the stirring of the SIAM·LAOS native Church in South India. Rev. J. N. Farqllhar, whose knowledge of the The Yao of Siam educated classes qualifies him to speak with authority, sums up in the Student MR. CALLENDER, Presbyterian World, the effects upon the students of missionary in Siam, says that the winter's evangelistic efforts: there are signs that the 5,000 Yao people of Siam may soon turn en "The chief results of this winter's masse to Christ. These people are in operations among students are a number many ways a morally superior people, of actual baptisms; a larger number of remarkable for the good order in their men won for Christ, many of whom will villages, and for their industrious habits. Persistent thieving is punished with

death and there is, consequently, virtu- "When I arrived in 1863 there were ally no stealing. The Yaos boast of less than ten converts in this province having no prostitutes and no venereal of 30,000,000. Now there are 40,000 condiseases. They are, however, in dread- nected with the various missions. Prejful bondage to demons and supersti- udice, fear and hatred have changed to tions. These demand incessant sacri- friendliness. We all rejoice in the numfices of pigs and chickens. When Mr. ber who are now reading the Scr:iptures Callender was among them he found it and the willingness of many to listen to almost impossible to get eggs or chick- the Gospel. By God's blessing another ens, so many had been killed for the fifty years will surely see millions malevolent spirits. The hold demonola- brought to a saving knowledge of the try has upon them is beyond the power truth. of human speech to describe. They. are anxious to embrace any religion "My work on earth must soon end, but which will liberate them from their I rejoice and give thanks that there are slavery, have hailed Christianity with so many mission!lries and educated Chineager expectation, and agree to accept ese Christians to carryon the work and it if their chief will lead the way. The witness for Jesus. chief, however, is reluctant to destroy the ancestral shrines in the homes.- "My mother's brother, the Rev. Robert Record of Christian Work. V. Orr, and wife, were among the first missionaries sent by our Board to. China. A Mirror of the Heart They were obliged to settle at Singa- pore and try to work among the Chinese FROM Siam comes a remarkable testi- there. Surely China has undergone mony to the value of the Word of many upheavals since then. God must God, given by a native preacher, Nai have great blessings in store for the Soot, in that country. He mentions people He has spared so many centuries." seven ways in which the Scriptures are of the greatest value to him and then The Y. M. C. A. in Hangchow adds that the Scriptures might be likened to a mirror of the heart: "The manner T HE prestige of the Hangchow of its use is nearly the same as that of a face mirror. When anyone doubts if Young Men's Christian Association his face is clean, he takes his mirror and and the generous support it has received looks to see how his face is dirty and from representatives of every class are then takes soap and water to wash it convincing that God is in the work. clean. In the same way, when anyone Every official of importance is a sustaindoubts that he has sinned and his heart ing member and not a few of them serve is defiled, he should take this glass and actively on committees. The newspapers consider it in order that he may behold continue their policy of giving all the his sinfulness."-Christian Observer. space desired for news items, reports, announcements, occasional articles on CHINA general Christian themes and illustrative cuts with appreciatory editorial notes. A Veteran's Retrospect Twelve of the fourteen officers of the Hangchow Bar organization are mem- DR. HUNTER CORBETT, the cele- bers enrolled through the effort of the vice-president of the Bar who became bration of whose eightieth birthday a Christian and aggressive personal was described in the Review for April, worker under the influence of the Aslooks back over his fifty-three years of SOCIatIOn. The membership has passed service in China, and has the following the 600 mark; less than a tenth are to say: Christians. This indicates the opportun-

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ity of presenting the message and spirit heard Mr. Yu s~y that you had joined the of Christianity to men unreached by band of volunteers for the ministry, and other Christian agencies. are bound to it for life. Whereupon for a long time my anger was irrepressible, A Great Work for China and I could neither eat nor sleep. Later, MISSIONARIES of all denomina- your mother exhorted me, saying that tions have frequently shown how this was only a rumor, and hard to be- lieve. Then my anger and anxiety highly they value the service which is abated a little. Now I write purposely being rendered to China by Rev. E. H. to. command you to tell me the truth. If Thwing, secretary of the International the report be mere rumor, there is no Reform Bureau, in Peking. Now the more to say; but if it be true, you must American Ambassador, Hon. Paul S. before the head teacher revoke your Reinsch, has recently written to Mr. undertaking, to avoid further trouble. Thwing as follows': Since you are already a discipJe of "I have for some time been desiring to Christ, and as such have the duty of express to you my appreciation of the spreading the doctrine, why need you effective work your Bureau has been enter the volunteer band and act so doing during the last few years in the stupidly? More.over, you have not matter of keeping before the people of reached the years of manhood. What China the desirability of radically ex- right have you to exercise authority? terminating the opium evil. Your untir- If you again act so blindly and unintelliing agitation in matters of social prog- gently, I will not give you a cash for ress and reform, carried on through your education. Let us have no more effective appeals to the Chinese people words about it. Your father cocnmands." and officials, making them feel that the -The Continent. public opinion of the world is backing them in every effort to promote social A Union Theological Seminary welfare and to put social life on a healthy and sound basis, deserves every com- THE newly founded Union Seminary mendation. I believe that you have a of Canton has in its faculty repre- very thorough appreciation of the good sentatives of the London Missionary So- and sterling qualities of Chinese char- ciety, Wesleyan Mission, Church of Eng- acter, and your sympathetic attitude en- land, American Board, the United Breth- ables you to approach these questions ren, New Zealand Presbyterians, Cana- from a point of view in line with Chin- dian Presbyterians, and the Presbyterian ese ideas and traditions." Church U. S. A. Besides the half For Mr. Thwing's campaign against hundred students now under instruction, opium, beer, cigarettes, gambling, and more are applying for entrance, despite impurity in China, funds are urgently the fact that the seminary is established needed. in restricted quarters and in rented build- A Chinese Father's Letter ings which it may early be required to vacate. A fine site on high ground at a CHINESE students who join the Stu- short distance from Canton city has dent Volunteer Movement for the been purchased and on it is to be erected ministry sometimes have serious opposi- a c1a5sroom building, as soon as the tion to contend with at home. For ex- necessary $7,000 has been contributed by ample, a member of the volunteer band American friends of Christianity in in Hangchow Academy not long ago re- China. On the authority of Dr. Fulton, ceived the following letter: the 50 students now being trained in this "Sing-teh, my son, read. Yesterday I one seminary among the 30,000,000

people in Canton province will reach have become Christians during the last with the power of Christianity 25,000 two weeks. Last fall I divided one of men and women every year after gradua- my Bible classes and now I have more tion. Following complete equipment of in one division than I had before the the training school, and consequent en- division was made, and again we are rolment of additional students, every troubled to know where to seat those added graduate will increase the number who come. The opportunities for doing who can be influenced annually for Christian work are almost boundless and Christ by 5,000. I rejoice that God and the Church called me to this work." These are some of The Revolt in China the joys of missionary service.

M ANY mission stations in Yunnan A Sad Religious Status and Szechuan, Vest China, are reported closed on account of serious re- As an indication of the danger that volts. The missionaries did not feel in confronts Japan, the figures recently personal danger, but their governments given out concerning the religious comadvised their withdrawal for a time. plexion of the student body of the Uni- Strict Chinese censorship prevents news versity of Tokyo are significant. There from reaching the public, and telegraphic are among the students 300 Buddhists, communications with Cheng-tu, Kwei- 1,000 Atheists, and 2,500 Agnostics. yang, and other points are interrupted. What a task confronts Christianity in The western revolutionary movement is an atmosphere that produces such a said to be one reason for the postpone- student body !-Zion's Herald. ment of the coronation of President Yuan Shih Kai. Mission to Chinese Students JAPAN-CHOSEN THERE are about 3,000 students from all parts of China studying in Japan, Students Accepting Christ chiefly at Tokyo, but also in Sendai, A SERIES of revival meetings, which Kyoto, Osaka. The C. M. S. mission to students was begun in 1908; in 1913, a recently closed at Chinzei Gakuin church seating 180 was bnilt; 130 stu- College, Nagasaki, were successful to dents have been baptized, 10 per cent. the extent of 92 decisions among the being women. In a recent statet,nent, the students to follow Jesus Christ. Presi- Rev. W. H. Elwin (now at home) says: dent Wheeler says: "We are very thank- "A Chinese ordained pastor of many ful for these results, and trust that they years' experience in China, and a foreign will remain firm in their purpose to fol- missionary, are now in charge…. The low their new Master. The teachers, as position is' strategic, for from it the usual, did the preaching, which is a whole of China may be reached. While time-honored custom in Chinzei Gakuin. in China the Church Missionary Society A very encouraging feature of the meet- has missions in eight provinces, 127 stuings this year was the amount of per- dents from 16 provinces have been bapsonal work done by the students. It tized in Tokyo. There is an immediate was indeed a great inspiration to have influence on China from its students in the students come in to report their work Japan." with that' spiritual glow on their faces which comes from soul winning. A stu- Sorceress Give. Up Tool. dent secured six decisions in one day. The enrolment in my volunteer Bible W HEN a sorceress in Korea acceptc1as5es this year exceeds 100 and I am ed an invitation to go to the Chai especially thankful because 25 of them Ryung hospital for treatment of a seri- ous illness, she took to Mrs. A. A.

Pieters a remarkable present. De- gation, the courts decided in the man's termined to become a Christian, she favor, but the worry and excitement packed up all the "tools" of her sorcery, proved too much for his mind, and he tho they filled an oxcart, and delivered became demented. Immediately, his fam- them to the woman she had come to ily and non-Christian friends cried out trust. The gift included fans, cymbals, that this was his punishment for having swordS', bells, hats, dozens of garments, destroyed the ancestral tablets. The man ancient Buddhistic and Shamanistic pic- was taken to the mission doctors, who tures and a huge drum. said that his' case was hopeless; he could Plana for St. Paul's College never be sane again. He went to the government hospital, where the verdict CHRISTIAN education has great pos- was 'the same.

sibilities in Japan to-day, for the na- But the little. church where he was tion has tried Western learning and civi- such a leader refused to accept, the opinlization without Christianity, and disap- ion of the medical men. It believed in pointment and pessimism have followed. the power of God to accomplish the im- The nation finds itself lacking a spiritual possible, and prayed steadily for the dynamic, and the recognition of this man's recovery. Dr. Underwood says fact is keenest among scholars them- that he himself had lost all faith, and selves. St. Paul's College, in Tokyo, has had given up praying for a cure. But so utterly outgrown its equipment that a the congregation kept on. And their new site is absolutely indispensable. A faith was rewarded finally when the suitable tract of land has, therefore, been cloud was lifted and their leader stood obtained in an attractive suburb of Tok- among them, entirely restored in mind yo, and plans have been made which con- as well as body.-The Continent.

template the final expenditure, at the end of about eight years, of something like MISCELLANEOUS $1,000,000. This amount will build, The Missionary as a Police Force equip, and endow one of the outstanding institutions of Japan-tlie equal of A WRITER in the Missionary Survey any-and furnish accommodations to sums up as follows the value to the 5,000 students. Thirty per cent. of the community of the presence of. a home students in St. Paul's Middle School ac- missionary: cept Christianity, and 60 per cent. of the college students. With the larger num- "The home missionary is the best bers that will be attracted by the new police force. Life and property are seequipment, the college will have increas- cure, not so much because the policeman ing opportunities to influence the leaders walks the street as because of the other of Japan. great fact that the preacher's voice is heard on Sunday. The preaching of the gospel develops conscience, and intensi- THE Prayer Restores Sanity fies and quickens the moral sense of the native leader of the Christian community. As the preacher tries to church at Pam Mil, an out-station of find a definition of the great words in Seoul, writes Dr. H. G. Underwood from life's dictionary-God, life, death, duty, Korea, destroyed the ancestral tablets destiny, judgment, heaven, hell-he of his family after embracing Christian- brings a moral and intellectual quicken- ity. He claimed he had the right to do ing to the people that could come from this because he was' the head of his clan, no other source. He organizes the Sun- but the other members of the clan denied day-school, gathers a congregation, and his right, and brought suit in the courts preaches the pure word of God; and the against him. After long and furious liti- influence of his work tends to prevent

crime and to raise the moral standard in OBITUARY the community." Dr. Adna B. Leonard If all this is true, as it undoubtedly is, with how much more emphasis could DR. A. B. LEONARD, who at the a similar tribute be paid to the work of a missionary in a non-Christian land? time of his death on Good Friday of this year, bore the title of general Catholic Missions in Great Peril corresponding secretary emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Meth- THE war threatens at various points odist Episcopal Church, had served as the very existence of Roman Cath- secretary of that Board for twenty-four years previous to his retirement from olic foreign missions. France has al- active service in 1912. During that ways been the chief recruiting ground period Dr. Leonard visited almost all the for missionaries. The separation of missions of his Board. including those Church and State, with the attendant in Europe, North Africa, China, Japan, dissolution of the monastic orders, had Korea, India, Malaysia, thc Philippine earlier cut deeply into the mission per- Islands, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Alaska. sonnel. In 1903 there were 324 volunteers for mission life in training; in Under his secretaryship the Methodist 1905, 237; in 1910, 150; in 1913, 112; Foreign Missions increased to vast proin 1915, 11. In 1906 there were 1,384 portions. He was a delegate t~ the Ecumissionaries associated with the Missions menical Methodist Conference in Wash· Etrangeres of Paris; in 1913, 1,355. Two ington, D. C, 1891, and in London, 1901; hundred of these were summoned home also to the World Missionary Conferin 1914 to defend France. Other French ence at Edinburgh, in 1910. Catholic societies are going through the same experience. From Beirut alone Dr. Josiah Strong 350 Romanist missionaries have returned AGREAT loss comes to the Church and to France. The extensive Roman Cath- social service in the death of the Rev. olic missions in Asia Minor have, with Josiah Strong, D.D., LL.D., on April 28, the exile of their entire force, practically 1916, at the age of sixty-nine. Dr. Strong collapsed for the time being. France was famous as the author of "Our Counhas for some time past found it dif- try" and other volumes, and the originaficult to man her home churches, to say tor of the "Safety First" movement. He nothing of sending priests abroad. The was for some years president of the fact that 25,000 priests are fighting in American Institute of Social Service, the French armies, and in many cases was widely known as a cultured Chris· giving their lives for their country, will tian gentleman, a student of national not make it easier to fill up the ranks of problems, and an ardent, unselfish worker the missionary priesthood later. Roman for the benefit of his fellow men. Catholic missionary finance is also greatly affected by the national crisis in France and Belgium. The Belgian Catholic missions on the Kongo are being obliged to retrench on every hand and German Catholic missions are suffering as much, if not more, than German Protestant. AND _. MISSION LANDS Modern Movements Among Moslems. adopt our civilization and remain Islam." By Samuel Graham Wilson, D.D. 8vo. One would search far to find a more 305 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell, 1916. serviceable book for the brief considera- The impression prevails that Islam tion of such movements as are suggested by the words, Mahdiism, Bahaism, Neolifts a low race to a somewhat higher Islam, Egyptian Nationalism. The stulevel, then clamps and clogs the social dent of "the Great Mad War" will find and religious life, so as to prevent all important information regarding the further progress. In an important sense flirtations of Germany and England with this is true. "It is the most inflexible Islam, and regarding the conflicting amof all positive religions," says Fairbairn. bitions of the great contestants in Persia, Dr. Wilson's book, however, describes Mesopotamia, Turkey and Egypt. in masterly fashion certain movements within Islam itself which reveal an un- The Ethics of Confucius. By Miles M. expected elasticity in this most inflexible Dawson. 8vo. 323 pp. $1.50. G. P. of religions. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1916.

The author has lived for thirty-two This volume, of unusual interest and years in the Near East, has traveled in value, has been compiled by Miles Me- Persia, Russia and Turkey, has had wide nander Dawson, a member of the Conexperience of men and movements, has fucian Society of China and of the studied deeply the doctrines of Islam. American Institute for Scientific Re- His lectures, delivered recently at the search. The author recognized the dif- Western Theological Seminary of Pitts- ficulty which even educated men in Great burgh, are invaluable to the student of Britain and America face in attempting missions. to form an intelligent idea of the teach- ings of Confucius, as the huge bulk and It appears that modifications of the heavy cost of the translations virtually original teaching of Mohammed have confine them to the larger public libeen wrought by the growth of tradi- braries. Few individuals have the money tion, by the lapse of old laws into desue- to buy the large volumes or the time tude, by the creation of new laws to and patience to wade through them. On suit new circumstances, by the influence the other hand, it is highly desirable that of mystical and reforming tendencies the English-speaking peoples of the West within the realm of the life of Islam. should have a better knowledge than Changes, too, have been wrought through they now possess of the teachings of that the influence of conquered tribes and remarkable man who has powerfully peoples. Compromise of creed has usu- swayed hundreds of millions of human ally attended conquest of arms. Greater beings. Mr. Dawson has selected the changes still have been due to the con- most typical and essential writings comtact of the Moslems with the turbid in- monly attributed to Confucius and has tellectual, industrial and political life of arranged them according to the plan of the western nations. Dr. Wilson concludes that "Islam will find a way to the Sage, with a running commentary From Moscow to the Persian Gulf. By which greatly helps the reader in under- Benjamin Burges Moore. Illus. Bvo. standing them. The Honorable Wu Ting Putnam's Sons, New York. 1916, Fang, formerly Minister of China to the United States, has written a Foreword -ThiS volume reminds us of the two strongly commending Mr. Dawson's friends who were standing in a lumber book. yard beside the Chicago River. "Smell that filthy, dirty water," ejaCUlated one That Confucius did not teach a re- of the friends. "N0, thank you," said ligion in our sense of that term and that the other, "I prefer to smell the fraghe never. claimed to be inspired Mr. rance of these pine boards." Some Dawson very frankly. and wisely de- other travelers who have visited Persia, clares. Confucianism is a system of while not indifferent to the wretchedness ethics rather than a religion. It deals of the people, the misgovernment of the with the relations and conduct of men, country, and the lack of those conbut it is vague and uncertain in its veniences of living to which Americans reference to spiritual things. The fact and Europeans are accustomed, have is that Confucius was what we call to- nevertheless had much to say of the day an agnostic. He was deeply inter- good qualities of the Persians, and parested in the life of men upon the earth, ticularly of the devoted and self-sacribut he profest to know little or noth- ficing efforts of. the missionaries to ing about the future life. One of his ameliorate the unhappy conditions which disciples, Ke Loo, asked about serving prevail, to give the Persians a purer the spirits of the dead. The Master spiritual faith, to arouse and strengthen said: "While you are not able to serve them mentally and morally, and to demen', how can you serve their spirits?" velop their nobler qualities. The history Ke Loo said: "I venture to ask about of this missionary effort is one of the death." He answered: "While you do most interesting and inspiring chapters not know life, how can you know about in the history of the nineteenth century death ?" In another place the Sage and the opening decades of the twentieth mournfully said: "Does Heaven Speak? century. But Mr. Moore appears to have The four seasons pursue their courses, been so absorbed by the hardships and and all things are continually being pro- privations 'of his journey that he had no duced; but does Heaven say anything?" inclination to look for anything else. He describes his volume as "The Journal of No student of the Chinese people and a Disenchanted Traveler in Turkestan of their relations to the modern world and Persia." He says that all the books can afford to be ignorant of the teach- that he has ever read about Persia were ings of the man who after the lapse of more or less rose-colored, and that the more than two thousand years is still Land of Iran was so hallowed by the venerated by them as the venerable Sage memory and history of loveliness and and teacher and whose sayings have ex- art it had produced in former epochs erted and are still exerting an enormous that he had looked forward to his trip influence upon the development of the with most pleas'ant anticipations. He Chinese character and nation. Mr. Daw- tells us in graphic language of his disilson has, therefore, rendered a real serv- lusionment, of the muddy roads, the dirty, ice in publishing this book which, altho vermin-infested inns, the rickety carcontaining but little over three hundrN riages, the bony, sore-backed horses, the pages, nevertheless enables one to form squalid buildings, the unsanitary houses a more adequate and just conception of and villages, and the unpleasant charac- Confucianism than any other single book teristicS' o-f the people. No doubt, everyof our acquaintance. thing that the writer says is true, but the

ON M1SSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

point of view is frankly pessimistic. Seven Sisters, Perantalu worship, the "Mamma," said the little daughter of a Saktis-not the obscene features of foreign missionary who was returning to these goddesses, but rather their dreaded Persia after a pleasant furlough in a and bloody ritual-Kanaka Durgamma beautiful suburb of Chicago, "this isn't, and Poshama, the local origins of Dra- nearly as nice as America." "No, dear," vidian deities, their place in Hindu gently replied the mother, "that is why legends, and the Shepherd Puranas. One we came." The seventy-six missionaries of the chapters deals with demon pos- from the United States who have con- session-more accurately with demon secrated their lives to the uplift of the exorcism-a topic that one could wish Persian people and who are living there were enlarged on the possession aspects among the conditions which Mr. Moore of the phenomena. The final chapter is describes, do not speak so hopelessly as of the most importance from a scientific he does. His book fails to tell us about viewpoint. The author discusses the place them and their hospitals and schools and of totemism, fetishism, animism, de- churches and the splendid work which monolatry, sacrifice and morality in the they are doing among the sick and the Dravidian worship. In the concluding poor. Indeed, he tells practically noth- paragraph he suggests the general ing about the missionaries and their character and objectives of this system: work, which forms the really bright side "The Dravidian religion has no moral to modern Persia. The book is beauti- sanctions. It is simply a method of deal- fully printed and illustrated and there ing with powerful spirits, the greater are many good things in it. But it needs number of which are malignant. The re- more of the spirit of Catherine of Sien- ligion reflects the morality of the people na, of whom it is said that she asked of and is in no way responsible for it."

God the gift of seeing the possible love- Confessions of a Hyphenated Ameriliness of humanity even in its ruins, the can. By Edward A. Steiner. 12mo. 50 statue in the marble. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1916.

Dravidian Gods: A Study of the Local and In his breezy, forceful style, Professor Village Gods of Southern India. By Wil- Steiner says a word in behalf of those bur Theodore Elmore, Ph.D. Illustrated, Americans who own a Europeal1 Mother map, xi, 157 pp. Hamilton, N. Y. Pub- Country. He regards the hyphen, like lished by the Author, 1915.

What our Aryan ancestors milleniums a marriage ring, as a symbol of union ago called "mad gods" are deities wor- rather than of division and disco-rd.

shiped and dreaded by eight-tenths of The only trouble is when in this mar- South Indian Dravidians to-day. As riage, indicated by the hyphen, the con- little is written about them, and as tracting party is more loyal to the missionaries find it difficult to get parent than to the "other-half." In such information concerning these gods, Dr. cases' discord is sure to follow.

Elmore has done a valuable service in Professor Steiner's little lecture lis investigating and describing them in this worth reading, especially as a proof of volume. The deities studied are found how loyal and valuable citizens foreign- in N ellore District in the Telugu country. born Americans may become.

Besides general chapters upon the con- The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. quest of the Dravidians, the general By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo. 75 features and fundamental conceptions of C(illts, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1915. their worship, and the general influence of Dravidian gods upon Hindu- In this study of the Kingdom of God, Mr. Chafer shows clearly that the ism, there are eight others describing Church is not identical with the Kingscientifically rather than popularly the dom as prophesied in Scripture. This

study is of especial interest in relation ing the preacher's salary or giving to the to the work of missions and the ex- support of the church. Giving is to God, pectations which we may have as to the not to the church nor the minister. outcome of evangelization. Should we plan for and look forward to the con- NEW BOOKS version of the world and the regeneration of society by means of evangeliza- South American Neighbors. By Homer tion or should we hope for such a consummation only at the personal return of C. Stuntz. A New Mission Study Text- Christ? Missionaries will welcome Mr. Chafer's illuminating and strictly Bib- book on South America. Cloth, 60 cents; lical answers to these questions'. paper 40 cents, prepaid. Missionary Edu- Reapers of His Harvest. By John T. Faris. 12mo. 167 pp. 50 cents. The cation Movement, New York, 1916. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1915. Makers of South America. By Margaret These bright, readable biographical stories are gathered from the lives of Daniels. Cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents, seventeen well-known missionary workers like James Stewart of Lovedale, Wil- prepaid. Missionary Education Moveliam Duncan of Metiakahtla, and Calvin ment, N ew York, 1916. W. Mateer of China. It is stimulating reading for student volunteers and others The Land of the Golden Man. By Anita whose pulses can be stirred with tales of heroes who have achieved success by B. Ferris. Price, cloth, 50 cents; paper, sacrifice. 30 cents, prepaid. Missionary Educa- Church Finance. By Frederick A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Missionary Edu- tion Movement, New York, 1916. cation Movement, New York, 1916. A Four-Chapter Book on the Two As Efficiency Secretary of the Northern Baptist Convention, Mr. Agar has Americas. By Robert E. Speer. Price, personally conducted or supervised the financial visitation and reorganization of cloth, 25 cents. Missionary Education financial methods in thousands of churches, many of them in churches of Movement, New York, 1916. other communions than his own. He speaks, therefore, with authority. The South To-day. By John M. Moore.

The volume is not a mere recital of Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents, right and wrong methods of church finance, altho it is strong from this stand- prepaid. Missionary Education Movepoint. It tabulateS' the various methods and lack of methods now in vogue, and ment, N ew York, 1916. points out the utter inability of the Church to achieve its task by following Why War. By Frederic C. Howe, Ph.D., such plans. Then a chapter is given up to a discussion of the right methods and LL.D. 8vo, 366 pp., $1.50, net. Charles their application. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1916. In addition to the discussion of methods, the book sets' forth "the place and The Why and How of Missions in the the importance of giving in the normal Christian life." Giving is not merely pay- Sunday-School. By William A. Brown.

16mo, 127 pp., 50 cents, net. Fleming H.

Revell Co., New York, 1916.

Mohammed or Christ. An Account of the Rapid Spread of Islam in all Parts of the Globe, the Methods Employed to Obtain Proselytes, Its Immense Press, Its Strongholds, and Suggested Means to be Adopted to Counteract the Evil. By S. M. Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated. 8vo., 292 pp., $1.50, net. Fleming H.

Revell Co, New York, 1916 Mary Siessor of Calabar, Pioneer Mis- sionary. By W. P. Livingstone. 4th Edition, illustrated, 12mo., 347 pp., $1.50, net. George H. Doran Co., New York 1916. '

Sunday-School Missionary Incidents and Exercises. By John M. Somerndike.

l6mo., 105 pp., 25 cents, paper. Presby- terian Board of Publication, Philadelphia , 1~~ Federal Council Year Book. An Ec- clesiastical and Statistical Directory of the Federal Council, Its Commissions and Its Constituent Bodies, and of all Other Religious Organizations in the United States Covering the Year 1915. By H. K. Carroll, LL.D. l2mo, 209 pp., paper, 50 cents prenaid. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

World Missions and World Peace. A Study of Christ's Conquest. By Caroline Atwater Mason. 12mo. 274 pp. 50 cents.

Central Committee on the United StUdy of Foreign Missions, West Medford Mass., 1915. '

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1916

OF THE DYING RELIGIONS OF

MISSIONA~Y FlgES 1. The Philippine Islands have made more progress, intellectually and economically, in the past fifteen years under American rule than in the previous four centuries, eSee page 110.) 2. The fifty thousand students enrolled in the intermediate and secondary schools in the Philippines constitute one of the greatest evangelistic op- portunities in the world to-day. (See page 114.) 3. China is worth winning for Christ rather than to militarism. 'Vith four times the popUlation of the United States she has in the eighteen prov- inces eexclusive of her four great dependencies) an area of one and one-half times the United States, including Alaska. eSee page 91.) 4. The Presbyterian Church in Rio Janeiro has about fourteen hundred mem- bers, who contribute an average of ten dollars each annually for church purposes. eSee page 115.) S. In Tali Fu, Yunnan Province, more converts were recently baptized in one day than had been won in thirty years of early missionary effort.

eSee page 108.) 6. The churches in South America are being drained by the war of their young men, who have returned for military service to Europe, and the problem of self-support is becoming a serious one. (See page 118.) 7. President Yuan Shih Kai has included in the classics, which he is study- ing daily, selections from the "Save-the-World Classic" (the Bible), prepared by a missionary and presented to Yuan at the suggestion of the Chief of Ceremony. (See page 123.) 8. The Buddhist priests in Tibet are so degraded and ignorant, and so closely identified with the home life of the people, that they form the greatest obstacle to Christian missionary effort among Tibetans. (See page 128.) 9. A new plan of city evangelization, which places more responsibility on resident workers, is being inaugurated by Presbyterians in the province of Shantung. (See page 141.) 10. An English missionary society is appealing for volunteers to carryon the work of German missionaries in India. who have been removed by the government from their fields of work. (See page 146.) 11. Representatives of twenty-two different nations. engaged in the work of the China Inland Mission, are finding in their spiritual service for China a bond that keeps them united even in time of war. (See page 149.) 12. Samoan women who are going with their husbands as missionaries to the wild Papuans of New Guinea, where missionaries were eaten by canni- bals only fourteen years ago, are proving not only their missionary zeal but their ability as workers. The image of Confucius in the temple at Chefoo. Shantung. ISSI RE IE Vol. XXXIX, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.2 Old S….. Nrw Serlel m: ,51 THE PRAY FOR THE PANAMA CONGRESS The Congress will be held in Hotel Congress on Christian Work Tivoli. There will be a frank and in Latin America is to convene friendly discussion of actual condiin Panama February 10th, and about tions in Latin American lands, with three hundred delegates are expected. freedom of speech, so far as it is The difficulties of transportation and Christian in spirit and relates to vital the limited accommodations have facts, but without bigotry or unturned aside many who planned to necessary acidity. It is expected that attend, but the delegates are leading Dr. Robert E. Speer will be Presimen and women of evangelical dent of the Congress, and his preschurches and represent practically all ence in the chair will insure courthe Protestant denominations of North tesy, constructiveness, spirituality, America and sixty-seven missionaries and prayer as characteristic of the and Latin Americans. sessIOns.

The daylight sessions will be de- Among the distinguished delegates voted to the discussion of the Com- from the United States are Dr. and mission reports and the evening ses- Mrs. John R. Mott, Dr. and Mrs. sions to popular meetings, each Lemuel C. Barnes (Baptist), Prof. addrest by one North American and Harlan P. Beach (Yale), Bishop one Latin American. There will also Henry D. Aves (Mexico), Bishop be evening evangelistic meetings in Wm. C. Brown (Virginia), Miss Spanish and English for the benefit Belle H. Bennett (Kentucky), Dr. of the people of the Isthmus-North John W. Butler (Mexico), Dr. S. H. Americans and other residents. Chester (Presbyterian), Dr. E. F.

The editors seek to pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eontributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

Cook and Bishop Lambeth (Metho- " B SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN INDIA dist), Dr. William F. Oldham (New ElYOND all our expectations," York), Mr. and Mrs·. E. E. Olcott says Mr. Sherwood Eddy in a (New York), Dr. John F. Goucher letter, "an awakening in South India (Baltimore), Mr. Wm. N. Hartshorn has already begun. Last year Indian (World's S. S. Ass'n), Dr. Wm. I. Christian friends prayed for the cam- Haven (Bible Society), President H. paign in China and asked, 'Why C. King (Oberlin), Bishop A. W. should we not have a similar awaken- Knight (Tennessee), Dr. Ira Land- ing in India ?' As they faced the reth (Bo~ton), Mr. and Mrs. Joshua terrible difficulties of caste, the op- Levering (Baltimore), Bishop A. S. position of Hinduism, and the need Lloyd (Episcopal Board), Bishop F. of their own churches they felt it was impossible. Finally, the Execu- J. McConnell (Methodist), Dr. A. tive Committee of the South India United Church, with a Christian McLean (Disciples), President C. T. community of 165,000, proposed an Paul (Indianapolis) , Miss Ruth evangelistic campaign in India. This Rouse (World's Christian Student United Church includes all the Chris- Federation), Dr. James 1. Vance tians of the Presbyterian, Congrega- (Nashville), Bishop Luther D. Wil- tional, Dutch Reformed, and Scottish son, and President W. Douglas Mc- churches in one body, and it equals Kenzie (Hartford). There is an in numbers nearly twice the entire equally distinguished list of names Protestant community of all Japan." from Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America. In response to the invitation from this united church Mr. Eddy began Following the close of the Panama a campaign in South India last Oc- Congress, February 20th, five or six tober. After prayer and preparation, deputations will visit various parts of they united in a week of simul- Latin America to carry to the work- taneous evangelism, and when leaders ers the spirit and message of the of the church gathered at Vellore Congress, and to unite them in a for their General Assembly; all were study and plan for cooperation III astonished at what had been accomtheir respective fields. Dr. L. C. plished by the Spirit of God in that Barnes will lead the conference in first week. Mr. H. A. Popley, the San Juan, Porto Rico; Dr. Charles Secretary for the evangelistic cam- L. Thompson that in Havana, Cuba; paign, reported as follows: Dr. A. W. Halsey in South America. As soon as practicable a Mexico con- "A force of 8,288 Christian workference will be convened. ers gave themselves to proclaiming the power of Jesus Christ to build up This is a time for prayer rather a sound and lasting personal and than for criticism. The Congress is national life among the people of for conference, not for legislation, India. These workers preached in and the spirit is one of loyalty to the 3,814 towns and villages of the Tamil highest ideals as set forth by our country to audiences of over 300,000 Lord Jesus Christ. Many differing people, and won 8,503 to a desire to viewpoints will be represented- study the power and teaching of pray that the viewpoint of Christ may prevail.

OF THE

Christ, and 6,422 men and women to workers gathered and an evangelistic a determination to follow Him. A campaign was thoroughly organized. total of 14,925 people were definitely influenced during this one week to At the close of one of the meet- place themselves under the leadership ings a brilliant young Brahman stu- . of Jesus Christ. Thousands more dent surrendered his heart to Christ have been influenced, to some extent, and asked Mr. Eddy to be present at to feel that Christ is indeed the Hope his public baptism. Only at great of India. cost can a man come out from this proud caste-bound Brahman com- "Travancore tells of a demon wor- munity. shiper who deserted his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple In Jaffna, North Ceylon, 1,200 to God in its place. In the North Christians and workers gathered in Tamil field meetings were freely al- their annual meeting. They entered lowed in Hindu temples in caste the campaign, and the work will ex- villages, and the workers were re- tend during the next three years to quested to speak frankly about Christ Ceylon as well as India. During and His salvation. In another place meetings held for three days in the a devil dancer promised on the spot colleges of Jaffna more than sixty to become a Christian. In one of the high-caste Hindu students publicly Telugu churches twenty-eight adults confest Christ. were publicly baptized. In Travancore, at Nagercoil, 400 "In the Church itself the greatest workers gathered for a training con- good is that the laity have been ference, and 1,500 Christians assem- awakened to a sense of their respon- bled every night in the great Church sibility. Every Sunday afternoon to face their responsibility in the immediately after the service the campaign. Mr. Eddy delivered his whole Church goes out to preach the addresses to great congregations of Gospel. The campaign has brought a Christians in a community numbering new vision to the Church and for more than 80,000 in all in this field the first time the higher classes in of South Travancore. These Chris- the Church went and preached the tians are rising in a united evan- Gospel to the poor and deprest." gelistic campaign for the winning of their country for Christ. Already oTRAINING LEADERS IN INDIA one in four of the population of this NE of the most important and native State is a Christian. fruitful features of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's recent campaign in India has "Unmistakably God has begun a been his training conferences for In- mighty work in South India. Only dian Christian workers, conducted in this week I journeyed into distant vil- the six principal centers of South lages far from the railway to see India and Ceylon. After crowded men baptized from three different meetings in Madras, he met 200 workers from all parts of the Telugu castes, who were won in the begin- field. The third center was Erode ning of the campaign. Altho we have in the Tamil district, where 450 not yet succeeded in shaking the large cities or breaking the ranks of the Brahmans in large numbers, the campaign in India bids· fair to sur-

pass that in China in its work in the Christian progress in China can not villages, among the masses and be foretold. It will depend on the among the lower classes. It is al- personnel of the new government.

ready enlisting a larger number of President Yuan is, however, an in- Christian workers than in China, ani telligent man, favorable to religious. more widely affecting the Christian freedom and to Christian work. He Church." has given money freely to the Y. M. C. A., to missionary education, and CHANGES IN CHINA Christian hospitals. As a represen- YUAN SHIH 'KAI, First Presi- tative of the people he has worshiped dent of the RepUblic of China at the temple of heaven, but as president he has called into positions has signified his intention of "accept- of influence many avowed Christian ing" the title and role of Emperor- men. Pray for China and for Yuan he has already exercised the authority Shih Kai. -and on January I, 1916, took his seat temporarily on the imperial FROM KOREA TO CHOSEN throne. The date for his formal as- cension and the complete change back TIMES of transition are always again from republic to empire has times of crisis and often of hard- not yet been announced. ship. Korea is now in transition and The council, supposed to represent the Church and Christians there the people, met on December IIth suffer many hardships. Japan, having and voted unanimously to reestablish taken over the control of the country, the monarchy-but with a constitu- naturally is working to press Korea tion-and asked Yuan Shih Kai to and Koreans into the Japanese mold.

become Emperor. The president de- The ideas of Japan are not Korean dined the request and the next day ideas, nor are the ideals of her rulers issued a second mandate, accepting'· Christian ideals. Many officials lack the position. tact and real brotherliness and do not China is a huge country with an act with consideration. Nevertheless unwieldy, untrained mass of human- the change from Korea to Chosen, ity. A strong central government is from nation to province, seems in- still needed to control them and to evitable, and possibly the sooner it is direct affairs. of State. Yuan is gen- effected the better it will be.

erally acknowledged to be the Japan has made many physical im- strongest man in Chinese public life provements in Chosen-new high- and the people look to him to guide ways, and railroads, new sanitation the ship of state safely through the and civic advancement. Many laws rocks. There are some noble and have been enacted and are enforced intelligent young men among the with much benefit to the people. The officials who have come to the front educational system has been modern- since the Revolution, but there are ized and some moral reforms have not a large enough number of them been instituted. If Japan were a to fill the need. Christian land, with Ohristian ideals The effect of the reversion to a and rulers, there could be only thanks- monarchy upon missionary work and giving for the transition and trans-

formation from a weak and back- have found none. Even in Japan ward nation to a modernized province. proper there is no such law. They Japan is not, however, Christian in also order missions to use a book on aim or methods, and the people- ethics which teaches ancestor wor- especially the Christians in Korea- ship. Most of the mission schools are suffering in consequence. A letter have permits which allow them to just received from a 'Korean corres- continue as at present for ten years, pondent, who was traveling in China, but some, like the Soon Chun schools, gives information which the Japanese are without permits, and may be censor would not have passed. Visi- closed.

tors to Korea see only the outward "On top of all this comes a law and beneficial results of Japanese which says missions must obtain per- rule. Those who live there see the mission from the government every other side. Our correspondent writes: time they want to employ a helper, a "Missionaries in Chosen do not in- colporteur, or a pastor, when they es- terfere in politics, but are sent to tablish a church. One can readily see preach the Gospel, and loyally support what this will involve if a local gov- the nation and rulers that God places ernment official is biased against Chris- over them. Missionaries in Korea tianity. Hiding behind red-tape he exhort church members to follow the may find many opportunities to block precepts of Paul in the thirteenth Christian work.

chapter of Romans. The Japanese "The great hope of Christians is in are straining every nerve to make God. We mu~t pray that the minds the Koreans into Japanese. That too of the administration may be more is no concern of the missionaries, al- favorable toward Christianity, and tho we inwardly feel sorry for the that missionaries and Christians may Koreans. . be given especial wisdom during this "In spite of the real help mission- time of trial."

aries are giving to Japanese, the pres- COOPERATION IN MISSIONS TO ent administration in Chosen apparently feel that Christianity interfere;; W JEWS with their plans for 'Japanizing' the BILE there are in North Koreans. Consequently they are doing America forty-five missionary all in their power to throttle Chris- agencies at work for the conversion tianity without openly persecuting the of the Jews, there is no strong far- church or antagonizing the law that reaching interdenominational society guarantees religious liberty. The conducted for this purpose. There authorities do not say Koreans must are local societies in many cities, not be Christians, but they indirectly denominational work for Jews and do everything possible to prevent the some general agencies for tract and spread of Christianity. Bible distribution,' but in America "The present law saying that re- this great work in g-eneral is carried ligion must not be taught in private on through· indeper. lent and small schools is an example. We have been· organizations. Only two American hunting for an example of such a societies have as many as ten mis- law among the leading nations, but sionaries to Jews.

Great Britain has twenty-eight so- Rev. B. B. Sutcliffe (Chicago), Seccieties, one of which employs 312 retary; Mr. Henry P. Crowell (Chiworkers, one 72, one 68, another 44, cago), Treasurer. another 32, and another 31. The twenty-eight British organizations It is high time that the Christian employ over four times as many Church awoke out of sleep in order missionaries to Jews as do the forty- that they may "buy up the opporfive American societies and have tunity because the days are evil." three times as many mission stations. N ever have the Jews been more har- The London Society for Promoting ried and distrest in Asia and Europe Christianity among the Jews is the than they are to-day. In Poland, largest in the world. The Mildmay Galicia, and in Palestine they are Mission to the Jews comes second. suffering for the very necessaries of The former has forty-six missions life as well as for the friendship of in various parts of the world-the their fellow countrymen. Now is only far-reaching international work the opportunity for Christians to for Israel. show them the real meaning of the love of Christ and His Gospel of At the recent Conference on be- life. half of Israel, held in Chicago (November 18-19), an important WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME step was taken in the formation of an interdenominational committee for "G OD bless the live women and Gospel work in "Behalf of Israel." With the exception of Poland and the dead men of the Church," Russia there is no land where the was the remark of a chairman of a Jews are found in such large num- missionary meeting at which were bers as in North America and no- announced large gifts from women's where is the opportunity so great societies and from men's legacies. for unhampered Christian work among them. At the same time the The women are alive to the best Christians in America seem oblivious both at home and abroad. They are to their duty toward Jews and are always generous, and their books and almost wholly neglecting them. missionary magazines have accom- fllished wonders in extending mis- In 1914 the American Hebrew sionary information and enthusiasm. Christian Alliance was formed to The Federation of Women's Societies unite more closely in fellowship the is also doing much for the advance- Jewish Christians of North America, ment of the cause. and to further the work among their unconverted brethren. Now a new The Council for Women for Home step has been taken to unite Gentiles Missions has recently held its eighth and Jews in the effort to give the annual meeting (January 5th and Gospel to Israel. 6th) in Atlanta, Georgia. All the women's boards, both North and The officers of the new organiza- South, that are represented on the tion are: Mr. W. E. Blackstone, Council, sent delegates. The program Honorary President; Rev. Harris H. was unusually strong and included all Gregg, D.D. (St. Louis), President: phases of Home Mission activity.

Mrs. George W. Coleman was elect- ed president for the coming year.

OF FOREiGN MISSION

1902-1915 $J1.6Q()JJ(JO JJJIJIJ.OOO Jl,504P<'Q() $32,131,234 JI.IQQ. 1100 (1912) JQ.6Q()JOQ J 29.6OD. 000 / Z8.6QaOQO 27.6dO. 000 / '4604000 / """ 1/ Z5.60D.000 _/ 24POD.'.000 Zlloa 000 lliQO.1.000 itt~oy $1 B, 793,990 21.6dO.M0 ZfJ.6Da'OIN. ~sV 19.6OD.000 J8.6QO,a'DO Ct'……..: I'. /, t7 $18,815,939 ITJOD. 000 V / – 16.600. 000 ./ 15.600. ooe . V~OPE J! 14.600.000 —' OF t " , 13MIJ. 000 1// NTlf'{EN1 'I' "- , 1i!lQD.fJ,00 11,600. 000 i · { -=– ,A~D,.CO~ ~– , pll),.••••…..

~'('i:Rr. £~~ar-R1-/1i1t:,O15r1/~~lbrt~8:5(.~.J./~/I~ . J1-'R1ic£A~ . 1D.6(),IJ. 000 !.MOo. 000 — 8.600. 000 fE!!-"" 7.6QQ.000 6.600. 000 I-'" 5.600.0 00 4.604 000 ~600, 000 OTHlR COUNTRIES 51,197,772 ZPOo.o 00 ….II) >1912) 1,6110. (),OO ~ — 6110. 000 This chart is based on the chart prepared by the Home Base Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The figures are those collected by the M,SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, with the exception that the figures for America (1912-15) are gathered by the Home Base Committee, The totals for North America and Europe for 1914 are $33,784,550, and for Christendom for 1915 are probably not less than $36,OOO,OOO-including "Other Countries' -EDITOR,

I ~… /'—'" ~'b .,"COMING

I .! ~…- j j '

February Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Newark, N. J.

Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d–Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Birmingham, Ala. 1st-National Rallies-Jubilee of the Young Women's Christian Association. 1st-The 115th anniversary of the birth of Titus Coan of Hawaii. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbus, S. C. 8th-The 115th anniversary of birth of George Dana Boardman of Burma. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Vork in Latin America, Panama. 13th-Reformed Church in U. S. Foreign Missions Conference 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Decatur, Ill. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Portland, Ore. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Richmond, Va. 14th-The 85th anniversary of the birth of James Stewart of South Africa. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Sacramento, Cal. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Davenport, Iowa. 18th-The 135th anniversary of the birth of Henry Martin of India. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Des Moines, Iowa. 20th to 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Lexington, Ky. 20th to 23d-l~aymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Francisco, Cal. 22d-Pageant to celebrate Jubilee of the Y. W. C. A. 23d to 25th Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Evansville, Ind. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymeri's Missionary Movement Conv., Nashville, Tenn. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fresno, Cal. 27th to Mar. 1-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Indianapolis, Ind. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Memphis, Tenn.

March bt to 3d, Sth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego, Cal. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, EI Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thoburn of India. BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Mi.~sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. U. S. A.

N Europe one sees con- riages" and war babies and outraged women and ruined lands and smashed IZI l tinental politics. In ideals and degraded morals, of what- China one is in the ever spiritual power it possest, the un- ~. ~ midst of the seething fittest left to face the vastest prob- ~ maelstrom of world lems; and of China unmilitaristic, politics. Europe has prodded on by injustice, to become long realized that China is the great- a great militaristic nation, to be an est prize politically and commercially on the planet, and is amazed that COMPARATIVE SIZE OF UNITED STATES AND CHINA American business men have so long neglected the greatest future market avenger with fifty miIlion "regulars" in the world. Spain, Portugal, and at her command. For many centuries HoIland each, more than two cen- she has absorbed all conquerors, or turies ago, in the palmy days of their driven them out. "China is a sea maritime supremacies, headed the that salts all that it touches." In the movement to exploit China for their thirteenth century she had a scourge, own advantage. Ever since that time, Jenghiz Khan, before whose conand especiaIly in recent years, the Eu- quests those of Cesar and Napoleon ropean LiIiputians have been trying, pale into insigrlificance, who conwhile they may, to bind the great quered all of Europe west of the con- Asiatic GuIIiver before he wakes. They know that they can never do it after China comes to its own.

China in international politics has been a veritable Banquo's ghost that would not down-a question insistently paramount, dominating all other issues of international politics. Just because of her marvelous potentialities there has been a feeling of dread on the part of Europe, as it viewed this vast inchoate monster looming out of the Far East, a coming power, not auspicious, but portentous.

There is already a vision in Europe of itself, decimated of its best blood and brawn and brains, burdened with incalculable debts, prostrate in its weakness, robbed, through "day mar-

fines of Germany, and all of Asia pean statesmen as Tocqueville and from the frozen north to the Indian James Bryce; such generals and lead- Ocean. Europe has mistaken patience ers of Far Eastern troops as Chinese for cowardice. The Chinese soldier, Gordon and Lord Roberts and W oIse- properly equipped and led, has, ac- ley; such naval experts as Beresford, cording to foreign generals in the Von Tirpitz, and Admirals Fisher Far East, few equals. and Mahan; such Oriental adminis- The astonishing thing is that while trators as Dr. Morrison and Lord the statesmen and rulers of Europe Curzon; Stlch famous diplomats as are hopelessly at variance as to the Anson Burlingame, Count Cassini, S.

future fate of the nations around Wells Williams, and Colonel Denby; about them, there is a marvelous such Chinese advisors as Schurman unanimity as to China being the of Cornell, Adams of Michigan, coming land of towering importance. Goodnow of Johns Hopkins, and Even in his day Napoleon saw this John W. Foster; such missionary future, and laid down this dictum: statesmen as Mott, Speer, J. Camp- "A lion is asleep; do not rouse him. bell White, and A. J. Brown; such When China is awake it will change foreign missionaries as Mar tin, the face of the world." A nearer and Mateer, and Hayes. Indeed, the a better man, "The Golden Rule opinion of these men and a host of Diplomatist," John Hay, that great others-business men, manufacturers, and good friend of China, whose editors, consuls, educators, and mis- spirit of justice and fair play caused sionaries-would be found to bear the Chinese statesmen to admire and out this whole general position as revere him as much as to despise the summed up in a notable argument by muddied diplomatic deals and dealers Professor Reinsch, long special stu- of Europe, is credited with this pre- dent of things Chinese and American scient pronouncement: "The storm- minister at Peking, when he says, center of world politics, despite all "By all signs of the times China is eddies, has moved steadily eastward, destined to become the industrial and from the Holy Roman Empire, on commercial center of the world, and past Rome, past the Balkans, past the Pacific the chief theater of the Constantinople, past the Persian Gulf, world's great events." past India, to China, where it win remain, and whoever understands Now what are these elements that China socially, economically, politi- enter in to make such a future incally, religiously, has a key to world here in China, constituting China the politics for the next five centuries." grandest opportunity on the globe, £ommercially, politically, and religi- A great galaxy of men, looking at ously, an opportunity supremely that land out of every nation and worth while to be cultivated, which from every angle of their specialties, cause men to dare make such statestudents of the Far East, are of this conviction. We· see this in the ut- ments with regard to China? There terances of such American statesmen are several known potentialities of as Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, China which make men confident of and William F. Seward; such Euro- her tremendous future:

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

The Geographical Location able globe. They cover as much area I. Her location, in what Gladstone as Europe, one and one-half times called "the zone of power," where all the size of the United States plus masterful races have dwelt. She has Alaska; and these eighteen provinces every variety of climate, with the are less in size than the four fringed richest soil, vast mountain ranges dependencies: Manchuria, Mongolia, from which dash great cascades, East Turkestan, and Tibet. Lord Bal- transformable, like Niagara, into four has said: "No nation can be per- future electric and industrial power. manently great without an adequate S. E. Little, the geographical expert physical basis· of empire," that is, on China, says that no land can without land enough. China has that compare with China in the extent of basis. All the great nations of Chris- its waterways, a network of canals tendom excuse all the ungodliness as vast as cheap, uniting many sec- that they have ungodly done against tions of the land. There are four small states on their continent and thousand miles of sea coast, with against heathen folk and backward many and great harbors, such as nations in the Orient because of their that of Tsingtau, which port the attempt to conform to that law of Germans planned to make the New success. Because of it in the last few York of the Pacific, and capable of decades Christian Europe has stolen holding the navies of the world. ten-twelfths of Africa; practically all The water system of the Yangtse of the islands of the sea are theirs; alone is greater than the Mississippi they took them; and all of the vastest system. of continents, Asia, where dwell two- Hundreds of miles inland stands thirds of the human race, also in con- one of the great ancient capitals on formity to this law they have taken the banks of the Yangtse. What -all except Japan and China, from would England not give to-day for which latter they have already carved such a capital, as Germany plans to huge slices.

hurl her armies into London? With 3. "Population," as the veteran 680 miles between it and the sea it China missionary statesman, Dr. W .

. would be harder to take than Con- M. Hayes, once said, "is to a nation stantinople. .what cells are to a battery. The elec- Did the all-wise God have in mind tric motive power depends on the some vast plan when He set this race number of them." .Assuredly China within its own borders, a race four has the cells. Too long have Ameri- thousand years young, more virile cans, with their pin-hole parish con- than in its beginnings, surrounded ception of the missionary enterprise, by the frozen steppes on the north, closed their eyes to the impinging of with the vastest of all mountain this great race upon the world.

chains to the west and southwest, Professor H. A. Giles, of Cam- and the wildest of all oceans in front bridge University, one of the greatest of it? living sinologs, says that if all the The Territory and Population Chinese in the world were to pass by 2. The eighteen provinces of China a given point, befor.e the last one of constitute one-tenth of the inhabii:- the present generation could pass

that point a new generation would the southwest, alone has some seventy have grown up to have taken their million people.

places, and so the procession would march on forever. Natural Resources In this world-war, the most colos- 4· China's natural resources can sal, the most costly in men and money scarcely be exaggerated. They are that the earth has ever seen, the untouched, unparalleled, incalculable.

question of men is of supreme im- Everyone of these great provinces of portance. Already the warring na- China is rich in the most necessary tions of Christendom have lost some oils and ores and minerals. One of six million men, and it is estimated the keys to understand the reason that at the present rate of fighting all why the great nations of Christendom the men of Europe able to bear arms have repeatedly taken China by the (some 28 million) will either be im- throat and shaken her for every sort prisoned or crippled or rotting under of concession-mining, railroading, the sod by the end of 1918. It be- oil fields, territory, harbors-is the comes a very pertinent consideration, natural resources of China. If any therefore, that nations ultimately fail will study the reports of the expert for lack of men. geological commissions of the great Athens and Sparta, struggling for European governments in China, he the hegemony of the states of will find out very soon why they have Greece, both ultimately failed for lack been so eager to thrust themselves in.

of men. The medieval city repub- Geologists say that most of the lics, Pisa, Genoa, and Florence, in min era I fields of the world are their rivalry for the leadership of mapped, many of them are exhausted the Italian states, failed for lack of or nearing exhaustion, particularly so men. Holland, possessing sea supre- in Europe. Moreover, geologists af- macy, was unable to hold it over firm, as voiced in a notable article by England for lack of men. All the the late Professor N. S. Shaler, that leaders and rulers of Europe are cry- the industrial age of the present and ing out to-day in agony in the lan- future depends absolutely on these guage of the King of Montenegro, natural resources. The business of "Oh, if I only had the men." China the world would collapse at once has the men. The United States has were the flow of these resources to eighteen states, the population of each cease. It is axiomatic that this pres- one of which is less than the popu- ent and the future age are built on lation of each of many of China's the pillars of iron and coal and cop- 1,700 great and ancient walled cities. per and gold. Germany to-day fears According to the latest statistics, vastly more the shortage of copper China's popUlation is greater than and oil than many army corps of her that of all the nations at war, ex- enemies. That is why she is sedu- cepting Russia, India, and Japan- lously picking the brass hinges and plus their dependencies and colonies, knobs and trimming off from the plus twenty of the most interested doors in conquered Belgium, France, and prominent neutral nations. The and Poland, why her children are single province of Szechuan, far to scraping together every brass boiler-

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

bottom and kettle, why an army of Japan has schemed to get posses- miners has followed the progress of sion of these great mines of China, her armies as they approached any especially the Han Yie Ping, near section that contained these riches of Hanyang, 680 miles up the Yangtze the subterranean depths. River. Here, as in many other places, The report of the German geologi- the coal and iron occur together.

cal expert, Baron Von Richtofen, on Japan now has a regular entrenched the mineral wealth of Shantung and camp and barracks of Japanese sol- Shansi Provinces, was unbelievable, diers watching over these mines. The and so the government sent out a Chinese are here turning out pig iron, commission to check him up. Their shipping it hundreds of miles down report is a key to why Germany went the Yangtze River to Shanghai, and into Shantung, with its wonderful across the Pacific to San Francisco, harbor on its eastern coast, with more from there to Chicago, and laying it than forty million people in the prov- down on the Chicago market for less ince, and a vast hinterland with all than it can be laid down from Pitts- its products and natural resources to burgh to Chicago. This is an earnest feed through the great port of Tsing- of the market that the Chinese have tau. The Province of Shantung is already developed in many South rich in coal and iron and gold. In American countries, in Japan, and in Shansi, 419,000 square miles of the Asian states.

best quality of Pennsylvania anthra- Forests, Furs, and Fish cite have already been mapped, with corresponding immense quantities of Altho we speak of China as being bituminous coal. The vein of the an- a treeless country, yet in Manchuria thracite averages thirty-one feet are vast forests from which millions thick. Much of it is on the surface, of feet may be cut every year, and which the Chinese as yet, because of without detriment to the forests, if their fear of earthen dragons, have they are scientifically attended to.

scarcely scratched. The same holds in the Yalu River Along the frontier of Yunnan district, between Manchuria and Province, which for hundreds of Korea. And, incidentally, these vast miles is coterminous with the Burma timber preserves are important ele- boundary, one could find incalculably ments in the rivalry of Russia and great stores of coal and iron and Japan.

gold and copper. Most of the prov- How many American readers inces have at least fifteen of the know half a dozen important facts most necessary oils and ores and about the Amur River and its tribu- minerals. taries – a vast system of streams Chinese have sustained themselves thousands of miles long, richly all these centuries as farmers by in- stocked with fish, in whose regions tensive cultivation of small garden the most valuable sort of fur-bear- 'plots. Now they are just beginning ing animals are trapped, and which to enter upon the great industrial waters a vast domain, the Asian stage of the future. equivalent of Canada?

Chinese Characteristics ve10us adaptability of the Chinese: 5. Most remarkable of all are the "As a serpent without hands climbs race characteristics of the· Chinese. with the monkey, without fins swims John R. Mott affirms that of the with the fish, without legs runs with thirty nations whom he has visited the panther, so the Chinese, by his and studied, the Chinese have imprest marvelous adaptability, competes with him most of all, combining, as they all races in all lands, takes half a do, all the elements of the conquer- chance that other men despise, and ing, freedom-loving Anglo-Saxon wins." The Chinese is the supreme race-patience, industry, frugality, colonizer. He has more people in steadiness, endurance, cheerfulness, various lands of the Far East than physical virility, fecundity, homoge- are native to those lands. He owns neity, adaptability, mentality. the great hangs and banks, steamship It is of some consequence to the lines and mercantile houses. He has rest of the world that the Chinese is the supreme quality of adaptability.

at home in all climates, can compete He is more acceptable to the largest successfully with the denizens of the variety of women than any other frozen north and the peoples of the man-that is to say, he marries torrid south. As a soldier he re- through the largest number of races; quires less food and will stand more and he energizes every race that he hardships than any other. Four gen- touches.

erations of Chinese are born to our One of the great characteristics of three. Na other race has ever been the Chinese is his power to hang on able to mold the Jew into itself. A part in the presence of seemingly hopeless of the dispersion of the ten Israelitish conditions. As the saying is in the tribes that wandered eastward Far East: "He can live longer on a into that section of China which is copper cash (a coin with a square called Kai Feng Fu and settled there hole in the center and worth one- has become Chinese. No other race fortieth of an American cent)' than has ever, so far, solved the Moham- any other human, and when the cash medan problem, Russia has forty is gone he can live off the hole." This millions of Mohammedans in Central power to endure is only another way Asia. France has sixty million in of referring to him as illustrating Africa. England has eighty million the law of the survival of the fittest, in India. Tho England is a past and explains why he continues to master of subject races, even she can exist with ever-increasing virility do nothing with her Mohammedans while all his ancient contemporaries in the way of amalgamation with have gone ·into mournful oblivion. It other races. As troops, they must is significant to note that those an- have special diet, special food, special cient contemporaries were militaristic, clothing, special wages, ceremonials. armed to the teeth. For instance, the In western China there are millions powerful Egyptians and the Hittites of Mohammedans who have all been fought each other to a standstill, such molded into Chinese. as one seems to see to-day in Flan- There is a famous saying in the ders and northern France, and then Far East with regard to the mar- disappeared out of history. The Chi-

16] CHINA: THE COMING POWER

nese hangs on whichever way he dro11s of water, and like hideous function s, whether in athletics or methods of torture. school life, or in religion. The Chineae Civilization Christian Chinese boys, in the first generation out of heathenism, trained There is 110 space to speak in dein the primary schools of the mud tail of the great civilization of the villages by their missionary friends, Chinese, the solidity, the diversity, in a land where athletics are despised, have gone to the recent far eastern YUAN' SHIH-KAt Olympic games at Manila and there competed against Americans and Eng- Wbo bas signified his purpose to be Emperor of lishmen and Europeans, and won! China and has taken his seat upon the imperial These Chinese boys, out of the first tbrone. (The coronation has not yet taken place) generation of heathenism, trained in mission schools, are continually going the antiquity of it, nor to show in deto strange lands and studying in a tail how when our ancestors, before foreign tongue in universities of those the Gospel was brought to them by lands, and are becoming honor men, the missionaries, were reeking in taking first prize. When President barbarism, the Chinese were highly Eliot was asked how the forty-seven cultured; that when Chinese mer- Chinese boys studying in Harvard chants, drest in elegant brocaded silk compared with the American stu- and satin robes, were sending their dents, he replied that he would have caravans straight westward across the to search through all the hundreds of Asian deserts to trade with ancient American boys to find their equals. Rome, our ancestors were savages clad in skins of wild animals. While An example of how the Chinese functions religiously was the Boxer war. In the dreadful Boxer days they refuted the lie of the unchristian globe-trotter when in the Province of Chili these peasants, the first generation out of heathenism, laid down their lives, more than twenty thousand of them, rather than deny the Jesus God. Recanting was made easy. All they had to do was to bow before the idols or mutter an incantation before an incense stick, or draw a cross on the ground and spit on it. They knew that death would be accompanied by tortures unspeakable, such as the Ling Chi, the death of a thousand cuts, the cutting off of ears and noses, the gouging out of eyes and heart, boiling in great caul-

our English forebears were offering forebears of the Lords of the British human victims taken in war to their Admiralty were hugging the shore- cruel Druidic gods in the recesses of line in willow-woven canoes, the Chi- their oak forests, Chinese emperors nese were guiding their big junks were uttering prayers of singular straight out to sea.

beauty and majesty to Shang Ti, the John W. Foster, our greatest au- one true god; an army of scholars thority on international law, long ad- were making an encyclopedia of hu- viser of the Chinese government, says man knowledge that filled hundreds that in view of their history and of volumes; students were competing achievements no nation, ancient or in civil-service examinations for posi- modern, has stronger claims to be tions of governmental preferment. called a great people, than the Chi- While our Scotch ancestors were nese.

dwelling in caves, eating not only raw In view of all the foregoing, it may flesh, but human flesh, the Chinese, well be understood that Europe and elegant epicures, dwelt in walled cit- Japan believe what Lord Beresford ies, centers of administration, pos- years ago is reported to have said: sessing in their princely homes ele- "Whoever shall find a way t0' domi- gant Cloisonne, bronzes, bric-a-brac, nate China, whether through conces- gardens of many varieties of shrub- sions or by trade supremacy, or by bery and chrysanthemums; the i r force of arms, will find a way to poets, already thirteen centuries old, master the world more completely were writing graceful odes on the than did Rome in her day."

brevity of life and chanting the vir- The Issues at Stake tues of their heroes. Long before our Teutonic ancestors, clad in skins So vast are the issues at stake in of wild animals, were sliding on China for the future that after this their shields down the Italian Alps to war, if the Triple Entente wins, Rus- ravish and decimate and loot and de- sia pressing from the north through stroy all that fair Italy had gathered Mongolia, and England pressing from of the ancient classical civilization; the south through Tibet, will be keen long before they conceived of the rivals for the greatest plum in the idea of the Witenagemot, the council trade world; and Russia and Japan, of freemen, the boasted beginning of keenest rivals despite the present our Anglo-Saxon liberties and of the hypocritical alliance, will continue to ancient town meeting, the Chinese plan war to the knife and the knife to democrats, then as to-day, had a sys- the hilt until one beats down the tem of local self-government adminis- other. If the Dual Alliance wins, tered by village elders chosen for China again will be the great source their fitness. of disturbance, will be the great prize The Chinese invented the printing- for which the Teutons will press type and had great libraries of his- Japan, for the Teutons have served tory, philosophy, ethics, morals, and notice in many forms, "Woe to thee, poetry centuries before Gutenberg Nippon!"

and Caxton were born. They also in- But there are vaster issues even vented the compass, and when the . than all these involved in the future

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

rise of China. Christendom, by its An appalling element of the whole unchristian acts, its attitude of iron- situation is that Christendom, by its heartedness directed against the militaristic policy, has driven the Chi- Orient, and especially toward China, nese to feel that they must base their has caused this great land to seethe safety on militarism, and the amazwith discontent, with an aroused dis- ing spectacle is now seen, contrary to trust and hatred of all these West- the teaching of all the classics, of ern powers. It believes in the disin- Yuan Shih Kai, the President, writing terested friendship of none of them a poem which is now being sent all save alone, possibly, that of the Uni- over China, and taught to the army, ted States. The genius of China is on the glory and the honor of being peaceful. Tho having conquered in a soldier! many wars, China does not look upon itself as a warring nation. Its pride Europe will have only itself to is in its scholars and its sages. It has thank if it causes to develop and to always put the scholar first in the so- emerge from the Far East a vast and cial scale as the molder of the ideals soulless heathen militaristic machine of the people; the farmer second in a able and eager to trample it into social scale as the preserver of the rum. necessities of the physical life; the soldier lowest in the social scale be- Will the United States learn the cause, as the Chinese says, he is a lesson in time, and show the Chinese taker of life. The Chinese say it is what it means to be a big brother, as idiocy to kill a man because you over against what China has been exhave a difference of opinion with periencing of the outrages upon her him, for to kill him settles nothing. of big brigands? If China is not The genius of the Chinese race is evangelized it is possible for her to for peace. In a quarrel they get to- paganize and ruin us. And the gether through a middleman, a peace- American Protestant Church, by the maker. Each concedes something, catastrophe of this world-war, is on and an agreement is arrived at. "Live trial, as never before, not only for and let live." evangelizing China, but, in the man- ful facing of that problem, the sav- ing of its very life.

President Woodrow Wilson, while addressing recently a gathering of ministers, uttered the following strong words about the missionary enterprises in China: When I hear men pleading for the means to introd~ce Christianity into a part of the world now for the first time wakening to the possibilities of the power that lies latent in it, I wonder if it is possible that the imaginations of Christian people will fail to take fire.

This is the most amazing and inspiring vis,ion-this vision of that great sleeping nation suddenly awakened by the voice of Christ. Could there be any greater contribution to the future momentum of the moral forces of the world than could be made by quickening this force, which is being set afoot in China? China is at present inchoate; as a nation it is a congeries of parts, in each of which there is energy; but which are unbound in any essential and active unit, and just as soon as its unity comes, its power will come in the world. Should we not see that the parts are fructified by the teachings of Christ?

Facts About China

the people in China in Leading Chinese affirm that while they rank, joining hands, and are Confucianists, they regard Chris- they will girdle the globe tianity as the chief hope for China. ten times at the equator with living, beating hu- Every great upheaval in China has, man hearts. under the overruling providence of God, Every third child born into the world, been followed by the wider opening of looks into the face of a Chinese mother; doors for the preaching of the Gospel. every third pair given in marriage, plight their troth in a Chinese cup of wine; A province in Manchuria with 1,500, every third orphan weeping through the 000 has only one missionary. In Monday, every third widow wailing through golia 2,000,000 have none. Outer Karan the watches of the night, is in China; province has none. Tibet has 6,000,000 every third person who dies is a Chinese. 1,557 of the 3,033 walled cities of China with none. have as yet no resident missionary. In China there are 2,955 Christian con- Tens of thousands of towns and villages have no center of Gospel light. No gregations, 548 ordained Chinese pastors, province is adequately worked. 5,364 unordained workers, and 470,000 Only one Chines'e man in a hundred, connected with evangelical churches. taking the empire through, can read, and still fewer can write a letter. Of the From some 15 of the most important women, not more than one in a thou- theological schools in China it appears sand can read or write. that during the past year about 450 The Chinese government reports more men have been engaged in preparation than 40,000 schools under its control, for the ministry. These figures are sigand has primary and intermediate grades nificant, because it is upon the Chinese in every province, with total enrolment preachers that the ultimate success of of 1,500,000 students. The mission the country's evangelization depends. schools are said to be far ahead in quality of teaching, and 75 percent. of the Two years ago Bible study in Tientsin text-books used in the government was practically unknown in government schools were prepared by Christians or institutions. Three months after the under Christian supervision. Eddy meetings, out of 545 who had signed cards, 430, or 80 per cent. were studying in 54 Bible classes in the gov- ernment schools, in the Young Men's Christian Associations, and m the churches.

CHINA-OLD AND NEW Old China had an obsolete system of New China has a passion for modern education. education. Old China built pagodas to Buddha. New China builds school houses for Old China traveled by wheelbarrow youth. New China travels by steam and elec- and chair. tricity.

Old China did nothing for centuries New China would do everything up- but hold on. to-date.

Now is our time to help mold China for Christ.

T. Washington, Servant

His Fellow Men – A NEGRO'S VIEW OF THE NEGRO LEADER BY CLEMENT RICHARDSON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA OOKER T. WASH- multiplied his labors in his- efforts 11B1 INGTON'S watchword was "service." He was to bring hope and comfort to the an emancipator to the poor of his race and in pleading toiler in the ditch and their cause before the world, until his arteries hardened and his heart to the woman at the ceased to beat at the age of 56.

washtub. He died in Tuskegee Sun- Those who lived near him, who lent day morning, November IS, 1915. He their energies to lighten his burdens,

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO think of him, not as dead, but simply stoop as you go through it and you as on a long campaign to enlist aid, will save yourself many a hard to feed 1,500 black boys and girls, thump." Many have blamed Mr. and to provide them with heat, light, Washington for not condemning and means of education. To many, more loudly the outrages against his seen at a distance, Booker T. Wash- race. To have done so at the time ington seemed a good deal of a would have blasted the work he was wizard. To those nearer, he appear- doing. Day by day white men tirove ed as a humble worker, full of native by the institution and snarled. When common sense, with an eye for the the first building was going up at things at hand and with a great Tuskegee, some twenty odd years capacity for hard work. ago, certain men would drive by and make it a point to turn their heads Pitching his tent on a barren spot the other way. They doubted the sinin Alabama, this man, in thirty-five cerity of the enterprise and the adyears, built a million dollar institu- visability of educating Negroes. Dr. tion. How did he accomplish it all? Washington continued quietly and In the first place, he never thought in humbly to do his work. The other terms of failure. He planned care- day at his funeral many of these same fully, read his Bible, prayed in secret, men bent in sorrow over his body, in and then went forth armed from tip company with the boys and girls to toe with confidence in his cause. whose education they had opposed and condemned. In raising $56,000 for current expenses, in putting up new buildings, Booker T. Washington never alin establishing a water system at lowed himself to be humiliated. His Tuskegee Institute, in orgamzmg motto was, "No man shall drag me farmers' conferences, Negro Business down by making me hate him." How Leagues, and in touring states, he often have I seen him move audiences never expected failure and he very with a bit of an anecdote like the folseldom accepted it. lowing: "When I was a boy, I used to love to fight. I loved to get an- Yet with all his success Booker T. other boy down in a ditch and pound Washington remained humble. "My him and pound him. But I soon lad," said Dr. Cotton Mather to Ben- learned that I could not hold him jamin Franklin, "you are young and the world is before you; learn to

BOOKER T

down without remaining in the ditch nips, a sweet potato, an ear of corn myself." and say, "Here's what it means. A man with 500 bushels of the earth's His fixt principles were early im- sweet potatoes is worth $500 of the planted in him from the Bible, of earth's riches." which he was a close student. No matter where he was, he spent a half The farmer would see the point and hour every day reading and meditating the next year would come back with upon the Word of God; and over his more of the earth's riches. body the minister read out of the Bible, which one of his teachers gave His text to men to keep out of him when he was a student at Hamp- debt was, "To him that hath shall ton, and from which all these years be given." he had gained daily food for strength. Most of his addresses in the South Another great principle of Scripwere made to the masses of his ture that he must have absorbed was people, and his talks were usually drawn from the vision of Peter, and based upon Scripture. Tho his ser- the words from heaven: "Call nothmons were not theological, his exi- ing common or unclean." No topic gesis was so unique, and so reason- to him was too commonplace, no able, that it imprest the lessons never work despicable. He looked to the to be forgotten. need only. Who is there that can forget the lesson of the toothbrush, One of his favorite texts in speak- of putting on a nightgown, of taking ing to Negro farmers was "The the old pillow out of the window and earth is full of Thy riches." He putting in a pane, of nailing up the would begin by asking what it meant. fence, of putting. the gate on the Then he would seize a bundle of tur- hinge?

He went a step further and TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS ON COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY, 1915

preached the need of beautiful sur- the truth of his doctrine. Last April roundings. He added to repairs the it was my privilege to accompany use of whitewash and of paint, of him on his educational tour of flowers, of pictures, of trees, of good ulUisiana. At every place all wished clothes, but without show or osten- to stop him, to shake his hands, to tation. Own your house and farm thank him either for the good he if possible, or failing this, build up, had done them personally or for the repair, and beautify wherever you general good he was doing the are. Thus you will be of service to South. the owner of the property and better fill your place as a worthy and pro- At Alexandria, La., people crowded gressive citizen. about the train, almost stopping its progress. Three of us shouldered Missionaries say that they can our way to the ground, clasped hands best reach the poor natives of foreign and began a fight to the stand on lands after these folk have been fed which he was to speak, about a half and clothed. This was the theory block away. We bucked, we shoulof Booker T. Washington. Correct- dered, cajoled and begged. Behind ing one's surroundings, and beautify- us a small squad of police suring premises were to him processes of rounded Mr. Washington and led Christianity. Moreover, these acts him to the platform. In five ,minlaid the foundation of a broader life utes that solid mass of faces grew of usefulness. He felt that men attentive, then uproarious, then atcould not be whole-hearted Christians tentive, then mobile, then flushed when their clothes were out of with enthusiasm. When it was over shape, and when they were loaded the police squad led him away to a with debts. He often summed it up spot which looked deserted. By the to the Tuskegee students in those time they had put him in an autonever-to-be-forgotten Sunday eve- mobile the crowd had surged about ning Chapel talks with, "I don't see and 10! there was another blockade. how a man can be a good Christian with one suspender on, or with his But, in spite of all this flattery, shoes all dowl1 at the heels." from the best black men, from gov- ernors, from judges, even from As a Public Orator kings and princes in foreign lands, he was never spoiled for the small Orators who draw great crowds audiences. He would plunge into often become spoiled, so that they his message before a cluster of farmcan not arouse enthusiasm to speak ers by the roadside with the same to the two or three. Few men have abandon with which he swayed addrest larger, more enthusiastic: whole multitudes. He was moved audiences than has Dr. Washington. from within by his message, not by For him cities have declared holi- the size of his audiences. The fact days, and railroads have changed is, while he gloried in the great their schedules, that all might hear crowds, he enjoyed going back to the his words. Rich and poor prest rude little churches, to the lonely in to hear what he said and to attest schoolhouses in Macon County, where his school is, and having his

T. WASHINGTON l03

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON SPEAKING DURING THE LOUISIANA TOUR OF 1915 say just as he had done 20 years taurant, in the back of a grocery back. store. The floor of this hostelry was Mother Earth. The dinner was As he accepted any condition with boiled collards and peas and some audiences, so he did with food and of the old lady's home-made pickles, lodging. Noone will soon forget which were put on in his honor. He the tempest caused by his dining with was as much at home,. as happy and Mr. Roosevelt in the 'Vhite House, as courteous, as if he had been in the and with Mr. John Wan:l111aker. White House or sitting at table op- About a year ago, I sat (!;)wn with posite a millionaire. him to dine in a poor woman's res-

He frequently made local tours in failure a disadvantage. Had he done the interval of a trip to the North, or so, he would have addrest few audi- of more extended journeys into other ences in the South. He invariably . states. These tours were the result had an audience of two races, whose of a sort of cry from Macedonia. interests were common, but the dif- After one of his addresses the ap- ference of whose color kept them peal would come from Missi~sippi, at great odds, now, not so great, from Florida, Louisiana, from the thank God! because of his words. Carolinas, from all states where These two races sat there looking Negroes are in large numbers-ex- him in the face-eager, hungry, but cept perhaps Georgia. An organ- each very curious to see what ad- ization, usually the state business vice he would give the other. The league which he himself had been black folk with pride claimed him instrumental in starting, assumed the as their most precious gift. The financial responsibilities. Then town whites sometimes wanted to argue and city business leagues contributed the mixture of blood. His task was so much pro rata. Dr. Washington to weld· these factions, to supplant never allowed a charge for admis- jealousy, misgiving, race antipathy, sion. Sometimes speculators would with a spirit of friendliness and help- slip around and sell tickets, but as fulness toward each other. soon as he heard of it he would stop the thing, even if he had to threaten It was a tremendous and delicate to cancel his engagement. Nearer task. Any moment, with any audi- home he bore all the expense him- ence he might make a slip and set self, or through funds given him. pandemonium agog. Any undue re- Sometimes a special car would be buke of his own race, any over-as- leased and arrangements made with sertion of rights to the whites, and railroads to drop and take on this his very life would have been in car at given points. danger. Yet he said what was needed, and saict it in such a way Now he spoke to from two thou- that men saw the injustice or the sand to five thousand people at nine absurdity of their acts and repented. o'clock in the morning, to an audi- When he wanted to criticise Georgia ence of like size at noon, to another before a mixed audience in Atlanta at 2 or 3 o'clock, to another at night. for spending about ten dollars per The speeches were from an hour to capita on educating white children two hours in length, and he gave all and $1.67 on Negroes, he told them there was of him to the task. Eager that such a distribution argued more faces looked up into his, hungry for natural superiority of his race than Lhe message, and aisles were packed his modesty would allow him to ac- Voices outside were clamoring for cept. When in Birmingham, Ala., he admission, faces were prest against sought to go upstairs in a large office windows, and the world was ex- building and found that the only pecting great things of him. elevator for his race was marked "For Negroes and freight," he said Life on these trips was not easy to the audience, "My friends, that's or without great hardships. Booker mighty discouraging to a colored T. Washington never considered even

T. WASHINGTON

man." They saw the justice of it, tion from contact. Only from meetand the white men, several hundred ing men and discussing freely probstrong, were heard to say, "that's lems common to all, he argued, could right." a clear and friendly relation be es- tablished. How often did he ex- Sometimes on these trips he had claim to audiences all over the South, hard experiences. During a tour "My friends, the best people of each through Florida a mob broke out race never meet. My race comes near him and sought to seize a Negro in contact with the antagonistic memin the jail and lynch him. In Mis- bers of your race, and your race sissippi, during his tour of that state judges us by the type of Negroes they hanged two black men on trees HOW THE NEGRO WASHINGTON INFLUENCED THE NEGRO CROWD Forty carloads of out-of-town people listening to Dr_ Washington at Mo und Bayou, M ississippi near the railroad, apparently that he you get in the courts. Is that just?" might be sure to see them. But he Probably the harshest crhlClsm saw them only with the outward eye. What he really thought of such ever launched against him arose from deeds, how they really affected him, the position he took toward the the· world will know only in part. Negro in politics. Those who In all such cases he attributed the launched this criticism, said flatly violence to ignorance in general, and that he did not want the Negro to to the race's ignorance of each other. vote. They knew not the man_ His panacea for it all was education, Booker Washington was a man of education, education from books, but tremendous faith in the final justice also, and more emphatically, educa- of God and of his fellow men. He saw that, taken for all and all, the

Negro was none too well fitted for eration is a man to serve, the one the ballot. This was so in intelli- which has passed and needs no servgence, in property holding and be- ice, or the one to come whose needs cause of the Negro's prejudices on he does not know? the one hand and those of the white man on the other. What he wanted Booker Washington's adjustment and wore his life out to attain was to the political and racial conditions that the Negro should lay the foun- of the South is the price he paid dation of citizenship first. After for the existence and service of Tuskegee Institute, and for his own PhotOgraDh by the American ,press ASSociation life and service in the South during MAJOR ROBERT R. MOTON the last thirty years. The white people had to get used to Negro Successor to Booker T. Washington as Principal schools and educated colored people. of Tuskegee Institute. Major Moton is a full- They would never have tolerated a Negro school which took for its blooded negro and was born in 1867. propaganda Negro political rights and social justice, no matter how fair this is done, he believed that the that stand might be. Surely in all black man would, through the jus- this Dr. Washington put himself out tice of God and man, come into his of the question, for his talents, his right as a voter. He thought this to be ability to choose and' keep men in ir,evitable. Moreover, as an apostle line, would have made him early one of peace, he was almost forced to of the great political factors of the such a stand, whether his conviction nation. so dictated or not. About the polls were continual riot and bloodshed, "Men tell me," he used to say, sometimes leading to the expulsion "that I have been very fortunate, of large numbers of his race from very successful in life. If that is localities. In this some say he was so, it has depended upon my getting a time-server. Be it so. What gen- other people to do things." In a sense this was the great secret-one sense only, for he was possest with a zeal for work. Certainly it was the secret of his abandon to any great undertaking. He chose men wisely, men who would cheerfully lay down their lives for the cause, and when he went forth he did so with the confidence that affairs at the school, valued tho they were at nearly two million dollars, would be safe and well conducted.

It must be kept in mind; that in addition to educating Negro boys and girls, Booker T. Washington was engaged in demonstrating a bigger and more intricate proposition. It

was that Negroes could do things to whom he submitted all his books, themselves, that they could be his articles, his speeches, his plans, trusted, that they could work one for scrutiny, who sat at his side on with another without more than the the platforms, gave him names of average friction among men. That people and whispered suggestions. he reached the place where he could Indeed, the world will never know leave this immense plant for months just how much of the work of later at a time is a pretty fair demon- years was Scott's and how much stration of this proposition. was Dr. Washington's. Back of these are a hundred men and women When asked near his last day what on the grounds who have been there was to become of Tuskegee, he re- long enough to catch the spirit of plied, "Tuskegee is to go -right on HOW TUSKEGEE IS CHANGING NEGRO SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH Out of the old schoolhouse into the new-Pine Grove, Lee County, Ala.

under the men there,"-under him whose work remains to be car- Warren Logan, who like himself is ried on; and back of these are thoua graduate of Hampton, who for 28 sands of humble black men and years has been Acting Principal in women throughout the republic who Mr. Washington's absence, and who have raised their heads a little furis responsible for the sound finan- ther from the ground because Booker cial standing of the school; under Washington lived, and who will add their mite and their sympathy in Emmett J. Scott, who for 18 years seeing that Tuskegee pushes forward the work for which the man of their has been his confidential secretary as ranks lived and for which he gave well as the secretary of the institu- up his life. tion. It was Scott whom he delegated to go to Liberia in his stead,

China-The Land of

BY THE LATE REV. SAMUEL POLLARD, CHENTU, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodists, 1887·1915 N the years gone by, fore Foreign Devils worship Him." How changed it all is. Those were mI the officials in the days of great uphill work A few Province of Yunnan, of us held a half night of prayer and . where I have spent there came a promise to us that we a quarter of. a cen- should see thousands of people con- tury, were either hos- verted. Before many years there tile or coldly indifferent to Protes- may be a Christian Church in South tant missionary work N ow and West China of half a million memagain a minor official was a friend of bers. When years ago we admitted the Westerner, but we never dreamed two men into the Church in one day in those days of mandarins attending we were greatly elated and rejoiced. Christian services. Now, however, One afternoon recently in one village the highest officers in the Province center alone a hundred and three are frequent1y listening to Christian men and boys and seventy-three appeals and encouraging those under women and girls were baptised. them to follow out the high ideals. In Tali Fu, West Yunnan,_ where A short time ago a mission of ten the Panthay rebels had the seat of days was held in a large city in the their government, about forty years North East of Yunnan and the at- ago, missionaries labored for thirty tendances numbered thirteen thou- years, and did not see thirty consand. The officials, professors in verts. Now the people come in government schools, heads of police, crowds, and on one occasion more and others, nearly all accepted invi- people were baptized than in the pretations to be present, and several vious thirty years. God is giving the made speeches commending the work increase. of the missionaries. The great work among the aborig- In Yunna~ Fu, the capital of the inals spreads like a prairie fire. Not Province, and one of the most beau- long ago some native missionaries tifutly situated cities of the whole of wrote saying they had discovered a China, for thirty years, men and lot of other people willing to receive women missionaries have plodded on Christian teachers and break with with very little success. Now con- the past. They estimated that they versions are frequent, services are had gained "another ten thousand crowded, workers are in good heart converts." and the name of Jesus is highly respected by many who are outside of What is going to be the next move the churches. Years ago in that in this great land of great surpri~es beautiful city, I woke up one morn to where the people are restless and find the legend written across my feeling after some One who stands front door, "Jesus is a Devil, there- at their door and they know it not?

in the

A TRAVELER'S IMPRESSIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

~~:6l~~F a traveler were blind- "'What pleasure can we have to strive folded in Siam and with evil? transported tot h e Philippine Islands and And is there any peace in ever climb- the blind removed he ing up the climbing wave?' might at first doubt "Weare ambitious only to be as whether he had left Siam at all. He we have been. Do not disturb us would see around him the familiar with restless dreams." domestic animals, most conspicuous among them the uncouth but indis- The contrast in the Philippine Islpensable carabao. Paddy-fields, just ands is instantaneous and complete. like those in Siam, stretch about him, Here are eager people, full of life edged with palm trees, skilfully ter- and hope, drinking eagerly at the raced and irrigated and filled at the fountains of new life and energy, same planting season with cheerful cheerful, happy in their greetings, companies of brightly drest village pushing hard against old limitations. folk setting out the rice plants. Many In fifteen years they have swung clear cadences of the native songs sound out of the back eddies of resignation like the strains heard on the streams in which the great mass of the Siaand the roadways in Siam. The mese people are sleeping into the houses of bamboo and nipa thatch, great stream of earnest life and joythe banana-groves, the women's ous effort which sweeps through the skirts, at least in the island of Pa- modern world. It is exhilarating to nay, the sun and the seasons, the come into this atmosphere of freebetel-nut, and, indeed, most of the dom and democratic joy after having outward forms of life might lead a felt the heavy pressure of the weight traveler to wonder whether he had of inert or despairing hopelessness not been led on some long, circuitous which rests on the mainlands of eastjourney which left him still in Siam. ern Asia.

One day's experience, however, It is due to the Roman Church would show that he had passed into and to the Spanish government that conditions differing from those he neither the narcotic influence of Budhad seen as day differs from night. dhism nor the sterility of Islam, nor The spirit of Siam is quiescent, inert. the wayward wastefulness of ani- "What profit can there be in strug- mism has destroyed the spirit of the gle?" it seems to ask. "Did not our Filipinos. They taught the people lord Buddha teach that all desire is to believe in God and in the great perempty? sonalizing and renewing principles of Christianity, and they gave them ele- ments of the ideals of thought and

standards of action which determine American Education the values of life. The American The most remarkable and effective spirit has unreservedly recognized of the agencies which the government this debt of the Philippine Islands to has used has been the new educa- the past and has erected on the sea- tional system. The Philippine public- front looking out over Manila Bay a school system, as its director says, is great monument in which Legaspi, probably the most highly centralized the soldier, and Urdineta, the priest, system in the world, and it is hard stand on either side of a cross, typi- for anyone who has not seen its fying the three great forces which for work, ramifying through all the prov- four hundred years wrought upon the inces of the Islands and rapidly per- spirit of a not unresponsive people. vading the whole body of society, to But when all this has been said, no realize its power. When the Ameri- one can fail to see that it is the ef- cans came to the Islands they found ficiency and unselfishness of the ser- no public-school system. The Roman vice that America has rendered in the Church had its own higher schools, Philippine Islands during the past but the few primary schools in exis- fifteen years which is chiefly respon- tence were negligible. In March, sible for the present conditions. In 1915, there were 3,837 primary these fifteen years the Islands have schools, 3d9 intermediate schools, and made almost as marked progress, in- 41 secondary schools, a total of 4,187, tellectually and economically, as in with a total teaching force of 9,845.

the previous four centuries, and every More than half of all the children of year marks a further advancement im- school age in the Islands were en- measurably greater than the Siamese rolled.

government is accomplishing for a When the schools were first population about equal, but with a opened the people were uninterested governmental revenue more than or suspicious or opposed, now the double that of the Philippines. schools are their most popular insti- Americans have a right to be proud tutions. The first act of the Filipino of the achievement of these fifteen legislature after its inauguration was years. The spirit of a whole people to pass an appropriation for school has been changed from suspicion to purposes. One-fourth of the entire good will, from despair to hope, from budget of the insular government is inequality and privilege to democracy devoted to education. Everywhere the and brotherhood. A national unifica- people freely vote taxes for educa- tion has begun and is rapidly ad- tional purposes and contribute from vancing, not only unchecked but in- their personal funds for the support spired and promoted by the Ameri- of schools and furnish labor and mate- can administration, not only without rials for school buildings. Within a fear but with joy and of set purpose. few years the great mass of the popu- The whole process has been free and lation will have been given a primary living, and guided by moral forces education, so that everyone will be which have made no use of the me- able to read and write. An inter- chanical and militaristic agencies to mediate education will have been giv- which other lands have resorted. en to the substantial middle class of

IN THE PHILIPPINES

the country, and higher instruction jealousy and of tribal strife with gen- will have been provided for those erous rivalry. who are to assume leadership. Industrial instruction has steadily The Filipino people never have changed the viewpoint of the people been a unity. They had no common respecting manual labor, has raised language or literature. But a small the standard of living, improved the fraction of them were able to speak home and home life, taught better Spanish, and while, to this extent, methods of cooking, sanitation and Spanish constituted a bond of union, the care of children, provided voca- it was also an agency of separation tions and developed national re- among the people and of aristocratic sources. No normal pupil is promo- domination. The schools made Eng- ted from a primary or intermediate lish the language of instruction be- grade without participating in indus- cause a common language was es- trial work. Already the effects of sential for national unity, because the schools are apparent in every de- English gave the fullest contact with partment of the life of the people. In . the ideals of democracy and because many provinces men under thirty are it is the commercial language of the no longer seen at the cock-pits, and world, especially of the Far East. every year the revenue from the N ow it is estimated many more peo- licensed cock-fighting diminishes. In ple speak English than ever spoke every province farmers are multiply- Spanish, and a generation is growing ing their tilled areas, having learned up to which English will be the Fili- better methods, and realizing now pino language. The change that has that the old days of insecurity and already taken place is illustrated in oppression are gone. the fact that during the half year ending December I, 1913,4,377 appli- Wherever we traveled through the cants took the civil service examina- Islands in the dozen provinces which tions in English and 490 in Spanish, we visited we attended the schools while six years ago the number tak- and came away with new courage and ing the examinations in English was hope in the remembrance of this 4,223 and in Spanish 1,975, and in great host of eager, responsive, en- the year ending July I, 1914, 2,443 thusiastic young lives drinking in the were examined in English and 3,011 streams of truth and democracy, and in Spanish. dreaming for themselves and for their Islands the great dreams which may The effect of athletics and of in- not always yield the great deeds, but dustrial education in the schools has without which certainly the great been equally remarkable. Clean games deeds can not be. These boys and have brought with them noticeable girls in the high and intermediate improvement in the physical develop- schools constitute· one of the great ment of the people, who stood in opportunities of the evangelical misgreat need of such influences. Sports sions. Wherever these missions have have developed energy, organizing any chapels in the neighborhood of ability, and the faculty of coopera- the schools, a large part of the contion, and have replaced the spirit of gregation is sure to be made up of students. They come from and go

back to the better-class homes, to Cebu look very much like hillside which it has been most difficult thus cornfields in America. Altho nearly far to secure access. Their educa- half the area of the Islands is esti- tion has raised questions in their mated to be forest, we traveled wide- minds which they are not willing to ly through the islands and only evade and which bring them to reli- twice came in touch with the forests.

gious teachers who do not forbid Mindanao alone has, in an area them to think and who are willing to about equal to Holland, Belgium, and lead them forward into the new land Denmark combined, only 626,086 in- of liberty. Within the next ten years habitants, or seventeen to the square tens of thousands of these young mile, while Java, whose physical con- people for whom mere ecclesiastical ditions are similar, has 590 to the authority has no meaning should be square mile. It has the best climate brought into a living faith in Christ. in the Islands, 22,000 square miles The educational achievement of the of forest, and as good grazing last fifteen years in the Philippine ground as can be found anywhere in Islands is vividly seen by comparing the world. If you ask for anything it with the educational system of in the Philippine Islands that you Siam. have not found elsewhere, you are Total Government Siam. Philippine met with the reply, "0, yes, you will Islands. find it in Mindanao." Income ………. $28,070,774 $11,275,074 Thousands from other islands are Devoted to Education $623,499 $2,082,172 moving thither. Whole evangelical congregations from Cebu have re- Total number of 4,187 moved to northern Mindanao. Young 610,519 men from Silliman Institute have schools under the scattered along the north t:oast carry- Department of Public Instruction 394 Pup i I s in the s e Schools ……… 25,486 ing with them the seeds of the new The Siamese government estimates life which they got at Dumaguete.

that there are approximately 2,900 The communities are wide open to local and private schools with 95,000 the Gospel. When the representa- scholars not under the ministry of tive of the Congregational Church to public instruction. Let such schools which Mindanao is assigned in the and scholars be excluded in the Phil- distribution of responsibility for the ippine Islands and included in Siam, evangelization of the Philippines came and the latter would have 3,294 to Cagayan, the governor, treasurer, schools and 120,486 scholars in a presidents, and all the chief officials population about the same as that of welcomed him, calling for a hos- the Philippines. pital, a college, a dormitory, a The land which these young peo- church. After the slaughter in the ple are being trained to develop is a cock-pit Sunday afternoon it was of- far more attractive and habitable and fered for a meeting, at which the homelike land than it is easy for us crowds drank in the words of the in America to conceive. The Islands preacher. The next day the chief are not all swamp and forest and political paper of the city called tropical jungle. The cornfields of upon the people of the province to

give the missionaries their friendship Everyone who longs to see the Ro- and support. Similar doors of op- man Church purified and set free portunity are wide ajar on every must look with sorrow upon it as it side. stands divided and confused among The Failure of Romanilm the havoc which it helped to make The Roman Church had its unhin- and among the mighty forces of dered opportunity for four hundred freedom and hope which are repair- years. I have already borne un- ing that havoc and building in its grudging testimony to some of the stead a structure of truth and lib- good that it accomplished, but it erty.

wrought also much evil and it Evangelical Opportunity showed itself, through its divisions, The present situation offers what its inefficiency, and its despotism, Paul would call "a wide door and ef- incapable of doing alone the work fectual" to the work of the evangeli- which needed to be done. It was cal missions. Fifteen years ago the divided and is divided still. The churches entered this door with zeal friars contended with one another and wisdom. In a spirit not of ex- and with the Filipino clergy, from clusive claim but of distributed re- whom they sought to take away the sponsibility, they divided the task, parochial care of their own people. assigning central and northern Lu- In 1849 only one-fifth, and those the zon to the Methodists, southern Lu- poorest, of the 168 parishes under the zon to the Presbyterians, the Visa- Archbishopric of Manila, belonged yas to the Baptists and Presbyter- to the Filipinos, and this number ians, Mindanao to the Congregation- was steadily reduced, for the decree alists. Later, room was made in Lu- of September !O, 1861, gave power zon for the United Brethren and the to the Reccoletos "to administer the Disciples. The Episcopalians, who parishes of Cavite province and other had begun their work for Americans parishes now under the native clergy and the non-Christian tribes, were as they are being vacated." The led on by the very compulsion of the friars' orders, which are now regain- need to share in the general work ing something of their strength, are for the Filipino people in Manila.

again a source of disunion and con- These determinations of responsi- flict. The Church was and is inef- bility have been of the greatest value.

ficient. One of its own lawyers, as They have secured a far wider evan- well as officials whose business gelization than would otherwise have brought them into relation with it, been possible, and they have minis- told me that they were amazed at its tered to the unification of the people business incapacity and at the losses through the subordination of all de- that it had suffered in consequence. nominational division and the co- No one can look at the present in- ordination of the results of the work effective and misapplied activities of of almost all the missions, not only the Church, missing so much of the in an evangelical union of the work- wonderful opportunity of the present ers, but in a church union of the con- day, without marveling at its want gregations in the one "Evangelical of insight and intelligent direction. Christian Church of the Philippine

Islands." The Church is wofully true and tactful influence which will weak as yet in wholly self-supporting lead them to take Christ into their local units, and there appears to have lives as their living Master.

been temporarily a subsidence of One sees no hope of any self- the zeal and momentum of the first generated movements of religious re- days. "Five years from now," said vival in the Islands. Aglipayanism one of the most intelligent and ener- is disintegrating, and, in the process, getic Filipino leaders, "you will find is passing through a pitiful degenera- that the tide has returned with fuller tion. It began as a great revolt strength than ever. The thought of within the Roman Church, but it rep- the people is concentrated at present resented no vital intellectual or spiri- on political discussion, but within a tual principle. It was a rebellion, few years this will have passed by. not a reform, and it met its death- Policies will have been clearly set- blow when the courts awarded the tled, and will have become under- Church properties to the Roman or- stood. Then, again, the mind of the ganization. A few church-buildings people will turn to the deepest prob- were built. Some of these are still lems and necessities, and multitudes maintained in shabby disrepair. Some both of the older people to whom of the people have returned to their the old religious forms are meaning- old superstitions, and even deepened less, and of the younger people to the fraud and falsehood which they whom they are unreal and untrue, repudiated, as in the case of the and who, believing intellectually in church in Santa Cruz worshiping God and Christ, are still seeking a and making money out of the Vir- vital experience, will turn to the Bi- gin of Malove, which is nothing but ble and to the Church which is not a curiously shaped knot of wood.

afraid to open its pages to the peo- Aglipay himself, under the influence ple and answer the questions which of one of his followers who has dug the people ask." up the remains of Renan, has now But our observation and experience taken up with a charlatan rational- would lead to the conclusion that ism. There is in him and his move- there is no need of waiting for five ment no hope whatever of religious years; that the door is just as wide or moral helpfulness to the Filipino open now as it was fifteen years ago, people.

and wider; that in almost every mu- The spirit of truth and freedom is nicipio and barrio in the Islands borne far and wide over the land to- there are men and women accessible day by men who have come from and waiting; and that nowhere in America or who have been raised up the world is there a richer and more from the Islands, whose sign is not immediate possibility of an evangelis- A. M., the monogram of Ave Maria, tic harvest and of a great molding which takes the place of the figure of of character in individuals and in a the Savior over the altar in some of nation than among the 50,000 stu- the great Manila churches, but A. D., dents enrolled in the intermediate the day of Mary'S Son, and who and secondary schools, who are dead carry not so much cross Dr crucifix, ripe for friendship and for every as the living Christ.

A SERVICE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO

A Wide-Awake Church in Brazil A STORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO BY REV. ALVARO REIS, PASTOR Few Christians in North America and England know of the strength and influence of some of the Prote~tant churches in South America. It is therefore illuminating to read of the history and manifold activities of this organization which is but a sample of many equally strong and evangelical.-EDITOR.

@}j~~~ll HE Presbyterian Church A church building was erected in of Rio de Janeiro was 1873, with a seating capacity of six organized over fifty hundred, and in the Jubilee year this years ago (on January was enlarged by the addition of a 12,1862) by Rev. Ash- gallery seating 300 people. bell Green Simonton, In May, 1897, when the present the first American Presbyterian mis- pastor took official charge of the sionary to Brazil, who had arrived church, the number of members was in Rio two years and a half before. 585, and in eighteen years the church increased to 1,395 members. In 1897, Two years later, Rev. Jose Manoel the church had one other preaching da Concei<;ao, an accomplished priest station (in the suburbs), while to-day and eloquent orator, who. was c~:m­ there are five (daughters) organized verted from Roman Catholicism, was churches that worship in their own ordained in this church as the first buildings, beside twelve congreganational preacher.

tions, ten of which have no buildings. -for the propagation of the Gospel, In the same period the contributions with a circulation of twenty-five hun- for all purposes have grown from dred copies. $8,000 to $14,000. The activity of the Presbyterian All this work, including the Sun- Church of Rio is indicated by the day-schools in all the churches and organizations at work, which include a Ladies' Aid Society, senior and PASTOR ALVARO REIS junior Christian Endeavor societies, and a normal Sunday-school class. congregations, is directed by mne na.tive preachers and teachers, and This church renders financial asthere is not an American Presby- sistance to much good ~ork in Brazil terian missionary working in all this and to our first missionary station at field of the Presbytery of Rio de Lisbon, in Portugal, opened in 1910, Janeiro-a territory nearly as large during the pastor's visit to that as France. country.

In the Presbytery of Rio de Jan- Fro~ this church. have gone out twelve preachers of the Gospel, and eiro there were received by profes- at present four members are presion of faith in 1914, 431 adults ; paring to preach. children baptized, 504. The Presbytery's contributions for all purposes The Christian Endeavor Society, amounted to $5°,000. after having constructed a nice little chapel for their first missionary sta- The Presbyterian Church of Rio tion in Fontinha (suburb), is consupports its pastor, one assistant structing now a large room for its preacher, and a secretary, who gives meetings in the yard of the Central his principal time to the editing of Presbyterian Church of Rio. This the weekly pap~r, Puritano (Puritan) structure will cost more than $4,000. This society, which is the strongest in Brazil, does good work among the prisoners, explaining the Gospel and giving evangelical tracts; also sends pamphlets by mail to the gentlemen of good social and political position, and occasionally distributes thousands of tracts on the streets.

If we want a strong and living Church it is necessary that every be- liever should read his Bible daily, as well as some evangelical book; that he should pray fervently; do his daily work honestly and diligently; that in every place, by his life and words and by evangelical efforts, he should do something daily for the advancement of the ;Kingdom of God; that he have

A WIDE-AWAKE CHURCH IN BRAZIL II7

some special work in the church, and nificant member or organ of the body that he contend constantly against the does not go well-good health disiniquity of this world, against the re- appears and sickness comes with its' ligious indifference, against the social sufferings and tears. My greatest corruption, against the superstition, efforts as preacher and pastor, and idolatry and fetichism of the Roman my purpose before God are that the worship, against the heretical doc- Holy Spirit may move all the hearts trines of the modern spiritualists and of the members of the Presbyterian their medical charlatanism. Finally, Church of Rio to do daily some work GARDEN IN INTERIOR OF EVANGELICAL HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL he must strive for the animation of for Christ and his Church. But all all the lukewarm believers who for- my efforts can not reach all the memget their church and that the great- bers. Oh, there are yet so many beest privilege in the world is to co- lievers that do nothing visible or peroperate with Christ in leading souls ceptible in favor of the Christian from the darkness to the light of the cause! In the meanwhile I will con- Eternal Life and Love of God. tinue in this effort as much as pos- sible through my sermons, prayers In the Church, the body of Christ, and conversations. The Evangelical all the believers have some particular, Church in Brazil is growing in numindividual and proper function to per- bers and power. form. When even the most insig-

America and the

BY BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Methodist Episcopal Bishop of South America ~~:i?2~~N at least five ways city. Merchants, contractors,' labor- the war in Europe in- ers-every activity of Argentina is jures missionary work led or well-near led by Italians. The in South America. Spanish speech of the port is taking 1. It drains our con- Italian forms, and that not with an gregations of young accent here, and a pronunciation there, but in the very warp and woof men. Immigration has brought mil- of the language itself. Belgians have . lions from nearly all parts of Eu- come to South America in far great- er numbers than I had supposed be- rope, and has flung them out over fore going there. They have a good- the wide spaces of the southern con- ly representation right over the whole tinent. Almost every race on the land. The French have found that far side of the Atlantic has made its part of the western world a conge- contribution. They have come seek- nial home, and have come in goodly ing the larger life of the young na- numbers, particularly for commercial tions where economic opportunity ends. joins with the spice of adventure so loved of all youth, and the stream Furthermore, it must not be for- has run almost bank-full during the gotten that this immigratiQnal stream last two or three decades. Germans is a comparatively new on"e.~· While practically dominate Southern Bra- Spain held her grip in South Ameri- zil. The southern end of Chile is ca, laws and administrative effort filled with sturdy sons and daugh- were centered in an attempt to keep ters of the same Fatherland. Eng- that land of Spain for Spaniards lish and Scotch and Welsh, not to only. Immigration was not only not omit the Irish, are there, particular- sought after; it was inhibited under ly numerous in the Argentine, where pains and penalties which Spain nearly all the railway lines are fi- could be. trusted to invent and ap- nanced by British capital. By hun- ply better than any nation which had dreds of thousands the British have not been learning cruelties from the made South America their home, and Moors for seven bloody centuries. have flourished exceedingly in their When Bolivar and San Martin and new and roomy habitat. Italians their companions in arms did for all have come in far greater numbers parts of that continent what W ash- than any other Europeans. They ington and his fellow soldiers did have flocked into Brazil and Argen- for our United Colonies-freed them tina, particularly, and to such an ex- from foreign control-it was half tent has this gone on that Buenos a century before the leaders of the Aires is almost as much an Italian ten republics into which they broke as a Spanish or purely Argentine up awakened to a full sense of their won them for Christ. This they have need of that enrichment of national done, and in center after center men life which European immigration from the embattled nations have bewould bring them. Then their early come members, and, in many cases, efforts were hindered for lack of leaders in our churches. The loss of proper publicity, and immigrants these men has injured mlSSlOn have never been as free to go there churches from Peru to Valdivia on as to come to this favored land. For the West Coast, and from Punta never before in history has there Arenas to the last port in Brazil on been a heavy race movement from the East Coast. And by far the north to south. These, as Mr. Ben- larger number will never return! In jamin Kidd points out in his sug- this lies the full meaning of this gestive book, "The Control of the form of our suffering from the mon- Tropics," have moved from east to ster war. west on either side of the equator, but have not crossed it in racial mi- Financial Troubles grations. Unsettled conditions of government, and religious intoler- 2. It deprive~ 1tS of the means of ance united to keep the flood at a self-support. Not only in our minimum, and what these forces schools, but in direct evangelistic and lacked was supplied in a vicious sys- pastoral work, the missionary activitem of land ownership, shutting the ties of that part of the world are small farmer from opportunity to carried on by means of the contribuget a home of his own. Due to all tions of members on the field to an these causes, and more which I will extent which would come as a comnot even specify, the immigrants in South America are nearly all of the plete surprize to many a: supporter of first gene.ration 'from their own lands. By far the larger number missions. In the Argentine and U ruhave come since they can remember, guay, for example, in the work and the bearing of it all on the mat- which I am attempting to direct for ter before us is that there were tens the Methodist Episcopal Church, the of thousands of men there when the free-will offerings of the members war broke out who were either im- and friends the last year before the migrants themselves, or sons of im- war was equal to the entire appromigrants, tho born in the lands of priation made by the Church in Europe, and neither father nor sons North America, Several of the naturalized in the land of their adop- churches have been entir<;:ly selftion. They were liable for military supporting for years, and the produty, and answered and are answer- cess was going on in a most gratifying the call to their national colors ing fashion until we were struck by in thousands and tens of thousands. this red horror of war. The injury is great in the matter of financial Now the missionaries at work in support, and the longer the slaughter South America would have been re- and the reckless destruction of miss in their duty had they not wealth goes on, the greater must be sought out these sons of Europe and the harm and loss.

How this can be done is not plain without thinking briefly of the re- lations which exist between South

America and Europe. It does seem The terrific destruction of capital puzzling and bewildering when one which was exacted from the first is told that a boarding-school in Bo- belching of cannon to the present_ livia is forced to shut part of its hour has goaded European capitalists work, and its very existence is im- into the most desperate attempts to perilled by a war in Europe! It get their scattered resources in hand only calls attention to the interlock- at the earliest possible moment.

ing of interests which has gone on Therefore, in the face of a series of since steam and electricity "made the years of poor harvests due to drouth world a neighborhood." It is one or floods, and in the very midst of more comment on the truth uttered large projected plans for public im- by Scripture-HN0 man liveth unto provements in nearly all parts of the himself." several nations, with coffee and rub- Being Latins, and harking back to ber both falling in price, and the European ancestry, European ideas stress of financial depression already rather than those from North Amer- crowding down national and com- ica, they have done their selling, their mercial intake, merchants and rail- buying and borrowing and banking, way financiers and national leaders in' Europe! The economic rootage have been called upon for the prompt of the southern continent is in Ger- payment of vast sums as fast as they many, in England, in France, in Bel- f'ell due, where they had confidently gium. Capital for huge government- hoped to extend times of payment, al loans in those republics comes and borrow yet more heavily until'

southwest and not south. It is their troubles blew over. All this European. Until last November makes itself felt right up and down there was not one bank in South the line of national life. Interest America that we ever found that rates go soaring. The small mer- would either cash a dollar draft or chant must square his accounts with sell a draft in terms of our currency. the wholesaler whether he can do so All the flow of business between or not! The farmer can not secure South America and North America the loan he needs to buy seed for the poured through Berlin or London or next crop. The mine owner is cramp- Paris. By far the larger share of ed and must dismiss his force. And their exports went to European mar- in the last analysis all this economic kets, and little besides farm machin- pressure reaches the missionary, and ery and mining machinery sent to the cuts off the support for the day- and West Coast and Brazil, and National boarding-schools in which youth were Cash Registers and "Walkover" shoes, being taught the ways of true relig- were bought in the United States. ion, and shuts off the contributions The war has hit the entire contin- which had made possible the rental ent so hard that business interests of a hall and the payment of a are staggering or prostrate. This meager salary to a national pastor has come about in two ways. First, who was gathering scores to hear the repayment of governmental and com- Word of God.

mercial loans has been abruptly de- Second, exports and imports have manded by the European lenders. been practically stopt in some dis-

AMERICA AND THE WAR

tricts, with all the wreckage of busi- for letters home, not to purchase ness that follows in the wake of such mediCines for the sick. With their a sudden shutting off of the steady income from students divided by at streams of income from millions of least five, and their support from the. people. Take Bolivia as an example, government entirely suspended, they and as one of the nations which is needed no convincing that the war suffering most heavily. Mining is interfered with missionary work in the industry by which Bolivia lives. South America. The Board is sup- Her mineral wealth is vast, and she plementing their income temporarily, manufactures nothing. Nearly 70 but the heroic force holds on with per cent. of the governmental rev- splendid courage. They should have enue comes from high export duties our prayers and our love. on ores of various kinds, tin being one of the principal products. In a In the nitrate fields of Chile, and day all export, all cabled orders for throughout the northern part, there export, and all correspondence about is distress little short of that which export stopt! What happened? Mines has reigned in Belgium. In all that were either shut down or went on desert country for fifteen hundred with reduced forces and under gov- miles there is never a shower of ernment aid. With the first firing, rain, and the one industry by which the ships of belligerents were either the cities live is mining of nitrate interned in neutral ports where they and copper. Here the same results happened to be, or captured by one followed which have been. described enemy vessel or another. above. Our mission school for boys at Iquique lost thirty of its fifty How did this effect missionary boarders in the first month after war work? Vitally. Patrons of mission was declared. Day pupils were alschools in La Paz and Cochabamba most all withdrawn. But for help faced utter poverty. They were from North America the mission forced to withdraw their sons from schools could not have been kept up. the schools. Governmental aid had been generously given to these insti- Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil tutions because of the excellence of feel the effects of the ~ar keenly. the work they were doing for the But one who passes from nation to youth of the land. But govern- nation as it has been my duty to do mental income practically ceased with during recent months sees that they the opening of the war. are suffering far less than West Coast countries. They get millions We have over twenty selected of pounds of frozen meats away college and university graduates to Europe by single steamers. They working in those two schools, and send immense loads of horses to feed . so pitiless has been the pinch of the the cannon and machine guns of a situation created by the war in Eu- hundred shambles of war. They exrope, as certainly as tho the firing port less than usual; but the stream had been done in their own streets, does not at any time entirely dry up. that these men and women had no From all these causes our work in salaries for months, and more than the various churches will receive a once had not money to buy stamps decided check this year, and while

the war goes on. Supporting Boards of toil in the name of the Christ, must reckon with this fact, and not such hellish forces seem to control expect the impossible. the world. It is a time to try men's Mental Distraction souls, and we feel it among widely separated workers and among im- 3. It preoccupies the public mind. mature Christians on the mission Public sympathy is strongly inclined field most acutely.

to the side of the Allies. But the 5. It embitters strong races among heavy German population of parts of whom 'we wMtld win souls. How the countries makes its own view intense this bitterness becomes may strongly felt, and the public mind is be understood in part could I right- so preoccupied with the wrangling fully tell the inner workings of mis- in community groups, the conflicting sionary administration, particularly in deliverancies of newspapers, and the its personnel. Germans will not go wild rumors and reports from day to to hear an Englishman preach. Eng- day, that it is only natural that at- lishmen refuse to accept the pastoral tendance should fall off at the labors of German pastors, no matter churches and chapels, and that those how discreet and restrained their who do come are not as open to the utterances. Members of the same influences of the preaching as they official groups in local churches re- were before this distracting and hor- sign, and even revile one another rible nightmare filled all their think- openly. Entire sections of com- ing by day and wakened them at munities become enraged at each night from dreams of carnage and other, and prayer-meetings are in- sudden drownings at sea. jured, and public services thin down 4. It saps the courage of many. to a handful, and Christ is wounded They say, "What is the use?" They at the hands of those who should be feel benumbed. They see a continent His friends. There is no racial feel- where religious influences have been ing so strong as that of the colonial, at work for all the centuries since the citizen away from his home land.

Christ came. There Paul and Au- He idealizes the land from which he gustine, Calvin and Knox, Luther has been absent just long enough to and Wesley lived and ~aught and soften all his impressions of its fail- wrought mightily for the righteous- ings, and throw up into strong re- ness which is the goal of the King- lief all the advantages and glories dom, nay, the Kingdom itself. And of loved scenes and dear associations that is the continent which has blazed and a boasted past. The entail of into an unrighteous war, the most hate seems more unchristlike to me terrible and merdless of which his- even than the wounds and piled up tory gives us any knowledge. There terrors of the battlefields. Christ de- can be no doubt that much of the mands love, even of enemies. We see visible lack of prayer and zeal in bitter hatred, and can only speak our mIssIonary circle" in South plainly of its unchristlike character, America in recent months has come and pray that it may be swallowed up from this dumb feeling of di ,cour- of the deeper iove of Christ our agement that after so many centuries Master and King.

Shih Kai and the

BY REV. E. w. THWING, PEKING, CHINA Oriental Secretary of the International Reform Bureau 1~~m.:s……'Iti1JIAST year a beautiful troubles come upon the world, and Bible was given to times of danger. Men make plans, President Yuan Shi but we know that all things depend Kai, but he said that upon Heaven (God). he had not time to read it, and gave the Last year I read how Your Excel- lency sacrificed to Heaven on behalf volume to his son. Recently, how- of the nation. But from ancient ever, he has devoted some time times the burnt sacrifice has a deeper daily to the Ancient Sages. As he meaning than· is often seen. We has not time to go through the books should seek to know the true reason himself, he has directed some of his for God's ancient law. Councilors to make selections for his use. As your Excellency is now read- ing selections from the wisdom of the Not long ago, by special appoint- ancient Sages, I ask that you may ment of the President, I secured an also read some selections from the interview with the Chief of Cere- "Save-the-world Classic," the book mony, and suggested that the Presi- that tells of God's purpose, and that dent might be greatly helped in the is as a light in world darkness. This affairs of State by reading the Bible. book has been known and read by The fact was mentioned that men great men of all ages. like Abraham Lincoln and President Wilson found much help in reading President Wilson, of my own the Bible, as one of the world's most country, finds in this book daily ancient books, and full of the Wis- guidance and help. I have prepared dom of God. a few selections of subjects of pres- ent interest for your Excellency's The Chief of Ceremony agreed perusal. If it is your Excellency's that the President might well in- pleasure, at a latter day I will preclude this book with the other ancient pare other selections. classics, but that at present he read only documents. The Chief of The Unchangeable Word of God Ceremony suggested that selections from the Bible might be put in the I. ANCIENT KINGS RECEIVED form of a document, and that he would then see that the President GOD'S MESSAGE. read them. In the "Li Chi" it is said: "the In harmony with this suggestion Ancient Kings received the decrees the following documents were pre- of God and were able to rule the pared and sent to President Yuan. people." "To lose them is death, to gain them is Iife." To the President: When the Great Doctrine is lost The Bible has given God's law in fuller detail. Nate the following: "God spake all these 'Words saying",·

(then follow the Ten Command- wickedness must bring punishment. ments. Exodus 20). A nd I will punish the world for Those who keep God's Command- their evil, and the wicked for their ments will have great blessing. iniquity,' and I will cause the arro- gancy of the proud to cease, and will And it shall come to pass, if thou lay low the haughtiness of the ter- rible. (Isaiah 13: II.) shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of tihe Lord thy God, to ob- 4.' PRIDE OF MAN BRINGS DESserve and to do all his commandments which I command thee this TRUCTION. day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the The rulers of Europe have become earth. proud. This brings the punishment of God. It was so in ancient Baby- And all these blessings shall come lon and Egypt. on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto voice of the Lord The great King of Babylon was thy God. the greatest at that time but God took away his throne for pride: If men disobey God's Law, trouble and sickness come. A t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom If thou wilt not observe to do all of Babylon. the words of this law that are written in this book, phat thou mayest fear The King spake, and said, Is not ~his glorious and fearful name, THE this great Babylon, that I have built LORD THY GOD: for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the Then the Lord will send plagues honor of my majesty? on thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, artd sore sick- While the word was in the king's nesses of long continuance. mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, 0 king Nebuchad- 2. MEN FORGET GOD'S LAW. nezzar, to thee it is spoken,' Thy kingdom is departed from thee. Confucius said: "The Great Doc- (Dan. 4: 30 -3 1 ). trine has become hidden," and he sighed. And because of the majesty that God gave him, all people, nations, The Prophet Isaiah of the Bible and languages, trembled and feared said: before him: whom he would he sle'lu; and whom he would he kept alive; Because thou hast forgotten the and 'whom he would he set up" and God of thy salvation, and hast not whom he would he put down. been mindful of the Rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant But when his heart was lifted up, pleasant plants, and shalt set it with and his mind hardened in pride, he strange slips. (Isaiah 17: 10.) was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him. 3. CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S WAR. (Daniel 5: I9, 20.) Many kings and people have forgotten God's truth and love and now 5. GOD IS KING OF ALL THE follow selfishness. This brings the wars and world unrest. (Matt. 24: EARTH. 6.) There is no other way for sin, and But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting

SHIH KAT AND THE BIBLE 12

King; at his wrath the earth shall Now, therefore, 0 Lord, our God, tremble and the nations shall not be I beseech thee, save thou us of his able to abide his indignation. hand, that all the kingdoms of the Thus shall ye say unto them, The earth may Imow that thou art the Gods that have not made the heavens, Lord God, even thou only. (2 Kings and the earth, even they shall perish 19: 15-19.) tram the earth, and from under ~hese And there came a great deliverance heavens. from God.

He hath made the earth by his Therefore thus saith the Lord con- power, he hatfJ, established the world cerning the king of Assyria. He by his wisdom, and hath stretched shall not come into this city, nor out the heavens by his discretion. shoot an aj'row there, nor come be- (Jeremiah 10: 10-12.) fore it with shield, nor cast a bank 6. GOD IS ABLE TO SAVE IN TIME against it.

OF TROUBLE. By the way that he came, by the Behold, God is my salvation; I will same shall he refurn, and shall not trust, and not be afraid: for the come into this city, saith the Lord.

Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and For I will defend this city, to save my song,' he also is become my sal- it, for mine own sake and for my vation. servant David's sake. (2 Kings. 19: Therefore with joy shall ye draw 32 -34.) water out of the wells of salvation. 8. GOD IS ABLE TO GIVE WISDOM (Isaiah 12: 2, 3.) TO A GREAT RULER.

7. FORMER KINGS ASKED Gon. Solomon was the most famous king The ancient king of Judah prayed of ancient Judah. He asked God for when in trouble. wisdom and guidance.

And Hezekiah prayed before the And Solomon said, Thou hast Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of shewed unto thy servant David my Israel, which dwetrest between the father, great mercy, according as he cherubim, thou art the God, even walked before thee in truth, and in thou alone, of all the kingdoms of righteousness, and in uprightness of the earth; thou hast made heaven and heart with thee; and thou hast kept earth. . for him this great kindness, that thou Lord, bow down thine ear, and hast given him a son to sit on his hear: open, Lord, thine eyes, and throne, as it is this day.

see: and hear the words of Senna- And no'W, 0 Lord my God, thou cherib, which hath sent him to re- hast made thy servant King instead proach the living God. of David my father: and I am but Of a truth, Lord, the kings of a little child: I know noV how to go Assyria have destroyed the nations out or come in.

and their lands. A nd thy servant is in the midst of A nd have cast their gods into the thy people thou hast chosen, a great fire: for they were no gods, but the peoplc, that can not be numbered work of men's hands, wood and nor counted for multitlude.

stone: therefore they have destroyed Give therefore thy servant an Ihem. understanding heart to judge thy

people, that I may discern between persun, and upholding all things by good and bad: for who is able to the word of his power, when he had judge this thy so grea~ a people? (I by himself purged our sins, sat down Kings 3: 6-9·) on the right hand. (Hebrews I: 1- His prayer was answered. 3·) A nd God gave Solomon 'Wisdom 11. CHRIST THE SAVIOR DIED AND and understl(lnding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the ROSE AGAIN. sand that is on the sea shore. The story of the Gospel is of Christ And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the Son of God who came to save the east country, and all the wisdom and teach men. He died on the of Egypt. (I King 4: 29,30.) Cross, was buried and rose again, and 9. GOD IS A SPIRIT THE FATHER He is the Hope of the world to-day. OF MEN. Have we not one father? (Malachi But now is Christ risen from the 2: ro.) dead, and become the first fruits of But the hour cometh, and now is, them that slept. when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in For since by man came death, by truth: for the Father seeketh such man came also the resurrec~ion of to worship him. the dead. God is a Spirit: and they tha~ worship him must worship him in spirit For as in Adam all die, even so and in truth. (John 4: 23, 24.) in Christ shall all be made alive. 10. How DOES GOD SPEAK TO (I Corinthians, IS: 20-22.) MEN? And inasmuch as if) is appointed God spoke to the ancient prophets unto m£!n once to die, and after this of old. He spoke to Moses, the ser- the judgment; so Christ also, having vant of God. He made known His been once offered to bear the sin's will which we find in the Bible. of man)', shall appear a second time, apart frmn sin, to them that wait for For no prophecy ever came by the him, unto salvation. (Hebrews 9: will of man: but men spake from 27, 28.) God, being moved by the Holy Spirit. (2 Peter I: 21.) 12. JESUS THE MEDIATOR. Jesus thu3 become the one medi- But afterward He sent His Son ator, or "middle man" between God into the world. and man. He shows the true way to God. God, who at sundry times and in F or there is one God, ood one divers manners spake in time past mediator between God and men, the unto the fathers by the prophets. man Christ Jesus; TVho gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due H atk in these last days spoken unto time. (I Timothy 2:5, 6.) tlS by his Son, whom he hath ap- 13. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE. pointed heir of all things, by whom It was the death of Jesus on the also he made the worlds,' cross that became the great Sacri- fice. All others pointed to this. From Who being the brightness of his the earliest times of Yao and Shun, glory, and the express image of ms men have offered the blood of sacri- fice to God for their sins. The blood

SHIH KAI AND THE BIBLE

of oxen and sheep could not save throttghout all the coasts of Judea, men, but they showed to men the and then to the Gentiles, that they need of a Savior. The book of should repent and turn to God, and Hebrews explains how Jesus became do works meet for repentance. (Acts the great Lamb of God, a sacrifice 26: 18-20.) for the sins of the world. These things were preached before But Christ having come, a high kings and they were moved by the priest of the good things to come, truth.

through the greater and more perfect For the King knoweth of these tabernacle, not made with hands-that things, before whom also 1 speak is to say, not of this creation,—-not freely; for 1 am persuaded t'hat none yet through Vhe blood of goats and of these things are hidden from him; calves, but through his own blood, tor this thing was not done in a entered in once for all into the holy corner.

place, having obtained eternal re- King Agrippa, believest thou the demption. (Hebrews 9: II, 12.) prophets? I know that thou believest.

His blood alone can save men from Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Al- sin and give Eternal life. most thou persuadest me to be a 14. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. Christian. (Acts 26: 26-28.) Jesus is the world Savior. He is IS. FAITH IS THE POWER OF GOD not for one nation of people, but for TO SALVATION.

all men. He is the light of the The Heavenly Gospel is for all.

world. He comes to the people of Anyone high or low may receive every nation. God's grace. It is only necessary to To open their eyes, and to turn believe in His word, for it is the them from darkness to light, and power of God.

from the power of Satan unto God, For 1 am not ashamed of the that they may receive forgiveness of Gospel of Christ: for it is the power rins, a,nd inheritance among them of God tlnto salvation to everyone which are sanctified by faith in me. that believeth; to the Jew first, and Whereupon, 0 king Agrippa, 1 also to the Greek.

was not disobedient unto the heavenly A letter from the President's Sec- vision. retary reports that the President has But shewed first unto them of read the selections and sends his Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and thanks.

~–~~– -~– CHINESE PROVERBS SELECTED BY THE REV. W. D. HUDSPETH 1. If one does not learn in youth, what fountain-be mindful of the source of your will one do when old? benefits.

2. Do not be afraid of going slowly, 9. Time flies like an arrow, days and but of standing still. months fly like a weaver's shuttle.

3. Regard righteousness as gain. 10. Wealth is as dross, righteousness is 4. Hurried men lack wisdom. worth untold gold. 5. If you do not scale the mountain you can not view the plain. 11. To rise betimes, means full iIIumin- 6. The instructor leads to the door, but ation; to rise too late, means nought but perturbation. aptitude rests with the individual. 7. Man propo~es, Heaven disposes. 12. The door of the law-courts is always 8. When you drink water think of the open, but if one only has right and has no money, one must never enter.

and Priests In Tibet *

BY MR. R. CUNNINGHAM, TAKUTANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission { Co";"· "' lBETANS pray and pray (the highest deity in lamaistic philos- ophy) is accessible at all times and in T ~, without c.easing-by day all places. } and by night. They pray eve r y w her e, util- Tachienlu, West China is a city of izing everything mov- temples. There are eight such edifices able and immovable, in in different parts of the city, reprethis one act of devotion. The gentle senting five different sects, the most breeze waves their prayer flags in the popular being the "Ni-ma" or Red sect; air; the mountain stream revolves their the most influential the "Geluba," or Yelcumbersome prayer wheels; the sacred low sect. From early morning till late oil forever keeps alive the voice of pray- at night prayer is offered in some form er. The traveler notes the fact that the in all these temples. Assisting them in Tibetans are a praying people. The their worship they have several different roads, especially the entrance to the vil- kinds of instruments, the most conspiculages, are literally strewn with prayers; ous being the trumpet, drum, bell, and streamers hang from tree to tree and cymbal. Every Tibetan house has its house to house. In gaily different colors own private temple with a number of they flutter across the rivers. Bridges private lamas. Thus from palace, home, are literally pasted with paper prayers. and temple the voice of prayer is never Rock and cliffs are carved and chiselled silent. with the sacred inscription, "Om mani pad-me hum" ("0 Jewel in the lotus"). The priestly population may be divided One never passes a caravan without into three classeS'. First, the lama or hearing some Tibetans in it mumbling ordained priest, who has made the long their prayers. journey to Lhasa and there received The Tibetan needs no muezzin to call ordination from the Dalai Lama or some the hour of prayer; dawn finds him well other high dignitary. Second, the through the first act of devotion. If "draba," or unordained priest, who hopes the alacrity of his prayers proves any- some day to visit Lhasa; and third, the thing, it proves his willingness at least "ameho," or private lama, who has to pray. Leisurely he can utter 400 neither desire nor ambition of ever seewords a minute. Nothing but the eating ing the sacred city. Another may be of food will keep' a Tibetan from pray- added, namely, the "chang-cha-ba." This ing. No matter how stormy the elements latter is seldom met, tho there are one or may be, he still goes on repeating the two in Tachienlu. They have accumuwell-worn phrase, "Om mani pad-me lated unlimited merit and have made hum." Traveling across a grassy plateau heaven with all its joys and happiness an or over a high snow-bound pass he would absolute certainty. much rather pray than indulge in coarse banter. Every Tibetan prays and prays The lama, or ordained priest, is a repersonally; he does not leave his spiritual spectable, wealthy, well-fed, well-clad welfare in the hands of the lamas person. He spends his life almost wholly (priests). He believes that Kun-cho in the temple, accepting engagements only from the very wealthy Tibetan families. Having visited Lhasa and • From West China Missionar;,l N~w•• . been received by the Dalai Lama, or hired to carry them and to produce even "Panchen-im-bo-che," his prayers are the faintest sound requires no small more efficacious, a fact very evident from amount of breath. A number of drabas the price he charges for reading them. reading their sacred books gives added interest to the procession. But the most For one day's service he receives the conspicuous part is the carrying of the sum of one rupee (33 cents), not in- clay figures by a number of dirty, ragged clusive of food and wine. To many beggars. The dress and demeanor of wealthy families he acts as family priest, these beggars make them unable to ap- family physician, and family advisor. If preciate the religious significance of the he has great influence in a home, noth- occasion and therefore deprive it of ing is done without his permission or much of its solemnity. They are paid sanction. to carry the clay figures and other im- pedimenta of the procession, the re- When the King of Chala was in ligious interest of which is no concern trouble a number of wealthy lamas were of theirs. invited to his palace to read prayers. After the usual divining and casting of On arrival outside the North Gate the lots, it was divined that the cause of his priests form a semicircle, in the center impending calamity was due to the fact of which they place the clay figures. that many evil spirits had taken up their After some more blowing of trumpets, abode in his palace. To avert the ca- beating of gongs, and reading of prayers, lamity, the evil spirits must be removed a lama lifts the clay figures above his in the following manner : For ten days head, pronounces the doom of the evil there assembled in the large open court- spirit, then dashes them to the ground. yard of the palace a large number of A number of smalI boys, who miss the lamas, drabas, and amchos. In the cen- sacredness of the performance, rush in ter of this large assemblage were placed and pick up the head-gear and dress of anumber of small clay figures into which the figures, scrambling for the most they hoped to induce the evil spirits to coveted partS', while the priests rend the enter. To this end a number of ap- air with their guns, gongs, and trumpets. petizing dainties were placed in front This religious procession is' known in of them. At a given sign from the Chinese as song kuei, i.e., escorting the diviner a number of guns were fired, in- evil spirits. dicating that the evil spirits had taken up their abode in the figures. The as- The draba is a lesser Buddhist light semblage then formed into a long pro- than the lama, Not having made the cession and marched outside the North pilgrimage to Lhasa, he has not the Gate. power and influence Df his superior in the religious order. His services, none This religious procession is one of the the less, are very much in demand. As most interesting and truly grotesque the draba gives his humble services for sights to be seen anywhere in Tibet. the modest sum of 100 cash (six cents) The procession is over two hundred per day, he is therefore much in demand yards long and marches the whole length among poorer classes of people. Who-' of the city. The most important per- ever invites him to read prayers, feeds sons in it are several mounted lamas, him; his 100 cash he spends in wine. drest in their long monastic robes. For his night's shelter he trusts to some FolIowing the lamas are a large number friendly poor who may be in his debt for of drabas, playing various instruments prayers read but unpaid for. The draba and producing alI kinds of sounds. Two is an easy-going, good-natur~d t,,,,iul;:. priests blow tremendous trumpets ten whom nothing disturL~ aud nothiul;: per- feet long, a number of coolies being

1Jb tHE MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD (F'ebruary

plcxes. His life motto seems' to be: flat on his body and while thus pros- "Sufficient unto the day is the evil there- trate makes a mark on the ground with of." Like every other Tibetan, his dress is his hand. He then rises, takes three quite protean and therefore very service- steps to this mark and then prostrates able. It is his wearing apparel by day, himself again. This he does every step his priestly garment when reading pray- of the way between his home and Lhasa, ers, and his bedding by night. taking three years to make the journey. To accomplish such a feat, great physical The amcho is the lowest order in the endurance is necessary. Three reasons Buddhist rank. In Tachienlu, at least, he are given for such an extraordinary pilis a most disreputable and irreformable grimage. First, to atone for some great character. In habits he is lazy and dirty; sin committed in the past; secondly, to in manners insolent and trucculent; in obtain great merit and influence as a appearance shabby and penurious. The lama; and, thirdly, to make the obtainhigh ethical teaching of Buddha, with ing of the Buddhistic heaven, with all its corresponding standard of life and its joys, an absolute certainty. thought, are things unknown to him. He has no wish beyond a single meal, and The difficulties of mission work among no desire above a bowl of wine. The Tibetan lamas are great and many. amcho is an indispensable adjunct in any Lamaism is a domestic religion. Every Tibetan home. He lights the fire; he home has its representative in the lamasweeps the floor; he' feeds the lamp. sery and every lamasery has its repre- When the "a-ya" goes out visiting, he sentative in the home. Should the lama follows her as a personal attendant. His embrace the Christian religion, he is ospeculiar care is the family gods, before tracised not only from his lamasery, whom morning and night he reads family but also from his home. Such an exprayers. He receives no pay, and only perience in a sparsely populated country eats what is set before him. like Tibet is almost inconceivable. To be a Christian and remain in a lamasery The last and perhaps most interesting is impossible. The Roman Catholic reof the Tachienlu lamastic population is ligion, after more than fifty years of a person who receives the appellation of arduou~ mission work on the Tibetan bor- "chang-cha-ba." This devotee to Lama- der, is unable to record the name of one ism performs his pilgrimage to Lhasa in lama converted to the Christian faith. a s'omewhat peculiar manner. He lies GOD CARES! DO WE?

"Forget not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is 1Iot a missionary Christian will be a missing Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service. Therefore ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of salvation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether he would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work. Or, if you can not go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is upon your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His precious blood. I warn you that it will go hard with you, when your Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarding up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly de- voted to giving the Gospel to the lost."-DR. A. J. GORDON.

DEI>ADTMENT ~r'~> '2ii-~-'-…. ~,,/ ":t.;.. cr~'" OF ,,'" I BEST METHODS I~ BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SOME WAYS OF INCREASING MISSIONARY GIFTS m'I T is' said that at the pres-. a dollar and in order to swell the sum ent time the one thing she went from door to door offering a that hinders the progress popcorn ball and a chance on the chicken of the Kingdom is the for a dime! She realized about $34 and lack of money. This may gave it with joy, little realizing that she be questioned, but it has had operated a lottery that made her liable to arrest. Her church applauded, always been easier to get men to go than and the one woman who protested was declared too strict and out of date. to raise money to s'end them. In recent years, due largely to the More to be deplored, however, than Every Member Canvass of the Layman's Missionary Movement which lays stress the lack of money is the fact that some on systematic and proportionate giving, the methods of raising money have been of it is raised by methods that dishonor lifted to a higher plane in many churches. But there is still room for improvement. God, and that in some instances at least, In every church there should be un- tiring effort to induce people to pay are in violation of the laws of men. It is their tithes and give free-will offerings as God has prospered them. Let the humiliating to find that in New York socials and suppers be for sociability and 110t to raise money for God. State the Civic League is being called Honoring God with Our Substance upon to stop petty gambling in the Does it glorify the Ruler of the Unichurches as a means of raising funds! verse to raise money for carrying on his work by means of bazaars and "Having had numerous complaints rummage sales?

from many sections of the State," says Let us bring the question home to our- selves. Your daughter is about to be The Reform Bulletin, "in regard to de- married and you have set your heart on giving her a silver tea set as a token of nominations of the Protestant faith con- your love. But you can not manage such a costly gift in addition to the other ducting lottery schemes and raffies and expenses of the wedding. Then the bril- liant idea of raising the money by a selling chances on various articles at rummage sale comes to you. You ran- sack your attic and telephone your fairs and carnivals to raise money for church and benevolent purposes, we have been obliged to take up these matters and have them supprest by law. Gambling is gambling no matter where we find it, The Law and Order Department of the New York Civic League will suppress it promptly in either Catholic or Protestant churches when notified in time."

Those who use such methods are probably ignorant of how serious the offense is. But they ought to know better. A few days ago we heard of a woman who decided to give a chicken as a tithe to the Lord. It was worth about

friends. They come nobly to the rescue 450: $1,708. 450: $92. with articles they don't want because they love you and they love the girl. Here was an average of 21 cents instead You engage a stand in a vacant store, of $3.S0 for each woman. hold a most successful sale and buy the present. Why should a group of women in one church give $1,708 to foreign missions Do you not think that every time she and a like group in similar circumstances pours tea from the pot, your daughter in a similar church give $92? will love to reflect on the number of her friends' old clothes that were sacri- Several answers might properly be ficed to buy it? given to this query.

You would not do such a thing? Then Perhaps the church of easy-going are you willing to put God and His work mi5'sionary manners may have had poor on a lower plane than your own loved training in past years and so lost-or ones?-(Condensed from an article by never found-the habit of treating mis- Mary Grattan Stephenson in The Mis- sions generously ! Very likely other insionary Survey.) terests, such as Home and City Mis- sions, called forth a more loyal re- AN ERRATIC PROPORTION sponse. I hope so.

MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. But the Up-and-Doing women looked President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Con· out for those interests too, having caught a vision of the Great Task in its round- gregational Church ness.

About three years ago I discovered in Leaders lacking enthusiasm? Dull the Up-and-Doing Church a pleasing programs at monthly meetings? It proportion between the women members might have been. and their gift to foreign missions, viz.: My own solution is this: Number of women, 450. Poor business methods had left the Annual gift to their Board, $1,70S. field largely uncultivated. Average gift from each woman, $3.S0. The financial success of a missionary Of course some members were unsym- organization is no sentimental problem pathetic or absent, and some non-mem- dependent upon some occult laws quite bers were sympathetic and generous, but different from those governing that dethiS" condition prevails everywhere. partment store or. banking house in t?e On the whole it seemed fair to use next block. It is a problem, on tts this proportion for purposes of compari- human s.ide, like theirs-a problem of son when, later on, I discovered the right approach to individuals that they Easy-Going Church. may be drawn into certain well-defined They were so suggestively alike, those relations with the object of their entertwo, in their attractive buildings, each prise. The same direct, sagacious, favorably located in a city; in their adaptable, persistent methods apply. membership, which included families of The easy-going treasurer who simply wealth and position; in their various waits to receive "dues" is' sadly out of activitieS". And, strange to say, their date. The exigences and possibilities of count of women members was practically the missionary opportunity to-day call identical! for a local treasurer who knows her Then I applied my little rule obtained Board and its needs; as well also her in the Up-and-Doing Church: own church field with its lights and shadows. 450 women: $1,708. 450 women: What! She joins efficiently with other officers in forming a definite policy for a thor- It did not fit. The proportion dwindled ough annual canvass of all the women erratically.

OF BEST METHODS

in the parish that they may be won to great deal was thrown in and with a cooperation. She studies to be tactful great deal of cheerfulness; they all re- and vivid, and chooses assistants who joiced. An invention to please people's will enter into the spirit of her task. humor may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom is herein profitable I have noted this year a swelling of to direct." the fourth figure in the proportion and I wonder-I wonder what has done it. There is, no doubt, some truth in Matthew Henry's contention. New Was it an up-and-doing business methods often bring success where old policy? Did they discover in the Easy- ones fail. Nevertheless we believe that Going Church that the Every Woman the chief reason why the plan succeeded Campaign is a wonderful regulator of was that the people were not taxed but erratic proportions? cast in their free-will offerings. This is a practical plan that works as well What kind of a giver would my church be, to-day as in the days of Joash. We If every member gave just like me? have tried it more than once and have seen others try it, always with success. JOASH CHESTS A Joash Box in a Sunday-school Class Have you every tried raising money by means of a "Joash Chest?" It is a In a certain church the Woman's Scriptural. method and rarely fails. Bible Class lost its teacher and a New- comer was prevailed upon to take his When Joash was king the Temple at place. The class grew and grew until it was the largest class in the school, and Jerusalem was in need of repairs and he when the cost of the new piano was ordered the priests to collect money from divided among the classes, its apporthe people and prosecute the work with- tionment was $20. out delay. But the money came in slowly and the repairs were not made. It seemed a large sum, but the class Then, at the king's command, "Jehoida agreed to pay it, and began discussing the priest took a chest, and bored a hole ways and means. Fairs, foO( sales, lecin the lid of it, and set it beside the tures, concerts, pay socials-aU were altar, on the right hand as one cometh suggested, for this church believed in into the house of the Lord" (2 Kings raising money in such ways. But the 12: 9). Newcomer did not and longed to lead them into better things. She suggested The new plan succeeded at once. a "Joash Box," but no one had ever These gifts were to be over and above heard of such a thing. She told the the regular offerings for the Temple story as given in 2 Kings, and at last service, yet the money poured in. There they consented to try it. But they eviwas soon enough and to spare. Not only dently did not expect it to succeed and was the temple repaired, its furnishings the officers of the school were dubious were replenished also. about it.

Matthew Henry suggests that the new The next Sunday a little box was plan succeeded because of its novelty. brought to the class with a slit in the lid and the members were invited to put "When Joash found that the money did into it from Sunday to Sunday what- ever they wished to give to the fund. not come in as he expected one way, he The Sunday following one of the memtried another," he says, "and that an- bers brought a beautiful Japanese trickswered the intention. The throwing of box and asked if it could be used inmoney into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money j a

stead of the plain little box. It had a needed, will be forthcoming when God slit in the top and no one could open it is depended upon to supply them. but her son-in-law. So the money was transferred to it and so much interest More than one mission board has filled was aroused that the Newcomer thanked its empty treasuries through prayer, but God and took courage. Every Sunday not all missionary workers realize that in the opening prayer she asked God to this is a method that works as well in send them the required sum, but no one small organizations as in large ones. If was' urged to give a penny. any society wants more money for mis- sions. they may have it for the asking. When at last the day came for pay- But they must meet the conditions and ing the assessments, the officers of the pay the price of prayer. school were invited to witness the opening of the box and count the money. Some years ago a Young People's The Young Man Who Knew How came, Missionary Society in Ohio undertook to too, and it was an exciting moment when assist one of their members to prepare he released a spring, pulled out a secret himself for medical missionary work. drawer and poured the contents into a The sum required was about $1,100, paybasket. There were s'everal doIlar bills, able during three years. coins of all denominations, and one tendollar gold piece. The whole amounted It was a large sum for them to raise to $33.34, $13.34 more than had been in addition to their regular contribution. asked for! The class could hardly be- But they were rich in faith and decided lieve it, and the officers were amazed, to raise it through prayer. A'little paper but the Newcomer simply said, HI told was issued monthly containing general you how it would be," and asked the missionary information and stating the superintendent to lead in a prayer of needs of the special fund with a list of thanksgiving. the subscriptions made during the month.

The gold piece was a great surprize. No appeals' for funds were made, nor Who could have given it? Popular were they needed. Whenever a payopinion gave the credit to the best-drest ment was due, if there was not enough woman in the class. But the Newcomer in the treasury to meet it, the little inner (tho n0 one else) knew that it came prayer circle of the society met with the from a modestly drest young woman president and asked God to supply it. who, like herself, did not believe in fairs Not once did He fail them. The amount and festivals, and gave so quietly that needed (and often more) always came no one guessed how much she was in in time, sometimes from the most unthe habit of giving. usual and unexpected sources. It was a great experience for the young people, ' There are always such surprizes in and their faith was greatly strengthened. store for those who trust God in raising money. He is "able to do exceeding SPELLING MISSIONS abundantly above all that we ask or think." What does m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spell in your church? RAISING MONEY THROUGH PRAYER In many a church it speIJs money, for The great enterprises that have been the people never hear anything about conducted entirely along faith lines, such the work save in connection with the as the China Inland Mission and the contribution-box. Muller Orphanages' at Bristol, England, show that the necessary funds for Chris- This is a serious mistake, The finantian work, even when vast sums are cial side should never be pushed until the foundations of a deep and abiding interest have been laid.

OF BEST METHODS

THE TALENT PLAN advanced, individually or jointly, by members who wish to render this ser- REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN. vice.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Why? Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church 1. It is a thoroughly scriptural plan. 2. It solicits no money, imposes no In 1913 the Southern Presbyterian extra canvass or subscription, and inter- Church paid off a large Foreign Mis- feres with no regular contributions. sion debt. One of the most effective 3. Instead of sol iciting, it offers a talmethods employed for this purpose, a ent for Christian service "to everyone" method approved by the Assembly's (Matt. 25 :15), enabling the poorest to Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- join in work for Christ on equal terms sions, and widely used throughout the with others. Church, was the Talent Plan. Scores of 4. It is an object-lesson in Christian societies, Sunday-schools and churches stewardship. It says: Just as this talent broke all their previous' contribution is not yours, but is entrusted to you to be records by the use of this plan. used for Christ; so nothing that you have is yours, all is entrusted to you by An ex-moderator of the Assembly and God to be used in His service. pastor of one of our largest city churches wrote: 5, It is pre-eminently suited to that largest class of every ordinary congre- "In the twenty-one years of my pres- gation, the men and women and 'young ent pastorate I have never advocated a people who have little or no ready plan which worked so smoothly and money, but some unemployed time and pleasantly, which brought forth as satis- energy. Furnishing them a little capital factory results, and which I can as con- to start with, it invites them to become fidently and heartily commend as I do successful workers and liberal givers'. the Talent Plan." 6. It is a wonderfully fruitful plan. A few quotations and answers will explain the plan to thOS"e not familiar with For Example it. In the case of the original Talent- users (lVIatt. 25: 14) the increase was Whence? From the illustrative teaching of our n 87 per cent., tho one of the three was a Lord Himself. "And He called ten servants of his, "wicked and slothful servant." and gave them ten pounds, and said unto In the case of the Pound-users (Luke them, Trade ye herewith till I Come." 19: 13), the increase was 500 per cent., Luke 19: 12 (R.V.) tho one of the three was an unprofit- able servant. What? The putting into practise of the Par- A pastor borrowed 50 silver dollars ables of the Talents and the Pounds from a bank. Fifty of his members took (Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-26) by dis- one each to invest and trade with for tributing sums of money among as many Christ. At the Report Meeting four as will accept them, to invest, trade with, months later $600 was brought in, out and increase, for Christ. of which the pastor paid back the loan Dollars are suggested as suitable tal- plus one dollar interest, leaving $549 ents for the congregation, quarters for net gain, an elevenfold increase. the Sunday-school, and dollars, halves, or quarters, as preferred, for the church- A Sunday-school superintendent ofsocieties. fered five-cent pieces (quarters would have been much better) to his pupils to How? increase for Christ. At the Round Up The talents for distribution may be Rally a few months later 116 pieces came borrowed from bank at regular interest by some responsible person, or may be

back with $109.37 in addition, an eigh- A Mission Farm given by a member teen fold increase. who had gone to the field.

A class of girls, starting with 25 cents A Missionary Ship to carry their mis- of talent money, in six weeks made sionaries to Africa. $13.00, a fifty-twofold increase. In Africa- A good lady invested her one dollar 40,000 acres of land entirely paid for. talent in calico, made aprons, and re- 8 Mission Stations equipped with turned her talent increased tenfold. workshops and dwelling houses. 100 of their members at work as mis- Another, seventy years old, invested sionaries or colonists. her dollar in bulbs, nursed them into 45 converts won from South African flowering plants, and returned her talent tribes. increased fifteenfold. These extensive operations had called for lots of money and neither pastor A youthful member invested his much nor people were rich in anything but smaller talent in a board of rich pine, faith. They gave without stint, some made it into bundles of fagots, rein- casting in literally all that they had. vested, "was diligent in business," and Yet they could not give more than a frac- returned his talent increased 260-fold. tion of the whole. But God, who was manifestly directing the enterprise, sent The field for consecrated enterprise it in answer to prayer. Pastor Harms and ingenuity is boundless. disliked beggars, religious and other- wise, and from the first determined that REFLEX BLESSING IN GIVING no one save God should be appealed to Nowhere in missionary history, per- for money; The needs of the enterprise haps, is the reflex influence of giving to were not even published, yet money mISSIOns so strongly shown as in the poured in from all parts of the world story of Pastor Harms of Hermanns- at the right time and in the right meas" burg.* ttre. In 1849, shortly after he succeeded The financial record of the mission has his father as pastor. at Hermannsburg, been called a "spiritual study in statis· about 50 miles from Hamburg, a great tics." The expenses varied from year revival broke out in the parish and as to year; so did the income in almost an outlet for the spirit of self-sacrifice exact proportion. In one year Africa and devotion that had been kindled, he needed 7,000 crowns, in another 21,000. urged his people to undertake a mission The ship cost 19,000 crowns in one year, to the heathen. So marvelously was the printing-house 3,600 in another. Yet this undertaking blest that eleven years each year closed with a balance. At no later this one congregation of German time was there a deficit. The following yeomen and peasants was able to report table shows, how closely the supply tallied the following items as the result of their with the need. activities: In the Homeland- Year Income E.<rpendlture Balance A Mission House occupied by 45 of crowns crowns crowns their members preparing for missionary work. 1854 15,000 14,950 50 A Refuge Farm for ex-convicts with 20 occupants. 1855 9,722 9,642"" 80 A Printing-house equipped with presses. 1856 14,978 14,878 100 A Miss·ionary Magazine that paid its own way. 1857 14,796 14,781 IS 'See "A Record of Fifty Years: The Story of 1858 31,133 30,993 140 Pastor Ha~s of Hermannsburg," THE M]SSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, July, 1899. 1859 33,065 30,432 .2,633 Many a church stands aloof from mis-

OF BEST METHODS

sionary work because of a mistaken idea sions been largely increased and great that giving to missions will empty the interest in missions been developed, but treasury. But in Hermannsburg it the local work of the church has reworked the other way. There was no ceived a great impetus. It all depends lack of money for local work and such on the way it is handled. a blessing was poured out that there was not, literally, enough room to re- Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. ceive it. The church was so crowded that strangers were obliged to go an Templeton, of Bloomington, III., secrehour before service if they wanted a tary of the Missionary Committee of the seat and during the 17 years of Loui& Illinois State Sunday-school Association, Harms' pastorate there a continuous re- we have received a little folder designed vival, with 10,000 conversions. And after by himself which seems almost ideal for his death the good work went on. At putting a church in touch with its special the jubilee in 1899 it was reported that field and securing gifts and prayers. Mr. the total contributions for the SO years Templeton's church, the Second Presbyamounted to $2,141,657.39. terian, gives on the station plan, i. e., it contributes $1,000 a year toward the THE KEY IN THE POCKET work in the Etah District, India, where the Presbyterian Board alone is at work. Ministers, laymen, yea, and women This amount is raised jointly by the too, often cry aloud in meetings for church, the woman's and young people's prayer, for God to open the windows of societies and the Sunday-school and it heaven and pour out His promised bles- was believed that much more could be sings until there will not be room done if the specific needs of the district enough to receive them. Yet all the were set definitely before the people. Ac- while they have in their pockets the cordingly, early in 1914, a list was pre- only key that can open the windows- pared with the assistance of Mr. and the tithe of their incomes-and they Mrs. A. G. McGaw, missionaries at Etah, refuse to use it. Read Malachi 3: 10. who were at home on furlough. -Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter.

SPECIFIC GIVING Then the little six-page folder was Paying the salary of a missionary or printed and widely distributed. It is a taking a share in a station has increased model of conciseness. Tho only 6 by the giving in many churches. But it 10 inches, it contains two mapsl a group is not a patent contrivance that runs it- picture of Mr. and Mrs. McGaw and self without effort. We know person- their children, the list of things needed ally of two churches, widely separated and much interesting information about as to locality where it has proved a the district and its missionary equiphindrance instead of a help. The spe- ment. The smaller map with its squares cific work undertaken was almost never and dots and circles is an inspiration in mentioned in the pulpit even in prayer itself. and no systematic effort was made to secure the necessary funds. Each year The two squares represent the Misthere was a deficit made up by the few who were interested. In both churches the plan w:s regarded as a dismal failure and it certainly seemed to be. But in countless churches all over the country it has worked the other way. Not only have the contributions for mis-

sion's Stations; the ten circles the vil- The list of needs is suited to all purses. lages where Indian preachers are lo- It ranges all the way from a girls' school cated; the six hundred dots the villages building at $1,000 and an automobile at in which there are Christians. In fifty $650 to 20 native drums for the n·ative of these there are Indian teachers but churches in only four. There are also teachers at 75 cents apiece. There are nine hundred villages not shown on the map which have neither churches, also things such as picture cards and preachers, teachers, nor Christians. remnants of bright cloth that cost noth- ing but the small amount of postage necessary to send them.

Your Monument-What Shall It Be?

A Lonely Shaft of Stone A Working, Growing, Soul-saving Proclaiming that or Institution You are DEAD MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN KOREA "To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to DIE." -Adapted from The Missionary Survey.

WHAT ONE DAY'S INCOME WILL DO $1 will support a hospital bed in China or India for a week. $2 will support a hospital bed in Alaska or Syria for a week. $3 will support two boys or girls for a week in a mission boarding-school. $10 will support a native worker for a month in the mission field. $25 will pay a month's salary of two ordained native pastors in China or Korea or India. $50 will pay for a Bible woman for a year or will support a mission launch for a month. $75 will pay the running expenses of a mission day-school for a year. $100 will support a missionary for a month or will pay for the training of a native Christian worker for a year. Can you do better with one day's income? BRITISH AND GERMAN MISSIONS printed in reference to German responsi- bility in the Armenian atrocities, their THE position of the MISSIONARY RE- conduct in Belgium and elsewhere. We VIEW OF THE WORLD in reference to the have also been called to account by Britpresent devastating world-war continues ish friends for articles on "The Sufferto be misunderstood by some of our read- ing of German Missions and Missioners-both British and German sympa- aries" in our January number. Most of thizers The REVIEW is an independent the facts in that article came Jrom a missionary magazine concerned wholly source which we have every reason to with the proclamation and interpretation. count as trustworthy. The writer did of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the not pretend to give a dispassionate and whole world. The editors may have their complete treatment of the charges made private opinions concerning political, so- against British and German forces in cial, and economic conditions and prob- the mission fields or to offer defense in lems, but it is not our purpose to ex- their behalf. He did undertake to show, press these opinions in the REVIEW, or to from statements that he considered invite others to express them, except so trustworthy, the suffering-the inevitable far as they vitally relate to the religious and unavoidable suffering-experienced and spiritual condition of the world and by German missionaries and missions in the progress of Christian missions. British territory. It is a natural result of such a war, but much of this suffering The REYIEW seeks to know and pub- should call forth sympathy and prayer lish facts and to interpret them in their from all Christian people. relation to Christianity. For this reason we think it right and helpful to publish Some of the statements made in Dr. facts relating to the present war, both as Hahn's article have been denied by the they are furnished by British and by British authorities in official correspon- German writers. This enables our read- dence. Other statements have been modiers to hear what each side believes to be fied or interpreted to exonerate the Britthe truth, altho, with the strict censor- ish commanders from accusations of unship enforced by British, German, and necessary harshness. The exact and full Turkish authorities, and the disagree- facts are exceedingly difficult to ascerment in reports, it is difficult at present tain and-during the rule of censorshipto know the truth and to interpret it. agreement as to statements may be im- Many charges have been made to us, possible. For example: The British auboth by friends of the A1!ies and of the thorities deny statements made by Pastor Central Powers, concerning atrocities, Y. Stark and Rev. A. Orthner concerncruelties, and illegal acts, but the REVIEW ing the treatment of German and Ameriis not the place to discuss them. It is, can missionaries in the Cameroons. The however, the place to consider the influ- Acting Governor of the Gold Coast anti ence of the war on Christian missions, the British Maj or-General C. M. Dobell both at home and abroad. both declare the charges of cruel treat- ment to be groundless and the statements Correspondents have recently made very strong objections to statements false or greatly exaggerated, and evi- are adepts in their art and depend on dence is submitted. Some of the hard- their personalities and eloquence rather ships experienced by Germans in Africa than on real facts to make the appeal. and India are declared to be due to their The result is that a native of India, warlike attitude and their complicity in or Persia, or ~ew Zealand or an indemilitary movements against the British. pendent and undependable worker in some mission field will collect thousands It is true that British missionaries have of dollars, while somewhat prosaic but endured much inconvenience and suffer- self-sacrificing and efficient missioning in German possession>, and that Ger- aries are turned away. mans have suffered in British territory. Often those innocent of hostile acts have A case in point has· recently come suffered because of the complicity of to our attention. A correspondent others. Such an experience seems to be wrote to the editor to inquire about a inevitable. At the same time, as stated in woman from India, by the name of our January number, British missionaries Mrs. Bannerjee, who was winning many have been most considerate of their Ger- influential friends by her fascinating man brethern and many have endeavored, personality and pathetic stories conoften at much personal sacrifice, to les- cerning her home for child-widows. sen the hardship due to internment and She was being introduced by some of deportation and the loss resulting to mis- the leading ladies of the land, and was sionary work. being entertained within their homes and churches. Noone seemed to think Let us be as charitable and patient as of investigating her, in spite of the possible, and pray God that His cause absence of credentials. We wrote to may soon triumph. May He make us the mission boards and societies withto recognize the truth and to manifest out definite result, but received from the Spirit of Christ. India letters from the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in Cal- I BEWARE OF IMPOSTORS cutta and from a leading barrister in T sometimes seems that it is easier the same city, stating that "Mrs. Ban- for an impostor to get money from nerjee's real name is Hemanto Ghose. American givers than it is to secure She is not a child-widow and many money for worthy objects. The cause of her stories are fables . . . she is is not far to seek. Many American thoroughly dishonest and more than givers are generous-hearted, and are that she is a practised thief … she strongly appealed to by pathetic tales of has no 'home' for widows or for any suffering or by stirring accounts of one. Mrs. B– left the Nazarene spiritual awakenings. These givers are Mission in April, 1914, after an inquiry exceedingly busy and have not the held by Rev. H. Reynolds, the secretary. time for personal investigations nor The charge against her was adultery the knowledge of reliable sources of . . . the charge was proved and she information. The impostors who stir left . . . Please make any use of this their interest are not limited to truth letter you like. I am not afraid of a in the pictures they draw and the suit for libel, as all this has been made stories they tell, therefore, they can public." draw on their imaginations to an unlimited extent in order to make the Haec tabula docet. desired impression. The story-tellers

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AflY S CHINA Kansu-stated in order of their need- are largely unoccupied, and offer exten- City Evangelization in China sive spheres for missions wishing to un- dertake work in a new field in China. THE Presbyterian Board is proposing Smaller unoccupied and unevangelized to put into effect a city evangeliza- areas are found in the southwest of Hupeh; in the northeast, northwest, and tion plan in the province of Shantung, southeast of Kiangsi; in portions of Anby which a well qualified Chinese with hwei; in the west of Honan; in northern Shensi; and among the tribes in the exa couple of suitable helpers is to be treme west and southwest of Szechwan.

placed in entire charge of the work in In the outlying territories: Mongolia is a difficult field. A few missionaries each city chosen. One of the native are working among the Chinese immi- grants, and two or three men are devotpastors comments as follows on the ad- ing themselves to the Mongols, but with the exception of the one representative vantages of the plan: • of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the entire region of Outer Mongolia and "Since the evangelist goes around the the greater part of Inner Mongolia are without missionaries. country having no fixt station, he can Chinese Turkestan also presents exnot live together with the people, and can ceptional difficulties, and demands on the part of workers-special physique and not 'shine' before them. By and by the ltnguistic gifts. The territory is vast and the popUlation sparse. Only three cenordinary people come to think that Chris- ters are occupied, and two of these are in the extreme west. The province of tianity is a special occupation. Since Sinkiang has only one missionary. Five or six missions have for years been they have grown up as farmers or car- working both on the Indian and on the Chinese frontiers, waiting for the openpenters, they are ,not willing to change ing of Tibet.

and become Christians. When a well- M The New Peking educated man sees· an evangelist he feels ANY formS' of civic betterment have toward him much the same as he would been promoted in Peking within the toward a Buddhist priest. The best way past few years. A decade ago there were of preaching that can be used at present, not more than two miles of macadamized is to have a fixt station in a city or big road in all the city. To-day there are town, in which the evangelist lives with a great many miles of macadam streets the people for several years, helping the both broad and narrow. Then the ironpeople in the country around, with every tire9 'ricksha was the chief means of possible means such as teaching the common people, curing the sick, and helping them in other ways."

Unoc:c:upied Territory in China IN the absence of a scientific survey of the whole of China, it is not pos- sible to give exact information as to the occupation of the entire field. While coast cities and districts easily accessible by river or rail, are for the most part occupied, the same can not be said of the less accessible regions. The provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, and

conveyance. The old-time Peking cart Blessing of Unbound Feet shook the rider almost out of his senses. Now the rubber-tired 'ricksha and the A GIRL in a mission school in China automobile are everywhere used. Rail- when she came in the fall, made the ways have been crowding into the city journey of 60 English miles on foot these past ten years. rather than let her father, who is poor, hire a wheelbarrow for her. She told In addition to all this, the gospel of her father that owing to God's goodness cleanliness' is being practised to a most her feet had never been bound, and con-, gratifying degree. A decade ago the sequently she was quite able to walk.- capital was almost too filthy to be Missions. described. Faithful Christians in Hain~;;' ~~ Recently the government has opened a new isolation hospital with five public TWO years ago in a village in Haiand several private wards. This makes nan there was not a Christian; now it possible to care for five different con- everyone in the village is a believer in tagious diseases at a time. Christ. They built their church with their own hands out of the material A Chinese Chriatian Diplomat found on the mountain side. The sides of the chapel are made of bamboo poles ANOTHER of the Chinese men in dip- covered with red clay. The roof is made lomatic service who are earnest Chris- of bamboo poles covered with fan palms. tians, is the First Secretary of the Chin- The inside walls are covered with Bible ese Legation in London, Mr. Y. S. Tsao. pictures and Scripture texts. The chapel In speaking at the annual meeting of the is filled every night with faithful follow- British and Foreign Bible Society, he ers of Christ. It is not an easy thing said: "I read the Bible for the first time to be a worshiper of the True God in at my mother's knee. Then twenty-two Hainan, for the Christians are scolded times at St. John's College, Shanghai, and reviled by their relatives and fellowand later in America with the Chinese villagers; all sorts of fiLthy abuse is heapstudents there."- Record of Christian ed upon them, they are frequently robbed Work. of their crops and often threatened with being driven out of the village. The Shanghai Press and the War In one of the schools is a Christian THE Shanghai Mission Press reports woman, who has been brutally treated by that its output of literature for the her husband. She has a little boy six year has fallen off considerably, due to years of age, who at Chinese New Year, the war, which has raised the price of when his father forced him to his knees paper. Supplies from Scandinavia were to worship the ancestors, refused, whereheld up for many months,' while other upon his father struck him in the face paper ordered more than a year before making it black and blue. did not get through at all. The mission press has felt its greatest loss in Scrip- Much prayer has been offered for the ture printing, issuing only 11,706,000 persecuted Christians, and thus far all pages, as against 54,530,000 of the pre- have stood firm. ceding year. Among Chinese Moslems Work comes to the Shanghai Press from Chile to Siam, varying from new 'THE death of William W. Borden, characters for an aboriginal tribe to complicated medical and educational called the attention of the Christians books which require the judgment of an of America to the need of the Mohamexperienced foreigner. medan popUlation of China, for whom little has been done. Mr. F. H. Rhodes, of Chefoo, now reports in China's Mil-

16 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY 'NEWS

liolls certain signs of progress among Japan was the second or third country these people. to inaugurate a regular student Chris- "Requests from individual Moslems, tian conference, but has not had a per- asking for Christian literature, have manent meeting place. Now, however, come to hand from six provinces. The every traveler who rides in the express writers are personally unknown, their from Tokyo to Kyoto will notice, a mile correspondence is of recent date, and and a half from Gotemba station, two their appeal is heart-searching. structures which will become "the Japa- "Chinese converts from Islam are wit- nese Northfield." The buildings are lo- nessing to Christ among their own peo- cated on three acres of land near a pond ple. We know of at least six such na- 1,600 feet above the sea in one of the tive workers. One of these men-whose most accessible yet picturesque spots in ancestry for several generations were the Empire. The total outlay to date is well-known Mohammedans-himself at 12,400 Yen ($6,200) of which the citi- one time a student for the position of zens of Califo.rnia have given over one- mullah, spent some time last summer third. Conference buildings were used in visiting neighboring Mohammedan for the first time last summer and one centers and gaining access to several of the striking features of the assembly mosques. The Christian books and tracts was the attendance of seven delegates he carried with him were gladly received, from Korea, their first participation and the assembled mullahs and students since the Korean Movement became af- heard the word of Christ. filiated with the National Movement of "The Chinese ChU1:ch needs a baptism Japan.-The Student World.

of love to prepare it for the great work Phenomenal Christian Growth waiting among the Mohammedans." TRE average percentage of growth JAPAN-KOREA of membership in Korean Christian A Imperial Honors for Christians churches has been 38 per cent. for each T the recent Coronation of the Em- of the past thirteen years. In America peror of Japan, among other honors the growth has been less than 5 per conferred, decorations were given to cent. The reason is not far to find.

several prominent Christians, whose To the Korean the Gospel of Good work was so conspicuously of a religious News means everything. It has broken and Christian character that the honors the bondage of superstition, custom are, in effect, a recognition of its value. and tradition, and has brought him into Among these were the Rev. Dr. Motoda, a place where his outlook upon the headmaster of St. Paul's College, Tokyo, future is made glad and bright. In view and Miss Ume Tsuda, a devoted Chris- of this new joy there has grown up in tian who ,conducts a fine school for his heart a compelling impulse to tell girls which has a strong influence in others of it, and through personal work aiding the Christianizing of Japan. new Christians are born into the king- This is the first instance in the history dom of God.

of the Empire where such recognition DR. Education in Chosen has been given from the throne. JOKICRI T AKAMINE, direc- tor of a Japanese publicity bureau . The Japanese Northfield HEREAFTER, Mount Fuji, the in New York, explains that Japan's de- Shinto goddess, will look down up- termination to suppress religious schools on something' new and strange'-the in Korea is simply part of a plan to "co- buildings' for a Christian conference ordinate the school system of Chosen nestling in the hills at her very base. with the prevailing system in Japan

proper. Carl Crow, a journalist who Jiever was heard to say to another: "I has traveled in the Orient, publishes a re- bought one of those Gospels and read joinder to show that in "Japan proper" it and I tell you that man Jesus was a the public school system leaves undis- rare gentleman."

turbed room for mission schools teach- One of the theological students, when ing Christianity. If the Chosen system asked how he came to believe, replied: were developed on a corresponding "I was a drunken goldminer in a marketbasis, there would be no need to inter- place 30 miles from here and saw a man fere with missionary education there. distributing leaflets. I was ashamed to Mr. Crow says: "The Japanese have not go up and ask for one, so I slipt in yet established in Korea a school for behind the crowd, stuck my hand out Koreans which is equal to a good high under another man's arm and took one.

school in America. There are many It was on Judgment in this Life and to of these schools maintained by American Come.

missions, and they see each year an in- "When I reached home I read it to crease in attendance." . my wife and she said: 'That's good, read A Convention for the BUnd and Deaf it again.' At the bottom of the leaflet it said: 'If you want to know more I N Pyeng Yang, a few months ago, about this go to Chung J u, see the mis- there was held the first meeting .in the sionaries and buy some books.' I came Orient in the interest of education for here, bought tracts, took them home, the blind and deaf of the Far East. studied, thought and repented till I saw Delegates were present from China, the light and found peace." Japan, Manchuria, and different parts of Korea. Special tributes were paid Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison by the Japanese officials to the work for the blind which Dr. Sherwood Hall, A SERMON by D. L. Moody transthe American woman physician, has car- lated into Chinese characters, ried on in Pyeng Yang since 1894. Mr. brought light to a Korean official in Yamagata, editor of the Seoul Press, in- prison. Dr. James S. Gale writes: "My terpreted the significance of the gather- friend Kim, who waS" chief of police ing in the following words: in Seoul, came to call, and I lent him a New Testament, which he returned in "When nations are at war with each a few days, saying, 'It's good. Walking other in civilized Europe, is it not provi- on the water and such like I don't bedential that this convention, with phil- lieve in, but the moral tone of it is anthropic purposes, should have been, certainly good.' This was in 1899. as it was, convened in this far-off corner Later I heard that he had fallen under of the world? It seems that the angel suspicion as a reformer, been arrested of love and civilization has bidden good- and locked up in prison. by to Europe for a while, and come to Chosen (Korea) to bless the blind and "In 1903 there came to me from Kim the deaf of the Far East I" a little closely packed Korean letter, hardly bigger than a thimble, which S Fruits of Colportage Work said 'I have found what you told me IX colporteurs at work in the Chung of years ago, thank God.' Later, at J u district, Korea, are selling Gos- the opening of the Japan-Russia War pels at the tate of 1,200 a month, and Kim's prison opened and he and his with the aid of other Christians, are dis- comrades were free. He told me of tributing tens of thousands of leaflets his experience. 'In my agony, not every year. Many incidents prove the knowing what day my turn would be to value of this seed-sowing. One unbe- be beheaded, I read the New Testament

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

through four times, but found 110 relief. compound in Bombay and which the Finally, one night, as I was reading a Diocesan Association has generously sermon by Mr. Moody, printed in assisted with funds. The Bishop says: Chinese, a great light and joy broke in "Since November, 1913, 25 persons upon me. My heart sang while my (23 high-caste Hindus and two Mohameyes overflowed with tears. God had medans) inmates of the home, have forgiven and accepted me, and my soul been baptized. There have been some had found rest.''' mistakes and (at least temporary) fail- ures. Ten of the baptized were Brah- INDIA mans, and all those have remained firm. Four of them insist on becoming Influence of Outcaste Christiana evangelists to their own countrymen. Some of the converts are old pupils of THAT Christianity has been accepted the Robert Money school, the great by the Indian outcastes in such large high-school for boys in Bombay." numbers has seemed to some a serious obstacle to its spread among the upper D German Missionaries in India castes, who have sometimes referred to R. WARDLAW THOMPSON, it scornfully as "the sweepers' reli- Secretary of the London Mis'siongion." On the other hand the trans- ary Society, clearly shows that many forming power of the Gospel in the German missionaries under British rule lives of these degraded people has in India are living in strict loyalty to proved a striking argument which the British Government, and are enthoughtful Indians have not been able couraging their people to do likewise. to resist. Rev. A. W. Moore reports "Such intelligence," says the London an instance of this: Christian, "may well serve to soften the asperity of many people toward "A young man of the KoIi caste their fellow-workers for God. In time walked miles to the missionary to ask of war the tendency is to be unjust tofor baptism. He was put through a ward the enemy, and to blacken all rigorous questioning as to his motives, without discrimination. Such a policy and he seemed to have no improper is very small, and it tends to defeat ones. 'Where did you hear of Christ?' itself. The German missionaries have he was asked. 'From the bhangis accomplished great things, and when (sweepers) of my village,' was the the war is over they will again do simple answer. He was baptized. great good. The work of healing the awful wounds made by the war will "We believe that the quickest way to fall largely to the Christian Church. evangelize the whole of India is to It is necessary, therefore, that even concentrate our efforts upon these now the preparation should begin, and people given to God, who have taken it will be best begun by the encouragethe name of Christ. Through them it ment of the spirit of Christian love. will spread in a natural way to others. There will be plenty of folk, both in It is the genius of Christianity to work England and Germany, who will seek its way from the bottom upward. Pray to nourish the spirit of revenge and much that thes'e people may make rapid bitterness. The Christian people, howprogress in the knowledge of God, and ever, must show a more excellent way; in the obeying of His will." and they can begin by cherishing kind feelings toward their brethren iu I What a Converts' Home Did Christ, many of whom, no more than N a letter dated June 5th to the mem- themselves, desired this awful struggle." bers of the Bombay Diocesan Association, the Bishop of Bombay refers to the Converts' Home which Canon Joshi has established in his house and

S.P.G. Appeals for German Missions gation, and prayer by the church was 'ONE of the most striking illustra- offered for all who were thus giving tions of Christian brotherhood the Sabbath to work. Later in the brought 01,1t by the present war has afternoon the women of the church met been the offer of the British Bishop of in prayer, and in the evening the men Chota Nagpur to do his utmost to held by themselves their prayer meet- carryon the work of the Lutheran ing. Dr. Dunlay has a unique training missionaries, who, by government order class for Christian workers. Some six in August last, were interned or de- men meet with him very early in the ported for the remainder of the war. morning and study the Scriptures two Bishop Montgomery has now appealed or three hours. They are then sent through the Church papers for eight directly with the message they have clergy to go out immediately, his so- learned out to the different houses and ciety, the Society for the Propagation of districts, wherever they have an en- the Gospel, generously offering to pay all trance."-The Continent.

expenses. The need, as he says, is one DR. Hospital Patients Baptized of extreme urgency, but is thought MASON, of Siam, tells of an likely to be only for the duration of the interesting service in the Chieng war. Any who have a knowledge of Mai Hospital, when 13 out of 33 pa- Hindi would, of course, be doubly wel- tients were baptized and received into come. A Mission Field editorial note the church. They received instructions points out that the missionaries to be daily from the evangelist employed at sent by the Society for the Propagation the hospital. A paralyzed patient who of the Gospel will be entirely under the has been a Christian for many years, control of the bishop of the diocese, has also led many to Christ and teaches who will be responsible for the atti- the patients to read, write, sing, and tude and policy which they will adopt pray. He has been unable to rise from toward the Indian Christians belonging his bed for 18 months. But his good to the German missions. work goes on just the same. At this SIAM AND THE LAOS service 63 persons were present, some A Christian Sabbath in Siam carried on stretchers, some limping in, and one on all fours. MISS EDNA COLE, of Bangkok, MOSLEMS IN ASIA gives the following account of the activities of one Sunday in Tap Teang Under Arrest in Turkish Arabia station, Siam: "Sunday we spent nearly ON the declaration of war, Dr. F.

three hours in a little palm-leaf church, Johnson, Church Missionary So- with its earthen floor and uncomfort- ciety missionary at Baghdad, was im- able benches, listening to one quarter's prisoned in a Turkish jail, and sub- review of the Sunday-school lessons sequently he and Mrs. Johnson, another conducted by men who had not been lady missionary, and two Indians, Brit- Christians many years. The whole ish subjects, were conveyed out of the church there is the Sunday-school. country as prisoners'. After numerous Everyone takes part, asks and answers adventures, both painful and humorous, questions. I have never been in a the party reached Beirut, whence Dr.

more satisfactory Sunday-school in any Johnson writes: "For six hours I was part of the world. Several members kept in the police-station in Beirut, but of the church were away in different finally, through the intervention of the neighborhoods holding Christian serv- American Consul-General, I was per- ices wherever they could get a congre- mitted to go to the hotel, and we finally

WORtD-W!DE MISSIONARY

embarked on an Italian steamer for sian schools. Threats had been made Alexandria. With few exceptions, the that an old statute, practically obsolete, treatment we received at the hands of would be enforced against the schools' the Turkish officials during our journey rule of compulsory attendance at was not discreditable to them, con- chapel and Bible study, and further sidering the times through which the threats were made that the government Empire is passing." might compel all teaching to be con- ducted in the Turkish tongue. These With the Troops in Mesopotami~ two restrictions, the missionaries re[ll- ized, would practically stop the work at REV. LEONARD A. DIXON, a Beirut. Through Mr. Morgenthau's in- Canadian, who has for several years fluence, the Turkish government per- mitted American schools to open under been connected with the Y. M. C. A. in certain conditions. In spite of these con- cessions, however, further difficulties India, is now engaged in work for the are feared. Whether or not newer and more strenuous demands may be made by British troops in Mesopotamia. He Turkey at any moment can not now be forecasted. The Presbyterian Board writes: "The terrific heat, the desert feels that if it can hold its mission prop- erty in Syria and elsewhere throughout marches, the swamp fighting, and the the Turkish empire, in spite of govern- mental aggressions, it will be doing difficulties of transport, which make well.

short rations occasionally unavoidable, Turkish Educational Laws Modified have been some of the obstacles with THE new Turkish educational laws which were issued when the Capituwhich the men in France have not had lations were abrogated have been re- cognized as likely to prove a very to contend, but which have been only serious hindrance to the work which mISSIOnaries are carrying on in the too real here. Furthermore, these hard- Turkish Empire. This is particularly true of those which have to do with ships have not been offset by the social the compulsory teaching of the Turk- ish language and the teaching of reagencies at work at the bases as in ligion. In an effort to secure some modification of these restrictions, repre- France. ' sentatives of missionary work have been to Constantinople and have been "'Y. M. C. A.' has proved to be a granted a hearing by the Turkish gov- ernment through the kindly offices of magic password among, them all. Ac- the American Ambassador. At this conference there were representatives commodation, equipment, transportation, of the Beirut Protestant College, the Presbyterian Mission work, Robert Colin fact, nearly everything that we have lege, the American Girls' College, the American Bible Society, and the Amrequired, has been granted to us. The erican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a result a temmen have also been equally enthusiastic.

The greatest results of our work have been obtained through personal inter- views. The weekly Bible classes', the Sunday evening "Hymn-Sings," the services in the hospital wards, and the distribution of khaki Testaments have opened the way for numerous personal conversations, in which the men have shown an eagerness to speak of the reality of Christ and His power."- Canadian Churchman.

Syrian Mission Property Safe SOME time ago Ambassador Morgen- thau sent for President Howard S.

Bliss and Dr. Frank E. Hoskins of Beirut to come to Constantinople to consult over the intimations of the Turkish government in r~gard to mis-

THE porary arrangement was agreed to Threats Against Robert College touching these laws. The points com- OUTLOOK contains a very'

promised are as follows: illuminating interview with an un- 1. The government demands the re- named authority, called "The Man ligious exercises and instruction shall from Constantinople," in which it was be optional for non-Christians, but may stated that the Turks had threatened be obligatory for Christians. to take Robert College and the beau- 2. That Turkish shall be taught to tiful new Constantinople College for Ottomans in the first year only. Women, both of which properties were 3:o That while the new laws touching built by American philanthropy and the discussion and abrogating of pre- are owned in New York. In the crisis vious agreements and firmans stand, Ambassador Morgenthau quietly moved the work shall go on, the United States . his own summer home to the College Ambassador protesting. for Women and flew the Embassy flag These concessions will enable the above it, thus insuring the safety of mission work to be continued and will one set of buildings. Then he ar– enable the missionaries to deal with ranged that, if Robert College could local officials under authorization of not be saved otherwise, it should be the highest courts in Constantinople used by the American Red Cross, with which will save them from many an- American missionary doctors in charge.

noying delays and obstacles. The "Man from Constantinople" said that he believed that many more than Conditions in Palestine half a million Armenians had been THE Christian pilgrimages to the killed, outside of the army, and that sacred sites in the Holy Land have Talaat Bey boasts of it even to the American Ambassador,- He cynically ceased, and Jerusalem and all the other and shamelessly declares that he means communities' in Palestine which depend to get rid of the Armenian question by so largely upon this traffic for their in- getting rid of the Armenians. Nothing come have been hard hit. What with less than the extermination of the race the presence of the locusts and the ab- is his obj ect; and he and Enver Pasha sence of the travelers, plus war times, have been heard to say that they will the Holy Land has had a taste of real do the same to the Jews and the Ottofamine. The monks and priests in man Greens, and then, as a grand charge of the Christian shrines, such finale, to the Germans! as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Garden of Gethsemane, the Church EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES of the Nativity at Bethlehem, etc., have mostly been French and Italian Roman African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu Catholics or members of the Russian Statement Church. These, together with the THE Bishops of Mombasa and teachers of the Franciscan and Jesuit Uganda have announced their de- and Dominican schools, have all been cision to cooperate with non-conform- driven from the Empire, and warned ists within the limits defined in the that they are not to be allowed to re- statement of the Archbishop of Canter- turn, even after the war. While the bury. The announcement was elicited religieuse have been merely deported, by a circular letter signed by the six other civilians of enemy nations have clergymen who convened the meeting been interned, first at Damascus, and reported in the October REVIEW. It will _then later at Urfa, in upper Mesopo- be remembered that those present tamia.-The Outlook. pledged themselves, before renewing

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

their SUbscriptions to foreign missions puts it, nothing but a miracle of grace or making further collections on their could have saved the mission from seribehalf, to obtain in every case an as- ous divisions. The China Inland Mission surance that the practises of admitting is not only an interdenominational, but members of non-Episcopalian churches an international organization, enrolling to Holy Communion or to preach in workers from 22 different countries. the pUlpits of the Church will not be The love of God, which alone has been permitted within the sphere of the able to draw workers from so many Mission to be supported. The Bishop lands, to labor together unde! one of Mombasa's reply is addrest to Pre- banner, has not failed even in these bendary Boyd, Vicar of St. Paul's, most difficult days to keep those work- Knightsbridge, who in his recent pamph- ers united in the spiritual service of let, "Facing Kikuyu," commits himself evangelizing China. to the statement that the most ignorant lay reader preaching that which is un- The missionaries from Continental true is to be preferred in church pul- countries are supported by funds raised pits to the most cultivated Nonconform- in their own lands, so that the finanist minister preaching what is true! cial question does not arise in the re- Bishop Peel concludes: "I can well iationships of the mission. Prayer is understand 'the feeling of unrest and asked that love may prevail, for there anxiety among churchmen in England are not a few Chinese converts who who are trying in ten thousand ways are closely watching to see if the spirit to nullify the Reformation, and to ar- of Christ is sufficient to conquer the rive at the condition of things in war spirit in those who profess to be 'Church' affairs which obtained in Eng- followers of the Prince of Peace. land before the Reformation, barring the supremacy of the Pope."-C.M.S. THE CONTINENT Review. The Y. M. C. A. in France The C.I. M. in War Time MR. OLIVER H. McCOWEN, the T HE effect of the war upon the Indian National Council Secretary work of the China Inland Mis- for Burma, is in charge of the great sion has been of a somewhat unique work of the English Y. M. C. A.'s with nature. With many societies the actual the British Expeditionary Force in the fields of missionary operation have been north of France. directly affected, with the result that in some cases local effort has had to be He has contributed to The Young suspended through the withdrawal of Men of India a racy account of his workers or their internment, but the work, from which we quote the follow- China Inland Mission has had the great ing items: advantage of laboring in a neutral sphere. This is a subject for which Every branch of the service is being the mission is particularly grateful. looked after: the fighting men-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-the Army Ser- But, while the field of operations has vice Corps, who have done such splenbeen neutral, the work at the home did work in this war, the Army Ordbases and in the personnel of the work- nance Corps, the bakers, who send 500,- ers has been most intimately involved. 000 loaves to the front daily, the la- In this respect the problems and diffi- borers and the mechanical transportculties have been of a peculiarly search- all these look on the Y. M. C. A. as ing nature, and as Secretary Broomhall their own.

In the hospital camps in the large Y. M. C. A. marquee, comfortably

boarded, bedecked with flags, and set well as Protestant England is a great out with comfortable deck chairs, the Mohammedan power. men are being helped to forget the horrors and pain of the past, and are The attendents upon the new building resources of strength and mosque will be chiefly Tartars, of nerve for a further part in our great whom 15,000,000 are living under the task. Russian double eagle. The govern- ment of Kasan and the Crimea are the The Distress in Serbia great centers of this population. These Moslems are, undoubtedly, a higher type T HE Bible Lands Missions' Aid So~ than their co-religionists of Turkey. ciety is continuing its work of re- They are cleanly" abstinent from both tobacco and alcohol, intelligent, and lief of the sufferers in Serbia, and in- extremely energetic as traders and crea;;ing demands are being made upon merchants.-Record of Christian Work. it. NORTH AMERICA The main relief work is being done from the headquarters of the Society The Y. W. C. A. Jubilee at Monastir, the center of a vilayat bearing the same name, which con- THE Young Women's Christian Assists of 300 to 400 towns and villages. No other relief fund is at work in the . sociations of the United States are whole of this iarge area. planning to celebrate in the month of February, 1916, the fiftieth anniversary The chief sufferers are refugees of the opening in Boston of the first from villages destroyed in 1912, when city association. Plans adapted to city, cattle, grain, argricultural implements, student, and country organizations have and all household effects were looted. been developed, and the jubilee will be not only an opportunity for a review In Monastir alone there are some of the achievements of the past, but a 8,000 destitute persons, including refu- time to make larger plans for the gees from more than thirty villages. future. The one city association of Many of them are suffering from ill- 1866 has grown to 245, with a memness caused by two and a half years bership of 273,234, and there are also of semi-starvation, while large num- 721 student associations. The extenbers are in a state of extreme debility, sion of the Association movement to which, failing relief, can only end in the Orient has been one of the most a lingering death. There are whole striking developments of the period. streets of families in this condition. Japan now has 20 associations, with six American secretaries, and 18 secretaries Mohammedanism in Petrograd are at work in five cities in China.

THERE is a mosque under construc- Plans of the Commission on Missions tion in Petrograd, not far from the By the constitution of the National Troitsky (Trinity) Bridge over the Council the Congregational Commis- Neva. It is a massive granite building, sion on Missions has a continuous existrelieved by a dome of cerulean tiles and ence, half its members going out of a blue-tiled entrance porch. There are office each two years The Commission, three minarets from whence the ears of which President King of Oberlin is of the "Orthodox" will in days to chairman, will begin the work of the come be jarred by the call to Moslem coming biennium on the basis of previous prayer. The whole building recalls experience of members who hold over, Samarcand. The building was partly reenforced by those recently elected. given by the Emir of Bokhara which recalls the fact that Holy Russia as

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Among the subjects to which the Com- 'Strength to Congregational churches mission is expected to devote its at- and to enable the members of the tention are the following: preliminary organization to make themselves more plans for the Tercentenary Fund, which adequate to the demands of the modern is to be raised in 1920, a study of the church. field work of the various missionary societies and the relation of field and At the first meeting, which was held state organizations; a consideration of in Center Church, New Haven, in Nothe problem of the various missionary vember, the following problems were magazines published by the denomina- presented as lying within the scope tion and the development of the Appor- of the organization: tionment Plan. Sub-committees will make careful study of different topics The training of adequate leadership and by meeting perhaps three times for the Church; the development of the during the biennium the Commission Church as the Father's House, the as a whole can work over the reports social center of the community; the submitted, and having reached a judg- reaching out into the community along ment on major matters will confide many lines of social service; the fine them again to the care of smaller com- art of guiding the unfolding life of mittees for execution. childhood and youth.

The Ministry in America The executive committee will plan definitely to present the challenge of HILE much has been written and this new vocation to the young women W spoken about the decrease of stu- in the colleges. dents for the ministry, Mr. Talcott Williams, of Columbia University, has been A Chair in Christianity investigating the facts. with surprizing results. He declares that, from 1880 to WHILE giving large attention to 1910 the number of ministers has Comparative Religion, the great grown faster than the number of lawyers or physicians. In this thirty years, seats of learning have in many cases the United States census' heing witness, passed by Christianity as a substantive the number of ministers had increased study. So much has this been the case from 64,698 to 132,988, or had more in America, that the president of a than doubled. Further, the llumber of great university in the Middle States theological students in the United recently declared that a student might States has doubled in thirty-three years. graduate from many of the institutionS' There were 5,242 in 1880 a"d 10,965 in of learning in the land and yet be as 1913; while in Germa'l' t',~ ,logical ,tu- ignorant of Christianity as if he had dents have fallen off one-half in this been educated in a pagan country. At generation, and in Ewdand the number length, there are indications of a turnhas remained the same. in'S of the tide, for a worthy example has been set by a small institution, Church Assistants Organize Furman University, South Carolina, the trustees and faculty of which have set A NEW field for women who wish to up a Chair of' Christianity. Holding devote themselves to Christian work that Christianity is the salt of civilis offered by the Congregational Lea::iue ization, and can no more be excluded of Church Assistants. The salaried than can mathematics. It says to prewomen workers in the Congregational sumptive students: "If you object to a churches have banded together in an course in Christianity, go elsewhere. organization whose purpose is to add For our part, we are unwilling to give our degrees to students who have not had special instruction in the origin,

the documents, and the history of the the coast in the autumn, when they Christian religion." were to return south.

Presbyterian Women Leaders Confer At first the intention was, it seems, that these German members of the mis- ANOTABLE gathering was held in sionary staff on the coast should be in- Chicago, from November 10th to terned; however, that was altered, and 18th, by representatives of the Presby- they have now been aJlowed to resume terian Woman's Boards of Home and their work on parole. They went north Foreign Mi.;sicns, the Woman's Depart- on board the Harmony. ment of the Freedmen's Board and delegates from the Synodical Societies, who An Experience of Wu Ting Fan. assembled to consider matters of common interest at the home base. THE Rev. Huie Kin, a Chinese Christian pastor in New York, was A call to the conference stated its ob- reading a daily paper. Seeing that a distinguished countryman of his was to i ect in the following words: be in New York over Sunday he tele- phoned him at his hotel inviting him "The tendency toward joint synodical to attend the Sunday service at his presbyterian and local organizations has church. brought to the attention of the Woman's Boards of Foreign and Home Missions The invitation was promptly accepted. the need of such oneness of method as After the service was over the guest shall simplify the work all along the line. s'aid to the pastor: The insistent derr:ands of the mission cause have indicated the need of a cJear- "When I was a boy in China I was cut, definite administrative policy." acquainted with some Christian people and I thought highly of Christianity. The conference had no power of de- I had never identified myself with it, cision on any matter, but agreed upon but, when I was appointed to America many recommendations to be considered, I decided I wanted to throw in my lot and, if possible, ratified by the various with Christian people there, and made Boards represented. up my mind that I would accept the first invitation which was given me to Labrador Missionaries on Parole attend a Christian service."

ACTING under instruction from the There was a pause which was scarce- Dominion Government, Captain ly perceptible, then he continued: Jackson of the Labrador coast brought with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, "This is the first invitation I have on his first trip southward in the sum- had !" mer, all the male Gentians connected with the Moravian Mission in Labrador. The man who spoke was Wu Ting Fang. As a result of an interview which the captain thereupon had with the This was not his first but his last Minister of Ju.stice at St. John's, and Sunday in America. Before another of the previous intervention of His Sunday had dawned this man, who had Excellency the Governor and of the been Minister from China to Christian mission agent in that city, the mis- America, was on his way home. sionaries and storekeepers who had been brought down werr~ all allowed Who can say what would have been to return' to their posts, hut they were the results if the invitation to go to a accompanied by three or four police- Christian service had been given him men. These had instructions to stay at on his first instead of his last Sunday the stations until the last ship visited in America?-Woman's Work.

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LATIN AMERICA ces Town: "I was glad to find that Mr. Paul Bhaktawar Das, the catechist, The Church of Rome at Its Worst had done his best to keep up the Hindi service. T HE Bishop of Argentina, Dr. Every, in an article to which The "A meeting of our catechists was held East and the West, of July, accorded and the rector, at my request, attended the premier place, says some very pun- and presided. Several important matgent things of the Roman Catholic ters were discust, including extension Church in South America, where he of work, training of East Indian teachsays that Church is admittedly at its ers and mission workers for the future, worst. "There is', unfortunately, no traveling expenses of catechists, etc. question as to the debased moral at- The rector told us that there were mosphere of Latin American lands, and about 200 Indian children in four of it is impossible not to hold the Church the schools in the parish, but nothing largely responsible. Then~ is no Chris- was being done for them in their own tian, nor partially Christian, public language. Some of them attend the OpllllOn. Integrity and clean living religious instruction in English, sit for are not expected. Honor and truth the religious examination, and do well. are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance toward every- "The distinguishing feature of the thing, including vice. . . . . Among meeting was the spontaneous request of the mass of the educated men faith is the catechists for regular and systemdead. Religion is a matter of custom, atic instruction in Hindi for themnot conviction. The tone of the univer- selves." sities, which, of course, includes all the leading and professional men of the Bible Colportage on the Amazon future, is frankly unchristian. It causes astonishment if any educated man is a THE British and Foreign Bible Sotrue believer." In his judgment, the ciety is to have an oil-driven facts honestly studied would justify launch for the evangelization of the the viewing of South America as an tribes of the 50,000 miles of navigable open mission field, and he evidenly waterway on the Amazon and its wishes that the English Church would tributaries. Hitherto, Bible colportage so view it.-C. M. S. Review. has been carried on from the regular steamers which ply up and down the~ Hindus in the West Indies great river, but these stop only at speci- fied points so that thorough colportage T HERE' are in the diocese of Trini- of the region has been difficult. The dad, in the West Indies, over 100, new steamer, built at the modest cost 000 Indians who have come there to of $3,000, will be able to carry a ton labor on the sugar and other planta- of Bibles, sufficient food, water (for tions. A large amount of successful the Indians often poison the water of missionary work has been carried on streams in order to kill the fish), and among them by the S. P. G., and as will be provided with sleeping quarters a result of an increased grant which where the colporteur can protect himthe Society was able to make the Rev. self from the dangerous' insects which Ramprasad Dube, an Indian Brahman, swarm about the river banks. Mr. Walwas lately appointed to assist Mr. Rag- key, an Anglican missionary who bir in superintending the work which knows the Amazon thoroughly and is a is being done among the Indians. qualified engineer, has cooperated help- fully in the venture. His theory is that He wrote after his first visit to Prin- by evangelizing the Indians of the waterways the Indians further in the

forests can be later reached by means bambo'o grove at night. Then they put of the Christianized tribespeople. The it in the church in Atibaia, but it younger Indians of the region are wouldn't stay there either. So the priest largely able to read, having been announced that the only thing to be taught, in many cases, in return for done was to build a church at the their services as rubber collectors. The place where the image wanted to stay. Bible is the only literature in the ver- The church was built, then one or two nacular accessible to them, hence they houses, and now after many years the are always ready to buy it.-Record of place has grown up into a village. Christian Work. But far more rapidly than the village, A Brazilian's View of Protestant ha, grown the fame of the miraculous Missions image, or saint, as they call it. From far and near the pilgrims attend and A MISSIONARY was present at a go through all sorts of idolatrous prac- tises of fulfilment of vows. The sad- meeting held in the Lapa theatre, dest and most significant thing to a when an audience of more than 200 believer in Christ about the worship people, representing aU classes of so- of this image is the name by which the ciety, listened to an address by a lead- people call it, "Saint Good Jesus of the ing citizen on "The Return of the Pardons." This is in itself a revelation Prodigal Son." of the ignorance of the people and an appeal for fuller knowledge of the real He was a Roman Catholic, but when nature of Christ.-Christian Observer. asked if the Americans had a mission among his people, he replied, "Yes, a AFRICA twofold mission, to correct the abuse, of the Roman Church and to give re- "What Vould Jesus Do?" ligious comfort to the people, that is, to give the masses the Gospe1." OF what use are Christian Sunday- schools in Moslem lands? A strik- The missionary later went to visit ing answer is given in a little incident him and offered to read to his mother, related by an eye-witness to Mrs. Finif she desired, some comforting words ney, one of the American missionaries of the Savior. "After I reached Curi- in Alexandria. tyba, I sent him two pamphlets and received an appreciative letter. Some An Australian soldier, who had been day some of those men and women I in the cafes and drink shops, was met will be the first members of the sauntering down the street when he Presbyterian Church of Lapa." was laid hold of by two gay and prof- ligate women, one on each arm. Each A"Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons" was coaxing him. At that moment a FEW miles from the town of Ati- bright Egyptian lad was coming from baia, in the State of S. Paulo, the opposite direction, and the soldier Brazil, there is a small, out-of-the-way in an offhand way called out to him, village, where every year the Roman "Boy, which one shall I go with?" Catholic Church holds one of its most The lad stopt a moment and then, lookcelebrated festivals in this part of the ing straight up into his face, replied in country. It is said that once upon a clear, simple English, "What would time an image of Jesus was discovered Jesus do?" The soldier was so taken in a bamboo grove there and put by aback and so deeply touched that he the priest in the church at Nazareth, flung himself loose, and running down near-by. But it did not want to stay the street, disappeared from view. there, so miraculously went back to the The British officer who noticed the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

affair stept up and asked the lad in Uganda for volunteers to go among where he had learned English, and was the tribes of the Mongalla province, told that the boy was a pupil in the toward whom Islam is making rapid American Mission school in Alexandria strides. The C. M. S. mission among and that this very verse had been ex- them has now been in existence for 10 plained by one of the teachers at Sun- years, and still looks forward to its day-school. first baptism. Of African Moslems the Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ people have seen many, often in high positions of trust and responsibility, W RITING from Salatu, Mr. A. S. but of African Christians they have Judd, of the Sudan United Mis- come into contact with none. The sion, gives the following encouraging first to respond to the appeal were two particulars of a movement which has boys in their third year at King's just begun in one of the tribes among School, Budo, followed by a pupil whom the society is at work: teacher from Ndeje. At the communion service held for members of the Synod "You will be pleased to know that we the Bishop appealed to the elder clergy have had quite a movement among the and lay readers to send one of their boys here during the past few days. number as leader of the new Mission. One evening a lad of 16 years of age One of the oldest of the Baganda came to see me; he wanted to follow clergy, the Rev. Yosuwa Kiwavu, ofthe Christ. The next evening another fered himself, notwithstanding his adcame, and evening after evening I vancedage and the fact that he has have had seekers after the way of truth already spent many years of exile in until there are now twelve of the Busoga, the last two years of them in school-boys who have exprest their de- a remote and dangerous out-station, termination to follow the Master. Some for the evangelization of which he are quite young, but three are approach- volunteered to leave his comfortable ing manhood, and they have given their home. It is little, to be wondered at testimony, very clear and definite, in that such an example was emulated. public. They will be marked men now. In a few hours' time three other Bag- The others, being younger, have not anda clergy and two lay readers also spoken in public, but they all take part offered, of whom the two latter were in their own prayer meetings, and we eventually chosen to accompany Kiwavu have had quite a number of these. The and to travel into the Sudan with Mr. boys have to spend much of the day Shaw on his return journey. on their farms, driving off birds from the ripening crops'. On Sunday, as they could not get in for service on the News From West Africa F station, they held a service out in the OUR members of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Board fields. This was their own idea. We shall have to give time to the training arrived in New York, December 15th, of these boys, for they will need much and reported that they received only help." courteous treatment in German Kame- run, Spanish Guinea and from the of- THE Baganda Missionaries for the Sudan ficials of the French and British cruis- Uganda Synod appealed for ers who boarded their ship.

workers for the pagan Anglo- Before leaving Kamerun, the entire Egyptian Sudan, and a very speedy re- party pledged themselves to say noth- sponse has come from the Uganda ing of military conditions in Kamerun.

Church. The Rev. A. Shaw, of Malek, They were permitted, however, to tell on the White Nile, has been appealing anything regarding the missionaries

and the work. From the necessity laid he must, as a Christian, try at least upon them on account of the lack of to get rid of from a heart only too foreign food, the missionaries have cul- ready to entertain it. Patriotism, selftivated their gardens much more than sacrifice, calm courage as connected in former years. One of the mission- with war, are strange notions hard to aries has succeeded in producing a understand. Then he is told of hosplantain flour and a toothsome syrup pitals, Red Cross work, mercy to all out of a native cane. The industrial non-fighters, and so forth, and hearing work has practically ceased because of this he looks at the pictures' of fighting a lack of cloth for making garmerrts, in Belgium I What is he to, think? of leather for making shoes, and a lack What can he possibly make of it all? of demand for chairs and tables, and Christianity is essentially to him the refor building of any kind. While war ligion of peace and mercy. He can only conditions are irksome, and at times think one thing: that the white man seriously interfere with the work, the teaches one way and follows another. greatest courtesy has been shown the And so he keeps silent, because such American representatives. thoughts are neither clearly formed in his mind, nor would he like to express The returned missionaries did not them if they were." think that their comrades are in any danger. Bible-work in New Zealand The girls' schools are all closed, but THE British and Foreign Bible Sothe boys' schools are running, only with ciety's latest report from New Zeareduced numbers. The most striking of all the statements regarding the land, has recently reached London. In work is that the offerings while pos- a year, which included nine months of sibly not equalling those of former the great war, New Zealand has conyears, are remarkable, the people giving tributed to the B. F. B. S. no less than out of extreme poverty, and realizing £2,382; this total contains a gift of £349 the great need on account of war con- from the Otago Bible Society, but it ditions. takes no account of legacies from New Zealand, which have reached the record THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA sum of £4,324. A New Testament was placed in the hands of each soldier of A The Puzzled Melanesian the New Zealand contingent, which has CORRESPONDENT writes in been fighting with such magnificent gal- The Southern Cross Log: lantry in the Dardanelles. "Readers may be interested to hear how, as far as one can judge, the catas- Hospital Ship for the Sulu Islands trophe of the war apears to the mind of the ordinary Melanesian Christian. ONE of the missionaries of the Epis- A thing that strikes one very much copal Board in the Philippines says is his intense interest in it. that the greatest advent of the past Next to his intense interest is his year in that mission has been the conreserve about what he really thinks. joint acceptance by the Philippine gov- His attitude as a Christian is hard to ernment and a private philanthropy in probe. Here are Christian nations' all America of the proposition submitted fighting together on an enormous scale. by Bishop Brent for a hospital ship for But war to him means murder, and the Sulu Archipelago. It is hoped that murder he has learned is a sin, and this institution will be a center of inutterly and entirely un-Christian. War struction and healing to 200,000 natives. means revenge, and revenge he knows '1~t : BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS @.-.; /~ " AND – : / ……………….. . ".".. MI3SION LANDS .. .— – …./. . ". -~….. ………….

The China Mission Year Book for 1915. The Students of Asia. By Sherwood Edited by D. MacGillivray. 12mo. 586-252 Eddy. 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volunteer pp. With new missionary map of China, Movement, New York, 1915. 20×22 inches. $2.00, net. Christian Litera- The students of to-day are the leaders ture Society, Shanghai, China, 1915. of to-morrow and Mr. Eddy has wisely The China Mission Year Book has devoted his life to bringing the message come to be looked upon as an institution of Christ to the students of Asia. In -a servant of the cause of Christ and India and China he has held remarkable of progress in China. evangelistic meetings at which thousands have been enrolled as enquirers'. In the Volume six contains an immense present volume he studies the countries amount of valuable information not only of Asia from the students' standpoint, the on Christian progress but on the political, present intellectual awakening, the new commercial, educational, and social de- student life and ideals; the student velopment of China. Many of these leaders in India and China; the successchapters are contributed by specialists ful methods employed in student work and all are carefully edited. Dr. Arthur and the present call of Asia to Christian H. Smith writes the survey for 1914 America and England. The appendices and the story of Christian churches in deal with the contrasts between orient China. and occident, moral instruction in Japan- ese schools, typical questions asked by There are also sections on Meetings of Japanese, and the religions of China. Federal Councils, on the distribution of missionaries, the post-office as an evan- Mr. Eddy's book will be especially gelizing agency, social service in China, helpful to the students of North America. Woman's Work in China, and a full list It is more of a general presentation than of over 400 missionaries and 80 foreign a detailed study of the subject, but it is missionary agencies in China and For- an inspirational message drawn from acmosa. The statistics are informing but tual contact with Asiatic students. incomplete. The map in three colors is a unique production prepared by the Missions and Leadership. By J Camp- China Continuation Committee. It shows the various mission centers with 1 to 5, bell White, LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. SOc. N. 6 to 15, 16 to 25, 26 to 50, and more than Collier Printing Co., Wooster, Ohio, 1915. SO missionaries respectively. Other marks Dr. White is well-known as the organindicate the unoccupied citie~ distinguish- izer and for many years the general ed according to their size and importance. secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. He is a clear thinker and The railroads-in operation and pro- forceful speaker and has won a right posed-the canal and trade routes are to speak on missions and leadership-as also marked. The parallels of latitude he has done in these lectures delivered in and longitude are omitted. These with South Carolina. First he declares and a key to mission stations would greatly gives facts to show that the present add to the value and usableness of the second decade of the twentieth century map. i!> "the decisive decade in missions." He points out that service to God and man is Agatho Rolf, O.M. Cap., of a German the only life purpose worth while and book. The author of this is a Roman that knowledge of world conditions and Catholic and of course he considers the spiritual forces is essential to power. In whole mission problem from that view- the chapter on money and the kingdom, point. Of the seven chapters, four are Dr. Vhite is especially at home. He devoted to comparisons between Roman makes figures talk. The final appeal for Catholic and Protestant missions in Asia personal service in the missionary cause and to a critical discussion of the "De- is a stirring and convincing argument for fects of Protestant Mission Methods,"

more thorough consecration to Christ. "Modern Tactics of Protestants in the He concludes: (1) "The World Field is Mission Proper," and "Protestant the only field; (2) The Great Commis- Methods of Awakening Missionary sion is the only commission; (3) Man is Zeal." It would be quite easy for God's chosen steward and messenger." a Protestant critic to make a for- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By midable list of the defects of Roman Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, Bvo, 162 Catholic Missions. Nevertheless Father pp. $1.50, net. Fred'k A. Stokes Co., 1915. Schwager's small book is wholesome Chinese women are just emerging from reading for Protestant missionary work- obscurity. They are showing their ers. It is well for us sometimes to see strength and are worthy of study. Miss ourselves as others see us. The view- Cooper bases her revelation of the women point of the author is distinctly continand home life of China on letters written ental, as distinguished from British and many years ago, so that the volume does American. His pre-suppositions material- not reveal the new women being pro- ly affect his jUdgment, but he is an able duced by modern civilization and mis- man and evidently intends to be fair and sions. The vast multitudes of China have honest. A reader who does not under- not changed very much, but they are stand the currents a.nd cross-currents of changing. life in Asia, might get a wrong impres- In the form of two series of letters as sion from Father Schwager's chapters, written by the wife of a high Chinese but the foreign missionary secretary and official to her husband, the author pic- the foreign missionary himself may find tures the thoughts and conditions of this little book interesting and suggestive.

Chinese women of the higher class. It is a secluded life, with many families under Working Women of Japan. By Sidney one roof~parents, children, mother-in- L. Gulick. Illustrated, 12mo, xiv-162 pp. law, son's-in-Iaw, and grandchildren. The 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment" New Yark, 1915.

wife, kwei-li, turns finally from the Dr. Gulick gives us here the first ex- Chinese gods to Christ and in Him finds tended treatment of the increasingly impeace. portant theme, the working women of Japan. A reviving Buddhism, under the Beautifully illustrated and well written, stimulus of Christian ideals, has renewed this illuminating story is well worth read- it, ancient interest in some forms of ing by young missionaries going to China philanthropy, but the serious problems of and by those at home who desire a industrialism have awakened little conglimpse of the inside of upper-class cern, except among Christians. The con- Chinese homes.

The Most Vital Mission Problem of ditions of women in domestic and agri- the Day. By the Rev. Frederick cultural employments, the more than Schwager, S.V.D. 12mo. Mission Press, 1,000,000 factory girls, the 30,000 geisha, Teckney, Illinois, 1915. A small volume, the 50,000 shogi, are set forth in useful hardly more than a bound pamphlet.

This is a translation, by the' Rev. detail. The closing chapter is devoted

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

to the Matsurgama Working Girls' ed. Missionaries and religion in Santo Home, the remarkable enterprise of Mr. Domingo are referred to a" follows: Shinjiro Omoto, which is illustrating to "Just what work Christian missionaries the community and to the government are doing among these people I do not one phase, at least, of the Christian know; but certainly there is a great op- solution of the problem of the working portunity, at any rate; the great needs of girl. the hour are education and religion. Until both come this will continue to be Historic Churches of Mexico. By Mrs. the most backward portion of the Vv-est- John Wesley Butler. Illustrated, 8vo, ern Hemisphere." 258 pp. $1.50, net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati, 1915. Introducing the American Spirit. By Mrs. Butler's description of twoscore Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Mexican churches, noteworthy as ex- 1915. ponents of the legends and traditions of their ecclesiastical system, is of value Professor Steiner is never dull. He is to the tourist in search of Spanish archi- always original and thought-compelling, tecture and local color. To the student and his latest volume is worth reading. of mission fields and faiths this record Americans will here see themselves as of the visions and miracles upon which others see them; foreigners will see these churches have been founded and America as a loving adopted son sees his of the credulity of their worshipers is foster-mother country. The description a revelation of the Roman Catholic of America and the interpretation of the Church in that country. The conclusion American spirit is given in the form of is inevitable that the Mexican people a bright, entertaining narrative. A Gerhave received stones for bread. "The man director and his wife are guided hungry sheep look. up and are not fed." through the whirl and beauties of Amer- ican life and scenery with a running Bahaism and Its Claim. By Samuel G. fire of criticism and repartee that reveals Wilson, D.D. 8vo, 298 pp. $1.50 net. Flem- the failings and excellencies of the land ing H. Revell Co., 1915. and the people. Bahaism claims to have somewhat Along the Trail. By Sarah G. Pomeroy. similar relation to Islam as Christianity 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. has to Judaism. It is founded on Islam, l.evell Co., 1915. but has advanced to broader and higher Juniors will be greatly interested in spiritual ideals under the lead of a new teacher. Bahaism is far from Christian this collection of pen pictures of Indians, and it would be well for those who are Pilgrim fathers, Eskimos, Negroes, lenient toward it in England and Amer- mountaineers and foreigners in America to read this revelation. Ica. It is full of life and color, and seems more like a collection of traveI- The Future of South America. By Roger tales than a text-book. W. Babson. Map. 12mo, 407 ~<). $1.50, net. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1915. The Revelation. By Arno C. Goebelein. 12mo. 208 pp. 50 cents, net. "Our Latin-America is in the public eye. It Hope," New York, 1915. is a coming continent. Mr. Babsun deals The most obscure book of the New with its great commercial future, taking up in detail the conditions in each separ- Testament is the most fascinating to ate country in turn. The suggestions those who study it with a key to unlock to those having trading interests in its treasures. Mr. Goebelein has given South America are of particular value. us both an analysis and an interpretation PopUlations and educational conditions that are worthy of careful study. The are indicated briefly, but social and re- imagery, the prophecies, the meaning all ligious conditions are scarcely mention- require deep study, and it is not surpriz-

ing that there are different interpreta- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By tions. Mr. Goebelein recognizes the Elizabeth Cooper. 12mo, xvi-262 pp., Ilvarious "schools" and himself looks to the future for fulfilment. The Scarlet lustrated. $1.50, net. Frederick A. Stokes Woman he accepts as picturing the Papal Co., New York, 1915. system and the thousand years as following the destruction of world by em- Sketches From Formosa. By the Rev. W. pires and the personal return of Christ. Campbell, D.D. F.R.G.S. 6s. Marshall It is a study Biblical and spiritual with Bros., Ltd., London, 1915. abundant reference to history. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Blood Against Blood. By Arthur S. Booth-Clebborn. 12mo. 176 pp. 50 Wilson Clement. Illustrated, Map, x-190 cents, net. Charles C. Cook, N ew York, pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1915. 1915. The writer, a son-in-law of General Missions and Leadership. By J. Camp- bell White, M.A." LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. William Booth of the Salvation Army, 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Committee of makes a vigorous and impassioned protest Publication, Richmond, Va., 1915. against war. It is a tremendous indict- The Inspiration of Responsibility and ment, and calls for careful consideration Other Papers. By the Rt. Rev. Charles on the part of Christians. Whatever the motives for human warfare, itS' methods H. Brent. 12mo, 236 pp. $1.50, net. are unchristian and brutish, Longsman, Green & Co., New York, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By Rev. James Fifty Years' Ministry, 1865-1915. Mem- Stalker, D.D. 12mo. 281 pp. $1.25, net. ories and Musings. By the Rev. Wm. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York, 1915. Cuff. Is., net. Baptist Union Publica- While many of us do not agree with tion Department, London, 1915. Dr. Stalker in all of his statements and conclusions, missionaries and students Their Call to Service. A Study in the wiII find these studies valuable. They Partnership of Business and Religion. relate to the various faculties and senses, By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, 157 pp. 60 and their inftuencee on morals and reli- cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philagion. The volume is written in Dr. Stal- delphia, 1915. ker's own clear and forceful style The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By Overtaking the Centuries; or, Modern Women of Five Nations. By A. Estelle Richard Hayes McCartney. 12rno, 160 Paddock. Pamphlet. 40 cents, paper; 60 pp. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915. cents, cloth. National Y. W. C. A., New The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. York, 1915. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. The Y. W. C. A. work has been reach- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., ing out to the women of all nations. Its New York, 1915. peculiar field, history, methods and excellent results are here given in brief Children in South America. By Katherine but interest-compelling form. A. Hodge. Illustrated. 12mo, 128 pp.

NEW BOOKS Is. Sd., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh China Mission Year Book, being "The 191~ , Christian Movement in China," 1915 The Second Missionary Adventure. By (Sixth Year of Issue). Edited by Rev. D. Warren H. Wilson. 16mo, 32 pp. 35 Yceonrts~ MacGillivray, M.A., D.D. 12mo, xi-S86, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New 252, Ivi pp. $4.00. With Map. Christian 1915. ' Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1915. Church Finance. A Study of Wrong The Students of Asia.By Sherwood Eddy. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volun- Methods and the Remedy. By Frederick teer Movement, New York, 1915. A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, m~ Was It Worth While? The Life of Theo- dore Storrs Lee. By Some Friends of His. 12mo. 178 pp. Illustrated. 50 cents net. Association Press, New York, 1915: How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living b~sed on Modern Science. By Irving FIsher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. Illustrated, 12mo, xxiii-345 pp. $1.00, net. Funk & WagnaIIs Co., New York, 1915.

The Negro. By W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Ph.D. 254 pp. 50 cents. Henry, Holt Co., New York, 1915.

A Woman in the Sahara. By Helen C. Gordon. Illustrated, 350 pp. 65., net. Heinemann, London, 1915.

Sav_;;e Man in CLtra1 Africa. A study of Primative Races in the French Kongo. By Adolphe Louis Cureau. Illustrated, 351 pp. 12s. 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1915

OF "THE SALT OF THE EARTH" IN

MISSIONA~Y FI~:ES 1. A young Moslem from Bengal, having become a believer in Christ, made his way 4,000 miles, through many hardships, to consult with Dr. Zwe- mer in Cairo. After two years of study he has returned to India to preach Christ to his own people. (See page 744.) 2. It is estimated that 61 per cent. of the American Indians are still un- Christian, and that 45,000 of them are beyond the influence of any Christian missionary work. (See page 745.) 3. The "Orthodox" Greek Church of Russia uses, on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, several elaborately equipped church cars in which services are held. (See page 755.) 4. The success of Christian medical work in Kuweit, Arabia, led the Arabs to open a free Moslem dispensary to counteract the Christian influence, but the Turkish physician lacked the missionary incentive and soon left town. (See page 734.) 5. A woman missionary to the Dakota Indians has obtained such influence over them that no important council is ever held without her, and no lease or similar document signed until she has read it. (See page 749.) 6. One result of teaching the Chinese in our American Sunday-schools is shown by the fact that Robert E. Speer found a Chinese laundryman, who was baptized in a Brooklyn church during his stay in America, living a Ch6stian Ii fe of unusual power in Siam. (See page 761.) 7. Mr. Sherwood Eddy has started for India to conduct evangelistic meet- ings for the students and educated classes in India, similar to those among Chinese students which produced such great results last year.

8. The heroism of modern missionaries is shown by the fact that in spite of the suffering and death that has been experienced recently in Turkey and Persia, nine new missionaries have just gone out to those lands from America. (See page 781.) 9. A young man in India, a convert of only a few month's standing, em- ployed in a government workshop, refused to take advantage of oppor- tunities for overtime work because he spent his evenings teaching the Bible to the young men of his village. (See page 783.) 10. The Salvation Army conducts in various parts of India 27 criminal settle- ments, numbering over 6,000 people. (See page 783.) 11. Shantung Christian University, which is seeking to raise a building fund of $335,000, is the only university in a district with a population of 50,000,000. (See page 786.) 12. Unfortunately, the follies of civilization sometimes make more impression than the blessings. In Osaka, Japan, a huge "Billikin" is exhibited, labeled "the Westerner's God of Luck," and many worship before it. (See page 788.) ~irs. E. E. Calverley, lf.D., and her daughter Grace in Arab costume (see article, p. 721") ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 10 OCTOBER, 1915 Vo!' XXVIII, No. 10 Old Series New Series m,SIG THE WAR AND THE JEWS times against Christ. The Jewish rabbis and the Jewish press are THE Hebrews have been among venting their rage against Christ and 1:he greatest sufferers in the great Christianity.

European war. Over a half-million What is ,the meaning and what will of them are actually fighting against be the outcome of all this suffering? each other in the opposing armies. The darkest hour precedes the dawn. The Jewish settlements in Galicia, From the most terrible experiences of Lithuania, and Poland (including Israel in Egypt they were led forth portions of Austria, Germany, and into the Promised Land. When their Russia) are being devastated by the exile became almost unbearable in bloody battles. It is estimated that Babylonia, they were led back to J unearly two million Jews have been dea by Zerrubabbel and Nehemiah. driven from their homes and reduced May not this present extremity (If to terrible misery in consequence of Israel precede a deliverance-not imthe war. Besides this, the Jews in mediately complete, perhaps – but Palestine and Armenia are suffering leading on to the promised consumfrom famine and oppression and de- mation? portation. As the toil and sufferings of Jews One result of this suffering by the in Egypt only served to increase Jews is that 'they are more bitter than their number and to harden their ever against the so-called Christian bodies, so Israel scattered and opnations, and debit the present evil The editors seek to preserve accuracy ana to manifest the spidt of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW} but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

prest to-day, is growing in numbers "The signs of the times seem to and in power to overcome obstacles. call loudly for a representative gath- As the hardship in Egypt made them ering of the Christian Church for a more willing to leave the fleshpots, prayerful study of the teaching of the so the tribulations in Europe are prophets respecting "the Jew, the making them lift up their eyes with Gentile, and the Church of God." It longing to the Promised Land. AI- seems to us, further, that now, as r e a d y thousands have returned never before in the history of the thither, and in thirty years the num- Christian Church, should there be ber of Jews in Palestine increased continual prayer and intercession for from 20,0CX) to over IOO,OCX). If the the people of Israel. Their fulness present war should free Palestine is the hope of the Gentile world.

from Turkish misrule, a million or Until the times of the Gentiles end more Jews would doubtless seek and the times of the Jews return, refuge there. It is said that both the our Lord will not be King in our Germans and the Allies have prom- midst.

ised Palestine to the Jews in return "In the terrible European conflict for their support in the war. Pales- Jew wars against Jew, and Jewish tine can easily accommodate a popu- people in all the earth are question- lation of six million. ing what the future for them holds, The experiences of to-day may and Jew and Gentile alike are ask- also make the people of Israel more ing, "Whereunto these things will open to the message of Christ-if grow." The action of the Jewish they can but distinguish between the societies in America on behalf of true Christian spirit and political their suffering brethren in the deso- Christianity. Few realize the num- lated lands; their man-made plans ber of Jews who have turned Christ- with regard to putting Israel back in ward during the past century. Dr. lier own land; the re-mapping of J aison, a learned Austrian Jew, ad- the entire war zone according to the mits that over 200,000 Hebrews have terms of prophecy, and the desperate become Christians in the last one spiritual needs of God's ancient hundred years. May the time soon people, from whom we have received come when Israel will look on Him our Savior and our Bible, call loudly whom they pierced and accept Him for an earnest study of the Word to as their Messiah. see what God's plans are for His people; and for earnest prayer on THE JEWS AND PROPHECY their behalf." This conference is to be held, D. I T is especially appropriate that at V., in Chicago, from Tuesday, No- this time a conference on behalf of vember 16th to Friday, 19th, inclu- Israel should be called to consider sive, 1915. Among the speakers an- nounced are Dr. C. I. Scofield, Dr. the outlook and the bearing of pres- James M. Gray, Wm. E. Blackstone, ent events on the Chosen People and the coming Kingdom of Jesus Christ. Rev. S. B. Rohold, Rev. A. E.

The call issued by the Chicago Hebrew Thompson, Dr. John Timothy Stone, Mission reads in part as follows: and Rev. A. B. Simpson.

OF THE

THE PLIGHT OF ARMENIANS* saved, but for the elect's sake, those days shall be shortened." These TELEGRAMS and letters continue words of Christ give light and en- to describe the awful sufferings couragement in the dark scenes now transpiring in Turkey. of the Christian popUlation of Armenia at the hands of the Turks. A "The atrocities being committed letter from a British resident of Con- there surpass anything that has ever stantinople says: preceded, even in the days of Abdul Hamid II," so writes a special cor- "Zeitun has ceased to exist as an respondent in Turkey. The mas- Armenian town. The inhabitants sacres are carefully planned and have been scattered, the city occupied executed, and include the most reby the Turks, and the very name volting torture, murder, and a cruel changed. The same is true, to a method of deportation that separlarge extent, of Hadjin. The Ar- ates families and sends large nummenians of the regions of Erzerum, bers of the victims to inevitable Bitlis, and Erzingan have, under tor- death. There are even rumors that ture, been converted to Islam. Mar- Enver Pasha is responsible for the din reports 1895 (the year of the in- pogram, and that a massacre of famous massacre) conditions as pre- Christians is even planned in Convailing there. The tale is awful to stantinople. the last degree. . . . The inhabitants of cities like Zeitun and Hadjin are In one city of Armenia twelve of driven out like cattle, and made to the leading Armenians were taken march long distances under the burn- out upon the road under pretense of ing sun, hungry and thirsty. More deportation and were then put to than a thousand families from Had- death. A few days later 300 more j in recently arrived in Aleppo in the men followed the same path. last degree of misery, and yet tpe purpose is to send them much far- This same method is being followed ther." in many other cities and villages in the interior of Turkey. "Women and So critical is the situation that Mr. children, old men and invalids are Morgenthau, the American Ambas- driven from their homes at the point sador at Constantinople, who, almost of the bayonet and sent along difsingle-handed, is fighting to prevent ferent routes covering many days, a wholesale slaughter, has asked and even weeks, of travel. No preparaobtained the cooperation of the Am- tions for the journey are made or bassadors there of Turkey's allies, permitted. Children born upon the Baron von Wangenheim and Mar- road are strangled by the mothers, grave Pallavincini. They have joined who are forbidden to lag behind the Mr. Morgenthau in trying to con- caravan of death. Those too ill to vince the Turkish government that a renewal of the atrocities of the for- proceed are left alone by the roadmer Turkish regime would be a crime. side to die.

"Except those days should be "The women who survive the jourshortened, there should no flesh be ney are scattered among Moslem households, where the alternatives * An Armenian Relief Fund has been estab- before them are Islam or death. This lished, the Itreasurers of which are Brown Brothers, 59 Wall Street. New York.

method of extermination is going on the front sharing the life of the sol- from Smyrna to Persia and from the diers. "'henever possible, they hold Black Sea to the Mediterranean. regular service, besides they comfort Some entire Armenian towns have the wounded and the dying and keep been depopulated, and Moslems from in touch with the families of the sol- Macedonia have been brought in to diers and the various churches they occupy the houses." Can we won- come from. Fifty years ago such an der that these stricken ones join in official recognition by the Italian gov- the cry of the martyrs in Revela- ernment would have been unthink- tion: "How long, 0 Lord, holy and able. Protestant soldiers were not true, dost thou not judge and avenge permitted to attain any high position our blood on them that dwell on the in the army. Now, thousands are in earth ?" the army and navy, and some of them A German official recently told an in the higher grades. A letter to the American who was traveling in the soldiers of Italy, published by the country that they were definitely Waldensian Committee of Evangeli- planning to eliminate the Christian zation, has been distributed in 50,000 races in Turkey. They are succeed- copies.

ing, and there are few to raise a pro- The temperance movement has test, for since the restraining in- also had a great impetus in Italy. The fluence of the Allied powers is not parliament has recently prohibited the felt, Turkey is free to satisfy her sale of liquor except within very nar- thirst for the blood of the Christians row limits and under rigid restric- in the Empire. Never in Moslem his- tions. The government is doing this tory has there been such a riot of that the soldiers may fight better, and crime and murder aimed at the anni- that the people at home may make hilation of the Armenian and Greek ammunition faster and save more races. Is it not time for America to money toward paying for the war.

act in behalf of these unfortunate But whatever the motives, the na- peoples? tions of Europe are learning the les- OPPORTUNITIES IN ITALY son that alcohol and efficiency are inveterate foes.

NEW doors are being opened in A Italy, and the Gospel is being THINKING IN MILLIONS preached in the Italian trenches. GREAT task is an inspiration.

Three of the Waldensian pastors Great minds and hearts are have been nominated by the Italian stirred by great undertakings. Such minister of war as chaplains for a goal has been set up by Dr. Francis their co-religionists in the army, with E. Clark, at the World's Christian the same duties, rights, privileges, Endeavor Convention, which met in and salaries as the chaplains of the Chicago last July, with an attend- Roman Catholic Church. The three ance of more than 12,000 delegates chaplains are Pastors Pascal and from fifteen nations. Dr. Clark, the Bertalot for the Alpine troops, and honored founder and president was Pastor D. Bosio, of Rome, for the prevented from attending on account Fourth Army. They are already at of illness, but his convention message

was full of fire. He appealed to the their pastors to persuade uncon- delegates to mobilize, vitalize and verted persons to become Christians. evangelize, and placed before them, There is also to be made up a com- as definite goals to be reached in the plete list of unconverted husbands of next two years: wives who are church-members, un- converted wives of husbands who be- ·"A million new converts. long to the church, unconverted chil- "A million new Endeavorers. dren of members, and unconverted "A million new church members. parents of Sunday-school scholars. "A million new dollars for mis- To pastors the request is that on sions. every Sunday between now and next "A million new members of the May there shall be at least one pub- Peace Union." lic invitation in every church to per- The convention re-indorsed the sons who wish to confess faith in slogan of the 191 I convention at At- Christ. lantic City, "A Saloonless Nation by 1920," and Mr. Daniel A. Poling The Protestant Episcopal Church is added, "A Saloonless World in also undertaking a great evangelistic 1930." The convention was equally effort along somewhat different pronounced on the question of world lineE, under the leadership of Rev. peace and a federation of nations Dr. James E. Freeman, of Minneapthat should make future great wars olis. A nation-wide "preaching misimpossible. A strong position was sion" is to begin on November 28th, also taken with refe~ence to Chris- and the main effort will be concentian Endeavor extension among the trated in the two weeks following. Negro churches on the true basis of During that time it is hoped that Christian brotherhood. Another in- evangelistic services will be held daily spiring standard was ra.ised by. Sec- in every Episcopalian Church in the retary William Shaw for increased country. It is intended that every efficiency in missionary organization rector in .the denomination shall be and service. called into service as an evangelistic preacher, yet no man will preach in PROGRESSIVE EVANGELISM IN his own parish. During the summer evangelistic meetings have been held AMERICA in a great tent pitched on the grounds of the Cathedral of St. John the UNDER the direction of Bishop Divine. Theodore S. Henderson, the Another remarkable and fruitful Methodist Episcopal Church is set- expression of this evangelistic spirit ting on foot plans to bring into the in New York City has been seen in Church, on confession of faith, 250,- the daily noon meetings conducted 000 new members before the first of by the National Bible Institute, and next May, 1916. The first endeavor the tent meetings under the auspices is to enroll a "Time Legion," in- of the Evangelistic Committee of New tended to bind 500,000 lay Method- York City. ists by a pledge to work at least two hours a month under direction of

EVENTS

October 1st-American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Mass Meeting. Ad- dress by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Fifth Ave. Pres. Church, New York. 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H.. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Pittsburgh, Pa. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary of the martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Portland, Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 16th to 19th-Conf. on the Second Coming, Chicago Hebrew Miss., Chicago. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, M. Y. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the founding of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

OF OUR SI STERS OF

With Our Sisters In Arabia * BY MRS. E. E. CALVERLEY, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Medical Missionary of the Reformed Church in America l lI lF I were an Arab "Oh, I have the funniest thing to ~ woman I might not tell you! A woman came into our . appear before a mixed house and exclaimed, 'I've just seen audience with an un- the queerest man on the street. He veiled face. In Arabia was tall, and wore a long coat and we missionaries do a big hat, and he had a white face not adopt the Arab dress, because with no whiskers on it, not even a American clothes are more comfort- mustache !' able and ' better suited to our work and also because the Arabs are as "Oh," laughed my friend, "that interested in seeing foreign clothes wasn't a man; that was the doctor as Americans are in seeing an Arab lady!" costume. Come with me for a little visit to As I walk along the street, in Arabia-our adopted country. .It will Kuweit, in my American clothes, the mean a sea voyage of six or seven people who do not know me call weeks to reach our home in Kuweit. out : We must cross the Atlantic, skirt the southern coast of Europe, pass "What is that? Is it a man or a through the Suez Canal, through the woman?" Red Sea, along the southern coast of the Arabian peninsula to Bombay, It seems incredible to them that a and from there take another ship and woman should walk in the street with steam northward up the Persian her face uncovered. Gulf, along the eastern coast of Arabia, to Kuweit. One day an Arab neighbor came to me and said : • Mrs. Calverley delivered her addre~ in Twilight Park, N. Y., at Northfield, Mass., and elsewhere, drest in the costume of an Arab woman.-EDlToR.

As our steamer enters the harbor Some of the little children run she is surrounded by sailing boats screaming with fright at the sight of manned by noisy Arabs, chanting as so many strange visitors; but the they pull the ropes, or shouting in women and children who have come excitement as they unload the part to know the missionaries greet us of the cargo destined for Kuweit. with smiles and questions and show- After bargaining with a swarthy Arab ers of blessings on us and ours. we secure passage on one of the sail- Many of the children have swollen, boats, and seat ourselves on boxes, streaming eyes-black with flies to bales, and bags of rice, while the which they have become so accusmen of our party close in about the tomed that they no longer attempt to edge of the group, to shield the brush them away. women as much as possible from the rudeness of staring, jesting Arab As we pass along the streets we passengers. If the wind is favorable get little idea of the houses, for all we may reach the shore in less than we see are fhe blank outside walls an hour. with a barred wooden door here and there. Finally we reach a door in As we approach the land we see a wall, and bid you welcome, for that a town, the color of sand, rising out IS our home. of the desert. Hundreds and hundreds of sail-boats are beached on the Horne Life of the Women seashore awaiting the coming of the season for pearl-diving, the main in- Arab houses are built around a dustry of the place. A cloudless central court, a square of ground exazure sky is overhead and the deep posed to the sky, and having all the blue sea is dotted with sails, but windows and doors of the surroundnever a tree nor a patch of green! ing rooms open into it. There are no outside windows lest passers-by We land by stepping from stone should catch a glimpse of the women to stone through the shallow water of the household. Some of the until we reach dry ground. Then highest class of women do not go we make our way through narrow, outside the four walls of their house dirty streets-foul with the stench of from the time they are· brought as dead animals left in the road until brides of twelve or thirteen years to they pass once more into the elements the home of the husband, until they of which they were formed. We are carried out to the graveyard. The flatten ourselves against the wall to middle class have more freedom, but let a camel pass or a donkey with they must never go out unless their huge loads overhanging on either faces are entirely covered with the side. A mob of mischievous boys black veil and cloak-leaving just as follows, taunting and jeering-sing- little an opening in the cloak as is ing in Arabic: really necessary in order to see the "Englezi, Englezi-Abu dhela, road.

Asa an yemut hel lala," The wealthy houses have a second courtyard exclusively for the women, "Englishman, Englishman, with a swelled and which can be reached only by head, passing through the men's court. A man will not trust even his father or We hope that to-night'll find him dead."

OUR SISTERS IN

his brother to see the face of his in Ame'rica? How do you endure wife. Even the poor Bedouin Arabs the privations of life in Arabia?" who spend their lives wandering over the desert from oasis to oasis have Can you realize that in Arabia I their tents divided by a curtain feel that my life is that of a queen through the center so that the men compared with the lives of those may sit on one side and the women around me? on the other. I come, from the dispensary, from At meal-time the dinner is brought the sight of. so much ,unnecessary to the heads of the house, and not suffering, from the filth and the until after these have ceased to eat smells that make one sick to the do the women sit down to consume heart, into our clean little courtyard, into our little living room, where, A CHRISTMAS CROWD IN THE MISSIONARY'S COURTYARD, "UWEIT One Arab woman will be noticed whose curiosity got the better of cuslom-.-she lifts the veil what is left. A man would not con- over a snowy table' and a dainty, descend to eat with a woman. I wholesome meal, I can talk with my knew an old man who loved his husband about the events of our day, daughter dearly and used to call her and the news of the world. The to sit by his side while he ate, but occasional guest, a government she might not eat with him because official, sea-captain or a merchant he was a man and she a woman! will not sit down until I am seated, becaUse the maxim "Ladies first" is A man will not condescend to walk the acknowledged rule for conduct. with his wife on the street. If they Then I think of the women next must walk to the same place, he door, whose voices I can hear walks ahead and she behind; and if through the wall, as they sit hudthere is a burden to carry, it is the dled over the remains of the evening wife who bears it on her head. meal. When I realize this-I feel like a queen! People ask: "Do you not miss the comforts to which you are used

Then I sit down to enjoy the all our cares and problems and weakmagazines and papers which our nesses and who gives us help in weekly mail has brought, and to every need, a Father who makes no answer the precIous letters of difference between bond or free, male friends; and I remember that, ac- or female. Then remember that, cording to one of Kuweit's best according to the Mohammedans, a authorities, only one Arab woman in woman has no soul! 1,060 can read, and only one in 25,000 can write. This authority Finally, when the lamp has been was asked why Arab women are put out and the door bolted for the practically never allowed to learn to night, we take our lantern and mount the stairs to our fiat roof, where,on cots beneath the open sky we seek the sleep which can not be found in the hot and stuffy house.

There is a wedding in the neigh- borhcod. "Tom-tom-tom-tom-tom- tOI1l,"we hear in endless monotony from the drums beaten by slave WOllCl1. The shrill smgmg of d ~llcilH;-l!irls rises and falls in rhythm with the beating. T om-tom-tom-tom- tom-tom on through the hours of the night and early morning. Then comes to us the breath of salt air f rO: 11 the sea, and we look up into the beautiful night sky of A rabia- that wonderful vault of deepest blue with its jeweled constellations-that silent witness of God's infinite glory, and there comes to me the verse: A CORNER O F THE CALVE RLEY DHnN G- AND SITTING- "Peace, perfect peace, ROOM I N KUWEIT With loved ones far away In Jesus' keeping We are safe, and they."

write, and he answered, "Do you Ah! This is best of all gifts-and think we would teach them to write? the Arab woman knows no peace. We have enough trouble with the women as it is-and they would be Social Life of Arab Women more troublesome if they knew how to write." As soon as we moved into our little house in Kuweit, Arab visitors At the close of day we lay aside began to come. By twos and threes our reading and the thoughts of our the women entered our courtyard, work, and come together for family black, shrouded figures. They were prayers at the throne of our loving welcomed and conducted to the room JIeavenly Father, who understands which serves as church on Sunday,

OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA 73

TaE OpERATING ROOM OF THE KVWEIT DISPENSARY

October

school-room on week-days, and re- was the influence of evil spirits, and ception-room after school hours. she began to spit three times in the Here I could assure them that th.~Y., '.dir.~ct!ori..'.ot.: :Q!:,a,c~?s~ f?:C~c.~:?Cclaim­ might remove their veils without fear ing, M a sha ullah, M a sha ullah, Ma of having their faces seen by any sha ullalz. "Whatever God wills,"

man. which she considered a charm cap- A Sunday-school picture roll hung able of keeping off evil spirits!

on the wall, and this seldom failed One gay the wife of a wealthy to excite questions and give us a Arab came to see me. She was very chance to tell the Bible stories which haughty and reticent at first, as she sat there drest in her beautiful silks and jeweis, but after we had done our best to entertain her,and had served refreshments in Arab style.

she began to t€H her. troubles..

"You know," she said, "Khatoon, my husband has another wife, ·I have never seen her. She lives in another hou~e, and just as r have two chil- dren-so has she: Shehatcs me, and I hate her. My' husband says he can not afford to keep two houses; that we must live together. I can't cia it! I won't do it! I will cli::: first! Do you think I could sit and watch that woman cross my court- PATIENTS-A WOMAN AND CHILD yard? If she ever comes into the they represented. Then there was a house, I shall leave!"

baby-organ. The women had never In that very room, a few months seen an organ before, and always previous, that woman's partner-wife wanted us to play and sing to them. had told me the same story. A sweet, This furnished us an opportunity to pretty little woman she was, who had explain such hymns as "Jesus loves not been consulted when the other me" and "I need Thee every hour." woman's husband bought her for a Baby Grace was also an attraction, wife. Oh, the heartaches of Arab for the Arabs love children and were women! What comfort can I hold eager to see the little girl who was out to them! In my heart I knew as welcome to us as tho she had that I should feel the same way been a boy. One woman, very under the same circumstances. I friendly but none too clean, wanted could only read them the words of to kiss Grace on the mouth. Of Jesus about marriage and divorce, course I had to explain that we do and show them that God had not not like people to kiss babies on the intended them to suffer in this way.

mouth, because it isn't good for the Each of the women agreed that our babies' health. Immediately the way is better. "But," they said, woman thought that what I feared "our religion allows a man to have four wives: at a time;~ ~n<d: anf.' ritllTl- ;li~lSb<Fu;1 :,belongs::to ,theroy.al· family. ber of concubines; and what 'can ve He loved this :gentlt! wife-7-but God women. do 'about it?~:·· . .' : ·had .,g'iven her no 'children, ,and he could not think of n1aking her his Before . my: .frIend left -r :showed .:only wife: She became very. friendly Jw~tH ·otIe:.Of our woriIOCn: missionaries, her our' living~room !where.' 'ou'r :an,& tom. her ,story. in ,·this:way. :"EveTY' time' my husBand is' planning dining-table 'stood. eta: take 'J!.. 'new wife he comes to "And .do you and your husband '. ' eat together ?'." , she, asked..· ·· r'Corrie, <;ee," she. caned r to 'her companion; THE GOTHIC ARCHES OF A COFFEE-SHOP IN KUWEIT "this is the table where .they eat; me and' says, 'Now Lulua, I am The Khatoon sits on this side, and going to be married again; but I her husband ,on that side. What ..do ·.don't want you to think that I don't you thihk of that?" ·Jove you any more. ,.: Here is a gift :for you to remind: y'o1i that ~'love After that I. took her to · another ;Y0tl best of alL' . Thea I say, 'Oh, little room,. about as big.as.'a· hall- all right; I know it must be God's bedroom, whiCh has a very rare: ad- will, and I hope God will bless you vantage: tWb'small outside windows, .in this new marriage.' But when he one of which commands a view of has gone," she said, "I throw myself the sea and the customs house: upon my bed, and cry until I think my heart will break." What a Chris- "0, look! look!" cried the wo'man, tian this woman would make! "there is the customs house where my husband works! 0, you lucky R~lieving the Suffering woman," she exclaimed, turriingto me. "I would give anything to' have 'The medical' work allows one to that window in my house." get' an' even more intimate knowl- edge of the life of Arab women. There is a lovely, gentle Arab woman in one of our stations, whose

When we went to Kuweit the people curtain was poured out many a tale had never before seen a woman mis- of sorrow and suffering. During {be sionary, and most of them had never last year we were frequently asked seen another white woman. to treat members of the royal house- hold, who contributed generously to Two rooms of a native house built the support of the hospital. My Arab of mud and plaster, a big table, a costume was a gift from the wife of little table, a chair and a bench, a the heir-apparent to the throne. box, and some basins for washing the hands; these, and a pink calico cur- If we had been doubtful as to tain stretched across one of the rooms whether medical work was having THE MISSION HOSPITAL (FOR MEN ONLY) IN KUWElT to lend privacy to the part of the any effect upon Kuweit, we were reroom used for examination and treat- assured when the prominent Arabs ment, constituted the equipment of of the town held a meeting and dethe "Ioman's Hospital of Kuweit in cided to send for a Turkish doctor the beginning. and establish a Moslem dispensary where the poor might be treated free At first there were few patients without coming under Christian inand much distrust, but confidence in- fluence. The doctor came and spent creased, and numbers grew until much money on equipment, but his during the last eight months before work was not very successful, and our return to America, three thou- he was not willing to treat the poor sand patients were treated in the free, because he had not the spirit woman's dispensary alone. Modern of Christ as an incentive. In a few operating furniture was gradually ac- months he became so unpopular that quired and a collection of good in- he left town, leaving all his drugs struments; but the rooms remained to be confiscated by the ruling sheikh. the same, and behind that pink calico

1 5J WITH OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA

At first the patients were some- there is bnt one woman with a times afraid to take our medicines, license to practise medicine-and she but confidence grew. Toward the is a Christian missionary. end of our stay in Arabia I was called to see a woman whom I had The work was not always encournever met before. She was suffer- aging; but one day we chanced to ing terribly, but I feared she might overhear a conversation between two not allow the operation which was women patients. necessary. Before I had even time to suggest an operation, she said: "The doctor," said one, "takes just "Doctor, do with me as you think as much pains with those who can best. I have perfect confidence in not pay as with the rich patients." you. You may even cut me open if you like." How sad it would have been "Yes," said the other, "and look had this woman's confidence been in at her dressing that dirty ulcer on vam. God blest the operation and that poor woman. What Moslem she recovered, and became our firm would do that!" friend. We bave prayed that they might Our opponents also threatened to see from our lives that the religion secure a l1oslem woman-doctor to of Jesus Christ gives something which be my rival; but we were not greatly they need, and do not have. alarmed at this talk, for we knew that in the whole Turkish Empire Six days a week the waiting-room of the woman's dispensary is more or less filled with women and chil- dren of every station in life and all degrees of intelligence. When the A CORNER OF THE KUWEIT DISPENSARY The Women's Department is behind the screen of mats

crowd seems to have rec&ched its The audience is generally atten- largest SiZe–20, 30,' or 'eVen 40 pa- tive, and only occasionally an especi- tients, besides companions' who do ally fanatical woman objects to the not cOme for treatment~all treat- teaching.

ments are stopt for about ten min- Does it do any good? We have utes while the doctor takes her seat 'often wondered just how much of with the patients gathered before her :the talk was understood and rememon the' floor and bench. There is bered. Sometimes patients with sometimes great confUSIon, ,with the chronic complaints come every day women laughing and 'talking, and for months. One day, when we nobabies dying. It takes several min- ticed several such women in the utes to get them all quiet. "Do not ,crowd, it occurred to us to give them talk," we say in Arabic. "Keep 1 short test to find out how much quiet," the assistant echoes in Per- 'they had understood. sian–"you women over in the corner; the doctor's going to pray and "Whose son was Jesus?" we asked. ask God to heal your diseases." "The Son of Mary, but conceived by the Spirit of God," they an- "I have rheumatism in my feet," swered. shouts a deaf woman who has not "Vas Jesus a rich prophet who understood. Then there is a giggling "pent His time enjoying Himself?" among those who see the funny side "No," they answered. "He was of the situation.

Finally, when all is quiet, we begin poor and spent His time doing good by a short prayer asking God's bless- and healing the sick."

ing on each one, and especially upon "After a few years of preaching the reading which is to follow. The what happened to Jesus?"

prayer is very simple, but God has "His enemies took Him and killed many times answered our request. Him."

After the women have been as- (The Koran says they did not kill sured that they may open their eyes Him.) we read a short passage from Mat- "Was He willing to die?"

thew's or Luke's account of the life "Yes~because it was the will of of Christ and His teachings. The God."

explanation which follows seeks to "What good did it do for Him teach the lesson in every-day lan- to die?"

guage, with illustrations from the "He became a sacrifice, a Re- Arab's daily life, Some of the wo- deemer, for all who believe in Him."

men will never have another oppor- "How long did he remain in the tunity to hear the Gospel of Christ, tomb?"

so we never ,omit an explanation of "Three days."

the way of salvation, with its mes- "Then what happened?"

sage of hope for every heart. At "He arose from the dead."

the end of the reading everyone is "Where is He now?"

given an opportunity to buy a Scrip- "In Heaven, on the right hand of ture portion for two besas ( one God."

cent). "Is there hope for everyone who

5J WITH OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA

loves Jesus, no matter how poor and with joy and sold all that he had to' miserable and wicked?" buy that field. That man believed the investment was worth all that it "El Hamdu liilahl" (The praise cost-and so do we. be to God!) Men, how would you like your At least three of the women had wives and mothers to be like the l"nown the answer to every question, women of Arabia! And the beautiand their faces beamed with pleasure. ful, blooming girls with the promise of wonderful womanhood before From this test it is evident that a them-could you give them over to large proportion of the women really the ·life of Moslem women? understand. What is lacking is a sense of sin. Pray that the Holy Women, we are not more worthy Spirit may convict the people of than the women of Arabia. What Arabia of sin and of righteovs~ess makes the difference between us and and of judgment. our Moslem sisters? Nothing but t1~e blood of Jesus. Shall we withold Worth the Cost from them the blessings which mean so much to us? People ask "Are you going back to that burning, feverish, God-for- Some day we shal1 hear Christ saken place ?" Yes, we hope to go saying: "I gave my life for thee; back. Why? Because we are like what hast thou given for me?" the man, who, when he had found a treasure hidden in a field, went SHEIKH MOBARREK OF KUWEIT, WHO GAVE THE LAND FOR THE MISSION HOUSE

THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. D.D., F.R.G.S.

This ackno.wlcdged leader in the Christian campaign to win the Moslem wor1d to Christ, was born in Vriesland, Michigan, on April 12, 1867. He comes of good Dutch stock, being the son of Adrian and Katharina Roon Zwemer. After graduation from Hope College, Holland, l1ichigan, and from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1890, Mr. Zwemer went out with Rev. James Cantine to establish missions in Arabia. He has traveled extensively in Arabia. is the editor of the Moslem 1110rld (quar~ terly), and the author of many valuable volumes on :Moslems, their land and their re1igion. After serving as candidate-secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement during a recent furlough, 'Dr. Zwemer removed ~o Cairo, Egypt, where he is noW teaching and preaching, and is chairman of the Local Committee of the Nile Mission Press.

Beginning of a

A MOSLEM CONVERT'S JOURNEY IN SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE BY REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, CAIRO, EGYPT Missionary of the World's Sunday-School Association in the Levant BD_UL KERIM spent deeds in Indian history. Nothing was said about the Christian faith, IAl his boyhood in Garh- but as Abd-ul Kerim was now twelve wa, near Calcutta. years old and had learned to read His father was a Mos- freely, the doctor several times gave lem physician, and him some Christian leaflet or story. was known through- The boy's curiosity prompted him to out the neighborhood as a man of read these, tho he felt certain that skill and learning. the Christian religion must be all wrong. He knew that his father was One day another doctor came to a devoted Mohammedan, and, ac- Garhwa. He had once been an Ani- cording to what the M aulvi (the mist, worshiping strange idols and leader of a Moslem congregation) spirits, and cherished crude super- said at the Friday service, there was stitions. But he had become a fol- no trnth in any but the Moslem lower of Christ, and, after a hard faith. So in his boyish enthusiasm strnggle, had put aside his heathen Abel-ul Kerim resolved to prepare fears and legends. He was follow- an argument against Christianity to ing diligently the sayings and the sl~ow ~h:lt it was all an error. life of the Prophet Jesus. This new faith had taken strong hold up::m his Abd-ul Kerim's father wished him character and conduct, and, being a to receive a modern education, so man of frank and friendly dispo- he entered him in the government sition, he narrated his experience to school at Garhwa. Among the Abd-ul Kerim's father. pupils was. the son of a Bengali, and, Abd-ul-Kerim was strnck by the As the men were in the same pro- purity and sincerity of his speech. fession, and as Garhwa was not a This boy's father was a Christian large town, one might expect them convert from Hinduism. Altho Abdto be rivals, and jealous of one an- ul Kerim elid not know it, he beother. But such was not the case. came more and more conscious of They found pleasure in each other's the contrast between the Bengali company, and often spent their eve- boy's straightforward, clean language, nings together. The Moslem physi- and the coarse phrases constantly on cian's son, Abd-ul Kerim, became the lips of his other schoolmates. much attached to the kindly guest He felt that there must be some who always spoke to him, and some- reason for this, and he resolved to times told him stories of other cities cultivate a closer friendship with his and wonderful countries far away. new acquaintance. Sometimes the doctor would play with the boy, Or they would sit down About this time Abd-ul Kerim under the trees and talk of golden

began to study English. What a ing the Christian Church, because at strange, perplexing tangle it seemed! that time he scarcely knew what the His teacher was a Mohammedan of Church was. But he felt that he Bengal serving on the staff of the was very near becoming a Chris- government school. New thoughts tian, and he made up his mind to were awakened in his mind, and he take any definite step which the was alert for every English book missionaries might suggest.

within reach. One day, while look- Soon after he had arrived at ing through the shelves of the Hazar-i-hagh his father learned of library, he found a volume called the the situation, sent money for his Holy Bible. At once he realized traveling expenses, and urged him that this must be the sacred book of to come home at once. "Love for the Christians. He was eager to my father," he said afterward, "was take it to his rOom for careful read- stronger than my new faith" and, ing, but the librarian was a Moslem, after two or three personal talks and forbade his touching it. "When with the missionaries, he quietly re- you grow up it will be time enough turned to his home.

to consider such writings as this," His father was very indignant over said the zealous official. his drifting away from Islam, yet Abd-ul Kerim's desire to know showed much aHection and pled more about this book had been with him earnestly. Then, after aroused, and, while he was thinking counseling him to be stedfast, he over the incident, he remembered sent him to the government school that his father's friend, the kindly at Chapra, that. he might be under doctor, had given him a Hindi book the personal care of the head Maulvi, called the Bible. At that time he a sheikh of distinction and a strict had not cared about it, since his Mohammedan. The Maulvi was own language was Urdu. The gift very kind, but Abd-ul Kerim read had been tucked away out of sight more and more about the life of among some discarded copy-books. Christ, at the same time that he was • Slowly and thoughtfully he went to listening to what the Maulvi taught his box in the dormitory and drew about Mohammed. He also secured out this forgotten volume. He had a biography of Mohammed in Urdu.

learned to read Hindi, and so found As he read, he pondered and com- no difficulty in catching the meaning. pared, and formed his own con- Some portions he found very tedious, victions. He had no controversial and he almost gave up reading. But literature, nor any Christian books again he opened to the parables of other than the Bible. But he found Jesus, and was fascinated by the a Sunday-school teacher who en- wealth and power of thought. He couraged him and explained some became intensely interested, and his difficult passages.

heart was drawn toward Christ. He After an inward struggle Abd-ul resolved to leave the government Kerim resolved definitely to become school and go to the English mis- a follower of Christ. The deciding s:onaries at Hazar-i-bagh. He did factor was the pure and sinless life not have any distinct idea of join- of Christ, so human and yet so

BEGINNING OF A STORY

divine, and without a parallel in Abd-ul Kerim realized that if he Mohammedan or Hindu literature. openly became a Christian his father He feIt his need for Christ because would disinherit him and he would he was conscious of his own sin. have no means of support. So he As his experience deepened he wrote to a missionary, asking for a learned the power of God's forgive- position with a salary. No answer ness, and he found the joy of the came. A second and a third time new life welling up within his heart. he wrote, but without response. He The Cross of Christ became the learned later that the missionary had center of his faith. been suspicious of him because of the fina.ncial nature of the request. The Maulvi discovered what was MOHAMMEDANS AT PRAYER IN FRONT OF THE GREAT MOSQUE. DELHI, INDIA passing in Abd-ul Kerim's mind and What a situation! His father was took him to another school, so as suspicious of him; his Mohammedan to break the connection with Chris- teachers were losing their regard for tian influence. But the new school him; the missionary to whom he was situated near some marshes, and turned for encouragement did not Abd-ul Kerim soon contracted ma- venture to reply! But Abd-ul Kerim laria. Exhausted with the fever, he did not lose heart. He applied for returned home, where he earnestly admission as a patient at the fever asked to be sent back to Hazar-i- sanitarium, and the very missionary bagh. His father was suspicious of who had not answered his letters his purpose, but finally agreed be- received him. Yet he did not discause at Hazar-i-bagh there was a close his identity. He reflected that fever sanitarium, and it was an in- he could study the missionaries a expensive place for an education, little longer while he was con-

valescing, and as he grew stronger master the Arabic language so as he undertook regular studies, con- to be better prepared to lead Moham- stantly thinking over the life of medans to Christ. He wrote letters Christ. to thirteen Anglican bishops and After six months he chose a cer- other missionaries in Egypt, Syria, tain day and went to the missionary and England, asking them to assist in a straightforward way to tell the him or advise him in carrying out whole truth, and to ask for baptism. this plan. He had now fully before The missionary was astonished to him the vision of a life-work for learn that this was the young man Christ among the Moslems of Bengal.

who had written him three times. Answers came from several. But He examined Abd-ul 'Kerim fully the only one which contained any about the meaning of confessing definite encouragement was from Dr.

Christ, and told him of the tel?pta- Samuel M. Zwemer, then of the tions and hardships which were sure Arabian Mission at Bahrein, in the to follow; but he exprest his will- Persian Gulf. At the same time ingness to perform the service after Abd-ul Kerim addrest a letter to the certain weeks of preparation. Abd-ul Lucknow Conference, where mission- Kerim assured him of the firmness aries from many countries were of his resolve, and promised to come gathered. "I f any bne will take me each morning for instruction. Mean- as a servant or as a writer, I will while he wrote to his father, telling go," he said. This appeal was not him of his decision. read in the conference, but was re- Shortly after this he united pub- ferred to a committee, with the relicly with the Church in Haz~r-i­ sult that Abd-ul Kerim received all bagh. A group of Moslems, banded invitation to teach in a Church Mis- together by oath, came to capture sionary Society school in India, and him; but the missionaries advised him study Arabic at the same time. He not to leave the premises, and the accepted the position, and his teach- Moslems did not venture to enter ing went along smoothly, since the by force. They, however, sent a Moslems in that city did not oppose telegram to the Amir of Afghanistan, . him. But he found it impossible to who happened to be in Calcutta. make much progress with Arabic, This proved a fruitless appeal. Then' and began to feel that his life-plans his father's friends subscribed a fund would be indefinitely retarded if he of twenty-five rupees and four an- remained. Then he resolved to go nas, and engaged a teacher who to Arabia, to find Dr. Zwemer, and should visit him regularly and per- devote his whole time to the study suade him of the superiority of of Arabic. He wrote to Bahrein, Islam. The teacher pocketed the and in Bombay received a reply from .money, and made no attempt to see one of the missionaries, saying that the boy. Dr. Zwemer was just leaving Amer- Abd-ul Kerim was now nineteen ica and would reach Bahrein within years of age and an avowed Chris- five weeks. With this encouragement tian. He kept on with his studies Abd-ul Kerim took passage on a and gradually formed a purpose to steamer bound for the Persian Gulf.

He traveled steerage, and paid his The friends tried to dissuade him expenses from what he had saved of from starting in the great heat, and his year's salary. with such an inadequate sum of money, but finally he resolved to At Bahrein he found, to his dis- make the venture. He felt that if he may, that Dr. Zwemer had changed did not fulfil his vision and train his plans and was to make his head- himself to win Mohammedans to quarters in Cairo, Egypt, eleven hun- Christ, life was not worth living. dred miles farther to the West! For a time the young man worked in the On August 4th he left Bahrein by mission hospital in order to meet his steamer for Busrah, where he living expenses. He swept out the changed to another for Baghdad.

ABDUL KERIM'S JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF KNOWLEDGE wards and helped to care for the Never had he known such heat, even patients. in Bengal! Up the broad waters of the Shatt-el-Arab and through the Abd-ul Kerim was resolved not to rapid currents of the Tigris the give up his purpose and began to steamer slowly made its way. It was inquire how he might reach Cairo, impossible to secure wholesome food, and the cost of the journey. It was and when he reached Baghdad, Abdnow midsummer, and excessively hot ul· Kerim was suffering from a burn- –so hot that only necessity led ing fever. With difficulty he found people to risk the noonday sun. his way to the Church Missionary "Nevertheless," he said to himself, Society Hospital where he was given "if I wait until winter, and then at- the best of care. For fifteen days he tempt the long journey northward lay exhausted, but, as soon as he through Baghdad, Turkey, and Syria, was able to go out, he began to plan I shall surely suffer from the cold, for the remainder of the journey. for my clothing is of light Indian He was in the Turkish Empire, and material." He stilI had with him he knew neither Turkish nor Arabic, eighty rupees ($27) of his savings.

so it was a: constant problem how journey of several hundred miles to make his wants understood and to southward to Egypt. Many a man find his way. would have given up in the face of Then he. learned that a caravan such difficulties; but Abd-ul Kerim was starting for Aleppo, and· he ar- resolved to press on. Dr. Piper in ranged with one of· the drivers to Aleppo, and later one of the Ameri- ride' a loaded donkey part of each cans in Beirut, aided him, so that in day, After the caravan had traveled two weeks he arrived at the door of a few marches, the driver repudiated the American Mission in Cairo. He this agreement and compelled· Abd-ul was. worn in health, his clothes were Keriru to go afoot. There were no in rags, and he had only four piastres trees on that vast wilderness of (twenty cents) left. He was such a parched earth, and often at noon strange-looking character that the there was no shelter from the brazen police became suspicious and fol- heat. Each man lay down by the lowed him to the door. But his faith roadside and covered his head with had grown intrepid and his loyalty sacks and rags until mid-afternoon. to Christ had become marvelously One morning a donkey loaded with strong. Out of the darkness and silk went astray and four days were despair of Islam he had come forth spent in searching for him. The into the liberty and joy of faith in chief trader of the caravan became the Son of God. One of the mis- most insolent, for he saw that Abd- sionaries went at once to call Dr.

ul Kerim was a stranger and had Zwemer. "Come into the study," he no friends to stand by him. explained, "and find a young man For thirty-three days the caravan who has been following you half-way toiled on, occasionally passing small, around the world!"

dilapidated towns,. but, for the most This is only the beginning of a part, traversing endless solitudes in life-story; but it is enough to say the vast plain. Na tents were used that two years of industrious work at night. The travelers simply lay at the Cairo Study Center, under down upon the stony ground, with Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner and Dr.

their heads resting against saddle- Zwemer, have given the very train- bags. The clanging of the bronze ing which Abd-ul Kerim desired. He bells suspended at the necks of the has thoroughly studied the Koran, camels and donkeys often kept the the Traditions, and the History of whole company awake during the Islam. He has learned to use his night hours. By three o'clock each Bible freely and effectively in dealing morning the caravan .was on the with inquirers.

march. It was a hard experience His long pilgrimage from the cap- for a boy who had been brought up ital of India to the capital of Egypt in a comfortable home. was made in weariness and loneli- When the caravan passed through ness and poverty. His return jour- the gates of Aleppo, Abd-ul Kerim ney for his life work, via Port Said counted his money. He had only two and Aden, is now gladdened by the Turkish medjidiyes ($1.70) left, and prayers and Godspeed of a host of he had yet before him the long devoted friends. TEXAS ••• MAP SHOWING· •• GULF OF MEXICO TH~ WHERE THE UNEVANGELIZED AMERICAN INDIANS LIVE (See list of tribes and key to numbers O1J reverse side of map) INDIAN·R ESfllVATIONS IN THE U-N-IT-E-D .S-T-AT-E-S NUMBERS INDICATE THE NEGLE.CTED AND PART- IALLY E:VANGE.LIZ.E.D TRIBES OF THE NORTH AME.RICAN INDIANS

AND UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS OF THE UNITED

(The numbers refer also to the location on tlu map) Trwe Location Number Tribe Location Number Tribe Location Number Trwe Locatio" Number of Indians of Indians of Indians of IndiaM ARIZONA MICHIGAN NEW YOlK SOUTH DAKOTA 1. Chemehuevi; Colo. River Agency, 15. Potawatomi of Huron ………. 78 29. Iroquois; Cattaraugus reserva- 44. Ogalalla Sioux; Pine Ridge; un- Parker, Ariz. . ••• ;………… 151 16. Chippewa and Ottawa; partially tion; unevangelized, estimated evangelized, estilllated at· .•.•. 1,000 at ………………………. 400 2. Wallapai; Truxton CanY011 and provided for; estimate of un- N. W ……………………. 483 evangelized.. ••….••.•.•••.••. 1,500 NOIlTH CAROLINA UTAH 3. Hava-Supai; Cataract Canyon.. 169 MINNESOTA 30. Eastern Cherokees;; unprovided 45. Utes, Uintah, Uncompagre; 4. Navajos; northern part of reser- for, estimated at •~. … .. .. •.. • 600 White River; unprovided for, 17. Bois Forte Chippewa; Nett Lake estimated at ……………… 800 vation (see New Mexico Na- and Vermillion Lake …….•. 646 NOUH DAlOTA vajos); number unprovided 46. Paiutes; scattered bands …….• 370 for estimated at ………….. 3,000 18. Lake Superior and Pigeon River; 31. Chippewa and SiouJl!; unprovided 5. Apache; Coyotera, 5S6; on San unprovided for, estimated at… 2,000 for, estimated at . ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. 800 Pedro River, 300; on Lower Gila River, 300 ………….. 1,156 MONTANA I WASHINGTON 6. Apache; Geronimo and Cibique 700 7. Papago; nomadic and in villages, 19. Blackfeet; unprovided for, esti- OKLAHOMA 47. Nez Perce, Joseph's and Moses' Southern Arizona; number un- mated at .•..•••.••…•…••.. 1,000 band ……………………. 414 provided for, estimated at …• 1,000 .12. Peoria and Miami; partially pro- 8. Apache-Mohave; in Rio Verde 20. Northern Cheyenne, of Tongue vided for ………………… 359 48. Okinagan ………………….. 475 VaJley and southeast of Pres- River; unprovided for, esti- 49. Skokomish ………………… 194 cott ……………………. 400 mated at ………………… 600 33. Osage; partially provided for .. 800 SO. Scattered bands …………….. 800 34. Ponca; partially provided for.. 591 51. Ttilalip ……••…………..•.. 400 21. Flathead; unprovided for, esti- 35. Otoes and Missoutis; partially mated at·; ……………….. 1,200 WISCONSIN provided' for ……………… 435 CALIFORNIA NEVADA 36. Tonkawa; of Ponc~ Agency, 48; 52. Chippewa; unprovided for, esti- mated at .•.•…..••…••….. 1,500 9. Tribes and bands north of Teha- 22. Tribes and bands not under agen- Kaws, 158 •••••••'… ••••••••••• 206 chapi Pass; unprovided for, es- 37. Sac and Fox, 561; Ibwa, 80 ••••• 641 53. Menominee; unprovided for, es- timated at ……………….. 5,000 cies, unprovided for, estimated 38. Tribes of Eastern Oklahoma, timated at ……………….. 800 at ….•.•••…..•••.•.••.•.•.. 2,000 Kiowa, Modoc, Ottawa,· Qua- 54. Winnebago; unprovided for, es- paw, Eastern Shawnee, Seneca, tilllated at •.•••.• •. • •. . •. • . •• 500 23. Pah-Ute, Washoe, and Winne- Wyandott; unprovided for, esti- mated at …… …. … .. • ••. •• • 800 COLORADO mucca; near Reno, Nevada … 275 39. Potawatomi, Shawnee, Kickapoo. 600 40. Cherokee; full-blood comlllunities, 10. Southern Utes; Capota and 24. Paiute; Fort McDermitt 336 partially provided for, estimated Moache •..•.•.•……•..•..• 367 unevangelized …………….. 2,000 25. Moapa River; near Las Vegas.. 125 11. Winimuche Ute; near Navajo Springs ………………….. 493 NEW MEXICO Total estimated number of In- dians unprovided for …….. 47,253 26. Pueblo; of IS villages, partially IDAHO provided for, estimated unevan- OREGOlf Number of tribes and bands with- gelized ………………….. 4,000 out Christian Illissions •• •• •• 78 12. Creur ·d'Alene and Spokane …. 614 41. Siletz i Grand Ronde, Oregon ••. 429 27. Navajo; of northwestern part of Total numlier of Indians un- KANSAS territory, partially provided for, 42. Modoc, Paiute, and Pit River claimed as adherents of the Christian faith (including the 13. Potawatomi and Poncas j Prairie .. estimated unevangelized (see bands……………………. 375 above) ………………… 175,000 Band ……………………. 745 also Arizona) …………….. 1,500 43. Scattered bands on public domain, 14. Kaw; Osage Agency …•..••… 231 28. Navajo; of Canon Cito ……… 195 near Roseburg, unprovided for, estimated at …………….. 1,000

Red Men and the

THE INDIANS OF THE UNITED STATES, CHRISTIAN AND NON- CHRISTIAN BY THE REV. T. C. MOFFETT, D.D., NEW YORK Representative for Indian Work of the Home Missions Council HAT the Indians need cerning whom no statistics were gathered, is, doubtless, non-Christian. IWI is more religion and The accuracy of these data depends less fire-water," ex- largely upon the computation that claimed a grandson of was made regarding minor children. ~ Sitting Bull, as he If these were included in the total spoke of the white number enumerated, but were not man's gifts to the red man. To what listed as professing Christianity, the extent the native American race is percentage of Christians reported still without the Christian religion is would be misleading. But if the probably a subject of vaguest con- percentage is rightly calculated, what jecture and uncertainty on the part could be a louder call to the Chrisof the average intelligent citizen of tian churches in America, and what our country. Christian missions have more effective argument could be been carried on for so many years -presented for an advance in missions among the Indians of America, and to the American Indians than the by so many different denominational statement of the Government showagencies, that it is doubtless the com- ing that 61 per cent. of the Indians mon impression to regard this people enumerated are still out of the pale as almost entirely evangelized. It is of the Christian Church? certainly the intent of the Christian Church that all shall hear the Gospel. The old Apache warrior-chief, Exact information is, therefore, most Geronimo, joined the Dutch Reimportant, and careful investigation formed Church, and was baptized in of the present religious status of the the summer of 1903. He attended tribes and scattered bands of Indians the services regularly at the mission in the United States is timely. on the Fort Sill Military Reservation until the time of his death, five years The Government has within the later, when he was buried with the last few years taken a hand in the rites of the Church. For ruthless gathering of statistics of the religious savagery, outlawry, and devilish cunaffiliations of the Indians. From ning when on the warpath leading Superintendents on the reservations his scalping Apaches, or as a bandit and in charge of government schools, hunted for years in the mountains reports were received June 30, 1912, of Southern Arizona by United for 177,401 Indians. Of this num- States troops, Geronimo scarcely had ber 69,529, or 39 per cent. of the a mate. His autobiographical statetotal, have profest Christianity. A ments in "Geronimo, The Story of still larger per cent. of the other His Life," prepared a few years behalf of the Indian population, con-

fore his death, are manifestly com- he had heard and pondered. These posed and edited with his pale-face were his words, through the interfriend's assistance to such an extent preter, as he announced to the "Sunthat the thoughts of Geronimo are day-man" his conversion: more than colored. But from these remarkable confessions we read with "Tell the missionary I am done interest his witness to the new faith: with the reverence for the coyote, the rattlesnake, the bat, and the owl "Since my life as a prisoner has (the four things that the N avaj os begun I have heard the teachings of hold in superstitious fear). I am the white man's religion. and in ready to take the 'Jesus Road.' And many respects believe it to be better I have come a long distance over the than the religion of my fathers. trail to learn more of the new way." However, I have always prayed, and I believe that the Almighty has al- This gray-haired Navajo, just ways protected me. Believing that, taking his first steps in the upward in a wise way, it is good for me to trail, learning of the new faith, has go to church, and that in associating a long way to travel, and yet the with Christians it would improve my transformation already has been character, I have adopted the Chris- great; faith in the old Indian religion tian religion. I believe that the has been destroyed, hope and en- Church has helped me much during deavor along the new lines of Christhe short time I have been a mem- tian truth and the religion of the ber. I have advised all my people Book have been established. who are not Christians to study that religion, because it seems to me the The statistics of Indian missions best religion in enabling one to live of the Protestant churches of the right." United States~ as collated a year ago, give the total of adherents as 66,778. As a Christian convert Geronimo The number of communicants was rewas far from being an exemplary ported as 31,815, and of Sundaychurch-member, and some of the school enrolment 18,200. It is intertraits of his savage disposition and esting to know that 222 ordained Inof his old wild days still cropped dian ministers and 228 commissioned out in his conduct. But as a striking Indian helpers are serving in this illustration of the transformation and work. the new order religiously among many of the Indians of our country, A few years ago the Roman the testimony of the Apache chief Catholics reported 134 mlSSlOnserves well. centers, served by 164 priests, as- sisted by 110 native catechists. The To the Christian missionary at Director of the Bureau of Catholic Tuba, Arizona, on the Navajo reser- Indian Missions reported a total of vation, one hundred miles from civil- 40,CXJO good Catholics among the Inization, came an aged man last year. dians of the United States. Another He had been attending Sunday serv- estimate gives the number of Cathices, and in his deliberate way had olic Indians at about 100,000. Taking now arrived at a conclusion regard- the largest figures of all Christian ing "the Message of the Book," which bodies engaged in religious work among the Indians, there still re-

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

mains one-half of the total Indian ernment schools, and at one or two population of our country unclaimed points on the edge of this reserva- as adherents of the Christian faith. tion the Gospel was being proclaimed.

Of this number, the table (on the To-day so many churches have back of map) will show the tribes opened up work for this tribe and and communities unprovided with established mission stations at vari- missionaries and church organiza- ous points, that the 28,000 Navajos tions. will doubtless be evangelized by the The compiling of statistics and denominations now engaged in this data regarding the unreached tribes service if these agencies wili properly may serve to direct the attention of man their fields of labor. Yet there missionary societies and of Christian are at least 5,000 children here with- people generally to the opportunities out a missionary, teacher, or physi- before the Church. It will also re- cian, and in sections of this reser- veal that no one denomination is vation, 16,000 square miles in extent, sufficient to deal with any part of the Indians are absolutely in heathen this problem apart from other de- darkness.

nominations, and that we may pro- The Cherokees of North Carolina vide for the neglected Indians, by number 1,800, and are located on a conferences, cooperation, mutual ap- reservation of over 63,000 acres in preciation, and good-will. Swain, Jackson, and Graham coun- A few detailed statements regard- ties. There is an uneducated native ing some of the neglected tribes ministry among those Indians, most enumerated will be of value. Of the of whom are nominally Christians.

superstitious Pueblo dwellers, nomi- Here is a field needing attention, and nally Christians, many have scarcely an opening, especially at the govern- a form of Christianity superimposed ment school, where services will be upon the old heathen rites. welcomed. The Indian medicine-men Of the great tribe of the south- still exert an influence among the west, which produced a Sequoia and Cherokees, and the Christian services a Chief John Ross, the report is re- provided are wholly inadequate, Sab- ceived–"We have six thousand fuIl- bath-schools being irregular and blooded Cherokees who live in re- poorly instructed.

mote places in the hills and the val- In the State of California almost leys away from the white man and 20,000 Indians are widely scattered the railroad. There is only one way in small community groups and in- they can be reached, and that is dividual family isolation through the personally. What is needed is a man valleys, in the foothills, and among for this work like a colporteur or the mountains. Fourteen thousand the old circuit-rider, who will go to of these in the central and northern them." part of the State are in 257 bands Ten years ago the Navajos of located in 36 counties. Here the Arizona and New Mexico, the second greatest religious destitution is largest tribe in America, were in found, not more than 2,000 of these absolute heathenism except as a few Indians being adherents of any of the children had attended gov- church. Perhaps as many more have

had some instruction in the Christian pagan orgies begin again, and churchfaith. This leaves IO,OOO who arc members join in their dances and neglected, for whom the influence of 'throwaway' their property. There the church and its ordinances have is more that is religious and consenot been provided. The Methodist quently heathen in these dances and and Presbyterian Church have five other performances than an uninmission stations, the Baptists two, itiated bystander can be made to beand the Congregational and Epis- lieve. But aside from this it is copal one each. recognized by all the Indians as the reinstatement of the old Indian life, During' the past year twelve Evan- into which if one goes he drops out gelical Protestant churches engaged of the new life into which he had in work for the Indians have re- entered. ported an increase in the number of their mission-stations or working "The present conditions are not forces. There are twelve other or- properly a back-set, but a reappearganizations engaged in work for the ance. The simple truth is, it takes Indians from which there is no re- more to convert an Indian than we port of advance. have imagined. We have a revela- tion of the work that is to be done. This is a transitional stage of In- Evangelization is entirely insufficient. dian development. They are no Conversion is not enough. There longer to be penned up on reser- must be a new creature. We comc vations, and 39,000 of their youth to the perception of the fact that and children in schoo~s, and their 'discipling' the nations is some- Christian leaders, are the hope of thing seriously different from 'carrythe future. If the Church, in. its ing the Gospel' to them." evangelistic or educational efforts, halts, or takes a backward step now, From the young graduate of Yale, the labors of the past decades, and Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, a vVinnethe heroic service of self-sacrificing bago, now ordained to the Gospel missionaries, will have resulted in ministry, comes this worthy uttercomparative failure. There is not a ance: better platform upon which the Protestant churches can unite in an "It is very important to remember earnest, effective missionary under- that the real salvation of the Indian taking, than in the Indian work. must be from the inside. I should not be true to the deepest convic- What the work involves is well tions of my soul if I did not say this. stated by Dr. Alfred L. Riggs of I can well remember a dark night the Dakota Indian work: "Disap- years ago when a missionary came pointment follows success m the to me and urged me to seek the Indian mission work. Christianity friendship of the strong Son of God, seems generally accepted, heathen and asked me to give Him my ceremonies are suspended, the medi- allegiance. That night I started to cine-man falls into .the background, follow Christ, and His power has and a new era is established. Then sustained me at Santee and Mount some of the converts are found call- Hermon and Yale, and ali along my ing in the conjurers for the sick, way till this hour. There is a splen-

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

did opportunity offered now for life; how to be true and honest and Christian people to guide the Indian clean in their lives; how to serve into good citizenship, self-respect, Goel, not for Goel's sake but for their and excellent character. The time own; how to build up homes, how when the Government lets go of the to become self-supporting; and while Indian, and he has to stand face to the Indians are proud of their race, face with modern life, and all its I have tried to teach them to be problems and perplexities, is a mo- proud of their homes and their famiment of great opportunity for the lies. I praise the man that keeps a Christian people of this nation. On good team, that raises a good crop, the reservations they are scatterinl; that builds a fine haystack, that sells about like cotton-tails among the fat cattie, impressing upon him the bushes. Now is the time to go after fact that he who cares for his own the Indian and strengthen him by has God's blessing upon his life. the power of the Gospel from the And so, having become interested in inside. all their material welfare, no impor- tant council is ever held without my "His efficiency in this life IS tn- presence. Not only by vote of my creased by his beliefs in the Great own people, but by vote of all male Spirit and the life hereafter. Why adults on the reservation, no leasing, not bring these things back again no kind of important paper is signed to his consciousness? He still "be- unless I first read it." lieves in 'Courage, Friendship, and Endeavor.' He still believes that he The majority of the government will receive the greatest and highest boarding-schools are systematically honors when he is buried with no and regularly provided with Sabbathscar on his back, tho there may be school organizations, Sabbath preachmany on his breast-if he dies with ing, general assembly religious exerhis face to the foe. cises, and with denominational in- struction and nurture in the faith, "The Indian comes with long for the pupils who are classified in strides toward you Christian people, church groups. This is in accordwith his long hair, and his blanket ance with the rules of the Office of thrown over his shoulder. He kneels Indian Affairs. While the United to you as he has never knelt to any States Government and its officials other race in all the ages. He kneels can not, as such, inculcate sectarianbefore you, and he puts in your ism, or assume responsibility for the hands a sacred trust. What will you religious training of its wards or its do with the sacred trust that he thus school pupils, the Indian Office is not places in your keeping?" indifferent to the moral and religious welfare of those under its care in Miss Mary Collins, for many years this twofold relation of wards and a missionary of the Congregational pupils. These children and young Church to the Dakotas, has fur- people are wards, under tutelage, nished an instance of true missionary separate from home and parental ineffort in her description of her own fluences, and under agreement to rework: main in boarding-schools continuously "I have endeavored to teach these Indians to live well in their present

for a number of years, and through large, and the whole atmosphere of eight to ten months consecutively. the school is Christian. The Government must, therefore, recognize an obligation beyond that There are, however, some instances which it sustains to pupils in public of signal neglect in government day schools. The religious regula- schools. That of Huron, S. D., a tions in the federal Indian boarding- government boarding-school, may be school are consistent with the prin- cited. Here during the past year ciple recognized in providing chap- no organized church work was carlains for the army and navy, and re- ried on, no minister or priest conligious education in reform schools. ducted Sabbath services, and the sec- ular education of the pupils pro- An example of well-organized and ceded with only such volunteer work effective religious work in a govern- and occasional religious services, as ment boarding-school, is afforded by by chance could be arranged. This the plan carried out at Phoenix, is an unfortunate policy. Arizona. This institution, with over 700 pupils from more than thirty An educated pagan with the old tribes, for many years has been pro- savage instincts, is a menace to the vided for through the systematic Government which has given him efforts of ministers and lay workers training. The price upon the head of the city churches, and more re- of the outlaw bandit, Apache Kid, cently by a resident pastor giving his expresses the costly undertaking of entire time to the Indian work. secular education which produces Every Tuesday evening instruction clever rascals. classes are conducted, from forty to sixty boys and girls being taught in The educational problem is in some each group. The pastors of the city respects the most insistent one at churches have alternated in preach- this hour. The report of the Coming services on Sabbaths. Copies of missioner of Indian Affairs gives a the New Testament have been pre- total of 39,397 Indian children ensented to most of the pupils by their rolled in schoo:s-government, misteachers. A plain, simple presenta- sion and public. The previous year, tion of the Gospel message is prest '24,000 Indian children of school upon each young person, the inten- age were not in any school, and the tion being to make the pupil feel a estimate is made that there are about personal responsibility in the choice 8,000 children on the Indian reserof a Christian life, and the claims of vations 'for whom no schools have the Gospel. They are taught that been provided, and who are entirely they are to carry back to their people without educational privileges. Has on the reservation this message, and not the time come for the Protestant to live consistent lives that will be a churches to draw together and to testimony when they finish their provide Christian education for a school course and return perma- larger number'of Indian children and nently to their Indian country. The youth? It will be many years before accessions to the churches have been the Office of Indian Affairs, and the public-school system of our country, afford facilities for these 24,000 In- dian children of school age, who

5] THE RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL 75

were reported last year as not having Indian service has, is in this body been enrolled in any school, and for of returned educated men an"d the 8,000 of these for whom no wOlllen." schools or teachers have been provided. Higher education and training for Christian service are being effected Northern California furnishes the in a few schools. In Arizona, "The largest number under this heading. Charles H. Cook Bible Training Many small communities and bands School" has been inaugurated. A class of Indians are far from school of young men, with representatives houses, and having learned no Eng- from five tribes of the far southwest, lish, they recognize no inducements to is organized at Phoenix, and native enter their children in far removed leaders are being well prepared. In boarding-schools. For these small Oklahoma, Bible institutes have been day schools should be established. conducted lasting from a week to three weeks, in the groups of Where is there a more insistent churches and missions of each tribe. task to which the Church could set For the great work among the Daits hand immediately, than the pro- kotas, the Congregational and Presviding of mission-school' training for byterian Boards have united in a dethese children who are not only un- partment of the Santee Institute for tutored in secular knowledge, but Biblical and theological instruction. most of whom have never seen the inside of a Sabbath-school or church? A Christian academy under inter- There are nine Woman's Boards in- denominational control is now being cluded in the Woman's Council of established at Wichita, Kansas. Rev. Home Missions. So far as infor- Henry Roe Ooud and Mrs. Walter mation is at hand, only four of these C. Roe, are deeply interested in this have any work for the Indians. project. This object should be com- mended and the plan carefully The Federal Government maintains worked out for a distinctively Chrisfour boarding-schools in Northern tian Indian School similar to Mount California, and two in the southern Hermon, or possibly more nearly part of the state. Eight Indian day related to the character of work conschools in the north, and fourteen in ducted by Hampton Institute, or the- south, with an average capacity some of our smaller denominational of thirty pupils, are conducted. colleges. With leaders of the Indian Some ten field matrons are at work race in charge of such an institution, especially for the betterment of the a great work could be done for the homes and the conditions of the In- Indians of the United States, in the dian women. raising up of Christian leaders, and in providing an institution or acad- The problem of the returned stu- emy of college grade for the promdents should engage the large ac- ising youth from our churches and tivities of the church. The Com- Christian homes. missioner of Indian Affairs in his report states: "Throughout the In- The Young People's Society of dian country to-day, there are prob- Christian Endeavor, has been orably 35,000 of these returned stu- ganized in a few of the Indian dents. The greatest investment the

churches. At Santee, Nebraska, both stronger in the Christian faith. The a Senior and a Junior Society are young men felt the inspiration of doing good work. It has given to this visit to such an extent, that they the young Indians the essential idea practically committed themselves to of service, and of the help-one-an- preparing for Christian work among other fellowship. their own people in their several denominations. Among the Sioux Christians so newly won from paganism, eight of The need of larger medical servthe descendants of the first Chris- ice under Christian auspices is being tian families of the Dakota Mission more strongly imprest upon the have entered the Gospel ministry. friends of the Indians, as the dire Twenty-one Sioux have been or- conditions existing on the reservadained in the Presbyterian Church. tions are revealed. Of 42,000 In- dians examined last year for eye The Y. M. C. A. was first or- diseases, r6 per cent. had trachoma ganized among the Sioux by Thomas of a contagious character,' and of Wakeman, a son of Chief Little 40,000 examined, 6,800 had tuber- Crow. Dr. Charles Eastman served culosis. Even on the desert of for several years as a field secretary Arizona, on the Colorado River for the Indian Associations. There reservation, 20 per cent. had tuberare one hundred organizations among culosis, and of 7,000 Dakota Indians six tribes, and in fifteen Indian on the Pine Ridge reservation, 25 schools. There are now over forty- per cent. are tubercular. five organizations in South Dakota. The health conditions, and the In connection with Haskell Insti- study of the preventable and curable tute, the Y. M. C. A. inaugurateu diseases among the Indians, are relast winter a most successful experi- ceiving new attention. Among the ment of sending a deputation of more than roo,ooo members of the Indian young men for Gospel work Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, on the reservations during the about one-third are full bloods or Christmas vacation. It was arranged three-fourths Indian blood, living in for four of the leading Association remote sections of the country among workers at Haskell. under the per- the hills and hollows, far from civilsonal guidance of the secretary, Mr. ization, many of them not speaking G. Elmer E. Lindquist, to hold evan- any English. Until the last two gelistic meetings under the mission years, nothing along the line of health board on the Potawatomi Reserva- improvement had been done for tion. These carefully selected young these people. Trachoma, tubercumen went to the reservation, and by losis and epidemic diseases had their Christian life, and strong testi- raged among them, and conditions mony of the power of Christ 'in their were primitive in the extreme. Onelives, upheld the hands of the faith- or two-room cabins were the rule, ful missionary who has been work- arid from six to twelve members of ing there, and brought such an ap- a family would live in one of these peal before the Indians that over little unsanitary homes. The per~ fifty-four signified their desire to centage of trachoma ranges from 60 lead a Christian life or to be

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

to 85 per cent. among those exam- "We have come to realize through ined in the country of the Five contact with workers of other races, Civilized Tribes. that the greatest need of the Indian to- day is Christian civilization: that the A great and growing evil among solving of the Indian problem lies in the Indians, is the peyote drug habit, the fact that the Indian must be not only or the mescal, as it is called. educated but led to accept the Son of God and the Savior of the world as his Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, when chief personal Savior. chemist of the United States, made analyses and experimentations of the "We also realize that this can be done use of mescal, and says that this drug more effectively by Indian students who has no special value as a medical are imbued with the spirit of Christ, and agent, but is not hing but an evil." who are ready and willing to evangeli~e their own people in this generation. A godly native ministry is the principal thing to be hoped for, and "We, therefore, offer ourselves and worked for in the next decade. The our services to teach our Indian brothers building up of a church under strong and sisters, the Way, the Truth, and the native leadership is our present duty Life of Jesus Christ." if we expect to protect the young Indian against his own tribal super- The Indian Church should be destitions and against the vices of the veloped along the lines characteristic white man's civilization. Dr. Wil- of the Red Men and their racial liam Hanna exprest the truth traits. Even as we preserve their which needs to be imprest upon the native wares and patterns, so the Indian Christians to-day: "Origin- ecclesiastical development of the Inally the Church of Christ was one dian should be Indian in type. The large company of missionaries of Red Man is not to become an imitathe Cross, each member feeling that tion pale face. to him a portion of the great task of evangelizing the world was com- Need of Sunday-schools mitted, and it will be just in proportion as the community of the The Indian populations of the faithful, through all its parts, in all United States offer a neglected field its members, comes to recognize this of opportunity for Sunday-school to be its function, and attempts to missionary effort. Where churches execute it that the e~pansive power and mission stations have been esthat once belonged to the Church tablished among the Indians, it is will return again." estimated that about one-third of the congregations have no Sunday- The Indian delegates to the Stu- schools for the children and youth. dent Volunteer Convention held in Further than this, the schools that Kansas City in January 1914, have been established generally lack adopted this significant resolution: system and method, no teacher train- ing or normal instruction being fur- "We desire to express our apprecia- nished, and literature especially tion and gratitude for the work that has adapted to the conditions and needs and is being done among our people by of Indians being almost unknown. the Christian workers from the various In parts of Oklahoma and North denominations. Dakota, conventions have been held

and one District Superintendent is fields among the denominations. If reported. the districting of the fields among the churches in countries like the The supply of illustrated literature Philippines and Mexico has proven of a simple character suitable for a wise plan, there is every reason use among the Indians, is a need in Home Mission service, and in almost untouched as yet. Most of providing for tribes speaking various the tribe have no written language. languages, that the arrangement of The various spoken tongues and comity should be secured and the dialects are comprised under fifty- greatest amount of work be accomseven different linguistic stocks. The plished with the forces available. Navajos, numbering 28,000, are now The grouping of the tribes along the for the first time getting Christian lines of ethnologic and linguistic reliterature in their own language. So, lations gives the basis for wise planat first literature in English only ning and division of the fields. could be attempted, and the workers in the field would by interpreters The whole undertaking needs to and translators adapt this to local be placed upon a statesmanlike basis. use. The Indian mind and heart The Indians are principally on resermust be approached largely through vations. Later they will be scatthe eye gate, and nature illustrations, tered. The door of opportunity is picture rolls, and cards could be em- open now. A concise program of ployed to great advantage. These action calls the Church will be prized in the homes and should be of a high-class, above the To speedily evangelize the 45,000 average wall-roll or chromo now Indians of our Christian land who being issued. Christianity as a "re- have no missionaries or church orvealed religion"-the religion of "the ganizations ; Book"-must . be presented to a people inclined to hold on to their To enlarge the number and capnature worship, to pagan practises acity of Christian schools where the ana the rites of heathen priests. Bible is taught daily, and the atmos- The Sunday-school is a prime agency phere of the school is that of the for accomplishing this transforma- Christian home; tion. As the Indian is fond of camp meetings and pow-wows, district con- To establish an industrial and inferences, and Sunday-school insti- stitutional work for the neediest tutes in connection with conventions tribes, and to employ Christian lay now organized in almost all missions workers, field mlsslOnaries and of the churches could be held. housekeepers to improve the material conditions and the home life of the It is essential that there be a care- Indians; ful outlining of missionary operations, and the extension of the work To encourage the Indians everymore effectively and without waste. where in America to adjust them- This will reveal also the need of selves to the new conditions and cooperation and a division of the strange relations into which they have been forced, and to help them, under God, to work out their own sal- vation and destiny in American life.

A RELTGIOUS CAR OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH FOR USE IN RUSSIA AND

Chapel Cars In Russia BY L. LODIAN, NEW YORK Formerly an Engineer for the Trans·Asiatic Railrood E hear about chape1- Russia. Certain Christian philan- thropists in America and England mW ~ cars in America, but might well invest in as well-equipped few know that on the church-cars for mission work in trans-Siberian railroad pioneer fields. …… the Greek C h u r c h uses several elaborate The Slav seems to be comparatraveling church-cars. There are tively indifferent to other religions probably not less than twenty of than his own. He is sure, of course, these cars in use at the present time, that his is "the best," and is willing as the Russ is using them not alone that others should hold the same throughout Siberia, but on the trans- opinion of their beliefs. The Russ Manchuria-Mongolia branches, on calls himself a npaboc;labhi (prothe Kabkaz railroads of central Asia, nounced prabo-cIabni) meaning literand now, along the war-zones, for ally, a "right-faithist" or "orthodox." the use of the priests who go ~ith He does not even call himself a the rearguard of the army. No "krictiaH (the Russian small-capital other copy of the accompanying pic- FI has the sound of n), pronounced ture of "Religon on Wheels" has, I "kric;tianin," or Christian. For one believe, been taken out of Russia. to call himself just a Christian in Russia, is to class himself as a There are no other church-cars · 111 factionist, bordering on fanaticism. the world so ornate as these in

Sisters In South

Rev. Gerard J. Schilling, D.D., a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has, at our request, written a brief criticism of the article on "Women's Rights and Women's Wrongs in South America," in the August number of the REVIEW. As a resident for many years in several of the republics mentioned in the article. he dissents from many of the generalizations which give an erroneous impression because of their one-sided statements. He continues: "Na one is more in sympathy than I am with the final appeal of the writer, 'take the South American sisters into your hearts, and do something to give them the Gospel; but it does not seem. fair to leave the impression that this appeal is based simply upon the conditions stated. Similar conditions exist in London or in N ew York City, where factory girls sin because of unhealthy moral conditions in crowded factories, as well as in Buenos Aires. The unfortunate ones in the Argentine are to a very large degree foreigners."

EW people in the Uni- of these women have already lived immoral lives at home, and the mF ted States know much abominable white slave traffic, altho about immigration into at last greatly restricted, does surely exist. Argentine. In the year But who are these unfortunate . 1913 the total immi- women? South Americans, all but the very smallest fraction 01 them, gration into Bu~nos are European women, Poles, French, Russians, yes, and English too. A Aires was 327,446 persons. Among number of them also are Jews-to my surprize. These do not reflect these were 122,271 Spanish; 114,252 upon the character of the South American woman. Having studied Italians; 4,317 Austrians; 4,696 this problem, I doubt whether Buenos Aires, that Babel of nations, French, and 18,626 Russians. The is worse in that respect than Paris or Berlin. statistics report that the women num- The lack of restraint among the bered 86,176, and the majority of young men in the cities, men who congregate at the corners of the . them were unmarried. About one streets and pass remarks such as "Que linda!" "Que bonita la nena!" thousand of them are classed as "Que gorda, che!" (being translated, "How nice!" "What a lovely girl!" artists, a term which includes vaude- "Look at that stout one, fellows !") makes it unpleasant for women to ville, circus and show performers; go out alone, especially at dusk or in the dark. But does not that re- 7,132 were registered as cooks; 9,387 flect upon the men rather than upon the women? If the latter liked that as seamstresses; 2,425 as dress- makers; 3,127 as weavers; 7,059 as laundresses; 23,742 as servants (male and female, but predominantly female), and 12,652 women, not children, were registered as "without profession." Is it any wonder that there is much immorality in Buenos Aires, when such a stream of women of doubtful reputation at' home, stimulated to emigrate because of unsatisfactory conditions in Europe, pours into that city in one year? It is a saddening truth that a number sort of thing, they would not find the illiteracy from which that confault with it, would rather seek it tinent has emerged, or even compare than shun it. it with the state of education in some of the provinces of Spain There are congested and crowded to-day. Argentine and Chile have conventillos in Buneos Aires or San- splendid educational facilities, and tiago; yet they are not as bad as other republics are following in the similar hovels in Hester Street, New wake. In Buenos Aires there are York, or in the East End of London. forty-seven schools for the higher For years I have been pastor in education for women and sixty-two Buenos Aires and in Santiago, yet I elementary schools for girls. have failed to see there tenement THE MISSION SCHOOL AND PART OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION IN ROSARIO, ARGENTINE conditions as bad as in New York, Ponder also the following figures: Liverpool, Naples, or Rangoon. In in the different schools of Buenos my thirteen years of labor in South Aires there are 3,905 regular teach- America I have not, in all that time, ers, 3,295 of whom are women; seen as many drunken women, as in there are 696 special professors, 648 Glasgow in one afternoon. of whom are women. Buenos Aires is Argentine, as Paris is France. The facts are, that South Ameri- Thus it is the women shape the educan women have made wonderful cation of the people of Argentine. strides toward emancipation. Do not forget that only one hundred years In the commercial offices women have passed since the first cry for are the stenographers and women independence' from Europe was operate the telephone exchanges. It raised in South America. Think of has taken the European war to dis~

cover what excellent street-car con- lender to the middle class, and while ductors women make in England and it is true that she has no book Germany, while Chile has had them knowledge (often because of the lack for years. I have never seen one of literature that interests her), she of these prim conductoresses, with can keep accounts with the accuracy their uniform hat and white apron, of the Chetty of Madras.

insulted all the while I lived in Ve must take the climate into ac- Santiago. count when we judge of things per- And what excellent mothers the taining to the women of Brazil or Argentine and Chilean women make. Paraguay, or Colombia. The heat Their fault lies on the side of over- . tends to laziness and the long siesta much care and restriction of their helps to prolong the time for eve- daughters. Social standards and ning entertainments. If girls are society manners and customs are, of married at an age which seems to course, different from our Anglo- Northerners shockingly young, we Saxon type, but we could learn must not lose sight of the fact that many things from our polite and physical' maturity takes place at an iormal Southern sisters. Whoever earlier epoch in the life of the has lived some years in Argentine Southern girl.

and has an unbiased mind will As superintendent over several agree that the Argentine woman is girls' schools, and by my observation a home-lover, a careful protector of of normal schools in other republics her daughters and a true wife. If of South America, I have come to anyone is to be blamed for lax moral the conclusion that the "Sister in the conditions, blame the men, who too South" is a bright scholar, a splendid often fail to appreciate the sacrifice needlewoman, a lover of her family and the true affection the carefully and, when married, is a queen in her guarded young bride brings to her own home. .What she needs to fully new home when married into sur- develop her fine traits is the Gospel roundings and experiences absolutely of Jesus Christ, in its simplicity and new to her, not by her own fault. purity, which she does not know.

N or is this promising state of When once she knows Him and the things to be found in the more ad- power of His resurrection, she will vanced of the Southern Republics soon give up the confessional and only, where we have women' as her rosary and let the saints alone.

physicians, lawyers and public school In the churches which I have served teacl'lers. The most independent as pastor, the women were among the woman in the world is the Bolivian most faithful members of the con- ChoIa; she is the merchant of the gregation.

Capital; she presides over her store South-American women are not or stores; she combines with the sinners above all others. They act other women in fixing daily the as all others act who have not the prices for the vegetable market. I Gospel of Christ preached unto them, was shaved in Uyuni by a woman but they are racially, intellectually, who owned and operated a barber- and by natural disposition our shop. The Chola is often the money- "Sisters of the South."

A Clinic in Comparative

EXPERT EXPERIMENTAL TESTIMONY AS TO BUDDHISM AND CHRISTIANITY BY ROBERT E. SPEER,* NEW YORK g.T HE clinic was held in western Christians who have learned ~ Tap Teang in the prov- Buddhism only from books or by o ince of Trang, Mon- eastern Buddhists who have either than of Puket, in ,the not studied Christianity at all or ~ lower peninsula of have derived their knowledge of it Siam. The partici- only from nominal Christians. pants sat in the broad passageway that ran through the missionary's Only a few steps away from house, and served as dining-room, re- where we sat was a Buddhist wat ception room, and library. It was with its shed of Buddhist images, the hot season, and the 'tropical sun its palm-thatched house of priests was blazing without. Across the and novices and its wat school for lawn was the jungle from which the the boys of the village. Some of the tropical birds were calling. Pine- priests in their picturesque yellow apples, cocoanuts, pomegranates and robes passed by on the jungle road, a score of fruits were ripening in with their chelas bearing their rice the garden. Village people and bowls after them: For centuries lonely dwellers in the forest passed upon centuries the influence of Budsilently by with their burdens in a dhism had lain upon the land and the many-colored stream of life on the clinic was held against a background road by the jungle edge. of reality.

The clinic was in the nature of We began with the question: a comparative study of the power of "What did you not find in Buddhism Christianity and Buddhism to meet that you have found in Christianity? human need. It was not an academic Vas this discovery the actually comstudy from a distance of ten thou- pelling reason for your acceptance of sand miles. The participants were the Christian faith?" men who had been brought up in Buddhism, and who kn:c'v it thor- Loop made the first reply. He oughly from within. They had was a short, shy man who had been honestly tried its Way and have now for seven years in the Buddhist as honestly tried Christianity and priesthood. For all these years, he have known it also from within. said, he had felt the need of a They were, therefore, able to make Savior. That need Buddhism had such an intelligent and authoritative not met and had not profest to comparison as can not be made by meet. Buddha succeeded only in saving himself and frankly told his disciples that he could not presume * Dr. Speer is now on his way home frem a journey to Eastern As:atic m:ssions.

to save anyone else-that every man upon that gave him security for his must be his own savior. How, in- salvation. He had no consciousness deed, could Buddha save or help? that the merit which he was accumu- The salvation which he himself had lating would wipe away his sin. He sought and attained was annihilation could make no satisfactory calculain Nirvana. How then could he aid tions that this was the fact. those who were still struggling in the toils of life? There could be no His Buddhist longing for a guaraccess to Buddha since Buddha him- anty of the perpetual remembrance self had ceased to exist. of his good deeds was, however, met by Christ's assurance that He would Loop said that he came to realize personally remember even a cup of that his Buddhist prayers reached cold water given in His name. no one. An extinguished Buddha Buddha had given no such assurcould not hear them and the Bud~ ance. How could he do so? How dhist doctrine was that there was no could extinction and remembrance god to hear. All that Buddha could consist together? Even on the do he had done. He had left his grounds of securing a man's accuexample and his exhortations. With mulation of merit, Sook's heart had these each man must work out his turned to Christ, for here was a salvation for himself. Therefore, if living Master who would keep a Buddhism is true and Buddha has record in His personal remembra"nce. attained extinction by his Way, there "That remembrance could there be is no saving help from him for man. with the dead master with whom If, on the other hand, there is Buddhism bade his heart be content? such saving help from him, and if He knew of no memory but person'll he can hear and answer prayer, memory and that was precisely what then Buddhism is false and Buddha Buddhism did not provide. has not attained the end he sought. Christianity also offered in many Not to salvation, but to despair, places, of which John 3: r6 was one, had Buddhism led the heart of Loop. a true and living Savior from Sill. But with joy and deliverance he There was none such in Buddhism. learned of the living Savior, Jesus It knew absolutely nothing outside of Christ, by whom, as the present and oneself that could take away sin. accessible power of God, he ob- The only escape must be by the tained a salvation that is real now sinner's own deeds and in proportion and is rich with abounding and to the inexorable profit and loss aceternal significance forever. count of his acts. But in Christianity the sin was taken clean away and The second to make answer was atoned for. The loftier thought of Sook, who also had for years been salvation was also accompanied by a in the Buddhist priesthood. He pro- deeper view of sin. In Buddhism ceeded to contrast his present Chris- he had never felt that he was a tian experience with the opposite ex- sinner against Buddha and there was perience of his life in the wat. In no god against whom to sin. He was the first place he said that he had a sinner because he had sinned formerly had no assurance of faith. against himself or broken the law There was nothing that he could rest

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

and the law itself had been to him had to the Christian Trinity and of only a human way and not a Divine the love and help and saving power will. and eternal hope which they had brought to him. He only added that In Christianity he saw sin in pro- Buddha had never imprest him as founder significances of which Bud- the owner of his life, nor had he ever dhism, with its deadening interpreta- regarded him as a providence thinktion, could not conceive. ing and caring for his life. He looked now to Jesus Christ as his The third to speak was Choon. personal proprietor and the guide of He had been a novice in the wat but his way and the complete sovereign had not entered the full priesthood. of his soul. Jesus, moreover, in a He had come to the mission hospital whole realm of being strange to suffering with pleurisy and, altho the Buddha, had made atonement for his medical missionary was away on fur- sin and had taken it far away. lough, the missionary nurse had been bold to operate to save his life and The Chinese Laundryman he was up and about now, tho still needing to carry in his body the The clinic was interrupted at this drain for his disease. point, grea,tly to its enrichment by the visit of the Chinese laundryman Choon had been taught Buddhism of Tap Teang, Kuon Luing-"Sunny from his earliest childhood and was Jim" the missionaries call him-and only a child now in the Christian he came in like a sunburst with his faith, but the contrast which imprest genial smile and irrepressible, conhim most was between the Trinity tagious laughter. He had been for of Buddhism and the Trinity of sixteen years in America and had Christianity. In Buddhism the been baptized as a Christian in the Trinity consists of Buddha, the three Greene Avenue Baptist Church ·in Baske~s of the Law, and the Priest- Brooklyn. After returning to southhood. With two of these three ern China he had come in the great Choon had been well acquainted. immigrant invasion of the Malay The Baskets of the Law he had peninsula. He had found his way studied and the third party of the to Trang and then inland through Trinity was made up of his neigh- the jungle to Tap Teang. He was bors. But the first person of the himself an incarnate treatise on com- Buddhist Trinity he could not know, parative religion. Whoever wished and with him he could have no con- to compare Christianity and Budtact at all. dhism needed only to look at Kuon Luing and his neighbors. His life Cut off from any help from bore witness to the light of the Buddha, could the Law or the Priest- knowledge of the glory of God which hood help him? No help whatever shone in the face of Jesus Christ. had they ever given him and no help His pride in his two children, not his could they ever give. They had no boy only-that would have been ineternal life for him here, and when telligible-but in his older daughter he died there was no help that they also, was in itself the manifestation. could offer in the world to come..

Choon said that he need not speak in .contrast of the access which he

of a new social principle in the com- The Buddhist Idea of God munity. All these were answers to the in- A Chinese Coolie Evangelist quiry as to what there is in Chris- tianity which had living and. drawing When Kuon Luing had gone, both power to them, and why Bljddhism taking away and leaving behind the left them unsatisfied. The answers light of his countenance, Ah Toon seemed to reduce themselves to a spoke. The other three had been flat charge of atheism against their Siamese, but Ah Toon was a Chinese. old Buddhist thought. To clear up He had been originally Dr. Dunlap's this point we asked whether they coolie and then his cook, but his were prepared to stand by this quick intelligence, his true life and charge. What had they actually earnest faith had commended him thougfut of God in their old Bud- for the evangelistic work which he dhist days? It soon appeared that was now doing with steadily in- their Buddhism had been a logical creasmg power. atheism but that it had never been Buddhism, said he, is a thoroughly able to extirpate the fundamental worldly religion. There is nothing faith of the human heart in God.

heavenly about it either in its origin We also asked if that faith had or in the offers which it makes to avenged itself against Buddha by the human heart. It does not lay making him the god whose existence claim to any divine origin. Buddha he had denied?

plainly declared that he was only a Loop replied that he knew that man, that he had discovered his doc- Buddha was not God, for Buddha trine for himself. All the concep- had, as a matter of fact, worshiped tions of the religion are earthly con- gods, outside of himself. But Loop ceptions. It has none but earthly said that he knew that as a Buddhist springs from which the thirsty can he had no thought of God and had drink. Christianity, on the other not regarded Buddha as God, for hand, has come down from above. Its Buddha had died and attained ex- central principle, the atonement, its tinction, so that he could not be God.

central doctrine, the cross, has not And yet Loop said that he must add been conceived by men nor come that when he was in the priesthood from man. The offers which it now he had a vague idea of a great makes to men are offers of life and author of his life, and at times he had strength in God. Here notably the vaguely worshiped Him and prayed words of ] ohn's Gospel are true to Him as "Most Gracious Father."

of Christianity in its contrast with Loop and the other men thought Buddhism, "No man has ascended that both in the temples and in com- up to heaven, but he that came down mon life the Siamese people have from heaven even the Son of Man this dim idea of a universal and which is in heaven; He that cometh benevolent fatherly providence, from above is above all. He that is greatly obscured by Buddhism and of the earth is earthly and speaketh its images, but indestructible and as- of the earth. He that cometh· from serting itself in times of trouble and heaven IS above all." distress. The idea did not come

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

from Buddhism, for it lay behind occasionally forced themselves for- Buddhism and could not be recon- ward and that the thought of God ciled to it. In times of storm in the needed by the soul is associated in northeast monsoon, along the Gulf of the minds of the common people with Siam, the sailors often fall on their the images of Buddha. They said that, faces and, forgetting their Buddhism, by the ironical judgment of time, the call aloud, "0 most Gracious Father, great teacher himself who discarded still this tempest," or "0 most God, has been punished by deifica- Gracious Father send a favoring tion and in ten thousand temples wind." men kneel down before his own image for a worship which he had Ah Toon said that this thought taught them is destitute of meaning had not been as strong with him and of power. before his contact with the Siamese as it had been since, and that he be- The Impress of Christ lieved it came from a strain in Siamese thought closely akin to the The character of Christ fills so ideas of natural religion in the West. necessary and effective a place in Christian apologetics at home, and The influence of the late king, has of late years filled so large a Chulalongkom, who accepted many place in missionary apologetics 011 Christian ideas, promoted phraseol- the foreign field, and in the study of ogies in official addresses recognizing the relations of Christianity and the a divine personal providence. During non-Christian religions, that we the journey of General Grant around asked this little group in Tap Teang the world, the King had said to him what elements in Christ's character as he was leaving Siam: "May the most imprest their minds and hearts, one who is supreme in all the uni- especially in comparison with the verse and who controls in the affairs character of Gautama. of men and who governs the elements guard, keep, and defend you in your We were greatly surprized to have. journeyings." them deliberately pass by the direct point of our inquiry. It turned out Dr. Dunlap believes that such lan- that it was not the human character guage, often repeated by the 'King, of Jesus which interested them at all encouraged the ideas of natural re- but his meaning for their experience ligion. He quoted an oath of office as a present supernatural Redeemer taken by judges in one of the crimi- and Lord. These aspects of Christ nal courts, running: "Buddha, the as an etern;l!ly efficient and saving Scriptures and the Priesthood and person fiIled all their horizon and the One who is supreme in the uni- they were not specially interested in verse who knows the hearts of all letting Him down to the level of the men, who is present with all men, man Gautama and comparing the two who knows the deeds of all men, be in their earthly lives. And yet now witness to me that in taking this ap- that they were put to it, the compointed office I should discharge all parison interested them, altho they my duties in truth and fidelity." would not have thought of attaching much importance to it. The men in conference thought that true ideas like these only

"The conception of Christ's char- Jesus supplied it." Upon being reacter which appeals to me," said minded of the two contrasted say- Loop, "is the New Testament doc- ings-Buddha's, "I am no man's sertrine of Him as the creator of all vant"; and Christ's, "I am in the things, showing the wisdom and midst of you as one that serveth," beneficence of His character in the Choon answered, "Yes, those sayings creation. I like also the thought of are both true." Jesus as the 'Light of the world,' enlightening men spiritually and "To me," said Ah Toon, "this is shedding a great brightness upon the the great contrast-the confidence soul. But the supreme reason for and assurance of Jesus against my belief in Jesus and my loyal at- Buddha's uncertainty. It is said that tachment to Him is the Cross. The Buddha taught the way to heaven Cross and its revelation of the char- but all he did was to exhort men to acter of Christ distinguish Him from acquire merit. I do not believe that all other gods that I have heard of, he ever assured his disciples that he and Christ's dying for sinners is or they had attained the heavenly superior to anything that I have way. Jesus, on the other hand, said: heard asserted in any other religion." "I am the Way . . . I go to pre- pare a place for you . . . Whither I "Jesus' life on earth," said Soak, go ye know and the way ye know." "far transcended the life of Buddha. The latter was all centered in him- These were all simple men, unself, while Christ's life did not center trained in any western school. They in Himself. He went about doing had never read and could not read good to others and meeting human an English book. They did not need. This attracted me to Jesus. possess a single commentary or ex- And yet white Jesus helped people pository volume in their own lanwhom He met, this would never have guage, but they had learned from the saved mankind or me. The trans- New Testament and from their own cending thing is that Christ, in order hearts where the "center of gravity" to save man, laid down His life for in Christianity is to be found, and sin. Buddha did nothing to save by their own instinct and under the men except to teach them what he leadership of the missionary teaching believed to be the way in which they which they had received, they went might save themselves." straight to "one of the most promi- nent and enviable characteristics of "Buddha, in walking over the the New Testament religious life." world," said Choon, "met misery and fled from it. Jesus met it, endured Professor Denney describes it in it, and miraculously helped it. He his volume on II. Corinthians in the did not abhor the sight of suffering. Expositor's Bible: "Christ is on It appealed to him and he went to His throne and His people are exrelieve it. I think there is a good alted and victorious in Him. When deal of similarity of teaching be- we forget Christ's exaltation in our tween Buddha and Christ, but their study of His earthly life-when we inner principles were fundamentally are so preoccupied, it may even be different. Buddha begged bread, so fascinated, with what He was, that we forget what He is-when,

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

in other words, a pious historical "I love Him so much," answered imagination takes the place of a one, "and my heart is so loyal to living religious faith–that victorious Him that I am ready to die for consciousness is lost and in a most Him." essential point the image of the Lord is not reproduced in the believer. "Yes," we suggested, "but that is This is why the Pauline point of talk of an experience not real to view-if indeed it is to be called you. What is He to you in the ex- Pauline and not simply Christian- perience that is actually real?" is essential. Christianity is a religion, not merely a history, tho it "All I can say," was his reply, "is should be the history told by Mat- that no other presence is more disthew, Mark and Luke; and the tinctly with me." chance of having the history itself appreciated for religion is that He "I am sure," said another, "that I who is its subject shall be contem- often see Him in my heart." plated, not in the dim distance of the past but in the glory of His heavenly "As for me," said a third, "surely reign and that He shall be recognized His presence is true and to bring to not merely as one who lived a per- Him all of life is an experience unfect life in his own generation, but as known in Buddhism." the giver of life eternal by His spirit to all who turn to Him. The Church "The only way I know," said the will always be justified, while re- fourth, "is the way of fellowship by cognizing that Christianity is a his- faith, of life through death." torical religion in giving prominence not to its historicity, but to what These men did not know a great makes it a religion at all-namely the deal of Christianity, if by "a great present exaltation of Christ. This deal" we mean masses of facts or involves everything and determines, systems of doctrine, but if we have as St. Paul teIls us, the very form in mind the core and inward prinand spirit of her own life." ciple and saving grasp then they knew a great deal. It is possible Fellowship With Christ that we might have found that they knew much more if the confer- This quotation was in our minds ence had not ended then with the as we asked our friends one last coming of a Christian woman from question: "In what forms or in a distant village to bring a present what modes do you have fellowship of mangoes to the visitors from afar. with this living Christ?" She was a woman whose father, fifty years ago, had groped his way from Buddhism toward God through looking at the wonder of the human hand which God had made.

"The difference between a life without Christ and a life with Christ is the rlifference between ebb and flood-the one is growing emptier, and the other is growing fulIer."-CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL.

and Islam*

BY THE REV. H. U. WEIBRECHT, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAND Formerly a missionary in India IDT HE present European war the only important Moslem state that found the Mohammedan has remained quasi-independent. Her world with a population Sultan claims to be the Khalifa, or suc- estimated at 201 mil- cessor of the Prophet, and over a large lions, of whom ninety part of the Moslem world his claim is and a half millions were allowed, or at the least he is regarded under British, thirty-five millions under as the leader of the Faithful. True, Russian and French rule, and forty-one the Sultan no longer governs, but only and a half millions under other Western reigns, while his policy is dictated by a governments, chiefly the Dutch. Of the camarilla which has little enough in remaining thirty-four millions, about common with the beliefs and ideals of eighteen millions were subjects of the the average Moslem. But this condition Ottoman Empire. of things is as yet little known and hardly at all realized by the illiterate The Crisis in Turkey mass of the Mohammedan world. What effect, then, is this action of Turkey Great Britain and her allies thus rule likely to have on the attitude of Mosover a preponderant majority of the lems to Christian Powers, and to the world's Moslems (126 out of 201 mil- Christian faith and its teachers? It is lions). The leaders of this great mass the latter question which specially conhave loyally espoused the cause of their cerns us here. Western rulers; hundreds of thousands of Moslems are fighting in the ranks of To answer it we must take into acthe Allied armies, and so far it seems count the place of the Turkish power in likely that the mass of these populations the history of Islam. From the first a will follow, actively or passively, the faith and a polity in one, Islam derived lead that has been given. On the whole, both its origin and its character from they have been well treated; they expe- Arabia, and for many centuries its Kharience greater justice and better protec- lifas (Caliphs), the temporal successors tion than under former governors; their of Mohammed, were Arabs. material prosperity has increased; they enjoy full religious freedom; and they With sundry fluctuations the tide of stand to lose rather than to gain by a Turkish dominion has ebbed from the change of Western rulers. Danube valley, the Balkan peninsula, Greece, Crete, the JEgean Sea, Cyprus, N ow, however, Turkey-yielding to Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt, till, with the exlong pressure-has intervened on the ception of Constantinople and Adrianoside of the Austro-German coalition. To· pie, the Turkey of 1914 is an Asiatic those who had hoped that a new and power only. Now she has staked this progressive Turkey might emerge from remnant of empire on the hazard of war the recent revolution this is a profound which she might well have avoided. disappointment, for it involves nothing less than the strong probability of her The Turks and Their Religion entire dissolution. At present Turkey is The organization of the Ottoman Em- (with the doubtful exception of Persia) pire from the very first has been that of a military class, ruling over a medley * From The Church Missionary Rev1eu'. of subject races. Even now the pro- macy, and carried on by internal moveportion of Turks to other nationalities ments toward enlightenment and reform. in the Empire is not much more than During that time various regulations for half, and before the loss of the Euro- reform had been issued, and tho none pean and African provinces it was much was entirely operative, and some scarceless. This difference between the mili- ly at all, the mere fact of their promultary and official classes and the com- gation marked some advance. Despite paratively pure-bred peasantry may reactions of the old party, such as the partly account for the very varying es- terrible massacres at Adana, the movetimates made of the Turkish character. ment as a whole is bound to go on. But in what form the life of Turkey will In religious belief the Turkish Mos- emerge from the present melting-pot, lems are mainly Sunnis; that is to say, who can tell? they belong to the great majority of Moslems who revere the first four Kha- The Turkish Races lifas and follow the sunnat or custom of Mohammed, embodied in the Tradi- The uncertainty is greatly increased tions, as the complement of the Koran. by the unassimilated condition of the The Sufi, or mystic school, is represented races which compose the Turkish Emby the durvish orders. These include pire as it now stands. Reliable census those known as the "dancing" and the returns are non-existent, and one result "howling" durvishes, whose exercises of the late Balkan wars has been a conare in reality less grotesque than their siderable shifting of Christian and Mussobriquet seems to imply. The dancing sulman population to westward and eastis a form of ecstatic devotion not unlike ward. that of David, which called forth the disapproval of Michal. Among the no- The bulk of the Moslem population is mad Tatars in the central highlands of rather more than one-half of the total. Asia Minor, quasi-sacramental rites are But among the Moslems there is a cleavobserved which seem like remnants of age between the Arab element and the former Christianity. The Druzes of the rest. The Turkish dominion in Arabia Lebanon and the Yazidis of the Mosul extends on the west through a strip district represent heretical and idola- on the shores of the Red Sea, and on trous departures from Islam accom- the east through another strip by the panied by secret rites and teachings. desert, and part way down the Persian Gulf. The western strip includes the A military rule must have an abso- central sanctuaries of Islam at Mecca lute head, and such the Sultan has been and Medina, and extends to an uncersince the days of Othman 1. till the con- tain distance south of them. As de facto stitution of 1909 was introduced. A guardian of these religious centers, tocheck on his arbitrary power was pro- gether with that of Jerusalem, Turkey vided by the law of Islam as interpreted .s the leader of the Moslem world; Qut by the 'ulama or divines, at whose head the claim of the Sultan to the Khalafat is the Shaikhu'l Islam (Elder or Doyen is strongly disputed by Arab divines and of Islam). His fatwa or legal opinion many others, on the ground that by unhad to be obtained before the Sultan, doubted traditions of the faith the Kha- 'Abdul Majid, could be deposed. Iifa must belong to Mohammed's own tribe, the Quaraish, which, of course, the The revolution of 1908 seemed to be Turkish Sultan does not. A large part the crowning-point of a liberalizing of Arabia repudiates not only his claim movement which had been going on in to the Khalafat, but also Ottoman rule, Turkey for a century, initiated by the pressure of European opinion and diplo-

and III the nominally subject parts re- tamia, and Armenia, and represent in sistance is frequent. lineal descent the ancient churches of those regions. The constant struggle to The Tatars and Kurds are partly maintain the existence of their faith and settled, partly nomad, and it is the latter community under the ceaseless pressure element especially which harries its of Moslem domination has excluded Christian neighbors in the uplands of from their view the idea of evangelizing Mesopotamia. The Turks are mainly the Moslem. Even now, the nominal redivided between the upper classes, con- moval of the death penalty for renunsisting of military and civil officials and ciation of Islam has but slightly affected landowners, and the peasantry, a fru- the official and social forces which miligal, hospitable, and generally quiet, tho tate against conversion to Christianity. backward, race. The professional and Jn addition to the ancient churches there mercantile classes are largely Chris- .s now a considerable Protestant comtians; but the. spread of education from munity, gathered in the course of last the West, especially through the Ameri- century almost entirely through accescan missionary coIleges, is modifying sions from the Eastern churches. In these conditions. The Greeks live chiefly this work American missionaries have along the coast of Asia Minor, but also taken a leading part. The w{)rk of enin some parts of the interior; they sup- lightenment and reform has been slow ply to a large extent the trading ele- and opposed by many conservative inment. The Armenians in the northeast fluences, so that Eastern Christians who of Asia Minor on the borders of the could not find the supply of their spiri- Caucasus represent an ancient and tual needs in their own communion mighty kingdom, the remnants of which naturally gravitated elsewhere. Efforts are now divided between Turkey anrl like that of the Archbishop's Mission to Russia in the proportion of five-eighths the Assyrian Church have helped to eduto three-eighths. It is here that the Rus- cate and strengthen them against the insian and Turkish forces are contending roads of Islam. The Protestant churches for the mastery of Erzerum. Arme- have been recognized by the Turkish nians are scattered throughout the Em- government as belonging to a special pire. The Armenians were formerly millat, and their superior level of eduknown as millat i sadiga, "the loyal re- cation, together with the influence of ligion," but the repression by misgov- their missions, has stimulated other ernment of their aspirations and the bodies and helped to raise the status of fearful massacres that have followed Christianity as a whole. Exact figures have made the Armenian a centrifugal as to the different missions and the size element in the Empire. of the Protestant community are not available. The great American colleges Christians in Turkey in Constantinople, Harput, Beirut, and Aintab have profoundly influenced the The Christian churches of the Turkish educated classes of the country, both Empire represent a substantial section of Christian and Moslem. the population, perhaps three-fifths; but their numerous divisions and the deprest The ancient Christian churches and condition in which they have been kept modern missionary work in the Turkish have prevented their exercising a pro- dominions alike call for earnest and perportionate influence in the life and de- severing prayer in the present troubles, Yelopment of the people. They bulk uplifted by good hopes for the future. most largely in Syria, Upper Mesopo-

Liberty In Russia*

A REVIEW OF THE PRESENT SITUATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY BY A. MCCAIG, B.A., LL.D. Chairman of the Russian Evangelization Society . U C H is said about a "New the wives and children on account of the changed habits of husbands and fathers EMI Russia," and we rejoice are things to make glad the hearts of all in every indication of lovers of their kind. movement in the right direction which that Russia a Religious Nation great empire is making. The Tsar's edict forbidding the sale There can be no doubt that this war or manufacture of vodka, Russia's has called out noble qualities of the national and baneful drink, has been welcomed by all right-thinking people; INTERIOR OF RELIGIOUS CAR IN RUSSIA and it has been the regret of not a few that a similar course has not been taken Russian nation. Russia is a religious nain England in relation to the sources of tion, religion and patriotism are indeed intemperance. Undoubtedly Russia has, to a large extent blended together; and in this matter, given a brilliant example the Tsar's' determination to espouse the to the world. The fact that the sale of cause of the weak kindred nation of vodka was a government monopoly made Serbia has had the whole-hearted supits suppression a less complicated meas- port of his vast Empire. The mood of ure than would be a corresponding course the people is very different from that at with Great Britain. But perhaps all the the time of the Japanese war. Then the more on this account, is the Russian conscript soldiers went because they Government to be admired for the cour- must; now all are eager to go. There age and high moral feeling shown in is also a feeling that great good will be deliberately sacrificing a very consider- the outcome of the terrible conflict. able part of the national revenue in the interests' of the nation's welfare. There can be little doubt that the outcome will be a renovating influence upon the life of the nation. The great diminution of crime, with the increased comfort in the home life, has been so marked that the prohibition, which was at first designed to be co-extensive with the duration of the war, has now been made absolute, and the manufacture of the deleterious stuff is altogether abolished. Russians say that the difference is remarkable; the peaceable behavior in the streets, the public-houses empty of loafers and brawlers, the increased efficiency of the workmen, and, above all, the delight of "From The Life of Faith.

Another token for good is the circu- that through closer relation with Westlation of the Scriptures among the sol- ern Powers, Russia may imbibe more of diers. These are eagerly welcomed and the spirit of true freedom, and take a diligently read. This is a feature of more advanced place in the line of true Russian life that has for a- considerable civilization. time been manifest, and has been very cheering to those who have been work- Continued Intolerance ing for the evangelization of the people; for while we endorse the verdict of There is, however, another side of the many observers as to the religious dis- shield, and we are bound to say that we position of the Russian peasant, we must are disappointed at Russia's attitude toremember that this is often a blind feel- ward religious liberty. ing which expresses itself in submission to the rites of the Church and even to When, in 1905, the Tsar issued his superstitious observances, and has often famous Edict of religious toleration, little influence upon the moral life; it great hopes were entertained as to the may be quite consistent with much ignor- res-ults, and undoubtedly much real good ance, immorality, and drunkenness. But has accrued, and the condition of Disthis "hunger for the Word of Life" is senters in Russia is now very different a most hopeful sign. It is one thing to from what it was' formerly. The free the credit of the Orthodox Greek preaching of the Gospel led to a great Church, that she has never withheld the awakening tlf religious life, and the Bible from the people. That is one "hunger for the Word of Life" which thing which makes it so much easier to possest so many found satisfaction. present the Gospel appeal to the Russian Churches sprang up and mUltiplied than to the Roman Catholics. The Brit- everywhere, and great was the joy of all ish and Foreign Bible Society has, with lovers of Gospel freedom. the approval of both Church and State, circulated the Scriptures throughout From the first the liberty given by the Russia, and the manifested eagerness of Tsar was considerably qualified by the the soldiers to possess a copy while at action of individual governors to whom the front is part of the general indica- was committed, the administration, and tion of the people's love for the Word. before long reactionary influences began But as this intensifies, and as the study to make themselves felt, and in many of that Word increases, we may well ways the Tsar's beneficent intentions, hope that a flood-tide of vivifying in- as exprest in the Imperial Ukase, have fluences will be poured through the land. been thwarted. The influence of the Orthodox Greek Church is very great We do not stop to emphasize the in State affairs, and that has continuchange which may have taken place in ously been used to restrict the liberties the political sphere through the estab- of the "Sectarians." lishment of the Duma; no doubt liberty has been promoted thereby, albeit the Last year a measure, which had been Duma is very different from a free Par- long before the Imperial Senate, and liament. Still, it is the beginning of against which the preachers had probetter things, and will, we hope, prove to tested and petitioned, was passed into be "the shadow of good things to come." law. The effect of this is' to restrict The Tsar's proclamation concerning Po- every preacher to his own church and land betokens a desire to grant real poli- make itinerant preaching, which is so tical liberty, which we trust the future important in Russia, where churches are will justify, and we fain cherish the hope scattered and pastors not sufficiently nu- merouS', quite impossible. Notice was given to all the pastors, and they had to sign a paper to the effect that they

LIBERTY IN RUSSIA 77

had read the new law. Pastor Feder Petrograd the provisions of the Tsar's of Petrograd and others at once sent a Edict have been fairly well interpreted, protest. Provincial Governors have been gener- ally, tho there have been honorable ex- Soon afterward, Mr.Fetler was appre- ceptions, inclined to restrictive interprehended at his prayer-meeting, taken to tations and to oppression. Now we fear the police-station, and was confined with that the action taken at Petrograd will other "criminals." Subsequently, the encourage these Provincial Governors police-officer came and told him that if in their oppressive tendency. he would sign a paper to leave Petrograd for Siberia within three days he Another ground for concern is that would meanwhile be allowed to return to while formerly only the Governor of his friends; this he did. Representations a province had the power to deprive a were made on his' behalf, and the sen- pastor of his rights as a minister, a retence was commuted to exile for the du- cently issued order gives that power to ration of the war. (Meanwhile, the the local police authorities. According newspapers began to inquire why Feder to our most recent intelligence, the Powas exiled. The explanation was given lice. Prefect of Petrograd has deprived that the Baptists were connected with Pastor Feder and his assistant, Pastor Germany and under German influence. Neprash, of their rights. The next step One paper announced that FeUer was a was the closing of the Dom Evan- German; another that he was a German gelia altogether. The Lazaret (hosagent. At the same time more than a pital) opened in the Dom by the dozen pastors were sent to Siberia, and Church, and where of late twenty-five SIX churches were closed. wounded soldiers have been regularly cared for, has also been closed! Reactionary Influences at Work It would be a joy to all if the Greek Religious intolerance is the explana- Church were to experience a great spirition of the whole matter. There is only tual quickening; but the plain truth is the beginning of religious freedom in that it does not satisfy the spiritual long- Russia. The Tsar and some of his ad- ings of many of the Tsar's subjects. visers have shown a disposition to foster freedom, but unfortunately the re- Meanwhile, it is clear that whatever actionary influence of the Clerical party evidence there may be of a "new spirit" has made itself felt. in other departments of Russian life, there is little if anything of it seen in Are the Greek Church authorities tak- the sphere of religious liberty; and there ing the opportunity, when the State seems to be justification for the folauthorities are so much occupied with lowing stat~ment from the pen of a the management of the war, to push Russian who has a good knowledge of their own reactionary plans? Is there the situation: "The men who steer the any significance in the fact that the re- ship have no new ideals, no new aims, cent proceedings against Fetler were they are animated by no new spirit! It taken immediately after the Tsar left is the awful, ghastly shadow of Po- Petrograd .for the front? bedonosteff (the late persecuting Ober- Procurator of the Holy Synod) risen It has been a constant complaint of again, fettering anew the hands and feet late years that while in such a center as of liberty for the new Gospel."

It requires much spirituality and much walking with God to see the world through the eyes of Christ.-W. E. DOUGHTY.

Debt to the Negro *

"To give light to them that sit in darkness."-Luke I: 79.

Our forefathers wanted laborers. To supply them the slaver sailed. He bore no cross, he carried no light, when he came to Africa and entered that land of darkness and death. Instead, he brought the yoke. Men, women and children were gathered in gangs. The lifeless bodies of the weak marked the path through the forests and grass to the coast. Their dead swirled in the wake of the slave ship returning to our shores. Those who lived became our slaves. They worked our fields; they bore our burdens. War came. And the children of those who had been stolen and dragged from their homes cared for our homes and protected and supported our defenseless mothers, wives, sisters, and children while the men were away at the front. Great is our debt to them. God help us to pay! We confess- When a negro, untaught by love, but maddened by the inflaming poisons which for a price paid into our government coffers we let men make and sell to them-when one thus crazed commits a crime- The jault, the sin, is ours- The debt grows greater. Father, forbid that Thy children stand idly by while men prey upon the weakness of these to whom we owe so much! Ten millions and more of them are at our doors! What have you done for the negro? Christ died for him. What will you do? Here and there a faithful few are giving their hearts and lives to help Iift this race. But you- Never have you done your share. You should. Begin to-day.

• A missionary message from The Presbyterian of the South, issued by the Executive Com· mittee of Home Missions, Atlanta, Georgia. ~~ ~c:.'11 // DEPADTMENT .~ ! !' '~ …………. ~ . OF ,,' . BEST METHODS ~/ "~………–……/"

11.

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK PRAISE AND THANK-OFFERING MEETINGS ARLY one morning, says~ special time either on a Sabbath or a week-day toward the close of November. ' an old legend, God sent two angels to earth to Many societies testify that these mis- sionary praise meetings are ",the E gather up the prayers of sweetest, most inspiring, most uplifting services of the whole year," and that at I¥l His people. One was to no other time is the offering so large gather the petitions for and so cheerfully given. The women's boards of all denominations supply a blessings desired; the other was to col- wealth of fine material for these meet- ings and there are many appropriate lect expressions of praise and thanks- hymns and poems that will add to their giving for blessings already received, beauty and power.

Long before nightfall the angel who If your society does not hold a misgathered petitions returned with his sionary praise service in November, it would be well to prepare for one withbasket full to the brim. But the thanks- out delay. giving angel, tho he tarried far into the Feasts of Ingathering night in the hope that before men slept they would return thanks for the mercies In Eliot Congregational Church, Newof the day, was obliged to return with ton, Mass" the Woman's Association has held a missionary praise service for his basket almost empty. many years which bears the significant This legend contains a great measure name, "Feast of Ingathering," and is always a delightful occasion. "An anof truth. When our Lord, on the way nual Feast of Ingathering in Novem- ber," says the hand-book of the Assoto Jerusalem, cleansed the ten lepers ciation, "has become an established only one returned to give glory to God. custom, It is given by the Association And too many of us are content to go as a whole' for its two departments of on our way with the nine. Yet no,hing missionary work. Special offerings are sent or brought to the meeting and are so enriches life as a truly thankful spirit. gathered in connection with a service of "Gratitude is not only a thing of beauty," consecration and thanksgiving. These 'says Doctor Charles E. Jefferson, "it is gifts are divided equally between Home a source of power. One of the problems and Foreign Missions excepting in of life is how to increase our stock of special cases where the proportion is otherwise designated." it."

Missionary Praise Meetings It is an established custom in many missionary soCieties (and should be in all) to hold a praise service in November at which a thank-offering is made to God for the blessings of the year. In some societies this takes the place of the regular meeting nearest to Thanksgiving Day; in others it is held at a

In the United Presbyterian Church, (or a nickel or a dollar) if so and so which takes the lead in the matter of would happen.'

thank-offerings, an annual "Ingathering "One member is called our 'Blessing Day," with a program of praise and Lady.' She sees that everybody has a prayer, is held in practically all of the box and that every box comes in."

socIetIes. This has proved a blessing A THANK·OFFERING MESSAGE TO to the entire Church and is undoubtedly MISSIONARY SOCIETIES one reason why this denomination has forged ahead so rapidly in its mission- BY MRS. MARY CLOKEY PORTER, ary work. The Women's, Young Women's, and Junior societies, not only in PITTSBURGH, PA. America but in Egypt and India, are all Thank-Offering Secretary, Woman's Missionary Soprovided with thank-offering boxes and are trained in the duty and privilege of ciety. United Presbyterian Church making special offerings of gratitude to God. Twenty-seven "Ingathering Days" Careful, prayerful, intelligent preparhave been held since the Thank-offering ation is necessary to a successful Thank- Department of the Woman's Board was offering Ingathering. organized and thank-offerings amounting to more than $1,042,000 have been Pray .for wisdom in planning and poured into the Lord's treasury for mis- executing.-James 1 :5. sionary work-a remarkable showing, especially in view of the fact that this is Plan for a wide-awake, consecrated Thank-offering Committee composed (preferably) of the president and one interested giver from every organization in the congregation that' has for its object the support of missions at home or abroad. (1. Cor. 14: 40).

not a large denomination. SUGGESTIONS FOR THANK-OFFERING Count Your Blessings COMMITTEES 1. Have a set time for an annual In- The Woman's Auxiliary of the· gathering Day.

Southern Presbyterian Church, which 2. Months beforehand place at least also puts great . emphasis on thank- one senior Thank-offering box in every offerings, uses "Blessing Boxes" with home and a junior box where there are the motto, "Count Your Blessings," on children under fourteen. Try to train each. In some societies these boxes are the box-holders to be regular, system- given out once a year, in others once atic givers by asking that daily or a quarter for a different object each weekly offerings be placed therein, even time. tho the amounts be necessarily small.

"We find that by using a number of Accompany each box with a circular Doxes through the year, more money is letter giving the divine authority (II.

raised than by keeping one box all year," Chron. 29: 31) for asking for thank- writes a member of one society to The offerings over and above the tithes, and Missionary Survey. "One member keeps state the needs of the mission cause for 'her box beside her mother's .picture. which the gifts are to be used.

'She.is our sweetest blessing,' she says, 3. Procure a variety of leaflets on the 'and will lead us to think of our other subject of Scriptural Giving and dis- blessings.' Another puts in a cent for tribute in some attractive form at the each happy event-a visit from a friend, monthly meetings. Take the cost from a w.elcome letter, a tray of good things the contingent fund, not from the from a neighbor-and how fast the cents Thank-offering.

go in! Another watches herself and 4. Keep the Thank-offering idea be- her family and sees that the coin goes in fore the societies during the year every time anyone saysJ 'I'd give a dime through Bible readings, responses to

OF BEST METHODS

roll-call, songs of thanksgiving, chains Leader : Jeremiah 32: 17. of prayer for growth in the "grace of Congregation: Jeremiah 32: 18, 19. liberality," and frequent messages on Leader: Acts 15: 18. blackboards or charts. Congregation: Hebrews 4: 13. All: Romans 11: 33-36. 5. Hold "Ingatherings" at such time 2. God the Benefactor. Leader: II. Chronicles 16: 9. and place as will call forth the largest Congregation: Isaiah 63: 7. attendance. If on a week day, close Leader: James 1: 17. with a missionary tea, and decorate the Congregation: Romans 8: 32. room with missionary maps and pictures All: Psalm 40: 5. and display curios. A mission picture 3. God's Spiritual Gifts. gallery can be made effective by having Leader: Christ the Savior. several young women drest in the cos- Response: John 3: 16. tume of the country being studied. If Leader: The Holy Spirit our Helper. several countries are under considera- Response: Ezekiel 36: 27. tion, arrange pictures in booths with a 4. God's Temporal Gifts. guide for each. A missionary pageant Leader: Life. or play can also be used. Response: Job 12: 10. Leader: Food and raiment. 6. If Thank-offering envelops are Response: Matthew 6: 31, 32. used instead of boxes, mail or deliver Leader: Rain and fruitful seasons. them through visiting committees ten Response: Psalm 104: 10, 13. days before the "Ingathering," and with Leader: Riches. each extend a hearty invitation to at- Response: Ecclesiastics 5: 19. tend. All: Psalm 104: 24. 5. The Use of God's Gifts. 7. Observe the week preceding the Leader: How are God's gifts to be used by God's Stewards? "Ingathering" as self-denial week. Congregation: I Peter 4: 10. 8. Advertise the "Ingathering" for at Leader: What charge is given in the Old Testament to those upon whom God least two weeks through the church bul- has bestowed His gifts? letin and on blackboard or chart in the Congregation: Deuteronomy 8: 2, 10-18. vestibule. Leader: What messages does God give to His people in the New Testament? 9. Prepare the program for "In- Congregation: A warning-I Timothy gathering Day" with every society represented on it. 6: 9, 10. A charge-I Timothy 6: 17, 18. A SUGGESTF.D PROGRAM Leader: What are some of the Scrip- tural Rules for Giving? Topic: Scripture Lessons for God's Stew- Response (by women): Proverbs 3: 9; ards Malachi 3: 10; Luke 6: 38. Leader: What gifts are acceptable to Praise Service………….. Chorus Choir God? Prayers of Thanksgiving Response (by the juniors): Exodus Brief Studies from Life 35: 5; II Corinthians 8: 12; II Corin- thians 9: 7. Leader: What should ac- Young Women's Society company all gi fts ? A· Dissected Story ……… .Junior Society Congregation: II Corinthians 9: 8, '11. Children's Praise in Song 6. God's Illvitatiolls. Leader: What 'invitations has God given A RESPONSIVE SCRIPTURE SERVICE* to all His people? Response: I Chronicles 16: 29; II "All things are of God." Chronicles 29; 31. 1. God the Creator.

Leader: Acts 17: 24-26, 28. Congregation: I Corinthians 8: 6.

'*" Copies of this service in full may be ordered from the Woman's Board. United Presbyterian Church, 905 Publication Building. Ninth Street, pittshurgh, Pa.. at Z cents each; 25 cents a dozen; $1.00 ft l!unqreq,

Song of Gratitude (to be sung while Address; "How the Giving of Gifts of offerings are being presented). Gratitude Touch the Life of Both Giver and Receiver." (By a missionary if Prayer of Thanksgiving-I Chronicles 29: possible.) 10-14 (by Thank-offering givers in con- cert) . Doxology.

Consecrat ion Prayer. Prayer and Benediction.

A THANK-OFFERING LETTER* BY MRS. J. F. SEEBACH, HOLLIDAYSBURG, PA.

Secretary of the Children's 'Department, Lutheran Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society DEAR LITTLE FRIEND e 8;;'' ''·' I am a little pinlt Thank.oIIering -and I have come to live with you. If … -v. ~ ~p the~~~ to be healthy and hap' y, you will have to feed me, just a. you feed or the or the I like queer thinss; I am fond of a red ~ or a shiny DIckel and r am ' delighted to get • litde .ilver O such a. grows "

on a dime. Pleaie look .. your , and see if you haye any of these; and every time you are glad about something,.make me glad. too, by gi';ng me some.

~w11l Then other be glad. besides; for I do not keep these things for myself. Some ~ 01 "'1 will""". oo … " " ……. _ • Ok …..

~LWh.n What I .end will help to give them they are sick. and teach them to read ~ _b.l.-'I~ t i ~ ….,., •• ,"", … -,01.1………..,… ~ …, . .100'0 ood …..U ..

•~….O".~.~… it w~_.:P=~·:'.~ who are waIling to learn about Jesus. Some'WIll help to b.llld.rv> • :..- _ _ nght here Won't you help me 10 do the.e thing. ?

FaithfuUy your * Reprinted frorn Lutheran Womatt' s W ork. Reprod~ced on the blackboard or cbart. this would be ex- cellent for SundaY-ichool or a :Mission Band meeting

OF BEST METHODS

A DEAD SEA An agent of the Bible Society has taken breakfast with the family but has left "I looked upon a sea, and 10, 'twas dead, somewhat hurriedly because of an ap- Tho by Hermon's streams and Jordan fed. pointment while Thanksgiving Ann was Whence came a fate so dire? The tale's busy with a batch of waffles in the kit- chen. Curtain rises with Thanksgiving soon told- Ann sitting fanning herself with her All that it got it kept, and fast did hold. apron, a troubled look on her face, and All tributary streams found here their Silas leaning against a door-post.

grave, Thanksgiving Ann: "Dere goes dat Because the sea received and never gave. Bible Society agent (pointing down the road) and here's de Bible money still in o sea of the dead! help me to know and my pocket. Didn't ask me, nor give me no chance. Just's if, 'cause a pusson's feel old and colored dey didn't owe de Lord That selfish grasp and greed my doom nuffin, and wouldn't pay it if dey did."

will seal; Silas: "Nebber mind, Thanksgivin'. Help me, oh Christ, myself, my best to I'll run after him and I' ketch him ef he's anywhere dis side 0' Chiny." give, That I may others bless and like Thee (Thanksgiving hands the money to Silas who goes out.) live." Thanksgiving Ann (sings as she THANKSGIVING ANN busies herself in the kitchen) : BY KATE W. HAMILTON "Thanksgivin' an' the voice 0' melody; Thanksgivin' an' ~-" DRAMATIZED BY MRS. GEORGE W. JONES, Silas (returning somewhat warm and winded): "Wa-ll, I come up with him SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK -told ye I would-and give him the three dollars. He seemed kind flustered Characters to have missed such a nugget-said it was a ginerous jonation-equal to Mr. and Mrs. Allyn, master and mistress Massa's-which proves (shutting one of a well-to-do country home in the South. eye and surveying the subject medita- tively) that some folks can do as much Johnnie and Susie, their children who good just off-hand as some other folks may appear or not as desired. can with no end of pinchin' an' screwin' beforehand." Silas, a young colored man-of-all-work. Thanksgiving: "Think it proves dat Thanksgiving Ann, an old and much- folks dat don't have no great 'mount loved colored mammy whose odd name can do as much in a good cause by came from an old anthem she was con- thinkin' 'bout it a little aforehand, as stantly singing somewhat on this wise: other folks will dat has more and puts del' hands in del' pockets when de time "Thanksgivin' an' – comes. I believes (energetically bob- "Johnnie, don't play dar in de water, chile! bing her head) in systematics 'bout such things, I does." (Exit Silas). "Thanksgivin' an' – Thanksgiving (sings) : "'Thanksgivin' "Run away now, Susie, dearie! an' de voice 0' melody; Thanksgivin' an' '-(words die on lips; heart too bur- "Thanksgivin' an' de voice 0' melody."

SCENE Two rooms fitted up respectively as dining-room and kitchen. Two connecting class rooms opening into the Sundayschool (or one large one divided by curtains) would be excellent. If there are neither rear nor side doors for the exit and entrance of performers, two screens, one across a corner of each room, behind which they can appear and disappear will answer the purpose. In the diningroom the table is spread for three, but in disorder, the meal being at an end.

dened to sing; talks to herself). Only can it make so long as one does give three dollars out'n all their 'bundance! . what they can when the call does come ?"

Well, mebby I oughtn't to judge; but I Thanksgiving: "I wouldn't like to be don't judge, I knows. Course I knows. provided for dat way. Was once when I'se here all de time and sees de good I was a slave, 'fore I was .de Lord's free do'es, an' de carr'age, an' de musics, an' woman. I was a no 'count gal, not worf de fine times-folks, an' hosses, an' much; so ole Massa he lef' me to take tables all provided for an' de Lord 0' what happened when de time come.

glory Ie£' to take what happens when de Sometimes I happened to git a dress, an'

time comes, an' no prep'ration at all! sometimes a pair 0' ole shoes. Some- Sure 'nough. He don't need der help. times I didn't happen to git nuffin, an'

All de world is His. He sends do'es to den I went bar'foot; an' dat's jist de His naked, an' bread to His hungry, an' way–"

Bibles to His heathen, if dey don't give Mrs. Allyn (greatly shocked) : a cent; but den dey's pinchin' an' starvin' "Thanksgiving, that's not reverent!"

der own dear souls. Well-'taint my Thanksgiving: "Jist what I thought.

soul! But I loves 'em, an' dey's missin' Dey didn't treat me with no kind 0'

a great blessin'. If only I could teach reverence."

'em systematics in givin'!" Mrs. Allyn: "Well (smiling) after all, Mrs. Allyn (entering the kitchen): these things are a matter of opmlOn.

"What's that, Thanksgiving? System- One person likes one way best and an- atics? I don't understand." other another." (Goes out).

Thanksgiving: "Systematics is count- Thanksgiving (settling her turban): in' up what de dear Lord gives ye and " 'Pears to me it's a matter 0' which way den givin' Him a share fust of all. In de Lord likes best." (Goes into the de Bible dey calls it a tithe; an' de dining-room, clears away the table and parson, he says it's a tenth, and it be- puts a doiley and vase of flowers on it.) longs to de Lord whether or no, an' we (Enter Mr. and Mrs. Allyn, who sit 'uns ain't got no right to spend any for down, he with a book, she with sewing.

ourselves before we lay up de Lord's Thanksgiving dusts the room).

share." Mr. Allyn: "That was a strong plea Mrs. AUyn: "I don't believe I'd like the pastor made yesterday."

that. The idea of counting up one's Mrs. Allyn: "Yes; and it was a very income and setting aside a fixt portion worthy object. It was too bad that it of it for charity and then calling what came at a time when we are so short.

is left one's own, makes religion seem But we gave what we could and I hope arbitrary and exacting. It is like a tax, it will do good. But I wish it had been and such a view ought to be avoided. I five times as much."

like to give freely and gladly of what I Mr. Allyn (heartily): "So do I."

have when the time comes." (Both go out.) Thanksgi~'ing: "If ye ain't give so Thanksgiving (goes into the kit- freely an' gladly for Miss Susie's new chen): 'Spose I needn't fret 'bout other necklaces and yer own new dresses dat folks' duty-'taint none 0' my business.

ye don't have much when de time comes." Yes 'tis, too, 'cause I loves 'em. 'Tain't Mrs. Allyn (not heeding the inter- like's if dey d-idn't call demselves His, ruption): "I think one gives with a neither."

more free and generous feeling in that Mr. Allyn (enters the kitchen with a way. Money laid aside beforehand only basket of peaches): "Aren't these fine, has a sense of duty and not much feel- Thanksgiving? Let the children have a ing about it. Anyway, what difference few if you want to. They are the very

OF BEST METHODS

first of the season. Give them to us cooked, an' de same wif taters. An' I for dinner." thought I'd give ye what I happened to have when de time come, an' I didn't Thanksgiving (taking the basket): happen to have much of nuffin. 'Clare! "Sartin, I'll give you all dar is." (Exit I forgot de bread!" (Trots into the Mr. Allyn.) kitchen and return with a plate of cold corn bread.) Thanksgiving (takes basket behind Mrs. Allyn: "No bread!" screen or to the door and calls): "John- Thanksgiving: "No, honey; used it all up this mornin' for de toast. Might nie! Susie! Dar's some mighty fine have made biscuits or muffins ef I'd planned for 'em long enough. But dat peaches here, chilluns. Jes' help your- kind 0' makes a body feel's if dey had to do it, an' I wanted to get dinner for selves, dearies!" yer out 0' my warm feelin's when de Children (out of sight): "0, goody, time come." Mr. Allyn (impatiently, but too per- goody!" (If preferred, the children plexed to be thoroughly indignant): may come in and help themselves.) "When a man has provided bountifully for his household it seems as tho he (Thanksgiving sits in the doorway might expect to enjoy a small share of and sews on a gingham apron.) it himself, even if the preparation does require a little trouble." Mrs. Allyn (enters kitchen and looks Thanksgiving (musingly): "Cur'us around in surprise): "What has hap" how things make a body think 0' Bible pened, Thanksgiving? I see no pre- verses. Dar's dat one 'bout 'Who giveth parations for dinner. Haven't decided us all things richly to enjoy'; an' 'What on a fast, have you?" shall I render to de Lord for all His benefits to'ard me.' Dllr! I didn't put Thanksgiving (undisturbed): "No, dem peaches on." (Goes to the kitchen.) honey; thought I'd give you (holding up Mr. Allyn: "Has Thanksgiving sudapron to measure length) what I hap- denly lost her senses?" pened to have when de time come." Mrs. Allyn (with a faint smile): '~I begin to suspect there's a 'method in her Mrs. Allyn (to herself as she leaves madness.' " kitchen) : "Well, Thanksgiving is queer, Thanksgiving (returns with basket but she is a dear old soul. I suppose she nearly empty. Composedly puts the few has some wonderful surprise for us, left into a fruit dish on table): "Dat's something especially tempting. I like all! De chilern eat a good many and surprises; they add to one's enjoyment dey was used up one wayan' 'nother. of a mea1." (Goes out). I'se sorry de ain't no more, but I hopes y'll 'joy what dar is. I only wishes it (Thanksgiving stops sewing and was five times as much." slowly sets table in dining-room for Mr. Allyn (with a sudden look of intwo. Puts on plates, knives and forks, telligence): "Couldn't you have laid glasses of water and a small platter of some aside for us, Thanksgiving?" cold meat. Rings bell for dinner. Mr. Thanksgiving (relenting a little): and Mrs. Allyn enter, take seats at the "Wall, dar now! S'pose I could. B'lieve table and survey it perplexed.) I will, next time. Allers kind 0' thought de folks things belonged to had de best Mr. Allyn (to his wife): "My dear, what has happened?"

Thanksgiving (apologetically): "Dat's all de col' meat dar was-sorry I didn't have no more."

Mr. Allyn (wonderingly) : "But I sent home a choice roast this morning. And you have no potatoes-nor vegetables of any kind."

Thanksgiving: "Laws, yes, dat's so! But den a body has to think about it a good while atorehand to get a roast

right to 'em. But I'd heard givin' what Mrs. Allyn (entering the kitchen): happened to be on hand was so much "Well, Thanksgiving, Mr. Allyn and I freer and lovin'er a way 0' servin' dem have been talking about 'systematics,' ye love best, dat I thought I'd try it. and we have decided to lay aside the But it 'pears as if dey fared slim, an' I tenth that belongs to the Lord first of spects I'll go back to de ole plan 0' all. Then we will add a thank-offering systematics." (Goes into the kitchen.) because the Lord has always been so good to us and as much more as we can }rfrs. Allyn: "Do you see, George?" spare to make up for those who are rob- Mr. Allyn: "Yes I see. An object bing the Lord of His tithe. Now (laughlesson with a vengeance!" ingly, but evidently much moved) I sup- Mrs. Allyn (with a troubled face): pose you are satisfied!" "What if she is right and our careless giving seems anything like this?" Thanksgiving (brightly): "I's 'mazin' Mr. Allyn (gravely): "She is right, glad; but satisfied-dat's a long, deep Fannie. We call Christ our Lord and word; an' de Bible says it will be when Master. We acknowledge that every we awake in His likeness." blessing that we have is His gift and say that His service is our chief business (Mrs. Allyn goes out; Silas enters). in this world. Yet we provide lavishly Silas (standing on one foot and swingfor our own comfort and entertainment ing the other) : "Wall, now, I don't perand apportion nothing for the advance- fess none 0' them kind 0' things, but I ment of His kingdom. We leave this to don't mind tellin' ye I think yer way's any chance surplus that may happen to right. An' I don't b'lieve no one never be left after all our wants and fancies done lost nothin' by what dey give to are satisfied. That does not seem like God, 'cause He's pretty certain to pay loving or faithful service. I've been it back wif compound interest. But I thinking about it a good deal lately but don't s'pose you'd call that a right good have been too indolent and selfish to motive." make a change. Suppose we figure up Thanksgiving: "Not de bes', Silas, not our income and pay our debts to the de bes'. But it don't make folks love Lord." de Lord any de less 'cause He's a good Mrs. Allyn: "I don't like that way of paymassa and keeps His word. People looking at it. It seems such a commer- dat starts in givin' to de Lord wid dat cial transaction." kind 0' motives soon ontgrows 'em." Mr. Allyn: "Yes, it does. But after Silas (shifting from one foot to the putting aside what we owe to the Lord, other): "Wa-II, ye see, folks don't allus we can add a thank-offering and a bit feel right." more for good measure." Thanksgiving (musingly): "No dey Mrs. Allyn: "That sounds better. don't. .When eberybody feels right an' Ve'd have to give up some things-that does right, dat'll be de miIlenium. Dar's new necklace and take a less expensive a prophecy 'bout de time when eben de trip next summer. But I don't believe bells on de hosses shall hab 'holiness to this new way of giving would hurt so de Lord' on 'em. Don't know what dat much as the old haphazard way. That means 'less 'tis dat de rich folks' carwas like having a tooth drawn-painful, riages an' de hosses shall be gain' on but necessary! Suppose we talk it over His erran's. Well, I's glad 0' de faint in the library." streak 0' dat day dat's come to dis (Both go out. Thanksgiving comes house!" (goes out singing). in, clears the table and then works in 'Thanksgivin' an' de voice 0' melody. the kitchen). Thanksgivin' an' –"

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI DY NEWS MOSLEMS IN ASIA mia, Persia, has been evident from the various accounts of conditions there Heroic Americans which have appeared in the REVIEW. One member of the mission, :Miss Eliza- T HE war in Turkey and Persia has beth V. Coan, went to Urumia in 1914. brought heroes to the front in mis- Besides being ill herself with typhoid, sion circles. Now, in spite of the con- she has nursed the sick, visited among ditions that prevail in these Moslem them held services when possible, played lands, a group of nine American mission- the ;rgan for church, and recommenced aries have recently set out for that dis- her Turkish lessons abruptly stopt at turbed country. Wilder P. Ellis, M.D., of the beginning of the invasion of Uru- Helena, Montana, with his bride Jessie mia by the Kurds and Turks. She Lee Ellis, of Spanish Fork, Utah, and writes: "In spite of the experiences of Dr. Mary Fleming, of Hinsdale, Mary- my first year on the foreign field, I land, are going to West Persia, under would rather be a missionary than anythe Presbyterian Board, where a few thing else in the world. The past months months ago the fearful massacres and have taught me lessons of trust which I other atrocities were committed by the never would have learned in the same Kurds in an invasion from Turkey. way under easier conditions."

The other members of the party, J. The Situation in West Persia Davidson Frame, M.D., of Philadelphia; DR. WILLIAM A. SHEDD, of Uru- mia, writes that between January Mary J. Smith, M.D., of Kokomo, In- 2d, when the Russian army left Urumia, and the date of their return on May diana; Mrs. C. A. Douglas, of Portland, 24th, the loss of life in the Christian Ot;egon; Rolla E. Hoffman, M.D., of population there was about 1,000 persons Leipsic, Ohio; the Rev. Dwight Donald- killed and 4,000 who dIed of disease. son, of Huntington, West Virginia; and He has records of about 3,600 burials Miss Margaret L. Cowden, of Washing- in the city of Urumia and at the Preston, Iowa, are going to Northern and byterian College compound, while other Eastern Persia to be stationed in Tehe- deaths are known to have taken place. ran, Resht, Kermanshah, and Meshed. The total Christian population in Uru- Dr. Hoffman will open medical work in mia on January 1st was some 5,600 famithe great holy Moslem city of Meshed, lies living in the city and villages of which lies far east, near the border of the plain, and 800 to 1,000 families who North Afghanistan. These frve physi- had fled there from the mountains, from cians will do much to disseminate mod- the regions of Tergawar, Mergawar, ern medical science, which is so sorely Nochia, Marbishu, and Gawar, partly in. needed and sincerely appreciated in Persia and partly in Turkey. On the Eastern lands to-day. basis of five souls to a family, the num- A Missionary's Testimony T HAT the experiences of the last few months have been a time of severe testing for the missionaries at Uru-

ber of souls was 32,000 to 33,000. When needs. There are many sick and orthe .Russians left, there was a large exo- phans and widows. The people return dus of Christians, and the number re- to empty or ruined houses, without a maining was probably about 25,000, so dish to eat from or a pot to cook in or a that the loss in life in less than five spade to work with. There is an abunmonths was about one-fifth of the total dant harvest, but no sickles or scythes number. Of the 6,500 families, not over to harvest with. 1,000 families escaped without being totally robbed of all their possessions, and The people should be supplied with many of these were partially robbed. such necessities as will enable them to The result is that the bulk of the sur- support themselves. The first source of viving population has lost everything ex- supply is their own resources; the next, cept real estate. Not a thousand houses the landlords and people of the country, are left with doors and windows, and so far as governmental authorities may half or more of them have had the roof- require them to furnish aid; the third timbers removed. The property loss of source of supply, of absolute necessity, the mission is as much as $10,000, partly is the relief funds. All three will be incurred in the attack in October. The required, for the needs are very great. property loss to the Christian popula- Not less than $6,000 is needed for the tion is estimated variously, the lowest purpose of supplying cattle and impleestimate being $2,500,000, while others ments to enable these people to become estimate it at ten times that amount. In self-supporting. order to make a complete estimate of the losses of the past year one should Effects of the War in Arabia add large losses of property of Moslems and the loss of probably some hundreds THE people of Bahrein, on the Perof lives. By actual record, considerably sian Gulf, are very deeply interested over one hundred Christian girls and in the European war, writes Rev. James women became Moslem during this pe- E. Moerdyk, for, tho they know nothing riod, in the large majority of cases be- of the principles involved, they are cause of fear and violence. Hundreds greatly concerned over its effect on their of women and girls were violated. own trade. The one subject which every Arab now wishes to discuss with the The Present Need white foreigner is the war and its proba- ble outcome, and perhaps the last topic ON July 7th, the American mission- which the missionary wishes to talk aries at U rumia drew up and about is that of war. As he passes unanimously voted for the following through the bazaar or on his trips statement of conditions and needs in and through the villages seeking an opporabout Urumia: tunity to present his message, men ignore his words and persist in asking when the The Christian population of Urumia great nations will stop fighting. Coldistrict, some 30,000 souls, after six porteurs complain that people will not months' exile, are trying to return to purchase Scripture even for a very their homes. In order to make this pos- small price, because they need their pensible, a concerted effort is being made nies to buy food. But portions of Scripby the Russian Consulate, the Persian ture and tracts of different kinds given Government, and the missionaries, to- away are also refused, because, as they gether with th'e leaders of the Christian say, "We have not time to bother with community, to induce the landlords of these books." Bedouin Arabs from the the villages to furnish the necessary mainland, except for a few stragglers, food and other help for immediate needs. have ceased coming to the hospital. This effort meets only a part of the Their ruling Sheikh has forbidden any

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to leave the country, because he desires An ex-Brahmin Elder to have them on hand to fight for him when possible troubles arise. H ENRY MARTYN is reported to have said, "If I should live to see INDIA one Brahmin genuinely converted, it would be to me as great a miracle as if a Open-air Sunday-schools man should rise from the dead." That this miracle has been witnessed many T HE Methodist missions in India are tim~s in the later days of missionary ef- using improvised Sunday-schools fort in India is well known. The story with good results. In Rev. Fredk. Wood's of one Brahmin convert comes from district there are 180 such, with 4,430 Coimbatore, South India, where an elder scholars. Most of these are held under in the church is Rangachiri, the son of trees, in the shade of a house, on the c distinguished Sanskrit scholar. His veranda of a hut, and in other uncon- Jrothers hold high positions, and one ventional places in the open air. The of them is a B.A. of Madras University. natives feel freer in a roofless meeting A copy of the New Testament, which which does not seem to commit them to had been presented to this brother by anything. The teaching is chiefly Scrip- the Bible Society after passing his Uniture story with much singing inter- versity examinations, first aroused Ranspersed. The popular "Deshi" tunes are gachiri's interest in Christianity. After :tn especially great attraction. Many of his baptism, his family removed him by those attending-both children and force to a village 300 miles away, and adults-are non-Christians, and more is administered a potion to drive out the learned in close study of the Bible than demon which was supposed to possess from many sermons. him. He finally escaped, and is now a eacher in the mission school at Coimba- What India Owes to the Pioneers tore, and engaged in various forms of Christian work. T HE great triad-Carey, Marshman, and Ward-did far more to make the Salvation Army in India Indian intellect than the Government of India. The actual baptism of Brahmin AT the opening of the industrial exconverts was an unspeakable shock; hibition of the Salvation Army in What else could have so effectually Simla, the address presented to His Exroused the Hindus? By literature more cellency the Viceroy contained many inthan by speech the missionaries started teresting facts showing the steady progthe effective diffusion of Christian ress in the various branches of the work teaching in North India; they scattered in India. Operations are carried on the Bible broadcast over the Peninsula among the deprest classes and others in in the vernacular; they began the print- 3,000 towns and villages. Over 300 ing of Indian literature in both Sanskrit European missionaries and 2,500 Indian and the vernaculars; they began the use workers are supported by the organizaof Bengali prose, and published the first tion, while some 70,000 men and women vernacular newspaper; they were the contribute time and money toward the pioneers of widespread education; and, cause. About 40,000 acres are under lastly, their bold exposure of the cruel- colonization; while the silk industry is ties and immoralities of customary Hin- being populariz.ed. Special effort has duism, tho crude and harsh to us to- been made -in behalf of the criminal day, was absolutely necessary to wake tr,ibes, there being 27 settlements and 6 Hindus to a consciousness of the glaring children's homes, with over 6,000 popufaults of their religion.-Rev. I. N. Far- lation. These settlements are not con~ quhar.

fined to the Panjab and the United Prov- splendid work among the Telugus are inces, but now extend to Madras, Ben- also gathering in great sections of these gal, Bihar, and Orissa. Employment is submerged folk. found for many of these people, and crime among them is greatly reduced. SIAM The women are engaged in making gar- Robert E. Speer in Siam ments and uniforms for soldiers at the front. Drink has been supprest in one T HE REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, village, and no policeman is needed in the Tap Tiang Station of the Presby- settlement. There were 200 competitors terian Church in Siam, writes some in- in cleanliness for prizes offered for the teresting facts in regard to the visit of ten tidiest and most neatly drest wo- the delegates from America in May. In men. Employers from the tea-gardens Penang, the American and English Pres- of Assam and mine-owners have of- byterian, Baptists, and Methodist mis- fered work to large numbers. The Army sionaries cooperated in arranging the has some 500 village schools with 13,000 program for the occasion, which consistchildren; industrial homes and hostels, ed of daily conferences, addresses to the and nine hospitals, caring annually for 1,500 students of the American M. E. 50,000 patients. Arbor day is annually School, and union meetings in the Presobserved by the planting of thousands byterian church. of eucalyptus trees to fight malaria, and the use of iodine is advocated against The travelers were met in Trang by plague. The address concludes with a Mr. Knight, Superintendent of Rairreference to the banyan tree as an em- ways, with special car to convey them to blem of the industrial and social ad- Tap Tiang. But while waiting one hour yance represented by the organization. they improved the time at Trang by making four addresses to the congrega- Union Work for Outcasts tion assembled in the chapel-all inter- preted by Dr. Dunlap into Siamese, and THERE has been recently a strong by an evangelist into Chinese. During movement toward Christianity their sojourn at Tap Tiang, the visitors among the low castes in India, says a made twelve addresses, which were inwriter in The Bible Magazine. The terpreted into Siamese. Methodists, the United Presbyterians, the Baptists, and more recently the Another noted event of the quarter Presbyterians are giving themselves to was the visit of His Majesty the King work among these outcasts. At first of Siam to the Trang Province, folthere was a prospect of some attrition lowed by about 1,000 ministers of state, between the Methodist and Presbyterian nobles, wild tigers, and scouts. The missions in territories where both are station prepared a brief report of the now at work among these classes. But work of the Tap Tiang Hospital, which in the spirit of Christian brotherhood Dr. Dunlap presented to His Majesthese two missions met recently in con- ty, and to emphasize the hospital's need ference, through their representatives, of an operating-room during the audiand have so adjusted their territorial ence with him. On the following day limits that by the exchange of sever'll the King graciously responded, bestowthousand church members from one ing the whole amount, that is, 3,000 tibody to the other all friction has been cals, expressing a deep interest in the removed, and the largest expectation of work. He said: "I am interested in your great ingatherings fills both the mis- kind of work, and I thank you for all the sions. Meanwhile the Baptists in their good work you are doing for the people of Trang." These words are similar to those often spoken in former days by his royal father, the latc King.

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Saved from Fire be the starting of a mission to be manned entirely by Chinese and supported en- REV. J. A. EAKIN, of Petchaburi, tirely by Chinese funds. It was sug- Siam, writes: "Yesterday, just after gested that the Province of Shensi we returned from church, a fire broke should be the field chosen, and some were out in a shop in the market over against sanguine enough to hope that when the the other side of the river. All build- synod next meets in 1918 this Chinese ings were as dryas tinder, and a strong mission will be on its feet, and that breeze was blowing. In a few hours things will be ready for the appointment most of the city was in ashes. The only of a Chinese bishop. For the support property belonging to the mission that of the mission a voluntary tax proporwas touched by the flames was a small tioned to the number of church-memstreet-chapel. bers is to be levied from all the Angli- can Chinese congregations.-G. M. S. "Only one of our Christian families Review. lost his home. Three times in that afternoon a sudden change of the wind was The Y. M. C. A. in the Customs College the means of saving the property of Christians. One instance of this was MR. T. Y. SUNG, a 1914 graduate of the home of one of our Christian teach- Lowrie High School of the Presers, whose relatives are all strongly op- byterian Mission, is president of the Y. posed to our religion. On two sides the M. C. A., at the Customs College, Pefire burned right up to his house and king, and also of the union of the school left it unharmed. Y. M. C. A. of Peking. This Customs College is the school which prepares of- "Another instance is the street chapel ficers for the revenue service. There at Pratoo Muang. A brick building near- are ten Christians among the 100 stuby, and a bamboo kitchen within eight dents of the school. Sixty of them are feet of the wall of the chapel burned, associated with the Y. M. C. A. of the but did not leave the mark of flame upon school, 30 attend Bible classes, and six it. The fire made a clean sweep of all of the Christian boys hold a daily the market on both sides of the street prayer-meeting from 6.30 to 7.00 a. m. right up to the chapel. It is a most impressive object-lesson to unbelievers." America's Opportunity in China CHINA REV. HENDON M. HARRIS writes in the Foreign Mission Journal: "I A General Synod in China wish I could impress on our religious T HE second general synod of the leaders. in America what a tremendous Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, the responsibility, privilege, and opportunity name adopted for the Anglican Church is ours in China. It can not be said too in China, met in Shanghai in April. strongly that America at the present There are eleven dioceses, which include time occupies a place in the confidence, the work of the Episcopal Church in the nay, the affection of the Chinese, that United States, of the Church in Canada, can not be approached by any other naof the S. P. G., of the C. M. S., and of tion. the "Church" section of the China Inland Mission in Szechwan. All the "Pitiful it was to me, during the reeleven bishops were present at the sy- cent trouble with Japan when one after nod meeting. Certainly the feature in another asked me if America would not the proceedings which proved of chief interfere to save China from the viointerest to the Chinese members of the lence of her neighbor. How many times synod was the formation of a Board of have I had a man whom I have just met, Missions whose immediate task should on learning that I was an American,

stick up his thumb in the characteristic by Roman Catholic Christians. He had Chinese method of indicating that which made the acquaintance of Dr. Hume of is excellent, and utter in the most ex- the Yale Mission, and was deeply moved pressive tone one word, 'Hao' (good). by the latter's prayer at the deathbed of One day while crossing the Yangtse his father, the governor. Kiang from Wuchang to Hankow, several well-drest Chinese strangers, on When Hunan seceded last year, the learning that my home was in the Uni- young man went to the front with a Red ted States, fairly forced me to let them Cross corps. Taken as a spy, he was arpay my fare on the boat." rested and thrown into prison at Wu- chang. Four of his fellow prisoners "IOne University for Fifty Million People were beheaded. Here, face to face with N the United States there are some death without trial, he turned to God, 500 colleges, one to every 200,000 and for the first time prayed to his Heavpeople-a land of churches and Chris- enly Father. Instantly a strange peace tian forces where almost all may hear filled his heart, and in a moment he and, if they will, receive the Gospel knew that there was a God and that He message. This is good, and we are had heard his prayer. grateful. Now, if there were but one college east of the Mississippi River and After his release from prison he was one west, the whole land filled with idol- baptized. He was a powerful ally of temples, with uncounted millions who Mr. Eddy in his evangelistic meetings, have no opportunity to hear the Gospel holding large audiences by his burning -and if one of these colleges – one words, as he boldly testified to Jesus among 50,000,000 of people-was in Christ as his own Savior and the only great need of $80,000 to complete its hope of China. building fund, what would you do!" Floods Destroy Mission Property So reads an appeal for Shantung University, which is attempting to raise a AREPORT from South China anbuilding fund of $335,000. Already nounces that tens of thousands of $245,000 has been given unconditionally, natives are estimated to have been and in addition $35,000 conditioned on drowned by the floods in the Chinese securing the whole sum of $335,000. provinces of Kwantung, Kwangsi, and There is urgently needed $55,000 to Kiangsi, in July. A despatch to Washcomplete the fund. The Presbyterian ington from Hong Kong states that Board of Foreign Missions, the Ameri- American mission property in the recan trustees, administer the funds and gion between Canton, Kongmoon, and give this appeal unqualified endorsement. Wuchow is either destroyed or badly damaged by the great floods. So far as Mr. Eddy's Interpreter known, no American lives have been lost. MR. SHERWOOD EDDY'S inter- preter is an excellent illustration of Altho the dispatches said that no God's wonder-working in the lives of Americans had perished, department ofleading young men of China. He is a ficials estimated that in the West River member of the most prominent family Valley there were about 100 missionaries in Changsha, the son of a man who had from the United States, including women been governor in four of China's prov- and children. inces. Four years ago he was a Confucianist, hating Christianity because of "Every-Member Canvass" in Hainan heavy indemnities which China had been obliged to pay for injuries suffered D URING the past year four new chapels have been erected in Ka- chek district, Island of Hainan, three new centers opened, and the attendance

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at religious services has greatly in- ond is to throttle the wicked and un- creased. Rev. David S. Tappen, Jr., christian talk of the possibility of war says: "We are making an every-mem- between two nations, our own and J ap- ber canvass of our Kachek Christians. an, each of which has no intention of Weare not going to stop until we get doing anything except what is right.

every member to pledge a definite sum And the third is to pray, as the Church yearly or weekly. In a great many has never prayed before, that the fires of places we have more than doubled the God which fell at Carmel and at Pente- contributions, and we have only begun. cost, shall fall to-day upon Japan."

Each Christian takes his cash and wraps The Answer to a Japanese Prayer it up in paper and puts his name and amount on the outside. As the Chinese MURAMATSU SAN is a converted say, a person does not like to wrap up robber and ex-convict who mainless than five or ten cash, and one does tains a home for discharged prisoners not want to drop in loose cash when at Kobe. Some time ago he had to make everyone else has his wrapt up in a trip to Tokyo on business in connection paper. We expect four times as much with the Home, but found that there was as was given last year. only one yen and seventy sen in the family purse, whereas the journey would JAPAN-KOREA require about ten yen. He had to be The Need of the Japanese Church in Tokyo at a certain time and must leave at once. Before leaving home he DR. SPEER'S impressions of the and his wife prayed for the money. He changed place of Christianity in took the seventy sen and left her the Japan, as compared with his visit 18 yen and started for the station, believing years ago, were referred to in the Aug- that the Lord would respond in some ust REVIEW. Another tendency which way, but the first train for the capital imprest him strongly is the conscious, pulled out without him. The next exrecognized need of the Christian Church press was due to leave in about four in Japan for the coming down of a liv- hours. Muramatsu San spent all this ing fire out of heaven. "The nation real- time at the station praying, confident izes its need of moral education and of that the Lord would hear his petition. religion for the sake of individual and Just a few minutes before the train was national effiCiency. Far and wide, peo- due a missionary, who knew Muramatsu ple are ready to hear and men are quali- San entered the station, also bound for fied to preach the ethical message of Tokyo. "By the way," said the mission- Christianity. What the strongest lead- ary, "I have ten yen for your work ers of the church now crave is the rais- which I have been intending to hand you ing up of men who can preach the spiri- for some time." tual supernaturalism of the Guspel, who can make the crucified, risen and ever- Muramatsu San believes that God does living Christ a reality to the soul of answer prayer.

Japan, who can proclaim all that St. Strange Sights in Osaka Paul meant by the cross and the resur- OSAKA, the ~ost mo.d~rn of .the cities rection to the deepest heart of the of Japan, 1S a: stnklllg m1xture of Japanese people. The American church has three great duties to Japan in this the old and the new. Over 40 great fac- tories, employing some 60,000 people, present hour. One is to send out at and many smaller factories and C011once missionary reinforcem:ents, both cerns, are filled with the latest machi- men and women, but especially men, for nery run by electric motors. All the the country evangelistic work. The sec- principal and many of the residence

streets of Osaka are electric-lighted, and added a few words, affirming his un- there is an immense amusement park, qualified belief in the efficacy of prayer with a hundred illuminated buildings and for China in her present hour of distress a great electric tower. In the arch under and uncertainty. this tower is a huge "Billikin," marked "The Western's God of Luck," and many What Led Them to Christ? are those who worship him there. But the favorite object of worship in Osaka THE Rev. H. E. Blair, of the Presbyis the fox god. Most of the shops and terian Mission, was instructing a homes have a god-shelf, with its pair of male and female fox images. The lights men's class of about fifty Korean Chrison this shelf and the food offerings on tians. One day he asked how many of it are renewed daily. In the grounds of them had been led to Christ as the direct nearly, if not all, the factories, big and result of the personal preaching of little, in Osaka is a fox shrine. It is others j twelve held up their hands. Then endorsed by "the firm" j otherwise busi- he asked how many had gone into a ness would be ruined, they say. The Christian church as sightseers and had electric cars of Osaka are directly con- been thereby brought to believe; two tributing to heathen worship by making raised their hands. Two others said the temples accessible as they never were that they had been convinced as a result before. On the days of temple festivals, of reading tracts; but when he asked usually twice a month, there is scarcely how many had been led to believe breatbing-space on the cars, and the through reading the little farthing Korinterurban cars bring worshipers from ean Gospels which are being sold by coltowns within a sixty mile radius. porteurs, twenty responded. Mr. Blair adds: "This may be rather more than the Chinese Prayer Meeting in Tokio average; but it indicates that the Gos- pels are powerful."

THE changed attitude of the Chinese A Contest in Selling Gospels students in Japan toward Christianity in the last few years was vividly MRS. ROY K. SMITH, of Andong, Korea, tells of a movement to make illustrated in a prayer meeting held on the church members responsible for the the third anniversary of the establish- sale of Gospels to their neighbors so as ment of the Chinese Republic in the to have the colporteur free for work in Y. M. C. A. building in Tokio. Invita- villages remote from established church- tions were issued to all Chinese students es. Banners are given to the churches of the city. The Chinese minister in or individuals who have made record Tokyo welcomed the suggestion, and in sales. A young man in one of the South spite of the demands on"his time and that churches, hearing of the zeal for Gospel of his staff on so important a national selling in the eastern circuit, decided holiday, arranged to have a representa- that even tho no one else in his church tive at the gathering. The attendance cared to help him he would ask the helper was remarkable. The meeting was ad- to bring 75 Gospels on his next trip.

vertised as a prayer meeting, and yet The result was that the entire number over 100 Chinese students, largely non- were sold before breakfast one morning, Christian, attended, and listened to an and this was the largest individual sale.

address delivered by a Chinese pastor One of the native pastors interprets the emphasizing the importance of the un- stoty of David and Goliath, by making seen power of God to control the Re- church-members the Davids, the giant public of China. The Minister's repre- the devil, and little penny Gospels the septative, one of the secretaries of the pebbles to rout the devil from the lives Legation, who is said to be a Christian, of heathen neighbors.

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A Typical Case circulation of the blood, producing anemia. The majority of the fellaheen FROM Miss Tate, of Chunju, comes are affected by the scourge, and thus it another "rice Christian" story. A may rightly be said to be one of the Christian Korean came to the mission plagues of Egypt. Dr. Harpur began to hospital with a little girl one mass of treat the disease in 1894, with great sucson~s, and so offensive in odor that later cess. How signal is the service thus she had to be put in a room by herself. rendered to the Egyptian nation may be She was, it seems, a servant in a family, judged from the fact that 8,000 fellaheen and when she fell sick was turned out are annually treated and sent back to into the street. The Christian Korean their homes cured and strong. who had found her, brought her to the hospital and pledged himself to be re- For the Women of Egypt sponsible for the expense of her care and treatment up to six yen-a sum rep- OUR Sisters in Egypt is a new magaresenting $20 purchasing power in America. This particular "rice Christian" zine prepared by and representing had, no doubt, read the tenth of Luke the women of Egypt and the work they many times. Better still, he knew how are doing in the cause of evangelism. to go and do likewise. The cover is striking. It consists of three female figures representing "our AFRICA sisters in Egypt." The first is our Mus- lim sister, a giantess, representing 5,000,- Why He Liked His Work 000 Muslim women and girls in Egypt; the second is our Coptic sister, repre- W HEN some one asked a missionary senting 500,000 nominal Christian wo- if he liked his work in Africa, he men and girls, and the third represents replied: "Do I like this work? No; our Protestant sister, a mere pigmy as my wife and I do not like dirt. We have compared to the others, representing but reasonably refined sensibilities. We do 25,000 women and girls in the Nile valnot like crawling into vile huts through ley. The cover is in itself a remarkable goat refuse. We do not like association appeal. Turning to the contents we find with ignorant, filthy, brutish people. But a genuine feast. On the very first page is a man to do nothing for Christ he are the names of 35 women supported does not like? God pity him, if not. by the Women's General Missionary So- Liking or disliking has nothing to do ciety, also the number of Bible women with it. We have orders to 'go' and we in various Egyptian cities supported by go. Love constrains us." Such a love the same organization, 53 in all. There begets the strength to do the "all are eight girls' schools under their directhings." tion.

A Modern Egyptian Plague Prosperity in Belgian Kongo AT the new Church Missionary So- THE course of Belgium in the Kongo ciety hospital, at Menouf, recently Free State some years ago was opened, two Ankylostomiasis sheds are erected-one for men and one for wo- cruelly inhuman. The atrocities perpemen. This disease is the most universal trated on helpless natives shocked the and deadly of all those that affect the world. It is gratifying to learn, on the fellah. It is a veritable scourge in the authority of Bishop Hartzell of the provinces of Egypt. Its origin is a Methodist Episcopal Church, that since minute parasite, which lives in the wet Albert, the present king of Belgium, has soil. When the fellah has trod the soil taken hold of the administration of with his bare feet, it enters through the affairs a policy of justice and helpfulskin, and from thence passes into the ness has replaced the cruel and deso-

lating policy of the former Belgian king. sionary in the Gold Coast applied a few The bishop's testimony is that "The old months ago at the Seccondee Custom Kongo with its atrocities-the half of House for a case of Bibles, but was told which were never told-is past and gone that 16,000 cases of rum and gin mllst forever. A new era has come-an era be removed before it could be reached! of peace and justice and commercial and moral outlook." "Two years ago the Governor was re- ported to have said that if the drink Rev. V. D. Armstrong, one of the traffic continues at its present rate of insenior missionaries of the Kongo Balolo crease, it will destroy Christianity In Mission, reviews the changes °that have the Gold Coast." taken place in the administrative al~d material conditions on the Kongo since One of Livingstone'. Men his first outgoing, seventeen years ago. THE last of David Livingstone's "Material advance is visible all along Makololo, and one of a remarkable the river line. The native thatched huts band of men who played an important have given way to iron roof buildings; part in establishing the British Protecthe naked savage is replaced by the torate in Nyassaland, has recently died. clothed and superficially civilized black His name was Mlauli, and he was the man; the weapons of war are abandoned, chief of the Mang'anja people. He acand the tribes are eager in the pursuit companied the great missionary on his of commerce and wealth. travels, and was one of the company of Mako1010 to whom Livingstone gave "The administration, instead of being guns, and a warning to have nothing semi-barbaric, is now dignified and patri- to do with the slave trade, but to "keep archal, and the rubber regime has given the country for the English." This they way to an order of things which meets -:lid, and when the Scottish missionaries the approval of the governed and in- arrived in 1875 they extended them a spires sufficient confidence to make them warm welcome. It was not till years inhabit the river banks, and willingly afterward that British administration come in contact with the white man. was established.

"On the lower river and at Stanley A Remarkable Journey Pool large substantial buildings-such as hotels, ship-building plants, and the REV. J. DU PLESSIS, of the Dutch machinery of civilization requisite for Reformed Church, has been enconquering a country of wild nature and gaged upon a journey which, a few fruitful resources-are springing into years ago, would have been an almost existence." impossible task. As a member of the Edinburgh Conference Continuation African Natives and Rum Committee he is in search of needy re- gions in Central Africa, and studying MR. JOHN NEWTON has publish,~d methods of work among the people. in England a valuable report on With the most slender resources, one "Alcohol and Native Races," dealing Hausa servant, and some ten or twelve especially with conditions on the West loads, he journeyed through the North Coast of Africa. In 1912 the total Kamerun to the River Shari in French amount of liquor imported was nearly Kongo, along the valley of the Uele to seven million gallons. Holland supplied the Nile; then to Uganda, and through 58 per cent. of the total, Germany 21 East Africa to Mombasa. Unable, on per cent., the United States (to the Gold account of the war, to proceed as he in- Coast) 14 per cent., the United King- tended through German East Africa dom 4 per cent., and other countries 3 back to the Kongo, he returned to per cent. Mr. Newton states that a mis-

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Uganda, thence striking west through into words." Among the activities that Taro, south to Lake Edward, across to are being conducted are a cafeteria, a the Kongo, and so down to Bolopo, rest-room with a trained nurse, a nurwhere Baptist missionaries had the pleas- sery where mothers may check their ure of welcoming him. He has now babies, a night school for women emgone down to the Lower Kongo, and ployees, moving-pictures of Association proposes to return to the East Coast via work, and Sunday vesper services, the the Kasai, Sankuru, on to the Lualaba, attendance at which has numbered as thence south through Katanga to the many as 2,100. A man passing through head of the Cape-to-Cairo Railway, and he building stopt one day to say, "If across to his own mission in the N yassa- this is applied Christianity, certainly the land and down the Zambesi. The jour- subject is worth investigation," and ney is a remarkable illustration of the many young women to whom the buildwonderful way in which the Dark Con- ing has been indeed "A House of Friendtinent has been laid open. liness," have exprest their intention of joining the Association when they re- Germany's Loss in Africa turn to their homes.

THE complete conquest of German Immigration and the War Southwest Africa on July 9th was preceded-tho the fact was not known ONE of the marked effects of the until later-by the capture of Ngaun- European war has been the lessenclere, an important town in the heart of ing by about two-thirds of the number the German Kamerun, presaging the of immigrants coming to our shores. An speedy conquest of that great colony excellent opportunity is thus given to with an area of 191,000 square miles and the entire country to consider carefully a population of 2,540,000, the last re- the heretofore too-much-neglected quesmaining German colony except German tion of the treatment and protection of East Africa. The loss of German the alien after admission. Various Southwest Africa was the most serious agencies are facing this opportunity with of all, for that was the most prized of seriousness. "The Committee for Imall German colonies and the one which migrants in America" has awakened inhad cost most. terest in the naturalization and Ameri- canization of the immigrant. Boards of NORTH AMERICA Education in many cities are united with them in this work. Commissioner Howe The Y. W. C. A. at the Exposition and his associates at El1i.s Island and commissioners and officers of other ports THE building of the Young Women's are giving encouragement to these en- Christian Association at the Pan- deavors, and have inaugurated some exama-Pacific Exposition is having an cellent plans for improving the methods average daily attendance of 3,870, and of receiving the immigrant and caring the Club House, erected in the pleasure for those detained. concession, is rendering a unique service to the girls who are employed in the The Home Missions Council and the various attractions. One of the officials Council of Women for Home Missions of the Exposition has stated "The Ex- are seeking to formulate some plan by position management feels itself very which the denominational forces enfortunate in having the Young Women's gaged in this work at the ports of entry Christian Association here. The value may unify their work and bring it into of the work from our point of view can effective cooperation with all other agennot be measured, and our appreciation cies working toward the same end. of all that you are doing can not be put

Evangelistic Work Among Russians Frank L. Moore, Superintendent of T HERE are about one million Rus- =ongregational Home Missions in Col- sians in the United States. Some orado, says that the good Mormon is of these are Jews but many of them be- actually proud of the institution of poly- long nominally to the Russian "orthodox gamy, and preaches it and teaches it in j;hurch." In reality they are largely his Sunday-schools. He quotes from the ignorant of what Christianity really most recently published Sunday-school means. Rev. William Fetler of Petro- outlines, and a pamphlet entitled "Doc- grad, who is now in exile, hopes to de- trines and Covenants," including one vote his time during the present war called "Revelation on the Eternity of the to the evangelization of Russians in the Marriage Covenant, Including Plurality United States. A Convention of Rus- of Wives. Given through Joseph the sian and Ruthenian Christians was re- . Seer." In order to make these and cently held under his leadership in New similar facts widely known, the National York City, and was attended by fifty- Reform Association has been conducting eight delegates, some of whom came for months an Anti-Mormon Crusade.

from Canada. A Russian Union was BY Prohibition in Canada formed, and the following plans of work about 15,000 majority the Canadecided upon: The establishing of a brief Bible dian province of Alberta has voted course for the Russian preachers and that the sale of liquor shall be prohibited pastors and the preparation of a cor- throughout that domain after July 1, respondence course of lectures for such 1916. Under the law all liquors handled Russian preachers as could not attend for medicinal, scientific, and sacramental the Bible course; the publication of a purposes after July 1st will be handled Russian religious monthly; the opening by dispensaries under control of the of a Russian Christian immigration government. Residents of the province home in the city of New York, and the may import liquor from other jurisdic- sending out of evangelists. tions. Alberta's decision will have a The Baptist City Mission Society profound effect in Manitoba, where a plans to develop its work among Rus- referendum is to be taken soon on pro- sians with the help of Rev. Michael hibition. The nine provinces of the Lodsin, a missionary at Ellis Island, Dominion are now abreast of the United who hopes to devote his whole time to States in the fight on the liquor curse.

reaching Russians in homes, restaurants, In Prince Edward Island a province- factories and on the streets of New wide prohibitory law is in effect, and in York. N ova Scotia a prohibition law applies I Mormons and Polygamy to the entire province except the city of « T is apparent to all close observers Halifax. In New Brunswick, Quebec, that the Mormon Church does not and Ontario local option laws have for- intend to give up polygamy. It. is plain, bidden the sale of liquor in more than on the contrary, that they intend to es- half of the towns. In Saskatchewan tablish it more firmly and that they will the private liquor trade was abolished openly proclaim it again as a divine in- beginning last July 1st, but a govern- stitution so soon as they think they are ment dispensary system was authorized.

in a position to do so. Their every en- A provincial license law alone governs deavor is to strengthen their position by liquor sales in British Columbia, while extending their political contro1." in the Northwest Territories sale of These statements are attributed to liquor is regulated by the law of the Senator DuBois, of Idaho, and Rev. Dominion.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

An Attack on Negro Education LATIN AMERICA ABILL which was introduced in the Mexico Wide Open to the Gospel Georgia legislature to prohibit whites from teaching blacks in that state was A CHRISTIAN worker in Mexico checked in committee. Leading white voices the general opinion of mismen in the state supported colored men sionary experts, when he says that presin their opposition to the bill, and the ent unsettled conditions have created press spoke out strongly against it. Its among the people an unprecedented author, Senator Way, who claims to be -desire for the Gospel of Christ. a friend of the colored people, states that he was led to frame the bill because It may surprize some to know that in the students from the A. M. A. school a great part of Mexico there is comin Dorchester, Ga., were so different parative peace. Even in districts where from the ordinary type of negroes. fighting is going on, conditions are the Friends of mission schools see in this same as th·. ".e found in any war-stricken statement a striking tribute to the effec- country. They are not to be compared tiveness of such institutions. The op- ",,-ith the unrest and devastation in the ponents of the bill are organized and war zones of Europe. endeavoring to keep it, if possible, from getting out of the committee, as "There is not a state of anarchy in there might be danger of its passage in Mexico," writes the missionary. "Bancase it came to a discussion in which dits do not roam about the country race passion should be aroused. Its pas- plundering and murdering. The great sage would seriously handicap, in the crisis that Mexico faces to-day is one of city of Atlanta alone, such institutions finances. Mexican money is practically as Atlanta University, Morehouse Col- worthless to-day, making it impossible lege, Spelman Seminary, Clark Univer- for merchants to import articles. Neversity, and Gammon Theological Semi- theless, people continue to carryon th<!ir nary. various trades. The worst conditions are to be found in cities. In the small Industrial Training in Porto Rico towns and country districts, work goes on almost the same as usual." THE Polytechnic Institute at San German, Porto Rico, is giving a Dr. John W. Butler, of Mexico City, Christian industrial education, and lay- has made the statement that this is the ing the foundations for a trained native golden opportunity for Christian work leadership in the Church. Most of the in Mexico. The religious interest maniboys and girls come from poor homes fested has never before been equaled. and have little money, but they are glad M-issionaries are doing a larger work of an opportunity to work for an educa- than ever and Protesta'lt mission schools tion. have more students than they can pos- sibly handle. The students labor on farm and garden, in the kitchen and dining-room, 111 The feeling against Protestants that the laundry and sewing-room, and in strongly prevailed for so many years, is workshops, and so bring the cost of now fading away, since Mexicans are living to the minimum. coming to realize that Christ is a vital power to those who trust Him. The Polytechnic Institute has had its main support from the Presbyterian Several officers in the various Mexi- Board of Home Missions; but the Board can armies are young men who have athas decided that, owing to special finan- tended mission schools, and naturally cial stress, it can not grant the $5,000 have created a favorable sentiment torequired for next year's work. ward the missionaries. Mexico needs Christ, Mare than this, Mexico is be- ginning to realize her need of Christ.

Social Service in South America cause of the unfamiliarity of prospective students with the conditions, both social ONE thing which the visitor to South and scholastic, which they will meet in America misses from the life of England. They need to be informed of the young people generally, and especial- what preparation is necessary for enly from the lives of the young women, trance to the colleges; of what courses is the absorption in various forms of so- of study they can most profitably pursue, cial service which has in the past few of where suitable lodgings can be seyears become almost a passion among cured, of what colleges are best suited large numbers of our Christian young to supply their wants, and a multitude of people in North America. The young other things need to be made plain to woman of South America, beautiful and them. admirable in many ways, has, because of social customs, been taught to look The Kikuyu Controversy Continued forward only to marriage and home comforts as the ends of her existence. ECHOES of Kikuyu are still to be Higher education is therefore consid- heard. Shortly after the publicaered superfluous for women, and active tion of the decision of the Archbishop participation in community betterment of Canterbury, which was reported in movements is almost unknown. In view the July REVIEW, a number of clergyof that fact, the work of Miss Estella C. men met in Westminster, and adopted Long, in Montevideo, Uruguay, is note- the following resolution: "That since worthy. She has organized the first the policy of admitting members of teacher-training class among young wo- separatist bodies to Holy Communion, men of South America, and the girls or of admitting them to preach in the are taking hold of their work eagerly. pulpits of the Church, is contrary to ec- They are using as a text-book a Spanish clesiastical order, those present at this translation of the late Dr. Hamill's "Le- meeting pledge themselves, before region of Honor" course, and are engag- newing their subscriptions to foreign ing in many "through-the-week activi- missions or making further collections ties" which are excellent forms of so- in their behalf, to obtain in every case cial service. They have organized a an assurance that the practises mencradle-roll, and each girl is responsible tioned above will not be permitted withfor enrolling and caring for ten babies. in the sphere of the mission to be sup- They have also formed a sewing guild ported." to provide clothing for the poor children of their community. It has been stated that 500 clergymen have pledged themselves to support this BRITISH ISLES action. The Church Missionary Review comments: "It would be interesting to Indian Students in England have an opportunity of looking over the list in order to discover how much the DURING the year ending June 30, Church's missionary work will be af- 1914, the British Government, fected in the event of the assurance de- manded not being given. From another through the Department of the Secre- point of view, the humor of the position tary for Indian students, spent £5,769 has not escaped some of the more logical 18s. IOd. for the purpose of being of minds of the party to· which these genassistance to Indian students in Eng- tlemen belong. A correspondent asks land. The Report on the work of the in the Church Times whether it lies Indian Students' Department is of much within his province as a layman to deinterest. There are some 1,600 or 1,iOO mand such a pledge of a missIOnary Indian students in schools in England. bishop. We may press the further The need for the Department arises bc-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

query, whether it lies within the prov- gusted with the attitude of the Papacy ince of a missionary society to demand toward their poor country. They would it ?" be delighted to find a form of faith THE CONTINENT which would not do violence to their patriotism. This opportunity should be In the Trenches seized to start at once a real Christian and Evangelical propaganda, basing it- ONWARD, a young people's paper self more especially on the Gospel of published in Toronto, has the follow- St. John, which is so' welcome to so ing to say about war and Christianity: many Belgians who have been obliged to give up sectarian and dogmatic teach- "A wounded man, speaking of some of ing. There is, besides, a distinguished his mates, said that in the barracks they Belgian, Comte Goblet d'Alvietta, now used to tell him that they were infidels; Ministre d'Etat and Vice-President du that they did not believe in God nor in Senat of Belgium, who has always pub- Christianity-but that after their ex- licly upheld by speech and writings the perience in the trenches they had lost Protestant propaganda in Belgium." their infidelity. 'They pray now,' said he. 'There are no infidels in the trenches.' Religion in German Prison Camps "These men could deride Christian PROF. ADOLF DEISSMAN, of Ber- .comrades in the quiet of the barracks, lin University, writes that a mosque jeer at churches and ministers as they has been erected in the prison camp at lounged idly in English towns, and ap- Wiinsdorf, for captured Mohammedans. plaud with great gusto infidel orators in On July 13th this mosque was dedicated the parks; but when those comrades in the presence of the Turkish Ambaswere smitten dead beside them, or when sador to Germany, Mahmud Mukhtar they themselves, dreadfully wounded, Pasha, and others connected with the lay upon the cold earth or languished in Turkish Embassy in Berlin. The Mosthe hospitals, their infidelity oozed away, lem prisoners were told that the mosque and their minds turned back to a was a gift from the Kaiser. mother's prayers, the simple Sundayschool songs, and the words of the great Other religious services are held in old Book to find there comfort and hope. f;erman prison camps. A Church of England service every Sunday, con- "It is the old story which the ages ducted by Rev. H. M. Williams, the have retold thousands of times over, that British Chaplain in Berlin, and Mr. A. the religion of Christ is the one thing J. Kemp, of the Hamburg Seamen's which abides all tests-good, supremely Mission. Wednesday evening services good, in peace and in war, in health and are interdenominational and are conin suffering, in life and in death." ducted by British prisoners. Roman The Gospel for Belgian Refugees Catholic mass is celebrated every morn- ing, and Gennan Protestant services at A WRITER in the Protestant Women, stated intervals. One notice reads: Dr. G. Smets Mondez, is surprized "In England there has been a great that so little is done to spread the Gos- revival of family prayers. The late pel in its simplicity among the Belgian Lord Roberts started the movement.

refugees in England. He says: "The "In the camp there is five minutes of moment for such an effort seems to me common prayer evenings at 9 o'clock.

singularly happy; there are many Ro- "The camp services are got up by men man Catholic Belgians de bonne foi- in camp for the camp. Suggestions and more than one thinks-who are dis- advice are always welcome." .

MISCELLANEOUS appointed to China by the Presbyterian Board in 1883, and altho, in 1892, he was "S Giving or Relinquishing forced on account of health to retire O Mr. Jones gave $5,000 to missions from active service; two years later, in at his death, did he?" was asked 1894, he was reappointed. In 1901 he of a minister the other day. The answer was elected president of the Shantung was: "I did not say he gave it, but he Christian University, which position he left it; perhaps I should more explicitly held until he was finally compelled by have said that he relinquished it, be- ill-health to return to the United States. cause he could no longer hold it." The Since returning he has been a member distinction needs to be kept in mind: one of the faculty of the Kennedy School only "gives" when living; he "relin- of Missions at Hartford. quishes" at death.-Selected.

R Catholic Missions Handicapped Philip W. Pitcher of China OMAN Catholic Missions are being ON July 21st the Rev. Philip W. Pit- profoundly affected by the war, and their friends seem to feel that the re- cher, one of the senior missionaries sponsibility to help rests especially upon of the Amoy Mission of the Reformed the Roman Catholic Church in the Church in America, died from heart United States. The need for men is ap- failure, at Kuliang, China. Last year parently quite as great as that for Mr. Pitcher had a severe illness from money. One Tyrolese priest, at work which he recovered in large part, but in South India, writes: which left him quite weak and unable to carryon his usual heavy tasks. "We Catholics must have missioners of every flag in the field. The necessity Mr. Pitcher went out to China just for this is clearly shown just now, when thirty years ago and has rendered from India about 45 French priests are efficient service in Amoy. being called to the colors, while the Germans and Austrians are cut off from Wm. M. Upcraft of China their respective countries so completely that they can not receive alms or even THE REV. W. M. UPCRAFT, for private letters from their friends at some years a Baptist missionary at home. The sooner American Catholic priests come to the East the better." Yunan-fu, China, died there August 15 at the age of 55. During the Boxer re- Other heads of missionary enterprises bellion Mr. Upcraft acted as interpreter ill India, China, Japan, and Korea tell for the British army. the same story of "gaps made in the ranks of the Lord," and of the cutting A Rev. E. R. Miller of Japan off of the accustomed money contribu- FTER completing more than four tions from Europe and the need of help decades of missionary service in from America. One heavy item of loss Japan, in the seventy-second year of his is the apparently large number of young age, and while on furlough in this coun- French priests called to perform their try, the Rev. Edward Rothesay Miller, military duty. of the North Japan Mission of the Re- formed Church, was taken to his reward OBITUARY NOTES on August 7, 1915. His service has been characterized by great faithfulness in Paul D. Bergen of China the direction of distinctly evangelistic work, and by deep sympathy with the DR. PAUL DAVID BERGEN, ex- Japanese people. Hi8 chief contribu- president of Shantung Christian tions have been in the direction of city and village evangelism, and of literary College, died the middle of August at work in connection with the editing of a his home in West Avon, Conn. He was Japanese Christian magazine.

ON HI IONS /.wt?"

AND MISSION LANDS ,~ ,…….. . "".,…………/.,/ The Fight for Peace. An Aggressive III the plan, scope, purpose and power Campaign for American Churches. By of missionary work. If every school Sidney L. Gulick, D.D. 12mo., 192 pp., would adopt this as a part of a teacher- 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Company, training course they would find not only '1915. a new spirit in the work of the school but greater results in conversions, char- Dr. Gulick gives expression to the acter-building and service. The studies conviction which prevails among Chris- refer to missions both at home and tians in regard to world-militarism, and abroad. seeks to stir the Church to faith in its own vision of world-peace and to leader- The Bible and Life. By Bishop Edwin ship in a crusade to win it. He finds Holt Hughes. 8vo., 239 pp., $1.00, net. the causes of the European tragedy in The Methodist Book Concern, New the selfish ambitions which are the basis York, 1915. of national life, and declares that These practical Bible Studies were "Golden Rule Internationalism is the only practicable method of establishing given as the first series of Mendenhall world-peace." The Golden Rule must lectures in De Pauw University. Bishop universally be "made supreme in speech Hughes has showed clearly and forceas well as in conduct, in the acttvlttes fully the bearing of the Bible on Life, of the press no less than in those of Man, Home, Education, Work, Wealth, diplomacy." Dr. Gulick sets forth in Sorrow, and Conduct. They will repay detail the Christian method which should a careful study on the part of teachers characterize the relations of the United and students. States with Mexico, Japan, and China. "The churches of America should seri- Getting Things From God. By Rev. ously consider the paradox of their ap- Charles A. Blanchard, D.D. 8vo., 270 parent interest in foreign missions (for pp. 75 cents. Bible Institute Colportage they give some $17,000,000 annually for Association, Chicago, 1915. this great enterprise), and their appar- Prayer is either the greatest force or ent indifference to these obstacles which are due to governmental disregard of the greatest farce in the Christian life. treaties with Asiatic peoples. For the Dr. Blanchard shows what prayer is success of their missions is intimately and how prayer life may be developed dependent on the maintenance of the and become a power in the experience Golden Rule in diplomacy and of Chris- of those who are willing to pay the tian treatment of Asiatics in America." price. It is a Biblical and a practical The Sunday-School Teacher and the study. Program of Jesus. By George H. Trull and Jay S. Stowell. 12mo. 160 The Speaker's Handbook. 64 pages. pp., 50 cents. The Westminster Press, Published by the Executive Committee Phila., 1915. of the United Missionary Campaign, Metropolitan Building, New York. This latest book on Missions in the No volume in the same space gives so Sunday-school is especially adapted for a text-book to train officers and teachers many valuable suggestions for mission- ary speakers. There are ideas gathered from many sources concerning prayer, the press, addresses, study, team work, leadership, recruits, money, administra- tion, etc.

Board of Missionary Preparation. study of the subject, and gives the Fourth Report. Dr. Frank K. Sanders, facts that must form the basis for con- Director. Paper covers. 8vo., 427 pp. clusions. There are now nearly 100,000 50 cents. Board of Missionary Prepara- Japanese in the Western States. They tion, N ew York, 1915.

There is no clearer indication of the are clannish and difficult to assimilate.

development of the science of missions Only about one-tenth have their wives and the thoroughness with which the in America, and their moral ideals are whole subject is studied to-day than this very different from those of Christian report of one of the Boards associated American mothers. The moral danger with the Foreign Missions Conference is great, and there is need for more ag- of North America. The Board is made gressive missionary work among them.

up of experts on Missions and Educa- They greatly complicate the problem tion, and the work is divided among of wages and labor in the West, but over 100 men and women who study and are peaceable and generally law-abid- report on the best type of preparation ing. The author advocates a new im- required for the various Foreign Mission migration law, applicable impartially to fields-China, India, Japan, Latin Amer-. all races, which will limit the immigra- ica, the Near East (Moslem Lands), tion annually from any foreign land Pagan Africa-Educational Missions, so as not to exceed 5 per cent. of those and Language Study. The report of from that land who have taken out each committee is thorough and com- their second papers and the number plete, and includes a list of books for born of immigrant parents. This will the study of missionaries and of candi- relieve the feeling in Japan concerning dates. The report is worthy of careful America's discrimination against Jap- study by missionaries and by the facul- anese, and at the same time will limit ties of theological seminaries, universi- all immigration on a common basis. No ties, and schools of missionary prepar- discrimination against them should be ation. made after they have been admitted; Negro Year Book. An Annual Encyclo- also only those who would be eligible pedia of the Negro. Monroe N. Work, to American citizenship should be ad- Editor; paper, 8vo., 429 pp. 25 cents mitted. net. Negro Year Book Publishing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, 1915. The Spell of Japan. By Isabel Ander- son. Illustrated. 8vo. 396 pp. $2.50, This is the volume from which caine net. The Page Company, Boston, 1915.

most of the interesting facts and figures in regard to the progress of American As the wife of the American Am- Negroes. In business, education, re- bassador to the court of Japan, Mrs.

ligion, and social development their ad- Anderson enjoyed special opportunities vancement has been remarkably en- of coming under the spell of Japanese couraging. courtesy, history, natural beauties, and The Japanese Problem in the United romance. She witnessed exclusive func- States. By H. A. Mills. Illustrated. tions, met many of the nobility of the 8vo. 324 pp. The Macmillan Co., 1915. land, and learned much that the ordi- This is a real problem and calls for nary resident or visitor would miss.

serious study and a solution. It in- She used her privileges to good advan- volves the future of America (especially tage, and has given us a volume of the Pacific Coast), and of Japan, as rare charm. The reader is introduced well as the relations between the two to the cream of Japanese art, history, countries. Mr. Mills, who is profes- literature, society, and customs, and so sor of Economics in the University of comes under the spell of country and Kansas, has made a comprehensive people. Mrs. Anderson also knows

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

something of Japanese religion, and of Palestine, Egypt, and India, and back Protestant missionary work. Her chapter on "New Light for Old" gives to America by way of China and J acredit to Christianity for Japan's progress, tells of Miss Tsudo's school for pan. It is full of interesting detailsyoung women, and writes appreciatively of the various missionary agencies, but and of others not so interesting. The from rather limited study and observation. The author believes that Japan illustrations are good in quantity and needs Christianity, but that the form of subject, but poor in quality. The narra- Christianity "ultimately evolved in Ja- tive is an intelligent running comment pan will have very little in common with its various prototypes in the on places and people by travelers who Orient." had eyes to see and hearts to appreciate Thirteen Years in Mexico. Letters of the Rev. Charles W. Drees. 276 pp. The the spiritual importance of conditions Abingdon Press, New York. These interesting letters afford a read- and needs in the Orient.

able record of his experiences in the The Annual Report of the Scripture early days of Protestant missionary Gift Mission of London reads like a work in this now storm-tossed country. The letters have been arranged and romance, and deals almost entirely with edited by his wife, who has had particularly in view the yoring people of the work among British soldiers and the churches whom she is eager to have interested in the evangelization of sailors and those of the Allied nations. Mexico. She has done her work with literary skill and sympathetic fidelity. A copy will be sent to any friend en- "Rome." In Scripture and History. By closing 3d. Thousands and thousands F. C. Jennings. Pamphlet. 10 cents. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1914. of copies of God's Word have been cir- This brief "expose" of the Roman culated which must be watered. Every- Catholic Church gives many indisputable facts with which people should be body can pray to the Lord of the Harmade acquainted. While our readers will not agree with all the positions vest in earnest tones that the brave men taken, it is clear that until the Papacy is revolutionized and regenerated there is may be led to a saving knowledge of evidently no true basis for cooperation with evangelical Christians, and much the Lord Jesus Christ before they are reason to oppose the teachings and practises that are distinctive of Ro- called upon to pass from time into etermamsm. nity. Among Missions in the Orient. By J. S. Hartzler and J. S. Shoemaker. Il- The Chairman of the Mission is the lustrated. 8vo. 467 pp. $1.50. Men- Rev. Preb. H. W. Webb-Peploe and the onite Publishing House, Scottdale, Pa., 1912. To be obtained' from J. S. Shoe- Secretary, Francis C. Brading, 15 maker, Freeport, Illinois. The tour of which this volume is a Strand, London, W,c., who will gladly report was taken five years ago, and included a journey across Europe, into give any further information which may be desired.

NEW BOOKS "Called." By E. May Crawford. 8vo., 183 pp" 28. 6d. net. Church Missionary Society, London, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By the Rev. James Stalker, D.D. (Second edition.) l2mo., 281 pp., $125 net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1915.

The Three R's of Rescue Mission Work -Ruin, Rescue, and Recovery. By Philip I. Roberts. 12mo., 63 pp. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1915.

Christianity and the Jew. An Appeal to the Church of Christ to Preach the Gospel to the Jew. By Delaware W. Scott. 12mo. 100 pp. 75 cents, net. Standard Pub. Co., Cincinnati, 1915.

History of Christian Missions. By Charles Henry Robinson, D.D. 8vo., xiv-533 pp. $2,50, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915.

Village and Town Life in China. By Y. K. Leong, LL.D. xi-ISS pp. 5s.. net. Allen & Unwin, London, 1915.

The Fourth Report of the Board of Foreign Missions Conference of North Missionary Preparation (for N?rth America. Being the Report of the America). Edited by Frank Kmght Twenty;-Second Conference of Foreign SofandMiesrs~ioPnha.rDy. 427 pp., 50 cents. Board Mission Boards in the United States and Preparation, New York, Canada. At Garden City, New York, 1915. China and the Gospel. An I1lustr~ted January 13-14, 1915. 235 pp. 20 cents.

Report of the China Inland MIssIOn, Foreign Missions Conference, 25 Madi- 1915. 98 pp. China Inland Missions, son Avenue, New York, 1915.

Philadelphia and London, 1915. The Meat of the Melon. Being a brief Annual Report and List of Contribu- setting forth, under the figure of the tions for the Year 1914 of the Metho- luscious and popular fruit of Southern dist Missionary Society of Australia. fields, of the work of the Home Mission Illustrated 107 pp. Methodist Mission- Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- ary Society, Sydney, Australia, 1915. tion for the fiscal Hyoema~r 1914-1915. By Victor 1. Masters. Mission Board Children of Wild Australia. Hy Herbert of the Southern Baptist ConventIOn, Pitts. 16mo., 90 pp., illustrated, 60 cents, Atlanta, Georgia, 1915. net. F1eming H. Revell Co., New York, Report of the First General Conference 1915. of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of In the Land of the Cherry Blossom. By America. Held in the Assembly HalI, Maude Whitmore Madden. 12mo., 192 United Charities Building, New York, pp., illustrated. 75 cents, net. Fleming April 6 to 9, 1915. Pp. 48.. Hebrew H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. . Christian Alliance of America, New The Church Vacation School. A DIS- York, 1915. cussion of its Principles, with Practical A Great Counterfeit, or, The False and Suggestions for its Foundation and Ad- Blasphemous Religion Called Russellministration. By Harriet Chapell. 12mo., ism and Millennia1 Dawnism. As 160 pp., 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Taught in a Series of Books. entitled Revell Co., New York, 1915. "Studies in the Scriptures." By 1. M. The Western Hemisphere in the World Haldeman, D.D. Pp. 39, 10 cents. of To-Morrow. By Franklin Henry Charles C. Cook, 150 Nassau St., New nGeitd. dinFglse~iLnLg.DH. . 16mo., 48 pp., 35 cents, Revel1 Co., New York, York, 1915.

1915. The Seven Great Parables. By Mrs.

The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems George Needham. Pp. 47, 10 cents.

of Democracy. By Henry C. Vedder. Charles S. Cook, New York, 1915.

ix-410 pp. 6s. 6d., net. Macmillan, Lon- A Song of Praise in Time of Battle.

don, 1914. Being the Jubilee Report of the China The Expansion of Russia. By G. H. Inland Missions. Pp. 11. China Inland Skrine. 6s., net. Cambridge University Missions, London and Philadelphia, 1914.

. Press, 1915. . Two Men and Russellism. By 1. M.

Russian Life To-day. By Bishop Bury. Haldeman, D.D. Pp. 64, 10 cents.

270 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Mowbray, London Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915.

1915. .. Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Hints Woman's Mysteries of a Primitive for Missionary Meetings, 1915. May- People. By D. Amaury Talbot. 252 pp. December. Board of Foreign Missions, lOs. 6d., net. Cassell, London, 1915. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915.

On Some Painters of the Renaissance. Raymond Lull and Six Centuries of By Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson. National Islam. By the Rev. H. U: Weitbrecht, Council Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon, Ph.D., D.D. Id., net. Society for Pro- Calcutta, 1915. moting Christian Knowledge, London, Arabia Infelix, or The Turks in Yamen. 1915.

By G. Wyman Bury. x-213 pp. 75. 6d., Guaranteeing the Future. American net. Macmillan, London, 1915. Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Bos- Stories of Indian Gods and Heroes. By ton, 1915.

IV. D. Munro. 253 pp. 5s., net. Harrap, Report upon the Conditions and Needs 1912. . of the Indians of the Northwest Coast.

Origin of the Chinese People and Their By Samuel A. Eliot, Member Board of Script. By the Rev. John Ross, D.D. Indian Commissioners. 28 pp. Wash- Bishop, Edinburgh, 1915. ington' D. c., 1915. The Dawning of the Morning. Including PAMPHLETS "The Civilizing Effect of Missions in The Iron Cross. By James Church Al- Asia Minor," by Wm. M. Ramsay; "The vord. 31 pp. 10 cents. M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., 1915. Menace and Challenge of Islam," by F.

Kikuyu. By the Archbishop of Canter- G. Coan; "The Birth of Bulgarian Prot- bury. 70 pp. Is., net. Macmillan Co., London, 1915. estantism," by D. N. Furnajieff; "In the Throes of War." 40 pp. 6d. Bible Lands Missions' Aid Society, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1915

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SSIONA~Y FI~ES r. Among the American Indians "friendship-making" is a solemn act. Henry Roe Cloud, the young VVinnebago boy who took Jesus for his Friend therefore made a life choice and is to-day a Christian leader among Reel Men. (See page 334.) 2. American missionaries showed their faith when they celebrated in Bag- dad the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Arabian Mission under the shadow of the great war, and asked for six new missionaries and increased funds. (See page 360.) 3. Truly heroic giving is illustrated in a poor Kansas farmer and his wife, living in humble surroundings and in feeble health, who have given thousands of dollars to the Mission to Lepers. (See page 355.) 4. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton says that the most powerful missionary object- lesson he ever saw was when a Christian Zulu chief brought savages to church to show the contrast between them and Zulu Christians, and so to demonstrate what missions have done for his people. (See page 352.) 5. About half the number of those who come to the United States from Hungary are Magyars, who furnish relatively a larger percentage of Protestants than any other class of the new immigrants. (See page 367.) 6. Korean Christians show the type of their religious interest by meeting at five o'clock in the morning for prayer. As a result, a genuine revival is in progress in Seoul. (See page 326.) 7. American missionaries in India are helping to make peace by securing from the British Government special courtesies for the German mis- sionaries interned in India. (See page 382.) 8. American Episcopalians have started a movement among church-mem- bers to give one day's income as a special contribution to missions this year. (See page 385.) 9. The interest of soldiers in the Bihle is shown by the fact that a Gospel owned by a British soldier at the front is borrowed so constantly by his companions that he says he seldom has a chance to read it himself. (See page 389.) 10. A Young Chinese engineer, who was converted while a student in Boston, has organized Bible-classes now attended by 800 Chinese young men. (See page 392 .) 11. Chinese officials in Hunan, once a violently anti-foreign province, have asked the Yale Mission to cooperate with them in conducting a medical school for the province. (See page 392 .) 12. On Sunday mornings in Mbereshi, Africa, all the Christians who are not out preaching are attending the prayer-meetings. (See page 394·)

HENRY ROE

A Full· Blooded Vin nehago rn dian (See page 329) I EVIE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII. No. MAY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. Old S.rles New Series mSIGNSv OFv THE v 11111111111111111111 MEsm THE CALL TO PRAYER toxicants and other evils may be extended and may prevail. THERE never was greater need for 2. The unfortunate land of Mexico– united and earnest prayer on the that the internal strife may be part of Christians all over the world succeeded by true liberty and the that the love of Christ may be shed knowledge of God, and that the abroad in the hearts of men, that the Protestant missions may soon be work of God may not be hindered able to carry forward their coamong unbelievers, and that all may operative campaigns. speedily learn the lessons of the awful conflict now baptizing Europe 3. The Latin American Conference at and parts of Asia and Africa in hu- Panama, in February, I9I6-For .man blood and tears. We will men- the commissions preparing for tion a few of the many conditions this conference and for the misand events that call for prayer. They sionaries, the Church, and the un- have been mentioned in the REVIEW saved multitudes. or will be found in this number: 4. For Persia-that the suffering 1. The warring nations-for rulers, Christians may be relieved and soldiers, prisoners, doctors, and rescued, and that the present sad nurses, widows and orphans, and experience may be used to turn Christian workers-that the the thoughts of both Moslems and Spirit of Christ may drive out the nominal Christians to God, as' in spirit of hatred; that the earnest China after the Boxer troubles. seeking after God may spread, and that the campaign against in- 5. For Turkey-that the missionaries may be protected and guided, and that the Christian religious teach- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ In the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by can· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

ing in mission-schools and col- Israel and may be the means of leges may not be hindered. promoting missions to the Jews in 6. For Japan and Korea-that the three a more effective way.

years' evangelistic campaign to 12. For the Christian Church-that the reach all unvisited areas in Japan Church may be purified and filled may proceed with power from with the Spirit, that the minis- God, and that the present awaken- ters may preach the pure Gospel ing in Korea may continue and with power, and that the worldli- grow. ness and cowardice and weakness 7. For China-that the work already of Christians may be displaced by reported among students and Godliness, self-sacrifice, and the leaders may be abiding and may energy of the Spirit of God.

bring multitudes to see in Christ THE CRISIS IN PERSIA the only hope of China; also that the present negotiations with T HE Christians in Persia are cry- Japan may result in treaties that will help and not hinder true lib- ing aloud to God for help, as did erty and peace and progress in the Children of Israel in the days of China and in the Orient. Pharoah's oppression. Fifteen thou- 8. For India-that the mass move- sand of them are in the mission "Com- ments may be so directed and used that those who desire to con-' pounds of Urumia, and thousands more are facing death or worse in fess Christ may become truly in- cities and villages. Rev. Robert M.

telligent Christians and may help Labaree, who went out ten years ago to develop a strong native church. to take the place of his brother who 9. For Africa-that the warfare be- had been murdered by the 'Kurds, tween avowedly Christian nations now writes appealing for help for may not turn Africans from the these starving t~ousands, who are Gospel, and that German and suffering because they are Chris- British Christians may sink their tians and not Mohammedans. Turks national differences in view of and Kurds are bearing down upon their unity in Christ; also that the them, burning villages, looting prop- progress of Islam may be stayed .erty, killing men and boys, and carry- by the power of the Gospel, and ing away women and children to a that the vast unoccupied areas may have messengers of Christ. fate worse than death. More than ID. For the Mohammedan world-that fifty thousand dollars are needed fanaticism and blindness may be immediately if these sufferers are not removed and the way opened for to die of starvation on the mission secret believers to confess Christ premises. as Lord; that Dr. Zwemer's work In the days of Pharoah there were in Egypt among students and sol- diers may result in many conver- no human servants of God who sions. could be called upon to relieve His II. For the Jews-that the Hebrew people's distress, and He called into Christian Alliance, now one year operation His mighty forces of nature old, may succeed in uniting har- to effect their release. To-day mil- moniously Hebrew Christians, and lions of men and women profess to may be used to awaken the Church be ready to follow His bidding- to tl-.e need of giving the Gospel to "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto

OF THE

one of the least of these my brethren, and there has been some clashing ye have done it unto Me." This caB among Turks of the War Party and comes to Christians in America most the Peace Party at Constantinople, loudly and insistently, They are most the Peace Party being the stronger, free from the awful strain of war, and but without much leadership, while their missionaries have been working the War Party has an the German in Persia for eighty years, and are officers and the army and navy on its the only ones in a position to ren- side. der the needed help.* In case Russia takes control of Persia is undergoing a baptism of parts of Turkey, the change will blood, and if the Christian Church probably not materially interfere with gives the needed sympathy and as- the missionary work. Russia has sistance we may see even more won- shown increasing liberality in the last derful results than have followed in ten years, and the war will possibly China, where the attempt to stamp result in greater liberalization of Rusout Christianity fifteen years ago re- sian administration and in advancing sulted in the physical death of 10,000 the Kingdom of God in Turkey. Mis- Christians, but has borne fruit in the sionaries write in a hopeful tone for awaking into spiritual life of hun- the future. A door of approach is dreds of thousands of those who were .opening to the Moslems surpassing spiritually dead in Boxer days. Truly, anything in the ninety years' experi- Christianity in Persia is at a crisis, ence of the American Board in Turbut it may be a crisis that may, be key. turned to victory. On the other hand, letters from TMISSIONARY PERILS IN TURKEY Asia Minor describe an attitude on HE storming of the Dardanelles the part' of the Turks in authority and the Bosporus has caused that looks very threatening toward some to fear that the missionaries in Christians of any race aside from Turkey may be in peril. All letters the Germans. Many Greeks, Armefrom Constantinople, Smy~a, and nians, and Protestants are in terror Asia Minor, however, report the situ- because of threats and daily outation as quiet. The storming of rages. Greeks in one city were im- Smyrna will probably not bring dan- prisoned simply for using the Greek ger to the missionaries. The mission- language. Pictures of bloody massaaries will, no doubt, withdraw to the cres and outrage are posted in Turkcollege grounds outside of the city, ish schoolrooms. "On the walls of a where the American flag will be dis- school for little girls, for instance," played. At Constantinople, Robert says one letter, "hangs a lurid scene College has been selected as the place in blood-red and white. Headless of rendezvous in case the city is bodies lie around; hands, arms, feet, bombarded (which is not anticipa- from all of which blood streams. In ted) . The Turks have made attacks the center stands a Christian hacking # on the Greeks in the Smyrna district, an old man to death. On all these pictures are words certain to arouse *Send contributions to the Persian Relief Fund bitter fanaticism." Spencer Trask & Co., Treasurers, New York' . , The teachers say these pictures are Robert E. Speer. Chairman.

sent by the government, and declare der will gravely affect missionary that they are instructed also to teach work if they are put into operation. the children poems which inculcate Foreign individuals may found prihatred and contempt. One "hodja," vate schools in Turkey only by imon being reasoned with, merely perial firman and in accordance with stamped his foot and said, "So will the Ottoman law, after permission we grind these enemies under our has been granted by the Department feet." of Education.

The American missionaries, for the Some of the conditions indicate the most part, seem to expect little blow that would be struck at Christrouble in case the Allies capture tian missionary education by such Constantinople. Years of kindness, regulations. All schools, without exand the help and friendliness ex- ception, are subject to municipal taxtended in the last few months, have ation. All schools must make oblilaid such foundations of trust that gatory the study in Turkish of the the common people will not carry Turkish language, with the history out the cruel or bloody plans of some and geography of Turkey, the Tur- Moslem leaders. Many Americans kish language being made the language are looking forward to greater inti- of the schoo!. The program of the macy and helpfulness than ever be- schools are to be approved by the fore, growing out of the shared necessary authorities, including the troubles of recent times. approval of all text-books, etc.

MISSION SCHOOLS IN TURKEY One of the most significant of the requirements is: "Pupils who are not THE decree of the Turkish Gov- of the religion and denomination to ernment abrogating the "capitu- which the school belongs shall not be lations" was issued last August. Soon taught the lessons pertaining to reafter this, a governmental order was ligion and sacred history, and shall issued affecting private religious, edu- not be present at prayers." cational, and benevolent institutions in the empire, assuming that previous These orders have been protested agreements were also abrogated, so by the German, Austrian, and Ameri~ that the rights of each institution can ambassadors, each presenting an must be taken up de novo. Institu- identical note to the Turkish Goverl}- tions that have no imperial firman ment. Under this protest execution are reckoned as actually not in exist- of the order was postponed until the ence, and are not to be recognized, 1st of April, and, later, until Septemand were given two months (from ber. There is a general belief that September 18th) to apply directly to the execution of the order will never the Ottoman Government for a fir- be carried out. man, not through any diplomatic representative. Any institution failing to The Governor of the Vilayet of secure its firman within the two Smyrna recently made to the United months' limit was to be immediately States Consul-General at Smyrna a closed. significant statement that indicates the attitude of many Turks toward mis- Some of. the statements in the or- sion schools: "I have the most friendly feeling toward these schoofs

5] SIGNS OF THE

(American schools), and desire to with a Turkish Testament and ex- do nothing to harm them. I wish plain it to them. This is the first the Americans would found more of time that a missionary has been in them in Turkey, as they are a benefit these hostels of students from dis- to the country. I see no reasons for tant Moslem lands. Dr. Zwemer gave taking measures against them, even each man a copy of Arabic tracts, on religious grounds. The clause of from the Nile Mission Press, called the new rules which prescribes that "The Well of Zem Zem, the Well of the school curriculum should be Bethlehem, and the Water of Life."

taught in the Turkish language Mitri Effendi (a Protestant Copt would be equivalent to abolishing from Alexandria), by permission of these institutions, as the staffs of the students, offered an earnest professors in charge could not com- prayer in Arabic, and Mr. Trow- ply with this demand. When I learn bridge followed in prayer in Turkish.

that these regulations have been put In that one hostel there are resident into effect at Robert College, for in- over one hundred Turks, and there stance, I will then decide what I shall are two or three other such head- do here." quarters or clubs.

The American institutions in Tur- One of the chief sheikhs of the Az- key will decline to pay the assess- har, who openly resisted every Chris- ment proposed, even should such an tian influence, has now become very act mean the temporary closing of friendly, in part through Dr. Zwe- the school. American missionaries in mer's influence and in part because Turkey believe that Ambassador of the political change which has put Morgenthau is fully alive to the the English in supreme control. Dr.

situation and is doing everything Zwemer's sermons to Moslems are possible to provide ample protection . bringing many inquirers to his office for American educational interests in for personal conversations.

Turkey.

THE REVIVAL IN FUKIEN THETURKISH STUDENTS IN CAIRO SPIRITUAL tides are rising 111 door is open in Egypt even some of the smaller centers of wider than before the war. The China, tho the results have been less Moslems show renewed interest in widely known than those in the large ~ the message of the missionaries and cItIes. In Shaowu, for example, a in many cases become real inquirers. city of 20,000 inhabitants, in Fukien Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, who went province, where the American Board to Cairo last December to take up has a boys' academy, a carefully work for Moslem children, writes en- planned, prayerfully executed cam- couragingly of visits to the Azhar paign has been carried on along the "university," and subsequent inter- lines that have been successfully fol- views with Turkish students in their lowed in larger cities. Preliminary own rooms. None of these students science lectures, given by Mr. Cole, had read the New Testament, but of Toronto, were heard by over three they promised readily to begin read- thousand people. The evangelist, Mr.

ing it if Mr. Trowbridge would come Yui, is a Harvard alumnus, widely

traveled, active in 191 I in getting the to pray to come to the church at 5 in Revolutionary government onto its the morning, and a number respon- feet, a polished, gifted gentleman, ded, so that soon a revival had be- burning with Christian zeal for his gun. People went to 5 A. M. prayer- country. His message, "China's only meetings, and didn't get home until hope-Jesus Christ," made a pro- noon. The whole church was shaken found impression. The magistrate, from center to circumference, and the the principal of the Middle School, a meetings set the whole city on fire.

former member of parliament, and All the churches began with 5 o'clock the head of the local gentry, presided morning prayer-meetings.

at successive meetings. Seventeen In Pyengang, in less than three hundred men and students attended weeks, more than 3,000 men and his three meetings and 770 women women con fest Christ. After the and girls the two meetings for them. great trial Korea had passed through As a result of these meetings there during the last two years, this re- are 494 men and boys who signed vival comes as a seal from God upon cards expressing a desire to study the the work and as a source of strength Bible, and 143 women and girls. to the Koreans.

Among them are the magistrate, the postmaster, 30 of the gentry, in- OHIO CONVENTION OF METHODIST cluding the teachers in the govern- MEN ment schools. pRO B A B L Y no denominational missionary 'convention has ever METHODIST REVIVAL IN KOREA been held which registered so many REPORTS from Seoul tell of a men as that held at Columbus, Ohio, marked revival in the Methodist on March 17-18-19th. The paid Mission Church. Most of the stu- registrations totaled 3.456, and one dents attend here, and were so deeply notable feature was that everyone of moved that for nearly a week reci- the 35 district superintendents in tations were dispensed with in order Ohio was present.

that the time might be given to medi- The program was strong and broad, tation and prayer. Rev. E. M. Cable and there were powerful messages writes: "The men, with great sob- delivered by Dr. John R. Mott, S.

bing and crying unto God, were Barl Taylor, Rev. A. E. Corey, Mr.• cleansed and filled with the Spirit. W. E. Doughty, Bishop H. C. Stuntz, One could imagine himself back in and others. The survey presented the days of Whitefield." by the use of charts and lantern- The revival began when the Korean slides made a searching analysis of pastor of First Methodist Church felt actual conditions in Ohio. The em- his helplessness and the need of his phasis on prayer and other spiritual people so keenly that he arose very processes, necessary if the church is early every morning and spent an to be victorious, made the convention hour in prayer for them on the a great spiritual power. The meeting south mountain. On rainy mornings should mark a decided advance in the he went into the church. Later, he missionary life and power of the asked any of his people who wanted Methodist churches in Ohio.

EVENTS

May 5th to IIth-National Y. W. C. A. Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 20th to 29th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S., Newport News, Va. 20th to 30th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Rochester, N. Y. 29th-The looth anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, 1815.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 6th to 13th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Cal. 15th to 20th-China Inland Mission Jubilee Conf., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Onto 16th to 22d-Woman's School of Missions, Merriam Park, St. Paul, Minn. 24th to July lst-Woman's Summer School of Missions, VVinona Lake, Ind.

25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2d to 12th-Missionary Education .Mozlement Conj., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th'to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y.

9th to 18th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, lY. Y.

9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Conference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to I7th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 12th to 19th-Missionary Conf. Reformed Church, U. S., Vermillion, O. 14th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. r6th to 23d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. r6th to 25th-Missionary Education Mm'ement Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 18th to 25th-Missionary Conv. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 2zd to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conj., Ocean Park, Me. 23d-The looth anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, r8IS. 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv.,Old Orchard Beach, Me.

Augult 1St to 3d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 4th to 8th-Presbyterian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C.

6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y. 28th to Sept. 6th-Y. Vv. C. A. Student Conference, Lake Geneva, Wis.

"ONE STAR"-A FULL-BLOODED CROW INDIAN IN HIS "WAR BONNET"

Wigwam to

A RED MAN'S OWN STORY OF HIS PROGRESS FROM ,DARKNESS TO LIGHT BY REV. HENRY ROE CLOUD, WINNEBAGO, NEBRASKA A Winnebago Indian. Graduate of Yale University ~I N the bark wigwam on room for the reed mats that were the banks of "The spread out for us to sit on.

. Murky Waters" (Mis- One of my earliest recollections was that of running round and round souri River), in Ne- a big tree while my grandfather shot small arrows toward me. Many years braska, where I was after I learned that he was in this way teaching me how to dodge the – born, life was very arrows of an enemy in time of war.

primitive. Indians never kept birth- Learning to Worship days, but I probably arrived some . My grandmother had twelve chil- dren, and one uncle undertook to time in the winter of r884. My teach me the art of worship. He used to lead me to the sandy banks of father and my mother were both the Missouri' River, where he would set fire to a pile of drift wood, and Winnebago Indians. In the one cir- then, taking me by the hand, sing sacred songs to the fire and river. In cular room of the wigwam, where we the meantime he threw into them of- ferings of tobacco, red feathers, and ate, slept, and made merry, I lived sometimes oak twigs. I never knew the meaning of these offerings, but I until I was ten years old, with my always felt that some living thing· actuated both the fire and the river. father and mother, my brother, my Another uncle came to visit ns pe- riodically, and every time he came sister, and sometimes my grand- my brother or I suffered at his hands. Sometimes he would rush to the mother. The meat was roasted on spring, carrying me horizontally un- der his arm, and would plunge my spits over the central fire, and on head into the water until I almost suffocated. His most common form the coals my mother baked the bread. of discipline was to let me hang by my hands on the cross-poles of' the From chains fastened to poles across wigwam until my arms ached. My body writhed before I dropt. Thi§ the smoke-vent over the fire were often hung kettles of meat and wild beans or maize that gave forth most appetizing odors. But there were many times in a lean year when the black chains had no kettles, and no bread was baked over the ashes and coals. Many a night we went to bed supperJess, but were taught to lie down to rest at such times without' a complaint. If any food was brought home during the night, the children were awakened and were fed first.

Every night mother made our bed on the ground, and during the day the bedding was folded or rolled up in the back part of the wigwam to make

uncle seemed to like best to com- skins for medicine bags. All of the mand my older brother to tie my muskrat skins were sold, and these hands and feet with a rope. Then he are so much used for barter that the would order me to resist-an ordeal name of a quarter of a dollar 111 that would make us both cry. In the Winnebago language is "the price of winter he would also sometimes roll a muskrat skin." us in the snow naked. The punishment of Indian children is nsually in Like other Indian boys, I learned the hands of some uncle rather than to shoot with bows and arrows. the parents. Our punishments were Vhenever I lost an arrow, my inflicted generally because we had mother used to tell me that "Wakdisobeyed grandmother by failing to Chun-Koga" (jester), one of the get wood at evening, had resisted sons of "Ma-u-na" (Earth-Maker), fasting, had fought some Indian had hidden it. A good arrow is a boys, or had cried without sufficient great loss to an Indian boy, and my cause. The fear of such chaslise- 1110ther taught me to cry aloud to ment often kept us from disobe- "Wak-Chun-Koga" to restore my ardience. row. The ordinary way of finding a lost arrow is to put saliva in the palm Father and mother trapped for of the hand, strike it with one finger beaver skins, .otter skins, and musk- of the other hand, and follow the rat skins. Other Indians went in direction in which the saliva flies. bands to cut broom-corn and sugar- Another way is to go to the spot from cane, but invariably my. parents went which the original arrow was shot, trapping. We would encamp along and, keeping a careful watch, shoot some stream, and on a clear night another arrow in the same direction could look up throngh the s1110ke- as the first, and with the same force. vent and see some bright star gleam- By these means the lost arrows arc ing in the heavens. In the darkness often found. there wore continual sounds-the rustle of leaves and the murmur of Indian Fasting the stream. Sometimes at night there would come a sudden whir of Fasting is a universal practise wings, a thud, and the hooting of an among Indians. Sometimes they go owl would be heard directly over- without food from four to ten days at head. Again there came from a dis- a time. The purpose of these fasts, in tance, and approaching nearer, the which I often took part, is to gain sound of a beaver lashing the waters the compassion and blessing of with its tail. some spirit, in order that he might come and reveal himself to th~ In- Vve ate beaver meat, but not otter. dian. They claim that mighty spirits We had also plenty of ducks and have come and imparted powers and wild geese. Indians use the skins of secrets to Indians which they could the beaver and otter both for cere- use all their lives in war, in the hunt, monial purposes and for trade. Even and in medicine. Anyone who has to-day the members of the great such a "dream" is considered blest "Medicine Lodge" religion among the beyond his fellows. These "dreams" "Tinnebagoes carry beaver and otter are sacred, and no man without a

WIGWAM TO PULPIT 33

"dream" can ever hope to be a war- sun was setting, we would climb the chief or a medicine-man. I have heard tallest trees to see if father was many Indians call upon the "Spirit" coming home. We were two hungry whom he claims to have seen and boys, but I never had a "dream." heard. An Indian child pleases his parents most when he fasts, for by it, The joys of my childhood were at it is believed, he secures benefits far their height in the winters when greater than they can bestow. grandmother came to live with us. Fasting is practised to prepare for During the summer she r:efused to tell us stories, for she said "the A WINNEBAGO INDIA~ BARK WIGWAM the hard times to come; for "lean snakes will be in their holes when years," in times of war and sickness. snow falls." One of the unwritten Children in early childhood are made laws among the Indians is that in the to fast, for the parents say: "When evening, when the young boys bring you come to where the earth is nar- into the wigwam a fine, dry log for row (meaning hard times), where a winter night's fire, the old people will be your dependence?" When my must tell them stories. At the snowfather went away to sell the skins he fiying, I have dragged in many a log, had trapped, my mother used to make and as the winds roared outside and my brother and me fast, telling us as we heard the creaking of swaying that we could eat when father came trees, have listened to my grandhome. Toward evening, when the mother tell of mighty deeds of heroes,

of war, of animals, of nature, of these spirits. This Bird Clan ob- "Spirits," and of her own childhood. structed or permitted war. .The cere- With her stories of "Wak-Chun- mony of stopping some party from Koga," the Don Quixote of Indian going on a warpath was simple. At lore, grandmother made the winters daybreak the Chief of the Bird Clan one long laugh for me. Then there (if he thought the war chief too auda- was always a test night, when one of cious or unnecessarily imperilling the us boys had to retell some of the young warriors), would lay his peace- stories that she had related. Every pipe across the door of the one who story had its particular lesson-for was about to leave with the war example, those relating to "Turtle," party. The war chief, seeing the first son of "Ma-u-na" (Earth- peace-pipe across his door, could not, Maker), were to instil courage. We under any circumstances, continue used to swallow turtle-hearts to make his hostile purposes. The powers en- us brave. trusted by long custom to these clans Soon I learned that each of us be- are absolute.

longed to a special clan. The num- Taken to "See Writing" ber of people in the tribe determine the number of families in a particu- One day while we were out play- lar clan. There were about twelve ing, an Indian policeman came to take clans among the Winnebagoes, such. my brother "to go see some writing"

as the Bear Clan, the Wolf Clan, the -a literal expression for going off to Dog Clan, the Bird Clan, and the school. I wanted to go too, not be- Buffalo Clan. I was born. into the cause I wanted to see writing, but Bird Clan. When a child is named, because I wanted to be with my great ceremony is observed, and the brother. With many tears I per- Indian's name always indicates the suaded my mother to let me go, and clan to which he belongs. "Broken when I Was about seven years of age Tree-Top," for example, indicates we were taken to a non-reservation the Bird Clan. The lightning strikes schoof at Genoa, Nebraska. In two a great tree on the summit of a hill, years' time I had forgotten my own shatters it at the top, and often the language, for I was thrown with whole tree is brought to the ground. Sioux, Omahas, Apaches, Pottawa- The powers that struck that tree live tomies, Ottoes, Arappahoes, and in the air, and must, therefore, be Cheyennes who could not speak Win- some form of winged creatures. The nebago.

name of my niece is "Ahoo Gee Upon one occasion I thought my Sheen Ni Winga," meaning "Bril- brother acted very queerly. He took liant Wings." me to a room and told me to sit The Bird Clan was the War Clan. down and talk to my mother. I My own Indian name is "Wo-Na- could not understand what he meant, Xi-Lay-Hunka," mea n i n g "War and the more he urged the more be- Chief," and is derived from the wildered I became. I thought that lightning spirits, who are believed to he was mocking both mother and me, control the destinies of men in war. and when I cried he let me go. I ~as named for the chief among Never did I dream that ideas could

1 5] FROM, WIGWAM TO PULPIT

be put on paper, carried away by tried for a place in the school band, trains, and, finally, com e into the and was chosen for the alto part, hands of some loved one. To talk .and then for the cornet. Every through space to one so far away was "Cross Day" (Sunday) we were a thing that I could not understand. marched down the road t6 a white Later.1 understood, and wrote many building with a cross on it. I enletters home. READY FOR A BARE-BACK HORSE RACE There is little that I recollect about this school except that I herded joyed these marches, as we were sheep, flew kites, fought John Hun- drest up, and I had a chance to blow ter, slid in winter, caught a ground- my ' cornet in the band 'ahead of the squirrel and a young crow for pets, procession. At these meetings stole g1~apes and cherries in sum- ( Sunday-school) the teachers gave mer, and once went to the hospital us cards with pictures on them, and with a big splinter in my foot. I re- would tell us about God, the Great member, too, that my cousin and Spirit. One dark night, when I was playmate, Freel Hensley, died in the about thirteen years old, I was school. awakened, long after midnight, by an officer of the school, who told me to After two years my people carne go downstairs, for a man wanted to to . take us home, and we rode 100 see me. When I went down I found miles from Genoa to Winnebago in a the Rev. William T. Findley, a Preswagon. Father and I rode double on byterian minister, the same man who his horse, and we went over many conducted the meetings at the white hills on the way without ever saying house, and who used to tome somea word. He could not understand times to our log cabin and wigwam me and I could not understand him, village in the woods near the river. but in three weeks I got back my On the previous "Cross Day" the native tongue and have never lost it lesson at the Sunday-school had been smce. N at long , after, the Indian police again took me to the reservation Government school, and I stayed there a number of years, Our chief pastimes were with our ponies, bows and arrows, marbles, racing, jumping, swimming, throwing the surhach-sticks in the fall, and sliding in winter, We played marbles "for keeps," and as I became proficient in the game I won hundreds of marbles. When I won all the marbles from a boy he would buy them back with any nickels or dimes he had. In this way I always had money in my pocket.

It was at this school that the greatest event in my life took place. I

on "Christ Before Pilate," when So I understood that when I took Pilate had been asked the difficult Jesus that night to be my friend, question as to what he would do with we were to stand by each other Jesus. My teacher, Mrs. Findley, through this life and throughout the asked each of us Indian boys to write "land of the setting sun." He was on a piece of paper what we would to defend me, and I was to defend Him. I did not understand much WHERE THE I N DI AN BO" FOUND HIS GR EAT FRIEND else that Mr. Findley said that night, but I knew that I had entered upon a Rev. and Mrs. Wm. G. Findley in fron t of church new life. The boys saw the change (White House) a·t Vinnebago, Nebraska that came over me, and I had be- come what the Indians called "A do with Jesus. My answer was that Preaching Listener." I would lik~ to be His friend, and this led Mr. Findley to call upon me From this time came many testings that memorable night. of my new purpose. Because I stopt fighting, the brand of coward was We sat down upon the grass, and placed on me. No protest came from Mr. Findley told me, for the first my people, except that my brother time, about Jesus Christ, as one ,who made fun of me, and my grandhad a real claim upon my friend- mother one night told me the followship. I felt a strange constraint to ing pointed story: accept this new spirit-friend. " Years ago, wearers of the long Friendship-making is a meaning- broadcloth (Jesuit priests) came full and a very formal act among In- among the Crows and began to dians. I knew that James Rain was preach. In the course of time, a my friend. We slept together, we Crow Indian listened and became "a played together, and fought for each preaching listener." When this Crow other. On some "Cross Day" after- Indian died the whole tribe gathered noons I took him to my home, and together in counsel to decide whether on others he took me to his home. they should dress him in Indian fash- His family was mine, and mine was ion for "the land of the setting sun" his. James Rain, I love to this day. or should put on him the robes of the strangers. They finally clothed him in black, like unto his white leaders, laid him on a high booth, ancl went up stream to hunt. In the mean- time the soul of the Indian began his last travel. He soon came to a place where the road parted, one road lead- ing to the left and the other to the right. He 'took the right road, and before long saw, in the distance, the' glory of some great habitation like that of the lighted heavens over some great city at night. ' The voices that he heard indicated that they were

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beings like himself, and his heart "Friendship." It wa;; stronger . than leaped within him for joy. But when the desire to go to any particl1lar he came near, to his great surprize, place 111 the wodd beyond the he was told to .go back with the grave. words, "You have mistaken your road. This is the white man's heaven. ' Go In the following year my grandback and take the other road." He AN lNDIAN BOY ' S FAVORITE P.4.STTME was a white man in dress, but his rn- mother, my father, and 111y mother dian features betrayed him. Sad at passed away, and "Honest John heart, he returned to the parting of N unn" was appointed l11y guardian. the ways, and taking the left-hand He lived long enough to see me road soon heard sounds that cheered started on the right road. his heart even more than what he had seen on the road to the right. He In the midst of great soul-lonelirecognized the Indian songs of this ness there were other difficulties. new gathering-place. When he hur- There were no other "preaching lisried to join them he was, however, teners" in the whole ,school, and sent back by ,the herald of the place, only one or two in the tribe. We were free to go home from the school saying: "Go back. You have mis- on Sundays, and in summer the whole taken your road, This is the Indian tribe used to gather at the "Flagheaven." His clothes made him look Pole" for horse racing, dancing, anel like a white man. There was nothing other amusements. My black pony left for the poor Indian to do but to had won the quarter-mile races and take that road that led back to his taken pony prizes. In these Sunday body. As he, reached the place where races I had also won the, small boys' his body was lying the tribe returned foot race, and had received a roan from their hunt, and on examining pacer as a prize, which, according to his body found life was in him. An custom, I gave to my sister. When I old medicine woman tended him, and when he was able to sit up he opened his mouth and told them his story. "Now," said my grandmother, "I do not command you to stop being 'a preaching listener,' but if you want to be forever a wanderer in the other world, you can continue in the road you have taken." A severe soulstruggle began, but I determined to remain true to my new Spirit Friend. When the day came that I was to be baptized, I st009 up alone before all the Indians, and the preacher asked me whom we should obey first, Christ or patents and relatives~ I answered, "Christ." In that answer I testified my belief in the reality of the

iJecame "a preaching li stener," how- rnitories were vacant, I stole away ever, I had to give up this trip to the alone to find out more and to gather "Flag-Pole," and used to roll around new strength. In the midst of the in the preacher 's yard all Sunday unpleasant loneliness there came to afternoon · not understanding why I me more, than a complement of deep could. not go to the "Flag-Pole" hill. joy.

Every Sunday at the church ser- A fter a time the preacher pervices it was customary to pass arounel suaded eight of us 'Winnebago boys to go to Santee Mission School in WHERE THE INDIAN BOy" WON THE PIGHT northeastern Nebraska, among the Sioux, one hundred miles away from Whitney Hall, Santee Mission School, N ebl-aska home. From Santee's heights I could see the river winding in the direction a basket into which the people put of my home; and away beyond the money. I wantecl to give, too, anel river stretched the prairies of South played harder at marblt;s, so that I Dakota. In a week six of the Winmight put a lot of moncy in that nebago boys ran away, and a week basket. In this way I managed to later the other told me that he was so give about 85 cents every Sabbath. homesick that he could not stand it One day the preacher asked me where any longer. We talked together far I got all the money I put in the into the night, and I tried to perbasket, and when I replied that "I suade him to stay, as winter would beat it from the boys," he told me soon come and go, and in early spring that I must stop playing "for keeps" we could return home. Finally, then and there. The boys all thought however, he said that he was going that I was very queer. I would not at daybreak. While it was yet dark fight any more, and my marble-play- we stole out of "Whitney Hall," and ing ceased. I also joined a "Band I walked with him a mile, carrying of Mercy," pledging never to kill a his black satchel. In a clump of boxbird again with my arrows, or to elder trees we shook hands in silence. mistreat animals. Only one or two There was a fight within me, but the other boys joined this band. victory was won, and as I walked back I realized that there was a more The Friendship I had entered upon than human power working in men. was not a thing of a day. I read about my Friend often out of the The following summer I went little Testament that the preacher home to visit, but came back to gave me, and oftcn, when the dor- Santee for three sllccessive years. The book that I read during this pe- riod made a profound impression upon me. It is entitled "Self-Help," by Samuel Smiles. This book led me to resolve to earn my way through school, but to stay away from Gov- ernment institutions. I f a school is to be measured, not by its elaborate equipment, its size and annual bud,

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get, but, by its power to develop my you·thful mind. On nearing the character in its students, then Santee school railroad station I saw a lot of is to be reckoned one of the great In- Indians, as I thought, and rushed dian schools of the country. Here through the train to greet them, but my soul awoke for the first time to I soon found that they were Japanese some appreciation of the fact that going to Mount Hermon. there is much to learn and much to do. Five years passed before I could be graduated. I was obliged to spend From Miss Kennedy, for many one whole year on a farm in New years matron of Whitney Hall, I Jersey to earn money. Dtiring; these THE MISSIONARY MOTHER AND HER ADOPTED INDIAN SON Mrs. Walter C. Roe, William Barnes, Jr., and Henry Roe. Cloud learned of a school in the east- five years I learned to pay for what "Mount Hermon," by name, founded by D. L. Moody, where the cost of J got, and, by actual struggle, came board, lodging, and tuition was, at to know the valJ1e of adollar,the that time, $110 a year. meaning of toil, and sorpet~ing of the worth of time. As· I followed a mule At Mount Hermon School team all day long all the New Jersey farm I used to tack on the hl;lmp of Before my graduation froin Santee (in 11)1)2) I left for Mount Hermon, the plow before me cardilfter card Massachusetts, with $100 . sewed in on which I had written the Greek my· undershirt to guard against the ·conjugations. In this way I mas- .dangers of travel among white people ·teted my Greek grammar' and made which had been deeply imprestupan ~good headway' in Xenophbn's' "Ana- .OaSis." . Tbere were many: diftkulties

to overcottle. The farmer said I was other parts of America. After the not plowing as large a section as I meeting I was introduced to Mrs. Roe might, and knocked the cards from by Professor Henry vVright, and she the plow. I did not know the use invited me to come to Oklahoma to of many studies that I had to take, see the Christian Indians there. As and this made the study oftentimes a a result I went to Oklahoma in the drudgery. To-day, however, I am summer of I907, and I found mythankful for the discouragements and self in the l11idst of many of these difficulties that came in my way, for Christian Indians. Since then I have they taught me my limitations. never felt alone. In Oklahoma I also met Dr. Valter C. Roe, and came to There was also a brighter side in look upon him as a truly great man. this life. I enjoyed reading and "The He was rather spare in his body, with an open, strong, eager face. He Old Tennent Church," and the "Jour- was fearless, clear-headed, profoundly spiritual, and always ,imprest me as nals of David Brainerd" were an in- a man whose soul was in line with spiration to me. At school I made the great movements of God. He the "All Hermon" baseball and foot- labored against tremendous physical ball teams. odds, yet he led an overflowing life of service for the Indian race. Four Years at Yale Dr. and Mrs. Roe had had a son I entered Yale University in the who had died in early infancy, and fall of r9Q6. The night before I re- who, if he had lived, would have ceived final word that I had passed been about my age. After some time my examinations the Sophomores in they decided to adopt me as their son, New Haven came to haze me, and I and I took their name. From that heard my first Yale song, "Wake, time Dr. Roe was the steady and wise Freshman, Wake." As I lay on my counselor, and Mrs. Roe gave my life couch in Pierson Hall, the singing of and thoughts the upward look. At the approaching Sophomores grew college, when a multitude of ideas louder and louder. Soon they filled throng the mind and make a true my room, and things happened that perspective of life difficult, a young only a Yale man knows. After the man greatly needs the steadying ordeal was over I was "a Yale man." power of some true and wise cottn- It was a great moment to me, when, selor. marching through the streets, I joined with several thousand students for During my years at Yale I paid the first time in the cry of Aristo- my way by waiting on table, taking phanes' frogs. tickets at the great games, selling In- dian relics, working out by the day, The most significant event of my by monitorships, and by canvassing Freshman year was my meeting Mrs. over a good part of Connecticut. Walter C. Roe, who addressed the During these, trips, when I appeared students one Sunday afternoon upon at people's doors, they told me of the the subject of "American Indians." arrow-heads they had found around Up to this time I had not seen very their homes, but they were not ready many Christian Indians, but in her address she spoke or' thousands of these Christians in Oklahoma and in

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to buy the civilized article I offered be only stepping-stones into a vastly for sale. Upon one occasion, when a richer, fuller life. I have found that friend and I had utterly failed, I per- if the Indian is to live he must have suaded it woman to leave her milk- something deeper than what mere ing to him while I went with her into civilization can give him. Each Inthe house, and there I made the only dian boy and girl must have the sale for the entire day. That evening Christian motive for life, and the im- I seemed to see the sun rise in the planting of this motive and ideal is sunset. the most necessary constructive work in Indian education. Some years before a not her "preaching listener" and I had made Dr. Walter Roe saw the need of two marks in the earth between us to establishing an inter-denominational. record a vow. In this way Indians Christian school, for the purpose of called the earth to witness in the be- training Indian Christian leaders lief that should one of the parties to from all the tribes, but he died when the vow prove unfaithful, the other he had only taken the first step. My would know it the instant the apos- life is now committed to the carrying tate's foot touched the earth, wher- forward of this enterprise. Christian ever he might be. My companion education is the great need of the Inand I had vowed that we would go dians to-day, and as Senator Hollis to school and learn all we could about has said, "An education achieved at our "New Friend," and would then some sacrifice is more valuable than come back to tell our people. True one acquired through charity." To to this vow I went from Yale to this work of the Christian education Oberlin Seminary, where I founel of my people I have consecrated my true scholarship, earnestness, and life, and to its successful accomplishenthusiasm for the work of the minis- ment I look forward with great hope. try. Many invitations began to come to me to speak on behalf of the In- In writing the above I have viodian cause, and as Ohio was too far lated one of the strictes't moral codes away to respond to those from New of the Indians, by which no youth is England, I left Oberlin and went to allowed to speak in counsel before Auburn, where I was graduated two men who carry more weight of years. years later. At my ordination, Dr. I should have waited until I had at least the dignity of one gray hair on James Riggs said truly that the white my head before addressing any people, but have yielded to the urrace had given me the best that it ~ent request of the editor of this had to give. magazine and in the hope .that some other "preaching listener" may be en- On the shores of Owasco lake, couraged on The Way.-H. R. C. near Auburn, I pondered over the whole question of the welfare of my race. What seemed sacrifices to me a few years ago I have discovered to ItRedeeming the red man is a more hopeful and also a more interesting process than riRing him/'

ERNEST McAFEE

Things Missions Have

They have made the name of Christ the best-known name in the world. They are proclaiming the Gospel in over ten thousand different places. They have planted in the leading foreign lands the Church of Christ, with a Protestant membership of over 2,644,170. They have created a great system or' Christian schools and colleges, having a present enrolment of over a million and a half pupils. They have stimulated the governments of the leading nations of the East to establish educational systems of their own. They have introduced modern medicine, surgery,and sanitation into the darkest quarters of the globe, by means of 675 hospitals and 963 dispensaries. They have been the principal agents of relief in fan1ines, and have made scientific investigation of the causes which lie at their root. They have taught people habits of cleanliness and the laws of health, thus lessening the spread of plague and pestilence. They have upheld the idea of the dignity of labor among those who regard toil as menial. They have established a multitude of trade schools' in which development of Christian character keeps pace with growth in manual skill. They have helped to abolish human slavery and shown the Christian way of caring for the aged, o~phans, blind, deaf mutes, insane and lepers, They have Ii fted women from a condition of unspeakable degradatioll, and trained a new generation of Christian mothers', wives, and daughters, who are making homes and introducing new ideals of social life. They have translated the entire Bible, or portions of the Scriptures; into 500 languages and dialects, distributing last year alone 9,272,221 copies. They have reduced many' strange tongues to writing'and have created a literature for whole races, producing annually a vast amount of good reading ill. the shape of books, hymnals, and papeh for all ages. They have transformed the peopl~ ,of the Fiji Islands, Melanesia, and other island groups from cannibals to civilized beings. They have been the main agent in the extraordinary awakening of the people of China by which, turning their backs on the history of 4,000 years, they have adopted Western ideas in government, education, and commerce, and are showing an amazing readiness to receive the Gospel of Christ. They have started a movement in Korea which is going forward with such unparalleled rapidity that the nation bids fair to become Christianized withi~ a generation. The victories of the past and the opportunities of the present constitute a sublime challenge to the Church for the conquest of the, remaining strongholds of Islam and paganism. Such considerations as the~e should' convince the people of our churches that we are indeed living in a new ,era of missionary work and that the hour of Christianity has struck for the non-Christian world.

Diet for a Sick

BY REV. JAMES 1. VANCE, D.D., LL.D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Nashville; Chairman of the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States ORE churches die of work trek back to the church for their inspiration, initiative, and mainteneMJ cl r y rot t han of ance. It is a significant fact that heresy. More churches there has never been a hospital in any become infirm through country until Christianity had en- misdirected e f for t s than from overwork. tered that country. If the support ::Iore churches rust out than wear given, as the output of influences out. When the funeral of a church generated by Christian ideals and imis held-and such mournful obse- pulses, were withdrawn, humanitarian quies must sometimes be performed work in the world would be hope- -a careful canvass of the situation lessly crippled. will discover the fact that it was not poor preaching, or a bad neighbor- The product of the church is rehood, or the removal of wealthy deemed men and women, and its busimembers, that accomplished the de- ness is to give to these a motive big cease. The church sickened and died enough to drive life uphill. Social from malnutrition. redemption can come only as a re- sult of the redemption of social units, There are churches that feed 011 and so the work of the church in food which does not nourish. Their personal regeneration lies at the very hunger is appeased. They are not foundation of any scheme for a soconscious that they need anything. cial milleniu111. We can never have a But they are slowly starving, and, sanitary world as long as the sources unless the diet is changed, their doom of life in the human heart are unis sealed. cleansed.

The Value of the Church The church is the divine instru- It is a public calamity when a ment for the establishment of the church gets on the sick list, for the Kingdom, the one piece of machinery church is the saving agency of so- which God has set up in the world to ciety. Its business is to look after bring to pass the civiliz"tion that is to people, and to lend a helping hand to last forever. The state is important, every movement which makes for but the church is more important. The human betterment. The public does state may be infirm or despotic, but not exist for church welfare, but the if the church remain loyal to its mis- church is for public welfare. sion, and faithfully and fearlessly The church is the social dynamo. discharge its ministry, the day will Its business is to start and keep come when society will build a new going all kinds of good enterprises. state on the ruins of the old. But if All benevolent and philanthropic within a sound state there rots a de-

cadent and 'decaying church, society's It is merely that the line whose life is fouled at its sources. business it is to carry the water into your house has ceased to perform its It becomes, therefore, of first im- functions. portance to all human interests that the church maintain a vigorous life. A great war flames in Eumpe, and cheap thinkers say Christianity has When Is the Church Sick? failed. It would be more accurate to say that Christianity's instrument A church in a poor state of health for conveying the will and life of is usually absorbed in its own God to men has failed to perform its troubles, Like most sick people, it is function in such a way as to preself-centred, Its daily round is a re- vent war. The church is sick. It cital of its aches and pains, its moods has not poss<':st sufficient vigor to conand temperatures. But the trouble a trol the situation. It has been oversick church is to itself is the smallest run by the militarists. It has been part of the disaster. A sick church ridden down by the war spirit. It is a social infirmity. Many of the has been sent to the rear, where all tmubles in the family, in the school, the sick and infirm belong. It is not in business, in government, originate in control, and the reason it is not in in the failure of the church to main- control is that it has lost its power. tain a vigorous life, It has lost its power because it isa sick church, or it is a sick church be- Often the explanation of the in- cause it has lost its power. In either crease in crime, frequency of di- case, it has become a public calamity. vorce, political corruption, commer- Instead of conquering the world and cial dishonesty, Sabbath profanation, saving society, it needs a nurse, lawlessness, social impurity, and other evils, is to be found in the fact that Is not this the condition of many the church has lost its power. It a church, not only in Europe, but in has become formal and ineffective, other countries as well? There are To be sure, it is not fair to unload churches that are not saving the on the church the blame for all that town; they are on the town. Inis bad. Original sin is still an or- stead of being a municipal asset, they thodox explanation, But if tfIe are a municipal liability. They must church is entitled to the high place it be taken care of. Instead of living. claims as the divine instrument for they are barely existing. Their horithe establishment of the Kingdom, it zon is bounded by their own needs, must shoulder the blame when the and their sympathies are exhausted machine breaks down ~nd fails to do with their own distresses. They rethe work. gard themselves as the end of Chris- tianity, and not as means to the end. Some frosty morning the water They are churches all of whose aspifails to run from your faucet. You rations and activities end in themwill probably find the trouble in a selves, and whose plight is sufficiently . sick water-pipe. It is not that the described by Isaiah when he said: springs in the hills have run dry. It "The whole head is sick, and the is not that the river has ceased to whole heart is faint." flow. nor that the reservoir is empty.

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

The Symptoms of Sickness ungodly speak of it as an ecclesias- tical refrigerator. The trouble, how- The symptoms of a sick church are ever, is not that the church wishes to easily recognizable. be frosty and exclusive. The trouble is that the church is sick, and its I. Loss of appetite is one of the heart action is bad. first disorders to appear. There is no eagerness to hear God's word ex- 3. It is not long until various pounded. Bible preaching fails to functions of the body ecclesiastic get draw. Church attendance falls off. out of order. The extremities grow The preacher faces great spaces of cold, the limbs suffer from a numbempty pews, which yawn discourag- ness, digestion is poor, respiration is ingly and depressingly at him when bad. The minister appeals for workhe rises to deliver his message. He ers, but ther~ is no response. He wonders what is wrong with himself, goes to his pulpit white hot, but no and he may well wonder, for he may sooner is he there than he begins to be in a measure responsible for the feel cold currents blowing froni situation. The disgrace of a church somewhere, and when he finishes, he dying on his hands torments him. In feels as if he had been in an ice-pack. his despair he resorts to anything to His people have lost their respondraw a crowd. He preaches on freak siveness, for the church is seriously topics. He advertises extensively. ill. He competes with the newspapers in the discussion of current events, and 4. Aches and pains are felt. Tuwith the picture-shows and concert mors and eruptions appear. Comhalls in his efforts to attract a crowd. plaints and petty jealousies arise. For a while he succeeds, but soon his Some of the brethren feel that they novelties grow stale, and he must in- have not been duly consulted. The vent something more highly flavored pastor's aid becomes the pastor's or lose his crowd. For they are still anxiety. The good women have a suffering from a loss of appetite for serious difference as to how the work divine truth. It is still a sick church. of the Lord should be done. There are dissensions and divisions. Schism 2. Loss of appetite is followed by impends, and a split is imminent. And anemia. The blood is thin, and the this is the church to which the Lord circulation is poor. People call it a says: "Let brotherly love continue." cold church. The charge is made that But the church has grown peevish it is unsociable and exclusive. An and fretful and discontented. It is impression gets abroad that it does not so much a church with a Gospel not care for poor people, for working as a church with a grievance. In~ men, or for anybody who is unable stead of blessing, it pesters the comto add to either the social or the munity. It insists on being noticed, financial assets of the organization. and so far from "laying down its People who attend the services of life for the brethren," is quick to take such a church are not dispos~d to re- offense at the 'slightest indication of peat the experience. They find a failure to treat it with reverence. nothing there to attract them. The church lacks magnetism, and its ser- Soon a condition of general devices are without inspiration. The bility ensues. The church has ceased

to think of its rnission. It thinks have. Christ's supreme gift to His llOW not of saving the 'World, but of Church is the Holy Spirit. He bade saving itself. Its annual reports are them tarry at Jerusalem until Pente- regarded as eminently satisfactory if cost, when the enduemerit came.

it can say that it is "holding its Christ has not promised His own." It has long since given up the church influence, but po'Wer. The two idea that it is an army in the field are very different. A church may for conquest, and has fallen back on have great influence, and be without the claim that it is a veteran deserv- spiritual power. It may be rich and ing a place on the pension list. It increased in goods, and have need of would like to be endowed, to have an nothing,' but be utterly powerless to income derived from the graveyard achieve spiritual results. It may rather than from the benefactions of possess numbers and wealth and so- living saints. It groans over changed cial prominence, and still be a very conditions, . and has grown discour- sick church.

aged and pessimistic. It seems power- Health is the best foe of sickness less to plan and impotent to execute in the human body. Physicians are any forward movement. It lacks finding that physical vigor beats drugs faith and hope and love. It is dis- in the battle with disease. When the enchanted of its task, and nervous vigor of the bQdygets below par, and about the Almighty. the activities become sluggish, dis- It is a sick chlirch, and it needs a ease finds it easy to make inroads on nurse. the system. The best way for a man What is such a church good for? to avoid sickness is to "keep fit."

It is good for nothing unless it can The same thing is true of a church, be cured. There is no particular and a church is fit only whe~ it is in merit in an aggregation of folks call- possession of spiritual power. What ing themselves a church and going vigor is to the human body, power is through the' forms of religion, but to the body of Christ. A church sterile and useless when the mission without power is a disqualified of the church is presented. church. A church that is not in con- .A church that has ceased to be of stant and unbroken fellowship with value to society has no claim to either the Spirit of God is susceptible to all the sympathy or support of society. kinds of spiritual contagions and dis- A sick church is without market eases.

value. The fundamental trouble with a A Diagnosis sick church is, therefore, not to. be Vith these symptoms, which are sought in the character of the neigh- all too common, arid which every pas- borhood in which it is located, nor in tor will recog'nize as having come un- the station of the people who com- der his observation from time to pose its pewholders, nor in the shab- time, how shall' we diagnose the dis- biness of the structure in which it ease? What, precisely, is the real worships, nor in the dryness of the trouble with a sick church? sermons to which it must listen, ·nor It has lost its power, the one in the exceeding sinfulness of sin thing the' Lord promised it should in the hearts of the worldlings who

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

decline to be" charmed by its holy way to warm up a cold church is to dirge. The trouble with a sick fire it with a world passion. The church is discovered in the fact that way to heal the divisions of a sour it is a church without spiritual as- and schismatic church is to unite it sets. A street-Clu line without a in. a service where it has unbroken power-plant will never carry passen- fellowship with the world Redeemer.

gers; and a church without living It is a significant fact that our connection with the divine dynamic Lord's promise of spiritual power will never save a soul. and the command to world service A church without power may seem are linked together. With one breath to grow, but its growth is merely fat- the risen Christ said to His disciples: ty degeneration. It may have a kind "Ye shall receive power after that of generosity, but its generosity is the Holy Ghost is come upon you,"

only a back-handed way of feeding and with the next breath He said: itself. If you ask it for money to "And ye shall be witnesses unto me fresco the church or purchase a new both in Jerusalem, and in all Jl1dea, organ, the response will be lavish; and in Samaria, and unto the utter- but if you ask it for money to clean most part of the earth." Is not the up a slum or send out a missionary, inference unavoidable? The secret of the response will be a "frost." the acquisition of spiritual power is The trouble is, the sick church is in the carrying out of the great com- 110t interested in spiritual things, and mission. The church which declines its malady is that it is without a Pen- to go into all the world and preach tecost. the Gospel to every creature can not I f this be a correct diagnosis based claim the promise of the Holy Spirit.

on the symptoms which show them- The church forfeits its spiritual selves in a sick church, what is the assets when it turns its back on its cure? world task. Forfeiting its spiritual What Is the Remedy? assets, it heads straight to the hos- If the church is really living, and pital and becomes a candidate for not dead, the remedy for its stag- the dispensary. Refusing to be a nation and coldness and lack of missionary church, it divorces itself vitality will be found in missions. from all the conditions of vigor and The way to cure a sick, selfish "health. That the relation of spiritual church is to get it interested in the power and missionary activity as business for which it was created. set forth in Christ's ascension promise The way to take "the church's eyes off is not an arbitrary one is proven by itself is to get it absorbed in a world the actual experience of the Church.

campaign. The way to make it for- Many a church has been not only get its own aches and pains is to toned up and rejuvenated, but liter- stimulate its sympathies with a vision ally raised from the dead, by a bap- of world need. The way to quicken tism of missionary fervor. There is the pulse and thicken the blood of a nothing better for the Church at home sick church is to engage it in activi- than to get it profoundly enlisted in ties which call into play all the nor- the work abroad. A church is bound mal functions of the church. The to drop its provincialism when it be-

comes really cosmopolitan. It IS How i~ a sick church to be enlisted likely to forget its own pefty aches in the missionary enterprise?

when it becomes a tender nurse, Some remedies must be taken inter- ministering to the wounds and woes nally. It is so with missions. The of a sin-sick world. people must be informed. Many a An old Puritan divine tells how church is unmissionary because the his sympathies were taxed and his members of that church do not know time and energies exhausted in ef- any better. Their congregational in- forts to comfort his flock. W·herever formation stops with first aid to the he went, it was a tale of woo Every- injured. Their leadership lacks mis- body seemed to be afflicted with trials sionary statesmanship. The church is and tribulations. Finally, he heard of out of touch with great worlel move- something called foreign missions, ments, and their piety is a back- and he determined to try it on his woods product. The facts of mis- congregation. He declares that it sions must somehow be gotten into worked like magic. Lamentations the minds and hearts and prayers of ceased, trials and tribulations were the people if the remedy is to have a forgotten, until at last, instead of his chance to effect a cure. Mission- having to comfort his p,eople, they study classes must be organized. A began tl) comfort him. circulating missionary library must Any pastor who really tries the be gotten under way. Missionary missionary cure on a sick church will literature must be gotten into the find that it works. It takes the homes of the people. There are church's mind off itself. It substi- many ways of doing it, but it tutes hope and expectation for intro- 111USt be done. There must be a defi- spection. It sets the machinery of nite anel persistent missionary pro- the church to its legitimate work in pagandum. The pastor and church- producing spiritual results, and so officers must promote this. In doing saves it from grindillg in on itself. so, they will find that they are im- 1t employs the energies of the church proving their own equipment, for in a sane and Scriptural way, and so they will become themselves the bene- prevents fatty degeneration of the ec- ficiaries of their campaign.

clesiastical tissues. It is not enough to exhort a sick The Church of Christ was built for man to be sound, neither will it go a world task. It has a world message far to exhort a sick church to mis- and world resources. It confronts sionary enthusiasm. A fire must world need. It is summoned both have fuel, and "facts are the fuel from heaven and earth by a world that feed the fires of missionary call. It preaches a world Savior. zea1."

For it to retire into anything less The brain of the church must be than a world career is, therefore, its packed with missionary ideas, if the supreme peril. blood is to be enriched with mis- The Treatment Administered sionary corpuscles. The heart must be charged with missionary convic- How is the remedy which is to ef- tions, if the energies are to be oc- fect the cure to be administered? cupied in missionary activities. It is

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

well-nigh a waste of time to take a is a citizen of the world at large, and collectiDn for missions in a church he can not keep internationalism out where the people are ignorant of the of his message. Let him be convinced progress of Christ's Kingdom in mis- that the Bible is a missionary book, sion fields; or to preach a sermon the church a missionary society, on missions to a church whose keen- Christianity a missionary religion, est interest is pew-rents. and himself a missionary messenger, and it will be impossible for him to The start of this educational work preach without his people feeling the may beajittle hard, but as the peo- tug of the ends of the earth. ple begin~9 learn,· their interest will develop rapidly. There is no more One thing more remains, if a fascinating story than this of modern thorougil and permanent cure is to llllSSlOns. God's greatest miracles he effected. First, a prescriptionare these ijeis working under our the facts of missions; second, sanivery ey,es,Qutthere are still eyes tary conditions-a missionary atmos- phere; and third, exercise-missiotlthat ate 'l~Jden so that they do not ary activities.

see. The gifts and energies of the Dr. Egbert Watson Smith, one of church must be enlisted in the main- tenance of missionary· work. .This the Foreign Mission secretaries of should be done in a systematic way. the Southern Presbyterian Church, Churches, or groups of individuals has culled from his recent mail state- or individuals, should be encouraged ments of missionaries, showing the to assume definite missionary obliga- tions. The support of missionaries, progress of the york in their re- or shares in a mission station, or the care of an entire station, may be unspective _ fields. Each statement is dertaken. Anything is good that gets from 11 different source, and repre- the church into action, and keeps it sents ·a distinct phase of the work. in action doing the right thing.

It is not possible for a Christian to Information without activities may come face to fa~e with such facts as be as disastrous to a church as feedthese statements reveal, and remain ing without exercise to an individual. indifferent. The missionary treatment for a sick chUl:ch has a gymnasium as well as Sanitary conditions are aJso need- a breakfast-room. It has a program eel. Sunshine and good air fight dis- of work as well as a schedule of ease. A sick church must be given study. If both are followed, we may the right atmosphere. A Christian count on a complete recovery. church should live and move and have its being in a missionary atmos- Therefore, foreign· missions is as phere. The preacher must create essential to the Christian as it is to this. He can do something in this the non-Christian world. It is as direction by occasional sermons on much the salvation of the church at foreign missions, but he can do far home as it is the hope of lands whose more by giving to all his sermons and torch is still unlit. prayers the missionary outlook. It is not always necessary to say the words. The attitude is the main thing. Let the preacher feel that he

AN ILLUSTRATED MISSIONARY SERMON IN AFRICA The contrast between heathen and Christian Zulus at a church in Umvote, South Africa

Science and

of Missionary f>reaching* BY REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign :~l'rIissions ~~~~~VERY morning, when to imagine themselves to be law- I go into Boston on a yers presenting their case, marshaling train of about ten their facts gathered from all over the coaches, all filled with world, and determined to convince men, I see every last the jury." man buried behind a It is a psychological fact that men newspaper. That extraordinary spec- are more convinced by fads than by tacle can not be duplicated in any arguments. They certainly are not other country than America. What convinced by arguments unsupported is the motive behind this universal by facts. When you try to convince newspaper reading? It can be noth- a man who is indifferent or opposed, ing else than a craving for a knowl- it is natural for him to try to combat edge of the facts of the world. In your views. But when you give him missionary addresses we should con- interesting and compelling informanect with that motive and recognize tion, he finds himself in an attitude the importance of presenting mis- of sympathetic attention. We have sionary facts. come to our greatest convictions, not as a result of some wise man's argu- Mr. ]. Campbell White, General ment, or through some conscious logi- Secretary of the Laymen's Mission- cal process, but from the facing of ary Movement, exprest a penetrat- the realities of life. ing truth on this subject, when he said: "According to my observation, Where did we get our belief 111 the trouble with missionary sermon" God? Did anybody ever argue us is that the ministers are long on ex- intp believing in our Maker? Rather hortation and short on facts." we have lived among His works, and so have been compelled to faith. The American Board has secured Where did we get our love of counthe services of a trained journalist to try? It was not because somebody take charge of the pUblicity work. reasoned that this is the best country She is successful in putting mission- in the world. It was because we ary facts into two hundred news- lived here and became familiar with papers in such form that they are its attractiveness and worth. Did any eager for them. I asked this lady one ever try to prove to us that we what I should say to ministers about should love father and mother, or did missionary preaching. She replied: their gracious presence in the home produce its own effect? "Tell them to forget that they are ministers, to forget that they are It is much the same with missionpreaching sermons, and just for once *From an address .given at the Ministerl'1' Convention. Rochester. New York. December 8, 1914.

ary convictions. We grow into them of making individual converts here by acquaintance with the facts. Dem- and there, but of transforming comonstration is needed more than argu- munities, nations, races. We need to ment. We ministers do not realize impress upon our people that the how strongly we are held by the habit present great industrial, social, and of developing themes, analyzing prin- political movements are favorable to ciples, and expanding texts, and how the rapid extension of Christianity; little use we make of the lawyer's art that governments are urging and aidof marshaling the facts so as to com- ing missions as essential to civilizapel conviction. It is a difficult and tion. While the old-time work of worthy feat to select, arrange, and personal evangelism goes on, as it allaunch a body of useful information ways must, it is performed to-day before a modern audience, so as to against a highly favorable social and win their cooperation-and there is national background. How many nothing more needed in the realm of understand the significance of the 1111SS10ns. great religious movement in the Chi- nese Empire, where a nation of 400,- The Right Kind of Facts 000,000 souls are casting away their old faiths along with their ancient As to the kind of facts that should forms of government and education. be selected for addresses and ser- China as a nation is in the attitude of 1110ns, we ought at first to aim at pre- prospecting for a religion. How senting the larger aspects of mission- many know that in Japan the eduary work. We should deal with cated classes are studying the religwhole countries, sometimes with ious systems of the world, trying to whole races, sometimes with the make up their minds which one they whole world. We stand in a position shall adopt, or whether they shall inof tremendous advantage as com- vent a religion of their own? pared with preachers of one hundred years ago. Then nothing had been Or turn to India: How little most achieved, and there was nothing to people know of the mighty spiritual urge but hope and courage and a movement in that land! They are needy world. Now in the successes still thinking of India in the old of one hundred years, we have a terms, and do not realize that to-day mine of information and of inspira- the problem in India is not so much tion. There are demonstrations of how to make converts as what to do the Gospel's power which our preach- with them after they have been made. ing can ill-afford to miss. People I know of one church in India where can be made to thrill with the reci- converts have been appearing so raptal. idly, so many villages renouncing idolatry, caste, and all the abomina- Moreover, we are living to-day in tions of Hinduism, that the missiona distinctly new era. Few of our ary is throwing up his hands in depeople know this, and we need to in- spair, and saying "How can I handle fqrm them that during the last fif- this crowd?" He has been driven to teen years the situation confronting the conclusion that he must receive foreign missions has changed marked- only one thousand converts a year; ly. It is now no longer a question

AND ART OF MISSIONARY PREACHING 35

others must. go on a wa~ting-list. ing Christ's civilization. America is Have you preachers told your people discovering that she has a world- of these wonderful mass movements message, that by the very genius of in India? If not, your people have our history we are a missionary na- some big news coming to them. tion. Can we conceive of a higher A Reasonable Attention to Detail destiny for any people than to be brou:;nt to the front at such a time But we need particularization as as this? Let us strike this higher well as generalization. Against the patriotic note; let us show how the broad background should be sketched religious and patriotic motives com- certain definite pictures of mission bine to enforce the missionary ap- work-the story of an individual con- peal. I believe that the people in our version or of a peculiar problem con- churches will rise to the new situa- fronting a particular missionary. We tion, that Christian America, during need to see the missionary at his the next decade, is to make herself task. A certain amount of detail is felt in a mighty way in all non- valuable to enforce the more sweep- Christian lands.

ing statements. This is of special im- Our display of facts should also portance when we come to realize the make very prominent the physical, in- wide variety of interests in an au- tellectual) and spiritual needs of the dience. In nearly every congregation non-Christian world. The ignorance some are interested in geography, of Christian people as to fu'ndamental others care for statistics. Women conditions in heathen lands is amaz- are much more interested in details ing. Consider the facts that nineteen than are the men. The women know hundred years after Christ more than the names and location of many of one-half of the earth's popUlation the missionaries, and like to hear have no medical attendance or re- these names mentioned and to have lief! In Boston there is a thoroughly illustrations drawn from their work. trained physician for every three We should keep these personal in- hundred of the popUlation, and there terests in mind as important factors is a bewildering array of hospitals and in missionary sermons. other institutions for the poor. There Timeliness in Missionary Preaching are so many hospitals in some of our American cities that they compete Whenever possible we should con- one with another in securing accident nect our addresses with current cases. In China, on the other hand, events. Missions are recognized as are areas where there is but one doc- part of the great world movement, tor to three million people; one mil- and nearly every piece of foreign 'lion people as an exclusive field is news has its missionary significance. quite the usual thing. People should To-day Americans are realizing that know this. They should know that God has a great purpose in bestow- nineteen hundred years after Christ ing such prosperity upon this land, gave the Great Command there are that he is summoning America to a millions and millions who have never position of leadership in making heard of Christ; that there are vast Christianity known, and in establish- areas where it is literally news to

state that God loves mankind. Such as the afternoon edition was being facts are their own argument. given out, I saw the sidewalks blocked with a crowd of men, possi- The Use of Modern Biographies bly one thousand in number. As the newsboys came running out, I saw I have rarely heard Mr. Speer de- those men rushing after the. boys and liver an address when he did not re- buying the papers in feverish haste. fer to four or five missionary lives Wondering what great event had that he had been studying. It makes happened, I joined the throng, and the whole presentation human, aglow looked over some of the men's shoulwith warmth and fe~ling, when we ders as they read. Then I saw they connect principles and events with were not looking for news; they were actual men and women. I recommend looking for work. The only part of not only the classical missionary biog- the paper which interested them was raphies, but some of the newer ones, the "want" columns. They were melike Horace Tracy Pitkin, Pennell of chanics, carpenters, masons, capable, the Afghan frontier, and the Life of respectable men who had come to the Dr. .Cochran of Persia. These biog- newspaper office in order to get the raphies are full of good material not first chance at any stray job. I said only for missionary preaching but for to the policeman on the beat, "Are all ordinary preaching as well. these men out of work?" He said, "Yes, and many more." I went away Speaking of facts, do not forget with a heavy heart. That scene that you yourself are the biggest haunted me for days, so that I came fact, or at least the biggest factor, in to realize what it meant for thouthe sermon. Entirely apart from all sands to be out of work. the information and instruction we can give, the fact that we believe in The facts had made their deep imthese things heart and soul will pression, but let me give another preach the loudest of all. If the stage in the experience. Upon reachevangelization of the world becomes ing home I told my wife of the the central idea of our ministry, if Chicago scene, and the first thing I we are making our own sacrifices in knew she was wiping tears out of her connection with this work, the peo- eyes, and I knew that her woman's ple will know it and will be in- heart had been stirred as even mine fluenced powerfully by it. had not been. Do you not see what this means?' The preacher is be- The other day I had an experience tween the people and the facts. If of a man's power to transmit an im- he is moved, the people will be moved pression, in a more intense form, by as well. I maintain that the preacher merely describing what he has seen is pretty much the whole thing in this and heard. When I read in the matter of converting the Church to papers that two million men in our I11ISSlons. cities were out of work because of the war, the statement made some- The Beat Missionary Sermon thing of an inJpression upon my mind, but it did not stir me deeply. The finest missionary address I When, however, I was in Chicago ever heard was not by a missionary, and went past a newspaper office' just or a secretary, or a preacher; it was

AND ART OF MISSIONARY PREACHING

by a Zulu chief in Natal. I will give men were quite nude but for a fringe it verbatim, for it has the virtue of of monkey-tails about their waists. brevity, but first I must give the They wore huge head-dresses of background for the speech, in order feathers, and each man carried a that you may realize the impression spear and a shield. They certainly._ it made upon me. A few days after did look wild. And the women! How my arrival in Natal I was conducted can I make you see those women? -by Rev. F. B. Bridgman to Umvoti, Their hair was plastered thick with an out-station. the people had been red clay and grease and hung in waiting several hours for us in the strings to the level of the tip of the big stone church, so that the mission- nose. You could see their eyes peerary took me at once by the back door ing out through these slimy appento the platform. Suddenly I found dages, like French poodles. For demyself looking Qut upon a large au- cency's sake they had thrown a cloth dience of Christian Zulus. I had about their bodies, but had first heard much of the Zulus as being rubbed the cloth in the same red clay more fierce and warlike than any and grease. They were a sight to other tribe, and I knew that they had behold. They were of the earth, caused the British Government no earthy, and looked as if they had end of trouble. In the early days just been created by being pushed up people pointed fingers of scorn at the through the mud. American missionaries, and called them fools for thinking they could While I was wondering at the ever convert a Zulu, so that I was presence of these. people, the Chris- anxious to see the results of the work tian Zulu chief came forward, drest with my own eyes. There before me in a fine. frock coat and all the pan- in that audience was the answer. oply of civilization, even to the neck- There were possibly seven hundred tie pin. He had been delegated to people, the men on one side of the make the address of welcome, and center aisle, the women on the other. had brought in these raw heatnen The men were clothed in full suits of that they might serve as his text. He clothes, with collars and cuffs and oc- was going to show this man from casionally neckties; the women were America a thing or two. Turning to neatly gowned in calico. The whole the heathen men he said in a stern audience suggested prosperity, thrift, voice of command, "Stand up"; and intelligence, and character. up they stood like a row of soldiers. Then he turned to the women and While I was admiring the scene, said, in stentorian tones, "Stand up"; and thinking what a fine demonstra- and up they got. Then came his con- tion it was, my eyes dropt to the vincing lnISSlOnary sermon. He front sea·ts, and there I saw a line of turned to me and said: .the nakedest, dirtiest savages I had met anywhere in Africa. I was "Mfundisi (teacher), take a good amazed, and said to myself: "What look at these people." brought these creatures here? How did they get the courage to come in And I did. I took them all in~ with these well-drest people?" The through more than one of my senses. The chief continued: "These are heathen, as you see,

just like the wild beasts. And, raw heathen just as they are, and M fundisi, we want you to know that could visit our churches and have all of us people (here he swept his these heathen sit in the front pews, arm across the audience in a very and then stand up while you made dramatic way) were once just like this same speech, you would convert that, just like the wild beasts, until every last remaining unbeliever in Mr. and Mrs. Grout came here to foreign missions." live among us. Mfundisi, we want you to know what a great change Such a demonstration is absolute; has come over us Zulus, and we want it is complete; there is not another you to know how grateful we are to word to be said on the subject; it the Board for sending us these stares you in the face; it smites your friends to help us. And, Mfundisi, conscience; it loosens your purse. when you go back to your country over the seas, we want you to tell Does the speech of the Zulu chief your people about this change, and convey any lesson to us? Let our let them know that we are grateful." missionary sermons be' in the nature of demonstrations-a showing of the Then I broke in and said: "Chief, facts, the glorious facts of our constop right there. I want to say that quering Christ. I f we have not seen if I could take you with me to Amer- the facts we can read of them; we ica, and you could take this row of can become possest by them; we can thrill our people by their recital.

THE CHURCH AND THE WAR We hope that this war situation will recall the Church to the sacrificial principle of missions. The Church as a whole has never done anything sacrificial. Individual Christians have followed Christ, but the Church, as Duff said, has played with missions. An average of a few dimes a year from each member has represented the measure of her missionary giving, and now there are some who doubt whether the Church can continue to do even this. . . . What warrant have we, in a time of distress, for making Christ and His cause suffer first? The war which now shadows the world, and the sacrifices which are willingly made in it, should shame our timidity and our tame trifling with duty, and caU us to deal with life as a reality, and with the work of Christ in the world as worth more devotion than national honor or commercial advantage or racial pride. Every soldier dying for his country on a European battlefield, every home giving up its blood and tears, is a summons and a reproach to us men and women who have accepted the Christ of the Cross but not the Cross of the Christ. If they have counted their cause above their lives and their every po~session, why not we? What they freely yield to their lords of war and death, shan not Christians give with joy to their Lord of Life and Peace ?-ROBERT E. SPEER.

A Kansas "Cruse of Ointment"

THE STORY OF A GIFT TO THE LEPERS BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, CAMBRIDGE,. MASS. Secretary of the American Committee of the Mission to i:-epers IFE and I are about to and I determined to look up our gen- IWI sell our farm, and erous friends. ~ want to help your Imagine my surprize, on reaching work. If you will send . the town, to learn that the Methodist us your correct ad- minister had never heard of Mr. and . – dress, we would like Mrs. P. D—-. Inquiry among to make a gift to your Society for the several members of his 'church Lepers. brought no more enlightenment. We Thus ran a letter that was received called on the Dean of the Mennonite a few years ago at the Edinburgh College, and after four fruitless tele- office of the Mission to Lepers. It phone calls on people who knew a was postmarked at a small town in number of D–'s, but no P. D–, Kansas, U. S. A., and came from a the fifth man gave us the desired in- farmer with a German name. The formation. Following his directions Secretary forwarded the desired in- I walked, with the Methodist minister formation, expecting that a few dol- and the Dean of the College, to the lars might come from some one edge of the village, and there stopt whose heart had been touched by the in front of a small frame cottage.

lepers' needs. Noone connected with It was a very modest little four- the mission had ever heard of the roomed house that could not have farmer or his wife; but a surprize cost more than $700. The blinds were awaited them, for not long after a drawn, but the Dean knocked at the check came for $7,500, and the check door. After repeated knocks, the was genuine. Every year since there door was opened by a pleasant-faced have come added gifts of $100 or old German, with hair and beard $200 prompted by the same generous as white as snow. He stood in the impulse and sympathy for the work. doorway, greeting us with a pleasant A request came to me from the smile, and awaited a statement as to Edinburgh office, asking that when our mISSIOn.

convenient I would call on the Kan- The Dean explained to him in Ger- sas farmer and his wife and tell them man that we came from the Mission a little more of the work, and ex- to Lepers. Immediately the door press appreciation for their generous was pushed wide open, and without support. Last year an opportunity having spoken a word he smilingly came during a tour through the South· pointed toward the kitchen. As I.

and West. Arrangements were made passed. through the front room I with the Methodist minister of the made a quick inventory of the furni- little Kansas town for me to speak ture. Luxury was evidently a stran- in his church on a Sunday evening, ger to that home, and there was not

even any intimation of comfort. If make this plain to the old lady, who the furniture had been offered at received the expressions of gratitude auction the first bid would have been with apparent indifference. The husabout 25 cents for the' lot. band smiled and nodded, meanwhile, to show that he quite understood When we reached the, kitchen we everything. After the wife had said a found the wife, a plainly clad little few words to him, and had received German woman, whose hands and another nod of approval, she turned face gave evidence of years of sturdy to the interpreter and in a few words toil. On her neck was an unsightly quickly spoken in German, with apswelling, perhaps a goiter, which parent indifference, ended all that caused her head to lean over on her she seemed to wish to say. Then, shoulder. The marks of patient suf- resting her face on her hand, she fering were plainly visible. On being looked down at the floor, as if to say, introduced to us she shook hands, "Do not bother me any more with the and in the process we made practical subject." Her words were uttered so acquaintance with the "horny hands brusquely that I almost feared that of toil." She skirmished through the they were in some way displeased by three other rooms of the cottage and my message. Then the interpreter managed to find five straight-backed turned and translated to me, "Mr. kitchen chairs of the plainest type. Danner must not come here to thank On these the three guests and the us for what we have done. It was two old people sat down for the in- God who put it in our hearts to help terview that followed. I could only the lepers. Go and thank Him, for gaze in wonder as I thought of the all the glory belongs to Him. We thousands of dollars that these two have been very glad to help the old people had given to help the work." lepers. In a few moments we learned that the husband had been paralyzed There was nothing more to be said. in speech some years before, and The fine old couple, like Mary of could not speak a word. From his old, sought no further recognition of cheerful smile and nods of approval, the costly gifts they had made to however, it was clearly evident that their Lord. he was in' hearty sympathy with all that had been done. Finally, after we had knelt in prayer, and the Dean of the College After we had exchanged friendly had led audibly, the interview closed. greetings and had engaged in a bit In clasping hands as we said "Goodof general conversation, I asked our by," we could only think of these interpreter to express as fully and two aged and infirm Christians as strongly 'as possible the appreciation true disciples who were ,meeting the of the officers of the ~ociety for the test. of love by seeking not their own generous support they had given to welfare but the comfort and salvathe lepers' work, and to assure them tion of their less fortunate brothers that the lepers also were deeply and sisters. "Inasmuch as ye have grateful for the help they had re- done it unto one of the least of these ceived. my brethren ye have done it unto Me." The interpreter took some time to

A CAMEL CORPS OF SOLDTERS IN OMAN

War and Missions In the Persian Gulf* BY REV. EDWJN E. CALVERLEY, KUWElT, .I{:HlA 1iissionary of the Reformed Church in America HE mission stations in reality maintained by British troops from India.. The whole province of mT Arabia are far apart Oman has been in revolt for three and, except those 111 years, chiefly because the Eritish Gov- Turkish Arabia, are ernment has been insisting that the under different native gun traffic cease, This traffic has governments, with the been a source of much profit, both to British superintending tJ-reir foreign the Sultan and to the Arabs of Oman, relations. who could buy guns in Muskat and sell them at a high price to Persians At Muskat, where five missionaries and others. They would then be are carrying on evangelistic and medi- smuggled across the Gulf through cal work, the government consists of Persia and Eeluchistan and sold to a ruler, Sayid Taymur, whose title is the tribes on both sides of the Indian Sultan of Muskat and Oman. Hi~ frontier. The British were ready to actual power extends only over Muskat and its envIrons. and IS 111 * Missionary work in the Persian Gu1f is maintained by the Arabian 1-lission of the Reformed Church in America and by the Turkish-Arabia Mission of the Church Missionary Society. The former has stations on the western side of the Gulf at Muskat, Bahrein, Kuweit, and Busrah~ 1;he British Turkish-Arabia J1i~siol1 is at Bagdad. with an out-statton at Mosul. On the eastern side of the Gulf there are no mission stations, and] ,200 miles of Persian coast still await missionary occupation_-E_ E. C.

A MISSIONARY CLINIC AT KUWEIT, ON THE PERSIAN GULF recompense the Sultan of Muscat to the Sultan. These towns were for the loss of the trade, but only threatened by such a large body of after pressure was brought to bear rebels that the British increased their did he agree to second their endeav- original contingent of 200 Sepoys to ors to stop the traffic at its base. The 700, and drew a cordon around the merchants and others whose risky but two towns for their protection. This profitable livelihood was interfered indicates that the revolt has proved with, consequently broke away from of more than ordinary importance. their allegiance to the Sultan, and refused to pay their regular tribute. In January the Arabs descended upon the towns, and were only driven The association of the Sultan with {lff after 500 of their number had the British allowed the rebels to give been killed. The missionaries, whose a religious character to their up- homes are outside the city walls, rerising, and they chose an Imam, or moved to the British Consulate durleader, who preached a jehad, or re- ing the attack, and so were safe. ligious warfare. This Imam played upon the prejudices and superstitions The British officials claim that the of the people, an.d even pr:omised to revolt has been maintained by German turn the projectiles of the English interests, and report that they have weapons into water, so that they discovered a German merchant at could harm no one. Town after Bahrein who has been supplying the town joined in the revolt, until only rebels with funds for a Moslem up- Muskat and Matrah remained loyal rising.

Missionary work could not be ex-

AND MISSIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

pected to flourish in the conditions preaching services. The work among described. Only the medical mis- the women has been especially ensionary was able to do any touring. couraging. The out-station at N akhl, in the heart of Oman, has been unvisited The Bahrein doctor has also made for some time. In Muskat the un- a very successful tour to Katif, on settled state of affairs has had an un- the mainland, in a region that until favorable effect ,on both school and two years ago was under Turkish Bible-shop work, but the dispensaries authority, and practically closed to at Muskat and Matrah are kept busy. all Westerners. Since Abd el Aziz bin Saud, the Emir of Central Ara- Bahrein, the famous pearling cen- bia, took the province of EI Hassa, it ter, has felt the influence of the Euru- is being opened by persistent and pean war less than the other stations tactful efforts. There is every prosin the Gulf. The people receive their pect that the province can be occupied information about the war chiefly as soon as the mission can secure the from Indian and Egyptian sources, necessary workers. which are mainly pro-British, so that there has been little interference with Vhen the European war broke out, missionary work. The hospital has Kuweit was a subject of. much negobeen full, and the patients and others tiation between London, Constantihave provided large audiences for the nople, and Berlin, since it has often been mentioned as a terminus of the A SCENE IN THE KUWEIT BIBLE SHOP, ARABIA

Bagdad Railway. As the sources of she sent an envoy to the Emir to senews in Kuweit have been Turkish cure the assistance of his wild Bethere has, been considerable sympathy douin against the British, but the with the Germans. But the ruler, Emir had already sent to ask the Sheikh Mubarak, whose title is now British how he could be of assistance Sultan of Kuweit, is thoroughly pro- to them.• British, and recently gave over $15,000 to, the Red Cross Ambulance Na missionary work has yet been Society. He is so strong in his rule, done in Central Arabia, but it is bethat nothing hostile to the Allies was lieved that the time is at hand when ever done. missionaries may enter there.

The absence of hostility toward the The chief activity in the Persian British, who are the chief foreigners Gulf is pearl-fishing, and when thc of the Gulf, helps the missionaries, war started the market for pearls since peace and good will favor their closed. Many of those engaged in activities. the business continued their opera- tions, but they only sank more of Busrah is the mission that has suf- their capital in what yielded little or nothing. Around Busrah the Turkferedmost fron1 the war; but it has ish mobilization also prevented the full harvesting of the dates and had less to endure than some other brought financial hardship to many. missions in Turkey and in Persia. The situation in the Gulf is so se- The missionaries were not compelled rious that the British Government to leave their station, altho there were prepared to undertake relief measanxious times when they wondered ures for the needy, and the missionwhether it would not be wiser to aries have also increased their methleave. Before Turkey entered the ods of service. war the authorities started to mobilizetroops and to requisition coal and After the Turks took over the postother supplies belonging to their own office at Busrah, the missionaries subjects and to foreigners. The were unable to receive their usual re- British consul ordered all British mittances and found themselves in shipping to mOve to Persian waters straitened circumstances, and funds at'l1uhammarah, and when the Turks were only procured for them by cable announced that they were going to through the American consulate at take over the British post-office the Bagdad. British ceased their mail service to Busrah. Later, all the British who In spite of difficulties the missioncould left for Muhammarah, and aries met in Muskat and celebrated when war was finally declared the the twenty-fifth anniversary of the four American missionaries joined founding of the Arabian Mission. the Turkish Red Crescent Society. They exprest the belief that never before were the prospects for their The southern portion of Central work among the Moslems of Arabia Arabia, under Emir Abdul Aziz, was so encouraging, and asked for six formerly occupied by Turkish troops, new ~issionaries and increased funds but has for some years been adminis- to meet their growing responsibilities tered by the Emir for Constantinople. and opportunities. When Turkey joined in the conflict,

Be Interested In Missions?"t

BY MR. GEORGE INNES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Honorary Secretary of the Cairo University ..-.–.,……,….–~ HERE are six reasons view. But one can' not go into the that I would like to heathen lands and come to any such mention, briefly, among conclusions by any human process.

the many that could The very apparent hopelessness of be given, why one the thing shows that we must be would choose to be identified with a supernatural task.

directly and deeply interested in mis- Another reason is the externe dan- SIons. gers of the task. .It is hazardous to The first is that missions offer to life; it is hazardous to one's family; one the greatest opportunity pre- it is hazardous to one's mind. But sented by any line of work for life. every undertaking is dangerous. The I do not think there is any enterprise man in business is in constant dan- in which a human being could en- ger. He is held in the constant grip gage that is capable of taking a of the nightmare that he may fail, man's talents and gifts and of ex- that some day the thing may take a panding them as far as missionary turn and slip away. The fear is not work. merely that he will lose money; but The second reason is that missions that his life will be a failLlre.

present the greatest difficulties of any In this missionary enterprise, we enterprise, and so make one who is have a guaranty that it will be dan- able to endure them, more rugged gerous from the start. When a man than he otherwise would be. The goes away to war, he knows that the tremendous difficulties themselves chances are that' he will lose his life.

give a charm to the worK. But to find a' man wounded in the The third reason is the hopeless- trenches is very different from find- ness of the task. A few years ago I ing a man wounded in his office. No traveled from mission field to mis- explanation is necessary from the sion field, marveling that anyone had trenches, but an explanation may be any hope of success, because I could necessary in the ordinary walks of see no good evidence that those lands life. If you lose your money' for would ever become Christian. When the glory of your country you are I spoke of this to a missionary who in a different position than if you had spent sixty years in China, he lose it in the 'wheat-pit. Therefore, answered: "It is true that, humanly the very hazard of the missionary speaking, there is no hope." There business is one of the greatest rea- are other Christian enterprises that sons why one is eager to undertake it.

seem to hold out reasonable expec- A fifth reason is that it constitutes tations of success, for the human· the most hopeful instrument for lift- mind can see how to attain the end in ing one abo~e self, of submerging * From an address at the meeting of the American Christian Literature Society fOor Mo~le~s, January 29th, in the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Olcott, New York.

ambition. Napoleon was a great man I -or what might be called "neargreat." He failed of being a great I was coming up to see them. I did man because he could not rise above not care very much about seeing himself. He was not engaged in a him, for when he lived with us in big enough enterprise, or he might Iowa, when I was a boy, he was have succeeded. The missionary task such an austere man that the recolpractically guarantees that a man lection did not bring much pleasure to will rise above selfish ambition. 1 do my mind. But I went up there, and not believe that a life spent con- found that he lived about six miles tinuously in the missionary enterprise out from the little town. With my in a heathen land can fail to accom- little boy I drove out there, and plish it. One can not engage in the finally stopt at the door of a little missionary enterprise without having .stone farm house. We rapped at the conditions come up from time to door, and my father's cousin greeted time that make. one say: "I will give me. Then we went in and sat down everything to have this go." 1 do together; but there was not much not mean it is always the wisest fellowship. When we had gathered thing to dispossess one's self of all corn together in Iowa for six weeks he has. As a matter of fact, it sel- he spoke to me only twice during dom is; but it is a mighty achieve- that time–and then he scolded me. ment to be willing to do it. That little old Scotch house had probably not changed much in gener- The sixth reason that 1 would give ations. There were only two rooms, is that the task, being so difficult and one at one end of the house was so hazardous, means that you must called the "butt," the other room at live a life with Christ. You must the other end was called the "ben." pray or ,you will, give up the work. There were great flagstones for the Without Him you can not achieve floor, and there was a large, open anything. If a man has really given fireplace in which they had burned his heart to Christ, and is convinced peat until the creosote hung down that there is an enterprise that re- like stalactites. It was a cold day in quires that he be a man of prayer, I th.e latter part of December, and there think that he must ultimately under- was only a little piece of peat about take it. the size of a potato smoking in the fireplace. My father's cousin said, What do I mean by that? There "Come up to the fire and get warm." are men in all classes who pray. There was just about enough fire Some men who are not Christians to make you hot by provoking you to pray, and nearly all Christians pray anger. at times. But I mean more than that. Some years ago when I was in He said, "I am glad you came out." Scotland, my parents' native land, I "Yes, I am glad I came out," I restoptfor a time in Glasgow, my plied-and I was, because I could go mother's birthplace. While there I home and say that I had seen my wrote to the only relative of my father's relative-but I might also father whom I knew, who lived up have said, "I will be glad when I in the Highlands, and told him that can go away." "Well, can't you stay? Why didn't

BE INTERESTED IN MISSIONS?

you bring your wife out? Where is had gone down into their treasures, she?" and gathered up all the heirlooms of generations to decorate that table. "Oh," I replied, "she is at the vil- We sat there all the afte;noon, and lage, but it is cold and we have a they brought the old Bible and we little child that it would not do to prayed together. Then when they bring. Besides, we have not very said, "We do wish your wife had much time. We go to Egypt pretty come," I said, "I really wish so, too; soon." It was ten days before we and perhaps she may, for in the had to sail, but I did not say any- livery where I hired the trap to-day thing about that. I noticed a closed carriage."

We talked on for a while until The next day my wife and I drove the men came in from the fields. The out, and sat there all day long talkwife got a big pot of potatoes and a ing over relationships of the family. pot of kale, and the men took their We rehearsed all the choice stories of great horn spoons and went to eating. the family, about those who were far They did not even invite us to sit away and those who had passed down with them. "Well," I said to beyond. We spent one of the most myself, "this is hospitality." But by delightful days of my whole life. and by the food was cleared away. The wife and her husband had not Now, you and I, in the ordinary eaten. forms ?f Christian work, have come into relationship with Christ, and we After the men had returned to the want to go away into the inner chamfield, they said, "Weel, Gordie, come ber and spend our days and nights awa this wie," and they led us with Him. We must have this felthrough a door into a room at the lowship of the inner chamber with other end of the house. There they Christ normally every day. Of all had prepared a meal that I did. not enterprises I know, missionary work know anything about. There was a is most likely to bring us into this stove in this room, and it was warm. intimate relationship with our Lord. There was linen on the table. They CHOOSE YE THIS DAY Three little words set forth the way "I can"-1:his is the word of faith, Which leads to Zion Hill, With eyes on Jesus' fa1:e, And form three steps from earth to Sure that when duty says "thou shalt," heaven- God gives the needed grace.

HI ought," "I can," HI will."

"I ought"-'tis here that conscience "I will"-mark now the word of choice speaks- Which angels wait to hear; God's voice within the heart- For a willing God meets a willing soul, Points out the right, detects the wrong, And brings salvation near.

And shows where pathways part.

"Choose then this day whom ye will serve," OUf Leader summons still; Let each young voice make glad re- sponse- "I ought," "I can," "I will."

-Life and Work.

Were the Apostles?*

A MISSIONARY BIBLE-READING ' BY MR. GEORGE J. WILLIAMS fJT HE word "missionary" is aries," provide illustrations of the ways the Latin equivalent for in which this message was first de- 'the Greek "apostle," both words denoting "one livered·t who is sent." If we sub- A very illuminating reading of the New Testament follows the substitution stitute the word "mis- of the word "missionary" for "apostle,"

sionary" for "apostle" wherever it is as is seen in the following passages: used in the Gospels and Epistles, what a "When it was day, He called unto Him different meaning would be brought out His disciples, and of them He chose in some familiar passages. For example, twelve, whom also he named mission- if we read: "He chose twelve whom He wries."

na.med missionaries." "Now in the names of the 12 miss.ion- "He sat down and the twelve mission- aries are these: The first, Simon, who is aries with Him." called Peter; and Andrew, his brother; "I am the least of the missionaries James, the son of Zebedee; and John, that am not meet to be called a mission- his brother," etc.

ary." (St. Paul, I Cor. IS :19·) "The missionaries gathered themselves "That ye may be mindful of the com- together unto Jesus, and told Him all mandment of us the missionaries of the things, both what they had done, and Lord and Savior." (2 Peter 3: 2.) what they had taught."

What different associations would "And the missionaries, when they the express'ion "apostolic succession" were returned, told Him all that they had suggest if we read it "missionary suc- done."

cession." It is doubtless true that the "The missionaries. said unto the Lord: meaning of both words is different to- Increase our faith." day from that which they conveyed when "When the hour was come, He sat the original words were first used by the writers of the New Testament, but we down, and the twelve missionaries with believe that the substitution of the word Him." missionary for apostle recalls important truths which have been forgotten, and "It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, brings us nearer to a true understanding and Mary the mother o£ James, and of the original expression. At the same other women that were with them, which time it helps to remind us of the high told these things unto the missionaries." apostolic dignity which attaches to the office of every Christian missionary. "They gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was num- The Gospels contain the substance of bered with the eleven missionaries." the message which. the missionary has to deliver to the world, and the Acts of "They continued stedfastly in the missionaries' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in the Apostles, which might equally well prayers."

be rendered, the "Acts of the Mission- *From Australasian Men and Missions. tSee canon C. H. Robinson's book, "The Mis- sionary Prospect. ,. "With great power gave the mission- "Salute Andronicus and Junia, my aries witness of the resurrection of the kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who Lord Jesus; and great grace was upon are of note among the missionaries." them all." "If I be not a missionary unto others, "They laid them down at the mission- yet doubtless I am to you; for the seal aries' feet; and distribution was made of my missionaryship are ye in the unto every man according as he had Lord." need." "Paul, a missionary of Jesus Christ by "Having land, sold it, and brought the the will of God, and Timothy, our money, and laid it at the missionaries' brother, unto the church of God, which feet." is at Corinth, with all the saints which are in all Achaia." "By the hands of the' missionaries were many signs and wonders wrought "Truly the signs of a miss.ionary were among the people; and they were all wrought among you in all patience, in with one accord in Solomon's porch." signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds."

"Then Peter and the other mission- "But other of the missionaries saw I aries answered and said, We ought to none, save James, the Lord's brother." obey God rather than men." "And are built upon the foundation of "Now when the missionaries, which the missionaries and prophets, Jesus were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria Christ Himself being the chief cornerhad received the word of God, they sent stone." unto them Peter and John." "Which in other ages was not made "When Simon saw that through lay- known unto the sons of men, as it is now ing on of the missionaries' hands the revealed unto His holy missionaries and Holy Ghost was given, he offered them prophets by the Spirit." money." "He gave some missionaries, and some "The missionaries and brethren that prophets, and some evangelists, and were in Judea heard that the Gentiles some pastors and teachers." had also received the .word of God." "Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, "But the multitude of the city was and a missionary (I speak the truth in divided; and part held with the Jews, Christ, and lie not); a teacher of the and part with the missionaries." Gentiles in faith and "Verity."

"When they were come to Jerusalem, "VThereunto I am appointed a preachthey were received of the church, and er, and a missionary, and a teacher of of the missionaries and elders, and they the Gentiles." declared all things that God had done with them." The temptation is to pass by such familiar Scriptural references without "Then pleased it the missionaries and special thought, but if the above paselders, with the whole church, to send sages are carefully read and thought chosen men of their own company to about the accumulated effect is consider- Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, namely, Judas, surnamed Barabbas, and Silas, able. chief men among the brethren." A careful consirleration of these "And as they went through the cities, passages, with their significance, will they delivered them the decrees for to greatly deepen the impression that the keep, that were ordained of the mission- New Testament is indeed a book of aries and elders which were at J eru- missionary purpose. ' The above refersalem.", ences alone might well be regarded as supplying a basis for many missionary "Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called addresses and sermons. to be a missionary, separated unto the Gospel of God." In Mr. Cuthbert McEvoy's little book, "The Great Embassy," the following

passage emphasizes what has been said: gier, Tanganyika, Fianarantsoa, Be- "The missionary character of the New nares, Peking, Korea, Labrador. That is the significance of the familiar names Testament is very evident. As we rap- at the top of the pages of our New idly turn the leaves of this little book Testament. A cursory glance convinces there flits before our eyes a summary us that here has been a great sending." of the political and commercial geography of the ancient world. We catch The real Magna Charta of the missight of such names as Romans, Corin- sionary enterprise is the entire truth set thians, Galatians, Ephesians, .Philip- forth in the New Testament. Properly pians, Colossians, Thessalonians-names speaking, nothing in Christianity can be that carry us half-way round the Medi- understood until it is universally interterranean. ilfhen we think of the se- preted. In the interpretation of Chriscluded corner of Judea to which these tianity we have to admit that redempnames are related, and the short space tion is still the light of all our seeing, of time in wliich communication has and to fail to understand the redemptive been set up, we understand at once that purpose of the Gospel is to fail to unthere has been a great outspreading. Let derstand its heart. Hence there can be the full thrill of these names come home no understanding of Christ as Redeemer to us. If we make allowance for the unless He be universally interpreted, increa,sed facilities of travel, it is as if and unless the Church regards itself as we took London as our starting-point, the missionary sent by Christ into all and spoke of places as far apart as Tan- the world.

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….. .-,.c0IoJ.a…1….l.O….'.JI.1I.,'G…,……………. ··-~.:e."';i'~~3 ii:i:…~bo!:.:;::.~ ~(~"i!' ……… -:–::::…_;":1;; THE FIELD IS THE WORLD -1,000 Wall Maps of Canada and the World, 31 feet wide by 51 feet the Missionary Bulletin. Special' Club I'lltes for the Missionary long, value SI,250.oo, will be given to the first" thousand Sunday Bulletin and other Missionary Ut-erature and for Lanterns and ~ools and Ep~Orth Leagues that co-operate in obtaining and using Lantern Slides are offered to aU who take part in the LIVING LINK ~issionary equipment. Every Church needs Maps and up.to-date CAMPAIGN. Litera~re to provide information regarding the developments which ~ taking place in our Mission Fields. The Missionaries. whose Registration Card.. plana IlDd explanations have bew seat to tIM Pastors, Ibe Sunday School Superintendents and the Epworth LeaQue Presidents. For further PictUres are on the reverse side of this sheet, write interestinQ,letters about our work in China, llipaD and Canada, which are published in Iin~t_O~l'.lDEI£I-ti=on-,-a.d=d=teIU:~1F.:Ci.oS~TeEDPtH,ENMSeOthNo,diSstecMreitsasrioyn, Young People'. For- Rooms, TORONTO.

A POSTER, 34 X 28 INCHES, PRINTED IN RED AND BLACK BY THE CANADIAN METHODISTS

Magyars In Hungary and

America* BY REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA. General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States mT HERE are about 20,000,-" ably more than any other of our immi- 000 inhabitants of Hun- grant races, the Magyars injure them- . gary, of whom some selves· by overwork. They are a wine- 9,000,000, or nearly one- and beer-drinking people, and the saloon half, are Magyars. These plays a very prominent part in their so- people are of Asiatic cial life. Their beneficiary societies usually meet in the saloons, and the origin, and are unrelated to any other saloon-keepers are the leaders among them. Many live in boarding-houses, European nation with the possible excep- and their offenses against chastity are frequent. Their illiteracy, however, is tion of the Finns. only 11.4 per cent., and makes a better showing than that of any immigrants About twenty-five years ago immigra- from Eastern or Southern Europe, ex- cept the Finns. They are clannish, and tion from Hungary to America began do not learn the English language as rapidly as some other foreign nationalias a result of political and economic ties. An amazingly small proportion be- come citizens. The Immigration Comconditions, and recently 40,000 have mission states that 27 per cent. become American citizens. Fifty per cent. of come annually. In the year 1900, the those identified with American Protes- tant churches' become citizens. immigration from Austria-Hungary was The Magyars furnish relatively a next to the smallest, but in 19IO it stood larger percentage of Protestants than any other class of the new immigrants, third on the list. The male element and, taken as a whole, they constitute the largest group of all the Reformed or greatly predominates, for fully So per Presbyterian family. At home they are regarded as pious and God-fearing, obcent. leave their families in the old coun- serving Sundays, and old and young at- tend church. try. Nearly 50 per cent. of those who The Hungarian Government employs give Hungary as their native land speak in America 22 ministers, who serve 25 congregations, reporting r6,000 memthe Magyar language, and most of them bers, who came to communion during the year. settle in the middle Atlantic and North The National Church expends about Central States. $r5,000 annually for the support of this work, and every congregation that joins In Europe the Magyars have been principally engaged in the cultivation of small farms. They live in villages, and go to their farms daily. In America, however, they generally' go into the mines and factories. Four-fifths of them are in the' work places of Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and New Jersey.

These people earn anywhere from $1.50 to $3.50 a week, and yet they bring more industrial skill than the average Slav, and their earning power is greater than most of the Slavic nationalities. They have a certain race pride which forbids them to become objects of charity un- les's it is an absolute necessity. Prob- *"From a report to the Home Missions Council, January, 1915.

the National Church receives a donation spend some time in Europe to study conof $500. Ministers receive an average ditions among these people. Deaconesses s_alary from the Conventus of from are likewise prepared at a number of $600 to $800, and the two Classical places in this country. Presidents receive an extra compensation of $400 a year. Every congregation The neglected fields among the Hunreceives Hungarian text-books and garians are many. The following places tracts free of charge. Hungarians who are among those that have no Protestant join the Reformed or the Presbyterian work: churches in the United States and owning property in Hungary must continue Hung. Population to pay their church-taxes, whereas members belonging to the National Church Baltimore, Md. . ………….. 1,358 in America are exempt from paying Jersey City, N. J…………… 1,084 their church-taxes in Hungary. Milwaukee, Wis. . …………. 5,571 Minneapolis, Minn. . .. , ……. 1,176 The Reformed Church in the United St. Paul, Minn. . ………….. 1,100 States has 14 congregations, with a mem- San Francisco, Cal. ….. :….. 1,247 bership of about I ,900, and expends Troy, N. Y. ……………… 100 about $8,000 a year in this work. Pres- Rochester, N. Y. …………. 300 byterian Church (North) has 37 con- Procton, N. Y. …………… 300 gregations, with a membership of Binghamton, N. Y…………. 1,769 2,331; the Baptists report 26 congregations, with a membership of 740; the Bayonne, N. J……………. 1,795 .Reformed Church in America, four congregations. Presbyterian Church (South) Since most of the Hungarians who conducts seven missions, and Hun- come to America are identified with some garian Lutherans in America have five Catholic or Protestant church, cooperamissions with 1,700 members. The Mag- tion on the part of the Protestant bodies yars have about twenty-five religious in America is all the more essential and and secular papers in the United States, imperative. Those who are not memone of which has a circulation of 35,000 bers of the Roman Catholic churches copies. They are poorly provided with lean, by historic and national training, church literature, and ought to have to the Reformed faith. The denomitracts, religious pamphlets, temperance national differences and divisions so literature, Bibles, and prayer-books. prevalent in America should not be per- There is no supply of Hungarian Sun- petuated among these people. Immigraday-school lesson-papers, or any exposi- tion Committees should appoint an Advition of the Sunday-school lessons. sory Board or a Permanent Committee, constituted of representatives from the Most of the present workers have constituent bodies now engaged in work been imported from Hungary. Bloom- among these people, which committee field, New Jersey; Dubuque, Iowa; Hei- shall have general supervision of the delberg University, Tiffin, Ohio; Cen- Magyars in America. tral Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio; Theological Seminary, Lancaster, With the unification of our divided Pa.; Mt. Airy, Pa.; train and educate work we may be able to build up a strong young men for the work of the ministry Protestant-Hungarian manhood and woamong the Hungarians in America. The manhood in America that will constitute Presbyterian Church has established sev- a valuable asset in the development of eral fellowships, enabling young men to the future political, social, moral, and religious life of America.

Pandita Ramabai at Mukti *

BY MRS. F. P. HORNE, OF THE BOMBAY "GUARDIAN"

I MJUKTI (Salvation), the stores of grain and fresh spices and Christian village found- vegetables for the coming week. Rama- ed by Pandita Ramabai, bai has found it best to pay the trained is one of the most in- women according to their work, and teresting places in India. several hundreds of them are now pur- _ Kedgaon, the railway chasing, and cooking their food. This station, is on the southern section of the arrangement makes them more thrifty Great Indian Peninsula Railway, not far and more capable in the management of from beautiful Poona. their .household affairs.

We were welcomed at the busy little Pandita Ramabai moved about in station by the Christian driver of the white garments with her bag and foun- bullock-wagon, who carried our rugs, tain pen. The village owns her sway, pillows, and other belongings to the ve- and one feels her influence everywhere.

hicle, near which the sleek bullocks were In the evening we had a long talk with quietly chewing the cud. They started her and Manoramabai, seated outside off cheerfully across the uneven, dusty her office, It is here that Ramabai sits roads, past the post-office, and on to -a true Pandita-and proclaims Jesus Mukti, which lies a half-mile distant on to Brahmins and low-castes alike, who the main road. On one side is the Kripa . seek her out because they have heard her Sadan, or Home of Mercy, and near it fame.

is a new hospital, roughly built, but well The row of cottages facing the road suited to the needs of the settlement. forms one of the boundaries' of the set- On the other side of the roadway are tlement. Back of these is a hive of busi- gardens and shady trees, which front a ness and learning. The walls called long row of one-roomed "houses." Sev- "Salvation," with the gates called eral are guest-rooms for the pilgrims "Praise," are now the center of a colony continually arriving at Mukti-Ameri- of rough mud buildi'ngs, with corrugated- cans, Britishers, Canadians, Australians, iron roofs, for the place has widely ex- and Indians. One is the office of Pan- ceeded Ramabai's first plans. In these dita Ramabai, and another is her bed- rooms are other foreign and Indian room; ~ few foreign workers also have workers, and hundreds of girls and wo- rooms in this line. men, who are divided according to age.

As Saturday is a holiday, we were un- The children form one section, the girls able to see the girls and women at their from twelve to sixteen another, and so work, but we saw the fruit of their labors they are graded. Each section has its in piles of books and tracts, stacks of time divided between school work, in- cotton carpets and rugs, and beautiful dustrial work, and domestic work, and drawn-thread work and embroidery. The each section is in charge of a foreign women had been bathing, and most of worker, with Indian matrons as her them' were about their domestic work, helpers. A large number of the elder with their hair loose, to dry it in the sun. girls are now employed in the printing- On Friday evening there is a bazaar, for press; for a few years ago Ramabai on that day the women purchase their placed the office in charge of an Ameri- "From The EvanJielical Christian.

can lady-missionary, who has under her themselves on the floor, while nearby a large staff of girl compositors, girl sits the missionary worker in charge.

machinists, and girl binders. An im- The little ones behave wonderfully well mense amount of good literature is pre- through the long service; if one begins pared in this press, and here is being to fidget, an elder girl moves forward printed Ramabai's version of the New and touches the child on her arm or Testament. The great value of this ver- shoulder, and quietness is again re- sion is the simplicity and charm of its stored. The chief disturbers of the language, which make it "understanded" peace are the babies, who, generally lie on by the simple village folk. The prepara- the floor beside their mothers. Some go tion of the Old Testament is going on. to sleep, some crawl about, while some On the outskirts of the settlement is have to be taken out, who want to share the little hospital where consumptive the attention of the audience with the girls and women are living. The scourge pastor. The church holds about 2,000 "iCl~ consumption is abroad in India, and. persons, and there must have been fully it specially attacks those who have been 1,500 present. The volume of praise and weakened by famine; so that careful prayer that ascended sounded as the watch is kept at Mukti, and when girls noise of many waters, and we thought begin to lose weight, or to suffer from of the great multitude who will stand fever, their work is lessened, and they before the Throne out of every tongue, are given a special diet of milk; while and people, and tribe.

those who are really affected are kept After the sermon, when Bibles were away from the rest in this airy hospital, much in evidence, the Lord's Supper attached to which is a little vegetable was administered, five or six of the garden, in which the patients are en- workers passing the bread and wine to couraged to work. Two lady doctors, the kneeling people. The last group to Drs. Talbot and Roberts, are in charge come for communion were the women of the health department. from the Kripa Sadan, with Miss Bacon Of all the days at Mukti, the Sabbath guiding them. Reverently they knelt, is the best loved, and a spirit of Sabbath and with their kind guardian took the rest and worship seems to hush the soul symbols of their Lord's death. After the on that morning. Quite early in the day prayer and benediction, the assembly the place is astir, and girls and women, dispersed in as orderly a fashion as it with glossy hair and neat jacket and entered.

sari, are seen moving about the great A new development of the work at compound, with Bible and hymn-book in Mukti is its spread to outlying parts.

hand. N ear the hour of service, every Ramabai was asked to open a school for one seems to be making her way to the high-caste women at Gulburga, some church building in long, orderly file. We hundred miles away. Manoramab'ai has entered the building early, and took our secured school-room, dwelling-house, and seats near the platform, whereon was pupils for the workers. Much prayer seated the pastor, Rev. W. W. Bruere. is asked for this new venture. Another He is dearly loved by everyone, for, branch is the settlement of Mr. and Mrs.

having known the work from its com- Escott at a village a few miles from mencement, he has baptized most of the Mukti. But Ramabai's heart yearns over girls and women, and welcomed them the people of the Deccan: for years into the Christian Church. Each de- prayer has been ascending for an out- partment of the great institution knows pouring of God's Spirit upon them, and its place, and moves to it without hurry . Ramabai believes that before long there or delay, the girls and women seating will be a mass-movement toward Christ.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK THE SOCIAL SIDE OF THE MISSIONARY MEETING EAJ S the years go by the at a drawing-room meeting in Phila- ~ sOci.al side of missionary delphia; and Men and Missions, the same programs grows more month, printed an important address de- and more prominent, livered at a prominent home in New whether for better or York City. — worse is a question. Great things have been accomplished, On the other hand, many leaders are, especially during the last decade, through we believe, putting too much emphasis social methods. "The luncheons were on the social side, and some are using the great social solvents and recruiting methods which are, to say the least, grounds of the Woman's Jubilee." says out of keeping with such high and holy Mrs. Helen Barret Montgomery. The service. Missionary teas, banquets and same was true of the great campaigns luncheons have a legitimate place in the of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. work, but they should be free from any- In city after city hundreds of men, many thing that may bring contempt upon the of whom cared little for missions, sat cause of Christ. down to break brea4 together and listen to missionary addresses. What About Refreshments? Serving refreshments at all reg- God has also highly honored Christia:n ular meetings of a missionary society is homes placed at his disposal for advanc- a form of missionary bait in almost uniing the cause of missions. Some of the versal use. Many societies apparently most important events in the history of act on the assumption that no one will missIons have taken place ,in private come unless there is something to eat. houses. The Baptist Missionary Society If this is true, we deserve to be called -the forerunner of all our great mod- cake-Christians! ern societies-w,as born in the Widow Wallis' back-parlor; woman's organized It is an encouraging sign that many work for missions had its inception, leaders are beginning to question the both in England and America, in private wisdom of this continual eating. It drawing-rooms; and the Student Volun- costs both time and money, and often teer Movement was the outgrowth of fails to make adequate returns on the meetings held in the back parlor of a investment. The mere serving of refreshreturned missionary in Princeton, N. J. ments will not build a society up, nor will omitting refreshments kill it, The Down to the present time this beauti- Best Methods editor once attended a soful ministry of the drawing-room has ciety that served refreshments, which continued, and large and influential the members ate standing stiffly around homes are being used more and more the room. Then they went home comfor missions. The Spirit of Missions plaining of the lack of sociability, and (March, 1915), told of a $10,000 pledge the meetings grew smaller and smaller. for St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo, made She knows of other societies that, after doing away with refreshments and de-

pending solely on the drawing power of Besides this, we do not feel that we can Christ and the interest inherent in mis- afford a lunch at each meeting. Weare sions, have grown steadily in sociability by no means a "close" society, as' the as well as in numbers. amount of our thank-offerings and Last year the W oman',s Missionary other contributions show, but we feel Society in Union Presbyterian Church, that the money in ou~ treasury has been in Schenectady, made a test of the mat- given to the Lord and can not be used ter. At the beginning of their new selfishly. Our contingent fund is not year in March, 1914, they decided to large enough to allow us to serve re- try the experiment of going without re- freshments every month.

freshIllents at the regular meetings for I do not mean you to think that we at least a year. At the annual meeting never have "aids to indigestion" at our in February, 1915, it was reported that 'meetings, but we do not make a habit the average attendance had been almost of it. Our suciety meets on the same doubled! night as that of the older women.

THE SOCIAL SIDE IN A YOUNG Whenever either society has a particular- WOMAN'S SOCIETY· ly interesting feature on its program, it invites the other society to join it BY MISS LAURA M. GIBSON, PHILADEL- after the business meeting. On such occasions, when the older women are , PUlA, PA. our guests, we usually serve refresh- ments. Very often, too, on other special In practically every organization of occasions, our Social Committee surpriza religious character the question arises es us with a dainty but inexpensive reconcerning the social side. The Young past, which is the more delightful be-' VToman's Mis'sionary Society is no ex- cause so unexpected. ception; the question might even be considered of more importance here than Our meetings are always rather inelsewhere, as this organization deals formal. . I do not mean that they are altogether with young women. lacking in dignity or in observance of parliamentary rule, but there is no re- Each society must, to a certain degree, straint. Each member feels free to solve this question for itself, taking into give her opinion on any subject brought consideration its own particular mem- up and to take part in any discussion. bership. Our society (the Young Wo- We do not feel that we need to wait man's Missionary Society, Oak Park until a social hour after the meeting United Presbyterian Church, Philadel- to become acquainted. Tho our ages phia) has no social time, if by that term differ, we are all girls bound together is meant the serving of a lunch. But by a common interest, and so sociability it has a decidedly social time if by that or good-fellowship predominates in our is meant good-fellowship. meetings.

We have never formed the custom On the whole, while a social spirit is of eating at our regular meetings and vital in a Young Woman's Missionary we have found that our new members Society, we do not believe that a fixt (we have at least one at almost every social hour is a necessity. meeting) as well as the old ones, are keenly alive and interested without the use of this method of attraction.

We believe that it would be necessary GUEST DAY IN A WOMAN'S for one or more members to miss the SOCIETY last part of the meeting in order to have refreshments ready for the rest of us. It has never been the custom in the Woman's Missionary Society of the * From The Wotnafl'S }"fissionary Magazine, First Presbyterian Church, Springfield, United Presbyterian Church. Ohio, to serve refreshments at all the

OF BEST METHODS

regular meetings. It has, however, been costume of some European country, and a pleasant feature of each year's work who poured coffee and tea. On a raised to have at least four meetings with platform was a smaller table at which special social features. eight little girls, also drest in European costume, were seated. Both the foreign Last year, one of these took the form hostesS'es and the little girls were introof a luncheon served at one o'clock 111 duced to the guests by a member of the the church parlors, to which the members society who occupied a place at the of the missionary societies of the Second speakers' table. The last course (Turkand Third Presbyterian Churches were ish delight) was served by the little girls, also invited. In the year book of the who left their table for the purpose. society this was designated as "Guest Day" and its ostensible purpose was The menu cards were printed and hearing reports from the Dayton Pres- had tiny American flags (these can be byterial Missionary Society, of which bought in the form of stickers) pasted the three societies are auxiliaries. to the upper corners. There were six courses as follows: It proved a delightful affair, bringing the societies in closer fellowship with Russian Zakonska one another and adding to their interest in missions. More than a hundred French Bouillon women sat down at tables made exceedingly attractive with cut glass and Chicken a L'Italienne silver, dainty china and fresh flowers. Macaroni At the close of the repast, reports from the Presbyterial which had Irish Potatoes recently held very profitable sessions in a near-by city, were given in German Salad the form of after-dinner speeches. Presented by able speakers representing American Fruits the three societies, they were listened Swedish Cakes and Coffee to with very keen interest. We can think of no better way of preseriting Russian Tea reports from such gatherings. Turkish Delight AN IMMIGRATION LUNCHEON At the close of the luncheon, the hun- dred or more women present listened Combining a missionary theme with to a stirring address on "Immigration" a church supper or luncheon given under by the Rev. Herman F. Swartz, secretary non-missionary auspices is an unusual of the Congregation Home Missionary thing, but it can be done with great Society. pleasure and profit, as has been proved by the Woman's Guild in a Congrega- The entire affair was planned and cartional Church in New Jersey. It is the ried out by the Guild with the assistance custom in this Guild (an organization of one member of the Missionary Society after the order of the "Ladies' Aid") who helped to secure the costumes. It to give an annual luncheon at 75 cents was a great success, for it served to a plate, to raise funds for church equip- bring the women together, raised the ment. Last year this took the form necessary funds, and being given under of an "Immigration Luncheon" with non-missionary 'auspices induced many many missionary features. women who are not in the habit of at- tending the regular missionary meetings, ,There were eight tableS', each presided to listen to a real missionary address. over by a lady who was drest in the

CARPET RAG SOCIALS board of trade, the press club, or the current events club) to distinguished Social gatherings where sewing or travelers or foreigners from the Orient other work is done for missions are es- who will present in a tactful mann~r pecially good, for they are both the missionary aspect of international profitable and enjoyable. Real work is relationships. This may ~eem imposdone for missions and the sociability sible to accomplish, yet it can be done as and fellowship of the women of the local Mr. Ellis proves by the following conchurch is promoted-far better, as a rule, crete example: than by regular sociables. "This is how a Schenectady pastor did A large amount of work can be ac- it," he says. "He invited a journalistcomplished in this way with comparative- traveler to spend Sunday with him, and ly little effort. A few years ago when to speak Saturday night to the men of Scotia Seminary (a large boarding- the city. Then he went to the Press school for colored girls in North Caro- Club and said: 'Mr. Gadabout is to be lina) was in need of a large number of with me over Sunday; don't you want new rugs, Carlisle Presbyterial Mission- to give him a dinner Saturday night, ary Society, which supports a teacher letting the townsmen buy tickets?' The in this school, undertook to supply them. suggestion was adopted; the dining-room of the largest hotel was engaged and At the fall meeting each of the aux- newspaper men, laymen and preachers iliaries was asked to sew carpet rags all cooperated to make the occasion a for Scotia and pay for the weaving of success. It was the largest and most one or more rugs, three pounds of rags representative banquet Schenectady had and 70 cents in money being needed for ever seen, and the press men were proud each rug. The response was so gener- of themselves. ous that not only were the seventy rugs needed for Scotia provided but thirty- "The traveler-scribe was announced to three additional ones were sent to speak on 'America and thc Orient.' He Haines, another boarding-school for col- told stories, talked practically about ored girls in the South. It proved a pop- American trade in the Far East and ular form of work, and in many societies some of the mistakes American exportthe sewing was done at social meetings ers make. Naturally, he proceeded t:l which proved very enjoyable. the changing needs of the people, their social condition and-since there were no "You haven't an idea how interesting ladies present-their moral state as well, a carpet rag social is until you hold one," and thence inevitably to the religious said The H orne Mission Monthly in com- situation. The greater part of an hour menting on the work. H One society in and a quarter was devoted to a straight Carlisle Presbytery held one at which missionary talk; and when the speaker thirty-five were present. A collection sat down these business men clamored was taken, lemonade and sandwiches for more! There is scarcely a comwere served, and enough 'carpet rag' munity where such a method could not stories told to fill a book." be employed."

MISSIONS AT A PRESS CLUB The Schenectady pastor was the Rev. BANQUET Thornton A. Mills, D.D., who was at that time pastor of Union Presbyterian In his widely used book,. "Men and Church, but is now pastor of the Pres- Missions," William T. Ellis advocates byterian Church at Lake George, N. Y. reaching the uninterested men of a com- Believing that other pastors would be munity by means of dinners given by glad to know how such a miracle as non-missionary organizations (the university club, the commercial club or

5] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

inducing a Press' Club to give a mis- ebrities as William J. Bryan, who had sionary dinner was worked, we have ask- recently been their guest. In the course ed Doctor Mills to tell how he did it. of the conversation, however, he inci- "At the Men's Missionary Convention dentally remarked that if such members at Philadelphia, in 1908," he says, "I as Senator W– and Superintendent heard five great speakers and felt 'that P– had desired it, he thought the Club Schenectady must hear them too. One might have assented. I took the hint and of them was William T. Ellis and after consulted these men with the result that his speech I. spoke to him about coming. the Press Club invited Ellis to a din- But he laughed at the idea, and said he ner!

had neither time nor strength for it. "It was given at the Edison Hotel on I said we had a multitude of bright men a Saturday night in March, 1908.

in Schenectady who knew little and cared Tickets were sold at $1.25 or $I.50 a less about missions and that he could plate, I am not sure which. I was asked reach them. But he gave me no hope. by the Club to act on the committee of Nevertheless, after writing him repeat- arrangements. The Club had all the edly, he finally said that if we would pay tickets their members would buy for him $50 and expenses he would cut out themselves or guests and then the rest some of his other work and come and were turned over to me.

speak on a Saturday night and once on "I wrote the various pastors that the Sabbath. ,great Ellis who had been sent to the Next I arranged with Doctor Steven- Orient by orte of the Philadelphia dailies son, pastor of the First Presbyterian to make a firsthand study of conditions Church, for a union meeting at his there, was to spend a ~abbath with me, church on a Sabbath evening, the col- and that the Press Club was to give lection at which should be us'ed to defray him a dinner at which he would 'take off expenses. It was agreed that if there the lid' and tell us the naked truth as was a deficit Doctor Stevenson and I to what he had found; that because he should be responsible for it. was my guest I had the privilege of dis- -"Then I called on Mr. H–, presi- posing of a few tickets; that I was dent of the Press Club and an editorial anxious for each pastor to have the writer on the Schenectady Gazette. I told chance to hear him and bring a few of him I had a remarkable newspaper man his most intelligent and enterprising men coming to spend a Sabbath with me, and who were not in sympathy with missions, if the Press Club cared to take advantage as I knew Ellis would have something to of the occasion and give him a dinner, say that might awaken interest in any I would get him to speak for them; but wide-awake mind; that I could put so that I should wish the privilege of in- many (the number varying in accord- viting some outsiders also. But he was ance with the size of the church) in the indifferent; said he had never heard of pastor's hands for disposal; would he Ellis. I laughed at him; told him that please let me know by a certain date if Ellis was probably the most widely read he could use part or all of them at the newspaper man then in the country; price named? Would he also inform me that even his own Gazette printed syndi- if he could use one or two more?

cated letters from him once or twice a "We had arranged with the hotel for week and it was a big chance the Club ISO guests, but we sold 160 tkkets! The could not afford to miss. He finally papers printed all the information I could agreed to submit it to the Club and did give them, 'playing it for all it was so. But the Club declined, saying they worth.' Toward the last we began to only cared to give dinners to such cel- announce that Ellis also had promised

to. speak at a union service at the First of a medical missionary who had spent Presbyterian Church on Sunday eve- seventeen years in China and was mak- ning j but not so much stress was laid ing a visit in the village. The hours upon that, as I relied on the Saturday were from two to five in the afternoon, night speech to fill the church on ·Sun- and women of all denominations were day. included. The invitation was given from "The affair was a great success. Mem- the pulpit of Mrs. Hitchcock's own bers of the club and others thanked me church (the Methodist Episcopal), and over and over again for giving them the was sent to the local paper, but through chance to hear Ellis, and caUed his an unfortunate error did not reach th.ere speech one of the greatest addresses they in time. Use was, therefore, ma"de of had ever heard. The club invited me to the telephone in inviting the women of join it (I was unable to do so at the other churches.

time), and Ellis himself was tremendous- About seventy-five women came, ly pleased at the idea of making 160 among them many of the social leaders hard-headed business men, many of them of the village, and it proved a most'de- godless men, but aU of them bright and lightful occasion. The missionary gave aggressive, pay for hearing a missionary an hour's talk, illustrated by maps and address! Of course, we did not call it a charts, after which ice cream and cake missionary address, and missions domi- was served, and a social hour spent to- nated only because Ellis so admirably gether. It was the first missionary re- showed the missionary enterprise to be ception held in a home in Bennington the biggest and best and most dominating (there had been several in churches), thing the Occident is doing for the and the uniting of so many women of Orient. different interests in one common work "Sabbath evening the auditorium of was a matter for congratulation.

the First Presbyterian Church, large as , The results of the gathering, from a it is, was crowded to the doors. Even missionary standpoint, were very grati- the gaUeries were filled, and the collec- fying. After the missionary had made tion paid the bills! The dinner tickets her address, an offering was taken, had only paid for the dinner and such which amounted to $17. But better than incidentals as' printing." this was the interest awakened in the hearts of some who had hitherto cared RECEPTIONS TO RETURNED little or nothing about missions. Two MISSIONARIES ladies confest that they had never before One of the best and most beautiful been interested in foreign missions, but ways in which a Christian home can be that they now saw the matter from a used to further the cause of missions is different viewpoint. Another said she to open it for a reception to returned had always thought that the women of missionaries. This not only honors the China had a religion sufficient for them, missionaries and gives them pleasure, but that now she knew better and felt but brings into contact with them many 'that she must help send Christ to them. persons who have little or no interest in Besides this, several societies, in different missions. churches testified that the reception was a help in getting the women out to their At Silver Bay last summer, through a delegate who had been one of the guests, regular meetings. the Best Methods editor heard of a very. This plan might be successfully carsuccessful reception of this' kind given last May by Mrs. Ida M. Hitchcock at her ried out by any woman who has a home of her own, even tho it be an unpreten- home in Bennington, Vermont, in honor tious one.

OF BEST METHODS

SOCIAL METHODS IN ORGANIZING signed by the presidents, treasurers, and NEW SOCIETIES young people's secretaries of the Home Social methods have proved of great and Foreign Presbyterial Societies of value in forming missionary organiza- Philadelphia North, had been sent to the tions-not only new societies, but feder- presidents or superintendents of every ations of those already in existence. young woman's society in the presbytery, Two instances where social affairs and 45, representing 14 societies, re- given by older people have resulted in sponded.

the formation of Young Women's Mis- The affair was very informal. Intro- sionary Societies were recently printed ductions were general, and the secretaries in The Woman's Missionary Magazine. had the pleasure of meeting face to face In the first case it was a pastor and his many who had been merely names be- wife who, by means of personal calls', in- fore. After special music, the reason vited all the young women in the con- for the tea was announced as "the new gregation to spend an evening with them Presbyterian cure-all, the get-together at the parsonage. The Presbyterial Sec- cure !" There were two addresses on retary of Young Woman's Work was the pleasure and profit resulting from present, and gave an address. At the united work, followed by a free ex- close those present were given an op- change of opinion. All present exprest portunity to form a society of their own. themselves in favor of some form of Over thirty (nearly half of those pres- union, and the young people's secretaries ent) signed their flames and became were authorized to take steps toward charter members of the new organiza- organization. A social hour with re- tion. A social hour followed, with dainty freshments followed.

refreshments.

In the other case, the Woman's Mis- A PROGRESSIVE PAGEANT sionary Society of the First United Pres- In December, 1903, the Young byterian Church, Spokane, Washington, Woman's Missionary Society of the invited all the young women over sixteen Presbyterian Church of Richfield to a banquet in the church-parlors. W rit- Springs, New York, conducted a trip ten invitations, to the number of 56, around the world with many social fea- were sent out, and between thirty and tures. The program was printed in the forty responded. The parlors were trans- form of an excursion ticket, with stop- formed into Japanese tea-rooms, and the over privileges at seven different homes tables were laid in the prettiest possible in the congregation, each of which rep- manner. The banquet was served in five resented a different nation. Those who courses, and at the close addresses were .took the trip went from house to house delivered by Mrs. G. G. Wilson, Pres- in the order named, the tickets being byterial !:iecretary of Young Women's punched at each station. Weare in- Vfork, and Mrs. H. F. Given, president debted to Mrs. T. B. Roberts for the fol- of the Woman's Society, putting the mat- lowing details: ter of organization definitely before the A special committee was appointed for girls. As a result, 18 signed the con- each home which took entire charge of stitution before leaving the church, and the arrangements, borrowing curios, se- others joined soon after. curing costumes, and planning special Not long ago, Woman's Work gave an attractions. Each committee kept its account of an afternoon tea given at the plans a secret, so that the members of College Club in Philadelphia, which re- the various committees took the trip as sulted in the formation of a federation of well as the outsiders.

Young Women's Societies. Invitations The home at which the start was made

was cleverly arranged to represent onstrations of the life of the people and a railway station. There was a ticket mission work among them. Rooms office, a ticket agent, a train-despatcher, could be fitted up to represent schools, an apple-woman, various signs and ad- with teachers and pupils; temples and vertisements, and a restaurant where a shrines, with priests and people; hoscommittee of ladies served an appetizing pitals and dispensaries, with doctors, lunch. At each of the six homes, repre- nurses', and patients. Very brief talks senting different countries, there were might be given; native airs be sung or elaborate decorations, fine exhibits of played; and simple refreshments typical curios, and committees of ladies and of the country be served. There might gentlemen, appropriately costumed, who be, too, in each home, a literature table received the tourists and served as with books for sale and leaflets fQr free guides. Tea was served in Yokohama, distribution. It might be called a "Proand cocoa in Vollendam; and at several gressive Pageant," and is a plan well of the homes small souvenirs of the worth considering. country were distributed. The Blue Presbyterian Line The affair was a great success. "The Young Ladies' Society of the Presby- GRAND CENTRAL STATION terian Church of this village has received the hearty congratulations of all (Mr. Melvin D. Drake) who took the journey," said the local Richfield Springs, New York paper. "It seems beyond comprehension that such a novel and interesting EXCURSION TICKET entertainment could be given in a place of this size. Where the articles came Thursday and Friday from, representative of the different December 3 and 4, 1903 nationalities, seems hard to comprehend. A large amount of work was expended Good for One Trip Only to carry out the affair in such detail, but the young ladies were well repaid in the Sixth Station many commendations received and the KILLARNEY, IRELAND large patronage given. Over 500 persons made the trip, and the gross re- Mrs. L. S. Blue ceipts were over $300. The net proceeds reached the handsome sum of $270." Fifth Station VOLLENDAM, HOLLAND This entertainment, as given in Richfield Springs, was largely for the purpose The Manse of raising money, but there are infinite possibilities in it for societies that are …………………….j ••••••••••••••••.••.••.•…•.••.•••••.•…•.•.•.••.•…•.•••. willing to work hard for the purpose of educating and interesting people in mis- Fourth Station sions. Many who could not be per- NAPLES, ITALY suade'd to attend a missionary meeting or listen to a missionary address would Mr. John D. Cary enjoy such a trip with its many novelties and pleasant social features. 'l'hird Station CAIRO, EGYPT For educational purposes the countries represented should be those in Mr. Lowell S. Henry which the denomination conducts mis- Second Station sions. There should be scenes and dem- YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Mr. George D. Caney Firat Station COLONIAL PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A.

Mr. ]. D. Ibbotson MISSIONS AND NEUTRALITY But there are other lessons that have not yet been learned-that the' Sword I T was inevitable that in the conflict of the Spirit is more powerful than the that has convulsed Europe, and has sword of steel; that prayer is a greater spread into Asia, Africa, and the force than powder; that love is more islands of the sea, many mIssIOnaries overcoming than hate; that the Kingshould suffer and their work should be dom of God is the only kingdom that hindered. Military standards are not can endure, and the laws of that Kingthose of Christ, and the rights and dom are practical laws for the governstandards acknowledged in peace are ment of earthly nations. disregarded in war. As a matter of fact, "military necessity," coupled with Many letters have come to the office of military power, displace the laws of the REVIEW questioning our neutrality, humanity and the Gospel of God's or asking that statements be printed conlove. There may be some lessons that cerning the guilt of one of the connations will only learn by the experi- tending parties. Complaints are made ence of war, but the cost is tremendous. of the treatment of British missionaries in German East Africa, and of German Letters from the countries of Europe missionaries in British West Africa. It and from mission fields reveal the is difficult, if not impossible,· to know spiritual havoc wrought by war, and at all the facts or to be free from prejuthe same time give cause for thank- dice; but when facts are known that refulness that suffering is sobering men late to the progress of Christian misand is turning their hearts to God and sions we plan to make them known imto spiritual realities. partially through the REVIEW.

In Russia, the blessing of prohibition In this connection, and in vie», of of vodka is already evident; in Ger- many letters received from British and many there are spiritual awakenings; in Canadian subscribers, it is only right to Great Britain strong drink is recog- say that the article by Herr Schlunk nized as a worse enemy than guns and on "The War and German Missions," torpedoes; in France the prohibition of that appeared in the February REVIEW, absinthe is f.ollowed by exclusion of in- did not pretend to express the views of toxicants from the war zone. Some the editors in regard to the responsilessons are being learned. bility for or cause of the war. It was published, in spite of the controversial Christian work is being carried on and debateable character of some of its with great success among soldiers and statements, in order that our readers prisoners, and hundreds of thousands might know the feeling of Christians in of gospels are being distributed and Germany as they know that of Christians read more eagerly than ever before. in Great Britain. The REVIEW has been Many hearts are being touched by suf- accused both of being pro-British and of – fering. and the destitute are fed and being pro-German. It is neither-but clothed. Many new opportunities for pro-Christian. Any principle, or act, or Christlike service are being accepted spirit that is un-Christlike, by whomwith spiritual results. soever committed, we discredit and con- seem a fitting sign of the breadth of in- demn, not as judges but as voicing the judgment of Go<,l. formation and interest if the electors A MISSIONARY HALL OF FAME should select some from those who have T HE servants of God seek not their served others by forgetting themselves, reward from human hands nor their fame from the passing favor of men. and have lifted men spiritually for all Theirs is a glory that fades not away, and the praise they covet is' the Mas- eternity as well as by material and temter's "Well done." And yet it is fitting that we should recognize the service poral benefits. rendered by men and women who have not counted their lives dear unto them- In suggesting the names of men and selves, but have left home and friends, and have given up comforts and earthly women who might be considered there ambitions that they might serve Christ and their fellow men. Many of these is . an embarrassment, not of poverty, have gone out from America and have become benefactors in uplifting human- but of riches. Certain names at once ity by their unselfish service in many directions. There are honored names come to mind so as to compel recoglike that of Guido F. Verbeck, who was not only a pioneer missionary in Japan nition-beside those already mentioned. but an educator and a wise political adviser; Eli Smith and C. V. A. Van John Scudder, the great medical mis- Dyck, 'the Bible-translators of Syria; Cyrus Hamlin, the founder of Robert sionary to India. . College; Adoniram Judson, the great apostle to Burma; Peter Parker, who Titus Coap., the redeemer of Hawaii. "opened China at the point of the lancet," and William Butler, the foun- Fidelia Fiske, the educator of women der of Methodist missions in India and Mexico. in Persia.

A Hal! of Fame was founded fifteen William Goodell, the pioneer of Chrisyears ago in New York University by the gift of $250,000, and 100 electors tian missions in Turkey. have been appointed to nominate those eligible to recognition. The names are Marcus Whitman, the man who saved to be chosen of IS0 Americans who have been dead ten years or more and who Oregon. are considered famous as authors, educators, missionaries, philanthropists, in- It would be easy to name one hunventors, clergymen, and other public services. After the first fifty, five names dred more. Their name is legion. Every are added each five years. Thus far, no missionaries have been nominated, and land into which the Church has sent only three clergymen. Another vote is to be taken in October, and it would forth her missionary heralds presents a roll of illustrious names which it would be a delight to honor. The missionary firmament is one blaze of luster, studded not with scattered stars .only, but crowded with constellations. In some lands, like India, China, Africa, there are such hosts of saintly men and wo- men who have there found their sphere of holy shining' for God, that we are reminded of those nebulous clusters in which individual stars are lost sight of in the blaze of collected glory, or of the milky way, whose white banner streal,11S across the whole face of the firmament.

The only difficulty that might stand in the way of their nomination is the fact that their service has been rendered in other lands so that they are not famous in the eyes of the American public. If real service to humanity is reckoned rather than human acclamation there could not fall to be a large vote in favor of the missionaries of Christ.

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MISSI DY NEWS THE WAR AND MISSIONS some are mlssmg, and others are pris- oners of war. What will be left of the The War and Mora~ian Missions effective workers of the Church if the war continues much longer? T HE Moravian Church is the only Protestant church which is an or- In 1913, of the entire annual budget ganic unity throughout the world. There of about $500,000 for Moravian missions, are 40,000 members in the home church 17 per cent. came from Great Britain and 96,459 in the mission fields. It car- and 12 per cent. from the Continent of ries on all its missionary work through Europe, while 47 per cent. came from an International Executive Board com- the field itself. This does not mean posed of one American, one English- that 47 per cent. came from the native man, one German, and two chosen from Christians, for it includes government the Church at large, with the central of- grants in aid, returns from indus~rial fices in Herrnhut" Saxony, Germany. and commercial missionary enterpnses, For every two members connected with school-fees, etc. But it is clear that 76 the church in the home provinces it has per cent. of the annual income of the five members in the foreign field. Moravian Mission Board is 'jeopardized, tho to what extent can not yet be It does not require a vivid imagina- told. In Great Britain the falling off tion to see how critically the present of income in 1914 as compared with 1913 war must affect the entire missionary was 27 per cent., and from the Continent work of the Moravian Church. The of Europe a "large falling off" is re- Executive Board is cut off from direct ported. There has been no material decommunication with most of the fields. crease in the contributions from the All nationalities are represented in the American provinces of the Moravian personnel of the missionaries, ~nd. in Church, but neither has there been any British colonies the German mlSSlOn- increase to make good the loss from aries have been interned in detention- the other parts of the unity. The Miscamps, tho, according to reports, they sion Board faces an appalling deficit. have been treated with kindness', and some have been allowed to ret~rn to Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, secretary of their missions. missions in America, concludes by say- ing: "But if the Great Head of, the The effect upon those provinces of the Church still wants to use the Brethren's Moravian Church situated in the coun- Church in the upbuilding of His Kingtries at war is most startling. In Ger- dom throughout the world, He will not many every fourth male communicant allow it to suffer disaster, and will raise over 17 years of age is now in the army. up the needed friends to preserve it." If we eliminate the aged and the physically unfit, it is probably safe to assert British Missionary Prisoners. of War that every third "fit" male communicant member of the Moravian Church in Ger- TWENTY-FIVE of the London Mismany (there called the Brethren's Church) is in the army. Many of these , sionary Society's missionaries are have fallen, many have been wounded, pris~ners of war. Fourteen in German East Africa have been completely cut

off from all communication with their can Board Mission, obtained permiSSIOn friends for many months. In Palestine from the English colonel in charge of six Church Missionary Society mission- the camp to visit the German missionaries have been untler restraint, Dr. aries and offer any help which they Sterling of Gaza being kept in prison might need. He found that they have for several days. In Turkish Arabia government rations, and are allowed to five men and women workers have been club together to hire servants, if they detained by the Turks. Five of the wish. Religious services are held, and Palestine missionaries were p~r~itted tennis and other sports are encouraged. to leave for Egypt. Miss E. A. Law- There is a library, with a German ford is still at the Church Missionary librarian. Two daily newspapers in Orphanage at Nazareth, where about English are allowed them. three hundred Turkish soldiers are quartered, for whom her' services as a nurse The chief grievance of the interned are requisitioned. The isolation of these missionaries seemed to be the separation and other workers is a trial, but no from their families. doubt their testimony is being maintained, so 4hat the things which are hap- Germans Suffer in West Africa pening to them will faU out rather to the furtherance of the Gospel. THE Kamerun Baptist Mission (Ger- man) before the war comprized six German Missionaries in British Territory chief stations and 49 branch stations in T HE German missionary work in charge of 23 missionaries, who minis- British territory has naturally been tered to the spiritual and educational greatly hindered by the war between needs of 3,124 black Christians and these two countries. Not only have the 3,623 mission pupils. One sad result of Germans been unable to obtain funds the conflict between German and British from home, but many of them were ar- forces has been to destroy this flourishrested and interned as prisoners of war. ing work. The British of the Kamerun So far as we have been able to learn, border have defeated the German they have been fairly treated, and in troops. The Allegemeine Evangelische many places have been permitted to re- Lutherische Kirchenzeitung (of Leipsic, turn to their stations or to engage in for February I2, 19I5) reports that at missionary work elsewhere. The Mora- Duala, houses, chapels, and schools were vian mission in the Western Himalayas destroyed, and cattle were appropriated. has been left without any missionaries Some of the white residents were perby the arrest of the German workers, mitted to return to their' homes after who have not yet been allowed to re- their names were taken down. Mr. Lutz, turn. the head of the Basel Mission, definitely protested against the missionaries being In India, many Germans, including 70 made prisoners, but his protests were missionaries representing various so- not heeded. Mr. Bender, an Americieties at work in India, have been in- can citizen, and hig, wife were terned at Ahmednagar. These mission- taken to England with other prisoners aries evidently had conscient~ous scru- of war, and all suffered much on the ples about accepting parole (promising, way, and Mrs.· Martens, the wife of one on oath, not to take arms against Great of the missionaries, was taken ill and Britain or her allies), for they are de- died on December 4th. The missiontained in the camp of non-paroled pris- aries were sent to England, and from oners. there were trans-shipped to Germany. Much ill-treatment is reported by the Dr. Robert A. Hume, of the Ameri- German paper.

WORLD-WIDE. MISSIONARY

West African Miaaionariea in Exile outfits of even the Sy-rian Protestant College, and the action against belliger- AMERICAN Presbyterian mission- ents would a1low them to take away the aries at Batanga, West Africa, have British members of the faculty, unless passed through very trying experiences, the Government at Washington is able and it became necessary for them to to prevent it. leave their station, owing to hostilities that were taking place. Mr. Loewe re- The people of the Lebanon are in turned to this country, and the others great distress over the uncertainty as to were taken by an English naval tug to the continuation of their privileges, Benito, Spanish Guinea, from whence which have been guaran.teed and enjoyed Dr. W. S. Lehman writes: "I can not since 1860, by the Powers. Turkish but feel that these last months in Ba- troops are moved into the Lebanon, which tanga will mean a good deal in the fact in the minds of the people threatens future of the work at that place. Caring the continuance of their immunities and for the refugees did much to make the foreshadows possible bloodshed in case people' feel that the missionaries were the suspicions of the military governtheir friends. They had been indifferent ment should lead them to attempt the before that, but they were friendly and disarming of the Christians dwelling in felt deeply their need. The night of the the Lebanon. 26th of December was the most terrible I have ever been through, not in danger Regular mission work is proceeding to ourselves, but in seeing what inno- as well as could be expected under these cent people, men, women, and children circumstances. The minds of the people suffer. I have seen the same thing in are more than usually open to spiritual the interior on a smaller scale, but this matters, and the attendance upon all rewas on the mission premises and to a ligious services is greater than usual, people who had done no wrong except especially when one takes into considera-' to try and get away from trouble. After tion the large numbers of all classes who the trouble the people scattered for Kri- have fled to Cyprus, Egypt, and counbi. Families were all parted, mothers tries further away. did not know where .their children were, nor men their families. Since that time T Diatreat Christians in Persia there have only been a few natives at HE war has brought suffering and Batanga." exile to more than 50,000 peaceable Christian people in Northwestern Persia. A The Situation in Syria The capture by Turks and Kurds of the MISSIONARY stationed at Beirut, cities of Urumia and Tabriz, which had Syria, writes that the Pope and been held by Russian troops, drove the other powers succeeded in obtaining Nestorian and Armenian people, in fear permjssion for the departure of all of massacre, either out of the country French missionaries and religious work- into Russia or into the American misers, and that the government proceeded sionary compounds in Urumia and Tato empty the French schools and uni- briz. The flight from Urumia began at I versity of all their valuable books, fur- midnight on January 2, the people havniture, and all scientific apparatus. The ing only a few moments' notice of the local government has invited the Otto- approach of the Kurds. The long jourman schools and hospitals to occupy the ney to Tabriz and Russia was made in vacated premises of the French. the depth of winter, with no provision for the journey, and men, women, and The stern necessities of p1artial law children fled afoot through snow and allow the Turco-German authorities to rain and cold. commandeer the medical and surgical

The American Consul at TifUs cabled: in this terrible conflict. But the suffer- "Fifteen thousand Persian Christian ings of the Jews on account of the war . refugees in Caucasus. Local authorities are much greater than their sufferings doing best, but funds needed return in the war, because in the former the them home. Fourteen thousand refugees great bulk of the Jewish people are in- miSSIOn premises. U rumia destitute. volved. Fifty thousand dollars urgently needed. Telegraph funds Tabriz." It is chiefly the Jewish "Pale," not only of Russia but also of Austria and For more than 75 years American Germany, which is being utterly. Christians have carried on missionary devastated by the swaying to and fro of work among these people in Northwest- the immense Russian, German and Ausern Persia, and for the last generation trian armies. Anglican missionaries from England and Roman Catholic mlsslOnaries from Very few have any conception of the France have worked among them. The depth of the misery and the greatness disaster which has fallen upon the of the suffering through which these people comes upon them all indiscrimin- millions of Jews are passing in the ately, and includes many Moslems who eastern area of the war. have been subjected to the same hardships and loss as their Christian neigh- A writer in the Scattered Nalion bors. Relief funds will be distributed says: "One certain outcome of this wherever there is need, without regard frightful war will be that the Jewish to sect or nationality. question will press itself more than ever on the attention of the nations j and it The American Presbyterian mission- is now, even from a political point of aries in Urumia include Rev. and Mrs. view, quite within the bounds of prob- F. G. Coan, Dr. and Mrs. Wm. A. Shedd ability that they will be brought to see and family, Rev. and Mrs. Sterrett, Dr. that the best way of solving this eternal and Mrs. Packard, Rev. and Mrs. F. T. 'question' is to recognize the right of Allen, Rev. and Mrs. Muller, Miss Mary this people-which has been so marvel- Lewis, Mrs. J. P. Cochran, Miss Schoe- ously preserved through all these many bel, and Dr. and Mrs. McDowell. Rev. centuries, and which, as experience has Robert M. Labaree and family are in shown, can neither be assimilated nor Tabriz with Dr. and Mrs. Vanneman destroyed-to a separate national existand Rev. F. N. Jessup. Relief commit- ence in the land which the God of tees have been formed of Americans in Abraham has promised them by oath and Persia, and some $II,OOO have already covenant for an everlasting possession." been cabled to them from America. More is urgently needed. NORTH AMERICA Contributions should be sent, marked The Los Angeles Bible Institute "Persian Relief Fund," to Spencer Trask & Company, 43 Exchange Place, New ON Easter Sunday the new auditor- York City. ium of the magnificent Los Angeles Jews and the Great War Bible Institute was formally opened. The Bible-school classes have been meet- I T is part of the tragedy of Israel's ing for some months in the new build- dispersed condition among the nations ing. The Los Angeles buildings are the that over half a million Jews should be latest word in completeness, costing found fighting in the opposing ranks about $1,500,000. The intention is to against one another. Very many of make the Ipstitute premises a center for them have already laid down their lives Christian work in the city. The Gen- eral Convention of the Disciples of

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Christ will make this new building their the work on the foreign fields by an 18 headquarters July 18 to 25. per cent. cut. When the gravity of the situation became clear, General Secre- The building comprises two I3-story tary Emory W. Hunt and Foreign Secredormitories, with 650 rooms, and the tary Arthur Co Baldwin, as the latest auditorium will seat 4,200 persons. The additions to the secretarial staff, offered Institute was founded by Mr. Lyman in a spirit of generous self-effacement Steward, and is based upon a whole and loyalty to the work of the denomi- Bible, and with the Lord Jesus Christ nation to resign. as its chief corner-stone. Dr. R. A. Torrey, the evangelist, is the Dean of At the quarterly meeting of the Board the Institute, and his chief co-worers of Managers, March 10th and IIth, after will be Rev. T. C. Horton (superinten- prolonged consideration of the matter in all its phases, the Board, with great dent), Rev. 1. H. Hunter, and Rev. J. .reluctance, voted that it was best to avail themselves of the generous offer of Dr. H. Sammis. Hunt and Mr. Baldwin. The school attracts students from Mr. Mornay Williams, one of the every part of the United States and Board, has protested strongly on the many foreign lands, and they are trained ground that "such a policy is blind to in personal work, and for service in the its own results. It substitutes terror as mission fields of the world, for which a motive force for faith; it magnifies education and training the student pays system into a virtue, while it reduces no fees whatever. The school, now in prayer and trust to the level of fanatical its seventh year, is represented by sentiment. For the practical outcome graduates, in many home and foreign to-day look at its issue. At the very fields. moment when we need al! our forces at home for inspiration and abroad for The activities' of the Institute are divi- realization, we cut off two of the chief of ded as follows: Classes, which are held our secretarial force at home, and indaily except Saturday and Sunday; ex- hibit the sailing not only of new retension-work conferences in neighboring cruits, but of old veterans for our farcities and communities; evangelistic flung battle line abroad." meetings by Institute evangelists; Spanish Mission with nightly meetings; regu- One Day'. Income for Missions lar services at shops and factories; personal work among the Hebrews; house- THE General Board of Missions of to-house visitation and neighborhood the Protestant ;Episcopal Church is classeS by Bible women; work in the oilfields; sale and distribution of selected facing the necessity of raising an emerbooks and tracts; mission for seamen gency fund of $400,000, to cover an acat Los Angeles Harbor; Yokefellows cumulated deficit, and to make the ~is­ Hall mission for men, and class'es for sionary work of the church secure. In bootblacks and newsboys. order to meet this, an appeal has been made to every churchman to contribute Baptist Retrenchment one day's income, over and above his regular gifts to missions. The proposal THE American Baptist Foreign Mis- is one that commends itself as direct, ~ion Society is facing a serious reasonable, personal, and self-adjusting, and is meeting with a wide response. financial situation, and, as a result, the Board of Management has voted not to The members and officers of the Board send out any new missionaries the com- are taking the lead in contributing, and ing year, and to retain :rl home most of have already given over $10,000. those now on furlough, and to reduce appropriations for the maintenance of

The employees at the Church Missions time eagerly planning to utilize the House have pledged one day's income. Panama-Pacific Exposition as an op- portunity for an adequate presentation The missionaries on furlough are plan- of woman's work in missions to the ning to do the same. many strangers who will be gathered there. The plans of the committee in- The Spirit of Mission's comments as clude a program covering the whole follows on the significance of the plan: period of the Exposition, giving meth- "How wonderful it would be if the ods, mission study, missionary literwhole church were to unite in this act ature, pageants, plays, etc., as well as of consecration! How much greater a talks on the various fields by those who thing would be accomplished than th~ have served in them. Gathering places mere raising of a sum of money for a and rest rooms for visitors will assure good cause. The spectacle of every to every missionary women who goes communicant laying a day of his life at to San Francisco an opportunity to his Master's feet and asking Him to use meet other women with interests simit to strengthen and extend His King- ilar to her own. dom in the world would be a mighty inspiration !" The missionary exhibit at the Expo- sition will be under the care of the Union Conferences on Immigranb Missionary Education Movement.

HE Immigrant Work Committee of The Woman's Congress of Missions T the Home Missions Council recently arranged a series of local conferences THE Woman's Congress of Missions' concerning conditions and work among is to be held June 6-13, 1915, in the immigrantS' on the Pacific Coast, beginning February 15th, at Los Angeles, fol- Exposition Auditorium at the Civic Cenlowed by San Diego, Fresno, San Fran- ter, Larkin and Hayes Streets, San cisco, Sacramento, Portland, Seattle, Francisco, California. This congress is and Spokane. to present missions iii all its aspects, being held under the joint auspices of These conferences are to bring to- the Council of Women for Home Misgether those who are actively interested sions and the Federation of Woman's or engaged in work among the immi- Foreign Missionary Boards in the Unigrant popUlations, to bring the national ted States. Home Mission Boards and societies into more intimate touch with the situation A large committee of Californian woon the Pacific Coast, and to foster a men are working enthusiastically on all spirit of cooperation in this field of so- local arrangements, and they will present cial, educational, and evangelistic work. the two missionary pageants. There is to be an exhibit of literature, a series of The program includes a study of the study classes and conferences, large infacts as to immigrant peoples, the work spirational gatherings and addresses by being done, the forms of service, ques- experts in the field of women's missiontions of policy, and plans for cObpera- ary enterprise. For further information, tion. A traveling exhibit also illustrates address Room 606, 600 Lexington Aveconditions and work in other parts of nue, New York. the country, and includes books on immigration, literature in foreign lan- The Flying Squadron for Temperance guages, and other helpful material.

Missions at the Panama.Pacific: A NEW agency in the cause of tem- perance reform is the Flying A Exposition Squadron, which has its headquarters in LOCAL committee of the mission- Indianapolis, but has taken the whole ary women of San Francisco and United States for its field. Three the nearby towns has been for some

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groups of speakers and singers, under inefficiency of its internal administration the leadership of ex-Governor Hanly o)f of the northern possessions. Laws regu- " Indiana, have gone up and down the lating the sale of liquor are violated with country, stirring large audiences on the flagrant persistency, evidently with the liquor question. The campaign of two connivance of the officials, and little hundred and fifty days of service is to respect is shown toward laws regarding conclude in Atlantic City in June. The the protection of fish and fur-bear.ing members of the Flying Squadron par- animals in Alaska and in the Pribilof ticipated in all of the four state-wide and Aleutian islands. His report defights il). the Coast country, speaking nounces the conduct of white men, of nearly 600 times in Arizona, California, those regions toward natives. "The Oregon and Washington, and only one white man's lack of care and regard for of these states voted to retain the saloon. the sanctity of the native's home is the crime of Alaska," reads the report. "In Many testimonies have come from the many sections the wife and daughter are people of these states as to the valuable dishonored, and any r~sistance from the help 'given by these speakers in bringing husband, father or brother is overcome about this result. But the Flying by threats and bribes and liquor, until Squadron is proving more than a even the men have all their best imstriking company of prohibition propa- pulses and senses deadened, and seem gandists. It has helped to strengthen to be unmanned. Wherever the white the churches wherever it has gone, has man has settled the saloon prevails, and put iron into the blood of the good that has had more to do with the ruincitizen, has elevated the moral ideals uf ation of the Indian and the Aleut than all the people. all other causes. In sections where the saloon is not found liquor reaches the Quarter-Centennial of Chicago Tract natives in the form of pay and bribes."

Soc~ety LATIN AMERICA T HE Chicago Tract Society celebrated Suffering Mexico its Twenty-fifth Anniversary on Sunday, February 14th. The Polyglot pLANS have been set on foot for misservice in the Grace English Lutheran sionary cooperation with the Ameri- Church was addrest by Constantine Antoszewski, Senior Polish Missionary; can Red Cross in giving relief to war- Andrew Todoroff, Bulgarian missionary; scourged Mexico. Reports from the V. H. Yessayan, Armenian, and Rev. C. mission stations show that the people T. Papadopoulos, head of the Greek are more and mOTe drawn to Christ by work. Mr. Ernest C. Brooks, the Sec- their afflictions, but they are in the retary, reported that 25 missionaries are throes of famine throughout a large part empioyed" and devote an aggregate of of the land. 2r8 months during the year to the work, conducting r,070 public meetings, visit- Consul-General Hanna of Monterey, ing more than 56,000 homes, and dis- in a recent telegram to the State Detributing over 12 million pages of tracts partment, said in part: "The Mexican in 38 languages. authorities are doing what they can, but after four years of war, (luring which Liquor Menace to Alaska the fields have been neglected or have gone untilled, the crops are very short, DR. E. LESTER JONES, public com- and the local supply almost exhausted. missioner of fisheries, has com- We wish every town in the cotton pleted a six months' survey of conditions States would buy a bale of cotton blanthroughout Alaska. His report is a kets and send them to Mexico, for these stern rebuke to the government for the

people have very little clothing, and the school population is in school. A lack weather is cold." of properly trained teachers hinders plans for improvement, which the Gov- Consul Johnson, of Matamoros, make, ernment has formulated. Widespread the following appeal in part: "The con- ignorance, immorality, and irreligion ditions in Europe which shock the civi- constitute a call for a healing and lifelized world have existed here against giving Gospel. our borders for four years unconsidered. Mexico is peopled with widows and or- The following Protestant missionary phans, and famine is in the land. One forces are at work: Methodist Episcopal sees it daily in emaciated forms, shrun- (established ISgO) , having important ken cheeks, tightly drawn skin and burn- day and high-school work in and near ing eyes; sees it in the faces of women, Lima, the capital; Evangelical Union of old men, and little children. They have South America, has a printing estabendured much, but now has been reached lishment and a pook depot in the capital the end of their stoicism, and from the and a large farm property in the higheast, the west, and the south comes the lands for industrial training and evancry for bread for the starving." gelization of the Indians; Seventh Day Adventists, and an Independent Holi- Missionaries appeal to friends at home ness mission are also represented. The for flannel, thread, blankets, shoes, total force (including wives and single clothing of all kinds, and money to buy women) is about 35 foreign missionfoodstuffs. Second-hand goods that are aries. The native Protestant pastors worth shipping will be gratefully re- and helpers number 12 or 15, and about ceived.-REv. H. L. Ross, Brownsville, 20 congregations have been, formed, Texas. which meet in private houses, as do the Sunday-schools, Young People's Socie- Conditions in Peru ties and evangelical day-schools. Com- municants number about six or seven T HE Republic of Peru has about 700,- hundred with I,200 young people en- 000 square miles, with a population rolled as scholars in Sunday- and dayof 3,500,000, of whom about one-half schools. Medical and nursing work, esare uneducated, Quechua-speaking In- pecially in the Sierra, has broken down dians. Tho the Spanish-speaking whites the prejudice of. fanatics and paved the form only 15 per cent. of the popula- way for the Gospel message. Appeals tion, they are the professional and gov- are constantly coming for the establisherning clasS', but have little to do with ment of Protestant work in towns and the commercial life of their country. villages yet unreached. Fifteen out of the 22 departments into which the re- Roman Catholicism is still the official public is divided are unoccupied. State religion, and the Constitution prohibits the public exercise of any other EUROPE form of worship. Moral and religious life are at a low ebb, and many public Soldiers Eager for Testaments festivities are a scandal, especially in Indian communities, being accompanied THE Scripture Gift Mission is conby drunkennesS', crimes, and orgies. tinuing its work of distributing the Many educated people are atheists and freethinkers, and abhor the very name Word of God among the soldiers of the of religion. The lottery, bull-fighting, variouS' nationalities engaged in the war, and cock-fighting are among the prin- and is receiving many reports of the cipal diversions (popular), to which eagerness of the men to' have the children become accustomed. Educa- books. Since the war began, over one tion is at a low level, and it is estimated million Gospels and New Testaments that only one-fourth of the total primary

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have been given to British soldiers and sionary Society missionary in South In- sailors, at home and abroad, and hun- dia embraced Islam some time ago; and, dreds of thousands to the troops of the finally, that one of the Church Mission- Allies, and there seems to be no dimi- ary Society's workers at Peshawar had nu;tion in the demand. One British been recalled to England to combat the soldier, who is one of forty in a trench, growth of Islam there. Absurd as these . writes that he has a Gospel, but it is sel- stories 5'eem, there may be some founda- dom in his own possession as' everyone tion for them in the fact that there is wants to borrow it. He wishes that a now published monthly at W oking, near sufficient supply might be sent out so that London, the Islamic Review and Muslim all his comrades might have a Testa- India, which has sections in English, ment or Gospel of their own. Arabic, Persian, and Esperanto. Its editors consider themselves missionaries Some of the men doubtless welcome of Islam to England, and announce in the little books for lack of other reading one issue: "Weare taking this oppor- matter, but, as one French paitor has tunity of informing the English public put it, "who knows if in the camp or that many English ladies and gentlemen trench, perhaps wounded or alone, a man have embraced Islam, and there are in- may be brought to know his Savior numerable people in England who are through the small book found in his Muslims without knowing that they are pocket." such."

Reports come that prayer meetings Basel Mission Centenary and Bible readings are being held in the "dug-outs," sometimes even with shells AT Basel, on the Rhine, one of the flying around, and many a soldier has most active missionary institutions found the Lord, notwithstanding the try- in Europe this year celebrates its cen- ing conditions. One soldier writes: "It tenary. The seminary was established is not the time for men to argue about in 1815 for the education of mission- the existence of God, or the inspiration aries to foreign lands. There were of Scripture. Men do not question this troublous war times then within the can- now in the face of such terrible dangers; ton, one hundred years ago, as now exist their one thought is how they might in 1915 close to its border-line. A Rus- know that their sins are forgiven." sian army, in r8I5, was encamped on one side of Basel, and a Hungarian army Islam in England on the other, and in token of their gratitude for a remarkable deliverance, AT Peshawar, on the northwest fron- the people resolved to establish "a mis- tier of India, Mohammedan! are sion seminary to train up pious teachers . beginning to be alarmed at the progress for the heathen." The Basel Mission- of the Gospel, and in order to check it ary Society has grown and is attached they have spread a number of wild to no one church, but is affiliated with stories. Thus it is said and believed nearly all of the Protestant churches of that Islam is spreading rapidly in En- Central Europe. The students have gland; that several of the nobility have mainly been from Germany and Switz- declared themselves Mohammedans; erland, and the college has been turn- that George Sale, who translated the ing out missionary agriculturists, weav- Koran nearly two centuries-ago, on his ers, shoemakers, bakers, workers in deathbed declared himself a Moham- wood and iron, tailors, printers, and me- medan, asked forgiveness for having chanics, as well as teachers, ministers, put forward such an incorrect transla- and surgeons. The missions have been tion, and desired that all copies should be established on the Gold Coast in Afri- burned; that a prominent Church Mis-

ca, in India and China, and the indus- to see after the wounded, and has taken trial missions are a model for all such 20,000 copies with her. She is doing work. much in this way. Her noble example Heroism of German Deaconesses is, as' you can fancy, influencing many.

I suppose that since the tenth and BISHOP NUELSEN, of the Metho- eleventh centuries there have never been dist Church, has recently visited such opportunities of spreading the Saxony, and the services which he held Scriptures in Russia as there are in the were attended by great crowds of present time. I am glad that I am serious men and women. He writes as living now. I am glad that I am in follows of the Methodist deaconesses, Russia now. I know no place in the many of whom are attending the world where I think it more important wounded in the hospitals, and some to work. How grand if God's Word twenty-five of whom are at the front, does for Russia again what it did for it immediately behind the firing line. in the distant past. Aye, and how good "The few letters that have been re- for the world! Russia is not isolated ceived from them reveal deeds of now as she was then. She will never be heroism and hardships equal to the most so isolated again. She will become one renowned feats o-f warriors. Think of of the greatest powers of the future; those girls on the cold plains of Poland, and we who are living now have, by our sleeping night after night on bare ,prayers and our work and our gifts, !o ground, counting themselves happy when decide to some extent how her power they can procure some straw to sleep will be used.;' upon; being unable to change their' clothes for three weeks; going without MOSLEM LANDS IN ASIA food for a day and night in succession; Demand 'for Bibles in Syria T giving the last morsel of bread to a HE Beirut press has been carrying on its work under great difficulties hungry soldier and not tasting bread for five days. Truly I never realized as during the past few months. The Balmuch what the heroism of women can kan war had so disastrous an effect on endure and perform as I did when I the price of coal and gas that provision read a few of those simple, unassuming for the running expenses became a problem. The directors, accordingly, letters." looked about for a cheaper form of "A The Gospel in Ruaaia power, and finally settled on the instal- MILLION Gospels wanted. Help lation of a suction gas plant, by which and pray." Such is the message the coal bill was cut in half. During received by the Scripture Gift Mission the present war, it has been possible for from its agent in Russia, who adds: the work to be kept up without being "One of the most striking and grand entirely swamped, and the pay-roll was things that I know in this conntry is the maintained long after returns from the way that God has led the people to long publications were cut off by the closing after His own ·Word. Again and again of the schools all over the country. More I am told that the wounded soldiers in than once the force employed at the the hospitals say to those who offer mission press has become panic stricken them papers and tracts, etc.: 'We do not at the presence of soldiers in the town want these; we want God's Word.' An- and fled to the mountains. But each other striking thing is the way He has time the workers have come back.

laid it on the hearts of the highest in the At length, however, it became neces- land to help in spreading His Word. The sary to cut down to half time, for the Empress herself has gone to the front demand for books and pamphlets put

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out by the press had practically ceased. to include one member from each prov- That it has not been compelled to close ince. The Metropolitan Bishop of India entirely is due to the still urgent call is still its President, and Dr. S. K. Datta for Bibles, the printing of which en- Vice-President. The financing of the ables the press to continue its invaluable Council is a difficult matter, and an apwork. peal has been made to the Home Boards to meet the deficiency up to Rs. 7,500. W'lr News in Persia The initial difficulties of organization have been immense, and the war has AN amusing side to the dark war pic- temporarily paralyzed many of the out- ture comes from Rev. R. M. Labaree reaching aims of the National Council, in Tabriz, Persia, in an account of an but there have been many reasons for itinerating trip taken in December last: believing that, as a whole, the movement "All the Persians side intensely with the is of God, and must succeed. Germans, and will believe no stories that do not proclaim them the winners of every Honors to a Missionary battle. Geography, history, political conditions never troubled the newsmonger R c. EV. J. R. EWING, Pres~ent of as he told his tales. In one place I was Forman Christian College, of Laasked from what country I came, and hore, India, and Vice-Chancellor of the when I replied that I was an American, University of the Panjab, has been apmy questioner said: "I am very sorry to pointed by the King of England, a "Cominform you that your country has been panion of the Order of the Indian Emutterly destroyed by the Germans," nor pire." This is a t:are honor, since no other could I persuade him that that was not American has ever received it. Some so. Another told me of the capture of years ago he was given a Kaiser-i-Hind Paris, that it had been decreed that the medal of the first class in recognition city should be given over to eight hour.s of his relief work after the Kangra of indiscriminate slaughter; but that at earthquake. Dr. Ewing is a Presbythe earnest intercession of the Persian 'terian missionary, having served in India Minister, the time of bloodshed was re- for about 35 years. He is a brother of duced to four hours. An intelligent man the late Dr. Arthur Ewing, who, at the (for Persia) insisted that up to the time of his death, was president of Allapresent time not one German had been habad Christian College. killed, owing to their marvelous devices for self-protection." A Brahmin Impostor INDIA I N the monthly news-sheet issued by the Church of Scotland Eastern- Indi'ln N'ltional Council Himalayan Mission, appears an interest- ing story of a Brahmin, who claimed to OWING to the financial stress due to be an incatnation of the supreme deity. the war, the National MissiQnary The government, intending to protect the Council of India did not hold its ex- purses of the peasants, turned him out pected meeting, but the Executive Com- of Nepal after making trial of his mittee met, and the resolutions adopted powers and finding him to be an imposhave been circulated among the repre- tor. sentatives of the Provincial Councils, and passed upon by them. The Council He went into the Temi district of has now been fully constituted by the Sikkim, with an attendant gang numelection of three representatives from bering nearly twenty, and took up his each of the eight Provincial Councils, abode in the forest. The people thronged and 18 coopted members. The Execu- to him from Darjeeling and beyond tive Committee has been enlarged so as Gantok. Certain Limbus on his route

prepared to defend their property, but for study for a number of workers. This there remained plenty of dupes to whom medical work has so imprest the gov- he narrated their past and expounded ernor and officials that they have re- their future. quested the Yale Mission to join with them in conducting a medical school for He has now departed, and it is said the province, and the negotiations are that he received between 300 and 400 still in progress. head of cattle and many thousands of rupees from the poor, ignorant people. A A Chinese Forms Bible Classes YOUNG Chinese engineer named CHINA Mea has taken up in China the or- ganization of Bible-classes as a service Fifty Years in Hangchow incidental to his professional work. It is reported that there are now operating THE jubilee of the establishment of under his oversight 71 such classes, at- Protestant missions in Hangchow tended by 800 men. Mea was converted was celebrated during the Christmas in the Massachusetts Institute of Techholidays. Fifty years ago C. E. Moule, nology, Boston, where a most earnest a young English clergyman, afterward Christian student won his friendship and the Bishop of Mid-China, came up from changed his' religious views. Ningpo, the first treaty port in this province. The American Presbyterians JAPAN-KOREA (North), the China Inland Mission, and the American Presbyterians (South) , Japanese Officials and Korean soon followed, and, later, the American Mi88iotlaries Baptists. The celebration was in the hands of a committee of Chinese and SEVERAL months ago Count Okumissionaries, and was held in the large rna's cabinet recalled to Japan "Peace Hall." On Sunday afternoon, General Akashi, head of the Japanese police service in Korea, who was responwhen Rev. J. c. Garrett, formerly of sible for the arrests of the 120 Korean ChristIans who were charged with plot- Hangchow and now the president of the ting to assassinate Governor-General Nanking School of Theology, delivered Terauchi. This removal showed an enan address~ in which he laid upon the couraging change of attitude on the part present generation the will of God, the of the Japanese. Next, the Japanese responsibility of transmitting to others Emperor granted pardon for Baron Yun what they had received from the early and the five other defendants who were pioneers and all the blessings of this the only ones' sentenced on these charges. first fifty years of the Gospel. Unfortunately, just at this time a local official called before him for reprimand Yale in Cliina Rev. George S. McCune, of Syen Chun, who had been preaching powerfully in SINCE the Yale Mission was opened revival meetings in Pyeng Yang. He was in Changsha, in 1903, between fif- charged with having made an inflamteen and twenty men have gone out there matory anti-Japanese speech, in 'having from Yale. In 1906 the Preparatory referred to a crown placed on the head Department of the College was started, of Jesus, in telling how the blood of and now numbers about 140. This year Jesus had been shed for the Korean the Freshman College Class has been be- people, and in similar statements, which gun. The medical work, under. the able the Japanese official had conceived were supervision of Dr. Edward Hume, re- insults to Japan, Mr. McCune clearly ports over 40,000 patients treated an- stated that he had not used language nually in the men's and women's hospitals. The laboratory is equipped with modern bacteriological and chemical apparatus, and 'is providing ample material

1 5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

detrimental to the interests of the J apan- ganized churches are 2,343. Baptism of ese Government, and assured the officer 9,019 adults has brought 'the total comthat the people of the church understood municant membership to 76,825. In adhis statement in its true spiritual mean- dition there are enumerated 196,389 ading, and for them it could not have any herents, a gain of almost 25,000 in the possible political significance. past year.

Imperial Gift to the Salvation Army Sunday Schools for Non-Christians W ITH a generous gift of 3,000 yen, KOREANS are using Sunday-schools their Imperial Majesties the Em- as an evangelistic agency in a novel peror and Empress have indicated their way. They have formed Sunday-schools interest and approval of the social and exclusively for non-Christians. So sucphilanthropic work which has been done cessful have they been that the parents in the past 19 years in Japan by the Sal- are coming to the missionaries and vation Army. It is the first Imperial speaking appreciatively of the work recognition that the Army has had, and, being done for their children, and incoming at a time of great need, it is quiring of "the way" for themselves. doubly appreciated. The gift comes at a Rev. C. T. Collyer, treasurer of the critical period in the finances of the Korea Sunday-school Association, writes Army, inasmuch as a few months ago concerning this work: "To me the most Commissioner Mapp was informed by interesting feature of it is that it is not the headquarters office at London that directly any missionary's work. We have the effects of the war were such that given the idea and the inspiration to the there would be a great reduction in the natives, and they are doing the work. We support sent to Tokio. A little later the want to multiply this kind of activity all "reduction" proved to be 12,000 yen-a through our territory." crushing blow, but one which the Army is sharing in every quarter. It was AFRICA since the news of this reduction came that the Army's need was called to the Among the Soldiers in Egypt attention of their Majesties through the kindly offices of Count Okuma, Baron T HE presence of over roo,ooo British Shibusawa, and Mr. Shimada, M.P.- Colonial troops in Egypt has offered The Japan Times. a great opportunity to missionaries for Christian work. The temptations of a city Advance in Korean Churches like Cairo can be better imagined than described, and many soldiers, free from THE Federal Council of Protestant the restraints of home, have fallen an Evangelical Missions in Korea has easy prey to Moslem and pagan vices. decided to open a summer Bible-school The British and American missionaries this year at W onsan, which is expected have taken the opportunity to give to develop into a permanent center of re- stereopticon lectures, and to hold Bibleligious influence for the whole country. classes and religious services with en- The council also voted to become respon- couraging results. Dr. Samuel M. Zwesible for mission work among the Korean mer, Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, and the population of Tokyo, Japan. Y. M. C. A. secretary, Mr. Jessop, have been especially active. Twelve thousand The statistical reports marked the men from Australia have been encamped highest figures yet gained in Korean at the foot of the Great Pyramid of Gizwork. There are now 395 missionaries eh. Mr. Trowbridge writes, March 7: in the country, of whom 128 are ordained pastors. Korean workers giving full "Dr. Zwemer and I have preached and l.ectured in the Mena Camp eight or nine time to the ch1,1rch !;lumber 1,r03' 01:'-

times during February with an attend- Hungry for the Gospel ance averaging over 900 men each time. It is a most inspiring work. At the end of M R. GEORGE SCHWAB, a graduate one of Dr. Zwemer's sermons the troops of Mount Hermon School, Massaburst into three cheers. Every Sunday chusetts, and now missionary in German night a communion service is held, and West Africa, tells interestingly of his during February 30 men accepted Christ wonderful success among the natives 6f publicly for the first time. Many Y. M. that region. He says: C. A. tent-meetings are being held for the soldiers in the great camps outside "Half a generation ago the BuIu, Cairo, where are gathered the troops armed with trade guns, marched to the from Australia, New Zealand, and Eng- coast to rid the land of whites. Witness land. I have also heard these soldiers the power of Christ's Gospel! On a pray and sing, and can not help loving recent communion Sunday at one of our them. Mr. William Jessop, the efficient interior stations the forests gave up their Y. M. C. A. secretary for Cairo, has dwellers to the number of 8,100 by actual been reinforced by three Scotch secre- count! These were they 'whose gartaries…. The temptations in the vicious ments were washed white with the blood resorts of Cairo are very great, and of the Lamb: And on the same Sunday thousands of these stalwart men have at an outstation which had been opened been entangled in sin. But many have to relieve the pressure on the workers come to themselves and to God, and are at the main station, were gathered 5,000 attending the Association meetings. more, this work having been built up in About 600 men from the troops have the brief space of a year! Floods, not joined the Pocket Testament League." showers, of blessing, these! We have some 4,500 pupils in the village schools A South African Native College in connection with the station. The most discouraging feature of the whole work ABOUT ten years ago a movement was is its very success. One lone white man set on foot in South Africa to estab- with the future of part of a large tribe lish an institution for the higher educa- on his hands!" tion of natives-an interstate college. The scheme was inaugurated on a large Lions and Religioua Service.' scale, and it was purposed to raise a sum of £50,000 for the institution. Friends M BERESHI, one of the largest of the enterprise have now decided to . native towns in Northeast Rhobegin on a much smaller scale, and the desia, is the chief station of the college is to be opened this year. Mem- Awemba Mission, and is under the bers of the staff are to be professing charge of the London Missionary So- Christians and to be well disposed toward ciety. Work was commenced there in mission work; they need not, however, 1900, and since has been steadily carbelong to any particular Christian sect. ried on in the face of formidable Ons Land, a South African paper, points difficulties. Heathen practises and out that very few natives succeed in beliefs still maintain a strong hold nn passing the matriculation examination, the people, but still the work grows. and that while, theoretically, it is right There must be something excellent in that opportunity for higher education the quality of the converts when the should be given in South Africa to those missionary can report: "The Sunday natives who desire it, the elementary morning prayer meeting is attended by education of the native remains the chief all the Christians who do not go out problem. preaching." Concerning the depreda- tions of lions, Mr. Nutter, a missionary at the station, writes: "I am glad to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

say that nobody has been injured in Zanzibar Boy Scouts our village, but several people have been killed in the immediate district. THE first troop of Boy Scouts was The lions have repeatedly wandered started in Zanzibar in September, about the station, and a month ago 1912, by Padre Keable. It consisted they killed both my donkeys on one then of three patrols of seven boys each, visit. These frequent visitations have the boys being all scholars at the high made our Friday evening service im- school, and including Indians, Swahilis, possible, and we are arranging for this Goanese, Arabs, and half-castes. They service at sunset." wear ordinary scout dress (but bare feet), and the colors are green shirts A South African Sunday-School Union and red scarfs. Michael, a high-school teacher, is assistant scout master, and THE Sunday-school forces of the they turn out, as a rule, on Wednesdays Christian churches of South Africa and Saturdays. They learn the Scout have been successfully organized. The Law and do all that Scouts do in Eng- need of such an organization has been land. They are mostly Mohammedan felt by Christian workers in South Af- by religion, but there are some 16 Chris- rica for several years'. The World's tians and a few Hindus. Quite a num- Sunday-school Association, in 19II, of- ber of Mohammedans are learning re- fered $750 per annum for two years to- ligion. There are now six patrols and ward the salary of an organizing sec- a band. retary. At the time t~e offer could not be accepted, but the organization has THE ISLANDS now been effected, and strenuous efforts are being made to win the million and a The Pioneer to the New Hebrides half children in South Africa to the Sun- day-school and the Sunday-school's T HE Presbyterian Church in Canada Christ. commemorates this year the centen- nial of the birth of John Geddie, the first Many Volunteer for Africa missionary sent out from Canada or from any colonial church of the British AT a rally held in January in Moody Empire. He was born in Nova Scotia, Church, Chicago, in the interest of and went to the New Hebrides Islands the Nyassaland mission of central Africa, in 1848. He was the first missionary to – which was founded by Andrew Murray, that group of islands. That he was a sixty-two persons volunteered for work man of great ability is evidenced by the in Africa. The rally was held under the way in which he laid the foundation of auspices of the North American Council, the Christian Church among cannibals which has collected during the la~t thir- and savages in. the southern portion of teen months over $4,000 for the work, the New Hebrides group. On the Island and has already sent to the field a trained of Aneityum there stands a monument nurse. It is the sale representative of to his memory on which is inscribed: the body conducting the mission, the "When he landed here in 1848 there were Dutch Reformed Church of South no Christians; when he left in 1872 there Africa. There are now at work seventy- were no heathen." two Europeans in eighteen stations, who care for 70,000 pupils in mission schools; Poisoned Bibles for the South Seas yet so large a territory is absolutely untouched that the mission is seeking FROM the Bible House in New York missionaries and money that it may at a thousand Bibles in the language once enter Portuguese Nyass'aland. of the Gilbert Islands have been sent to Sydney, Australia, there to be reshipped to Ocean Island and Apaian in Micro- nesia. From Ocean Island, which is an

important commercial center because of than twenty years, and occupied a its wealth of phosphate, the Bibles will large and important place in the life of be sent on adventurous voyages of ·two the institution. For many years he hundred miles or so to other islands of acted as secretary of the Faculty, and the Gilbert group. In the bindery of the was one of its wisest counsellors. The Bible House poison was worked into great loss both to the community indithe covers to discourage insect foes; the vidually and to the College as an inpacking-room was turned into a tinshop stitution, was exprest by one friend, while the books, in parcels of 20, were who said: "No man is indispensable, soldered up in tin to guard against wet- but this loss is irreparable." ting by waves or weather, and the shipping office supplied the tin cases with 50 Dr. Moore was a native of Bridgestout boxes as armor against rough hand- ton, N. J., and a graduate of Princeling by stevedores of many races – all ton University (r89r), and of the Unithese pains being taken to insure the safe versity of Pennsylvania Medical School. arrival of the precious freight at the Gil- In September, r897, he married Miss bert Islands. The cost to the Ameri- Ethel Jessup, daughter of Dr. Henry can Bible Society of this consignment H. Jessup, who survives him with five was $1,367. It is a grant to the Ameri- children, the eldest a boy of about 15. can Board Micronesian mission. Mrs. Lyman Jewett OBITUARY NOTES MRS. EUPHEMIA DAVIS JEW- Mrs. Jacob Chamberlain ETT, widow of Dr. Lyman Jew- ett, who, with her husband, gave O N March 12, 1915, Mrs. Charlotte nearly forty years of missionary ser- Birge Chamberlain, widow of the vice in South India, died in March, at late Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, M.D., the age of 9r years. To tell the story D.D., died in New Brunswick, New Jer- of Mrs. Jewett's life would be to resey, at the home of her son, the Rev. view the early history of that cele- Lewis B. Chamberlain, in her seventy- brated mission among the Telugus in ninth year. She was one of the first wo- India known as the "Lone Star" mismen missionaries from America to In- sion. A four months' voyage in a dia, sailing in December, 1859. She and sailing vessel brought Dr. and Mrs. her husband labored chiefly for the Telu- Jewett to Madras in 1849. They proga people, with Madanapalle as the cen- ceeded at once to the struggling little ter, for nearly fifty years. Mrs. Cham- station at Nellore to assist Dr. Day, berlain was the daughter of the Rev. the founder of the mission, in his Chester Birge, an Ohio clergyman; and work. Here they labored faithfuIly was a graduate of Mount Holyoke Col- for many years. In 1877 they were lege. Mrs. Chamberlain returned to transfeued to Madras, where they America in 1909, one year after the death opened a new station in r878, and of her husband. Her Christ-like devo- there spent the remainder of their mistion inspired her husband in his efficient sionary Iife. work and led her children into the missionary service. Miss S. D. Doremus, of New York Dr. F. T. Moore of Beirut M ISS SARAH DU BOIS DORE- FRANKLIN T. MOORE, M.D., Pro- . MUS, daughter of the late fessor of Gynecology and Obstet- Thomas C. and Sarah Platt Doremus, rics in the Syrian Protestant College, and for some years the general corre- Beirut, died on January 13th after a sponding secretary of the Woman's brief illness. Dr. Moore had been as- Union Missionary Society, of New sociated with the College for morc:: York, diee! on January 24, 19r5. :m~ LANDS BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS ./~. AND . .. ~ .L[ … ……….. MISSION I~/ 11 Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital. back in the eyes of the general public. By Dr. Dugald Christie. Illustrated. The. book is a fine addition to medi- 8vo. 302 pp. $2.75, net. McBride, Nast cal-missionary literature, and is written & Co., New York, 1914.

Dr. Christie is a Scotch medical in a readable style. It should be in the missionary in Mukden, a city that has hands of all interested in medical mis- been the scene of stirring events in the sions.

past thirty years. In 1894-5 the China- Samuel B. Capen. By Chauncey J. Haw- Japanese war, and it:l 1904-5 the Russo- kins. Illustrated. 8vo. $1.25, net. Pil- Japanese war, found in Manchuria their grim Press, Boston, 1914.

principal battlefields. In 1900 the It is good to turn aside now and then Boxer rebellion sought to sweep away from the biographies of great and every vestige of Christianity out of lonely personalities to the life of an Manchuria, and in 19II-12 the Repub- American business man of our own lican revolution narrowly missed mak- time. Samuel B. Capen "was not born ing Mukden a shambles of Manchu as a genius towering in intellect or blood. From November, 1910, to April, imagination above his fellow men. He 191 I, the black death of pneumonic had through his life a physical equip- plague swept over part of Northern ment below the average"; yet he be- Manchuria, and Mukden was only saved came, perhaps, "the leading layman" of by the prompt and insistent action of the city of Boston, and has quickened Dr. Dugald Christie and his colleagues, the idealism of the Christian business backed by a wise and determined vice- men of America.

roy. The biographer has done his work The Medical Mission, which was well. He takes us back to the early founded by Dr. Christie thirty years home of his hero, a home of modest ago, is to-day a powerful agency for means, permeated with the finest Puri- Christianity. Officials and soldiers soon tanism. It was a wholesome education came to recognize the importance of the for the lad simply to live in Boston in doctor's help, and it is one of the in- the days before the war, the days of terests' of this volume of experiences, to zealous temperance reform, of anti- note how often we are brought face to slavery, of Finney's evangelism. Capen face with men in high office, some of entered a business firm which regarded whom very worthily upheld their po- busines·s as an opportunity for the ex- sition, and showed themselves full of pression of Chr.istianity.

character and capacity, and truly de- The first outstanding opportunity of voted to the interests of their people. public service came to him when he was As a result of Dr. Christie's work elected president of the Congregational a Union Medical College has been built, Sunday-School and· Publishing Society.

and there is now a staff of eight for- A further chance to help boys and eign teachers and two foreign lecturers, girls came when he was chosen mem- all animated by the missionary spirit ber of the Boston School Committee in and outlook. The pronounced Christian the days of riotouS' graft. Capen helped character of the College is no draw- to save the school system and to give it new life by forwarding the movements ganizations. Modern social and indus- for manual training and other reforms. trial reforms are presented in a way The causes of temperance, of justice that reveals the great need of India for to the Indians, of universal peace were social transformation. The author has among the permanent passions and pur- mastered his subject and knows the art suits of his life. of presenting it to occidental readers. His work comes at once into the po- Mr. Capen's n~blest powers found sition of authority and unique interest. their noblest exercise when he became bound officially to the work of world- Social Christianity in the Orient. An conquest, as president of the American Autobiography of John E. Clough. Edit- Board and chairman of the Laymen's ed by His Wife. Illustrated. Bvo. 409 Missionary Movement. In these and pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co., 1915. many other public responsibilities he The best biographies are more than was generous with his time, yet careful of its use; he drove his work, was the life-stories of men-they are hisnever driven by it. tories of world-periods, the progress of great movements, and the solution of The author happily says, "He was problems. Dr. John E. Clough was an not a gentleman who was religious, he unusual man; he lived in an unusual was a gentleman because he was re- time, and performed unique service for ligious." A layman, "always living in mankind. His life-story is here given the spiritual world, passionately devoted autobiographically, but written by Mrs. to the kingdom of God," Samuel B. Emma Rauschenbusch Clough, and as Capen has made more wide and level a a result has both advantages and dispath which multitudes of business men advantages. If Mrs. Clough had not so are going to walk in this, "the lay- subordinated her personality she would men's age." have written a better book from a lit- erary standpoint, but the narrative Modern Religious Movements in India. might have lost some of the unique per- By J. N, Farquhar. IJIustrated. Bvo. sonality of the man. 471 pp. $2.50, net. The Macmillan Co., 1915. The "Lone Star" Mission among the India is the hotbed of many religious Telugas of India is one of the great miracles of Christian history. We have movements. Not only do Hinduism, here the story of the mission, its foun- Brahminism, Buddhism, Jainism, Mo- der, and work. No better example can hammedanism, Parseeism, and other be cited of the highest type of "social ethnic faiths flourish there, but there Christianity in the Orient"-a work are also innumerable sects and reform based on the regeneration of individuals, movements. In these valuable lectures, but reaching out for the transformafirst delivered in Hartford Theological tion of communities. This is one of Seminary, Mr. Farquhar has rendered a the important recent contributions to great service to Occidental students by missionary literature. his clear, comprehensive, and judicial study of these reform movements. After Missionary Crusaders. By Claud Field. a brief historical view of the last 85 Illustrated. 12mo. 221 pp. $1.00, net. years, he describes the "movements Fleming H. Revell Company. favoring serious reform"-such as the We have experimented by reading Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Parsee and Mohammedan reforms. parts of this book to a boy in the Then come the histories of the Arya eighth grade of a public school. The Samaj and other work in defense of the book held him as in a vise. The writer old faiths, and the many sectarian divides his work, not very consistently, movements in Hinduism and caste or- into three parts, "In Regions of Snow," "In Lands of the Sun," "In India and

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

the East." We had thought of India as tribes of the Afghan frontier. There under the dominion of the sun, and had are humorous touches and exciting adnot been accustomed to class Massa- ventures' among "freebooters," interestchusetts with Greenland. ing camping trips in Kashmir, and he- roic deeds of self-sacrifice in the medi- With swiftness and vividness we are cal mission. Much of the narrative is shown pictures of missionary pioneers told in Dr. Pennell's own graphic style. from different times and conditions. The The book will be eagerly read by boys, first chapter deals with John Eliot and will capture their hearts for the igamong his Indians, studying their al- norant wild men and for the work of most impossible language, meeting and Christ among them. No better book conquering defeat. The sufferings of can be recommended for Sunday-school the Jesuit martyr, Father Jogues, are libraries. almost too luridly detailed for so brief a narrative. There follows a sketch of Judson, the Hero of Burma. By Jesse David Brainerd, whose strange life, Page, } .R.G.S. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 closing at 29 years of age, has been so pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell, 1914. influential throughout subsequent mis- The story of Judson's heroic life, his sionary history. The more familiar stories of Hans Egede and of Duncan of pioneer work in Burma, his imprison- Metlahkatlah are told again, and this is ment, his many other trials and hardwell. Weare tempted to forget that ships and successes, all is graphically boys and girls are growing up, who told. This biography has not the literary have never heard of the stories which finish and completeness of the biography thrilled us as children. of Edward Judson, nor the popular character of the small volume by Hull, There are other stories of Huc and but it is a graphic description with illus- Gabet, and their desperate adventures trations, that will appeal to many readin Tibet; of the Moravians in the for- ers. ests of Dutch Guiana, and of Vanderkemp, that strange figure of South Af- A Christian Hermit in Burma, and other rican missions. There are excellent Tales. By Various authors. Illustrated. snapshots of Moffat and Livingstone, 12mo. 85 pp. Is. S. P. G., London, 1915. of Schwartz of India, and of Adoniram An attractive group of stories that in- Judson, whose sufferings are effectively described terpret Christian missions in Burma and other mission lands. Some of The heroes of the "native" church, them-like that describing "What It fortunately, are not forgotten, short Means to Become a Christian"–offer chapters deal with the martyrs of good material for talks to young people. Madagascar and with Crowther, the African slave who became a bishop. NEW BOOKS The book deals with the exceptional Gleanings From Chinese Folklore. By rather than the typical, and is an Nellie N. Russell. With some of Her appetizer which, rightly administered, Stories of Life in China, to which are may induce a boy to feed upon the added Memorial Sketches of the Author solid food of missionary biography. from Associates and Friends. Compiled by Mary H. Porter. Illustrated. 12mo. A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. Dr. 169 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Pennell's life-for Boys. By A. M. Pen- Co., New Yark, 1915. nell. Illustrated. 12mo. 208 pp. $1.00, net. Revell Co., 1914. The Light on the Hill. A Romance of There are . few more fascinating the Southern Mountains. By Martha S. Gielow. Illustrated. 12mo. 250 pp. $1.00, stories than the adventures of this net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, medical missionary among the wild 1915.

Early Heroes of the Mission Field. Links in the Story of Missionary Work from the Earliest Ages to the Close of the Eighteenth Century. By the Right

Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.D. IJ1us- Bvo. 418 pp. $1.50, net. Funk & Wagtrated. 12mo. 249 pp. 50 cents, net. nails Company, New York, 1915. Fleming H. Revell Company, 1915. Healing and Saving. The Life Story of Philip Rees, Methodist Missionary in In the Land of the Head-Hunters. By Edward S. Curtis. Illustrated. Bvo. 110 China. By W. Arthur Tatchell. 154 pp. pp. World Book Co., Yonkers, 1915. Is. 6d., net. Kelly, London, 1914. Missionary College Hymns. Arranged The Book-Method of Bible Study. By by Annie H. Small. vii-120 pp. 4s. 6d., Rev. William Evans, Ph., D.D. 12mo. net. Oliphant, Edinburgh, 1914. 127 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute The Missionary Speaker and Reader. A Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. collection of Recitations, Dialogs, Read- The Good News of a Spiritual Realm. ings, and Responsive Services. Edited by By Dwight Goddard. 12mo. 379 pp. $1.00. Dwight Goddard, Ann Arbor, W. E. Cule. 155 pp. is., net. Carey Mich., 1915. Press, London, 1914.

Roman Catholicism Analyzed. A Dis- Home Life in China. By Isaac Taylor passionate Examination of Romish Headland. Illustrated. 319 pp. lOs. 6d., Claims. By J. A. Phillips. Introduction net. Methuen, London, 1914. Movements in Judaism: Zionism. By by William Burt, D.D., LL.D. Bvo. 310 Richard J. H. Gottheil. Illustrated. 258 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. pp. $1.50. Jewish Pub. Society of America, Philadelphia, 1914. The Negro Year Book for 1914-15. An A Congo Pathfinder. By Jo)m H. Weeks. Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro. 400 pp. 25 cents, net. Tuskegee Institute, Illustrated. 251 pp. 2s. 6d. R. T. S., Alabama, 1915. . London, 1914.

The American Indian in the United Japan's Message to America. Edited and States. Period 1850-1914. By Warren compiled by Naoichi Masaoka. Illus- trated. 262 pp. Tokyo, 1914. K. Moorehead, A.M. The Present Con- dition of the American Indian; his Politi- Letters from New Zealand. By H. W. cal History and Other Topics. A plea Harper. 357 pp. 3s. 6d., net. H. Rees, for Justice. Illustrated. Large 8vo. London, 1914. 440 pp. Andover Press, Andover, Mass., > 1915. With the Bible in Brazil. By F. C. Glass. Adventures in Faith. By C. J. Ober. 164 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Morgan & Scott, 16mo. 39 pp. Association Press, New London, 1914. York, 1915. Edward Bickersteth, Missionary Bishop Morocco the Piquant, or Life in Sunset in Japan. Prefaced by an Introductory Letter from His Grace the Archbishop Land. By George Edmund Holt. 16mo. of Canterbury, and by a Foreword by the 242 pp. 6s., net. Heinemann, London, Right Rev. Cecil H. Boutflower, Bishop in South Tokyo. 187 pp. y.1.00. Kyo- 1914. Travel and Politics in Armenia. By Noel bunkwan, Tokyo, 1914. Among the Lushans. By Herbert Ander- Buxton and Harold Buxton. 16mo. 271 pp. Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1914. son. IIIustrated. 43 pp. Is. Carey Press, London, 1914. PAMPHLETS The Australian Aboriginal and the Annual Reports of the Federal Council Christian Church. By Herbert Pitts. of the Churches of Christ in America Illustrated. 133 pp. 2s., net. S.P.c.K., for the Year 1914. 231 pp. National London, 1914. Offices, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, John Williams the Shipbuilder. By 1915. Basil Mathews. The Pathfinder Series. Illustrated. 298 pp. 2s., net. Oxford Statistical Tables Federated Missions University Press, London, 1915. in Korea. Compiled by F. K. Gamble. Black Tales for White Children. Trans- Printed by the Fukuin Printing Co., lated and arranged by Capt. C. H. Stigand and Mrs. Stigand. Illustrated. Yokohama, Japan, 1915. 200 pp. 5s., net, Constable, London, 1914. Lessons from the Life of George White- Children of Wild Australia. By Herbert Pitts. Illustrated. 90 pp. Is. 6d., net. field. By Rev. John Greenfield, M.A. Oliphant, Edinburgh, 1914. 58 pp. 25 cents, postpaid. A. O. Sturgis The Vital Forces of Christianity and & Co., Nazareth, Pa., 1915. Islam. A Collection of Papers by vari- The Beginnings of the Women's Depart- ous Authors. 3s. 6d., net. Oliphant, ment of the Canton Christian College. Anderson and Ferrier, Edinburg, 1915. 36 pp. Trustees of the Canton Chris- Through Unknown Nigeria. By John R. tian College, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. Raphael. 12mo. 361 pp. T. Werner Vital Teachings of God's Word. Set Laurie, London, 1914. Essentials of English Speech and Liter- Forth in Bible Studies. By J. H. Todd. ature. By Frank H. Vizetelly, LL.D. 79 pp. 25 cents. Bible Institute Col- portage Association, Chicago, 1915. The End of the Law, or, Christ and Buddhism. By Rev. D. C. Gilmore, M.A., and Rev. J. F. Smith, B.A. 87 pp. Price As. 4. Association Press, Calcutta, In- dia, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1914

lINDIANS DREST FOR A RELIGIOUS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, SEPTEMBER, 19 14.

SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. What historic use was made of the little Japanese basket? 2. In what oriental country has a woman president of a life insurance company taken up evangelistic work? 3. To what country did Cecil Rhodes say that the world would look in the future for its gold, silver and copper? 4. What was the "Stone of Persecution" and what did it com- memorate? 5. Why was the Bible for Uganda made only three inches long? 6. What errand of the Japanese emissaries so greatly astonished the Chinese Viceroy, Li Hung Chang? 7. In what mission field has the feminist movement gone farthest in the church? 8. Who were fined at the Sunday-school Christmas party? 9. What "two little white devils" have recently come into China? 10. Why did the Japanese say that he felt unworthy to be called a "Christian Traitor?" I I. What imitation of the Bible is being issued by the Buddhists of Japan? 12. What price was asked for the copy of the Roman Catholic Bible in Mexico? 13. To what great task did Li Hung Chang set himself before he died? J 4. Over how many sessions 0 f the Japanese Parliament has a Chris- tian been the presiding officer? IS. Why did the Christian worker never ask God to bless his plans? 10. What modem invention is largely used in the suppression of the opium traffic? 17. How were the prayers of the young Japanese answered after his death? 18. What one English word could the young Japanese say when he visited Perry's ship at midnight? 19. What is the "slogan" of the British-American Tobacco Com- pany in China? 20. What peculiar reaSon made the father so anxious to have his daughter attend the mission-school? MEXICANS AS ROMAN SOLDIERS IN THEIR PASSION WEEK PARADE S!:MM~fHr'LLLEE.SS CIFI' SI'ECTAACCCl:LAR RELIIGGWIOO::-"I,' IN MEXICO

XXXVII, NO.9 I2Y W

Old Series E D SEPTEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.9 New Series I A FORWARD STEP IN MEXICO mission activities. Five Committees were appointed to whom was referred WITH the resignation of Huerta all questions to be taken up by the and the drawing together of Conference.

the warring factions in Mexico, the (1) Press and Publications prospects of peace and prosperity are (2) Theological Education and Training brightening for the harassed people of the republic. It is eminently Schools fitting, therefore, that the missionary (3) General Committee on Education forces should also come together in (4) Territorial Occupation conference and plan for better co- (5) General Committee to consider all operation and greater efficiency: From June 30th to July 1st a most im- other questions portant meeting was held in Cincinnati at the call of the Latin- The spirit of unity, of harmony, American Committee of the Foreign of brotherly love, of willingness to Mission Boards of North America. cooperate, was so pronounced that a Sixty delegates, represented eleven practical unanimous vote was ob- Boards and Societies engaged in evan- tained on nearly all the recomgelical work in Mexico, and included mendations. leading secretaries and missionaries of all the important Protestant organiza- The following are among the retions having work in Mexico. commendations for cooperation that will be made to the various Boards A most careful study was made of and Societies, and which we hope the locatIon of all the Protestant will be adopted by them as the basis Mission Work in Mexico, and the for future work in Mexico. facts concerning qhe population, schools, churches, and various other 1. In publication work a Joint Depository .and SeIling Agency at Mexico City; the present Church Papers united into one; an illustrated The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed artides in these pages.-EDITORS.

Young People's Paper; a joint pub- lation of over five millions have no lishing plant in Mexico City. resident foreign missionaries. In same states there is one missionary 2. In Theological Education the to each I2,000 people; in others not establishment of a Bible Institute, one to a million. There are thirtyto be known as "The Bible Institute nine mission high-schools in fifteen and Theological Seminary of the states, while in the other fifteen, Evangelical Church in Mexico," with a population of six millions, under the control of a Board of there are no such institutions. Directors elected by the Missions or churches cooperating in its support. In view of these facts a resolu- A complete course of Theological tion was presented, calling for the Instruction, Courses in Bible, redistribution of all the work of all Methods of Church Work, Music, the Boards so that the entire terriand for those who wish to serve as tory should be occupied; that there Evangelists, Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.CA. should be no congestion of schools Secretaries, Deaconesses and Lay or churches; and that denominations Workers. It was recommended that closely affiliated, like the Northern the Institute be located at Coyoacan, and Southern Baptists, Northern and Federal District, on the property Southern Presbyterians, should be now used by the Presbyterian Mis- given distinct sections of the country sion for its College and Seminary. contiguous, so that the work might be carried on more efficiently. 3. In General Education that Domestic and Manual Arts be taught In closing its report this Committee in all schools; that Elementary Mis- on Territorial Occupation recomsion Schools be carried on wherever mended that in the development of there are organized congregations. the work in Mexico, and in the At least one high-school for boys effort to provide for the occupation and one for girls in each missionary of the whole country definite denomiterritory; a joint committee on educa- nations be regarded as primarily responsible for the occupation and a tion, to supervise and unify all the missionary cultivation of the States indicated. educational work; consolidation of the higher grades of the primary The delegates were ready to yield schools in places occupied by two personal preference and even deor more denominations; a union col- nominational advantage, if thereby lege for men and women at some the work of the Kingdom might be central place; normal, industrial and advanced. (See Map facing p. 661.) kindergarten tra1l1111g schools at some central place. 5. The General Committee on Mexico recommended the appoint- 4. Possibly the most important ment of a Committee of five, to discussion centered about the question prepare "A Message to the Mexican of territorial occupation. There was People," patterned after the "Mesat the outbreak of the recent re- sage to the Japanese People," pubvolution an average of one foreign lished last year, and signed by seven mIssIOnary (including wives) to hundred missionaries at work in 70,000 of the population, but four- Japan. teen states of Mexico, with a popu-

OF THE

Another important recommenda- the property destroyed and the busition was that while the various evan- ness losses. In addition to this, Italy gelical bodies of Christians at work and Greece, Holland, Belgium, Denin Mexico should each retain its own mark and other countries may be denominational name, that henceforth drawn into the conflict. In that case all the churches should be known by 800,000 more men would be added to the common appellation of "The those bent on the needless murder of Evangelical Church of Mexico," the their fellows. special name of the denomination being added in brackets. The immediate occasion for all this fiamingpassion and destruction was If these plans are adopted by the the assassination of the Crown Prince Mission Boards and are put into of Austria, for which Servia was effect with the full cooperation of the charged with responsibility. Austria various missionary bodies a new era determined upon revenge, Russia will dawn for Mexjco and an stept in to protect her protege, example will be set to the workers Germany as an ally of Austria joined in other lands. against the Great Bear, while France and England have come to the aid of THE EUROPEAN CONFUCT their ally Russia. The whole conflict seems useless, suicidal, murderous, WITH scarcely a moment's warn- criminal. What the end will be only ing six of the so-called Chris- God can tell. Is it the beginning of the end-the wars of Nations-the tian nations of Europe have turn:d conflict at Armageddon, the final from the pursuits of peace an.! cataclysm? Some so prophesy, as friendly intercourse to engage in a they have prophesied before. Even deadly conflict that would seem not the wisest may not be able perfectly only unreasonable, but impossible in to read the signs of the times, but we this enlightened age. Diplomacy has believe that even in this the final good been futile, the Hague Peace Tri- purpose of the Almighty will be bunal is an empty farce, the inter- wrought out. God rules the universe, marriage of European sovereigns not tho for a time men and nations only fails to prevent conflict but may refuse to follow His leading and makes this a patricidal strife. Ex- to obey His principles. After the pediency, cost in men and money, storm will come peace, and the time business interests, even the profest will come when men shall learn and religion of Jesus Christ have all practis·e war no more. Experience failed to prevent this dreaded and teaches what the Gospel proclaims, deadly conflict. that neither self-interest nor expedi- ency, the terrible destl.-uctiveness of The combined popul;rtions of Servia, modern warfare nor the financial in- Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany, fluence of commerce, the friendly France and Great Britain (not includ- intercourse of nations, nor the growth ing Colonies), amounts to over three of intellectual culture will prevent men hundred and forty millions. The avail- f rom entering upon foolish and useless able armies and navies number seven- conflicts-the only hope for the world teen million men, and it is estimated that the conflict will cost not less than $10,000,000 a day, in addition to all

is absolute surrender and full obedi- gan in April, I9I3) in Japan. March ence to the will of God as revealed I, I9I4 was appointed as a special in the life and teachings of Jesus day of prayer for work and workers Christ our Lord. May He come in the Sunrise Kingdom. quickly whose right it is to reIgn. "Even so come, Lord Jesus." The resident Protestant Christians (according to the census) now num- PLANS TO EVANGELIZE JAPAN ber 52,972, or a little over one in 1,000 of the population. The goal AS a result of the Continuation set is more than 100 per cent. increase in the missionary force Committee Conference in Japan -or from 406 to 1,000, or about one last year definite plans are being work- to 50,000 of the population, and a ed out for a more adequate occupation fourfold increase of Japanese workof neglected fields, and a combined ers-from I,366 to 5,ooo-or one and systematic effort to reach classes to every 10,000 of the people. An in that Empire. It is important to urgent call also comes for a Union note that while the population of the ·Christian University, and a federation islands (not including Korea and of the Christian schools already es- Formosa) is 51,287,091, four-fifths tablished. are living in rural communities, and 96 per cent. of these are as yet un- japan is not yet adequately occutouched by direct Christian influences. pied for Christ. The doors are wide open, the hearts of men are pre- There is a general spirit of coopera- pared as never before, the people and tion among Protestant Christian work- the Government alike are confessing ers in Japan, and in country districts their need of a new moral basis that there is little overlapping or duplica- the old religions do not supply, and tion of effort. While only one-fifth are tacitly if not openly looking to of the· population live in cities three- Christianity to furnish this basis. fifths of the missionary force is now N ow is the accepted time for Japan. located in eight of the large cities. THE BAPTIST PROGRAM The classes among the Japanese most neglected are the agriculturists, A NOTABLE series of meetings of merchants, coolies, military and naval forces, priests, nobility, prisoners, Baptists was held in Boston, geisha girls and prostitutes. when over three thousand represen- tatives came to celebrate the one The plans now under consideration, hundredth Anniversary of the Amerior in process of promotion include can Baptist Mission, and for the an increase of Christian missionaries; Annual Northern Baptist Convena division of unoccupied territory; tion (June I7-25). Among other an effort to increase the number and steps taken for an advance movement efficiency of Japanese Christian work- was the appointment of a strong ers; eminent Christian speakers from United Missionary Campaign Comabroad to cond~ct meetings and con- mittee, with Rev. Emory W. Hunt, ferences for the deepening of Spir~ D.D., as Chairman, to conduct an tual life, and a three-years' united extensive and comprehensive camevangelistic campaign to reach all paign: (1) To recover lapsed memclasses and communities (this be-

bers and win others to Christ; (2) missions is a marked sign of the To study the social needs of the times. various committees and make an effort to meet them; (3) for the AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND missionary education of the whole church. MISSIONS The American Baptist Foreign COLLEGES and universities were Mission Society appropriately cele- .J originally founded to train Chrisbrated the centenary by electing as Honorary President for life the Rev. tian scholars and ministers, and the Edward L. Judson, D.D., son of the mlssIOnary enterprise has always famous pioneer American Baptist drawn on them for a majority of the missionary. missionaries sent out. To-day, how- ever, the relationship is even more According to the reports given at vital. The movement among the unithe Convention the Baptists are doing versities toward direct representation a "billion dollar business." Their on the mission field, sometimes acting church property is valued at $167,- through the boards, and sometimes in- 000,000, and the current expenses dependently, is a comparatively recent annually amount to over $20,000,080. development, and is steadily growing. There are now seven hundred Bap- The first in the field was the British tist missionaries of the Foreign Mis- Universities Mission of Central Afsion Society on the field, and the rica. Princeton both mans and financontributions have increased from ces the Y. M. C. A. work in Peking, $1,000 of one hundred years ago to and to-day the Princeton building is over $r,ooo,ooo during the past year. the most imposing modern edifice _in In one hundred years about 330,000 Peking. Harvard men have made converts have been gathered from themselves responsible for the upheathenism. Baptism in European building of a medical school at Shangstations brings the number up to hai, now a noteworthy and widely 585,000. 60 per cent. of the native known institution. The University of mission churches are now self-sup- Pennsylvania's work is of the same porting. kind, til1 recently at Canton, now to be carried on elsewhere. Oberlin, some During the coming century the ten years ago, undertook a work in Baptists propose to emphasize the the province of Shansi, where Oberdevelopment of native churches and lin missionaries perished in the Boxer leaders on the mission fields. insurrection, and where Oberlin now is in charge of educational work The Baptist Home Mission Society through all grades in a large district. plans in future to cooperate more Dartmouth men have raised sufficient ~losely with state conventions, and funds to support a Dartmouth reprewith city mission sodeties. Two sentative in the High School at Margreat problems are the foreigners din, Turkey, and are sending out Mr. settled in New England, and the Edward J ahn, a direct descendant of supply of pastors for churches speak- the founder of Dartmouth. Yale ing foreign languages. men have a mission in Hunan, at Changsha, in the heart of China, for The increase in missionary states- "Ya-Li" opened as a col1egiate school manship, both in home and foreign

in 1906; a hospital and dispensary GERMAN UNION IN CAPE COLONY was started in 1968. The University FOR o.01'lle time overtures have of Michigan has also undertaken the been made among the three support of a medical mission in Ara- German miSSIOn SOCieties, Berlin, bia, and other colleges and universi- Barmen .and Brudergemeinde, in the ties are linking up to this forward western part of Cape Colony, seek- Christian movement. The reflex in- ing closer union. These overtures fluence on college men is helping to were furthered through a conference develop them in character and prac- of the superintendent of the three tical Christian service. societies at the Berlin Station, River- MISSIONARY CONFERENCES FOR dale (December 9-I1). The super- TEACHERS intendents found that the three so- cieties desired not only to work N various parts of the world, the together, but entire church union. ] student movement is paying special It was resolved to form a committee attention to a class of professional students who have hitherto had little of six, who would work out the consideration, namely, those prepar- necessary plans. The proposals of ing to be teachers. The British this comm.ittee are then to be pre- Student Movement, in addition to the sented to the several conferences for two general summer conferences, has approval. If possible, a general conheld for the first time a special con- ference Qf all missionaries of the ference for students in Normal Col- three societies is to be called in 1915. leges, i.e., for those who are pre- One great need is a union school paring to teach in elementary schools. for the education of native helpers This is designed to help them in and preachers. The Seminary of the their preparation for their life-work Brudergemeinde in Gnadenthal has by raising their ideals concerning been considered for this purpose. their profession, by helping them The publication of a union weekly with some of their special problems, such as the teaching of Scripture, and paper is also planned, to be printed by bringing them the spiritual help in Gnadenthal, and edited by miswhich it is the aim of the Summer sionary Marx of the Bruderge- meinde, and by the Rhenish mission- Conferences to give to the students ary Holzapfel. A new union hymll who attend. In Ceylon also a new book is also under consideration.

feature in the student movement this A conference of representatives of year has been a Conference of Chris- the home administrations of the tian Teachers. Teaching hitherto has societies in question, which took been looked upon as a profession place in Berlin in February, heartily only to be entered if the door to law agreed to the proposals of the Cape or medicine or the civil service was Conference.

not open. At this conference those CHINESE PROVERBS who were present realized, many of them for the first time, what a noble "The deeper your cave, the smaller calling is theirs and what opportuni- is your heaven."

ties they have for Christian service "Do no wrong by light and you'll in the classroom and outside. see no devil at night."

ANNTTII–CCHHRRIISSTnIAN EDICTS WERE POSTED IN

The Tokiw a Bridge over the ounter moat of the Castle. The old ediect·board prohibiting Christianity is behind the fence, under cover A Missionary Statesman of Japan GLIMPSES OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF DANIEL CROSBY GREENE BY WM. ELLLIOTT GRI[FFIS, D.DO., LL.RR..DD.

OD works not in one only foreign craft then admitted ~ land and age only, but into the waters of Japan. The offer- ing, on that. day amounted to fifteen G His Holy Spirit moves, dollars. In this company was prob- in all ages and in many ably a young man, Mr. David Greene, who that year began two Im~. j. –e~ ~;, lands, to bring about decades of service as Secretary of one result. N early a the American Board of Commissioncentury ago, a stream of influences etr·s for Foreign Missions. His wife, began to flow out in Japan to meet the granddaughter of Roger Sher- the rill from "far off" America. man, a signer of the Declaration of When these united · they were to Independence, was a daughter of become like the river of Ezekiel's Jeremiah Evarts, also the Board Sec- viissiioonn–aa life-giving stream. retary and its Treasurer during twenty years. On January 7, 1828, at the home of William Ropes in Brookline, To David Greene and his wife Mass.., a little company of Congre- were born twelve children, one of gationalists assembled to pray for whom, Daniel Crosby Greene, saw the the conversion of the world. A light at Roxbury, near Boston, on tiny basket, made in J apan, WWw<J<l~~ February II, 1843. In 1848 the placed on the table to receive the family removed to Westboroo, Massaoffering. It · may have been bought from a sailor on a Dutch ship, the

MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD ((SSeepptteemmbbeerr

cchhuusseettttss,, wwhheerree,, aanndd aatt WWiinnddssoorr,, VVeerr– ccoonnffiinneemmeenntt,, hhee sseett uupp aa sscchhooooll ttoo mmoonntt,, yyoouunngg ""CCrroossbbyy"" ssppeenntt tthhee eeaarrllyy wwhhiicchh fflloocckkeedd aaddmmiirriinngg ppuuppiillss.. OOnn yyeeaarrss ooff hhiiss lliiffee.. HHiiss mmootthheerr ddiieedd PPrreessiiddeenntt GGaarrffiieelldd''ss tthheeoorryy aass ttoo iinn 11885500 aanndd hhiiss ffaatthheerr iinn 11886666.. TThhrreeee wwhhaatt ccoonnssttiittuutteess aa uunniivveerrssiittyy**–hheerree yyeeaarrss llaatteerr hhee hhiimmsseellff bbeeccaammee tthhee wwaass oonnee ooff tthhee ggrreeaatteesstt sscchhoooollss eevveerr''

ffiirrsstt mmiissssiioonnaarryy ooff tthhee AAmmeerriiccaann kknnoowwnn oonn aannyy ccoonnttiinneenntt.. IIttss ggrraadduu– BBooaarrdd iinn tthhee EEmmppiirree ooff tthhee RRiissiinngg aatteess,, iinnssppiirreedd aanndd kkiinnddlleedd bbyy tthhee ffiirree Sun. of tthheeiirr mmaasstteerr''ss spirit, created a IInn the meantime, in tthhiiss hermit nnaattiioonn.. LLaatter, they became leading empire, seven' tthhoouussaanndd mmiilleess aawwaayy,, pprriinncceess,, aammbbaassssaaddoorrss,, premiers, mmiinn– was bbreaking the rosy dawn of a isters off state, eminent jurists, and new day. Even then a few far-see- military leaders. There were such ing minds saw that Japan had re- well-known men, as Ito, Kido, trograded by isolating herself from Yamagata, Katsura, and others who the world. It was on a biography of have made and guided the new Japan one of these Japanese "morning stars that has surprized the world.

of the reformation" of 1868, named So it came to pass that, in God's Takano, that Daniel Crosby Greene plan, the two streams of influence spent the last hours of his life, trans- in the East and the West united to lating into English, in 1913, the native form one river for blessing the world.

biography. In the line of spiritual Katsura, mightiest of Dai Nippon's succession to Takano was a scholar modern premiers, and Daniel Crosby named Yoshida Shoin, who after Greene, the "father of the American rowing in a fisherman's boat many mission in Japan," were born within miles in the darkness, stood at mid- four years of each other. After forty night on the deck of Commodore years or more of service on the Perry's ship. To the officer of the same soil, they died at nearly the deck, he could utter but one intelli- same time and within a few miles gible word; "America 1 America 1" of each other. In the world's har- The bosom and sleeves of this pas- vest field, tho with variant methods sionate pilgrim on the road to know- and ideals, they were binding the ledge were stuffed full of paper and selfsame sheaf. Which was the writing materials to take notes of greater? Some, who are well able what he should see in the United to judge, think that the excellency States. of both dignity and power belongs UUnnddeerr tthhee bbaann ooff a government ttoo tthhee mmissionary.

that excluded all aliens and included My oowwnn rremembrances of DDrr.. aanndd all its people in the prison ooff ignor- MMrrss.. GGrreeeennee bbeeggaann aatt 99 AA..MM..,, on annccee,, Yoshida Shain was thus risking Washington's birthday in 1188771I,, at lliiffee aanndd lliimmbb,, bbrraavviinngg ttoorrttuurree aanndd KKoobbee,, wwhheerree,, aass bbrriiddee aanndd ggrroooomm,, ppuunniisshhmmeenntt.. CCoommmmooddoorree PPeerrrryy,, iinn tthheeyy wweerree mmaakkiinngg aa nneeww hhoommee iinn aa hhoonnoorr bboouunndd,, rreemmaannddeedd hhiimm ttoo tthhee ffoouurr–rroooommeedd bbuunnggaallooww.. OOnn mmyy wwaayy aauutthhoorriittiieess,, aanndd hhee wwaass tthhrr~~wwnn iinnttoo ffrroomm TTookkyyoo,, ttoo tthhee wweesstt ccooaasstt,, II pprriissoonn aanndd wwaass aafftteerrwwaarrdd hhaannddeedd ssttoopptt aatt tthhee nneeww sseeaappoorrtt,, tthheenn hhaarrddllyy oovveerr ttoo tthhee aauutthhoorriittiieess ooff hhiiss ccllaann iinn tthhee ffaarr ssoouutthh.. TThheerree,, iinn ddoommiicciilliiaarryy •• AA lloogg ooff wwoooodd.. wwiitthh MMaarrkk HHooppkkiinnss aass tteeaacchheerr aatt oonnee eenndd,, aanndd aa ppuuppiill aatt tthhee ootthheerr..

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

five years old. There was then no tained with which to start the mis- railway or telegraph, milled coin, sioan? N ow emerges a romance of or postage stamp, or indeed hardly missions! That little Japanese basket anything which might suggest the before the praying company at Japan of to-day. Both animate Brookline, in 1828, no doubt redo- and inanimate objects had a strange lent with an "Oriental fragrancy," and medieval, as well as an oriental proved to be in 1869 "a golden vial, look. Within that Christian dwell- ing place, however, it seemed as DANIEL CROSBY GREENE if all the glory and brightness of the western homeland had found full of odors, which are the prayers their focus. My hosts were hos- of the saints." The gifts of coin pitable and charming in manners, dropt into that basket, with the and there was also an aroma of idea of having Japan some day open refinement and high ideals that cap- to the gospel, continued for several tivated one. I recall with what fine years, and amounted to $600. The spirit, yet with true courtesy, this American Board added $600 and put patriot (who had been a soldier in the total, $1,200, out at interest. In the Rhode Island Cavalry during the 1869 this money, with added sums Civil War) defended his country and interest amounted to $4,I04.23, against the cynical diatribes of a enough to pay the passage of the woman who attacked indiscrimin- two pioneer missionaries and to atingly all things American. There, start the mission in Japan. The too, I met a very winsome young original members of the band kept Japanese scholar, Ichikawa, of whom on praying, and one left $500 in her I shall speak again. After two days will for further work. I left Kobe with regret, to dis- appear-by boat up the river and The pioneers sailed, November 4th, . by horseback over the monntains- from San Francisco, on the America, into the great northern Buddhist and after a voyage of twenty-six stronghold, Echizen. For a year the days, sighted Fujiyama and landed Greenes were my nearest Christian at Yokohama. neighbors, tho scores of · leagues away.

On the 13th of July, 1869, after Joseph Neesima had pleaded with Congregationalists to open a mission in his country, the Prudential Com- mittee of the American Board re- commended the Commissioners to begin the work in the Sunrise Land. At Pittsburg, Pa., next year, the proposal was ratified by the Board, and Daniel Crosby Greene and his bride were' chosen to go as ·pioneers.

vVhere was the l11nney to be ob-

They spent the winter at Tokyo months, before Dr. Greene's teacher, and opened services in English for Ichikawa, was seized in the dead the few foreigners in that city of of night and thrown into a hidden a million people. In the spring they prison. Undaunted by the menace decided to settle at Kobe and ar- of death, he confest himself a rived there on March 31, 1870. Christian, and tho the sword did not With the exception of Rev. (after- fall, he died in prison November 25, ward Bishop) C. M. Williams, in 1872. These were the days of brutal Osaka, twenty miles away, the persecution that makes Japan of Greenes were the only missionaries 1914 hang her head in shame. between Yokohama and Nagasaki. Afterward, in discussing this In 1871 no organized Christian matter with the American minister, church yet existed in Japan, tho nine De Long, a rough but noble speci- believers had been privately baptized. men from Nevada, I heard him Some daring young leaders had car- predict the failure of the great ried the boy Mikado to Tokyo and embassy then starting to the Treaty had there set up a new government, Powers and round the world. So whose stability was as yet very un- long as the Japanese practised bar- certain. Over two hundred daimios, barism, the nations would mock at some like independent princes, trav- their claims to b~ reckoned as civil- eled with armed retinues ·and before ized. The embassy heard the' same them the common people prostrated sentiment from Secrct.lfY Hamilton themselves by the roadside. The Fish in vVashington, and every other capital was thronged with two- capital of Christendom. sworded clansmen only too ready to use their murderous weapons. No Through bitter exp:·rience they national army or navy was yet in discovered the fact, and splendidly existence. The Government made did they acknowledge their mistake slight concealment of its hostility and make reparation. en the 19th to the foreign religion. In all the of February, 1872, a~ tho by the cities, towns and. villages, by the waving of a magician's wand, the . ferries and in the market places, Ko-satsu disappeared. The way in there glittered the fresh, black ink which the Tokyo statesman induced of the notice-boards on which were the blood-thirsty Shinto and Bud- renewed the old edicts against "the dhist fanatics to cease their open evil sect called Christian." With my persecution was by saying: "the own eyes I saw bands of native people are already sufficient!yac- Roman Catholic Christians, roped quainted with the matter." To-day together by scores and hundreds, sent only a few of the once terrifying under armed guard to distant moun- wooden edict boards survive in the tain prisons. This spectacle of suf- museums. This persecution of 1~70 fering humanity, in which the tradi- was fairly attributed to the abr,sed tion of the old faith had been kept dogma of Mikadoism. secretly for two centuries, imprest me mightily. Dr. Greene was first of all a scholar, and yet he possest intense I had been in Fukui less than four penetrative sympathy. Throl1ghout his adult life he was a humanist. He

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

attended college at Middlebury and the conservative views melted to- Dartmouth, and studied theology in gether as in dissolving film pictures, Chicago and Andover. Tho satu- and the result was a most successful rated with scholastic theories, he was version, smooth and luminous. yet never frightened by the newer learning that unhorsed many a Besides the classics of the ancient doughty pulpiteer at home and made worlds of thought, Dr. Greene read others juggle with their consciences easily French, German, and Italian, often refreshing his mind by un- A RURAL TOWN IN JAPAN It was :ssuucch towns as this that Dr. Greene visited on his missionary journeys (Notice the fire·bell all the ladder) between pelf and truth. To Daniel shackling it from his own inherited Greene there was no "new," no "old" mental molds and his own vernacutheology, but always eternal truth lar. French helped him in transfreshly apprehended. He could dis- lation to shake off the too strong tinguish between the windmills of influence of the English versionspeculation and the masonry of solid which becomes the snare to so many reasoning. He sat for years with missionary translators. He sought, Hepburn and Brown-men of the as a prospector for gold, and often older day and scholarship-in the waited long for the right, the sutr.anslation of the Holy Scriptures. preme word. He insisted his chil- Without clash, the progressive and dren should know Ccesar and other

classic authors, not only as texts or of Doctor of Divinity, and in later instruments of torture to young years, his own alma 11).ater, Dartminds, but as real history and liter- mouth, conferred the degree of ature. He encouraged his Japanese LL.D. brethren to be familiar with the best currents of the world's thoughts, re- A revelation of Dr. Greene's daily commending Bergson and Eucken. habits of exercise, and one secret of In a word, he belonged to the cos- his vigor, is seen in his celebration mopolitan world of letters and of of the completion of the New Testathe literature that endures beyond ment in Japanese in 1880, when he kingdoms and empires. and Mrs. Greene walked to Yokoska, thirteen miles from Yokohama. After organizing a foreign and a native church at Kobe. the Greenes Dr. Greene's constant and penesettled in Yokohama, in June, 1874, trating sympathy with the people and there the doctor issued an among whom he lived enabled him edition of the Chinese New Testa- to see the Japanese side of things. ment for Japanese readers-a work For over forty years he was the of vast value, especially in that wise and generous interpreter of critical epoch. Japan to the world. Once, on visit- ing a temple, when a native was No educational institution in praying, he led his friends aside America had so vital a hold on mod- until the suppliant's devotions were ern Japan, at its beginning, as Rut- over. He was a true statesman in gers College, and probably none was seeing into the heart of movements in such close touch with the old home that seemed at first to hinder the in Europe. The motto of the college growth of the Kingdom, but which on the Raritan is that of Utrecht often proved dynamos driving' it on the Rhine, in the N etherlands-· toward the goal. Yet Dr. Greene "Sol justitiae illustra," with the addi- was not blind to the faults of the tion of "et _occidentetn))-or, in full, canny islanders. He knew how "Sun of (Divine) Justice, illuminate these people despise flatterers, especialso the West." In 1866, the first ally those who seek thus to gain Japanese students sent to study in their ends. No people excel the America arrived at New Brunswick, Japanese in the discernment of true N. J., the educational capital of the friends. Ben Franklin's story of the Reformed Church in America, and ma~ with "an ax to grind" is as for ;everal years Rutgers was the a household word in Japan, and both focus of the new hegira from the Far the jokes and the subtle wisdom of East, piloted by Verbeck. On the poor Richard are highly enjoyed. other hand, the Rutgers graduates They also have a keen appreciation in Japan, a dozen or more in num- for Abraham Lincoln. ber, from Ballagh, to the last one sent out, have made no mean record; A Christian home is a stedfast Dr. Hamilton W. Mabie, "exchange and easily comprehended argument professor" in 1913, being one of the for Christianity. Into the home of latest witnesses. By Rutgers Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Greene, with its high Greene was honored with the degree ideals, were born five sons and three

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

THE PRESIlYTERIAN CHURCH AT KOBE, DECORATED FOR CHRISTMAS daughters,* yet Mrs. Greene was and keeping alive that strong family ever, in public and private, a noble feeling and loyalty that has prevailed helpmate for her husband. Tho the among us ." dust of father and mother now lies in Blue Hill Cemetery (Aoyama) in The summary of Dr. Greene's life Tokyo, to the children the memory is as follows: of their lives is still ever present. Ten years labor (1869-1879) at Like Milton's deathless book, with Kobe; one year's furlough at home; "life beyond life" this home has, six years in Kyoto at Doshisha Unithrough nearly two generations, by versity, teaching theological students spiritual induction, lifted others to who were unable to read text-books the same lofty level. One of the in English, leading the devotional missionaries of the American Board services, planning the architecture of declared in 1913 that "'Pa Greene' Chapel, Hall and Library, with tour- . . . had much to do with kindling ing and evangelical work in Tamba, (18&:>-1886); furlough in Germany '** The roll of these children reveals their parents' for Mrs. Greene's health, (1887influence: (1) Evarts Boutell,J Professor and Dean 1890); 111 Tokyo (1890-1913). in the University of Illinois; (2) Mary Griffin, During these twenty-three years he widow of GDurles ". Griffin, Champaign, Ill.; (3) was virtually Bishop of the mis- Elizabeth, Champaign, Ill.; (4) Roger Sherman, sion, serving on almost every im- U. S. Consul, Hankow, China; (5) Fannie B., portant committee; was trustee of Hankow, China; (6) Daniel Crosby, M.D., Newton several Christian institutions; was CenterJ, 1M1a:as5ss..; (7) Jerome Davis, General Manager for years editor of the Misssiionlt Nee'l''l11'Ss of the Rockefeller Institute of Research in Nerw York City; (8) Edward F., Judge, Bend, Oregon.

(monthly), and "The Christian true friends, and can they distin- MQvement in Japan" (an annual guish between flattery and service? volume); was the constructive and For an answer count up, not' only inspiring leader in almost every new the memorials erected on the soil, but enterprise, induding the organization also the decorations awarded by the of the missio~ into a j~ridical body Emperor to gospel heralds and true holding real estate under the laws servants of mankind. Attend a fuof Japan; supporter of the School neral, like that of Verbeck's or for Foreign Children in Tokyo, and Greene's, and gather there an antiof the Language 5;chool for the dote for the venom dripping out of training of new missionaries in the the ten thousand fangs of yellow vernacular; President of the Ameri- journals or vote-seeking demagogs. can Peace Society of Japan, etc. He led in urging the native churches to In the audience that overflowed assume self-support, and during his the Ban-cho Church, in Tokyo, Seplast weeks was preparing a plan to tember I7, 19I3, sat or stood nobles, celebrate in Japan the centennial statesmen, philanthropists, business anniversary of peace between the men, pastors, church officers, and two great _English-speaking nations. some of the famous Kumamoto band. Dr. Greene was, materially and For one hour and a half they respiritually, a wise master-builder. mained, while verbal, written and fragrant offerings poured in from A woman missionary who herself saddened and grateful hearts. The has been a noble and untiring worker Emperor's tribute, the Decoration of in the field during forty years, re- tne Third Order of the Rising Sun, called, at Dr. Greene's graveside, her told how, from peasant to sovereign, own folly of 1869 at Andover. In all Japan felt the loss. Christian the Old South Church, "a young unity was finely illustrated by the man was pointed out to her as a Mr. presence of speakers and auditors of Greene, who was going to the many denominations. then almost unknown country of . Let us say, of the life thus ended, Japan." She acknowledged that she what is told of the best native sensaid to herself, "How foolish to give tence-poems-"The words stop, but up country, friends, and life In tne thought goes on." Treasured up America for Japan." Three years to "a life beyond life" -is the volume. later, as a missionary's bride, she closed on earth. His race is run, was welcomed into the home of Dr. but it behooves us to take up the and Mrs. Greene in Yokohama. torch that has been relighted at the waning flame. Do Japanese rightly appraise good work and unselfish effort for the up- "Looking unto Jesus, the author and lift of mankind? Do they know finisher of our faith."

Japanese

Campaign BY REV. S. H. WAINWRIGHT, M.D., D.D. Executive Secretary of the Christian Literary Society of Japan Dr. John R. Mott, in sending us this letter for publication, says: "The three years' evangelistic campaign which has recently been inaugurated in Japan and in which all the missions are united, is a result of the Conferences held in Japan last year by the Continuation Committee. This letter throws interesting sidelights on what is now transpiring in nearly all parts of Japan as a result of this carefully planned and wisely led effort. This campaign is the best illustration with which I am familiar of the leaders of all the churches uniting in an effort to proclaim Christ to all the people of a large nation within a measurably short period of time."

N May 15th, I left dining sun. It seemed that I was traveling, not toward the old military IOi Tokyo by express train castle at Takahashi on the top of for the Okayama Pre- the highest summit, but to some fecture, a district rich enchanted region with golden castles ~ in agriculture and of which the Japanese dream. To manufacture in central what passions and struggles in the west Japan. A week had been set internal history of feudal Japan apart by the Committee of the West- these castles throughout the country ern Section for meetings in Okay'ama bear witness! Not only so, the and auxiliary cities, as a part of the patient toil of a subject popUlation National Evangelistic Campaign. A has left here a monument to itself. number of speakers, lay and clerical. What a gigantic task to bring such had been drafted into the service, massive stones from a distance ..and two of whom were assigned to each chisel them into suitable forms, and public meeting. before the days of modern machinery to raise them to their place in the Service at Takahashi castle walls on the tops of high mountains! The Takahashi castle is Leaving the main line of railway on the crest of a mountain three at Okayama, I passed through Inari, thousand feet above the level of the an important center of superstitious sea, a castle in the air, an impregworship, and reached Tatai, where I nable fortress reached only through took a jinrikisha and followed the the winding approach along the winding course of the Takahashi Takahashi Valley. Stone slabs along River along a picturesque road, be- the wayside bearing the inscription tween high mountains and by the side "God of the Land," monuments to of a clear stream, flowing over a bed the . noteworthy. dead, shrines and of gray pebbles. As evening drew temples, and thatched cottages, in on, the valley ahead became lustrous which could be heard and seen the with a silver mist and the crest of domestic looms weaving matting for the mountains glowed with a fringe of light from the rays of the de-

the export tracie, added quaintness With Professor Hino in Kasaoka to the scenes. From Okayama I went to Kasaoka, About three miles this side of an important city by the shore of Takahashi, the pastor and one of the Inland sea, and on the main the official members were waiting to railway line. Here the official memmeet Professor 'Koyama and myself, bers met us at the station. Profesand a little further on six or seven sor Hino, of the Doshisha, was with members were stationed to give us a me to speak, and again the church welcome to their community. No was filled; all listened until eleven sooner were we seated on the floor in o'clock without showing the least a good Japanese home, than other bit of weariness. In the audience members of the church (Congrega- were Buddhist priests drest in tional) called and extended to us a their characteristic robes, and many cordial greeting. The bustle at the of the prominent people of the comchurch when we entered made still munity. One who had resided in more certain the favorableness of America spoke with pride of having our opportunity. The church build- heard D. L. Moody and Lyman ing was filled by eight o'clock, and Abbott. about seventy-five boys sat in front on the floor. Every seat was occu- The Salvation Army, the Methopied· below and in the gallery, while dists and Congregationalists had men were standing at the back of united for the meetings at Kasaoka. the room and outside every window. Enjoying a good degree of popu- When the second message had been larity among the Japanese, the Saldelivered, it was a quarter to eleven vation Army is extending its work 0'clock, and yet all remained. No into the interior, and, without the one seemed to be wearied or inclined ordinances, is assuming the form of to hurry away. an ecclesiastical body or church. I asked the young officer, a Japanese, I remained over for the service the if the ordinances were administered next morning at eleven o'clock, i.t to those who united with them. He being the Sabbath, and spoke to a replied that they had nothing but a good-sized congregation on the "swearing in" ceremony. The preachtheme of "The Cross." On the plat- ing service was most effective, and form there lay a rough stone, the much enthusiasm was felt by the size of a man's head, into which had local Christians for the cause. The been chiseled in Japanese "Stone of results of the meetings can not be Persecution." In the foundation of fully known, as the net was not cast, the building similar stones had been the plan being to foIlow up the work laid, gathered up after an attack on with personal visitation. the first preaching place in that community which had been de- Madam Hiraoka at Tsuyama molished with these stones. Now, leading men in the community are On the 18th I returned to Okamembers of the congregation, and yama and took a light railway to enjoy in peace the word which at Tsuyama, a castle town in the hills first they received in much affliction. on a high plateau. Madam Hiraoka with her valet was on the same train,

JAPANESE EVANGELISTIC

and was to be my co-worker in the seated. The sobs of women could meetings at Tsuyama. She is a be heard in the audience, and the daughter of the Mitsui family, one men sat with bowed heads, as prayer of the wealthiest in Japan, and best after prayer, such as are fashioned by known in industrial circles. She her- the Spirit, went up to God for those self is very wealthy and has large present, for the community, and for investments. She was converted two the nation. and a half years ago, at the age of sixty-one. She wore foreign attire, Madam Hiraoka has a message on including a foreign hat, spoke a little her heart, born of deep convictions, broken English, and proved to be a She proclaimed the failure of the most interesting companion. Six Bushido morality. The corruptions hundred women gathered in the exposed recently were most scandachurch for an afternoon meeting, lOllS in naval circles where Bushido and listened with profound interest was strongest. I recalled while she and attention. to the addresses, especi- was speaking a stupid article written ally to that of Madam Hiraoka. At by the editor of the Hibbert Journal night, she told the mixed audience in praise of Bushido at the close of which filled the church the story of the Russo-Japanese war, entitled, "Is her conversion. It was a beautiful the Moral Supremacy of Christentestimony to Christ, related with dom Threatened?" Another striking sympathy of style-the thankful ex- point in her address at Tsuyama was pression of one who felt she had the warning she sounded that the trifled away time and come near Japanese people were in danger of losing heaven and her own soul. I committing the error that brought have heard no Japanese Christian destruction upon the Jewish nation. speak who had a truer perception of "If we," said Madam Hiraoka, "conthe significance of the word "grace," tinue to regard ollrselves as a pecuthe strictest test of one's understand- liar people and fail to embrace God's ing of the genius of the Christian world religion, the nation can not religion. escape its doom."

Fortunately, I had chosen for my With the Mayor of Kuraahiki theme the Christian' salvation. In the meetings in Japan they insist From Tsuyama we returned to upon having a subject for one's ser- Okayama, and thence took a, train mon, and this and the name of the on the main line to Kurashiki. Here speaker are written on a long strip there are modern factories am! of paper in perpendicular writing wealth, and some of the leading busiand suspended in the front of the ness men and officials are Christians. room where all can read them. At Rev. T. Miyagawa, Chairman of the the close of the meeting the pastor Evangelistic Committee of the Westasked all to retire who wished to do ern Section, and one of the foreso, and others to remain for prayer. most pastors of the nations, was with The solemnity of the moment was me. His preaching was earnest and impressive. Scarcely more than ten courageous. He did not spare the persons left the room. All remained nation's sins, the corruptions recently exposed in the navy, in one of the

greatest Buddhist sects, and in the Chr:st. As a result of the new Household Department. In fact, industrial awakening, materialism has Japanese preaching has undergone a permeated Japanese society and inchange recently in the presence of stitutions, but the prevailing worldnational evils. Hitherto, the preach- !:ness gave no alarm until men saw ers have not been inclined, as Bunyan ~l:-'ecific forms of evil of which it has would say, "To roar against sin." become the fruitful source. The Now, like Savonarola, their cry to question now is, what will give their nation is : "Your sins have ascendency to the spiritual over the made us prophets." The inclination material? Buddhism, like some among Japanese preachers has been forms of Christianity, finds itself too rather to inform the intellect. Now, negative as to primal truths to bethey seek to grip the conscience hy come courageous, positive or vital. relating particular evils to the moral The Christian religion is confronted law. with an opportunity parallel to that of the 'eighties; but it is a changed After service, _I accepted an in- opportunity. Then, Christianity was vitation to spend the night with the sought as a good thing; now its Mayor of the city, Mr. Kimura. His acceptance is felt by many to be a residence is an elegant Japanese necessity to save the nation. Yashiki, laid out in the style prevailing in feudal days. But within we The Church at Takaya found the atmosphere of Christian devotion. The family is large, with Once more I left the main line not less than ten children, an extra- of railway and traveled into the ordinary number in Japan. The next mountains to one of the remoter morning I found poached eggs on the table for breakfast, besides other districts. Takaya is what the Japandishes that gave evidence of some knowledge of American cooking. ese call a "noson," namely, an agri- Mrs. 'Kimura's younger -brother, she cultural village. Farmers in Japan told me, had been a student at Yale do not live on their several pieces University. After breakfast, which of land, but in village communities_ I ate alone in the presence of my When I reached Takaya by jinrikhost, the Bible was brought by Mrs. isha, the rain was coming down in Kimura for family prayers, and also torrents. We were received kindly a booklet printed by the Scriptu re by the postmaster, in ·whose home we Readers' Union, the plan of which were to be entertained. The official they hac! been following in their daily members soon called and extended a worship. The Mayor I found' to be cordial welcome. Our fellow worker a man of strength and Christian for this occasion was Mr. Kuwata, faith. He is a director in local pastor of a Presbyterian Church in cotton spinning companies. He re- Osaka. Takaya is extremely intermarked that the time has come in esting, because the leading men of Japan when theories and speCUlations the village are Christian, as well as are no longer acceptable from the many of the villagers. A church pulpit; they need the gospel of costing Yz,ooo ($r,ooo) has recently been built with local funds. There is a bell in the cupola, which was

rung at the church hour, after the related to me by the official members manner of the temple bells. Tho of the church. They took a pride the rain was pouring down, about a in the fact that a village lad had hundred people gathered and listened succeeded in breaking down the until after eleven o'clock to – the traditional prej udices against Chris– gospel messages. tianity, and in bringing into exist- ence a Christian Church. A sur- The story of the founding of this prizing proportion of the members remarkable work is one of the most were persons of mature age. Among beautiful in the annals· of Japanese those who called on us were four or Christianity. A young man named five aged women. I asked them how Okamoto went from the village to old they were when they were con- Kobe, and was baptized there in the verted to Christianity. One replied Tamon Church. At the baptismal that she was fifty-five, another was service he fainted, no one knowing sixty-one, and a third was sixty-two. why. He returned to his village In the congregation a dozen or more prompted by a burning desire to women of this age had their Bibles bring a knowledge of Christ to the and hymn-books, and were recent valley of which Takaya was the agri- recruits to the cause- of Christ. cultural center. He met with stubborn intolerance, and could only My visit to this country community gather to himself the children of the only served to deepen my conviction street, whom he loved into loyal that the conquest of rural and agriobedience to his own leadership. To cultural Japan for Christ and the the top of the hill near the village Church is the supreme obligation of he resorted daily for prayer. Look- the hour in this country. ing over the fields and cottages below. he poured out his soul to God for At Okayama the conversion of his people. He attended the Kwansei Gakuin, wh~re Our last appointment was at Okahe sat in my class-room and that of yama, this ti.me at the Methodist the other members of the faculty, preaching 121~ce. Meetings had been but little did we know of the mighty held in this city, first in a public passion ruling his soul. He fell ill hall, and afterward in the various and died, and his body was carried denominational preaching places. Rev. back to the village and buried in T. Kugimiya, Pastor of the West the cemetery. His life seemed to Meth~dist Church in Osaka, was my take hold of the leaders of the village yoke fellow, and Rev. G. Akazawa in a peculiar manner. First one of Kobe followed with a most earnthen another among those who had est exhortation, and again at the come in contact with him became a night service preaching continued Christian, until now Takaya promises until eleven o'clock. A number of to be the first Christian village in hands were raised for prayer. the Empire of Japan. I had not been seated in the home of the post- Apart from the unspeakable satismaster but a few minutes when the faction we felt in being able to prostory of this young man's life was claim Christ, certain impressions sank deep into our minds, as a result of the week's campaign. We felt, for

example, that the hour called for a re-election would have been easy, he larger conception of the opportuni- chose to take the field as a lay ties for preaching, and that this op- preacher, and now devotes his time portunity was greatest in the country to the spread of the gospel among towns. We felt that a new epoch his people. Mr. Tateishi wrote :: in Japatlese preaching was at hand and that the need of redemption for Tsuyama, May 25, 1914. the nation now recognized was lead- Vc wish to extend to you our greatest ing to a firmer grasp of the truth thanks for your valuable help at the time of Christ's person and to a truer of the religious campaign throughout the apprehension of His power. Empire. Despite the great distance, you were pleased to come to such a remote After returning home, numerous place and help us in the great evangelical letters came from the churches visit- movement. We were able to see larger ed, expressing appreciation of the audiences in the different places than we services rendered, in due Japanese had expected. We are, therefore, exstyle. One of these may be of pecting to reap a great harvest in the general interest. It bears the sig- future. VI/e can assure you that every nature of Hon. Chimata Tateishi, a person in this district is very much redescendent of Shinran, the founder joiced to attribute all this happy prospect of the largest Buddhist sect in Japan. for the future to the earnest efforts of the Mrr.. Tatcishi was a member of Par- preachers who came here to help us in liament for many years. Tho his the great attempt. We shall be much obliged if you will spare some of your thoughts for us and remember us in the time of your prayer.

A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THRl: MANY CHRISTIAN JAPANESE CHURCHES IN JAPAN

u N I T E D s T AT

G uL F oF ME xI ao o o o MEXICO 50 100 800 Onlll Mission Statlone ehown DTawn for THE MISSIOlfAllY REVIEW O~ THB WORLD PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO (BEFORE THE HUERTA REVOLUTION) (See statistics and key on the other side)

SOCIETIES I IWORKERS ITHEWORKESTABLISHEDj

AT WORK For'n Native -Chur. rH.Sch. T.Sch. I State and Pop. Station DIVISION * ——–~—–~——-. 1. Aquascalientes Aquascalientes Baptist (North) (119,000 pop.) Aquascalientes Presbyterian (N.) Baptist 2.Campeche —' None None Presbyterian (N.) 2 –:;-~(8",,6-:-=,O:,:0:-:,0)'–_ _ _'I~—c'–_ _ _ __ B'-a-p"'ti,.-st,-;("N'o-r-t"'h")—- –0– – – 1 – –0— –0— –6– Presbyterian (N.) 3. Chiapas Tuxtla 3 (437,000) 3 —c–o Congregational TChihuahu,.—– -Chihuahua Congre/iational —4- —3- 4 I3 (405,000) Chihuahua Method.st (South) 5 3 oIG. 0 0 Chihuahua Episcopal 0 1 o1 Chihuahua Baptist (South) 2 0 o oIG. 0 Juares Baptist (South) 0 2 0 I 0- – -S18. Rosalia Baptist ( Soutlr) 4l' 1 () Parral Conjfregatlonal 2 3 5 IG. – 10 – 5 – ~-6- -4- –1– 5. Coahuila _Piedras Negras Disciples Disciples 5 (367,000) Sabinas Disciples 1 8 o4 o1 0 Sabinas Baptist (North) 0 1 0 Saltillo Baptist (South) o 4 0 IG. 0 Saltillo Disciples 0 0 Saltillo Methodist (South) 3 1 1 0 2 1 IG. 0 Saltillo Presbyterian (N.) 3 6 o7 oIG. 0 Torrean Baptist (South) 4 0 1 Torrean Metho",st (Soutb) I 1 2 oo 0 1 hNT~oo'rr:e:na,n-:":e=—-1 Episcopal ___0__ _ _ _ 0_ _ -0- 4l None 0 0 – 0 – – – – 0 – l'.!etbo:.:d=is::.:t=-______-;;;6 LC6.—'-CO:o"Ji=m:::a-'("77","0"'00"');- 7. Durango – – – Durango Baptist (South) —2- -0- o o o Baptis~ '1 o 8 (436,000) Durango Methodist (South) 5 .. 5 1 o1 Methodist "8-.-;G"u:-::ac'n:::a",juac'::-:-t-o'– Guanaji.t~ –2- Methodist (NorthY- 4 -1-3– ~4- o (1,075,000) Leon Baptist (South) 3 0 2 preSbyterian-(N-.)- –1- '11– ~4- – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.), 9 r-Guerrero— Chilpanango o o (605,437) Chilpanango Episcopal 0 1 –2- 0 0 -1"M"e"Cth"-o'd""'is-:-t—-..,.—;nl0 Methodist (S.) W:-Hidalgo '1'ula –2- –2- – – – — – 0 (642,000) Pachuca Methodist (North) 5 15 5 1 0 1[Jalisco Guadalajara— -Methodist (South)– —5– —9- -I-I- –Ie;:- 0 Methodist 11 (l,202,OOO) o 0 Guadalajara Adventist 2 1 I 12. Lower Calif. (52.000) Guadalajara Congregational 6 2 5 2 1 Guadalajara Baptist (South) 2 0 Guadalajara Ep.scopal 2 1 3 oIG. 0 2 None None 0 – – 0 – ~O- – – 0 – 01- Congregational 12 13. Mexico Toluca Baptist (South) —5- —0– —-4– —1–' —-1- =Ba_p_t-i,.s-,t________-.1-3;- (975,000) 4 0 0_ Toluca Ep.scopal 1 0 14. Federal Dist. Mexico qty -Baptist (North) –4- -15- -5– -1- —0 1 Baptist (719,000) 14 Mexico CIty Adventist 10 7 1 0 0 Mexico City Methodist (North) 13 19 6 2 0 Methodist Mexico City Methodist (South) 'J 12 15 1 0 Mexico City Presbyterian (N.) 6 37 7 1 1 =Pr=es-b-y-t;e=ri_a_n_(_N__.)__.., 4 2 5 IG. '15'.":r,"Hc::c'h=oa=-c-a"'n—–I'MMcer'x-0ic-roe"C'l,i;-tiya-'-=—1 Episcop,!l 2 —6- –0- —-00- Methodist 15 Baptist (South) —-0– >7-i(.99.::1=,:;-O::00:-,),–____Zitacua.~_____ j'resbyt,erian (N.) __5____3__ lOx -~ 0 0 0 16. ¥,orelos Morelos (?) Epis.copal' 1 – 0 – –0- -0- Presbyterian (N.) 16 (180,000) ~lI"or::eo;;—­ Monterey !369,OOO) Monterer Eapt,ist (N.) 1 10 – – 3- – – 0- –1- Baptist 17 Adventist 2 1 l Monterey 0 0 Discip!es 7 11 5 1 () Monterey Mefuodiat (South) 4 9 Monterey 810 Episcopal 1 0 1 () 0 Linares Linares Presbyterian (5.) 4 10 4 0 6 Presbyterian (S.) Baptist (North) 0 1 Monte Morelos Pres~yterian (5.) 000 1 10 "'IS".-CO"'a-x, '-a-~a—-~ Oaxaca Baptist (North)~ 1 1 0 EpIscopal –0- –1- -0–0—0- Pr~byterian (N.r 18 (l,04l,OOO) Oaxaca 1 0 1 0 0 Oaxaca – – a – Methodist (North)0 6 400 19. Puebla Methodist (North)– ~13- 2 3 –4- (1;092,000) Puebla ~f' Methodist 19 Puebla Baptist (North) 3 3 2 {) 0 Puebla Ep.scopal 1 0 ~ethodis:Ot'("'NT:o"'r:;:;thc;)c–i -~O"- ~9– – -1T 0 0 20. Queretaro —0- – —0- Methodist (243,Q)O) Queretaro 20 21. S. Luis Potosi S. L. Pptosi Methodist (South) – – 4 – '-s~ –3- —2—-·1-I,.M.~e~th~0~d~is~t——-".21 (624,000) S. L. Polosi Adventist 3 2 6 ooo 0 22. SinalQa S. L. potosi Baptist (North) 0 1 0 6 (323,0,00) 5. L. Pptosi Presbyterian (N.) 0 11 6 IG. 0 ~MM~a::a':zt'e:::hat~ula=anclc,a' – – – – – Friends 3 –18 ~ 5 –0- Fri~nds —2– –60 – -'M:-;-Oet"h-o'd"is-:-t'("S-ou-t"'h')—1—-;Ic– Met"odist 22 Congregational Guayama~ Baptist (South) —3—~ —0– 1(['–0- Congregational 23 7 Presbyt"riill 24 o Hermosillo 5 7 Guayamaa Methodist (South) 0 1 0 –0- o (N.r NN:~ao:c:o':zn:a'r:i:e=:"::""—–I Congregational 3 4 o 0 0 24 Tabascll ' EN~poi:s:cno-:pea–l "-'-'———–I—1"O– 0 –0- –0- (262,000) –0- 25. Tamalllit>as' 'Matamoros P~esbyterian (S.) –4- –13 -S– '–TIr -'O,I'P"r"'e'sb-y-:-t:::-er7ia-n""''''(S·.')-;'·-:2''''S (249,QOO) Matamoros Friends Victoria Friends 4 Ig5 1 gfG. J0 Victoria Presbyterian (5.) ~ ~ Frie!1ds Tampico Episcopal o1 0 0 0 0 Tampico Raptist (North) 1 0 0 0 26. Tepic (171,000) None None – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – —0- Metliodist '..' 26 27. Tlaxcala — – ·T"'I'a-x-ca'I"a——-I·M~et;oh-o–;d;;-is–;t"C("N"'o-r–;t'h')­ – 0 – —2- – – 0 – – – 0 – –0– 'M"'e–:th"-od~i'-st-:——;2"'7 (183,000) 28. Vera Cruz Jalapa Presbyterian (N-.)- –0- –1-7- —9- – – 1 – '—0;.-I-';P;::re:::-s"b-y-:-te:-:r"'ia-n-;C(N~.)c-"'2-;8 (1,124,000) Jalapa Episcopal 1 0 Orizaba 1 0 0 29. Yucatan Mindo Methodist (N.) 2 4 2 0 0 (337,000) Presbyterian (N~)- ' – 0 – – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.) 29 -0- –0- W:-Zacatecas Zacatecas Presbyterian (N~ —0- -1-1- —6- —0- —0– ";B"a:::-p"Ct"'is–;t———=-:30 (475,000) *After peace is established, a division of territory is proposed by the societies that met in conference. NOTE.-The American Bibl" Society has a number of colpor teurs in Mexico, and these travel and distribute Scriptures in many unoccupied fields. The Pentecostal Mission an d the Brethren also have had a work in several stations.

The Y. M. C. A. has branches in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Mont.".ey. The Protestant Episcopal Church, the Adventists, and some others have not seen their way to ernter into the plans for a division of territory tho they met in the general conference.-EDITOR. •

METHODS-THE LARGEST COTTON MILL IN

After the Revolution in Mexico BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church (N ~rth) ~· EXICO is " a magnifi- account her boundless agricultural products and her immense industrial ' cent land, abounding resources, we will readily grant the 11 in resources of all claim so often repeated that Mexico could easily maintain from four to kinds-a land where five times her present population, and that all could prosper and be happy, EI~ none ought to be poor while many would be rich, and, as and where misery Lempriere puts it, "there need he ought to be unknown." So says the no poor." eminent French traveler and writer Lempriere. The first part of his But how lamentably far off the statement is certainly correct. Official country is from such a happy state statistics for 1913 give Mexico's im- of things! When Senor Emeterio de ports at $97.495,000 and her exports La Garza, Jrr.., recently issued a call at $149,602,000, leaving, therefore, a for a peace congress in his native favor balance of over fifty miIlion land, he . said "the Church and the doIJars. Cecil Rhodes, not only of Government have made of the Mexi- African but of world-wide reputation, can people a people of paupers, a said some years ago that in the future fold of beggars. The Mexican is the world will look to Mexico, as to obliged to live in misery and to die no other country, for its supply of of hunger." Many will say that the gold, silver, and copper-and he cause of this lamentable state of might have added for its oil and things is to be found in the many rubber, its coal and iron. If, in addition to all this, we take into

revolutions which have afflicted the Some of the evidences of Rome's country now for over a century. This failure are evidenced by the follow- ing facts: is only part of the truth, for badk of this oft-recurring disturbance lies (I) The Bible has always been and still is a prohibited book in another, the real cause. Mr. de la Mexico. If now and then it 15 Garza correctly lays part of the found on sale it is at a price ;;0 blame at the doors of the hiStoric exorbitant and unreasonable as to church. The Government even in be beyond the reach of the common these latter years has been the crea- people. The only edition of the tion of the Church, for the Church Bible ever printed in Mexico was made the men and the people that have made up the Government. offered to the public at $150 a copy. During the period of Spanish rule, which lasted three hundred years, vVe have known cases where the the viceroy and the archbishop were Bible distributed or sold by the twin rulers, and when a viceroy died American Bible Society has been or was removed the archbishop held forcibly taken from people by the the reins of government until a new priest and recently one was burned appointee came from Spain. So the on the streets of the third largest city Church has exercised the dominant in the country. influence and has made the people what they are, whether as rulers or (2) In every church of Mexico private citizens. All through the there are many representations of a centuries she has been on the 'side dead Christ, but we hear almost of the rich as against the poor, nothing about a living Christ. with the oppressor as against the opprest. The people at large in (3) Indulgences are still sold pub" Mexico have never had an oppor- licly in many churches, even in the tunity, and are more to be pitied than capital city of the country. Sacrato be blamed for a situation not to ments have their tariff, and the contheir liking. Most of us forget that fessional lays its heavy price on the Mexico is at a great disadvantage in offending penitent. These things arc being judged from the standpoint of all cilrried to such excess as to a superior civilization. Whatever justify the charge that one frequently may be our own opinion concerning hears, "it is a religion of money." late movements in Mexico, we can not be blind to the fact that the (4) In some rural churches are lamentable failure of the historic still found, on so-called Christian church to meet its responsibility to altars, the wood and stone idols of the millions of those unhappy people, pre-colonial times, the only change through the four hundred years of being the substitution of the name its dominant influence (three-fourths of Roman Catholic saint for an of the time absolute), has created Indian name. the very conditions that have made possible the deplorable events now (5) The ancient idolatrous and passing on to the pages of history. superstiti6us feasts of the Indians are still mixed with services author-. ized by the Church, as may be seen at Guadalupe, Ixtapalapa, Amecam- eca and like places. Sometimes at these feasts drunkenness is added to

THE REVOLUTION IN

idolatry and superstition, to such an on a rational wage. In their miserextent as to lead one to believe that able little huts they are often herded such occasions are as offensive to like cattle, sleeping on the cold or Almighty God as like occasions are damp earth with sanitary conditions in Madura or Benares. entirely disregarded. Many of the people are· no better off than they (6) Illiteracy and immorality are were four hundred years ago. more the rule than the exception. Official statistics give 80 per cent. of If this doleful picture is the best the people as unable to read or that the Roman Catholic Church can write, while 30 per cent. of the births present to the world after four cen- ANCIENT METHODS-THE ABRAH.MIO PLOW STILL IN USE IN MEXICO are illegitimate, tho many births are turies of opportunity, is it not clear never registered. that her failure makes an eloquent and irresistible argument as to the (7) The almost universal desecra- need for another church to uplift the tion o·f the Sabbath with bull- fights, poor in the spirit of self-sacrificing cock pits, open gambling, horse love, and see to it that they have a racing; debauchery and other objec- chance for betterment along the lines tionable things reminds one of the of social, educational and religious terrible conditions in England just advancement? This is especially before the reformation of the eigh- true since many of the Roman teenth century. Catholic clergy of to-day are not only participants in all the above fail- (8) The degradation and squalor ings but are too often actual abettors of the people, living in mud huts, in each and everyone off. them. without the ordinary comforts of life, and compelled to support their fami- IS it any wonder that the revolies on a mere charity rather than

lution breaks out once in awhile or holders too often treat the peons that the pent-up feelings of an op- who till their land and contribute to prest people should cry out against their fortune as mere serfs, for whose their wrongs? Did not our own betterment they have little or no nation do so in 1776 as they pledged concern. In any case the land prob- to each other "life, fortune and lem is most vital and is one that sacred honor" that they might prove can not be satisfactorily adjusted by to the world that "all men are the mere ipse dixit of any govern- created equal?" Did not our fore- ment in Mexico or by the hasty fathers do so in 1640 and 1688 till action of any intervening govern- that grand _lI1agna Charta was ment, however lofty and sincere its rescued from the battle-field of four purpose. hundred years and was made the constitution of a free and liberty Different administrations in Mexi- loving people, "a model for all the co have promised much relief in the other free constitutions of the past, but have accomplished little. world?" Too often they have been accused of encouraging the greed and avarice Ve learned the lesson from .our of the rich hacendados. The revolu- English forefathers and set the tion of I910 lost much of its influ– example to Mexico and to all Latin ence from the fact that some of its America-an example of which we leaders, after gaining power, appearhave never been ashamed. However ed unable to hasten promised re- regretable some of the methods used forms, and much kss were, they in Mexico, many of which had their ready to divide up their own great parallels in those English revolu- estates. Yet the cry along this line tions, we should not. forget that the has not been in vain. The opprest goal they seek is freedom and multitudes are awake to their rights righteousness for an opprest people. as never before, and if the recent enactment of the National Congress. The agrarian problem, about which proposes a land tax,. light on ,which we hear so much in these the poor and heavy on the rich, days, is not only a most serious one, shall become effective, it will be the but is a problem that must be ad- greatest boon for the masses as well justed before permanent and lasting as a natural source of large revenue peace will come to Mexico. There for the Government itself. The Reare· at least three phases to this public. also inherited from the Spanquestion. There is the communal ish regime the non-participation of system which obtains in some parts the natives in government affairs, and of the country, and the arbitrary this inheritance has never been effectand cruel infringement on the rights ively repudiated. The exceptions of the indigeneous peoples who have have thus far failed to establish the small fioldings. There are also the rule, hence the cry of the recent immense estates of the few rich who revolution in favor of effective sufpay no land tax and yet so often frage. It is true that these two evils prey upon their poor neighbors who as well as others which might be inherited their small holdings from mentioned wait on g')vernmental their ancestors. These rich land

THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO

action, but, the historic Omrch made ardent admirers, would claim that the people what they are and they every Mexican is thus capable. But in turn have made or submitted, every thoughtful and intelligent stu- through ignorance and meekness, to dent of Mexico's struggles and diffi- the shortcomings of a government culties, as well as of her achieve-.

which has been more in name than in ments during the past hundred years, fact a republic for nigh on to a must admit that if given a· fair hundred years with constantly recur- chance, untramelled by priestcraft, ring outbreaks of the revolution. unfettered by political demagogs, The secular press of the United and unopprest by the rich, the States, which in these days teems Mexicans will give ever-increasing with editorials and contributed examples of their nobility, and will articles on the "one and only cure for prove to the entire world that Mexico Mexico," in some cases takes the can be a happy and prosperous "wrong horn of the dilemma" by nation.

advancing the idea of annexation, and Lecky, in his history of the Scotch, seems to ignore completely the fact says: "The character of large bodies that in addition to other evils this of men depends in the main upon would ultimately mean the addition the circumstances in which they have of some three million illiterate been placed, the laws by which they Roman Catholic voters to an already have been governed, the principles perplexing situation. Such a course they have been taught. When these would thus create a balance of power are changed the character will alter fraught with great danger to our too, and the alteration tho it is own Republic, to say nothing of the very slow, may in the end be ·very possible restitution of many of the deep." The historian might have former ills in the acquired territory. added that the alteration will be less Others mildly suggest education, slow where pure Christianity is a labor, and other things, good, so far cooperating factor.

as they go, but falIing short of the real The revolutionary outbreaks of remedy for the situation. It is here 1810, r837, r857, 1873 and I910 have where we make bold to assert that all resulted in giving the people a Christianity as taught in the New larger perspective and loftier am- Testament and interpreted by Prot- bition, while the Napoleonic and estant churches is the only infallible papal intrigue of I864 failed com- cure for the woes of Mexico. This pletely in its attempt to re-enslave Evangelical Christianity through its the people either to Europe or to the missions and by provoking the his- hierarchy. The Diaz regime intro- toric Church to good works, can duced tremendous material improve- alone bring permanent peace and in- ments and did much to prepare the creasing prosperity to our neighbors way with its excellent normal schools on the south. for the education of the masses.

Another class of American j our- The latest upheaval has given em- nals are asking the question if the phasis to the possibilities of demo- Mexicans are capable of self-govern- cracy. Thus we see the dawning of ment. No one, not even their most a great opportunity unfolding before

the Protestant Church, such as has The new impetus to be given to not appeared since the collapse of educational work is evidenced in the the French Empire in 1867. Then proposal for a Union College for unfortunately our churches did not men and women, a Union Theologi- see their opportunity. Will they see cal School with several churches re- it now? presented in the Faculty, centrally God is calling and caIling loudly and conveniently located normal to Christians to take advantage of schools to serve all the missions. An this opportunity. On the 30th of attempt will also be made to so June and the 1st 0 f July last, in the harmonize the curriculum of all pri- city of Cincinnati, there met together mary and common schools as to lead some seventy-five earnest Christian up to the higher Union schools and men and women to face the facts, and at the same time not to conflict to study the remedy. These men with the program of the government and women represented twelve evan- schools.

geljcal bodies doing work in Mexico· It is also recommended to estab- and included the official representa- lish a Union Publishing House which tives of their Boards as well as will send out one strong organ of missionaries from Mexico. For two Protestantism, a suitable publication days these men and women sat to- for the rising generation, together gether in prayerful consultation about with such tracts and books as con- the best way to make the most of ditions may demand.

the golden opportunity before us. In order to more fuIly measure up To this end such a readjustment of to the opportunity the Protestant the entire territory is recommended churches in the United States are to the Boards as wiII obviate over- asked to increase their forces in the lapping of missionary effort with its field 50 per cent. This wiII enable consequent waste of men and money. us to establish work in every state By bappy agreement all Protestant and not leave out one-third of them Christian churches will henceforth be as at present. But the readjustment calIed by the name Evangelical . of territory and forces as unani- Church, and when necessary the de- mously agreed upon at the Cincinnati nominational name wiII be added in Conference will be equivalent to an- brackets. In the greater work before other 50 per cent. at least, so that llS our differences will be lost sight within six months after the present of and the supreme effort wiII be to political fermentation is ovel Protes- lead meri and women to Christ, rather tantism ought to be worth more than than to any particular branch of His twice as much as it is now worth to church. the Mexican people.

In the window of the American Bible Society in the City of Mexico, there recently hung a large poster on which were the ten commandments in Spanish. The poster has attracted remarkable attention. What would Moses have thought of his law being still a novelty in any part of the world nearly 3,500 years after it was proclaimed-and in a land which claims to be Christian.

1l–''hhoto. copyright by ""NNaavy and Arrmmyy..N"

THE LATE LLXI HUNG CHANG IN HISS OFFICIAL ROBES The Self-Revelation of Li Hung Chang A REVIEW OF THE MEMOIRS OF A CHINESE VICeEERROY BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D;., NEW YORK ~T HE world has long and statesman; but many had for- known that Li Hung gotten that he was once a great soldier and until the recent publication Chang, late Viceroy of of his Memoirs,* few realized that Chih-li and G ran d .*. "HMMeemmoirs oft Li Hung Chhaanngg:,,"" edj,ited by Wil- liam '·-Francis Mannix. with an introduction by the . Councillor of the Hoon. Joohn W. Foste r;; published by Houghton, Mifflin Coommlp'aann~~, Bostqon amn4i New YVollr!, Chinese Empire, was alll eminent ·' scholar, administrator

he was also an author, a wit and a his person all these attainments in philosopher. During his long and such an eminent degree as Li Hung e'ventful life ne held a conspicuous Chang. Because of his distinction in position, not only in his native China, all these fields of human activity, but in the public thought of the we should welcome these memoirs, civilized world, and he probably re- extracted from his voluminous diary, ceived larger recognition from west- as a valuable contribution toward ern nations and had a more con- the better understanding of his Char:" spicuous place in newspapers and acter and services. magazines than any other Asiatic of his day. When we remember that It is true that there were vulnerhe spoke no language but his own able places in the life and work of and that he was never outside of Li Hung Chang. While having no China until he was over seventy disposition to defend or extenuate years of age, this is rather a remark- anything that was wrong, it is only able fact. The Hon.:Jonn W; Foster, fair to remember that one's judgformerly American Secretary of ment of such a career must be in- State, had remarkable opportunities fluenced to some extent by'.~!st~~l for personally meeting and estimating perspective. Li Hung Chang' was a the great men of the modern world, thorough Asiatic, not only in nationand' he expresses the opinion in his ality but in temperament, ideals and IntrQdu~tion to this handsome volume methods. It is hardly fair, there~ that Li Hung Chang was not only fore, to apply to his every act those the greatest man the Chinese race criteria which may fairly be applied has produced in modern times, but, to a man who was born and brought in a combination of qualities, the up in a Christian land. He had little most unique personality of the past opportunity to know anything about century among all the nations of the Western civilization except that world. He was distinguished as a form of it which characterized man of letters; as a soldier in im- the diplomatic and commercial reportant campaigns he rendered valu- lations of European nations with able services to his country; as a China, and he can hardly be blamed statesman for thirty years he main- for not having been particularly imtained a recognized preeminence over prest' by what he saw and experihis countrymen in the oldest and enced. Of missionaries and of most populous nation of the earth; Christianity he knew practically and as a diplomat his achievements nothing until rather late in life. In entitle him to a front rank in' the spite of these things, however, he international relations of all history.. manifested on the whole a breadth The last one hundred years have of view and a progressiveness of produced many men of scholarship, spirit which would have made him several great generals, a number of eminent in any land. statesmen of distinguished ability and success, and a few diplomats of high It appears that during his long and rank; but no one of these can be eventful life he was accustomed to singled Qut as having combined in keep a personal diary, and that he wrote voluminously in it, jotting down his impreBsions of men and

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG CHANG 66g

movements, and quite freely express- the tides of modern life. It is ing his mind on an immense range exceedingly interesting to note the and variety of subjects. The editor way in which this veteran Oriental of the memoirs, Mr. William Francis estimated the relentless and inevi- Mannix, says that the Viceroy was table contact of China with western by no means a careful diaryist, that nations, saw the impossibility of his manuscripts were not only China's maintaining the isolation of amazingly long, but that they were former centuries, and used his inleft in several widely separated cities, fluence, altho not always successfully, and that, while the writing was beau- to persuade the Empress Dowager tifully done, the dates and annota- and his countrymen to accept the tions were so confused as to make inevitable and to readjust China to the task of the translator and col- the exigencies of the new era. "In lator extraordinarily difficult. spite of all dislikes," he wrote, "if we truly have the best interests of One reads this volume with wonder China at heart, w,e will no longer and delight. He finds most interest- oppose the coming of the foreigner, ing and piquant observations upon for he is bound to come anyway, historical presentations and events. even if he must ride behind a bayonet There is a chapter upon Li Hung or sit upon the big gun of a war- Chang's relations with the famous ship." General Gordon; there are discussions of war and peace, of litera- Toward Christianity and missionture and philosophy, of science and aries, the attitude of Li Hung Chang religion, of agriculture and opium, changed in a way that was significant of politics and personal habits. A in character and indicative of the flood of light is thrown upon a num- greatness of the man. In the earlier ber of important questions. Five part of his career, he was vehemently chapters are devoted to Li Hung anti-missionary and anti-foreign. He Chang's observations and impression~ shared the popular belief that mis- <luring his tour of Europe and sionaries were "foreign devils," and America in connection with the coro- he cynically blamed Christianity for nation of the Czar of Russia, when the vices and treacheries of white the great Chinese was seventy-five men. "The French hate the Geryears of age, and the salient char- mans, and the Russians kill the Jews, acteristics of the white race have but they are all Christians when they never been more keenly analyzed or come to China!" He refers to the more wittily described. The chapters action of Great Britain in forcing on the Boxer Uprising, the China- opium on the Chinese as one of the Japan War, and the celebrated Em- impediments to the progress of press-Dowager, are also of absorb- Christianity, and he cuttingly reing interest and of large value. marks: "A great nation, a Christian nation above all things,_ has given Whlle Li Hung Chang was a this awful blight to the Middle Kingthorough Chinese, he was too intel- dom. What are our people to think ?" ligent and broad-minded to imagine that it was possible to keep foreign- As the years passed, however, and ers out of China and to beat back he had better opporturrities for

coming into contact with missionaries best for the greatest number of the and for judging the real purposes sufferers to keep their bodies and and character of their work, he was souls together."

large-minded enough to disavow his N or was this merely a perfunctory former prej udice, and to speak of reply to an address of welcome.

missionaries with real respect. We Abundant evidences appear in his read in one place in his diary that diary that it represented the feelings he said of one of his contemporaries, which he entertained during his later Viceroy Tseng-Kofan: "Like my- years. Profoundly significant are the self, he has changed his views exceed- following extracts from his diary of ingly in the past five or six years, February 17, 1886: and is no longer a hater of the "I am more and more convinced Christians." that the Christian religion is not I well remember the great so much hated in itself, but that Viceroy's visit to America in 19Q6, the animosity which is found to a and his address to a delegation which greater or lesser extent throughout called upon him at the Waldorf- China against the 'foreign devils' is Astoria Hotel. In response to an because they are 'foreign.' During address of welcome in behalf of the several years I have given quite missionary boards of America. he careful study and thought to the said: . religion of the West, and I can not "I fully appreciate the philan- see that it is in conflict at all with thropic objects the missionary so- our own philosophy. On the con- cieties have in view. . . . The mis- trary, the teachings of Confucius sionaries have not sought for pecu- and the doctrine of Jesus appear to niary gains at the hands of our be on one exalted plane, conceived people. They have not been secret and promulgated for the betterment emissaries of diplomatic schemes. of all mankind, 'heathen' and Chris- Their labors have no political signifi- tian. I know this, that if my lot in cance, and last but not least, if life were cast in England, France, I might be permitted to add, they or America, I should want to call have not interfered with or usurped myself a Christian, for that is the the rights of the territorial authori- religion of those countries; and a ties. . . . You have started numerous man who would order his life by educational establishments which its tenets would keep out of trouble have served as the best means to and be respected. He would not enable our countrymen to acquire a think of Confucius, because he would fair knowledge of the modern arts have no need for him or his teach- and sciences of the West. As for ings. And it is the same way, re- the material part of our constitution, versed, in China: I have no need for your societies have started hospitals Christ if I will but follow our own and dispensaries to save not only great sage and philosopher. But the souls but also the bodies of our simply because I feel no personal countrymen. I have also to add that call for the Christian religion, -I will in t11e time of famine in some of not therefore oppose it, since I be- the provinces, you have done your lieve that there are thousands, per-

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG

haps millions, in China who would be the visitors) said that all the native somewhat benefited by a knowledge Christians in a little mISSIOn at of Jesus, especially as they trouble Ketuki-the mission that had at first themselves not at all to follow in the sent the delegation to my sick-room ways directed by Confucius. There- with flowers-had talked about me fore, I would sum up the feelings every day since I was there, and had of the more intelligent officials and prayed to the Christian God for my literati to-day-for my own senti- recovery. ments appear to be largely shared by this class in all the eastern province:; "I took the medicines and had my from Canton to the northern Capital two visitors served with the nicest -it is the foreigner who is disliked, kind of boiled chicken, some chicken not because of his religion, but be- tongue on crackers, rice-cakes, and cause he is otherwise feared. He is tea. I wanted them to stay with me feared not at all in this year because for a few days, telling them that I he may be the agent of Jesus Christ would treat them well; but Mr. Sato or a follower of that great man, but said he was already almost sick unto as a possible enemy to the political death to get back home, and that he and industrial independence of the had once or twice nearly turned back, country." especially as his son was so lonely.

The book abounds in "human in- "When they were ready to go I terest." Is there anything in liter- gave them a big bundle of presents ature more touching than the follow- of all kinds for their friends back at ing extract from his diary in his old Ketuki, two hundred taels for the age when his health was feeble: mission, and as much more to re- imburse them for the outlay of the "July 28.-1 can not think that all journey. This last he did not want people are bad, even the worst of the to accept, saying that as he had Christians, for to-day I had an ex- funds sufficient to take him home he perience that makes me think that was fearful that the friends who outside of office and business, out- had sent him might not like it. But side of riches and honors, there are I prevailed upon him to take the small happenings which touch a money. man's heart, and make him feel that humanity is not all iron and gain and "I think this Christianity makes falsehood. For to-day this yamen, poor and lowly people bold and unwhich for twenty~four years had afraid, for before Mr. Sato and his been mine, was the destination of a boy left he wanted to know if they great mission such as never came might pray for me. I said they within the compound before. I nearly could, expecting that he meant when wept to receive them. Two native they got back home again; but he Christians all the way from that said something to the little son, and miserable town in Japan to bring they knelt right there at the door me here medicines for my head, and and said a prayer. I could not keep to see if I was getting better! I my heart from thumping in my wonder if this is because Christianity bosom as I watched that poor rna teaches such things? … Sato (one of and his frightened little boy prayinl', to God-the God that will deal with

me, and with them, and all man- Dynasty heaped extraordinary honors kind-that I might be well of my upon its distinguished subj ect, who, injuries. I was sorry to see them altho a pure Chinese, was loy~l to go. them to the end. If the arrogant "In this old yamen, which for and wilful Empress-Dowager .had twenty odd years was mine, strange been more amenable to her wise and scenes have been enacted, great faithful counselor, it would have councils held, and midnight confer- been better for her and for the ences affecting the whole world have dynasty which she represented. As taken place. I have received royal- it was, after her flight from the ties and dukes, ambassadors, minis- capital to escape the allied armies ters, murderers, robbers and beggars. who relieved the besieged foreigners Men have been sentenced to death and occupied the Imperial City, she from here; others have been made turned to him and besought him to glad with leases of lands, railroad save her the throne, and to extricate c<>ntracts, or the gift of public office. the Government from the ruin which But during each and every occur- threatened it. Li Hung Chang was rence, whatever its nature, I have then a very old man, seventy-eight, been complete master of my house and in feeble health; but he heroically and myself-until an hour ago. Then set himself to the herculean task.

it was that for the first time did I He pathetically wrote in his diary: believe the favor was being con- "I fear the task before me is too ferred upon me. . . . great for my strength of body, tho "Poor, good Mr. Sato, all the way I would do one thing more before I from Japan to offer a Christian call the earthly battle over. I would prayer for the 'heathen' old Viceroy! have the foreigners believe in us I did not know that anyone out- once more, and not deprive China of side my own family cared -enough her national life."

about me for such a thing. I do All the world knows how well he not love the Japanese, but perhaps succeeded. But the task was too Christianity would help them!" much for his health, and soon after Such an incident is worthy to be he had affixt his signature to the enshrined in the literature of the agreement with the powers of Europe world. It shows that the great and America, which ended the strug- Viceroy was, after all, a very human· gle and enabled the Empress-Dowager man as well as a very great one. to return to Peking, the aged Viceroy Altogether, this is a remarkable peacefully breathed his last. He book-one of the most remarkable, was at once the last statesman of we think, of the present day. It the old era in China and the first describes a character of whom no statesman of the new era. He mark- intelligent person can afford to be ed and personified the period of ignorant, a man who had an extra- transition, and the perspective of ordinary influence upon the develop- time is but lending added height to ment of China and the relations of the massive and dignified figure of China to the world: It is a fascin- China's greatest Viceroy of the ating book to read. The old Manchu Manchu Dynasty.

Unfinished Task in

BY REV. H. B. NEWELL, MATSUYAMA, JAPAN ~T HE "unfinished task" along the well-beaten paths without relates primarily to having looked into any of the . the task of nation- Christian churches or schools, which wide evangelization, in are really not hard to find. If many which all the churches travelers and commercial men fail ~ and the allied mission- to see evidences of Christian life ary bodies in Japan are enthusiastic- . and growth in Japan, there are, on ally interested, but which is as yet far the other hand, many whose interest from completed. opens their eyes to see these things, Two strange criticisms upon the and they return enthusiastic over Christian propaganda in Japan come what they have seen. It is easy to frequently to one's ears. One is note the evidences of material pro- that after a half century of work gress, as seen in railroads, steam- by the missionaries, no impression ships, telegraphs, trolleys, army, navy, whatever has been made, and that factories, foundries, schools, arts, they might better withdraw and stop agricultural pursuits and products; this waste of money. The other is but when it comes to discerning that Japan is already practically a spiritual progress and development, . Christian nation, and there is no the ancient words are still true for further need of sending foreign men many an observer, "he can not know and money to this enlightened and them, because they are spiritually progressive pe·ople. The mission- judged."

aries might therefore better go home The Struggle in'Japan and stop this useless expenditure of "Society, Religion, and Nature!

money. These are the three struggles of It is interesting to note how large man," says Victor Hugo; and in his the money problem bulks upon the trilogy of novels, "Notre Dame,"

horizon of both of these diametric- "Les Miserables," and "Toilers of ally opposite views. It might be the Sea," he depicts the three great interesting to study the underlying conflicts. To a nation no less than motives of these criticisms, but we to the individual comes this triple are concerned here with facts rather experience, which will be more or than with opinions, an9 the fact is less intense, according to the develop- that the truth lies about half way ment of the national consciousness.

between these two extreme opinions. Japan as a nation has a well-develop- Considerable impression has been ed cons.ciollsness, and it follows that made by Christianity, but Japan is her history records a struggle in yet far from being evangelized. these three fields that scarcely· finds On the average about eighteen a parallel elsewhere.

thousand people visit Japan every In her struggle with Nature she year. Of these many, possil?ly the has conquered a place of abode on majority, pass through the country these beautiful yet terril>]e islands

. that, for all their beauty, are subject "And may I, too, when thou those joys to the devastations of volcanic attain, eruptions, terrifying earthquakes, tidal waves, destructive floods and Live long to see thee blest:' desolating snow storms, and has Such the fond prayer that, like the rest- made of herself an agricultural nation of first rank. By her strug- less main, gle with society, she was first de- Will rise within my breast. veloped into a community fit to come at last into contact with the There is a deep significance in the nations of the ,earth from whom she fact that in the same breath in which had been isolated during the centuries the poet denies the necessity of of domestic conflict, and by which prayer he utters one spontaneously. she has succeeded in forging her From the very beginning Japan has way, until she has come into the been face to face with the religious front ranks of the nations of the problem. Shinto, Bushido, Confu- earth. cianism have each had their turn.

There is, however, the equally real During the fifty-five years, since struggle with Religion, the turmoil of the first' Protestant mIssIOnaries which has shaken at times the very entered Japan in r859, there have foundations of the Government, and come representatives of thirty-five which is to-day agitating the heart Protestant religious organizations, toof the nation. gether with Roman and Greek Cath- olics, all working in their various The whole background of Japanese way to make Japan a Christian national life is religious. Born amid nation. the mists of prehistoric antiquity, offspring of the same divine power The tabulated result of these vanthat formed the earth and the seas, ous efforts is briefly this: the forebears of the Japanese race began their life on earth, according Roman Catholic churches and chapels, to their ancient mythology. By this 232; membership, 66,689. same token, reinforced by the dicta of early and later poets, a halo of Greek Catholic churches and chapels, divinity has ever encircled the brow 265; membership, 32,246. of the imperial family not only, but has rested upon all the people. The Protestant churches and chapels, 2,110; assumed name of "The Land of the membership, 90,469. The Protestants Gods," even to-day not uncommonly also have 1,588 Sunday-schools, with used, indicates something of the 106,580 pupils, and 255 private schools atmosphere in which the Japanese of all grades, with 18,872 pupils. mind dwells. An ancient poem runs (in translation) thus: There IS thus an enumerated Japan is not a land where men need pray, Christian community of r89.404 members, about equally divided be- For 'tis itself divine. tween Catholic and Protestant, in a Yet would I lift my voice in prayer and total population of about fifty-five millions, or an average of one say, Christian to every 300, or one "Mayall good things be thine I Protestant to every 600 of popula- tion. If these statistics are any criterion it is evident that Japan has hardly been touched by the Gospel. Less than 200,000 nominal Christians

UNFINISHED TASK IN

out of 55,000,000 would seem to the idea that Christianity is an "Evil justify the critic's contention that Teaching," and are imprest with almost no impression has been made. the purity not only of the teaching itself, but of its teachers and pro- But statistics are often misleading, fessors (quite in contrast with what and unless read with a discerning they have been accustomed to see mind are practically worthless. One elsewhere). These are ready to grain of wheat out of every 600 accept J estls Christ as their ideal of seeds, one nugget of gold out of virtue, and to order their lives every 600 lumps of earth, one dia- according to His teaching, and yet, mond out of every 600 pebbles exam- they are not fully persuaded to cast ined, while proportionately small may in their lot with His church. It has mean great increase in wealth. One been estimated that at least a million hundred and ninety thousand men people in Japan belong to this class and women of living, active faith of "almosts." Should any situation set down in the midst of any nation arise to compel these to make the of any number of millions of popu- choice for or against the church, lation is a force to be reckoned with. they would unhesitatingly cross the Even if this were all that could be threshold. shown in Japan to-day as the result of fifty-five years of Christian pro- Another thing to consider is the pagandism, it could hardly be called quality of the membership of the a discreditable exhibition if the Christian church in Japan. It is the obstacles that have had to be over- glory of the church that her teachcome should be taken into consider- ings appeal to the humblest and most ation. It indicates a live, active and needy classes, but the appeal of progressive native church at work In Christianity is also finding a rethe community. sponse in the higher classes as well, up to "those of Ccesar's household." But it must be remembered that Widows and orphans, laborers and many things prevented large numbers merchants, students and teachers, of those who sympathize with the farmers and artizans, editors and Christian church and its ideals from statesmen, lawyers and bankers, actually becoming members. Family legislators and judges, men of the ties, social customs, religious per- army and navy, men of the railroad plexities, lack of opportunity, and a and the steamship, all meet together thousand and one difficulties present in the Christian· church in common themseh>;es, which are readily ap- fellowship. In the House of Repreparent to one who understands what sentatives-an elective body of about it means to step out from one religion 380 members-should the same prointo another-especially into one that portion of Protestant Christians prewas outlawed in the community for vail as was noted above in the comcenturies, and was spoken of with munity at large (viz., one in 600 of bated breath as "The Evil Teaching." population), only one such member So it happens that there is to-day could possibly be looked for here. standing at the threshold of the As a matter of fact, however, th~re Christian church a great company is always found a little· c.Qterie of those who have come to reject

of from twelve to twenty Christian Y.M.B.A., Y.W.B.A., and even Sun- members who have had sufficient day-schools and Buddhist Endeavor respect and confidence in their locali- Societies, and in the numerous at- ties to receive election. Moreover, tempts made to deduce a Buddhist at nine of the thirty sessions of Bible from the great mass of their Parliament, the presiding officer has_ sacred writings-the imitation ex- been a Christian. tending even to the style of type and A similar condition will be found printing and binding, with marginal also in the local Provincial Assem- notes and references. There is no blies, where sometimes the propor- denying the fact that Christianity is tion has been as high as one in seven influencing the thought and the or eight. method of the Buddhist world m The Japanese Christians are not Japan.

recluses, but are men active in all What Remains to Be Done the good walks of life. They are If there are approximately I80,000 interested in the legislation of the enrolled members of the churches in country, in the interpreting· of the Japan, there are still over fifty- laws, in education, and doing mnch four millions of people to be reached.

to build up a system of private In the words of the report of the schools from kindergarten to uni- recent National Conference held at versity grade, that shall give free Tokyo last April, "Approximately 80 play to the development of spiritual per cent. of the total population reside power, and not be shackled by the in rural districts, of which number tyranny of bald materialism. 96 per cent. constitute an entirely Not only has the more responsive unworked field. Of the remaining element of the nation shown that it 20 per cent. of popUlation residing in was profoundly imprest by Chris- cities and towns, about one-fifth is tian teaching and practise, but the still unprovided for; thus giving the more conservative bulk of Buddhism result that above 80 per cent. of the has not failed to give evidence that popUlation of Japan, or above forty it has felt the impact. If "imitation millions, are not being reached by- is the sincerest flattery," then one may the evangelistic forces…. A gi- judge something of the extent to gantic and yet most inspiring task, which this impact has been felt by therefore, still lies before us in the noting the avidity with which those Christianization of Japan, which of the Buddhist faith have taken up calls first of all for renewed humilia- the Christian methods of social ser- tioo, deeper consecration and a vice, in the more regular meetings larger life."

at the temples for preaching, in the For the accomplishment of this establishing of asylums and other "gigantic task" great reinforcements eleemosynary organizations hitherto are needed, amounting to four times unknown among them, in the found- the present number of Japanese ing of religious schools and theo- workers in order to give one worker logical (?) seminaries, in the adoption to 10,000 of popUlation, and twice of the Christian metbods of nomen- the present number of missionaries clature, which gives suc1r tenns as to give one to 60,000. To coordinatt;

UNFINISHED TASK IN

the whole work and secure the most Literature Society of Japan, which effective distribution of these Chris- has a comprehensive program artian forces, there is needed a definite ranged for attempting to supply the and comprehensive policy that shall need, but is greatly hampered for look toward a long future; also lack of funds. One of the importcloser cooperation and union in edu- ant things to be accomplished in cational and other forms of work Japan in the near future is the as well as the closest cooperation securing of an endowment fund for between the different Christian the advancement of the great work bodies in planning and carrying out of this Society. their evangelistic work. In this connection, journalism is There are signs that these con- another field that awaits the more ditions are to be met. Already there serious efforts of the Christian pen. is an organization known as the While there are many denominational Federation of Churches in Japan, papers and magazines published, and composed of churches that comprise while many of the editors of Japan's four-fifths of the Protestant Chris- daily papers are Christian men, yet tians, and indications now point to there is need of a thoroughgoing a time in the near future when the Christian daily newspaper that shall other one-fifth shall enter the organ- discuss current events from the ization and cooperate in this work of Christian standpoint, report fully and common interest. unbiasedly the Christian Movement in Japan, and in the world at large, 'For the more efficient work in and provide a high grade of reading evangelization there is need of better matter for use in the family. training for both missionary and native worker. A beginning has beel] Perhaps the greatest things yet to made here in the recent reorganiza- be accomplished in Japan wiII be tion of the Language School at along educational lines. More Chris- Tokyo, where better and more com- tian schools are needed, of all grades prehensive courses are now offered and for both sexes, and all to be to the new missionaries at the thresh- supplemented by a Christian Univerold of their work; and in the recent sity of the first rank. There are movements toward cooperation in signs that the Government is weaktheological teaching which give prom- ening in its opposition to the general ise of greater efficiency and better principle of private schools, and of results. Much more is expected Christian schools in particular, and along these lines. There remains to is assuming a more favorable attitude be developed a great and systematic toward Christian education. The body of Christian literature that shall general public also is coming to apcommand the interest and the respect preciate the need of religious inof the reading public at large, and fluence in the moral education of that shall rightly interpret the Chris- the young, and to recognize the good tian life and experience, and give moral influence that Christianity direction to religious and theological exerts in its schools. What remains thought. A beginning has been made to be done is to remove all the in the organization of the Christian ancient prejudices of both Govern-

ment and people by some positive, The Church of Christ in Japan pragmatic exhibition on a large scale needs to-day, more than ever before, of the beneficent influence of a com- the sympathy and the prayers of plete education, from kindergarten Christendom. The same problems to university, gained away from the that face society in every land are present materialistic surroundings of in evidence here-problems relating the public schools, and within the to intemperance, the soCial evil, healthful and refining atmosphere of divorce, labor and capital, factory Christian influence. So great is tbe conditions, female and child labor, seeming necessity of such a Christian and such like. In spite of all criti- university that it is safe to say that cisms against the church, it remains until it is forthcoming the ultimate true that, notwithstanding its numer- success of Christianity in Japan can ical weakness, there is no society in not be predicted. A beginning in this the Empire that can compare with it direction has been made at Kyoto, in its purity of motives and of life, where the historic Doshisha, founded and in its persistent efforts through by Dr. Niishima, has been advanced social. service to benefit the whole to a university, and where over one community. More and more it is thousand students in all departments feeling the immense responsibility are now gathered within this positiv~ that is resting upon it, a responsi- Christian environment; but something bility that was greatly augmented by Idrger and more appealing than this the Three Religions Movement, in- is needed. augurated in I9II, when the Govern- Japan and America ment gave its first favorable recog- Somewhat apart from the problem nition to Christianity.

of evangelizing Japan, and yet in- In the ancient struggle Buddhism timately connected 'with it, is the largely replaced Shinto, because it question of friendly and intimate had something superior to offer.

relations between that country and Then Buddhism lost a large segment the United States. One of the great of its devotees, because Confucianism things yet to be accomplished is the could offer something more satisfying getting rid of the strange misunder- to the reason, if not to the heart, and standings and the petty prej udices Christianity is bound to win its way that now disfigure the relations of because of the real value of what it these two nations, whose mutual wel- has to offer toward the satisfaction fare is so closely linked together, of the cravings of the human heart and who ought to join hands as man to find the living God, whom Shinto with man and walk together as veils, Buddhism denies, and Con- brethren. Happily, many efforts are fucianism ignores. If not ":in this now being made toward bringing generation," yet in God's own good about a better understanding and time, as the truth in Jesus Christ relationship; and the accomplishment becomes known in Japan through His of this desired result wiII go far human agents and through the Holy toward depriving the anti-Christian Spirit, He will surely "draw all men forces in Japan of their ammunition. unto Him."

UP GOOD MONEY IN BADD

One o f the colored posters used by the reformers in fighting the c1iggaaret evil in China Moral and Social Reform in China BY E. W. THWING, rEKINGG, CHINA Oriennttaa1l Secretary of the International Reform Bureau II1jC1]]HINA is passing bring the people of all parts of the through a time of country into close touch, as never great awakening. The before. These new impulses can . upheaval that has led therefore act directly upon millions . to the change of the of people. government of four hundred millions of people, from a Changing Social Custom. monarchy to a republic, can not be without lasting effects on the nation. Modern education in China is in- Many new forces have been put into troducing many changes among the operation, and . altho China to-day social customs of the people, especimay be in a sort of flux,, yet these ally among the younger generatiiOo!lI}J. forces are molding the people, and There is now considerable talk in the social life and thought are bound to newspapers against early marriages flow in many new channels. and others are advocating an acquain- tance between the young people The moral and social reform before marriage. Many of the rising movements are not of less import- students are objecting to having this ance than the political ones. The matter managed entirely by parents Chinese postal and telegraph service and "go-betweens." Semi-foreign

marriage ceremonies are now being cheap foreign whisky is being sold held in Peking and in the port cities. in the south as low as two dollars a case. Many of the modern Chinese The dress of the people is also believe that no feast or banquet can changing. Foreign hats and shoes are be complete without foreign liquors. worn very generaliy by the men among On the other hand, Temperance students and 'merchants in the large Societies are being organized in cities, and many modern school girls various places. Many of the churches are proud of their foreign hats and are taking a strong stand, and are daintily colored hair ribbons. urging their members to give up entirely the use of intoxicating The anti-foot-binding movement, liquors. It is unfortunate that the altho not yet strong in the interior missionary body is not a unit on this among the uneducated people, is still question. The HIoman's Wark, having large influence in the prin- published in Shanghai, has a special cipal cities. In most of the best department devoted to Temperance, girls' schools foot-binding is looked and some C1:tinese publications also upon with disapproval, and a number give considerable space to this reform. of newspapers have not only pub- The danger is great, and far more lished articles on the folly of the attention should be given to Temcustom, out have printed pictures, perance work in the line of, "Preshowing the crippled and crusht feet ventative Medicine." The beer halls of the women with the ~'golden and the prevalence of liquor drinking lilies." This movement will mean in Japan lead one to fear for the much for the true advancement of future of China. Missionary work- China. The Chinese say: "For each ers may well give much attention to pair of bound feet there has been this matter before conditions become shed a tubful of tears." Not only as bad as they are in the Island has this custom brought untold Empire. misery and suffering to millions of China's little girls, but it has dealt Cigareta and Morphine a great blow to the proper companionship of men and women, and Cigarets and morphine are two has kept China backward. No nation great pests which have been introthat keeps women in degradation duced into China in comparatively and ignorance can expect to .be modern times. As the Chinese say, strong. Now, however, the natural "Before the big black devil of opium foot movement is gaining in influence is disposed of the little white devils and is one of the signs of China's of cigarets and morphine are progress. coming in." Altho cigarets have only been used in China, to any extent, Temperance Work during the last twelve years, yet it is said that China now uses more While China's efforts to suppress cigarets than the people of the opium, and her remarkable successes United States. The British-American are surprizing the whole world, West- Tobacco Company has been' flooding ern intoxicants are coming into China in a most systematic way with China's ports in such large quantities this pestiferous article, which China as to present a very grave danger. Reports have been received that

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN CHINA

can ill afford to buy. The slogan bacco Company to be a Government of this company is "a cigaret in the concern. It is estimated now that mouth of every man, woman, and the Chinese spend more than twentychild in China." They spend some five million dollars (gold) per year two million dollars a year alone for for cigarets. An agent of the comadverti3ing, and spare no pains to pany said to me, "We aim to make introduce their goods. They give our cigaret business the largest busilarge salaries, and employ many ness in China; there is big money in graduates of American universities it." In 1912 the company reported and colleges, as well as many Chin- returns of 37 per cent. on their capital ese students from the mission-schools. in trat one year. Last year it was A missionary in Shantung, while more than 27 per cent. One often traveling recently on the railroad, sees little boys and girls from six to BURNING $10,000 (MEX.) WORTH OF OPIUM IN PEKING The opium was burned in nine. large iron kettles, and opium pipes and outfits were destroyed, by order of the Government, February, 1914. $50,000 worth was also recently destroyed in Fuchan.

met another gentleman whom he eight years old, or even younger, supposed to be a missionary. After puffing away at these cigarets. talking awhile the missionary asked, "What is your work?" and received The morphine habit is even morc the reply, "Oh, I am in educational injurious than the cigarets. Seven work." When they reached the next tons of morphia are manufactured town the gentleman said that he was every year in Edinburgh, much of getting off to give away cigarets, as which is sent to China. Besides that he was educating the people in the which is sold directly to China we habit of smoking. The name America are informed that three and a half is connected all over China with the tons are sold to the Japanese. They picture of a great "pirate" adver- manufacture the needles, and sell or tisiilg a brand of cigarets. Many smuggle large quantities of both Chinese seeing the "great American," needles and morphia into China. which is a part of the name often There is 100 per cent. profit in used in their signs, believe the To- this business. Missionaries report seeing poor victims, with their arms

or legs covered with sores and scabs the temptation for "squeeze" may from the use of the needle. It is have been stronger than the desire hoped that the coming Hague con- to stamp out opium, yet on the whole ference will ratify the opium agree- the Chinese have shown a fixt ment and do something to put an determination to overcome this evil. end to this morphine traffic. Nearly a year ago, at the invi- A report just at hand states that tation of The International Reform the Ministry of the Interior has Bureau, a National Opium Conferdrawn up a new set of regulations, ence was held in Peking. Official prohibiting students, soldiers, women representatives of most of the Provand children from smoking cigarets. inces met at this gathering. It re- These regulations were to be en- sulted in the formation of a National forced from April first, and punish- Opium Prohibition Union, which has ment will be meted out to the done good work through the year offenders against these new rules. under the splendid leadership of China may well take steps at once General L. Chang. The Union also to preserve her children from this sent General Chang as its represenevil. tative to England to bring the mes- sage of the Chinese people and to Anti-Opium Campaign urge speedy opium prohibition. The Reform Bureau has been enabled, The greatest of all the Chinese by the courtesy of the Chinese Govreforms is the campaign against ernment, tp keep in constant teleopium. China has already made re- graphic touch with the Governors of markable progress in opium prohi- the various Provinces. Some hunbition, for both the people and the dreds of telegrams have been sent, Government have taken great interest urging prohibition, pointing out the in the question. The fact that during weak places, and giving suggestions the past year there have been more for practical work. Many telegraphic public opium burnings than ever replies have been received, showing before, shows how sincerely the a spirit of appreciation and a desire effort has been to put down opium. on the part of China for real co- operation in the great Anti-Opium The cultivation of poppy has also Campaign. been supprest vigorously, and in some places with the aid of soldiers. There are many indications that Some Provinces, like Kweichow and the work is to be earnestly prest Kansuh, have taken special steps to forward. The Ministry of the Inprevent future poppy cultivation. terior has just sent telegrams ~o the Special presidential orders have been Governor-Generals and Civil Governissued against the growth of the ors of the various Provinces, orderpoppy, also urging strict enforcement ing that poppy cultivation must be of opium prohibition. The Pro- strictly prohibited, all poppy plants vincial Governors have, as a rule, found must be uprooted, and the taken a strong stand against this reports of the destruction of poppy evil. In spite of the distractions of fields must be investigated and cona second rebeIlion, the Government firmed. Should any report prove to be has kept straight on in opium prohibition, and altho in certain places

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN

false, the local magistrate will be Chinese and foreign merchants) has severely punished. Kansuh was the been a serious hindrance to China's worst province for the cultivation of efforts at prohibition. Through the the poppy last year. About a week ago efforts of the opium trust there, and the Reform Bureau sent a telegram because of the strong measures taken to the Governor of that Province by China to restrict the production of strongly urging that, as now was the the native drug, the value of this time of planting, strong action should foreign opium has greatly increased. be taken to prevent the recurrence During the past three months, the· THE FIGHT AGAINST OPIUM IN CHINA A cartoon showing the arrest of an opium-smoker and the confiscation of his outfit of the conditions of last year. A price has riven from about T4,OOO Reuter's telegram, published to-day, per chest to about T7,o00 per chest. states that severe measures are being The increase in number of opium taken to prevent further planting of shops in the foreign settlements of the poppy, and selling or smoking Shanghai is another discouraging of opium. It also states that on feature, but China is bound to push March 6th, at the province capital, the work forward. A report just at Lanchow, two thousand ounces of hand states that the opium traders opium were seized by the authorities, are becoming alarmed and the price and were publicly burned. of opium has suddenly dropt T1,OOO per chest. (Tr,ooo is equal The presence of large stocks of to about I,{OO Mexican dollars or opium in Shanghai (something like about $700 U. S. gold). The strong 13,000 or 14,000 chests, held by

action of the Chinese Government suffering from the serious effects of and the expected ratification of The the depreciation of bank notes, we Hague Opium Agreement is giving will not seek to suit our temporary the opium traders no little concern. convenience by suggesting the revival If China can only keep firm in her of gambling." prohibition efforts she may save $IOO,(X)(),(X)() of her people's money. The President recently issued a In that case the opium in Shanghai presidential order, prohibiting any would have to be returned to the gambling by officials. The President, source from which it came. in many of his orders, has strongly emphasized the importance of good The Movement Against Gambling character, virtue and social reform. Altho these things can not be at- There has been a general move~ tained without a renewing of the ment against the gambling evil heart, yet China's efforts in this throughout China since the establish~ direction are worthy of special attenment of the republican form of tion. The missionary work, through government. Gambling is recognized more than one- hundred years among as one of the great evils in this the people of this nation, is bringing country. At a recent opium burn~ the real salt which will make vital ing, held north of Peking, quite ;J and effective these reforms which number of gambling cards and other the Chinese really desire. accessories, which had been seized by' the police, were burned with the China at this changing period has opium. A telegram from Canton, many social problems to meet, ane! which reached Peking a few days the difficulties in the way are many, ago, is strongly opposed to the plan but there are many good men who to allow gambling again III that believe in so~ial and moral reform, Province. The ·telegram is from and they will help forward an era seventy~two Canton Guilds, and says: of progress among the millions of "The total suppression of gambling China. What has already been in the Kuangtung Province has been successfully accomplished in the fight effected through our strenuous against opium shows what the people efforts. Altho we are at present and the Government together can do in any reform movement.

A CHINESE VIEW OF FOREIGNERS This "old school" Chinese gentleman's description of "civilized" customs will be appreciated: "You can not civilize these foreign devils. They are beyond redemption. They will live for weeks and months without touching a mouthful of rice, but they eat the £les h of bullocks and sheep in enormous quantities. That is why they smell so bad. Their meat is not cooked in small pieces, but is carried into the room in large chunks, often half raw, and they cut and tear it apart. They eat with knives and prongs, so that one fancies himself in the presence of sword swallowers. They even walk the streets and sit down at the same tabl e with women. Yet the women are to be pitied for on festive occasions they are dragged around the room halfdrest to the accompaniment of the most fiendish music."-Indian Witness.

of Dawn In

Africa * A REVIEW OF A BOOK BY REV. J. H. I~ARRIS HE old order changeth, question IS settled, and the peace of Europe is assured, but sooner or I lTI givingplace to the new." later a re-shaping of the African Of no other period in colonies seems ordained.

the history of modern The so-called "Dark Continent" is seething with unrest, and the natives civilization could this be in many parts are awakening to the . said with greater truth needs of a larger life of opportunity. Rev. John H. Harris recently made a from a political point of view, than s,ooo-mile journey through Western equatorial Africa and he gained some of the first twelve years of important facts about industrial con- ditions and the prospects for the the twentieth century. The rise of future of the subject races. He has relied on natives and traders for his the Chinese Republic can only be re- facts rather than on information ob- tained from official circles. "A habit garded as the forerunner of even which I fear has sometimes entailed the appearance of discourtesy, but I greater political upheavals in the know how reticent the merchant com- munities are, no less than the native, Orient. Japan, still dizzy with the even the most untutored of them, if they see a man or woman holding wine of victory, can not be expected friendly relations with the powers that be. This method of investiga- to remain long inactive, or to confine tion I have always pursued, with the result that information of the utmost her restless energies to her own bor- value has been supplied." And we may add that for this reason, among ders, performing a mere sentinel duty others, Mr. Harris's work is of unique value as a true representation at the gateway of the East. 'While cer- of present-day conditions in Africa.

tain Powers in Europe are seeking an Before he entered missionary work, the author was connected with an im- opportunity for Colonial expansion, portant commercial house in London, which, among other advantages, gave how long will the Republican States of South America, already so largely dominated by German influence, be permitted to maintain their political integrity under the shelter of the Monroe Doctrine?

It has been stated on good author- ity that for some months previous to the outbreak of war between the Balkan States and Turkey, certain eminent European statesmen were busily engaged in rearranging the map of Africa in the interests of one or another Great Power. These con- templated changes will probably not be attempted until the Turkish-Balkan "Dawn in Darkest Africa" is a work of importance on present conditions, by John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. Introduction by The Earl of Cromer. (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York,)

him a large insight into foreign and long and is at last beginning to coionial questions. He has also been realize his strength. At present Britbrought in touch with public men and ain leads the way in giving the statesmen, like ex-President Roose- native the fullest scope for his abilivelt, Sir Edward Grey, Sir Harry ties. In British and Portuguese Johnston and others, and is, there- colonies alone in West Africa, has fore, unusually well equipped to re- the free native the chance of attaining view African problems from the state3- the full stature of a man. In German men's and the native's standpoint. and French tropical territories the native is there, not as a citizen, but Geographically speaking, Africa is merely as a necessary adjunct to the no longer "The Dark Continent." production of wealth for the white Every river and forest has been ex- man. How long will he be content plored, every desert crossed, and with this position is a question, and nearly every tribe is known and can the evidences of a coming change are be located. Furthermore, nearly everywhere apparent." Mr. Harris every foot of territory is for the pres·· regrets that the Africa which he has ent under the control of some foreign known, and even loved, is being power. Yet signs are not wanting "hustled away" and that soon the that a change of rulers is imminent rivers, forests and tribes will have when nations seeking colonial expan- lost the mystery which gave them sion, by trading or purchase, will charm. Commerce, too, is undergoing be enabled to extend their African changes, and the trader who went possessions. forth single-handed to conquer, to bring the wilderness in touch with "In fifty years," writes Mr. Harris, civilization, "has given place to the "the map of Africa will bear little re- soulless corporation, with directors semblance to that of to-day. And who are mere machines for registerwhat of the natives? Are they to ing dividends." have no voice in their destiny?" While the rights of the native tribes In no part of Africa have there are never considered by the eminent been greater changes than in the statesmen who are rearranging Kong-o. Only a few years ago this Africa, it is evident that the natives vast territory was a disgrace to civilin many parts of the continent have ized Europe. Under Leopold the their own views on the subject of population was reduced from 20,000,- being bartered and exchanged at the 000 to 8,000,000. The ruinous methwill of foreign nations. Mr. Harris ods employed in gathering rubber and notes that in West Africa they are the wanton destruction of elephants awakening to the fact, that education for their ivory showed that the is a mightier power than arms. Leopo1dian policy was as ruinous from "Education is advancing by leaps and a humanitarian standpoint. The author bounds, and the more virile colonies of the present work believes that the are producing strong men, who will Kongo is too big for Belgium to make themselves felt before many manage alone; that she is not strong years have passed over our heads. enough to carry out the reforms The African is shaking himself free which she is sincerely anxious to from the shackles he has worn so

OF DAWN IN DARKEST

make. Some of the most flagrant might well envy their fellows in Por- abuses have been rectified, but as tuguese Africa. Alongside of inti- long as the Government itself is inter- mate social relations with the natives ested in commercial enterprises the is a widespread plantation slavery in main causes for these abuses will Angola, San Thome, and Principe." exist. Old officials experienced in the methods that obtained in Leopold's In Angola half of the population is day are still employed, and the author said to be living under some form of is of the opinion that they keep out slavery, and before the eyes of the Belgian administrators of a higher Governor, the Bishop, and high offitype. Moreover, such radical reforms cials are to be found "bridewells" for as the condition of the Kongo de- the production of slaves, where they mands, can only be effected at a cost are bred after the methods of the perhaps heavier than the Belgian tax- stock-farm. "In San Thome the conpayers would be found willing to pay. tracted laborer from Angola is a For these, and other reasons, Mr. slave; he calls himself a slave, and the Harris believes the Kongo territories Mozambique free man holds him in too heavy a burden for Belgium to contempt as a slave; either he was bear, and suggests that Germany captured, or purchased on the mainshould take over the greater part, land with cash by the plantation also a portion of French Kongo, con- owner, just as men purchase cattle, ceding, "an adequate quid pro quo to or capture wild animals." France." Of the pathetic, the tragic features Slavery in the Portuguese Possessions of slavery in the Portuguese colonies Mr. Harris has many deeply moving Portuguese West Africa presents stories to tell. He was not content to many anomalous conditions which are accept "the reports of others, or hearnot found in any other colonies of the say evidence, but personally investi- Dark Continent. Here the native gated the slave question for himself. races are accorded the best and the One story which he heard from the worst treatment. "The best for the lips of a poor bond-woman is but one free native, the best for the educated of many. colored man, and the best for the colored woman. In every other "She had not been long on the colony-and in this respect the British coast, for only a few months ago she colonies are becoming the worst- had for the first time witnessed the race prejudice not only prevails, but is Atlantic breakers tossing themselves on the increase. In the Portuguese with impetuous fury on that strip colonies there is a pleasing ·absence of rocky shore. The hour was that of race prejudice; natives of equal of the mid-day rest and the woman social status are as freely admitted to was sitting sadly apart from the other Portuguese institutions as white men; laborers. A glance at her attitude, the hotels, the railways, the parks, coiffure, and other characteristics and roads possess no color-bar. If the rendered her a somewhat singular Portuguese colonies could be purged figure in that group. Somewhere in of their foul blot of slavery, the Central Africa those cicatrized arms, natives of the other African colonies that braided hair, had a tribal home.

"'True white man I have come

from far; from the land of great as so much waste paper. Portuguese rivers and dark forests.' statesmen have unwillingly acknowl- " 'How were you enslaved?' I asked. edged that the power of vested " 'They charged me with theft and interests in the colonies can nullify then sold me to another tribe, and every attempt made by the govern- they in turn to a black trader. This ment to introduce reforms. Such be- man drove me for many moons along ing indisputably the case it seems the great road until a white man at impossible that Great Britain should D – – – bought me and sent me. continue an alliance with a' Power here. Where am I going now? Who "which by a persistent violation of can tell. I suppose I shall be sold to international obligations exposes not another planter.' " only herself, but her ally, to a defense Torn from family and friends she of slavery and, the slave trade."

had been nearly ten months marching The all-important question of the down to the coast, a distance from "repatriation" of the slaves is dis- her tribe in the Kongo of not less cust in detail by Mr. Harris and than 1,500 miles. deserves more consideration than we Mr. Harris describes the rise of a are able to give it in this article. It great slave-owner, who from being a is of course claimed by the planters ragged urchin running about the that their human chattels are much streets of San Thome now owns better off working for them, than if elegant mansions in three European they were returned to their old capitals and is the sovereign lord over homes. Also, they argue, many of the thousands of slaves. He lives in laborers have forgotten the districts almost regal state, the center of a from which they were originally "re- crowd of admiring sycophants and cruited" and they might come under parasites who give no thought to the evil influences, and perhaps starve, if miserable creatures who toil in blood dumped down on the main land. It and tears to enrich their master. is true the "repatriation" question From 5 :30 in the morning until sun- presents many difficulties, but Mr.

set the wretched human chattels labor Harris believes they are not insur- in the tropic heat, cultivating cocoa. mountable, and by no means so nu- "That their master may fare sump- merous as the planters try to make tuously every day in Europe, and out. "Repatriation" was begun tenta- finance dethroned royalty, which is tively in the year 1908, not always not ashamed to use these ill-gotten with the happiest results, but this funds in half-hearted endeavors to was owing, says our author, to the regain a discredited crown." barbarous and inhuman methods em- Why, it is often asked, does the ployed.

Government of Portugal, so loud and It has been mooted in high quarters vehement in proclaiming its devotion that Portugal's treatment of the na- to human freedom, permit slavery to tives demands the transfer of her exist? The answer always is, that African territories to some such pro- the colonies are beyond the Govern- gressive power as Germany, for a ment's control. The planters treat financial consideration. Mr. Harris "regulations" sent out from the Tagus expresses a doubt that the natives

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 689~

would fare any better under German Church at least belongs the honor of rule than they do now, for while a having saved 011 the spot the Kongo number of colonial Portuguese are natives from extermination." slave-owners and traders "the Portuguese have a kindly nature, to which One curious and interesting fact we can appeal, and signs are not noted by this author is that the mawanting of an awakening of the con- jority of administrators and commersCience of the Portuguese nation in a cial men hold in a measure of conmanner which may lead to a thorough tempt the Protestant missionary, while cleansing of the colonial possessions his Catholic brethren are generally of the Republic." esteemed. This attitude, Mr. Harris believes, is owing to th~ fact that the Germany, says our author, is in Catholic missionary is more diplomatic many respects a progressive power, in his relations with traders and but she has never shown any philan- administrators; he is more genial; "a thropic consideration for the well- good fellow" where his Protestant being of the native races. A single confrere may be bluff, unbending and word from Germany signifying a somewhat puritanical. The Protestant· willingness to cooperate with Great missionaries are free to criticize admin- Britain during the Kongo agitation, istrations, e;'pose iniquities and opwould have saved thousands, if not pressions, which the Catholic fathers millions, of lives. That word was are not allowed to do. The crime of never spoken; the Kongo tribes were the Kongo was exposed by Protestant left to perish, and German public missionaries on the spot, tho the opinion maintained a cynical attitude Catholics far outnumbered them, and to the end. the same could be said of the atroci- ties in the French Kongo and the Portugal has declared very em- slavery in the island of St. Thome. phatically, that she will not part with The author believes that this antipher ancient colonies, but unless she athy toward Protestant missionaries begins at once to purge her adminis- is likely to become more marked in tration and abolish slavery, there is the future. every reason to believe that she will be forced to do so. In other words The highly organized syndicate, she must "Get on, or get out." which has replaced to a large degree the old-time trader, has sufficient The Progress of Christian Minion. power and influence at home and abroad to threaten and coerce any "Of all the forces which have made administration. "The missionary, bold for real progress in West Africa," in his isolation, knowing no higher writes Mr. Harris, "Christianity authority than his own highly temstands, some say first, others second, pered conscience, willing, if need be, but none can place it last. To it to suffer any extremity, is bound to belongs primarily, in point of time at find himself more and more in conflict teast, the economic prosperity of the with the exploiting energy of these Gold Coast. To it belongs, almost vigorous dividend-seekers. This conentirely, the credit for the native fEct is of course an excellent tonic for clerks, and educated men of the Coast. the church, but it makes the lot of To one section of the Christian

these isolated men and women in ing of the value of Medical Missions Central Africa much harder to bear." in the African field. No other agency, In his review of Christian progress, he believes, is quite so effective in Mr. Harris says, that few gains have establishing friendly relations with the been made in the far hinterland of natives as the work of the medical the Sierra Leone Protectorate, the missionary. Every cure that is effected Northern Territories of the Gold speaks more eloquently to the native Coast, or in Northern Nigeria. "In than many sermons or ethical dis- the Sierra Leone Colony where slaves courses, and makes him very receptive liberated during a period of 50 years to Christian teaching.

were dumped down as they were re- In recent years Protestant Missions leased from British battleships, Chris- have successfully carried on industrial tianity has permeated fairly complete- and commercial enterprises in the ly the life and habits of the people; interest of the natives. At Abeokuta nearly two-thirds of the population are all the public buildings of that fine nominally Christian, while the heathen city were erected by the Christian number less than one-tenth. In the Industrial School. In the Gold Coast Gold Coast the Basel Mission alone, the German Basel Mission leads the has more than 30,000 adherents who way among Industrial Missions. Here find about $25,000 for mission ex- the Commercial Section includes penses. Another notable and interest- Industrial· Training Institutes, and ing fact is, that the natives have in- nothing could be more pleasing, says vested in the Mission School Bank Mr. Harris, than the energy and over $r r 5,000, a larger amount than interest displayed by the natives who they have placed with the Govern- devote themselves to cabinet-work, ment, showing the confidence the coach-building and agricultural pur- natives have in the Christian Church suits, but the main activities of this as a depository. department are those of the ordinary In Southern Nigeria half the popu- African merchant, with the exception lation is Mohammedan, very tenacious that the agents are forbidden to sell of their faith, and noted for their spirituous liquors. This branch of the piety and simple life; an altogether work is conducted by 23 "mercantile superior class. Christian advance is missionaries" with very satisfactory opposed in the more northern terri- results. The white men are assisted tory by officialdom, on the ground of by colored men in charge of the possible trouble with the Mohammedan branches, and who on Sundays may community. Below Nigeria and south be found teaching in the Bible Schools of the Niger Delta, Paganism is ram- and preaching at the out-stations of pant, while Mohammedanism does not the Mission. The income from the exist. "A paganism" says our author industrial work and the manufactures "so broken by the forces of civilization, must almost, if not completely, cover so rent, and riven by internal mistrust the Mission's expenditures. "Its gene- that the masses of the people are cry- ral business operations," writes the ing out: 'Who will show us any author, "splendid educational institu- good?'" tions, its devoutly spiritual atmos- Mr. Harris is enthusiastic in speak- phere, combine in forming one of the

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 6g1

greatest, if not the greatest, force for colonies; the natives contributing an progress in the Gold Coast Colony. increasing sum to the British Society, But the price has to be paid, for, ac- which gives a "return" in cash from cording to the Acting Governor, 'the the Native Christian Community of highest death-rate was among the the Portuguese Colonies of over $150,- missionaries.' " 000 per annum, or an average of $1.06 per head throughout the Of the 550 missionaries who have churches. labored to spread the Gospel in West Africa, over 170 found an To the author the future of Chrisearly grave, some of them living tianity in West Africa is bright with only a few days, being stricken down promise, but he also recognizes that almost on the day of their arrival in its progress is beset with many danthe field. Of these noble martyrs to gers. In early years missionaries subthe cause of Christ, the author says, ordinated everything to the actual "These men and women were not work of preaching, but experience has only the matured youth of their shown that the native preacher if countries, but they were compelled t·o properly trained can carry the mespass the most rigid medical examina- sage further than the white man tion prior to their acceptance by the could ever hope to reach, while his Missionary Boards. They were indeed mastery over the native tongue gives the flower of the Christian Church." him an immense advantage. As the Appalling as the mortality has been result of this spreading the Gospel among these chosen ones, they did largely through native preachers, the not die in vain, but that many might whole of the riverine systems of be lifted out of the darkness that Central Africa are being brought shrouded their lives, into the glory under the influence of Christianity. infinite that lights the pathway of The bush native no longer clings to those that love the Lord. Paganism, and if not a Mohammedan calls himself a Christian, tho his Without giving 111 detail Mr. manner of living may be of the most Harris's interesting statistics that immoral description. show the results of missionary labor in West Africa a few figures may On the dangers that threaten the be of interest. For Sierra Leone, future of Christianity in West Africa Nigeria, Gambia, Gold Coast, Kongo and other parts of the continent, Mr. and Angola the total number of adhe- Harris presents some striking facts: rents (known members and communicants) is given as 214,50I; scholars, "Already in several colonies the na- 79,861; annual native contributions, tives are restive under an inadequate $163,395. white control and leadership. Edu- cated in the principles of liberty, but These estimates do not exhibit the without much respect for, or belief in, wide interest displayed by the natives the nobler tenets of the Christian in Christianity, which is shown in faith, they are breaking away from their considerable purchase of the Church Government and forming Scriptures. The British Bible Socie- themselves into Christian communities ties ship thousands of pounds' worth in which personal desire 1S never of Bibles every year to the different allowed to conflict with accepted

standards of ethics. One day I visited one seceding church in West Africa a leading 'Christian' in a certain claims a membership of over 10,000 colony; he showed me round the adults." district, took me over his delightful little farm, pointed out his model Mr. Harris is far from being an dwellings, etc.; then I inspected a alarmist, but he foresees that unless building with three compartments, the missionary societies can supply a and was informed that one section sufficient number of men to check the was used as a gin store, the middle spread of this movement, all Central section for prayer meetings and in the Africa may be brought under "the third the man kept his wives! All influence of a form of Christianity this, he boldly asserted, could be which for many years will be a justified by reference to the Scrip- caricature of the religion of Jesus tures. I was not prepared to con- Christ. The only hope, and happily a test the assertion, because my host probable development, is that the religclaimed his own conscience as the ious wave which is now sweeping final arbiter of. interpretation. The irresistibly across the central region, extent to which these secessions may will be followed by an ethical wave, go, can be gathered from the fact that which will give the 'Light eternal' to the Dark Continent."

TO GIVE IS TO LIVE The sun is forever pouring its gold The seas lend silvery rays to the On a hundred worlds that need to borrow; land, The land its sapphire streams to His warmth he squanders on sum- mits cold, the ocean; The heart sends blood to the brain His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. of command, To give The brain to the heart its light- Is to live. ning motion; The flower shines not for itself at all, And over and over we yield our breath Its joy IS the joy it freely diffuses; Till the mirror is dry and images death. Of beauty and balm it is prodigal, And it lives in the life it freely To live loses; Is to give.

No choice for the rose but glory ·Dead is the hand that IS not open or doom, wide To exhale or smother, to wither or bloom. To help the need of a human To deny Is to die. brother; He doubles the length of his life- long ride 'Who gives of his fortunes to help another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. -Selected.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OPENING THE FALL CAMPAIGN fJV ACATION days are over, The command to ~'Go forward" was ~ and the busy world is preceded by the command to "Stand preparing to run at full speed once more. The still." This is the true order. Pente- Church, no less than the cost followed a season of united prayer – world, is ready to take up and supplication in the upper room. ] t its work with new vigor. is "not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts," There is no better time (with the that great works are accomplished, great possible exception of the First of victories won. January) for overhauling old methods and inaugurating new ones. Nine or In view of this, the best possible ten months of almost uninterrupted plan for opening the fall campaign is opportunity lie ahead before the next the holding of a "Quiet-Hour Service" long vacation. No missionary organ- in which those whose hearts are filled ization should enter upon it in hap- with longing to see God's kingdom hazard fashion with nothing definite prosper, may come together to plead planned. A carefully thought-out cam- HiS' promises and claim their fulfilment. paign tends to multiply results and Such a meeting need not be large. Its make them great and lasting. A right success is not at all dependent on beginning is of the utmost importance. numbers. A few earnest souls with hearts on fire for God can call down A Quiet-Hour Service the coveted blessing. This is a plan The best preparation for a season that has been tested again and again of service is a quiet waiting before God by the Best Methods Editor in different . for guidance of the Holy Spirit. Before organizations, and never once has it making any plans whatever we should failed to bring a blessing. ask God to reveal His will and show us just what He would have us to do. Praying or Planning Otherwise we may "run before we are sent." This is one of the gravest errors BY JESSIE ANDREWS of the present generation of Christian workers. Only when we are doing a We plan and plan, then pray God-appointed work in God's own way That God may bless our plan. can we be sure of results that abide. "I never ask God to bless my plans," So runs our dark and doubtful way, said a religious leader at a conference That scarce shall lead unto the day- some time ago. His fellow workers were shocked and demanded an explanation. So runs the life of man! "It is true," he repeated with 'emphasis. But, hearken! God saith, "Pray!" "I never ask God to bless my plans. I ask Him to reveal His plans and bless me And He will show His plan, in trying to carry them out." And lead us in His shining way That leadeth on to perfect day- Each God-surrendered man! -The Sunday-School Times.

Missionary Workers' Conference A very good way to open the fall campaign is for all the missionary

forces of a church to unite in holding vicinity. The program consisted of a Missionary Workers' Conference. A reports from several of the summer week-night is best for this-the mid- mISSIOnary conferences and the acweek prayer-meeting night if the pastor co~nt of a visit to Ellis Island made is willing. by one of the members.

After a short devotional service, let A reproduction of the miniature panthe officers 0 f all the missionary societies orama, "The Open Window,"* with an or bands connected with the church and endless procession of Christless women the chairmen of the missionary com- passing by (See "The King's Business," mittees of the church and Sunday- by Mrs. Raymond, page 23), that had school, present· their plans for the made such an impression at Northfield coming fall and winter. Give the the previous July, and pictures of the pastor an opportunity to' tell of his Immigrant Pageant and the China aspirations for the church in a mis- Demonstrations that had been special sionary way, and spend some time in features at Silver Bay, added not a discussing how the church and its little to the interest of the meeting. various organizations can become a greater power in the community, especi- Rallies with Social Features ally along the lines of city missionary work. Then call for volunteers III Fall rallies that combine social feathe work. If the meeting is rightly tures with plans for work and the conducted there will undoubtedly be enlistment of new members, can be some present who will make a decision made both enjoyable and effective. for the first time to take up some They may be either luncheons or specific form of missionary service-at suppers where everybody sits down to least this' has been the experience of a daintily spread tajJle and partakes of those who have tried this method of a real meal, or simply afternoon affairs opening tne fall campaign. with nothing but a cup of tea and a few wafers by way of refreshment. The meeting should close with a Sometimes they are held by individual season of prayer for the guidance of societies, . sometimes by federations or the Holy Spirit and the blessing of unions of all the societies in the com- God on all that is undertaken. munity.

Missionary Vacation Experiences A very successful rally on this order A good plan for a society or a was held a year or two ago by the federation of societies returning to Prospect Chapter of the Westminster work after the summer recess' is a Guild (a young woman's organization meeting with "Missionary Vacation in the Presbyterian Church), in Tren- Experiences" as the topic. In almost ton, New Jersey. About sixty girls in every community there are one or more the church and Sunday-school, many persons who have enjoyed special mis- of whom were not connected with any sionary privileges during the summer, missionary organization, were invited the telling of which would prove a to a supper. As a result there was a joy and inspiration to thos'e less favored great revival of missionary interest than themselves. among the old members and a new A meeting of this kind, that was chapter of the Westminster Guild was greatly enjoyed and proved very profit- organized in the church. able, was held last October by the Woman's Union Baptist Missionary * Directions for making such a window are Society of Schenectady, New York, and given bv Miss Edith Thomson in "How to Use," a handbook of suggestions, prepared by Mrs. Montgomery, to accomnany "The King's Busi- ness," pages 70 to 74. . Published by the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Mis· sions, ''''est Medford, Mass. Price 20 cents.

OF BEST Ml!:THODS 6gs

Progressive Mis.ionary Tea was appropriate musif: between the courses. The Woman's Home Companion re- cently gave an account of a unique At this novel tea fifty women had missionary tea given by a woman's five important phases of the society'::; society which would prove an excellent work presented to them, and the way of opening a fall campaign in hostesses came into touch with fifty either a woman's or a young woman's different women. It was a great suc- society. cess. As a result the membership was nearly doubled, the pledges to missions Five hostesses were appointed, an,l were greatly increased, new subscrip- five tables prepared. The tables were tions to magazines were obtained, and designated respectively as "Associa- in every way the society made large tion," "Program," "Membership," gains. "Literature," and "Giving," and the hostess for each table was selected The United Campaign for 1914·1915 with regard to her fitness to discu3s "For years we have talked about the topic for which her table stood. 'united campaigns,'" says The Mission- Long before the day set for the tea, arv Herald. "In 1914-15 we are really each made a special study of the best to- have one! With the slogan, 'Christ method of presenting her subject and for every life and all of life: and 'The came prepared to make the most of Social Force of Missions' as the great her opportunity. The hostess of the central theme, all boards-home and giving table was ready with pledge foreign, general and women's-will cards to be taken home and signeu, work together to present the missionary and the hostess of the literature table enterprise in its most compelling form. was provided with samples of maga- The timeliness and attractiveness of zines and other missionary literature the theme are obvious to alI who know for free distribution. how generally the most earnest people in our churches are thinking 111 social Fifty women came and were divided terms." into five groups, ten for each table. This campaign is to begin at once, There were five courses, served by and every church should prepare to the young women of the church. The participate in it. Abundant literature first course was fruit, and while it of a very high order has been prewas being eaten the hostesses presented pared, including text-books suitable for their subj ects, the guests asking ques- all ages and both sexes, written by tions and entering into the discussions some of the best literary talent in the if they so desired. At the end of ten country. Official ones for united use minutes a bell rang, and each party have been prepared by the Missionary of ten progressed to the next table, Education Movement, the Central Comthere to discuss another phase of the mittee for the United Study of Foreign missionary problem. The hostesses, of Missions, and the Council of Women course, remained at their own tables. for Home Missions. The list is as follows: The second course was sandwiches, olives and pickles; the third ice cream Missionary Education Movement and cake; the fourth, tea and wafers; the fifth, candies. A more elaborate "The Social Aspects of Foreign Mismenu could be substituted, but this sions," by Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, Presiwas inexpensive, easy to prepare, and dent of Brown University. Cloth, 60 could be quickly served without delay. cents; paper, 40 cents. The favors were little painted cards. containing missionary texts, and there "The Individual and the Social Gos- pel," a four-chapter book for busy men,

by Dr. Shailer Mathews, Dean of the let, "Christ for Every Life and All Divinity School, University of Chicago. of Life," containing the details of the Cloth, 2S cents. United Campaign and a list of all the "The New Home Missions," by Dr. H. literature available for it. Ministers may also obtain a pamphlet, "Making Paul Douglas, Secretary of the American the United Missionary Program Effec- Missionary Association. Cloth, 60 cents; tive," prepared exclusively for their use. paper, 40 cents.

"The American Indian on the New Trail," by Thomas C. Moffett, Superin- The Wednesday Night Club tendent of Indian Work, Presbyterian A fall campaign of large propor- Board of Home Missions. Cloth, 60 tions along mISSIOnary lines was cents; paper, 40 cents. planned and put into successful execu- Central Committee for the United Study of tion last autumn in the Lake Avenue Foreign Missions Baptist Church, Rochester, New York, of which the Rev. Albert W. Beaven "The Child in the Midst," by Mrs. Ben- is pastor. This wideawake church jamin W. Labaree, formerly a missionary supports three foreign missionaries and to Persia. Cloth, 50 cents, postage, 8 two home missionaries, in addition to cents; paper, 30 cents, postage, 6 cents.

"Our World-Family," a junior foreign work done through many city mis- missions text-book, by Helen Douglas sionary organizations. Mrs. Mont- Billings. Paper, 25 cents. gomery's father, Doctor Barrett, was Interdenominational Home Missions Study pastor of it for many years and she Course and her husband and mother are in- defatigable workers there at the present "Missionary Women and the Social time. Question," by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, President Woman's Presbyterian Board The campaign began with the for- of Home Missions. Paper, 18 cents. – mation of a "Wednesday Night Club,"

"In Red Man's Land," by Francis E. the purpose of which, as stated in the Leupp, former United States Commis- prospectus, was "to save time and carsioner of Indian Affairs. Supplementary fare, and make it possible for a good chapter on missions among the Indians, many people to come to a good many by the Rev. A. F. Beard, D.D. Cloth, 57 things at the church that they could cents; paper, 35 cents. not attend if they were scattered through the week. "With these ideas "Goodbird the Indian," told by him- in view, as many as possible of the self to Gilbert L. Wilson. Junior home activities of the church (particularly mission text-book. Cloth, 40 cents; paper, 25 cents; postage extra.

the devotional, study, and committee Bes'ides these text-books, much addi- meetings) were grouped together on tional literature in the way of helps Wednesday. The Woman's Society on the text-books, programs for mid- changed its monthly meeting to Wed- week, and young people's meetings, nesday afternoon at 2.30, and an sermon suggestions to pastors, helps for elaborate schedule was prepared for a workers among children, and outlines series of "Big Wednesday Evenings."

for Sunday-school programs, is being The Wednesday Night Club was issued by the Missionary Education planned as a permanent urganization, Movement, the women's organizations but in the beginning it was something and the denominational boards. AllY of an experiment. .The first period of time after September I, anyone who ten weeks (October, November, and asks for it may obtain from the Mis- part of December, 1913) had missions sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth as its central theme, and was put into Avenue, New York, a copy of a book- the hands of the Mis'sionary CQtU-

OF BEST METHODS

mlSSlOn, an organization composed of through Ellis Island, given by about all the missionary forces of the church, forty of the young people; the demon- with Mr. A. D. McGlashan, a student stration of a day in the life of a misin Rochester Theological Seminary, as sionary in India, given by Mrs. Hamill, leader. The schedule for each Wed- formerly a missionary in India, assisted nesday evening was as follows·: by a group of young people. On some of the evenings there were addresses 5.00 to 6.00 P.M.-Committee meetings by such well-known speakers as Doctor of such groups as needed to meet from Barbour, Mrs. Montgomery and Protime to time. fessor Henry Robbins.

6.20 to 7.00.-Supper served at 20 cents For the study classes from 7.30 to to all to whom it would be a convenience 8. 15 no less than thirteen courses were to take supper at the church. At the offered as electives. These included close of the meal a good "sing," led by a three on foreign missions, three on volunteer orchestra and chorus formed home missions, one on city missions, to help with the "Big Wednesday Even- and six on general missionary topics, ings." such as "The Business Side of the Mission Task" (a course for business 7.00 to 7.30.-Missionary entertain- men), "Comparative Religions," "The ments, dramatic presentations of mis- Bible and Missions," and "Medical sionary stories and foreign peoples, and Missions'." It had been announced that addresses on missionary topics. no class would be held unless at least five persons elected to take it, but nine 7.30 to 8.15.-Mission study in classes. of the thirteen had a sufficient enrol- 8.15 tei 9.oo.-Devotional service, with ment to warrant fheir being given, the special topics for prayer and discussion. number signing for them ranging from 9.00 to 10.00.-Committee meetings and 8 to 40 to 50. The business men's small group sessions. course proved one of the most popular. the attendance sometimes running as The whole plan was carried out on high as 30 or 35. Each class held one a very large scale. There were mis- open night in the Sunday-school room in sions in everything, it being the pur- order that those who came to the pose of the Commission to bring the supper, but were not enrolled in a subject before the people in all its class, might participate in the study. phases and from every angle. The first night there were nearly 300 in On the close of the mission study attendance, and during the ten weeks' campaign about the middle of Decemcourse, the average attendance was ber, the Wednesday Night Club took about 175. a recess of three weeks. On January 7, I915, it started up again with Bible The supper hour was made very study as the central theme. A comenjoy.able by the introduction of all mlSSlOn was appointed and the same sorts of jokes and surprizes that helped general plan was followed as to hours in the fellowship and made it easy to and supper. The attendance was even get acquainted. Some of the stunts larger than during the first period, and perpetrated were missionary in char- the plan has proved so popular and acter and gave not a little real infor- helpful that it is to be repeated this mation about missions. year. The same general schedule will be followed-missions first, then some- Among the entertainments during thing allied to Bible study: the hour from 7.00 to 7.30 were an impersonation of "Cindy's Chance" (a "The results of the experiment have story of miSSIOn work among the Southern Mountaineers), given by a group of girls; the representation of a company of immigrants coming

been exceedingly satisfactory," wrote ful. We have found absolutely no Mr. Beaven at the close of the mission attempt on anyone's part to take study period last December. "Many advantage of the low-priced meal. Nor of our people have become interested have we found that people have come in missions; the men of the church to the fun part, stayed to the class'es, testify that their attitude toward mis- and then left. They have universally sions has been almost revolutionized. come to supper and stayed through Other results have been the enlarging the prayer-meeting, and there have of the prayer-meeting to double its been many committee meetings held size; the engendering of a feeling of after that. Our people have. devoted good felIowship all through the church; Wednesday to the church, and it has and the enlisting of the help of scores resulted in a great saving of time, and scores of young people who had carfare, and nerves, and has doubled never attended prayer-meeting before the amount of committee work the or had been especially interested in pastor and his assistants and workers missions." have been able to do."

Miss Stevens, the pastor's secretary, A Campaign on Immigration adds the following, after the plan had been tested for nearly a year: A very effective fall campaign was planned and carried out last year by "I think the most general effects Mrs. Alfred S. Davis, with the assisthave been the fine feeling of good ance of two young ladies, in the First fellowship among all the people that Baptist Church of Bennington, Verhas lasted and will last; the conviction mont. It might well serve as a model of all the people that fellowship and for a missionary campaign on any religion are not far apart, proved by subject. the fact that there has been absolutely no feeling of constraint or embarrass- The topic was "Immigration," and all ment in going from the jolliest supper departments of the church were enhour to the most devotional kind of listed. The campaign began early in Bible study, nor from the most exciting the falI and culminated with the Christdiscussions of the Bible class lessons, mas entertainment of the Sunday-school. to the general prayer-meeting; the very Two study classes were held, one for widespread and general. interest in the members of the Woman's Missionary spiritual side of things, and .the de- Society, the other for the young people. velopment of spirituality in the meet- There was a public debate on the subings of the church. ject, "Should Immigration be Further Restricted by the Literacy Test?" a "The Sunday-school and other organ- lecture on Immigration, illustrated by izations of the church received many stereopticon slides, an address given new members, and about 40, I should one Sunday evening by a Baptist think, came into the church without worker at Ellis Island; and a recepany special effort being made; that is, tion and tea given by one of the they came Wednesday nights and felt members of the church at her home, at home, and naturally came into our at which a collection was taken for membership. Many others were gotten work among the immigrants. in touch with who simply came for the friendship, and have been held In the Sunday-school there was a and brought into the church and i~s course on immigration with charts, etc., organizations'. About 140 in all came given during the opening exercises. into the church during the year. One nation was taken each· Sunday, and the Sunday-school orchestra played "The supper has been very success-

the national airs of each on its day. of fine scrap-books were made of cloth There was a separate course in the with gay pictures pasted in, and a primary department. goodly supply of books, toys, hair- ribbons, neckties, etc., were brought i'l The exercises in the Sunday-school and sent to the denominational worker on the Sunday evening before Christ- at Ellis Island. mas consisted of an arrangement of carols and readings, and an exercise, One Church'. Program "America's Welcome," in which twenty children took part, ten drest as The following program, drawn up immigrants and ten in white as Americ for the Congregational Church of cans. Each carried its own flag. With North Andover, Mass., by its pastor, songs and recitations they marched to the Rev. John L. Keedy, should prove a gateway where, after an address of suggestive to other churches. The Mis- welcome from an American child, the sionary Herald, in which it was re- immigrants passed through and ex- cently printed, calls attention to the changed the flags of their native lands fact that it "includes both the educa- for American flags. It was very tional and financial objectives and pretty and effective. places as the first thing to be attained a canvas for pledges and next to this The Christmas entertainment of the a canvas for sUbscriptions to church Sunday-school (the main department) and missionary periodicals." was a "Costume Party." Everybody was requested to go drest as an im- A SUGGESTED MISSIONARY migrant, and those who failed to do PROGRAM so were fined a srpall sum, which went to immigrant work. There were all 1. A canvass of our church-members for sorts of queer costumes, and the fun pledges. To be done by the finance began with a grand march in which committee and pastor. only those drest as immigrants were allowed to participate. This created a 2. A canvass for subscriptions to misgreat deal of merriment, and when it sionary papers and church periodicals. was over there were games and refresh- By a special committee. ments, and everybody had a good time. 3. A mission study class, in charge of From a psychological standpoint this the missionary society. campaign was correct in all its details. There was no attempt to make an im- 4. Three Sunday morning sermons and pression without a corresponding addresses-one by the pastor, one by opportunity for expression. At the a secretary, and one by a missionary. Christmas exercises of the Sunday- Dates for these to be January 25th, school there was an offering by classes April 26th, and October 25th. In envelopes previously distributed, which amounted to $3I. And the mis- 5. Two or three week-day programs in sionary from Ellis Island having stated charge of the women. A birthday that at Christmas time they usually party sugges,ted as one. Two mishave about 2,000 to feed, and that, sionary speakers suggested for the in addition to food, they try to give others. each one a little present, a large clothes-basket was placed in the Sun- 6. Ten five-minute missionary talks to day-school for two weeks, and the the Sunday-school, and ten missionary children were invited to bring gifts for offerings. the immigrants' Christmas. A number 7. Two missionary concerts, four illus- trated lectures, one missionary play.

S. Several missionary programs in the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor.

9. Several missionary programs in the midweek service. To be in charge of committee appointed by church com- mittee. MISSIONARY AWAKENING IN SOUTH working in the Boer Church in South AFRICA-A CORRECTION Africa at the same time as in the camps, as is seen from the fact that I N our April number (p. 313), ap- the mission work went on developing peared a paragraph under the above during that time, and at the end of the heading in which reference was made war there were 22 missionaries of the to "the hostility of the Boers before Boer Church in their Nyasaland misand during the Boer war." Rev. A. sion-field alone, beside those in Rho- C. Murray, of Stellenbosch, South desia, Transvaal, and the Cape Prov- Africa, calls our attention to the fact ince. Mission interest has very much that this statement needs to be qualified. increased since the war, but this is There has, of course, always been due to the work of God's Spirit, many among the Boers who have no through the instrumentality of men like sympathy toward mISSIOn work. It Dr. Andrew Murray, Prof. Hofmeyer, is true that of both the Dutch-speaking Prof. Marais, and others, all of these Boers, and of the English farmers of men belonging fo the Boer Church. At South Africa, that they are doing very the present time the Boer churches of little to support Christian missions to the Cape Province, Orange Free the natives, and in countries like State, and Transvaal, support 120 Rhodesia they are for the most part foreign missionaries. Also about IOO enemies of missions. It is, however, home missionaries, who work among a mistake to say that when thousands the natives and colored people living of Boers were transported to India and among the whites. The real revival of Ceylon during the war, then English mission interest among the Boers beand American missionaries ministered to gan about twenty-five years ago. these prisoners, and as a result, several hundred Boers at once volunteered for W E often speak of ourselves as only missionary work among the natives in "instrMments in God's hands." It Africa. The fact is that these prison- is our privilege to think of ourselves, if ers were ministered to by Dutch Re- we are truly His servants, as agents. An formed ministers and missionaries from instrument is a dumb, senseless, lifeless South Africa. Some were sent there thing, which has no active, intelligent by the church, and some, who were power even to cooperate with him who captured on the field, while accompany- handles and uses it; but an agent is one ing the commandos as chaplains, were who acts, however, in behalf of, and sent as prisoners of war. It was these under control of, another, yet acting inmen who were used by God to bring telligently and individually. We are about the revival in the camps and to God's agents, and He worketh not only by stir up the great missionary enthusiasm. us, but in us, both to wiJI and to work. One of the camps where the enthusiasm (See Greek of Philippians, ii, 13.)- was greatest, was on the Island of St. A. T. P. Helena, where there were no English or American missionaries. God was

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DYNE S JAPAN-KOREA plied that he never saw his own name thus coupled with that of his Lord but A Special Call for Japan he felt himself most unworthy of that honor; but if his neighbors had seen T WENTY new missionary families anything in him to suggest that those in the next ten years are sought names should go together, he could by the American Board for evangelistic only rejoice, and thank God that he had work in Japan. This may seem like a been permitted to bear that testimony.- large demand, but it is not if the pro- Dr. H. B. Newell, M atsuyama. portionate share of the Congregational church in the forty-four millions un- Changes in the Korean Church evangelized Japanese is nine million. If these twenty families could possibly REV. w. A. NOBLE writes in The be available at once, and set free for Korea Mission Field, that there new work, there would still be but one are great changes transpiring in the family to a population 0 £ more than life of the Korean Church. The fact four hundred and fifty thousand. These that in many of the churches the conmen and women are needed to fill gregations reported are not as large depleted ranks in the centers of work as they were five years ago, has led to already occupied, as well as to open the impression that there has been a new and promising centers. To those falling off in church-membership. The who know the situation the number actual baptized membership is steadily sought. seems to be the minimum re- increasing, but there has been a falling quirement. off in the numbers of those enrolled as coming under church influence, as a The "Christian Traitor" result of evangelistic effort.

T HE church in Japan has many A Notable Japanese Woman splendid men and women whose faith and devotion and loyalty would AN interesting and efficient new advoplace them on a level with the like cate of Christianity who has just products of any land. Tsuchida, the arisen in Japan is Mrs. Hiraoka, a headman of his village and often elected member of one of the most famous to the local assembly of his Prefecture, Japanese families and a woman possest was SUbjected at one time to petty per- of great wealth in her own right. In secution on account of his faith, and the businesS' world she is known as the once openly attacked with violence, and president of a life insurance company finally his name was placarded on the in Osaka, and also is the chief owner fences and walk and telegraph poles ()f of an important bank. Mrs. Hiraoka the whole countryside as "traitor" be- began the study of Christianity five cause he had abandoned the ancestral years ago, and two years ago was suffifaith. "Tsuchida the Christian traitor" ciently convinced of its truth to accept was the formula. When asked how baptism. Since that time she has desuch advertising affected him, he re- veloped a very intense missionary zeal

and has now declared her intention of where no preaching has ever been devoting the remainder of her life to an effort to convince her countrymen heard. that Christianity is the saving power which Japan most needs. This deter- Buddhism in Japan mination has recently led her to defy oriental conventions by appearing as a BUDDHISM in Japan is not yet dead speaker in public meetings. Those who as is seen from the fact that the have heard her praise her remarkable "bearing, fluency, distinctness in speak- University of Tokyo celebrates annually ing, earnestness and thought." .In her first public address she devoted herself a service in which the spirits of de- to a closely constructed argument 'show- ing that the Japanese race are in spiri- ceased criminals and poor people are tual necessities no different from the other races of the world, and declared appeased through sacrifices. Is it then that a religion which has been found suited to the needs of other leading to be wondered at that the butchers of nations of the earth must be the . religion Japan needs. Tokio bring sacrifices once every year Korean Students Accepting Christ to the animals they have killed through T HE report of the Student Y.M.CA. the year? Secretary in Korea, Choi Sung The Baseler Missionsmagazin points Mo, contains the following paragraph: "From last June to April of this year out the fact that Buddhism has' very I have been able to lead 272 men to decide to accept Jesus Christ as their influential propagators. Bowe Magata, Savior. A number of these are in my Bible classes and seventy-six of them the former councillor of finances of the are now known to be in regular attend- ance at the church. It was my duty Korean Government, now has brought to deliver the gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick, and to life a historic Buddhistic society, I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of asserting that Japan owes her present my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads grandeur to this religion above every- sixteen different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of stu- thing else, and that Korea flourished dents from non-Christian private schools, while two other number among their only so long as the Korean people enrolment some sixty government school students. allowed themselves to be led by Buddha.

One of the most interesting features Such movements to revive the old re- of the Student Young Men's Christian Association work in Korea is the send- ligion are a proof of the influence of ing forth of evangelistic groups which preach the gospel in the neighboring Christianity.-Unsere H eidenmission. villages and country districts ofter Modernizing Korea A DISPATCH from Seoul, reports that a new energy has sprung up in the "Land of the Morning Calm," since the arrival of the Japanese. The tourist may still see "the white-robed Korean gentleman, with his sparse black beard, his majestic walk and stove-pipe hat, moving picturesquely through the wide streets of Seoul, ceaselessly puff- ing his long bamboo pipe." But the general life of the city has lost much of its former langor and ease.

Japan is sending the young people to school and putting the older people to work. In this work the American mis- sionaries and the representatives of the Young Men's Christian Association have rendered great aid, credit for which is cheerfully rendered by the Japanese, who are pushing forward government industrial schools. All the American

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nl1sslOnaries are exerting themselves in The name of this gentleman is with·· the practical education of youth, in- held. At the present time he is in this cluding manual training, and this phase country holding an important position of their work is most satisfactory both under the Chinese Government. He to Koreans and Japanese, since it is a splendid type of a Chinese Chrispoints the way to industrial prosperity. tian gentleman, well-educated and able -Christian Observer. to speak three Chinese dialects as well as English fluently. When he was CHINA eight years of age in China his father Fruit of Mis~;onary Toil and mother became Christians. It is his expectation to return to China at T HE latest statistics of evangelical the close of his present government church membership in the Republic service, and to spend the remainder of China give 470,000. The churches of his life in preaching the Gospel are served by 546 ordained Chinese to his own people. As an instance of pastors and 5,364 unordained workers. faith in missionaries and their work, There are also 4,712 Chinese Christian as well as confidence in the Society, school teachers, 1,789 Bible women aud this act is worthy of special recognition. 496 native assistants in the hospitals. Chinese Christians' contributed last year TChineae Church and Status of Women $320,900 for Christian work. There are HE long motionless East, where 85,241 Chinese boys and girls in the women traditionally are neither primary and day schools of the Chris- heard nor seen, is now threatening to tian Church, and 31,384 students in the lead the van in according them equal intermediate high schools and colleges status with men in the deliberative and maintained by the evangelical church. administrative councils of the Church. The hospitals number 235, with 200 dis- At the first diocesan conference over pensaries. The patients treated last which Bishop Norris, the lately apyear totaled 1,322,802. pointed bishop of North China, pre- sided in Peking, a motion was on thl! Chinese Gifts to Missions agenda paper of which the object wa,,, to abolish all differences between the ABANKER in Peking, some seventy status of women and men in regard to years old, recently confest that he church work and administration. Bishop had been under conviction since the Scott was present, and he told an Boxer uprising, and that his increasing audience at one of the S. P. G. Anniyears and the advancing crisis in China versary meetings that he understood the led him to turn to Christ as the only proposal to mean that women were to hope for himself and for the nation. be eligible as members' of vestries, fer He found such peace that he has set the election of churchwardens, and the aside money sufficient (from his in- government of local churches, and he come) to support a preacher "fr0111 thought it might also cover diocesan now until the close of human history." conferences, and possibly, hereafter, tht' Another Chinese Christian has willed general synod of the Church of China. .all his property to the American Bap- Both the Chinese and English members tist Foreign Missionary Union with the of the conference seemed favorable to stipulation that after his death it is to the motion, and it was referred to the be used for the spread of the Gospel in general synod. What its fate there will China. He has notified his brother in be remains to be seen, but it is evident China to act as executor for his prop- that the Christian brethren in North erty in that country, to see that the provisions of his will are carried out.

China will not quarrel with the S. P. C. March 8th the following answer was for its new departure this year in in- received from the President's office: viting a woman missionary to speak at "In reply to your letter, which the its anniversary, nor will they even think President has read, he states that the the C. M. S. Committee is moving too worship of Confucius is an ancient fast. rite which has' been observed for many ages during China's history, and has Presbyterians .in China been handed down from ancient times. It has nothing to do with religion. T HE Presbyterian Church of Christ Catholics, Protestants, Mohammedans, in China is rapidly completing its and men of other religious faiths, will organization, and it is expected that find nothing to keep them from entera General Assembly will be definiteiy ing official life. If the district magisestablished within two or three years. trates, for any reason are not able, o~ In 1902 a committee representing seven do not wish to worship Confucius, the different societies met in Shanghai and ceremony may be conducted by some prepared a "Plan of Union," recom- one else. A copy of the Presidential mending the complete independence of order of March 7th is enclosed, which the Chinese Church, and requesting the it is hoped will be translated and inchurch courts to take the steps neces- serted in all the foreign newspapers, sary to unite in one organized church. so that false rumors and misunder- The next step was the formation of a standings may be corrected." Signed Council, which met in 1907, represent- by Secretary of the President. ing twelve organized and two unorganized presbyteries. This Council, 1 Roman Catholics in China meeting at Tsinanfu in May of this N China there are 1,430 European year, voted to ask the presbyteries· to and 700 Catholic priests. The numsend to a meeting to be held at ber of Chinese Roman Christians in Shanghai next year delegates who will 19IO was said to be 1,364,618, and the come prepared to make arrangements number of baptisms for that year was for a General Assembly. The churches 95,832. For 187,371 Chinese, or for represented in the Council are the 627 Chinese Christians, there is one Chinese, the English, the Scotch, the Catholic priest, while of 299 Chinese Irish, the Canadian, the Dutch Re- one belongs to the Roman Catholic formed, the Northern Presbyterian and Church.-Unsere H eidenmission. the Southern Presbyterian. The statistics issued following the annual Y. M. C. A. in Peking meeting show that the Council embraces over 60,000 adult Chinese church T HE P~ki.ng Young Men's Christi~n members. Christians in China crave ASSOCIation has a students' SOCial the prayers of the whole Church Universal for guidance in shaping the service club with more than ISO mem-, new General Assembly. bers. Six night schools are run, by President Yuan on Religious Liberty the students–four among servants, ~he ON March 5th the Secretary of the other two having boy pupils. A social International Reform Bureau sent a letter to the President explaining study of the ricksha coolie has been various views in the foreign press regarding the real attitude 'of the made.: a hand-bill in simple· words, Chinese .Government on religious liberty, and asked which was true. .On called "The Meaning of the Republic,"

has been distributed, and lectures on patdotism, hygiene, and other subjects have been given in four public lecture halls. .

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INDIA tribesmen into communities, where they Christian Ideals in India are settled under police surveillance IN the Blue Book) giving the report with a missionary in charge, in some of the 19II Census of India, re- cases. The missionaries are quick to cently published, the Census Commis- take the utmost advantage possible of sioner states that Christian thought in- these opportunities for reaching the fluences large numbers who remain children of such families, and through Hindus, and Christian ideals and stand- them the parents.

ards are everywhere gaining vogue. There are about 160 children out of The European reader of Indian news- nearly six hundred persons who have papers is frequently astonished at the been placed in the mission settlement qt writers' familiarity with the Bible, Kavali, for whom the orphanage there while no politician can fail to take note wishes to provide. It is a great prob- of the influence of Christian thought lem, greater than we in this country can on sociaLquestions, such as polygamy, understand, to reach the wild child-life child marriage, and the inequalities of of India and set these little feet in the the caste system. paths of knowledge and usefulness Of the effect of conversion on the and the true religion.

Indian Christians themselves, Mr. A Devotee Rolling 350 Miles Blunt (one of the Provincial Superin- tendents of the Census), writes: "THE other day," writes a Methodist "The missionaries all these years missionary from Basim, South In- have been providing the corpus sanum dia, "I saw a Hindu rolling along in (if one thing is noticeable about Indian the road. I stopt him and asked him Christians it is their greater cleanliness where he was going. in dress and habits), and now they "He replied that his home was in are being rewarded by the appearance Amratsi, a hundred miles away, that of the mens sana. he 'expected to travel as tar as Pan- If the missionaries could and can dharpur, making a total distance f)f get little out of the first generation, the three hundred and fifty miles, and that second generation is in their hands after he had reached Pandharpur he from their earliest years. The children knew God would bless him and forgive of the converts born in Christianity are his sins. very different from their parents; their grandchildren will be better still." "I told him that this self-torture was quite unnecessary; that God had sent His Son into the world for the sake of Saving the Children of Robbers saving all mankind from their sins.

A REMARKABLE work has been "But the poor fellow shook his head, committed to some of the mission- 'refusing to believe me. 'I must keep "

aries in South India in order to pro- '.on,' he said. 'There is nothing else tect the country from the increase of 'for me to do.' And away he rolled>'

the criminal tribe known as the Donga "Watchful Waiting" in India Erukalas, or "Red Thieves," or "For- T tune-Tellers." The children of this HE Mohammedan contractor, an intelligent Indian, who built the . tribe are taught their parents' trade from infancy, and it is required of church and missi~n-house for Metho- them that they prove their skill in steal- dist missionary W. P. Byers, at Asan- ing before they can marry. . sol, Bengal, about 25 years ago, said The British Government is trying the to him at the time, "Sahib (sir), you policy of rounding up the offending will never win anyone to Christ in

this place. We all have" our own ployment. The new loom will not only religions." Mr. Byers quietly told him give far more profitable work to to wait and see. Several years later weavers, but it will employ large nUlll- the contractor came along at the hour bers of carpenters, smiths, and me- of service and was greatly astonished chanics in its manufacture. The Dec- when he saw the church filled with can Institute trains these artizans. people. "Vho are all these?" he. asked. "Christians,". replied Mr. Byers. "Is Feet-Washing in India it possible? It is really wonderful! I didn't think you could make any con- A BRAHMAN visiting a missionary verts in this region." in India saw a picture on the wall Open School Doors of Christ washing the disciples' feet. The Brahman said : "You Christians T HE educated youth of India pay pretend to be like JesuS' Christ, but you great attention to Chri5tianity. A are not; none of you ever wash people's short time ago the most important feet." The missionary said, "But that stations of the Basel Mission were is just what we are doing all the time! visited by Inspectors Dipper and Miller. You Brahmans say you sprang from The school in Kalikut was also exam- the head of your god Brahm; that the ined. The report said: "Six hundred next caste lower sprang from his young men, pupils of the high-school, shoulders; the next lower from his mostly heathen, filled the room. One loins, and that the low caste sprang should have seen the shining eyes of from his feet. Weare washing India's the Hindus and observed the attention feet, and when you proud Brahmans with which they listened when the see the low caste and the outcaste get- Director of the school in his words of ting educated and Christianized – greeting, said that Jesus is the crown washed, clean, beautiful, and holy inof all wisdom and knowledge. The side and outside-you Brahmans and all educated Hindu seems just now to be India will say, 'Lord, not my feet only, very accessible to Christianity, and but also my hands and my head.' " Mission schools should take advantage of ·that fact.-Unsere Heidenmission. Humanitarianism Among Hindus The Loom as a Missionary Agency IT has often been pointed out that MR. C. D. CHURCHILL,. of the the by-products of Christian mis- . American Deccan Instltute-a sions are sometimes as striking as their Christian industrial school in India on direct results. The following extract Hampton lines-has been experimenting from Christian Work is a fresh illusfor eleven years on an improved hand tration of this: "The reaction of Chrisloom for the use of the mass~S' of India. tian civilization on Hindu life has The Government has subsidized his in- stimulated the development of various vention to the extent of about $9,000. humanitarian enterprises among edu- This loom now produces in the hands cated Hindus. Thus Seva Sedan, or of one of his school boys, in less than Sisters of Indian Society, founded in eight hours', forty yards of "dongre" Bombay in 1908, seeks t.o train Indian -coarse cotton cloth, suitable for women for educational, medical and towelling. An expert produces far social-philanthropic work. This' society more. Hand weaving is increasing, has put out small branches in Poona rather than diminishing, in India. Next and Ahmedabad and expends some to agriculture it is the chief Indian em- 20,000 rupees for its ends. The Society of the Servants of India has similar purposes in view for the men of India.

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Its leader is Mr. Gokhale, a Brahmin their losses in numbers and in propof high culture, distinguished as a erty, and to-day their friends are aspublicist, member of the 'vice-regal tonished to see them negotiating with council. Mr. Gokhale is an agnostic the Turks concerning national quesand a strong prohibitionist who works tions on a basis of something like to sweep out of India the cankerous equality. Armenians now have their drink customs which have come in with votes for members of Parliament under the British rule. the constitution of the empire. Their young men do military service as do MOSLEM LANDS treir Mohammedan neighbors, and serious as it is to be a soldier in the American Ambassador Inspecting Turkish army in these years of war, Missions when Armenians have borne their share of soldier service for a term of IT is long since an American am- years massacre and pillage will be ren- bassador to Turkey has shown suffi- dered impossible. Armenians have their cient interest in the missionary work representatives in the cabinet, the di'pbeing done by Americans in the Near lomatic body, and the civil service. East to visit the various mission stations, and the broadmindedness of the Best of all, the Armenians have been present ambassador, Mr. Henry Mor- quietly multiplying and improving their genthau, in making such a six-weeks' schools. The Ottoman State practically tour of inspection is especially striking. fosters only Moslem schools, but there His visit to the Syrian Protestant Col- are computed to be more Christian lege in Beirut, accompanied by mem- schools' and scholars than Moslem in bers of his family, Mr. Peet, the the empire. Christians must pay their treasurer of the American Board mis- share of the taxes, and support their sions in Turkey, and Mr. Schmavonian, own schools 111 addition.-Congregalegal adviser to the embassy in Con- tionalist. stantinople, was made a great occasion by faculty and students. A reception New Work in Turkestan was also given him by Khalil Effendi Sarkis on behalf of the Protestants of T HE Russian Church has recently Beirut. Two meetings were held at taken up work for the Moslems in the college, at both of which Mr. Turkestan. The Government is dis- Morgenthau spoke, the second time his pleased at this, but can not interfere subject being "True Manhood." His as the Holy Synod is all powerful. visit to Beirut coincided with that of The Greek Church missionary is a Mrs. Kennedy and her party, to whose converted Tartar from Siberia, and trip around the world reference was has written a clever attack on Islam. made in the June REVIEW. The British and Foreign Bible Society has also opened a Bible agency in New Status of Armenians Taschkend, Turkestan, and several col- porteurs have received permission to ONE of the most striking results of work among Moslems. American missionary effort is the A Social Survey of Jerusalem changed posItion of the Armenian race in the Turkish Empire. A generation RABBI STEPHEN S. WISE, of the ago, the Armenians were virtually Free Synagog in New York, has slaves, and it was only in 1895 that the heart-breaking period of massacres and been planning for several years a study pillage occurred. of social and industrial conditions among the Jews of Palestine, and with Now the Armenians have made good

the cooperation of Ambassador Mor- made the pilgrimage to Mecca, but genthau, Adolph Lewisohn and Nathan subsequently had, in all probability, Straus, the plans have culminated in fallen in with a missionary. After a the appointment of a commission or time he was arrested and since it was three members, each an expert in his thought that if he were exiled, he would own field, to undertake the work of only spread the heresy elsewhere, he making "an intensive social survey of was sentenced to death. His body Jewish conditions within and without was pierced through with a sharp Jerusalem." The work is to be begun stick and he was left on a tree to die. in the early fall, and when the investi- His disciples fled further east and, gators return to America a report of tho not attaining to any positive faith, their findings will bc published. continued to uphold the doctrine of According to The Survey magazine, the Koran's worthlessness. A few this survey of the old Jerusalem by years ago, Dr. Barjary, of the C. M. the Jews of the new world gives the S., visited them, but found no response social survey its first international and among them. Last year, however, a perhaps most conspicuous venture. man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, and asked for teaching. By some mis- AFRICA unden,tanding he was sent to a school to learn reading. This did not satisfy Vastness of this Continent him, and he left, only to return later with another, saying that what they O AN CRAWFORD says, in The wanted was not learning, but religion. Record of Christian Work: "Africa They then opened up their hearts and is far, far bigger than you think. Give told how they and many others of their me the whole of India, and in it goes. people had been waiting for the Word N ow, the whole of China, and in that of God. This naturally interested Dr. goes too. Plus India and China, give Miller intensely and he has sent out me Australia, and in the' three go Christian young men to their parts. easily. And still Africa, my Africa, They have chosen a central town and like Oliver Twist, asks for more. So for twenty miles around these antiwe will put in Europe. In it all goes, Mohammedan Protestants gather each and even' then I have what I believe Sunday for instruction in Christianity. the Vanderbilts call marginal millions. And yet you hear people speaking as An Eye to Business if when you were in Central Africa you could live the life of a sort of "OLD customs die hard in Africa," week-ender, and just run out to see writes a' missionary teacher in your friends the Joneses or the Robin-' sons." our Methodist School at Quessua, Angola. "A man came to us last year Successful Work Among Moslems and brought two of his daughters. This spring he brought two more. He MISS CLARK of the Sudan In- seemed very happy to place them in terior Mission tells a remarkable our care, and I was touched by his story of a spontaneous movement among fatherly interest in just girls. So I certain Mohammedans of the Sudan. asked him his motive in bringing them Some forty-five years ago a M aUam to us. He told me quite frankly that came from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) his brother's. daughter had been a and began preaching that Mohammed student in our school, and that when was not a prophet of God and that she went home she could read books, the Koran was a lying bOf)k. He had write letters, and sew, and that the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

man who married her gave her father AMERICA-NORTH twenty-four dollars more than the TJohn R. Mott to Visit the Near East usual gift for a wife. 'Now,' he con- HE conferences which Dr. Mott, cluded, 'if you will whip my daughters as Chairman of the Edinburgh and teach them everything until they Continuation Committee, has held with grow up, I will be worth more than missionary workers in India, China, my brother.' So, as it appeared, he Korea and Japan during the last two had at least a business interest in our years have been recognized as perhaps school." the most epoch-making series of events in recent missionary history. Dr. Matt Hunger in North Transvaal started to the Orient at the close of FOR some time the missionaries in the meeting of the Continuation Com- Wendalande, North Transvaal, have mittee at Lake Mohonk in I912. Next reported a hunger for the Vord of September, the Continuation Committee God, such as has never before been plans to meet in England, and from heard of. The demand for Christian there Mr. Matt will immediately set literature is still great. The new book forth to a series of conferences in the in which the Gospels' and Epistles for near east. Algiers, Cairo, Beirut and the different Sundays are gathered, in Constantinople will be the main points the Venda language, is received with visited, and to each place a group of great joy, and the new revision of 75 to 100 missionary workers of all the Greater Catechism undertaken by denominations will be drawn to take Missionary Schwellnus, is looked for counsel on the big current questions of with great anticipation.-Der Missions mission policy. On this tour, as' on Freund. the tour of the further orient, Dr. Mott will take time for evangelistic Bible in Peculiar Form meetings with the students of both missionary and government colleges.

W HAT is, perhaps, the most extra- T Mr•. Jesup'. Gifts ordinary form in which the Bible HE bequests made to religious and has ever been offered is that edition of the Scriptures in the language of scientific agencies in the will of Uganda. The volume is of great Mrs. Morris K. Jesup are impressive length, but only three inches in thick- in number and variety. It would re- ness and the same in width. A pecu- quire no inconsiderable amount of re- liar reason occasioned the adoption of flection and conference to disperse so this form. In Central Africa, the large sums in a way that would be white ants and other insects r~pidly assuring and satisfying. Such a dis- destroy books unless they are well pro- tribution as was made by her is a tected. The representatives of the tribute to the wisdom no less than the Church Missionary Society, according- humaneness of the testator. She gave ly, recommended to the Bible Society $8,450,000 to 40 or more public insti- that it should issue this edition in a tutions. The largest bequest amounted form that would fit into the tin biscuit to $5,000,000 and was made to the boxes of a certain firm that is popular American Museum of National History, in Uganda families. This was' done, of which her deceased husband had and the ant-proof tin box is just large been for 26 years president. Among enough to hold this Bible, a small other gifts were these: Syrian Protes- Bible history, a hymnal and a prayer tant College, $400,000; Yale University, book. $300,000; Union Theological Seminary,

$300,000 ; Young Men's Christian As- as many as possible." With this decsociation, $25°,000; American S. S. laration of a life purpose Mr. William Union, $15°,000; New York City Mis- H. West began his work in Dover sion and Tract Society, $15°,000; Wo- Street, Boston, nearly twenty-five years men's New York City Mission and ago, and the Mission ever since has Tract Society, $100,000; Presbyterian been seeking to res'cue lost men and Home Missions, $15°,000; Presbyterian women and to reconstruct broken lives. Foreign Missions, $15°,000; New York From the report of the present super- State Woman's Hospital, $150,000 ; intendent, Mr. P. E. Call, we quote the Williams College, $15°,000; Presby- following: "The total attendance was terian Board of Relief for Ministers, nearly 40,000, with the Hall well filled $100,000; International Young Men's nightly, and we have been obliged to Christian Association, $100,000. turn people away for lack of room. The free Sunday morning breakfast Nine Hundred Pages of Charities for men draws double the number that the Hall will accommodate, and many I T requires a book of 900 pages to a half-starved man has come in here tell even in briefest outline of the and gone out again with the deter- 3,700 charitable and religious organiza- mination to s'erve Jesus Christ. tions in New York City, listed in the Charities Directory of 1914. Of these Every morning at 10.30 a prayer organizations about one-half are church- meeting is held, and the converts are es. Six thousand persons are en- helped to study the Word, for no gaged in a great variety of social ser- Christian can grow unless he feeds vice work in the city. The secretary upon the Bible and constantly keeps of the New York State Board of III touch with God through prayer." Charities has estimated that $30,000,- 000 is given annually in New York The Southern General Assembly's City for various forms of relief. Yes, there is much to be done at home. As T "Missionary Declaration" a rule it is being well and generously HE Kansas City General Assembly done. For the most part it is being gave earnest and careful consideradone by the very people who are giving tion to the claims and needs of Foreign most and thinking and praying most Missionary work. In addition to refor the building up of the Kingdom affirming the historic deliverance of the of God abroad. Rarely can a man or first Assembly of the Southern Church woman be found ready to give time in regard to Foreign Missions, it laid and self and money to the meeting large emphasis upon the "Missionary of home needs, whose vision is not Platform" adopted by the Assembly at wide enough and whose love is not Birmingham in 19°7, and pronounced, big enough to take in the needs of in no uncertain terms, that if the the world. The man with the world progress which the Church has made vision and the world heart is the most is to continue, there must be a very. generous helper and the most earnest large increase in offerings for Foreign worker at home, Mission work. According to this Plat- form the Church, covenanted with God The Union Rescue Mission of Boston and the other Christian denominations to evangelize 25,000,000 people' in "I PROPOSE to place myself directly seven foreign countries, as the rightful share of the non-Christian world, and across the stream of humanity that called for an offering of $1,000,000 per is flowing downward, and from the year as the necessary means of accomgreat submerged class reach and save

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plishing this sacred task. The As- thousand dollars, and last year nearly sembly further declared its belief that 70 times that sum. The society has to assume "a definite obligation for 400 mission stations and out-stations in some definite part of our Foreign Mis- I6 foreign lands, and the accessions by sion work" is the best means to over- baptism show an increase of IS per take the missionary task. cent. in the past year. The contribu- tions of the native Christians show an Steel Works and a Mission increase of 20 per cent. The value of property reported on the foreign field W HAT William Penn would have has increased $50,000. One of the characterized as a "holy experi- fields where there has been marked ment," has been working out for the progress is the West China mission. past year at Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Many widle evangelistic circuits have the town of iron and steel, under the been made, and several large cities auspices. of the Lukens Iron and Steel along the Tibetan border are under Company, whose officers, Mr. Charles cons-ideration for the opening of new L. Huston and others, are active Chris- stations. Dr. A. B. Simpson, the Presitian men. dent of the Alliance in his annual address, characterized the organization In July, I9I2, when there was scar- as an evangelical, evangelistic, spiricity of unskilled laborers, employment tual, interdenominational and inter· in the works was offered to the men national movement, which has been from the Inasmuch Mission of Phila- remarkable for the pioneer work that delphia. Twenty-four responded to the it has done. first invitation, and since then hundreds from two rescue missions have found Successful Work Among Canadian Jews their way to Coatesville to work in the Lukens mills. A special boarding house T HE Christian Synagog in Toronto has been provided for them, where they was dedicated in June, I9I3, and could be looked after and cared for in shortly 'afterward the first Presbya sympathetic atmosphere. terian Hebrew church in Canada, and indeed in the world, was organized. As the new arrivals come in from There has been a total attendance at time to time, some who. have been there the Saturday and Sunday evening serlong enough to become strong, vacate vices throughoilt the year of nearly their rooms and find homes elsewhere. 5,000: But it has also been the aim of those in charge to touch the life Sunday-schools' for the negro resi- of the people in all its phases, and to dents of Coatesville and for the hun- this end various agencies, such as dreds of immigrants employed in the night schools for men and women, mills are conducted by the officers of sewing, music, and physical culture the Lukens company, with the active classes, a day nursery and a free disassistance of the Philadelphia mission pensary, have been employed. The men. It is said that there is' no "labor Synagog is open every day from problem" at Coatesville. eight in the morning until after nine at night, and the missionary is acces- Christian Alliance Progress sible at all times. Of one result of the work, the Superintendent, Rev. S. T HE Christian and Missionary Alli- B. Rohold, writes in his annual report: ance has this year celebrated the "We can claim, by the mercy of God, quarter-centennial of its founding, and that we have created an appetite at the Annual Council meeting this spring some noteworthy facts were brought out. The income of the society for its first year was five

among the Jews for reading the Word tivities. He has inaugurated a camof God. Besides the thousands uf paign against tuberculosis, the great tracts and the Bibles and New Testa- scourge of the Indians. He has estabments that have been distributed freely lished schools for Indian chiI'dren and by the different workers of the Mis- started reading-rooms which are greatly sion, we have had the privilege of appreciated by the Government. Dr. selling Scriptures to the value of Stringer has passed through many $539.80." hardships, and his' eldest child was the first white child born so far north. Religious Census of Canada T HE official religious census of Results of a Mexican Bible-Class Canada for the year 1911 has been issued. The population of the Domin- B IBLE study that leads to a true ion in June of that year was 7,206,643. spirit of service demonstrates its Seventy-five separate religious beliefs genuineness. Some time ago a group were specified. The number of persons of students in the Mexico City Young returned as of "No Religion" is 32,490. Men's Christian Association were in- The Roman Catholic figure is 2,833,- duced to join a Bible class, studying 041, more than one-third of the total Stalker's "Life of Christ." The result population-a fact attributed to the of their study was a voluntary decisiol1 great preponderance of Canadians of of the class to celebrate in a fitting French extraction in the Province of way the close of the course. This they Quebec. The second strongest body did by organizing a "Fiesta de Cariare the Presbyterians, numbering l,rrs,- dad" (a dinner and a party) for the 324. Then come' the Methodists, num- general help of the Association, made bering 1,079,892; the Anglicans, 1,043- up from the working people. They 017; the Baptists, 382,666; the Luther- raised the money for the dinner among ans, 229,864; the Greek Church, 88,s07; themselves, purchased presents for the while the Jews number 74,S64, as com- most worthy employees, and thenpared with 16,401 in 190I. The Men- unh'eard-of thing-actually aided 111 nonites are credited with 44,6rr ad- serving the dinner themselves! Only herents; the Salvation Army with those familiar with social conditions 18,834; Buddhists, 10,012; Sikhs and and with the caste spirit that obtains Hindus, 1,758 ; Mohammedans, 797; in some parts of Latin America, can Spiritualists, 674; and "Socialists," 206. appreciate what this incident meant.

ISLAND WORLD The Church Farthest North Filipino Chapel at Campus Gate ONE of the most interesting chapters T HE agricultural school of the in recent church history is the American Government as developed founding of the Anglican missionary at Los Banos, southwest of Manila, church on the Yukon. The present offers a fine field' for the student pastor bishop of Yukon, Dr. Isaac O. Stringer, whom it is hoped to establish there. has a "parish" which extends to 200,000 Here come young men of all the tribes square miles, and he has already given inhabiting the Philippines to study nearly ten years to this arduous work. modern scientific agriculture under aus- He has not merely the care of all the pices which open their minds to all churches, with a working staff of eight the new ideals of the twentieth century. clergy, six lay readers, several teachers, To implant the conceptions of an and four Indian catechizers, but is also evangelical Gospel in their thought at engaged in a multiplicity of public ac- this impressionable period is Christian

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strategy of the highest significance. other parts of Ambrim to expostUlate Rev. Chas. R. Hamilton is hoping to with the chief. He was examined pubobtain, before his return to the Philip- licly as to his conversion, and scoffed pines from his present furlough, a at when he said he was going to trust donation of $5,000 which wiIl provide in JesuS'. Amid all the persecution, a chapel close to the entrance of the however, he has stood firm. campus of the agricultural schoo!. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN A preaching place is necessary first of all because the strict rules of the Salvation Army Congress Government will not permit the use of any building on the campus for this T HE second International Congress purpose. But the authorities of the of the Salvation Army was held institution are thoroughly in sympathy in 1904. The third, which assembled with religious work of this sort, and in London in June of this year, waS' will undoubtedly lend encouragement the most striking demonstration which to a Presbyterian missionary stationed has ever been made, of the worldthere. The Roman Catholics are erect- wide character of the movement, as ing a chapel in the same advantageous well of the numbers enrolled.. To-day neighborhood, and will undoubtedly the organization speaks in twenty-five place in control there one of their languages to the poor and the outcast most capable priests.-The Continent. of fifty-eight countries and colonies. Nearly 9,500 corps and outposts are A Chief's Conversion located throughout the world. Its con- stituency is numbered by the million. T HE folJowing is from the pen of Rev. Maurice Frazer, of the New Almost the entire Salvation Army Hebrides Mission: "At first, when field was represented at the Congress. Joseph, the teacher, began work at Asi, The delegates contributed largely to the old men clung to their heathen the entertainment at the meetings by ceremonies and would not attend doing things quite ordinary to them, Christian worship. But, lately, the but extremely novel to their. audiences. leading chief of Asi has severed his a party of converted Zulus, for examconnection with heathenism, and is ple, giving a war-dance. Some of giving Joseph alJ poss'ible assistance in these delegations prostrated themselves the conduct of Christian worship. His before General Booth, as the custom conversion was the signal for a fresh is in their countries when approaching outburst of rage and mischief on the greatness. The Salvation Army Interpart of the Samio people against the national Hall on the _Strand was dediworshiping people of Asi. The 'sacred' cated on Friday afternoon, June 12th, men of Samio were greatly upset, and the second day of the Congress, with they created a great commotion in the a "Concourse of Nations." district. They had quietly acquiesced in the young men and women of Asi Field-Marshals on Fol'eign Missions leaving heathenism and joining the Worship-that step they regarded as inevit- T HREE distinguished Field-Marable. But the idea of a 'sacred' man shals, Lord Roberts, Grenfell, and going over to the Worship was abhor- Methuen, have addrest a letter to rent, and they visited him time and army officers, saying: "You will most again to endeavor to get him back to certainly come into contact with the heathenism. Failing in their enter- representatives of various Christian prise, they brought 'sacred' mlln from missionary societies whose special work it is to show to non-Christian peoples the loye gf the Christ whom

we profess to serve. We commend women trained in the Tiibingen Instithese missionaries to you as a body of tute were in the foreign field. The men and women who are working characteristic thoroughness of the helpfully with the Government, and German is shown in the training recontributing to the elevation of the quired for mission doctors and nurses, people in a way impossible to official and is always justified in practise. action. Some object to Christian missions in ignorance of their real value. Philanthropic Work in St. Petersburg We would suggest that you will use all opportunities of making yourself pASTOR FETLER, the Baptist personally acquainted with the work preacher in St. Petersburg, is makthey are doing, and the character of the converts. Most missions will bear ing many friends also by his philanlooking into, and we are convinced that thropic activities. During the winter he if you will do this you will never had under his care between 40 and So afterward condemn or belittle them." former drunkards and outcasts who had been influenced by his preaching. His THE CONTINENT own people subscribed for the mainten- ance of the men, and gave clothes for Professor of Missions them, while they themselves did any work that could be found for them. As T HE German Colonial Institute, at a result Mr. Fetler has received expres- Hamburg, created a professorship sions of sympathy from some of the of the science of foreign missions, and Government officials. Gospel and philpresented the chi<lir to Pastor M. anthropic workers have gladly asso· Schlunk, the director of the North ciated themselves with the movement German Missionary Society. Professor arising out of the manifesto by the Schlunk is an esteemed expert in the Czar against drink. Thus their efforts educational foreign mission work, and for the uplifting of the fallen and the the author of valuable books. The degraded are becoming recognized in institute is a training-school for army, this way. navy and civil officers, planters and merchants going to the colonies. Pastor A Chair for Missions at the University Meinhof, the famous "explorer" of of Berlin African languages, IS one of the professors. FOR a long time mission friends have hopefully looked for a chair for German Medical Missions missions at the University of Berlin. In Halle Dr. Warneck was called to FOURTEEN medical missionary as- lecture on missions. In Leipzig Pro- sociations in Germany and Swit- fessor Dr. Paul, Director of the Leipzerland are represented in the German zig Mission, was called to lecture there Medical Missionary Year-Book for on that subject. In Berlin several 1914. The center of thes'e various as- Dozents occasionally held lectures on sociations is the Medical Missionary mISSIOns. Now, through the represen- Institute in the University of Tiibingen, tations of the theological faculty, Dr. which provides for the full or partial Julius Richter, the wel1-known editor training of doctors, for the prepara- of the Allgemeine Missionszeits.chrift, tion of nurses and midwives for ser- and of the Evangelische Missionen, has vice on mission fields, and for hospital been appointed extraordinary professor work in the recognition and treatment to lecture exclusively on mISSIOns. of tropical diseases. At the opening This event is especially important for of this year Germany had 22 medical the evangelical missionary world.-Der missionaries in active service, and 36 Christliche Apologete.

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Student Work in Bohemia tion of that district, estimated at T HE winter semester of 1913-1914 50,000, is fleeing to Berat and Avlona. saw most encouraging develop- To meet this great emergency will you ments in Bohemia. An effort made not help all you can through W. W. in December to establish a permanent Peet, Bible House, Constantinople. treasury with funds for a forward Whatever the outcome of all this movement met with good success. The struggle, the survivors will need arrival of the new secretary and his Christian help in this the hour of their wife gave the Committee confidence, dire calamity. Continue to pray for and after a search, suitable quarters for Albania and the Albanians."

a foyer were found in the heart of MISCELLANEOUS the city of Prague. These became available at the middle of February, Minions Forging to the Front and on the Universal Day of Prayer were opened amid scenes of great O UT of IIS theQlogical schools inenthusiasm. The power of the Spirit vestigated by the Edinburgh Miswas' manifest in many ways, and the sionary Conference, 58 included misprayers of friends all over the world sionS' in their curriculum, II of them were abundantly answered. Two things being elective only. Thirty-eight of are needed now, wisdom to use the these seminaries had no instruction in foyer to the full and. in the best way, "missions at all. It is hard to underas a meeting-place for students, and stand in this day how any school for courage to face the problems of fi- the training of the ministry can surnance and administration which are in- vive without courseS' in missions and the Sunday-school.

volved in all such beginnings. "We Minion Among Lepers have many friendS' and we hope, no T enemies, but our task is great and we HERE is no more noble work in the world than mission work need the prayers of Federation work- ers, especially in this coming year," among the many lepers in the East.

writes Mr. Rose. The lepers are outcasts from their own people, and what missionaries do for Suffering in Albania them is the only bright spot in their lives'. The story of this line of mission REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, of work is most pathetic. Dr. John Jack~ the American Board writes from son, secretary of one of the principal Durazzo, on July lIth: "Albania is at missions among lepers in the East.

the mercy of her enemies' from within writes as follows in the Sunday-school and without. This city is still be- Times.: "India has at least 200,000 sieged by the insurgents, but is well lepers. Vast numbers of them are defended. The suffering back in the hopeless outcasts, regarded "as under the country is very great but at present very curse of their gods, refused shelter the roads are closed to the interior. by their own kindred, and driven out With such funds as we have in hand to die as homeless wanderers. Stricken we are doing relief work in Durazzo by a disease that is loathsome, conta- and Avlona. News' just received from gious, and incurable, they are surely of Kortcha states that it l}ad been at- all men most miserable.

tacked on three sides by the Insurgents, "China has unnumbered thousands of the Greek regular army, and the 'Epi- these hopelesS' sufferers. I found in rates.' After a two-days'- struggle one village alone, outside the city of the city yielded. The entire popula- Canton, s"even or eight hundred lepers

herded together in dark, dismal houses and athlete before he decided to enter unfit for human habitation. The authori- the Church, he brought an unusual ties informed me that they estimated combination of qualities to his chosen the number of lepers in their own prov- life-work, and when, after several ince of Kwang~tung, at not less than years of service in the home church, r 5,000. Other provinces of Southern he offered himself for the foreign China are known to be terribly affected, work, he was recognized as a man of while leprosy is quite common as far exceptional power. After twenty-one north as Hankow. years of effective service, he was re- tired for reasons of health in 19I1, and "A recent letter from Korea says since that time has been one of the that there are probably 30,000 lepers in canons of Durham Cathedra). One of that country, of whom the greater the most dramatic episodes in his mis- maj ority are homeless outcasts. sionary career occurred in r892, when Bishop Tucker had the bones of the "In Tokyo, I was informed by the martyr Bishop Hannington exhumed and head of the Japanese medical depart- given Christian burial outside the great ment, that they had official knowledge thatched church of St. Paul on Namir- of at least 40,000 families in Japan in embe Hill, Uganda, and the slayer of which leprosy was known to exist. Ex- Bishop Hannington, King M'wanga, perience has shown that it is safe to was present as a member of the Chris~ mUltiply: the acknowledged numbers by tian congregation. two or three figures in order to get at the actual total. It will thus be seen Missionaries Drowned in India that if we confine our views to the great lands of the Orient we are con- MR. WILBUR SMITH, of Poona, fronted with an appalling mass of writes that Dr. Peter Baillie and J. hopeless suffering among the lepers of the twentieth century." H. Diack, Esq., of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, were Notice-Medical Missionaries drowned at Mahableshwar on May 16th. They had been attending the T WO hundred missionaries from Language School of the. Western India Missionary Association for several · home and foreign fields are ex- weeks, and were out for an afternoon's pected to attend the Sixth Annual tramp with the other members of the Medical Missionary Conference to be school. In the afternoon they left the held at Battle Creek, Michigan, N o~ rest of the party in order to take a vember 17-20, 1914. Bishop E. R. plunge in a small pool in the vicinity, Hendrix of Kansas City will preside. where their bodies were later found. A splendid program of much interest It was evident that Mr. Diack had is being arranged. gone to Dr. Baillie's help when the latter found himself in difficulty, and, OBITUARY in seeking to save his friend, lost his own life. Dr. Baillie came to India A Bishop Tucker of Uganda but a few months ago, and was soon NOTHER great name, worthy to to proced to his station at Jalna in the stand with those of Hannington, Nizam's Dominions. Mr. Diack, also, Pilkington and Mackay, has been added but recently came out. He had been ·to the roll of the heroes of Uganda, on the faculty of Wilson College ill in the death of Bishop Tucker, who Bombay, . where he was much' loved · went out in 1890 as Bishop of Eastern and respected. Equatorial Africa. That vast territory has since been divided into three dio- cases, of which U~anda is Olle. Artist

w· · · · ·J II IONS /0….]…./…'!I

'; BOOKS ON MI AND .. ….~.. . ……././ MISSION LANDS . – ".,..l …………………

1'1.

By Nippon's Lotus Ponds. Pen Pictures despair as to ultimate results of work of Real Japan. By Matthias Klein, for- done there in the name of Him the merly Missionary and Government latchet of whose shoe Buddha is un- worthy to unloose. • Teacher in Japan. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell The Christian Movement in Japan. 1914. Co., New York, 1914. Tenth annual volume. Edited by John L. Dearing. Maps. 8vo. 668 pp. These are pictures of life in the $1.25. Published in Japan. For sale interior and country districts of Japan. by the Missionary Education Moveuntouched by the average tourist. To ment, New York. the leader of a study class the book is valuable, for instance in the pre- This is an invaluable compendium paration of a monolog and for the of up-to-date information concerning clear arrangement of contents. It also Japan, including also Korea and Forwakens new sympathy for Japan's hard- mosa. Missionaries, editors and others working people. One might criticize interested in things J apallese can the reiteration of the adjective "little" scarcely afford to be without such a as in "little men," "little carpenters," handbook. This year among the "little sailors," etc., and it gives prob- special features are the symposium on ably unintentionally, a bit of patron- Hostel Work, the article on Social izing touch somewhat out of taste. Conditions, on Kindergartens and on The chapters on Fishers and Fisher- the Continuation Committee Conference men, on Flowers and Forests are note- in Japan. Korea is given a prominent worthy. The account of the school- place, and separate statistics for all girls on a holiday trip to some of lands are the most complete and re- Japan's Meccas, with their welcome to liable obtainable. These statistics (for a monstrous big pot of "honorable Protestants) show 46 missions in Japan tea," is charming. The contrast be- with 624 mIsSIonaries and 102,790 tween the funeral customs, so crude, church-members. In' Korea there are so painfully material, and the later I3 missionary agencies with 480 misfestivals for the departed spirits IS sionaries and 72,203 communicant' striking. The floating lanterns on the church-members. waves, the lighted tapers, the tinkling bells, the cedar. boughs and the white Herbert Stanley Jenkins, M.D., F.R.G.S., and gold lillies, the water poured 011 Medical Missionary in Shensi. By the ground to slake the thirst of those Richard Glover. D.D. Map, frontisdeparted, combine ill one more appeal piece. l2mo. 154 pp. 2s., net. The for the true light and rebuke the Carey Press, London, 1914. morbid grief with its indulged expres· sions, of Christians at home. The .Nowhere in the Oriental world has book is a help in adjustment to that the medical missionary found a larger, golden mean between exaggerated, un- more fruitful sphere of service than in~l1igent admiration for' all things in China. He has been the dissipator oriental and the deplorable extreme of of prejudice, the road-breaker, the foundation-layer, in many a city and in many a human heart. The' iin7

measurable need and opportunity of cated to Syria, this biography of a China have drawn to it some of the twiceborn Syrian is, as Dr. Stanley choicest spirits, men and women im- il,Thite says in his foreword "a tonic to bued with the spirit of the great Phy- one's jaded spirit" and "an apologetic sician, men like Noyes of Canton, for the inspiration of the Scripture David Grant of Chinchew, Mackenzie that can not be answered." The de- of Tientsin, Jackson of Mukden, and liberateness of Habeeb's conversion by women equally lofty-souled. "They means of the Bible alone, the exchange had learned that the 'candle of truth' of the old sword-after a forty mile needs a 'candlestick of mercy,' and that walk-for the Sword of the Spirit, how of all forms of mercy, medical mercy that Sword served in the varied perse- is the one most needed and least cutions following, the dramatic scene likely to be abused in heathen lands." of the wife returning to her husband On this honor-roll belongs the name and to the greater loyalty to his God, of Herbert Stanley Jenkins, of Sian- the inevitable growth about this born fu, Shensi. He was an ideal medical leader of a group of believers, the missionary, a man of strength and Church in the home and the subsequent gentleness, proficient in his profession, history of the Church and School at quick in the mastery of the Chinese Mahardeh, the happy following of the language, deeply evangelistic in spirit. son in his father's footsteps, the edu- His was a short but brilliant career, cation of the daughter, the final eleva- only seven years "in the saddle," and tion of the man to civil preferment- no sight of the "long day by the fire." these all hold one with intense interest.

Dr. Richard Glover, a master-spirit "Once on the verge of martyrdom in among English Baptists, has written a the flames of persecution, often driven brief but stirring and stimulating from the village as a disturber of peace sketch of Dr. Jenkin's life, to which and corrupter of youth, opposed and he adds two chapters on the work of resisted in his public and private the English Baptists in Shantung and career," at last we find ·Habeeb selected Shensi. This book illustrates afresh by the Turkish Government as civil the 'rare nobility 6f those men and president of the municipality of women who have staked and are Mahardeh, an office for which he wa"

staking their all that Jesus Christ may not even an aspirant. "Firm but not be known among the ungospe1ed. The bigoted, zealous but not hostile, the book can be read in an hour and a hali. one object of his life was to win all One rises from it with a sense of his neighbors to Christ; a true man, hush and elevation and humiliation and a loyal friend, such was and still is spur, and the exclamation-"Where is Habeeb the Beloved."

there anywhere such a power as that Tales of the African Wild. By Fred W. of JesuS' Christ to make godlike, heroic Dodds. 12mo. 175 pp. 2s. W. A.

men." Hammond, London, 1914.

With graphic pen the author pictures Habeeb the Beloved. A Tale of Life in the life in Southern Nigeria, and tells Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, many weird and pathetic stories of the D.D. Illustrated. 16mo. 102 pp. 75 beliefs and customs that make a mis- cents, net. The Westminster Press, sionary's work difficult but necessary. Philadelphia, 1914. The tales are interesting and well told Dedicated to the Syrian people in the name of Him who was one of and give a most realistic idea of the them, by the well-known and honored fetish worship, the hard lot of woman, missionary, whose life is itself dedi- and the kind of work that missionaries

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

are doing. The chapters make excel- Everlasting Pearl. One of China's lent reading for missionary meetings. Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- The unattractive dress of the volume sen, for 16 years a missionary in China. is a serious drawback to its popularity. 16mo. 111 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, and Morgan & Scott, Ltd., Manual of Missions. By Carl Le Roy London, 1914. Howland. 12mo. 175 pp. 75 cents, "Everlasting" Pearl is one of the net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. precious jewels which brighten the As a concise, clear, and careful state- crown of Christ in China. A "new woman, evangelist, pastor and Bible- ment of the conditions, needs, and prog- woman, all rolled into one" is she. A ress of missions in various' lands this religious devotee, taking the Vegetarian volume is to be highly commended. Pro- vows at twenty-two, she worked hard fessor Howland has not depended for his to accumulate merit that she might information on original research, but has escape all the usual stages of transstudied and condensed the material fur- migration and go straight to that goal nished by such authorities as the Ency- for which she longed-a life hereafter clopedia Britannica, the World Atlas of without suffering. Kneeling before Christian Missions, and the MISSIONARY Buddha, night after night she would REVIEW. After a brief study of the re- count her beads thousands of times, ligions of mission lands, the author sur- repeating O-mi-tu-fu, "in Buddha do veys the mission fields, and concludes his I put my trust." She bore stoically the volume with a series of excellent short many sorrows of her harassed life in quotations concerning the authority for contemplation of the next. But bemissions, and the missionary forces- cause of the persistent efforts of one prayer, money, and sacrificial service. patient foreign woman who did not Pastors and other church leaders will despair, the great opportunity came to find this a very handy compendium of Everlasting Pearl. Like the Gate of facts, but some of the statistics are in- the City which is a single pearl, she correct-for example: Japan has 624 became the gateway of many a soul to foreign missionaries (not 1,168), 102,790 life. Her childhood and early years, church-members (not 97,II7), and 1,772 s described by herself, are an intimat~ native workers (not 3,049). revelation of the life of a woman of the small shopkeeper class. The story Our Task in India. By Bernard Lucas. of her conversion and subsequent 12mo. 183 pp. 2s. 6d., or $1.00, net. career is by Miss Johannsen. Her final Macmillan Co., New York and Lon- surrender, in which supernatural visions don, 1914. had part, was complete, and it was a The question that Mr. Lucas asks and radiant life that emerged from tire conflict: "It is God himself who has seeks to answer is: "Shall we proselytize made me take this step, who was too Hindus or evangelize India?" The one strong for me and there is no turning process is mechanical and formal; the back." other is spiritual and vital. Some may not readily distinguish between the two Throu~h Lands that Were Dark. By F. ideals, but those Christians who do will H. Hawkins, LL.B. Illustrated. 8vo. not fail to choose the latter course. It is 159 pp. 6s., net. Paper. London Misthe bringing of Hindus into living con- sionary Society, 1914_ tact with the life-giving Christ that He A missionary secretary has here told, may transform and direct them. in graphic detail, the story of his year's Mr. Lucas discusses the men and meth- journey in Africa and Madagascar. ods at work in India, the Indian Church Among the more striking descrip'tions and Literature, and the efforts toward are those of the visit to' Kuruman, Britcooperation anrf un;nr

ish South Africa; to Kazembe, the chie f NEW BOOKS at Mbereshi, British Central Africa, and to the leper asylum in Tananarive, Men Who Prayed. Being Familiar, Madagascar. The report is not techni- Heart-to-Heart Talks with the Reader cal, dealing with problems, but a narra- Concerning the Lives of the Old Tes- tive of observations and experiences. tament Saints who Offered Prayer to Jehovah. By Henry W. Frost. With ,Tesus Christ's Men-A Progress, 1813- a foreword by Charles Gallaudet Trum- 19q. By Caroline Atwater Mason. bull. 12mo. 189 pp. $l.00, net. Bible 8vo. 163 pp. 50 cents, cloth; 35 cents, School Park, New York, 1914. net, paper. Griffith & Rowland Press, Phila., 1914. Educational Missions. By James L. Bar- This is a missionary play, with a pro- ton. 12mo. 271 pp. 75 cents. Stu- dent Volunteer Movement, New York, log, three scenes and a finale. It 1913. presents the history of one hundred years of American Baptist missions and The Missionary Obligation in the Light offers a fine opportunity for dramatic of the Changes of Modern Thought. presentation. This would be no light By Alfred E. Garvie. 12mo. 141 pp. task, but, if well done, it could scarce- 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, ly fail to be tremendously effective: 191{ In Far New Guinea. By Henry Newton, The Unknown God and Other Orthodox B.A. Illustrated. Map. 8vo. 304 pp. Essays. By Jacob Piatt Dunn. 16mo. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila- 178 pp. $1.00. Sentinel Printing Co., delphia, 1914. Indianapolis, Ind., 1914. There is a fascination in reading about The Christian Movement in Japan. inunknown people with peculiar customs, cluding Korea and Formosa. A Yeareven (or, perhaps, especially) when Book for 1914. Twelfth annual issue. these include cannibalism, sorcery, evil John Lincoln Dearing, editor. 12mo. s'pirits, immorality, polygamy, and death- 668 pp. $1.25. Missionary Education feasts. There is such a fascination about Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New this book, and it is well written. But York, 1914. there is also the interest that attaches to heroism and self-sacrifice in mission The Social Aspects of Foreign Missions. work-for, in 1899, Mr. Newton went as By William Herbert Perry Faunce. missionary of the Anglican Church to Illustrated. lZmo. 309 pp. 60 cents. Eastern New Guinea. He offers an in- Missionary Education Movement, New teresting criticism of the Anglican Mis- York, 1914. sion (S. P. G.), saying that "it is doubtful whether they have ever had any defi- The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada, nite theory as to how mission work LL.D. $1.25. The Macmillan Comshould be conducted on any thought-out pany, New York, 1914. principles." He also says that the members of the staff in New Guinea "had Chinese Students and China's Religious little or no definite training for their Awakening. Report of the Conference special work." The missionaries have, of the Chinese Students' Christian Ashowever, endeavored to Christianize the sociation in North America, Kansas native life rather than to Anglicize it. City, Mo., January 1-3, 1914. 25 cents. The facts and incidents given are interesting and impressive. The whole Training the Little Home-Maker. By volume is a really valuable contribution Mabel L. Keech. J. B. Lippincott Co., to the knowledge of New Guinea and Philadelphia, 1914. Anglican missions there. Romanism and Ruin. By Rev. H. C. Morrison. 60 cents. Pentecostal Pub- lishing Co., Louisvi!1e, Ky., 1914.

PAMPHLETS Livingstone College Year-Book, 1914. Being a Record of a Year's Work at Livingstone College, and of Former Students in all Parts of the World, and Containing a Review of Recent Prog- ress in Tropical Medicine. 6d. Liv- ingstone College, Leyton, E., 1914.

Hartford Seminary Foundation Bui1etin. Commencement Number. June, 1914. 36 pp. Hartford Seminary Press, Hartford, Conn.

Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- tucky. A Class Book for Mission Study. Edited by Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt. 263 pp., paper cover. 50 cents. Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt, Pisgah, Ky., 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1914

to the

THE :IrSSION,RY REVIEW OF THE V{ORLD, JULY, 1914 SOME Ql.JESTIOKS ANSW~ERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY ]'IlRS. F. 11. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1. vVhat legislative body passed a law inflicting thirty-nine lashes upon any negro who dared to pray aloud?

2. Vhat .people believe in an evil spirit who lives with her father and a dog in a cave below the sea?

3. Vhat did the Moslem convert try to say after his persecutors had cut off both his hands and pulled out his tongue?

4. Why did the teacher of athletics think it desirable that the ,entire team live in the mission dormitory?

S. Vhy is it unwise to sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers" in a :Vlohammedan country? G. Vhat unique kind of salad took the place of the usual refreshments? 7. Vhat part of the United States has been called "Uncle Sam's Iceberg Farm"? Is it an appropriate name? S. In spite of the Red Cross flag, who attacked the physician and put out his eyes? 9. Vhere does a woman conduct preaching services hundreds of miles from a railway? 10. What commodity is now accepted in China as currency at four times the value of silver? I I. In the face of what temptation have the Balkan Christians stood firm? 12. In Eskimo mythology what explanation is given of windy weather? IJ. In what legislative boely (meeting under the American flag) do the members speak one language when the Governor is present, and another when he is absent? 14. Why was the missionary program printed in the form of a railroad ticket? 15. What famous mountain climber built a missionary hospital? 16. Vhat was "God's arithmetic," and how did it work in Korea?

J7. Where are students in a Y. M. C. A. night-school so eager to learn that all the seats are filled and many young men are willing to stand during th e whole evening? 18. -That is the history of Sir Baden-Powell's brass bowl? 19. On what former cannibal island are there more Vvesleyans to-day than there were in all England in Wesley's time? 20. vVhat did the officer discover was the real reason the Japanese ~L..:=~_-JI

THE CARPENTER SHOP AT SILLIMAN

A VISAYAN FIELD MEET IN THE PHILIPPINES Silliman Institute wins first prize METHODS OF CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FILIPINOS

Uy Vol. XXVII, N"o

New Series Vol. XXXVII, NO.7 E Old Series JULY, 1914 II SIGNS fTHETIMES I A NEGRO LEADERSHIP face with Christian callings; (3) to CONVENTION, most significant face the responsibility resting upon for the negro race, was held in At- the negro churches of America to help lanta, May 14-18, under the chairman- meet the claims and crisis of Africa; ship of Dr. John R. Mott. It was (4) to consider what light Christian convened under the joint auspices of thought may throw 6n present and the Edinburgh Conference Continua- future cooperation between the races. tion Committee and the student de- Commanding personalities like Booker partment of the International Com- 'Vashington of Tuskegee, Major mittee of the Young Men's Christian Moton of Hampton, Professors Pick- Association. Five hundred delegates ens and Imes of Talladega and Tusfrom a hundred colleges and higher kegee, and the very well-known educational institutions of the South colored missionary to Africa, Dr. "lvV. were present. With the exception of H. Sheppard, were at the forefront, the chairman, all the notable speakers and all the negro speakers were well were either negroes or white men worth hearing, as were the strong from the South, thus securing an ex- friends of the race from among the pert discussion of the various themes white men of the South. All the obconsidered. jects aimed at in the call to the con- vention were very satisfactorily ac- The purposes of the convention complished, and a wonderful spirit of were: (I) To give to the present unity and mutual helpfulness was generation of negro students in the manifested and extended through the United States a strong spiritual and days of fellowship and mutual dismoral impulse; (2) to study with cussion. thoroughness their responsibility for leadership in Christian work at home Most of the final day was devoted to and abroad, thus bringing them face to hearing the reports of the commis- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EorToRs.

sions appointed to investigate matters UNREST IN THE CHINESE REPUBLIC vitally affecting the negro race, and suggested by the prospectus. The FRIENDS of China view with findings of the commission upon the alarm the helplessness of the new enlistment of educated negroes for work in Africa have an important Government to control brigandage, bearing on missionary work. Five which is said to be worse throughout white boards use twenty-three negroes, the country than it was under Manwhile five negro societies have under chu rule. The White VV01£ raid on their employ approximately one hun- Liuanchow, Anhwei, is typical of what dred and fifty missionaries. has occurred in other cities in Anhwei, Hupei, 'Kansu, Shensi, and Honan. As to candidates for African ser- The leader of this band of desperavice, the commission thus declared does, which is said now to number itself: "( I) The continent of Africa one thousand, is a certain Pei Lungpresents to the colored churches of chei, who was graduated from a mili- America an irresistible call. (2) It tary school in Japan, and was on the calls, however, for the choicest sons staff of General Wu when the revoand daughters of the negro race. The lution broke out. General W u was task is pre-eminently a task of leader- murdered by Manchu cavalry, being ship which demands expert knowledge suspected of sympathy with the revoand unusual ability. (3) It lays pre- lutionaries, and Pei Lung-chei beeminent responsibility upon the edu- came in principle a revolutionary, cated young men and women of our but in practise a brigand. Known colleges and schools. (4) This call is by the name of "White Wolf," his not to the missionary candidate alone. depredations attracted attention in It is a call to the entire membership of the southwest of Honan in the spring the negro churches 0f all denomina- of last year, when with his followtions to enter with Christ into the ers, mostly disbanded soldiers and pain and anguish necessary to redeem professional robbers, he occupied the people of Africa; and to this end towns, and plundered, murdered, and we call upon the members of our ravished the inhabitants without rechurches with sacrificial obedience to straint. Complaints by the Foreign give of their substance and to pray for Legations have forced the Central the speedy evangelization of Africa." Government to take action, and forces have been sent against White The commission's investigations Wolf from time to time without sucshowed that failure of negro mission- cess. The President has been so misaries in the past has been largdy due led by reports of White Wolf's 'overto inadequate preparation for the throw that he has distributed rewards manifold task and to the sending out to the troops who profest to have of candidates who could not meet the slain him; the next day, however, strenuous demands made upon them word might come that the brigand by the enterprise, thus making their had sacked another Chinese town. services of less value in many cases than are those of natives trained in At Liuanchow the bandits searched Africa. the city thoroughly for silver, arms, and opium, the latter being fourfold more valuable than silver. Whoever

OF THE

resisted was shot, and it is reported Christianity. It is therefore interest- that some thirteen hundred were killed. ing to note that the handbook of the After looting the city, the robbers set Government-General acknowledges the it on fire, and destroyed more than weakness of Buddhism, and remarks three-fourths 0.£ the buildings. A (page 58): "In contrast to it, Chris- Roman Catholic missionary was shot tianity has gained greatly in influence twice, the first bullet merely wound- in recent years. Christian Missions, ing him, but the next killing him in- besides undertaking the evangelization stantly. A Chinese physician, a mem- of the people, carryon effective medi- ber of the Red Cross Society of cal and educational work, wihning for China, ran up the Red Cross flag over themselves great popularity and the his office, expecting surgical work, confidence of the people." The report and hoping that the flag would be re- gives the number of Roman Catholics spected; but these lawless men re- as 80,000, and of Protestants as 360,- spect nothing. They came and de- 000. The number of Protestant mis- manded money, and, not being satis- sionaries now in Korea is 500, fied with what they found, put the or a larger number than the goal set physician to torture, breaking his leg, by the Edinburgh Conference in 1910.

and, finally, putting a rifle to his head This is a small force for the evangel- and shooting out his left eye. ization of 13,000,000 Koreans, and in~ Missionaries of the China Inland dicates the responsibility placed upon Mission are living in the disturbed the native Church. There are now district, but have thus far escaped in- over one thousand native Korean pas- jury. Missionary work has been in- tors and a large proportion of the terrupted and some property of the Protestant Churches are self-support- missions has been destroyed. At Nun- ing. That Christian education is not chow, in the province of Kansu, the neglected is shown by the 30,000 pu- mission station of the Christian Al- pils attending Mission schools.

liance was burned on June 3rd, but the Japan should have the credit due for American mIssIonaries were unin- many improvements introduced into jured. Last March, at Laohokow. in this land, so long abused and neglected.

Hupeh Province, however, Dr. Froy- Great material changes for the better land of the Norwegian Lutheran Mis- have taken piace in the past five years, sion was killed and Mr. Sarna was and however much many of the Kore- wounded. The depredations of White ans may object to Japanese rule, they IV01£ form one indication of the need are being benefited materially by the for a strong Central Government. changes wrought at the cost of fifty This, President Yuan is endeavoring million yen per year. Notice: to give China by making himself prac- Before annexation, Korea had prac- tically dictator of the new Constitu- tically no public school system. To-day, tional Republic. Japan has established 236 elementary THE JAPANESE IN KOREA schools besides high schools, normal schools, schools of law, medicine, 'civil T HE Japanese Government report service, business, industry, agriculture, concerning religion in Chosen and forestry. .

can not be thought biased in favor of Before annexation, the Korean gen-

try considered manual labor degrading. But whatever the cause, and what- Now, many of them are engaged in ever the significance of these Christ- agriculture, silk raising, etc. ward movements, it is dear that God Before Japan took control, there is leading masses of the people of were no forestry laws and the coasts Jndia to seek for Him. Last year and hillsides were bare. To-day, trees forty thousand were baptized by are being planted; there is a generous the Methodist Mission alone, and in free distribution of seeds and seed- the last two years this mission has lings. In 191 I, on the first anniversary added more people to the Christian of Arbor Day (April 3rd), 4,6so,(X)() community of India than in the first trees and shoots had been planted. forty years of their labors in India.

Sanitation was formerly unknown in Other denominations report similar Korea; filthy streets and open sew- S1ccess.

age brought flies, mosquitoes, and ver- These low caste and outcast Indians min, so that epidemics of smallpox, may be attracted by a desire for cholera, dysentery, and diphtheria, car- social or physical betterment, but ried away thousands of victims anmt- tbe fact remains that they are at- ally. To-day, sanitary regulations are tracted Christwarcl and it is an op- enforced, including drains and water- portunity that the Christian Church works, while compulsory vaccination, can not afford to neglect. There is a quarantine, and hospitals have greatly tide in the affairs of the missions in reduced the ravages of disease. India, which, taken at the flood, leads Japan has also built railroads, high- on to success; neglected-but it ways, and bridges, established post- 1ilHst not be neglected ! We must offices, parcels post, telegraph and tele- take advantage of the most insignifi- phone lines, banks, postal savings. cant and most momentary interest in Japanese judicial procedure, how- order to lead these blind souls into ever faulty it may be, is a great ad- the light. Given the Christward im- vance over the old Korean courts. pulse, what they need is education in To-day, there are 90 judicial courts in Christian truth and living. There is Korea, with 497 Japanese and 233 a wonderful opportunity for Chris- Korean officials. tian teachers to train these people in The work for the spiritual better- Christian schools, so that the future ment of Korea has been for the most Church of India may be strong, intel- part committed into the hands of ligent, self-supporting, self-governing, American Christians. and self-extending. God is ready for an advance movement-are we?

THE OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA MUCH has been written concern- PREACHING OPPORTUNITIES IN ing the Mass movements toward PERSIA Christianity in India. Various opin- T HE people in the villages of Periens have been exprest as to the method of dealing with these multi- sia seem to be more than ever tudes of low caste inquirers and as to open to receive the gospel message. the wisdom of baptizing them with- A recent letter from Rev. Robert M. out sufficient preliminary training. Labaree, of Tabriz, describes a tour during the month of Moharram-the

time of greatest fanaticism-when, in cealment or reticence as to the pur- spite of the fact that men were pose of the missionary's visit, tho warned by the mullahs not to visit there are, at times, disagreeable ex- the Christians, many came as in- periences. Some Moslems are hos- quirers. It was never difficult to tile, more are indifferent, and a few gather a crowd in the street or ba- make fun of the missionary, but zaar, and a little tact would open the others are earnest inquirers into the way for plain-spoken gospel preach- truth. A Christian preacher to-day ing. It is interesting to note the way may even call to present the gospel in which a native preacher introduces to a chief mullah, and the signs of the subject. For example, standing hostility are few, indeed, in compari- in the market-place in Mainagham, son with those endured a few years he asked: ago. There is no violence or threat of "What is that building?" personal injury; the worst opposition "That is the mosque," was the usually takes the form of forbidding quick reply. people to visit the missionary, or the "What is it used for?" burning of books that have been dis- "For the worship of God." tributed. It is a great advantage when "Would you allow a dog or a pig preaching to Moslems that there are to enter it?" some points of belief in common.

"N0, indeed!" Many are weary of the hollow forms "Why not?" and ceremonies, and long for the "Because it is God's House, and to reality of forgiveness and power to allow anything unclean to enter live a godly life.

would defile it." KONGO VILLAGERS WAIT FOR "Then why do you permit sin in TEACHERS your heart, which is God's temple, more than any other place?" ONE of the remarkable proofs Thus the opportunity was given to that the Holy Spirit is at work speak to an attentive audience about in the Kongo country of West Cen- the condition of the human heart and tral Africa is the readiness with the need of cleansing before God which the villages and tribes not only could dwell in us. Other opportuni- receive Christian evangelists, but ties for still closer contact are found plead for them. Rev. R. D. Bedin- in the tea-houses and in the mis- ger, of the Southern Presbyterian sionaries' own rooms. The propensity Mission, writes to The Christian Obof the Oriental to ask questions is server, that last fall he made an itinalways a ,means of introduction to the erary to the southeast into a section subject nearest the missionary's never before visited by a Protestant heart. Often in the beginning of the mlsslOnary. Many reports had come conversation many harsh and insult- to the missionaries concerning the ing things are said to the missionary, readiness of these people for the gos~ but patience and tact will usually pel message, but they were not pre- open the way to a frank presentation pared for the enthusiastic reception of the claims and power of Christ. given. One man had been to Lulua- To-day, there is no need for con- burg, where he heard the gospel for

the first time in one of the villages. Surveys of the Presbyterian Board Deeply imprest, he returned home, of Home Missions, an interesting and in returning spread the "good religious social survey. news" from village to village. Delegations began to go out from these The initial steps were taken by villages to Mutoto, Luebo, and Lu- the Interfederation of Churches, and samba to ask for teachers. Always the Board of Trade, the Board of the answer was, "We shall help you Health, the Central Labor Union, when we can." For two years they and the Associated Charities co-operwaited, and when at last the mission- ated in the survey. An exhaustive ary went he found six churches in study was made of all the agencies, four villages where daily services good and bad, that go to make up were being held by leaders not them- the complex life of an industrial city. selves church-members, but, like Cor- A great map of the city was prepared, nelius, seeking the Lord, "if haply showing the location of social agenthey might feel after Him, and find cies and the distribution of national- Him." ities, 30 per cent. of the population heing foreign. One hundred and fifty This is but one example of the way charts and photographs were prepared in which God is opening doors for and exhibited. His Church to enter at the present time. Can He trust us to take ad- Among the results of such a survey vantage of the opportunity. are likely to be the following: Civic organizations, churches, and individ- SOCIAL SERVICE IN MISSIONS ual citizens are stirred to activity against evil and degenerating influ- Tr:E modern missionary. ca11pai~n ences; an intelligent basis for the co- , mcludes a large emphasIs on social operation of all helpful social agen- cies on definite proj ects is furnished, service and one missionary text-book and all such agencies are co-ordinfor next' year takes this as its sub- ated in a program of prevention of ject. There is need to emphasize futUre ills that might develop from this, practical side of Christianity, dangerous conditions found already while we can not depend on external in existence. betterment for internal regeneration. The Church is rightly laying in- One side of this work is the socio- creasing emphasis on the obligation logical survey of a community, which not only to preach the Gospel of has been made familiar by the Russell new life, but to heal the sick com- Sage Foundation. Not so long ago munities, to cleanse the leprous slums, there was conducted in New Bruns- and to cast out the demons of passion and strong drink. wick, N. J., under the general direc- tion of the Office of Exhibits and THE GREAT NORTHERN PENINSULA Alaska has one-fifth the area of the United States, or 590,884 square miles; its coast line is over 26,376 miles, or about the circumference of the earth. Attu, the most western of the Aleutian Islands, is farther west of San Francisco than Cape Cod is east, so that years ago it was true that the sun never set on the' countl;y over which floats the Stars and Stripes. It is a country exce~d­ ing rich in wheat lands, timber, coal, gold. fish,' and other products. The g~eatest need is fat: missionaries and other Christian settlers.

A MISSIONARY JOURNEY WITH DOCS AND SLEDS IN HUDSON BAY

The Eskimos of the Frozen North AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR BELIEFS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND NEEDS BY THE REV. E. J. PECK, MISSIONARY TO THE ESKIMOS Representative of the Church Missionary Society, London HE Eskimos- truly a and beliefs, but, still, how much re- wonderful p e 0 pIe ! mains obscure. For when we at- tempt to unravel the intricate points, T What interest and ro- particularly in connection with their mance surround their religious beliefs, we are confronted with not a few difficulties. We also m. lives! Their early his- have a most difficult language to tory, how obscure; master. The people are particularly their ice-bound homes, how dreary; reticent in speaking of their religious their struggle for existence, how customs. Their traditions are of a brave. When we glance over the most fragmentary nature, and, in thrilling records of Arctic explorers, some localities, differences of opinion the Eskimos, in not a few instances, prevail in reference to such matters. occupy an important place in help- It is, therefore, with considerable ing to open the secrets of the Polar diffidence that one attempts to handle wastes. Davis, Ross, Parry, Kane, such complex problems. But I have and others speak of them, and gladly lived among the Eskimos of Hudson recognize their help. The touching Bay and Baffin Land for many years, evidences of Sir John Franklin's fate and have visited them in other places. were first gathered by Dr. Rae from I have also gathered from the people their hands. Admiral Peary gladly themselves the information given acknowledges his indebtedness to here. this noble people. Year by year they helped him to push North, and, A Supreme Being finally, they went with him to the Pole. Boas, Nansen, Amundsen, There is, particularly among the Steffanson, and others have written Eskimos living at and near Frobisher much regarding their lives, customs, Bay, some conception of a great

ruler, who is called "Kollekpang- chief features, first, the maiming and meut Innungat," i.e., the governor of driving away of Sadna, and, second, a the people living in the highest. An period of so-called rejoicing because Eskimo, gavE me an account of this this spirit of evil had been OVErcome, heavenly ruler, of which the follow- at least for a time. ing is almost a literal translation: Next in importance to these three "There lives above a man who has ruling spirits are the innue (innua), no wife. He is the owner of a land i.e., "owners," beings of animate, and and a house, both of which are very in many cases, inanimate objects. beautiful and bright. There are Indeed, we may almost say that the many spirits living' in this place of Eskimos believe in an animate world, light. Vhen the anniversaries of for many objects which we look upon their death arrive, such times are as inanimate are said by the Eski- considered, not reasons of sorrow, mos to have their person, being, ex- but of joy. On such occasions the istence. Thus we hear such expres- spirits of the departed go out and sions as Kakkaub innullga, i.e., the hunt, and all food thus obtained is mountain's person, owner, etC. given to the governor of this placE, who himself takes care of his large N early all, and in some localities family." probably all, of these may become the familiar spirits of the angakoet (con- Besides this remarkable lord, the jurors). They are then called ton- Eskimos of Cumberland Sound speak gait. TheSE spirits become agents of two other great spirits, one, the through whom variOUS commands goddess of the land, called Nunaub are given to the conjurors, and, Inl1unga, i.e., the land's ruler, and through the conjurors, to the people. another, the goddess of Evil, called Sadna, who is said to live with her The tongait may be divided into father and a dog in a cave below the three classes: (I) Those located in sea. The Sadna tradition contains heaven; (2) Those on the earth; (3) the following: Those in the sea or under the earth. ThE writer finds, after collecting The heathen Eskimos of Baffin the names of over three hundred of Land believe that whales and seals these spirits, that there is much of belong to Sadna, which she can with- interest in connection with Eskimo hold or give, according to her pleas- mythology. Some of the tongait are ure. Sadna is often filled with considered agents of evil and some wrath, particularly if various cus- of good. The striking points contoms connected with the capture of nected with the good spirits are such animals are not obeyed. Not these: They often appear clad in only can she thus cause great dis- white, or they diffuse light, which tress among the pEople, but she can, shines from their bodies or garparticularly in the autumn, cause ments. Evidently, light is considfurious storms to rage. The Sadna ered a sign of joy, health, and prosceremony, which before the intro- perity. Some, again, are remarkably duction of Christianity was quite quick in their movemmts, which common, was, in some respects, of a seems to imply knowledge and dismost immoral nature, and had two cernment. The evil spirits, on the

MISSION STATIONS INDICATED ON THE

Southeastern Alaska. Denominational Interior Alaska. Denominational Metlakahtla Nume1ral:s Fairbanks Numerals Saxman Chatanika Ketchikan 12 Chena 1, 2, 4, 5 Loring 1 Eagle 1 Howkan 1, 2, 5 Circle 1 Hydaburg 1 Ft. Yukon 2 Craig 1 Tolovana 2 Klawock Nenana .. 2 Kasaan ., 1, 2, 4 Tanana .. 2 Wrangell 10 St. James 2 Petersburg Ruby 2 Kake 3 Allakaket 2 Killisnoo 1, 2, 3 Nulato 1 Sitka 1, 6 Anvik 2 Douglas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Holy Cross 4 Juneau Iditarod .. 2 Flat 4 1. 4 1 Hoonah 1 Ikogmut 3 Haines 1 Western and Northern Alaska. Klukwan 1,2, 4, 5 Skagway St. Michael 3,4 Yakutat, . 7 Unalaklik 7 Golovin 7 Southern Alaska. Council 10 Cordova Copper Center 1, 2, 4 Nome 2,4,5,6 Unga 9 Chignik 3 Sinuk 5 Katmai 3 Kodiak 3 Teller 1 Wood Island 3 Seldovia .. 9 Teller Mission 10 Kenai 3 Susitna 3 St. Lawrence (Gambell) .. 1 Knik 1 Hope 1 Wales 6 Seward 1 Valdez 2,4, 5 Kotzebue 11 2,4, 6 Tigara 2 Barrow .. 1 Cape Smyth 1 Bethel 8 Tuluksak 8 Quinkagak 8 Togiak ,. 8 Nushagak 1, 3 Ellamar 3 Unalaska 3, 5 COMMUNIONS HAVING MISSIONS IN ALASKA Denominational Number of Numerals MiS5ions 1 Presbyterian 31 2 Protestant Episcopal 20 3 Greek Catholic 14 4 Roman Catholic " 12 5 Methodist Episcopal .. 8 6 Congregational 4 7 Swedish Evangelical .. 3 8 Moravian 4 9 Baptist 2 10 .. Lutheran 3 11 Friends 1 12 Independent (William Duncan's Mission) 1

ESKIMOS OF THE FROZEN

ESKIMO WOMEN OF BLACKLEAD ISLAND Audlaktak. Is like a large bird, which has white and black plumage. other hand, are sometimes dark in It goes up to heaven, and brings appearance, or of a dreadful form. down light on the back of its head It is not within the scope of this ar- from the realms of light. ticle to deal fully with the subject of Eskimo mythology, so I just give 3. Those in the sea.-Angalutaluk. the names of a few of the tongait to Like a large seal when on top of a iIIustrate the above remarks. piece of ice, but like a human being when in the water. When a hunter 1. Spirits living in heaven.-Ak- goes to attack this creature, it turns sakak. A spirit of joy. Appears in into a man and kills the Eskimo. the form of a man. Has quite a number of string-like appendages on Uvelukkeut. In appearance like a his garments, VI' hicb, as they move man. It is said to destroy the Esabout, send forth rays of light. His kimo hunters by drawing their body is also full of light. canoes under water. A striking illus- tration of the Eskimo belief in evil Ubloreaktalik. Has a house in spirits came under the writer's noheaven. Has a star in his dwelling. tice during the early years of his His habitation is like transparent missionary life in Hudson Bay. A glass. hl1nter having been drowned, his canoe was picked up with a hole in 2. Those on the land.-Atsungerk. the bottom, and his death was at- Like a giant. He is fastened to the earth with a line. When this line E. J. PECK becomes loose the weather becomes For some years Arctic Missionary to Blacklead windy, but calm when the line shrinks. Island, Cumberland Sound

tributed, by some of the people, at are of a propitiatory nature, and are least, to an evil spirit. directed to the animal captured. Small portions of the victim's body The conj urors are called by the are cut off, and in Hudson Bay Eskimos, angakoet, i.e., clever men. are spoken of as the slain one's ak- In considering the position and office kinga (i.e., its payor ransom), which of these men, it is of great impor- is doubtless an offering for "the hence to know that the Eskimos be- soul's life," which has been removed lieve that not only human beings, through death from the creature but animals have souls. Now, the killed. It is well, however, in this tongait (the spirits mentioned) have connection to mention that, altho the power over the souls of animals. soul has been removed from the ThEY can, therefore, when solicited body, yet the soul of even an aniby the angakoet, render powerless mal, according to Eskimo belief, can what is called by the Eskimo, "the never die. life of the soul." This means, as far as the writer can discover, its active, Of a Future Life discerning powers, and the creature thus weakened, falls an easy prey to The Eskimos do believe in a futhe hunter. It is in this manner that ture life. Heavw, which is called the good spirits are said to be the "the very highest place," is a land real source of supply, because they of plenty, where great numbers, of readily respond to the conjuror's re- fat reindeer and seals are found. quests, and "give freely" to the The good go to this place. The good people. are those who have perished on hunt- ing expeditions, also women who Next, we have to consider that have died in childbirth, and those this active principle of "the soul's who have obeyed the various abstinlife" can not be given by the tongait ence and other customs already menwithout some recognition of its tioned. ThE bad, on the other hand, value, and here there are two points are those who have disregarded such trJ be considered; first, the spirit who rules and have refused to confess gives "the soul's life,~' and the ani- their transgressions, and have made mal from whom this active force has themselves objectionable to their been removed. Thus we have the neighbors by lack of liberality) threatkey which unlocks and unfolds to us ening language, and murderous dethe meaning of most of the peculiar signs. These go to a place of mispropitiatory and prohibitive customs ery. In Baffin Land, Sadna, the god- -customs which are ordered by the dess of evil, deals with such, but it spirits, and which, if stubbornly s::ems uncertain if the spirits of all transgressed, bring sickness and, it such evil-doers remain in her abode of darkness forever. Judging, howis said, death upon the transgressor. ever, from some accounts which the writer has received from the people, These customs refer to various rules some of the spirits of the lost do rein reference to eating, hunting, dress- turn from this place of misery. They ing of skins, particularly when the are then called Tupelat, and are con- Polar bear, walrus, and large species sidered dangerous to the community. of seal are captured; these are of a prohibitive nature. Others, however,

THE ESKIMOS OF THE FROZEN NORTH

Much might be written regarding (See map, please.) While on their the peculiar customs connected with way they saw three Polar bears. death and burial, also concerning the Having no firearms, they attacked conjuror's incantations in cases of this formidable band with knives, sickness and bad weather; how pay- which they tied to harpoon shafts. ment is given for the conjuror's ser- Armed with these strange weapons vices; of the different classes of con- they actually killed all these ferocious jurors; of the candidates for the in- creatures. The writer has also known canter's office, also concerning some other Eskimos who have h~d wonderwomen, who, altho not Angakomaret fu I encounters with "Master Bruin."

THE MISSION CHURCH AT BLACKLEAD ISLAND (i.e., complete conjurors), still carry They, however, seemed to think such on a system of incantation quite their incidents hardly worthy of notice, own. Passing by these points, how- and, indeed, show little fear in atever, we now consider- tacking even the dangerous walrus in their frail canoes. Instances occur, Eskimo Characteristics however, when these brave fellows are badly wounded or killed during The Eskimos are a brave people. these awful battles. I have also met During their hunting adventures, and Eskimos who have been maimed, or in other trying circumstances, the badly frozen, while engaged in seal brave, manly spirit of these Northern hunting. heroes shine forth. Nerve, endurance, coolness, courage, and vigor Let us glance for a moment at ace characteristics which we all ad- these men of iron. vVhere are they? mire, and such are seen to perfection Miles from the land on the vast, white in the Eskimo hunter. Here are a expanse of ice. We see, here and few incidents: there, snow shelters, about three feet high. Sitting on a block of snow in- Two Eskimos were traveling on side these cold walls is the hunter. the frozen sea to Little Whale River.

Here he watches and waits in a tem- pairing the clothing and footgear of perature sometimes forty below zero. their husbands and children. When He may have to wait for hours. For we remember that every article of one seal may have several breathing- wearing apparel is made of the skins holes. At last our Nimrod hears the of the animals captured in the chase; gurgling, blowing noise, as the seal and when we consider that before rises up into the conical-shaped cav- they are fit to be sewn, they have to ity below. With a well-directed aim, be prepared at great cost of time and he drives his harpoon through the labor, it is easy to understand that breathing-hole. If the game is struck an Eskimo woman's work is never then a terrible struggle goes on, the done. I ought also to mention their seal pulling one way and the hunter cheerful optimistic dispositions and the other. So strong are the large their teachable spirit. Seldom does seals that- not a few of our Arctic one see, even in the most trying cir- friends have lost some of their fin- cumstances, an Eskimo who has lost gers and, perhaps, a thumb in the all hope, and never have I known an fray. For it is only at the last ex- Eskimo who positively refused in- tremity that they let go the harpoon- struction. But much as one loves line with the harpoon and seal at- this people, one can not, without tached, which, needless to say, are leaving an erroneous impression 011 precious items in the eyes of a poor, the minds of our readers, pass over hungry Eskimo. I ought also to the dark side of their characters. mention here that some of the Eski- Immoral practises, chiefly connected mo women in Baffin Land are but with their religious ideas, of the most little inferior to the men as hunters; 5 <:nsual, debasing, and unmentionable indeed, they often prove quite skilful nature, practises which exceed that in the use of the harpoon and the awful picture of heathen depravity as gun. recorded in the 1st chapter and the 26th and 27th verses of St. Paul's The Eskimos are also an indus- Epistle to the Romans, are only too trious people. It might well be sup- common among the non-evangelized posed that this people, especially dur- Eskimos. Their cruel treatment of ing some seasons, have nothing to the aged, particularly in times of do. But this is by no means so. Both sickness, when they are left by the in summer and winter food must be heathen alone to die, is another sad sought, and as nothing can be raised picture of human depravity. Truth- from the soil, animal food is "the fulness is certainly not a trait of Es- staff of life" for the Eskimos. Should kimo character, and in some locali- stormy days interfere with the hun- ties especially, the sin of stealing is ter's usual occupation, the time is practised in a most subtle and in- utilized in making or repairing his genious manner. While speaking of -hunting implements, mending his the people's characteristics, I ought dog's harness, or, perhaps, preparing to say that some who have visited or material for a sledge, or for the lived with the Eskimos but a short frame of a canoe. During the time time, and have naturally admired -the hunters are away the women em- their brave, industrious, and kindly 'ploy themselves in making or re-

ESKIMOS OF THE FROZEN NORTH

traits of character, but who have not ?lew dwellings are certainly more known the people's language, or the healthy and cleanly than those who hidden depths of depravity into live for any length of time in their which they have sunk, have arrived old snow-houses, or in ill-ventilated at the strange conclusion that they can well do without missionaries, and had vetter be left to themselves, out; What do the Eskimos need? In- deed, what does every man need?

Surely, the gospeJ! And what is the gospel? Christ Himself; Christ, the Savior; Christ, the life; Christ, the truth; Christ, our peace; Christ, our alL And this same Savior, "who .was made unto us wisdom from God," has said, "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to the whole creation," and from this com- mand there can be no appeal. And is it not a fact that wherever this life-giving message is carried, even through the medium of weak instru- ments, there, through the power of REV. E. W. T. GREENSHIELD the Holy Ghost, souls arE saved, and lives transformed? But, joined to Church of England Missionary in B1acklead Island this vital appeal we ought to use common sense methods to meet the wood or turf-roofed habitations, physical and other needs of this which they use in some parts of the brave and deserving people. And in Arctic regions. Again, the use of this connection it is certainly not biscuit and other articles of diet in- wise to try and Europeali.ize the Es- troduced by white men, if carried to kimos, but we ought to let the Gos- any great extent, is calculated to un- pel's wonderful power permeate their dermine the people's constitutions, lives in their na~ural environments, and they ought, therefore, to be used and in their natural mode of life. with discretion. . True, there are times This means, for them, particularly in when, through stress of weather, the winter months, traveling in small hunting is impossible. At such sea- bands over wide areas. For they sons everything possible ought to be can by this me.ans obtain a larger done to help them. And I am supply of food. thankful to say that, through assist- It is well, therefore, not to try and ance given by the Canadian Govern- gather the people in communities at ment, the Hudson Bay Company, and mission stations or trading posts, but, Christian missions, much has been rather, encourage them to follow done to tide them over such periods their own mode of life. The Es- of need. Again, it should be the ob- kimos who move about and build ject of those who barter with the Es-

OUTGOING ESKIMO MISSIONARIES OF BLACKLEAD ISLAND A group of friends bidding farewell to Peter Tooloogakpiak and his wife on their departure for a dista llt settlement kimos to supply them with really there are over one hundred converts useful articles, and we would par- to the Christian faith, and heathenticularly emphasize the absolute need ism, with its attendant vile pracof keeping far away from them in- tises, has been practically overtoxicating liquors. For an Eskimo thrown. Fully four hpndred can soon becomes a kind of maniac when read portions, at least, of the New under the influence of what the In- Testament, the Book of Genesis, and dians graphically but truly call, "fire- other spiritual helps which have been water." prepared for them in thEir own lan- guage. There are also two efficient And now, readers will, naturally, native catechists who minister to the inquire: What has the gospel done spiritual needs of their own people. for the Eskimos? What results can Unsolicited testimonies have come to be shown? Results in their fullest hand, from Government officials and sense, can only be known to God. others, that show, in a striking man- The Holy Spirit is the giver of life, ner, the transforming power of we are only his instruments. Much, Christ's love upon this race. And doubtless, that we, in our ignorance, through the people themselves God have considered fruitless, will be has sent evidences to many in othEr found, to our joy, full of fruit in the lands of the reality of their Chriscoming glory. There are, however, tian faith and practise. I just mentangible evidences ·Even now of what tion one. In 1909, the Rev. E. W. God has wrought among this people. T. Greenshield returned to his much- For, speaking of Baffin Land alone,

loved work at Blacklead Island, in from a terrible fate. Finally, in the Cumberland Sound. He embarked in following year, another vessel provia Danish vessel called the Heindel, dentially called at the station, and which had been chartered by a trad- they ultimately reached their own ing firm. When about forty miles country in safety. The Queen of from its destination, on a dark and Holland, hearing of such noble acts, tempestuous night, the vessel struck made Mr. Greenshield a Knight of an iceberg. As the shattered craft the Order of the Orange Nassau, slowly sank Mr. Greenshield, with and sent, through our friend's hands, the brave sailors, managed to throw tangible evidences of her Majesty's some ship's biscuit into the ship's appreciation of the Christian love of boat, which was, fortunately, ready these poor Eskimos. And nothing for use. Mr. Greenshield was the has touched the writer's heart so only one who knew anything of this much as the receipt of various barren region, and he, with great letters written in and sent from difficulty, managed to pilot the boat those icy waters. Such messages amidst the scattered floes and bergs are those of brothers and sisters in to Blacklead Island. Here the Chris- Christ, written in a most encouraging tian Eskimos received their mission- and loving spirit, and when we reary and the shipwrecked men with member that some twenty years ago the greatest kindness. They shared the Eskimos of Baffin Land had 110t with thrm, during a long and trying the slightest knowledge of reading or winter, their limited catch of seals, writing, we can sec that, even from walrus, etc. So were they preserved an intellectual and educational point THE LANDING PLACE AT BLACKLEAD ISLAND, CUMBERLAND SOUND

of view, much has been done for to win the Arctic wilds for Christ. their benefit. And now I may, in And yet we havt the command, the conclusion, show briefly what re- presence, and the power of the Great ma,ins to be done. Many of the re- Missionary of the ages behind us, gions are still unevangelized, and and for us, in a work like this. We many are waiting for the gospel. Eskimo missionaries, therefore, look forward, through the Holy Spirit's It is estimated, taking a low figure, teaching, prompting, and soul-inspirthat some twelve million dollars have ing power, for more earnest prayer, been spmt, and over six hundred for hearty sympathy, and for many lives sacrificed, in connection with free-will offerings, so that the utter- Arctic and Antarctic expeditions; but most parts of th~ earth may be won how insignificant, in comparison, are for our Lord. the sums given or the sacrifices made MISSIONS AND LACE By WILLIAM M. VORIES [The people of the United States, a few years ago, spent sixty million uollars in one year for lace. They gave in that year. all Protestilnt denominations included, seven million dollars for foreign missions. The amounts have changed since that time, but the disproportion in expenuiture remains the same.-EDIToR.] Eleven cents for missions and a dollar bill for lace Is our index of proportion; shows our zeal to save the race. Said the Lord to His disciples: "Bring an offering to-day For the famine-stricken people who are suffering far away."

And His sleek, well-fed disciples, looking up into His face, Made reply, "We'd like to do it, but we spent so much for lace." Said the Loru: "Seek first my kingdom to establish among men; Teach the dead in sin and evil, they can rise through Me again."

So they gave their extra pennies and they sent a man of grace To conduct a penny mission-but the dollars went for lace. Said the Lord: "A tiny army mighty things for God hath done: But He calls for tenfold measures that the millions may be won."

But they answered: "Lord, have patience: we can't hope to win the race. Leave some work for our descendants; leave us something for our lace!" Said the Lord at last, in sorrow: "Sleep ye on, 0 faithless race; Take your case a.mong your rose-paths and your blood-bought bolts of lace!"

But His people made remonstrance: "Lord, take not with us offense; We have not forgot Thy kingdom-la, we give eleven cents!" Thus eleven cents for missions and a aollar bill for lace Is our index of proportion; shows our zeal to save the race.

-The Japan Evangelist.

Power of Sacrifice*

J:Y REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D,D., ClIRO, EGYPT IA]LL true work for God Everybody knows it, the worldling as and man involves sacri- well as the Christian. His life is our fice. Statesmanship is pattern: the sacrifice of pro- vincialism and the nar- "0 Lord and Master of us all, row horizon of nation- Whate'er our name or sign, alism for a cosmopolitan view of the We own Thy sway, we hear Thy call, world. The only power money has We test Ollr lives by THINE." i~ the power that is gained by pouring it out by investment, not by hoarding I n that wonderful novel by Victor it. The only possibility for cooper- Hugo, "Les Miserables," we read that ation and union is in the sacrifice of Jean Valjean, at the point of death, personal preferences or prej l1dices for having sacrificed and suffered, pointed the good of all. to the crucifix of Jesus, and said: " It is nothing to die, it is a dreadful thing Sacrifice is a force to be wielded in 110t to live." We have not measured the work of missions, The word the sacrifice of Jesus Christ if we comes from the Latin sacer facio, "to think His sacrifice was only the sacrimake sacred" by putting to the death. fice on the Cross. God so loved the It is a word that is full of blood; a world that He gave up, and the sacriword that we only see in its fullest fice of Jesus, the supreme sacrifice, significance in the Old Testament on was the incarnation; His death on the the altar, and in the New Testament Cross was but the culmination of that or. the Cross. As the very heart of great sacrifice for men. the Olel Testament teaching was the great altar, and as the heart of the Pour great commissions are given teaching of the New Testament is the to us through four evangelists. Cross of Christ, so the very name missionary enterprise spells sacrifice. Matthew tells us why we are to go. "All power is given unto me, go ye When God so loved the world as to give His only begotten Son that who- thereforc.'~ soever believeth in Him shaH not perish but have everlasting life, He Mark tells us where we are to go. laid the foundations of missions in His "To the uttermost parts of the earth." own heart blood. Luke tells us in what order we are This power of sacrifice finds its to go, and' that order is fundamental: supreme example and its highest at- "Beginning at Jerusalem"~n'ow, at tainment in the life and death of Jesus college, at home, in your own City- Christ our Savior and our Lord. out into the uttermost parts of Turkey, China, Arabia, Africa.

John lays bare the heart of Christ in the great commission, and shows us the spirit in which we are to go.

* From an address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, January 3. 1914.

"Jesus came and stood in the midst for the Kingdom of God than the and saith unto them, Peace be unto Japanese soldiers manifest for their you. And when He had said this, He country? showed unto them His hands and His side . . . . .Jesus said to them again, The spirit of sacrifice is the great Peace be unto you; as the Father hath unwielded power of the missions to- sent ]1,1e, e11en so send 1 you." day. The colleges in which there is the noblest missionary spirit are those Thorwaldsen seized that thought from which men have gone to lay when he chiseled from the marble his down their lives on the foreign field. great statue of the risen Christ at The very names of these martyr mis- Copenhagen. As I looked at it not sionaries draw men now to surrender long ago and saw that wonderful their own lives in service. Nat only Christ after the resurrection, with have the scars of Jesus Christ this pierced hands and riven sides, with tremendous power of attraction, but the twelve disciples ranged down the they are the sole test of our faithful- sides of the church on either side of ness as messengers of the Cross of Him-I understood the message: "As Jesus Christ, as apostles of a world- My Father hath sent Me, even so do I wide Gospel, as laymen who have send you." There is no power so dared to call themselves followers of great 'as the power of S(acrifice to Christ. draw men to follow Jesus Christ, the Son of God. The scars of Jesus Christ are the test of true discipleship. Who can During the war between China and write in the diary of his daily life, as Japan one of the soldiers on a war- Paul did, "Henceforth let no man ship was found sobbing over a trouble me, I bear in my body the woman's letter. His officer accused brand-marks, the scars of the Lord him of being a coward, crying there Jesus ?" The man who can do that, when he ought to be fighting. For can wield the rower of sacrifice with reply the soldier handed the letter to sincerity: the man that -can do that his officer, who saw that it was from without hypocrisy, without flinching the man's mother, and contained some before God or man, is the man who such words as these: "I am so sorry has boldness to appeal to others. By to hear you did not join in the battle what right do we ask a Moslem con- of the Yellow Sea and that you could vert to tear himself loose from his old not distinguish yourself at Waihaiwai. environment, and face ostracisrl} and My dearest wish for you is that yon death; by what right do we ask a may die for your country. Remem- man in Korea or India to endure per- ber, if you do not fight bravely or die, secution and suffering and to become it will bring disgrace on our family." a hissing and a by-word, if he has The soldier was asked if he belonged to never seen in our lives the print of the the nobility, but he answered: "No, nails? my father was a fisherman and is dead, and I am the only son of my The scars of Jesus Christ, the print mother." Such is Japanese spirit of of the nails, the mark of the spear, . sacrifice for love of country. Shall are they imprinted on our aims, our we show less of a spirit of patriotism decisions, on our expenditures, on our ambitions, on our daily habits? Is

POWER OF SACRIFICE

there anything in my life or in yours needs men who can say with Paul: which shows the lacerations and tears "Now I rejoice to make up that which and blood and agony of Gethsemane is lacking of the sufferings of Jesus and Calvary? If there is, then are Christ in my body, for His body's sake we ordained by a power higher than which is the Church." any church to preach this gospel of reconciliation to a lost world. Is the Let me give one example. The shadow of the Cross on our cash ac- doors of Afghanistan are still closed, c(1unt, whether we are rich or poor? but they once were opened for a Do we give for the Kingdom of God moment. The late Dr. T. L. Pennell as a mere side issue, or is there on each of Bannu, tells of Abdul Karim, a gift for Christ's Kingdom the print of baptised Christian, who ventured the nails and the mark of the spear? alone into Afghanistan with the Mes~ The private letters and papers of the sage. He was dragged to Kabul as a late ·William Borden, the millionaire prisoner, laden with chains, was dis~ missionary, who died in Cairo last missed with a soldier guard to go back year, show plainly the power of finan- to India, was waylaid in a cave and cial sacrifice, and prove that he con- told, "You shall revoke your belief; stantly and deliberately denied him- you shall say with your own lips, 'Moself for the Kingdom of God. hammed is God's apostle.''' He re~ plied, "I wil1 never say it." They cut This spirit of sacrifice is the high- off his right hand. He repeated, "I est demand of the Christian life. The will never say it," and they cut off his 'postle Paul mentions three stages in left hand; and then, while he still witthe Christian life: "That I might know nessed, they pulled out his tongue, but Him"-that is the first; "And the still he tried to mutter, "Jesus Christ, pow~r of his resurrection"-that is my Lord." Then he died. the second; "And the fellowship of His suffering"-that is the third. This is the power that will yet open The highest names in missionary his- all the dark lands of Asia and Africa; tory are those of the men who have this is the power before which all suffered most. The price of Africa doors will fall off their hinges. This and of India was paid in blood. The is the power that will transform our unoccupied fields of the world are call- colleges, and our cities. This is the ing for physical sacrifice, for intellec- power that will bring money into the tual sacrifice, for sacrifice of am- treasury and send men into the field. bitions, for spiritual sacrifice. On the The greatest power we can gain is by mission field as on the Cross of Cal- somewhere and somehow having in vary the sufferings of the soul are, our lives the scars of Jesus Christ. after all, the soul of the suffering. It is not the outside things that count. I "See from His hands, His side, His feet, think of mothers, of children, of Sorrow and love flow mingling down; homes broken, of home~ties stretched or torn asunder, of disappointed hopes, Did ere such love and sorrow meet, of long agonies and waitings and Or thorns compose so rich a crown? hopes deferred, and hearts sick, and I affirm that the missionary enterprise "Were the whole realm of Nature mine, That were an offering far too small; Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all."

l'he Christian Message

Mohammedans BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D. For Half a Century a Missional-Y in .Constantinople ~.I N the. newly awakened such material good things as "gaours" conSCIOusness among possess if the desire involves great Christians of the VVest exertion or in any degree jeopardizes of our duty to the non- the social order or fails to vindicate Christian world spe- our claim to superiority over all non- cial attention has been Mohammedans." directed to the fact that fully oneeighth of the population of the world The new 11 obammedans are diare Mohammedans. They are de- vided into two classes, and the moral votees of a form of religion which cleavage between them is greater has conspicuously failed to keep its than that between their co-religionists followers in the line of modern of the old school and what may be human progress or give them mental called the Muslim new school. or moral uplift or fit them for acceptance with a holy God. Many of the most enterprising and assertive of the new Mohammedans Just what is our duty in relation to are either indifferent to all religion, Mohammedans and how is it to be or they are materialists, or even discharged? atheists, while they wear the cloak of their ancestral faith. They do Perhaps we shall be able to see this because it is impolitic and ~ould light on our path if we first ascertain defeat their ambitions-and possibly what is the present attitude of Mo- patriotic plans-for them to break hammedans toward Christians, how openly with the old Mohammedans. we are to adjust ourselves to the changed attitude, and just what we There is another, better, and probare going to invite devotees of Islam ably larger Muslim class who are to accept at our hands. sincerely desirous of introducing "adical reforms not only into govern- We may, for convenience, divide mental administration, but into edu- Mohammedans into two classes-old cation and the social order. These Mohammedans and new Mohamme- men are found in every Mohammedans. The old are probably 95 dan land, less in Arabia and Egypt per cent. bf the whole 200,000,- and North Africa than in Turkey, 000. By old Mohammedans we mean Persia and India. Among them not those untouched by the religious a few have the utmost respect for movements of the modern world. In Christianity and its founder. These the view of a large majority of these, men criticise, not unjustly, the un- Islam is beyond all question superior christian conduct of Christians, their to all other religions. To doubt this greed, their unfaithfulness to treaties, is a sin. "One must not desire even their indifference to the requirements of their own faith. In this class ment to their own religious observ- there are a few influential men ances is very strong. They must not whose leaning toward Christianity is perform their worship of the One sincere, but who are repelled by God except with clean hands and what they know of Christians and feet. They are called to worship by Christian history. They cling to the musical voice of the muezzin their old faith, but they praise and from the gallery of the minaret.

desire to possess the material, edu- They are wakened every morning cational, and moral fruits of Chris- very early by this inspiring call.

tianity. Change one word in the call and it Any relations into which, as Chris- becomes wholly Christian, for the tians, we can enter with devotees of most devout Christian can accept, Islam will naturally begin with men can adopt the name Muslim-that is of this class. Let us see if we can "surrendered to God."

put ourselves into touch with their It is well known that Mohammed habit of thought and feeling. Note, . for the first ten years of his ministry first, the grip of an ancestral religion to the people of Arabia joined hands even upon men who have lost all with Jews and Christians in opposi- hope of good from that religion, and tion to the prevailing idolatry, and yet outwardly cling to the faith of It has been argued with cogency that their fathers in a formal profession Islan1 is not a new and independent of that faith. These are the very religion. Its theology is Jewish and men who feel most keenly the in- partly Christian. The disastrous justice of which M ussulman States divergence is seen in its gross moral have lately been the victims at the practise under early example. No hands of European "Christians." Tur- }Vfuslim dare condemn Mohammed's key and Persia have been ostentatious- lax personal morality or allow him ly welcomed into the fellowship of to be criticised, but many intelligent civilized states. But the treaty en- devotees of Islam would, if they gagements are ignored the moment dared, put Mohammed out and put those treaties clash with the inter- Jesus Christ into their creed and e~ts of the Great Powers. ido the formative principles of their The enlightened and liberal-minded personal, social and national life. It 11 uslim has, it may be, become is the position and attitude of these charmed with the story of Christ's men that should govern our approach life' and teaching as recorded in the to Mussulman peoples. Our object Gospels, but Christian life as he has is to win men already restless and hitherto seen it or learns about it unsatisfied under the demands of from history repels him. their ancient but outworn religion, a Devotees of Islam claim that their religion, however, which holds them religion is the religion of Abra- with hooks of steel. The challenge ham, "the friend of God" (I-Ialil to a Muslim to make a clean-cut, an L'IIah), and of Moses the great entire abandonment, of his ancestral prophet, and they hold the person of faith as a condition of sharing with "Hazretti Isa" (Jesus the Exalted) us the blessings of Christianity is in profound respect. Their attach- sure of rejection. It is a needless re-

pelling of men we greatly desire to in material prosper.ity and in educawin. Put Jesus Christ in Moham- tion, even behind these Greeks and med's place, certainly they must: Armenians. Your schools have done nay, in a place quite above him; and great things for them, but we are that will demand a struggle which left behind." will test all their strength of mind and heart and will. Intelligent sym- T he Missionary: "Our schools are pathy and yearning love will be our open to you also. You read our only weapons with which to help our books; you patronize our hospitals. brother make that struggle success- Vhy not send your sons and your fully. No battle cry, no crusade, no daughters to our schools?" martial array. Only a willing surrender to Christ is His demand of Riza: "A few of us have ventured any human soul. to do so, but most of us are afraid you will make them Christians, for Riza Bey and a Missionary we know you consider religious in- struction and worship a part of edu- In a little coupe of a Bosporus cation." steamer cabin, Riza Bey and a missionary casually meet and are alone. The Missionary: "We do not make After salutations, Riza, with a Turk- or pennit any attack upon another's ish New Testament in his hand, says, faith, but we are fully convinced that "I have been reading in your lnj il for all our pupils, of whatever rethe record of the life and teaching ligion, the best teaching we can give and wonderful works of Jesus the is found in or based on the Book Exa1ted~n Him be peace. I am you have been reading." deeply interested, but this Book does not seem to influence the life of Riza: "We can not accept your Christians here. Tho I haven't doctrine of the Trinity, or call J est1s been to Europe I have read European God." history, and it doesn't seem possible that those people ever heard of the The Missiona.ry: "What you have Injil. A Christian surely ought to to do is to study and accept the follow Jesus Christ, but I don't see teaching of this Book. Then the anybody following Him." doctrine of the Trinity, like other Church creeds, will take care of it- The Missionary: "I am glad to self. We can penetrate but a little see you are looking in the right direc- way, either in direct assertion or in tion to find what Christianity really denial, into the deep things that is. Vve have many records in our concern the being and attributes of languages of men who have lived as God. You believe that God is One. that Book bids them live, and there So do we. By the very name of are such men, and women, too, all your religion YOll surrender your over the world to-day, but the world will to God. That is you are Mustakes note, the rather, of the many lim. I fully appreciate the signifiwho are Christian but in name." cance of that name. You have read in the Inj i1 that J eSllS claims that it Riza: "We are far behind the is through Him alone that God the Christians of Europe and America Father is fully revealed to men."

Riza: "The character of Jesus is altogether unmatched in our sacred

CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO

books, I confess. I'm glad to have Christians of Europe in the past, met you; hope we may meet again their bitter rivalries in recent years, to-nlorrow." the horrors of the second Balkan war. And is it any wonder that The Missionary: "Let us do so. Mussulman peoples are ready to die Meantime I hope you will continue rather than abandon their ancient reading this Book." faith to accept Christianity as it. has been revealed to them by those who "Allaha ismarladuk," have profest the faith of Christ? (To God we commend you.) "Allaha emanet olunuz," There are some thousands of Mo- (Remain in God's safe keeping.) hammedans, mostly from the Nearer If sLlch a meeting of Muslim and East, in our own country, observant Christian is possible-and it is both of our way of living, and especially possible and actual-what shall we of our attitude toward their own and say of the relation which should sub- other Mussulman peoples. sist between Muslim and Christian peoples? In the wide field of na- In our Christian efforts in Mussultional and international relations Mo- man lands our concern is not with hammedans have a right to demand I~lam, but the rather with devotees fair play. of Islam, and they are our brothers, Large portions of the Mussulman not our foes. All workers in Mussulworld are now open to philanthropic, man countries agree in this. So our and even missionary work, if such approach to them must be and must work is wisely undertaken. Wisely appear to be peaceful and fraternal. undertaken! This will forbid our True, nothing so fires enthusiasm as proclaiming in the West, "Islam is a battle cry. We are thrilled by what the greatest enemy of Christianity. i" spectacular, and applaud the en- Let us arm and march together in thusiasm of great assemblies inspiran attack upon that foe." ingly led. But our battle cry will be Since the Turks heard the Bul- misinterpreted by those we wish to garians sing "Onward Christian sol- win. And let us not forget that the diers," they cling to their own way greatest forces in the spiritual as in of interpreting our use of military the material world are noiseless terms in Christian service. Even forces, but they are enduring and "The Son of God goes forth to war" irresistible. Such forces are work- HOW makes a sinister appeal to them. ing, have been working, for many We must not forget that in these years among Mohammedans. days Mohammedans are keenly watchful and suspicious of all move- The attitude of American missionments in the Christian world which aries and educators in Turkey, as touch their national or religious life. related to the Turks and other Mus- The telegraph and their daily press sulman peoples, is neighborly and report to them all we say or do that sympathetic. In recent years this affects them. They fully believe to- attitude has met with a gratifying day that Christians of the West look response on the part of the enupon them with hostile eyes. They lightened and influential men and recall the fratricidal wars among the women of those peoples. This re- sponse is exprest in a confidence in

our integrity and unselfish friendli- cially to meetings in the evenings, ness and desire to help them, which with a freedom unknown in past they give more unreservedly to us years. than to the best of their European friends. This is not all, nor is it the Observe that now the American most important fact of the present Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. situation. Lave entered and are becoming recog- nized forces in meeting the urgent The help Turkey most needs, and opportunity for Christian service in without which any amount of mate- the Ottoman Empire. rial aid from abroad will be futile, is that which will impart a new life to Add to all this the thousands of edu- those peoples. cated Evangelical Christians, native to the soil, who are all ready, with Intellectual, social, moral, and American Christians, to enter every spiritual renewal and uplift is their open door of influence tending to the vital need. mental, moral, and spiritual regener- ation of their Mussulman neighbors. How do Americans stand related to this need? Look at the ten Ameri- What an appeal all this makes to can colleges and the twenty high- the sympathy and the strong support schools, firmly established, at Con- of American Christians. Theirs is stantinople, Smyrna, Tarsus, Beirut, the high privilege of taking the lead- Aintab, Marash, Marsovan, Harpoot ing part in that character building on and Van, and at the other principal which depends the question of the strategic centers of the empire. Note decay or the rejuvenation of the that all these institutions are filled to Ottoman people. overflowing with pupils of all races, Mussulman and non-Mussulman, liv- Christian living, Christian teach- ing harmoniously together, and be- i]'g, Christian healing, Christian sym- hold your answer. pathy based on knowledge of the sad handicaps under which our Mussul- Add to this vast educational plant man brothers silently suffer-these the Christian presses of Beirut and are our equipment for the service we Constantinople, and those set up dur- are to render them. These assets ing the last six years in half a dozen need no heralding. They do need interior centers of educational work. powerful reinforcement and unwaver- ing confidence in their efficiency, and Measure, if you can, the signifi- the certainty of their ultimate victory cance of twelve hospitals and dispen- on the part of all who would win saries established by Americans in Nlohammedans to know and believe Turkey during the last score of years, in our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. where Musstilman patients, tens of thousands in number, are brought Let Christians of the West live . into close and always kindly touch Christ before Muslim eyes. Let with their Christian fellow country- them continue to do so as the years men; as well as with American Chris- and the decades pass, and before this tians. century ends our Muslim brothers, now in spiritual exile, will return and Note that· in the 'later years Turks f1l1d a royal welcome home. . come to Protestant chapels, espe-

OF TIlAKOl'1BAU'S V~I

};uw in the V0sscssioll of the V{esleyan nIethotlist 11issiollary SUl.:iety of London One Hundred Years of Wesleyan .-. Foreign Missions DY F. DEAVILLE WALKER, LONDON, ENGLAND Voluntary Evangelism HE foreign 111iSSiO.I1S of mT . the 'vVesleyan Metho- dist Church of Great In the year 1760, Nathaniel Gil- Britain began in no bert, a slaveholder and Speaker of ') formal way. There the House of Assembly in Antigua, Leeward Islands, called his own .- 1 was no direction of slaves together and preached to Conference. No committee was them. Cilbert himself had been con- formed; no plans were discl1st. The verted in London, two years earliet, work originated in the spontaneol1s uncler the preaching of Vesley; and and voluntary efforts of laymen and on his return to Antigua, to the dis- women, who, emigrating to the New may 0 f his friends, began to "call Vorld, sought to make known the sinners to repentance." In a few "glad tidings of great joy" to fellow years he gathered around him a colonists and N egro slave~ Like the little Methodist society of 200 mem- fisherman-apostles, they could not bers. Then another voluntary but speak the things they had seen worker-Joh11 Baxter, shipwright and heard. With full hearts they and local preacher-took up the sang: "vork, and in 1786 there were 2,000 "Oh that the world might taste and see members of our Church (chiefly of Negro race) in the island. The riches of His Grace !" Meanwhile, in the American colo- ******* nies, Irish Methodist emigrants were at work. Robert Strawbridge began "What can I do to make it known What Thou for all mankind hast done!"

And with such thoughts inspiring the work in Maryland about 1760.

and constraining them, they set to In his humble wooden cottage in work. Mrithout any human ordina- New York, Philip Embury preached tion or appointment they gathered to a few neighbors, until the room people around them and preached proved too small and a larger one the Gospel of Chris9 had to be found. Within two years

it became necessary to build a chapel At the age of twenty-four he be- (1768). A converted soldier-Cap- came mayor of the borough. But he tain Webb-preached ill Albany. heard a higher call, and left all to Long Island, and Philadelphia; and follow Christ. For a few years he another Irish emigrant, Lawrence labored as curate; but his evan- Coughlan, labored among the de- gelistic zeal was so great that oppograded settlers of N ewfoundlanc1 sition arose, and his vicar dismissed (1765), who "practised unchecked him. At this juncture he met Wesevery crime that can degrade human ley, and after conversation the venernature." Several Yorkshire Metho- able apostle laid his hand on the dists began a work in Nova Scotia in young man's shoulder and said: 1774; and at the close of the War of "Brother, go out, go out and Independence some of our members preach the Gospel to all the world." removed from the newly formed There can be no doubt as to John United States to Canada and laid the vVesley's own concern for the salvafoundations of a great work there. tion of the heathen, or his desire to provide for such a work as oppor- The First Missionaries tunity arose. But such thoughts were beyond the horizon of the These early voluntary efforts led majority of his followers, and it was gradualIy to more organized work. Dr. Coke's work to develop in Meth- The English Methodist Conference odism the missionary spirit, already of I769 sent out Richard Boardman latent but not yet manifest. His and Joseph Pilmoor in response to own heart became more and more urgent appeals from the infant imprest with the needs of the heathen churches; the one took charge of the world, and he yearned to make work in New York, and the other known the tidings of salvation. In in Philadelphia. Three years later his preaching he constantly transtwo more men were sent out, one of mitted his thoughts to his hearers, whom was Francis Asbury, who soon and carefully sowed in thousands of hecame the leader and organizer of hearts seed that speedily took root American Methodism-the Wesley of and bore fruit in world-wide misthe United States. These were the sions. In I783 he issued his "Plan first missions authorized by the Eng- of the Society for the Establishment lish Conference; and it should be of Missions Among the Heathen," noted that the men were sent out to thus forestaIIing by nine years Wilminister to British settlers. The liam Carey's famous pamphlet that idea of a mission to a non-Christian led to the formation of the Baptist people had not yet taken hold of ]V[issionary Society. Dr. Coke's the Church at home. "Plan" provided an organization and rules for a missionary society, with a In His own silent and wonderful committee, and an annual meeting of way, God was preparing a man to subscribers; and to it was attached a give the world-vision and the world- subscription list am 0 u n tin g to passion to British Methodism. After £663s. a striking career at Oxford, Thomas Coke settled down as a lawyer in his The missionary idea had now native town of Brecon, in Wales.

HUNDRED YEARS OF WESLEYAN

taken definite shape in Coke's mind. to his congregations on behalf of the His first idea was a mission to West Negro slaves of the West Indies, Africa, and he entered into corre- begged funds from door to door, and spondence with Charles .Grant, a called for more missionaries. In director of the East India Company, about a year he had collected the as to the possibility of a mission in Bengal also.

In the West Indies But before any actual steps could THOMAS COKE.. M.A.; D. C. L. be taken in either direction, an unmistakable providence called Coke to A pioneer of Wesleyan Missions begin the foreign missionary work of our Church in quite another part of necessary money, and in 1788 took the world. The God who rules the out three new men. It was now raging of the sea carried Coke and jJossible to occupy Barbados, Dothree Methodist preachers on the minica, and Nevis, and early in the wings of the tempest across the following year Tortola and Jamaica, Atlantic to the West Indies, and they also. During the next few years our landed in Antigua- two thousand· great missionary leaper crossed the miles from their intended destina- Atlantic time after 'time (eighteen tion. On Christmas morning, 1786, voyages altogether), carrying out new they landed from their hal f~wrecked workers, occupying new islands, and vessel on the very island where th e visiting the existing stations to conshipwright-preacher Baxter and his firm the churches. With tirele.s5 2,000 Negro converts were praying energy and self-sacrificing devotion for missionaries! Coke was not the he contrived to be both the organizer, man to misinterpret such a provi- collector, and treasurer at the home dence or to lose such an opportu- base, and the general-in-command on nity; and as he traveled from island the field itself. to island, it became still more clear that the lovely isles of the West By r804 the missionaries were were the appointed field. From that able to report 14,386 memberstime Dr. Coke lived to win the Negro only 222 of whom were whites. But race for Christ. Two of the preach·· many planters objected to their slaves ers he had with him were designated by Conference for work in Nova Scotia. Coke promptly set aside the official appointment and stationed his men at Antigua, St. Kitts, and St. Vincent. This may be regarded as the beginning of our foreign missionary work.

After a short VISit to America, Coke returned to England. Traveling from place to place, he appealed

being instructed, and fierce persecu- ill Paris at that time, and the valiant tion ensued; our workers were at- pioneer was compelled to retreat. tacked, and our chapels were Then came the Napoleonic wars; and wrecked by mobs of lawless whites. for fifteen years England knew no The Jamaica House of Assembly peace. The very real fear of a passed four times an act forbidding French 111vaSlOn shadowed tJ1e our missionaries to preach under country, and in spite of the vigilance heavy penalties in fines and im- of the British fleet, French cruisers prisonment, making it a criminal and privateers made ocean travel offense for a slave to enter a Chris- dangerous in the extreme. But these tian church, and inflicting thirty-nine difncu1ties were nothing to the lionlashes on any Negro who dared to hearted Coke, and he continued his pray aloud. In St. Eustatius women Atlantic journeys. Once the vessel were publicly flogged by the common by which he traveled was captured executioner for attending Methodist by a French pirate and he was landed meetings. In St. Vincent, Robert a friendless prisoner in Porto Rico- Gamble was so cruelly beaten by the robbed of all he possest. During mob that he died a few days later, those years of danger and distress and his colleague, Matthew Lumb, the work grew steadily and exwas thrown into prison. In Jamaica, tended to new islands. Bermuda, St. Henry Bleby was tarred and feath- Eustatius, and Trinidad were occuered, his wife was attacked, and her pied, and efforts were made to enter five-months-old baby nearly thrown Hayti and Guiana, also. The West out of the window. The persecution Indian work being now well estabgrew fiercer as the hOllr of emancipa- lished, Coke turned his attention to tion drew near. Then, after the his original idea of a West African great day of redemption, came the 1111SSlOn. The first attempt was a difficulty of leading a people unused failure; but in ISII a foothold was to freedom to use their ilberty aright. obtained in Sierra Leone, and from To-day we have a Christian com- it our missions in West Africa have munity of over one hundred thousand developed. ill the West Indies. India Opened to Missionaries France and West Africa In 1813 an Act of Parliament But the West Indian work did not opened India-long closed by the exhaust the boundless energy of East India Company-to messengers Thomas Coke. While the French of the Cross. This was on June 23rd; Revolution was in full swing he at- and three weeks later, in the Methtempted a mission to that unhappy odist Conference then assembled in country. He went to Paris himself, Liverpool, Dr. Coke proposed a mishired a disused church, and tried to sion to the East. The Conference gain a foothold. The Bastile had hesitated. Times were hard; money just fallen, and the city was seeth- scarce. The long strain oJ war had ing with rebellion and unrestrained impoverished the country, and there passion. Coke's plucky efforts were was little prospect of improvement, in vain-the Gospel was not wanted for Napoleon was still at large and

HUNDRED YEARS OF WESLEYAN MISSIONS

apparently as dangerous as ever. end of the year. But the great The great conqueror had just con- leader's work was done. He died cluded a successful campaign in Ger- at sea, and his body was committed many, and was even at that hour on to the deep. the Elbe with 400,000 men. At such a moment the dauntless apostle pro- The Missionary SOciety Organized jJounded a plan for a mission to Ceylon, India, Java, and South But before Coke started on his last Africa, and suggested that he should voyage, an event of great importance lead it himself 1 No wonder the Con- took place. Realizing that without ference hesitated. The more the pro- the trusted leader the responsibility posal was discust, the greater the difficulty appeared to be. Coke was A MISSION CIRCUIT IN SOUTH INDIA in his seventh decade. For thirty years he had been the Missionary S 0- There are over 600 villages and towns in a circle ciety himself. If he went to the East, fifty miles in diameter who would look after the existing missions and provide funds? Surely for carrying on the work must rest he could not be spared. But Coke or: other shoulders, George Morley spent the night in prayer, and on the and Jabez Bunting organized the morrow rose once more to plead famous meeting at Leeds (October for the enterprise. "If you do not 6, 1813), that has since been relet me go, you wilI break my heart," garded as the actual birthday of the he cried. He even offered to con- Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Sotribute £6,000 to the cost of the mis- ciety. sion from his private fortune. Gradually the opposition subsided-over- The newly formed society entered come by the devotion and persistency energetically into the enterprise com-. of the venerable leader. No mission- mitted to it. The India mission had ary enterprise was ever undertaken to be postponed for a couple of under circumstances that made it years, and Java dropt altogether. more heroic. Truly there were But six of Dr. Coke's band settled giants in those days-men of wide in Ceylon and laid the foundations vision and daring faith. But Thomas of the work in that island. Cape Coke towered above them all-his Town was occupied in 1814, and in great heart bursting with passion for the following year-the year of souls, his eyes wet with holy tears. Waterloo–men were sent to labor his voice now choking with emotion and entreaty, now ringing with triumph. Without him the mission could not have been possible. It was his last and greatest achievement. Seven men were appointed to go out with him-three for Ceylon, two for India, one fOf Java, one for South Africa. They left England at the

among the peasants of Normandy, bent joined himself to them, shared the slaves of Guiana, and the de- their wanderings for years, and at graded convicts of Australia. Year last, like another Joshua, led them after year new missions were under- to a country where it was possible taken and the methods developed for them to settle. From Buttersteadily as experience was acquired. worth, John Ayliff led a great com- pany of 16,000 Fingo slaves out of In South Africa bondage across the Great Kie River and settled them in land given to Barnabas Shaw and his devoted them by the Government. The Fingo wife settled among the wandering still speak of Ayliff as "our Moses." N amaqua, four hundred miles from Jn later years the work spread to the the Cape. By teaching them to Transvaal and Rhodesia. build houses and sow crops, Shaw induced his people to forsake their The White Man's Grave nomadic life and settle around his station at Lillyfontine. The trans- In West Africa the work was terformation was marvelous. From ribly hindered by the fearful climate. being lawless wanderers whose hand Men and women fell at their posts was against every man and every month after month. Of 300 missionman's hand against them, they be- aries and wives sent out, 94 died on came a contented and peaceful peo- the field. Scores fell victims within ple, with wide fields and large flocks a few days or weeks of landing; and and herds. And the spiritual trans- altogether about one hundred either formation was even more wonderful. died or were invalided home before The conception of the Good Shepherd they had fulfilled a year's service. attracted them, and they hastened to This fearful sacrifice of life meant enter His fold. Meanwhile, on the lack of continuity in the work as eastern side of South Africa, William well as serious financial loss. Sta- Shaw was laboring among the set- tions were sometimes closed for tlers and the strong and warlike years, and there was little effort to Kafir tribes. His plan was to form develop the institutions so necessary a string of stations right across the to the highest welfare of a mission. country toward Natal, and to-day the place-names on the map bear The outstanding figure is Thomas testimony to his enterprise and suc- Birch Freeman, born in England of cess. Frequently Kafir wars hin- black father and white mother. He dered the work; our stations were landed at Cape Coast in 1838. wrecked, our mlsslOnaries driven Within seven weeks his young wife away, and our people killed or scat- fell at his side. His colleagues died tered. While the two Shaws were one after another. But with bleeding doing their work-one on the West heart Freeman plunged into the and the other in the East-Samuel work and labored with unwearying Broadbent was toiling among the zeal (save for an interval of retireharried Baralong tribes of the in- ment) until his death on the field in terior. Driven from place to place 1890. In carrying out a great plan by fierce and vindictive foes, Broad- for the effective occupation of West Africa, he made frequent journeys

into the interior, visiting Coomassi, settlers, visiting their lonely farms, Dahomey, Abeokuta, and many other and gathering them from long displaces, thus laying the foundations tances to little services held in the for one of our most successful mis- kitchens of bush homesteads, until sions. The results have been beyond the sound of familiar hymns and all expectation. The sacrifices have faithful preaching brought tears to not been in vain, for to-day we have an adult Christian community of over 80,000. Nearly ·3,000 adult converts were baptized last year.

In the Indian Empire The work begun by Dr. Coke's MRS. CALVERT AND MRS. LYTH STOPPING A CANNIBAL missionaries in Ceylon, in 1814, soon spread to continental India; James FEAST IN THE FIJI ISLANDS (1849) Lynch occupying Madras in r817. From this center the mission ex- their eyes, and not infrequently tended to Negapatam (1820), to penitence to their hearts. In 1821 Mysore (1821), Bengal (1860), the Leigh was sent to commence a new United Provinces (1864), and mission- among the Maori of New Haidarabad State (r879). In 1887 Zealand. It is not easy to realize Bombay was occupied, and the work that at that time New Zealand was spread to the principal military sta- almost as cannibal as Fiji. With his tions of Northwestern India. The heroic young wife, Leigh settled at war of 1885-86 led to our entering the beautiful bay of Wangaroa, Burma, where we have now a well- where the local Maori had quite reestablished work. In the parts of cently killed and eaten the captain, the Indian Empire where we labor, crew, and passengers of a British we minister to all classes-British ship-whose wrecked hulk still lay soldiers and civilians, high and low upon the beach. Terrible were the caste Hindus, Mohammedans, Bud- scenes they witnessed, but at last a dhists, and the aboriginal Santals. The names of Elijah Hoole, William Arthur, W. O. Simpson, and Padri Elliott are inseparably connected with the work. Our greatest ingatherings have been among the outcaste Malas of Haidarabad, thousands of whom have been swept into the Kingdom of God.

Australasia and the Pacific In 1815 Samuel Leigh landed in New South Wales, where he labored for some years among the convict-

brighter day dawned, and cannibalism Opening a Closed Land passed forever. . Not until the middle of the cen- The Friendly Islands were occu- tury was it possible for the W. M. pied in the same year as New Zea- :11. S. to undertake a mission to land, and after years of discourage- China. At that time (and until ment the conversion of a powerful I 860) nllSslOnary work was only chief (who a few years later became possible in the five treaty ports-all king of the entire group) turned the the rest of the empire being fast tide of conquest. A great revival closed against the hated foreigner. broke out, led by King George, and The pioneers (George Piercy, Josiah the work was successful beyond all Cox, and William Beach) and their expectation. Indeed, the Pacific helpers worked in Canton for a deproved the most romantic of all our cade, and then the opening of the f1elds. mighty Yangtse (under the German treaty of 1861) gave Josiah Cox the From Tonga the Gospel was car- opportunity of settling in Hankow, ried to Fij i~perhaps the 1110st can- the "hub" of China. For some time nibal group in the Pacific. Here the COX CW. M. M. S.) and Griffith task proved one of exceptional diffi- John CL. M. S.) were the only culty. The terrible giant-chief, Protestant workers in the interior. Thakombau, offered a fierce oppo- From that date the whole of China SItIOn. He had himself taken part was nominally open, but the prejudice in more than a thousand cannibal and hatred continued, and riots were feasts, and was of ferocious disposi- frequent. A distinct turning point tion. "I hate your Christianity," he was the terrible famine in North cried. "Do you think you can ever China in I 877-80. Our saintly David keep us from wars and from eating Hill and two other missionaries left men? Never!" But the saintly life their stations to carry relief to the and early death of John Hunt, and starving multitudes of Shansi. Territhe self-sacrificing devotion of James ble were the scenes they witnessed Calvert began to make an impression. during the awful winter months. The At last, in 1854, the once terrible dead lay unburied on the frozen Thakombau yielded his proud, dark ground and were devoured by hunheart to Christ, and for the rest of gry wolves, who attacked even living his life proved a sincere and zealous people, also. So great were the ser- Christian. The back of heathenism vices David Hill rendered, that the was broken. In a few years can- Chinese Government ordered a tablet nibalism disappeared from Fij i, and to be erected in his honor. when Calvert finally left Fiji there was not an avowed heathen in the Not until after the Boxer rising group, but instead I04,000 regular was it possible for missionaries to attendants at public worship, 1,322 occupy the long-closed province of churches, and 1,824 schools. To-day, Hunan. After several pioneer out of a native population of 87,000, journeys, E. C. Cooper and a Chinese over 80,000 are W esleyans~more minister were stationed in the prothan the entire number of Wesleyans vincial capital in 1902, and we have in England at the death of Wesley. now a strong and growing work

HUNDRED YEARS OF WESLEYAN

with a line of stations across the fields. We have 385 British missionprovince. Medical work has always aries (not including wives), and the been a feature of our China mis- 'Vomen's Auxiliary has 94 unmarsions; we have now seven well- ried lady workers. Our full memequipped hospitals and several dis- bers number 129,000, and our total pensaries. The future is bright with adult baptized community 287,000; hope.

The Independent Conferences As the years have passed our mis- .11.. sions in some fields have become selfsupporting, and as a natural conse- EtJROI'£CEYlllI.==QlI~=:~ quence, self-governing and selfpropagating. Thus the work in l.uCXl aDOO18,OOc!3,OO(l5tNXl.lI,OCIO-35pOQ.53OOQ Canada, Australasia, and South Africa (Cape Colony, Orange River Wesleyan Members and Wesleyan Membetrs and Free State, and Natal, only) have now separate and independent con- Probationers on Mission Probationers of rndeferences, and are no longer under the care of the parent British con- Fields pendent Conferences ference and the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society. Each has its there are over 116,000 children in own allotted sphere of missionary our elementary schools, and over work. 9,000 students in our colleges and high schools. 'Ve have 336 ordained Present Work of the Wesleyans native ministers, 879 catechists, 303 Bible women, 4,200 paid teachers in The Missionary Society now car- our educational institutions. ries on operations in France, Italy, Sp~in, Portugal, Ceylon, North In October, 1913, the centenary of India, South India, Burma, China, the Society was celebrated by great the Transvaal, Rhodesia, the Gambia, thanksgiving services in England Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast and and on all parts of our mission field, Ashante, Southern Nigeria, Hon- and a thank-offering of £260,000 duras, the Bahamas, Jamaica (with raised for the extension and strengthextensions in Panama and Costa ening of the work. Stepping out Rica), Hayti, Santo Domingo, the into the new century, we can not Virgin Islands, the Leeward Islands, but have before us Wesley's dying the Windward Islands, and British words: "The hest of all is 'God is Guiana. The affiliated "Women's with us.''' Auxiliary" has also missionary ladies and institutions in a number of these THREE MISSIONARY FACTS FOR CHRISTIANS AT HOME "Our interest in Missions is a mark of our Christian Character." "Our knowledge of Missions is the measure of our Christian attainment." "Our participation in Missions is the measure of our Christian efficiency."

-HAMILTON C. MABIE.

Tiger and the Beggar

BY W. W. PETER, M.D., SHENCHOWFUJ HUNAN, CHINA Missionary of the Evangelical Association ~~~~~OTH animals were The day the tiger found him had hungry. Each was been an unusually good one for the going after food in his boy. In addition to two bowls of own way. Their paths nce, he had secured a bit of wood. crossed. .The beggar Perhaps he stole the wood, for he boy was brought to the took himself off to an out-of-the-way deserted hut to cook his food and hospital. The tiger was hunted and warm his body, for it was winter. killed. The tiger attacked him there. He stealthily approached from behind, The little fellow was only about and with one leap bore him to the 12 years old. All his life he lived ground. How the boy happens to be in the country near the hills, some alive to-day is one of God's miracles ten miles from Changteh, Hunan. in caring for His little ones. He never had gone to school. He knew no father. His mother was No one saw the tiger make his little more than a beggar woman bloody attack. They found the boy herself. She "worked on the street," the next night. He had dragged we learned, for 600 cash~less than himself up into the loft of the 50 cents gold, a month. Noone building, where he attracted a passer- wanted the boy. He was forced to by by his cries. But he was only a become a beggar. He had no home. beggar and no one ventured to go When he became sleepy, he slept after the tiger. Not until the animal . wherever he happened to find a dry made another attack, this time upon place from which no one would kick a full-grown man, did the people him. The question of clothes never bestir themselves. While we were bothered him but once every year or operating on the boy word came that two. He had on a ragged, cotton, the animal had been killed by a padded jacket, and most of a pair crowd of angry men armed with big of pants. Because he was a beggar, swords and blunderbuss guns, near no one ever expected him to wash the underbrush in which he found either his clothes or himself. He his second victim. And to-night the looked as if he had lived up to what little beggar boy is lying in the hos- was expected of him. There was pital on a bed more comfortable than nothing thrilling in his past life. any he ever knew before. And the Every day was the same as the day skin of the tiger hangs a trophy before. Early each morning he over which all the region is gloating. started in to beg his food. Late at night he would hunt out a place to Slung on two long bamboo poles, sleep. Sometimes he had to steal. they brought the boy to the hos- And sometimes when it was cold, he pital. He was propt up with rice would sleep with the pigs in order straw, and his head was bandaged in to keep warm. dirty rags. He had every reason to be dead. Weak from the loss of meeting of the 400 medical missionblood, yet fighting wild animals in aries who constitute the China Medihis delirium, he had to have ether cal Missionary Association. And so before he allowed us to touch his I looked at the wrist he had sprained wounds. The man who was wounded in falling off a horizontal bar while "went off into the country to get trying to take physical exercise westwell," we were told. ern fashion. There was the man who came with the mother of the His padded clothes were all that boy. He was the boy's "guarantee." probably saved the boy from wounds At every operation such a one must on the body. But his scalp was torn be present to stand responsible for in half a dozen places by claws 'and the patient, in case anything goes teeth. All his left ear, with parts wrong with him while at the hospiof the adjoining cheek and scalp, tal. Some of the patients were preshung on his neck. It had been torn ent, and as many from the street as as easily as one would tear a sponge. the operating room attendants would A big artery of the neck had barely allow to come in. escaped. It is a custom of these parts to fill fresh wounds full' of It is the custom in Dr. Logan's burned paper. This had been done. hospital to begin an operation with And it took three hours to clean the prayer. And to the strangers this wound and approximate the parts. must have seemed like an incantation, for they looked on in open-eyed as- In China medical missionaries dare tonishment. After we began work, not work in secret. The Chinese are now one and then another of the always given access to the operating group .in the corner would edge room. In many places to-day there closer to see what we were doing. still prevail the misconceptions so On rejoining the others, a full and current years ago. It was held that sometimes naive report would be foreign doctors cut out eyes in order given, for all we did they saw through to make microscopes. And that they their own unaccustomed eyes and also cut out human hearts. It was minds. "The foreigner is sewing this thing which made some of their back the boy's ear. He uses an iron foreign medicine so wonderfully ef- handle to hold his needle. Why does fective. he not use his fingers?" "Did you see all those iron instruments he has Consequently, to-day, one corner lying on the table? He uses first of the room was packed with curious one kind and then another." "Why do onlookers. There was the mother of these people all wear white gowns? the boy, drest in her rags. She had And why does the doctor insist that never seen foreigners this way be- we, too, wear them? Has it anything fore. Thoroughly frightened, she re- to do with the 'doctrine,'. do you mained hidden throughout the opera- think?" "What kind of foreign tion, concealing herself behind those water are they pouring on the boy's more bold. There was a Mr. Li, face?" And when the breathing of who had just come with his brother the boy caused "ether snow" to form and some servants to _see Dr. Logan, on the cloth, "It is very hot in here only to find that he had gone to Peking to preside at the triennial

and yet there is snow on the cloth lowing for good than Doctor Pao. over the boy's face." "Is it the water Another man present at this prayerthey use which makes the boy lie so still and breathe so naturally?" It meeting used to be a Buddhist priest. was always "Why?" One cculG al- Many years of his life he spent on most see their minds completeI) the Sacred Mountain, not far from muddled in astonishment. Changteh, in a temple full of idols, where all devout heathen go to wor- Dr. Pao, Dr. Logan's excellent as- ship at least once a year. One day sistant, had been working from early a mIssIonary passed through the morning in the operating room. Pre- mountain and met the priest. They vious to this case, he had just fin- talked over their respective religions ished the delicate operation of cutting and the priest was politely attentive one of the small muscles of the eye when he heard about Jesus. After in a cross-eyed patient. He had had the missionary went away, the priest no dinner. And so tea and cakes read over very carefully the several were brought for him and the others tracts and the New Testament which who were hungry and thirsty. After the missionary had given him. And their long tramp from their homes then for two days and nights the all of the country people must have gray-robed priest secluded himself been wanting something, too. But to meditate. The other priests not one of them would touch a thing, thought nothing of this, for it was fearing that if they were to do so the custom among them to spend much as taste foreign food, they much time in meditation. But this might unwittingly swallow some of man was not thinking about Buddha. the foreign "doctrine" also. When He was getting acquainted with Jesus one of the operating room attendants through the Word. A long time eagerly helped himself, one of the passed and the man slipt from the onlookers exclaimed, "See him! He mind of the missionary. In fact, the is not afraid of swallowing the for- missionary had gone home. eign doctrines 1" A few days ago a man drest as Recently, during the Week of a priest-gray robes and shaven Prayer, Dr. Pao gave a long and head-presented himself at the hosearnest talk, and people listened most pital gate, asking to see the foreign carefully for all of them knew the kind hsien seng. He said, "I am willing of a man he was. Ten years ago to do anything to stay here. I want nobody knew of him as anything to learn more about this man]esus." other than that he was "the Gospel And while we were sewing up the preacher's son." After he had fin- wounded beggar boy, this "transition ished some schooling in the usual man," in unpriestiy garb and stubbly way, Dr. Logan "picked him up" and hair, was off in another part of the sent him, as he would send his own hospital washing dirty clothes and son, to a medical school to study "learning about Jesus." medicine. After five years he returned from Hankow and became God never did me a greater per- Dr. Logan's assistant. To-day few sonal kindness than when He allowed men in Changteh have a larger fol- me to come to China and observe and to learn to play the Big Game.

S . HALL YOUNG AND GOVERNMENT MAIL TEAM CROSSING THE CHOW CRE:EK PASS

RA N GE (IN MARCH) -In the Mining Camps of Alaska llY REV S. HALL YOUN'G, D.D. .-. I'j onec l- !Vli ss ion ary o f the Pl-es b y te l-jan Chuf(:h HE story of the white sifted coal, the washed gold. They are mT man's Alaska is an in- spiring one, while that those who have come through perils and labors, and have had the courage, . of the native under the endurance, the indomitable spirit tel remain and to conquer. .< Russian occupancy is . sordid and cruel. The The women of the North are of like northern miners present the finest fiber with the men, and they are rear- types of many races. The prospector ing a sturdy race. The "call" of lured by gold is the pioneer of prog- Alaska is strong, and it is being ress, the settler of waste places, the heeded by the best of all races.

conqueror of empires. No hardships "Ho ! Viking brood: ho ! Nor semen, all; are too formidable to be braved, no The sturdy Swede, the hardy Gael: difficulties too great to be surmount- Ye Finns, ye Celts, to you I call; ed, no labor too strenuous t o be Ye Germans, Danes, I bid ye hail ! undertaken by the man whose dreams Whoe'er has breathed the Ice King's are of untold wealth deep-locked in the icy North. breath, H as braved his wrath, nor feared his The Alaska miner is of a peculiar and sturdy breed. The greater part death! of th ese miners are American born. The 40,<x>o miners and their families "I call ye, strong, for strong am 1. illustrate the survival of the fittest. My north-lights wage exultant war; – They are the winnowed wheat, the My fierce winds battle merrily; My ice-guns boom, my torrents roa r.

I bid ye leap to joyo us strife, T o grander strength, t o fuller life.

"My gold, deep-locked with icy hands- roar of 300 iron stamps which were Come, rive it, mine it, fling it free! working day and night to crush the mountain of low-grade, gold-bearing Come, dig my coal; come, plow my lands; quartz. The progress of Juneau since Snatch finny hordes from stream and then has been steady, and now it pre- sea; sents the largest collection of great stamp mills in the world. My copper rend from mountain walls; My marble blast for stately halls." As the Presbyterian Church has been the first to enter the native work, ifhen our first missionaries went to so it was the first to attempt to carry the Northwest there was no thought the gospel to the incoming white of any possible settlement of Alaska miners. In 188z the Northern Light by white men, and there were then less Log Cabin Presbyterian Church was than zoo whites' in the whole territory. erected. In a few years this gave After the soldiers were withdrawn, in way to a neat frame structure, and IS77, there was little to lure a popu- the Presbyterians have had a minislation to those bleak and stormy ter there ever since. Now the church shores, and Alaska was still called is prosperous and almost self-sup- "Seward's Folly," and "Uncle Sam's porting, and is branching out into the Iceberg Farm." Missionary work surroundIng camps. was begun by the Presbyterian Church ill IS77, and for five years this was al- At Douglas City, built near the most the only denomination at work Treadwell mine, the Congregationalthere. The Moravians commenced a ists started work in the late '80S. The small work on the Kuskoqium River Methodists, Episcopalians, and Roman in 1884, and desultory efforts were Catholics built churches at Juneau and llJade by one or two other denomina- all of these denominations pursue their tions, but the Presbyterians had the work to this day. At Wrangell, where only sustained and progressive work, the first native mission was located, and that was confined to the South- and where the first American Proteseastern corner of the territory. tant church in the territory was built in 1879, there has existed a separate There were mines in British Col- organization for the whites since the mnbia, in the Cassiar region reached mining boom of 1898. But altho by the Stickeen River. In 1878 they there is considerable mining done at employed about 700 men, and these scattered points accessible from Wranminers passed through the south- gell there has never been a large and eastern cup-handle of Alaska on their settled mining popUlation at that place. way to and from the mines; only a Ketchikan, in the southern part of the few of them resided in the territory. Alexandrian Archipelago, is another distinct mining town. Small gold In IS80, two Cassiar prospectors mining properties have been located all discovered placer gold on what is now around it, and at distances of from the site of Juneau, the capital of twenty to sixty miles valuable copper Alaska, and two years later a thriving mines have been opened. There are little city had sprung up. The Tread- also large salmon canneries at Ketchwell mine was located at Douglas ikan and near it. The Methodists Idand, three miles from Juneau, and presently the rocky hills about Gastineau Channel were resounding .to the

THE MINING CAMPS OF

4 2 3 A VIEW OF JUNEAU, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA The city has a population of 6,000 people. Note the churches over the figures: 1. Presbyterian Church; 2. Episcopal Olurch; 3. Methodist Church; 4 Native Presbyterian Mission were the first to enter this mining field; an arrow 200 miles due north from the the Episcopalians also having a small sea into the coast range of mountains. church there. The town of Skagway was built as But the growth of the white popu- a gateway city, and in 1899, two years lation in southeastern Alaska was slow. from the discovery of gold in the Klon- It was not until the great Klondike dike, it numbered some 4,clOO people, boom of 1897 and 1898 that the at- with all the comforts and many of the tention of the world was drawn to the luxuries of civilization. Here again empire of the Northwest. Previous the Presbyterians were the first to to the commencement of that stampede open Christian work, For ten years I there were not 3,000 white people in had been a missionary at Wrangell and the whole territory. 'When the news was asked by the Presbyterian Board of marvelous discoveries of gold in of Home Missions to lead the work the Klondike was published a hetero- among the Klondike miners. My first geneous mass of men was literally sermon was preached at Skagway in "dumped" upon the shore at the head ,August, 1897, and on my way through of Lynn Canal, that strange body of that camp in the woods, over the Chilwater which, with its continuation, coot Pass into the Klondike. Chatham Strait, stretches straight as The White and Chilcoot Passes, in

the fall of 1897 and the spring of 1898, territory, finding gold in paying quan- were the shaken gold pans that separ- tities in many camps. Wherever the ated th~ human gold from the gravel. towns promised permanency and large The twenty-five thousand lawyers, growth the churches made an effort doctors, clerks, merchants, artisans, to enter. The two churches that and farmers, who essayed to cross were most active in this pioneer work those terrible mountains, build their were the Presbyterian and Episcopahoats, and take their provisions over lian. I visited the new towns of Eagle six hundred miles of dangerous river and Rampart in 1898, and in '99 these to Dawson in the fall of '97, and the towns were manned by Revs. Kirk fifty thousand who tried the same and Koonce. task in the spring of '98, were nearly all new to such experiences. Com- Continuing down the river in the paratively few won into the Klon- fall of 1899, I came to Nome, which dike; fewer still stayed in the North. had just begun its mushroom growth The weaklings fled, defeated, or left on Seward Peninsula off the shores of their bodies on the trail; the strong, Eering Sea. The Congregationalists the brave, the resourceful remained, and the Presbyterians reached this big and spread all over Alaska as pros- new boom camp near the same time. 'pectors, miners, and settlers. Both erected self-supporting churches in the summer of 1900, when 30,000 The Methodists, Daptists, Episcopa- people lancled 011 that bleak, windlians, and Roman Catholics soon fol- swept, treeless shore. The Episcopal lowed the Presbyterians to Skagway, Church manned Circle City, erected a and built churches there. The town building at Rampart, and also sent a began to decline after a few years and, man to Nome.

l The Pioneers' Task one after another, the denominations The work at all these points was ceased active work until now there is peculiar and hard. That which at the a Union church-the Methodists, same time gives the greatest difficulty Episcopalians, and Presbyterians unit- and creates fascination about this ing in the support of one pastor. pioneering work among the miners is that there are a thousand difficul- After the organization of the Pres- ties which must be met and byterian church by the American overcome. The missIOnary needs Presbyterians at Dawson in 1898, that te' be of the same caliber as the sturdy organization was turned over to the pioneer miner. He must be able to Canadian Presbyterians. The great do what the miner has to do, to live majority of the 30,000 or 40,000 under severe conditions, and to enjoy miners who came to the Klondike life there. He should be able to during these two or three years were build his cabin or his log church with from the United States. The Klondike his own hands, if need be; to cook for being limited in extent, perhaps three- himself year after year; to travel by fourths of these miners sailed down dog-team or on snow-shoes with the the Yukon into Alaska, where soon t~mperature fallen to 60 degrees started the towns of Eagle, Circle, below zero; and to think nothing of Rampart, and Tanana, on the Yukon. Thence they began to prospect up the various rivers and creeks of the whole In the fall of 1904 the Episcopa- within reach; not more than twolians also entered Fairbanks. A log thirds of the white children of Alaska church and hospital were built by are able to attend Sunday-school, for Archdeacon Stuck, a man of English the Sunday-school is not there, and birth and American training. This yet an honest effort has been made i" the man who, after scientific parties on the part of some denominations to had repeatedly failed to ascend Mount supply the spiritual needs of the McKinley, conquered that sky- territory. piercing summit in the spring of 1913. In 191 I, I went to the new prosper- These pioneer missionaries, includ- ous mining camp of Iditarod, in the ing the brave Bishop Rowe of the Innoko Valley, and continued there a Protestant Episcopal Church, thought year, organizing missions at Iditarod it no hardship to travel hundreds of and Flat City. In order to attend the miles across the country with their meeting of the presbytery in the spring dog-teams in the winter, to canoe up of 19I2, I had to harness my dog-team and down the streams of the great and travel over three ranges of moun- Yukon Valley, or to take long journeys tains, and across two great valleys. on foot in tne summer through the 520 miles to the coast, and 200 miles mosquito-infested forests, and to be- further by boat to Cordova, where the come explorers as well as ministers meeting was held. Dr. Condit came of the gospel. One and all they be- from Fairbanks to that meeting, travelcame infatuated with that life which ing 310 miles over the trail, and then none who have tasted would willingly 132 miles by rail to attend the meeting. exchange for life and work anywhere This gives some idea of the difficulty else under the sun. of convening presbyteries, confer- ences, and church conventions in The Methodists came into Fair- Alaska. banks in 1905, and erected a church which is still doing its work there. The town of Ruby on the Yukon, The Roman Catholics came later to all 125 miles below the mouth of the of these mining camps, but the Prot- Tanana, was built within a few estant missionaries were the pioneers. months in 1912 and 1913. I visited this town in 1912, and in the spring of The restless prospector continued to 19I3. Dr. E. N. Bradshaw took up the roam up the gorges and along the work after having traversed the trail mountain ranges of interior Alaska from Cordova to Ruby with horseand almost every year from one to sled and dog-sled, a distance of some four or five new mining stampedes 700 miles. have started. Some of these have died almost in the beginning; others The mining excitement was not by have developed into permanent and any means confined to the interior of prosperous camps. Alaska, for as early as 1895 gold was discovered at the head of Cooks Inlet, The churches have not kept pace and the mining towns of Sunrise, with the movements of the miners. Hope, and Knik were erected. This reand it is probably true to-day that not gion was, however, entirely neglected more than one-half of the population by the churches, until my journey of Alaska is able to go to church on to Presbytery Meeting in 1912, when I Sunday, because there is no church

preached the first sermon in all that Alaska Northern was pushed· 72 region. My appeals brought Rev. miles toward the Matanuska gold T. P. Howard to that field in the fall beds. The Methodist, Episcopalian, of 1912, and he is now extending and Roman Catholic churches enhis work over this great terri- tered this field and erected buildings, tory as best he can. In the sum- but the Methodist Church is the only mer he travels by boat to four or five one at present carrying on the work. preaching points, and in the winter by dog-sled; while sometimes he In 1908, I reached Cordova near tramps 125 miles between Sundays to the mouth of the Copper River, fill his appointments. where the Copper Valley Railroad was soon pushed 225 miles to the In 1898, the town of Valdez, on Great Bonanza copper mine, owned Prince William Sound, was settled by the Morgan Guggenheim Syndias a starting-point to the Klondike cate. The Episcopalians had already excitement, and there, in 1899, the erected a church club-house .at Cor- Congregationalists and Episcopalians dova, and the Catholics built a church erected churches which still continue and manse in 1909- ro. to do their work. Valdez has grown to be a prosperous camp from the While this brief survey does not, discovery of gold quartz and copper by any means, exhaust the number of near it. About 1905, the town of mining camps, or recount all the Seward, on Kenai Peninsula, was missionary efforts made in their beerected, and a railroad called the half, yet it comprises the greater part of both. The Presbyterian and NOME, ALASKA, IN THE YEAR 1900 Nome is now a city of 3,000 people, and extends for twenty miles along the shore

Episcopalian churches have general fields, and two already established, and missionaries constantiy on the field, three or four more are needed. The whose business it is to go with the other denominations of the Christian new stampedes and, wherever prac- Church are also awaking to this most ticable, to organize churches. urgent call.

The Outlook The call is loud and clear for brave, strong, adaptable, resourceful, and de- With the recent passage through voted men. There is a wider and Congress of bills providing for the higher range of qualities demanded in construction of one or more govern- the successful missionary to this northment railroads from the coast to the west frontier, than that required in a interior, and other bills opening up minister to almost any other point in the vast coal fields and vaster agri- the world. The mining populations cultural lands, Alaska has entered are intelligent, independent, critical, upon a new era. The steamboat com- and yet warm-hearted. Readingpanies are putting new vessels upon rooms, hospitals, Y.M.C.A work, as the Alaska lines, and every boat is well as church work must be undercrowded with eager adventurers, taken, carried on, and supported. bound for the mineral, farming, and These pioneer churches can not be fishing regions. The white population successfully manned either by weakof the territory will, in all probability, lings or by bigots. Humble-minded be doubled or trebled within two or heroes are required who take pleasure three years. The discussions in Con- in their work. gress, and the many articles that have recently appeared in print, have opened Let the Church arise and take this the eyes of the world, as never before, opportunity. Let Gospel preaching, to the astounding wealth of Alaska and the Sunday-school, the Young Men's its almost unlimited possibilities for Christian Assodation,the Christian investment and settlement. club, be found in every new camp. Let the men of Alaska feel that the Church The van of every squadron of this is not a "back number," a medieval great army of exploration ought to be institution, a decrepit, and dying body ~ led by the soldier of Christ, carrying but a living, growing, progressive, upthe Banner of the Cross. Five ardent tc-date institution, having the dew of young ministers, of the Presbyterian youth, and the strength of the Al- Church, have been sent to three new mighty. Vho will go for us?

A LAWYER'S PRAYER FOR UNSELFISHNESS O MERCIFUL GOD. whose Blessed Son came into the world not to be ministered unto, but to minister. grant me such a measure of His spirit that the aim of my life may not be self-gratification, but unselfish service. Train me to find in the little events of daily life opportunities to help my companions and to bring brightness into their lives. Grant that, if need be, I may have courage to die for them and for Him who is the best of friends. Grant that, till death comes. I may have grace to live for them and for Him, who liveth and reigneth with Thee and the Holy Ghost, One God, world without end. Amen.~GEORGE WHARTON PEPPER.

OF THE JARO STUDENTS CELEBRAT~NG THE FOURTH OF

The Prime Need of the Filipinos THE PLACE OF RELIGION IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES BY P. H. J. LERRIGO, M.D.

. District Secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Societies rl!~~~~~iHE American nation, an oriental and tropical people our however oddly the role ardent American civilization; we do may sit upon it, stands not want to make an American of in the relation of fos- the Filipino, but to help him to work ter-parent to the Fili- out his own genius upon the firm pino. The avowed foundation of liberty.

aim of our policy in the Philippines To accomplish this end probably has been from the beginning to train the greatest single agency is the inthe infant nation with a view to ulti- troduction of American schools into mate self-government. This ob- the Philippines. Two important jective has dictated our relations to achievements are being wrought by the Filipino in the past, and a con- the Philippine educational system. sistent course has been laid down, First, it is permeating the youth of which, in the main, has been persist- the country with the ideals of Ameriently pursued with this end in view. can democracy; and second, it is pro- As a foster-parent we have nothing viding a common language which better to give the Filipino than those serves both to bind the heterogenprinciples of freedom and democracy eous elements of the people together which have made the American na- and also to open to them the treastion what it is to-day. There would ure houses of science, literature and be little use in trying to force upon art which lie outside the archipelago.

In the fifteen years which have impertinent, such as "Where do you elapsed since the American occupa- come from ?" "Where are you tion a government system of educa- going?" and "How old are you?" tion has been built up which carries Hence it can be said that the efforts the pupil from the primary grades, of the Bureau of Education toward through the intermediate and high fitting the young people for the time schools to the university, and also when they shall be called upon to ft~rnishes industrial and normal train- take part in governing their own ing. The men who have had charge country, are meeting with a success of the educational work in the which is truly remarkable. Philippines have been, for the most part, men of high ideals and great Those who are familiar with the capacity, and, in some notable cases, situation, however, are bound to of the most sterling Christian charac- recognize one serious lack in the govter. No one can associate closely ernment scheme of education. Much with the student body in the Philip- is done toward the formation of pines without realizing in what a character by the inculcation of habits marked manner American ideals are of industry, by the setting of a being assimilated, and it may be standard of honor, and by building stated beyond the peradventure of a up the physique through games; but doubt that the body of young people the religious situation in the Islands now passing through the public and renders it impossible to give direct high schools will be radically differ- moral and religious training in the ent, both in thinking and acting, from public schools, and few would doubt the men who hold the reins of gov- the wisdom of the instruotions which ernmental power at present, traihed have been issued to the teachers for the most part in the Spanish from headquarters barring the disideals of an earlier period. The CUSSIOn of religious matters in the names and careers of Washington, schools. The Filipino youth are Lincoln, and McKinley are familiar natural hero-worshipers and they to them, and the effect of the teaching give very loyal allegiance to their of American patriotism appears con- teachers in the public schools, hence, stantly in their school work. More- the fact that the mouths of the over, they are getting a real grip l"tter are closed upon religious upon the English language, for to- themes tends to confirm the impresday more English is spoken through- sion that religion is a matter which out the islands than Spanish, al- may be neglected. And as the chief tho the latter language had a element which is lacking in the Filistart of four hundred years. It is pino toward the capacity for seIfimpossible to go into the remotest government is the vigorous, rugged village without being met by a little honesty which alone will make selfurchin who will greet you with a government possible, it becomes a painfully enunciated "Good morning," watter of the first importance to find and then, if at all 'encouraged, will some means whereby the charactergo on to propound a series of ques- building force of evangelical Christions, more or less pertinent, and tianity may be brought naturally to bear upon the young lives.

PRIME NEED OF THE

Need of Industrial Training complied with the Government re- quirements for standardization, and This need can be met in two ways. i::; authorized to confer the degree The establishment of Christian of Bachelor of Arts. schools and the maintenance of Christian homes for students who are The J aro Industrial School Repubattending the Government schools. lic was founded by Rev. W. O. Val- entine, under the' auspices of the Several schools of this character American Baptist Foreign Mission have already been established by the Society, and is based upon the plan mission boards and are meeting with of the George Junior Republic. Two much success. Silliman Institute, specially valuable features are of outfounded by the Presbyterian mission 8tanding importance in its work; first, in August, 1901, is a notable ex- THE CARPENTER SHOP OF THE JARO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL ample. It began with fifteen stu- il is equipped to give thorough traindents who ate and slept in the home ing in such trades as farming, carof the missionary in charge, and the pentry, shoemaking and tinning; and number of students has now grown second, its character is earnestly to 615, accommodated in a group of Christian and evangelistic. Mr. Valbuildings which have been added one clltine and the teachers of the school by one, as the limited means at the lead the older boys -in evangelistic command of the mission have made tours into the surrounding country, possible. Altho housed in ab- and between terms many of the surdly inadequate quarters, the school young men conduct vacation schools is doing a remarkable work for God, in the remote barrios which the Govand dominates in many respects the ernment educational system fails to whole province where it is located. reach. Here they teach the rudi- It has sent out fourteen native pastors, ments of an English education during eighty-five evangelists, and one for- the week days besides training the eign missionary, while large numbers younger children in such sports as of its graduates hold important Gov- baseball and track work, while on 'rnment positions. The school has Sunday they conduct Sunday-school

and teach the whole vilIage how to taking positions of importance with sing Gospel songs, as well as ex- the railroad, in Government circles, plaining to them the Scriptures. ill commercial life and religious work.

The value of the industrial train- But little has been done in the ing is readily apparent to all who way of Christian schools for girls. understand the physically indolent The Baptists have a small school in nature of the Filipino. A story is Iloilo and plans are being made to told of a school-teacher in Manila in greatly enlarge it, for the importance the early dlys, who was endeavoring of this work can hardly be overestito inculcate in the minds of the mated. In the Philippines, woman young men in her class the idea of occupies a position of dignity and inthe dignity of labor. She instanced fluence in the home. She commonly the Japanese nation, speaking of the "does the religion" for the whole extremely laborious work done by family, and by keeping its hand on the jinrikisha coolie, and stated that the training of the girls, the Catholic as a consequence of their industry the Church rightly judges that it is in Japanese people had forged to the no danger of losing its grip upon the front of Oriental civilization, "while nation. There is a crying need for the nation that refuses to labor," she a large, thoroughly equipped school added, "inevitably dies." One of the for upper-class girls, which should young men arose, and upon receiv- combine the advantages of a priing permission to speak, addrest the mary and finishing school, teaching class as follows: "Fellow class- those accomplishments which are mates, if the question is 'Shall the considered essential to the equipment Filipino pull the jinrikisha or die?" of a young lady in Philippine so- I say die." This story fairly indi- ciety, and at the same time furnishcates the attitude of the Fiiipi11J), at ing her with a thoroughly educational least toward physical labor, and the basis for the serious duties of life. charge wrought in the nature of the It is hoped that the Iloilo School will young men by means of the Indus- grow into this. Several women's trial School is little short of mar- training schools for Christian workvelous. When the railroad was ers are conducted by the various being constructed through Panay a missions, and are of inestimable value group of fifty of the older boys from in preparing young women, mostly the school formed a construction of the lower classes, for lives of gang and hired out to the railroad in usefulness. a body for grading work, establishing their own camp along the side of the The Need of Christian Homes rigl].t of way far up in the mountains. The superintendent of con- The other way in which the lack struction testified that their work was of moral and spiritual training in eminently satisfactory. the public school may be met is by means of the dormitories, or Chris- Like Silliman, the Jaro School tian homes, which have been estabsuffers severely from lack of proper lished by most of the missions in buildings and equipment, but is turn- the provincial capitals in connection ing out some fine young men who are with the Government high schools.

In the beginning the work was con- but whether they adopt the evan- tined to dormitories for boys and gelical faith or not, their thinking young men, but the demand for simi- and acting will inevitably be affected lar homes for young women soon profoundly when they go out to take developed, and several have now been the positions of influence for which established. Here the young people they are being fitted. are provided with a good home, pleasant and sanitary surroundings, The writer was for some time in good food, and opportunities for charge of one of these dormitories. recreation and improvement supple- .He announced on one occasion that menting the school work. The mis- the evening class for the discussion sion dormitories are conducted under of religious themes would take up thoroughly evangelical auspices and the subject of the Church, and profoundly affect the lives of the asked the young men to bring on young people who take advantage of the following week, definitions of the them. A monthly sum is charged, Church. Some of the definitions sufficient to make them practically brought were quite interesting and ~elf-supporting. The good food and evidenced keen thought and observahealthful surroundings immediately tion on the part of the boys. Here make themselves apparent in the are samples: physique of the boys and girls. The American teacher having charge of "The Church is the congregation t1~e athletics in one provincial high of faithful men in which the pure school was so imprest with this fea- Vord of the Lord is preached." ture of the case that he proposed putting the whole athletic team into "The Church is the whole body of the dormitory. Christians."

The effect upon the minds and "The Church is a religious orga11lhearts of the young people is no less l::ation for the purpose of serving apparent. It is not to be supposed Cod." that everyone entering the dormitories becomes an avowed Christian, "The Church is a society of those but their viewpoint is changed and wbo meet together to speak about their minds liberated from the the words of Jesus Christ and to shackles of ancient superstition. It follow them." would be as impossible to crowd back their liberated ideas into the narrow The young men who could procasket of the ancient regime, as to duce such definitions have certainly pack again the filmy fibers of the been doing some thinking upon re- Fhilippine wild cotton tree into the ligious matters which will affect snapt pod which has burst above greatly their future lives. tl:e highway and scattered its contents to the four winds. Many of It is by these two means chiefly, them unite with the evangelical then, that the Protestant missions churches and are the means of en- are endeavoring to supply the lack lightening their friends and families, of definite religious training and character formation in the public "chools. In the meantime the Roman Catholic Church is not idle. They have recognized the strategic ad- vantage, both of the private school and the dormitory, and are pushing

their work in both directions. The hence they have been given credit in Jesuits are planning for a two-mil- this country for being much farther lion-peso plant in Manila, the Domini- advanced in civilization than 15 cans are about to add new buildings actually the case; but they quickly to the University of Santo Tomas to revert to old ways. When the Govthe value of one million pesos, while ernor-General is not present, even Bishop Dougherty is at work upon the members of the Assembly and a school in Iloilo to cost 250,000 the Commission relapse at once into sions. the use of Spanish, and their thoughts and actions are dominated It should be remembered that the by the old type of Spanish political work of the Catholic Church in this life which might well be epitomized connection is reactionary. Their in- in the parody, "A public office is a terest is to maintain the old order private graft." of things, their methods do not conduce to the creation and confirmation Before the Philippines can be ready of rugged, honest character, and for self-government their places must hence but little can be expected fr0111 be taken by the younger generation them in the way of fitting the youth who have absorbed American ideals; of the nation to undertake the high and these leaders of the future will duties of government leadership from come quite largely from the schools a democratic standpoint. and dormitories which have brought them in contact with the best phases It may be said without fear of of American life and given them the contradiction that no institutions in foundation of a strong and sted· the Philippines are so well calculated fast character. Thus to a much te' implant the true principles of right- greater extent than might seem to eous conduct, both in public and pri- be the case the key to the Philippine vate life, as the schools and dormi- situation lies in the hands of the tories under the auspices of the mis- Christian Church, and as a prime sions. factor in fitting the Filipino for seIf- government, too much emphasis can At present the leaders of the na- not possibly be placed upon strengthtion are still drawn very largely from ening the already existing Christian those who were trained under the schools and dormitories, and estabold ideals. The facile character of lishing others of like character. the Latin oriental readily assumes the appearance of conformity with American ideals and customs, and PRESENT-DAY MIRACLES ADAPTED FROM ARCHIBALD CROMBIE From the mold as murk as night From the dark-souled African Lo, the lily's stainless white! La, there comes a Christlike man.

From the mollusc's cell obscure, Unto the discerning eye Lo, the pearl's perfection pure! Miracles are ever nigh.

From the nest egg, dumb so long, By His Spirit's mighty power Lo, a mounting flame of song! God is working every hour.

~4'.-"~

OF . .c- ", ..' BEST METHODS .." ~/ >"'~'''"'''M'''''''';'''''/''

CONDUCTED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK PLANS AND PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS HE supreme object of a small proportion of whom attend regularly. Some are merely contributors IfAT ~ every missionary pro- who never come to a meeting; others gram-in the Sunday- are inregular, take little part in the school, Young People's meetings, and show little interest. Usu- Society, Church prayer- ally a handful of faithful ones do the ~ meeting, or Woman's work and keep the society in existence. Missionary Society-should be to ad- It certainly looks as if the majority of vance the cause of missions and ex- the members consider the meetings of tend the kingdom of God. Every part their missionary society unimportant of the program-the devotional ser- and uninteresting. Some of the absent vice, the business transactions, the pa- ones doubtless have legitimate reasons pers, talks and addresses, the social hour for not attending, but many of them are at the close-should be planned with this merely indifferent, and desire to use one great object in view. their time for their own pleasure rather than for God's work. However, let us Nothing foreign to the subject of not condemn the absent member too semissions should be allowed on the pro- verely until we have examined the misgram. No greater mistake can be sionary meeting carefully, for there may made than that of introducing enter- be causes which hinder its effectivetaining features of a secular nature- ness, but may be remedied if 'we know vocal and instrumental music, dramatic of their existence. readings, or amusing recitations-in the hope of interesting the uninterested. First and most important is the de- These things may entertain, but they votional service. Is some one chosen can not produce or promote inter- to lead in this service after she has arest in missions. There is in them no rived at the meeting-place, with no time life-giving missionary germ. Nothing to pray and think about it? Does she but missionary seed can produce a mis- go through it in a perfunctory, lifeless sionary harvest. manner? Do late-comers interrupt the service? If so, then the whole meeting If the interest lags, study the pro- will be affected, for the spirit of the gram and see what is wrong. It need devotional service will permeate the not be dull because it is exclusively mis- atmosphere of the entire meeting. sionary. No subject is more fascinating if rightly presented. A leader carefully chosen-some time before the day for the meeting- IS THE PROGRAM TO BLAME 7* can prepare a service which will be an inspiration to all who come and a means BY JANE M. KERR, PITTSBURG, PA. of awakening the careless or indifferent to a new vision of service. In the average missionary society there is a long roll· of members, only *Condensed from The Women's Missionary MagaJ1ine of the United Preshyterian Church.

Every society must go through a cer- THE VALUE OF PARTICIPATION tain amount of business, but often it In planning programs the value of consumes so much time that members particIpation must not be forgot- grow weary and leave before the pro- ten. The abiding interest is likely to gram is taken up, or else the program be tn exact proportion to the number of must be omitted or curtailed because of those who take part. The custom preva- the lateness of the hour. The business lent in many societies of devoting the meeting can be made interesting if the programs to single addresses by compe- President keeps things moving briskly, tent persons is far from ideal. It is giving each member a chance to express legitimate once in a while, but should her opinion, but allowing no time for not be often repeated if the real purpose useless discussion. It is in this part of of the society is to arouse interest in the meeting that the rock looms up on missions and not merely to enjoy' an inwhich many a society is dashed to pieces tellectual feast. ·-the rock of discord. Nothing is so dis- "The programs that help the members honoring to Christ nor so deadly in its most are those in which they themselves effect on the missionary society as dissension over some detail of the manage- participate," says Mrs. J. P. White in ment of the society. The Women's Missionary Magazine. In The program also may be too long. preparing a program it is wiser by far One may get too much of a good thing- to plan to use a dozen women than a even in missionary papers or addresses. half dozen. A subject that might be Hearers should go away with a desire to assigned to one person may often be learn more for themselves rather than subdivided and assigned to three or four. filled to satiety. Often the program is Ordinarily four ten-minute talks or monotonous, and should be varied by papers on various phases of one subsometimes having a speaker from out- ject are more interesting than a fortyside the society or some new method of minute paper by one person. Even if presenting the material. one woman is capable of presenting the subject more ably than the combined Worse than having the program too four the real benefit to the meeting may long, however, is to have none at all be less because the other three delegates because the participants have failed to would miss the blessing that comes from appear, or send a substitute. The pro- participation." gram committee should see that each member on the program is notified and "To sit as passive buckets and be that substitutes are provided for those pumped into can be exhilarating to no who can not take part. creature."-Thomas Carlyle.

Lastly, many members will be kept RESPONSES AT ROLL-CALL away if the spirit of the missionary In many societies one number on the meeting is not friendly and cordial, no program each month is the giving of matter how well organized it is, nor short items on some pre-arranged topic how interesting the program may be. in response to the names at roll-call. Do not hurry away without a few words Sometimes the members are expected to of kindly greeting to each other, and provide their own items; sometimes, in of appreciation of the efforts of those order to insure a response from every who have taken part; thus showing the one present, they are written on slips of spirit of love which should dwell in all paper or clipped from reports and papers Christian gatherings. and distributed before the meeting be- gins. The following list of suitable

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topics has been compiled from a num- 25. New ways of working for misber of year-books: sions.

r. Scripture texts along some spe- SERIES OF RELATED TOPICS cial line of thought, such as giving, The Best Methods Editor is freprayer, praise, promise or responsibility. quently asked to suggest series of re- lated topics to form one number on a 2. Brief Bible prayers. missionary program running through 3. Verses from favorite missionary ~i){ or eight months or even an entire hymns. year. 4. New Year's thoughts. (Or Easter, Christmas, or Thanksgiving.) In many societies the chapters of some 5. A thought that has left its impress study book are used in this way. In this year. (For an annual meeting.) other< the text-books are studied in spe- 6. Current missionary news. (From cial classes meeting weekly for six or the daily paper or the missionary maga- eig1Jt consecutive weeks, and the prozine.) grams for the monthly meetings are made 7. News items from China. (Or any more general in character. For societies other country.) that preler the latter plan (in the estima- 8. Pointed paragraphs on Persia. tion of many leaders it is much the bet- (Or any other field.) ter one), the following series of' topics 9. Facts about Japan. (Or any other is given. They are equally appropriate field. ) for Young People's Societies, for the 10. Missionary statistics and their sig- church missionary prayer-meeting and nificance. for Women's Societies: II. Names of medical missionaries. 12. Names of missionaries in India. 1. Our' Pagan Ancestors,-How They (Or any other field.) Were Won to Christ. (Stories of Mar- 13. Names of pioneer missionaries. tin of Tours; Patrick in Ireland; Co- 14. Nam~s of women who have left lumba of lana; Augustine of Cantertheir impress on heathen lands. bury; Boniface in Germany; and Cyril IS. Names of missionary martyrs. and Methodius, among the Slavs; 16. Names of famous native Chris- given preferably by 'persons of French. tians. Irish, Scotch, English, German, and 17. Queer customs in China. (Or any Slavish descent, respectively.) other land.) 18. Why I would not like to live in 2. Blazing the Missionary Trail. Turkey. (Or any other non-Christian (Stories of pIOneers, in countries or in hind.) lines of work-Schmidt in Africa; 19. Quotations from great mls'SlQn- Ziegel1balg in India; Morrison in China; aries. (For these see THE MISSIONARY Melinda Rankin in Mexico; Allen REVIEW, July, 1903, page 522.) Gardiner in South America; Egede in 20. Testimonies of great statesmen to Greenland; Whitman in the Oregon the value of missions. (See THE MIS- coantry; Thomas and Vanderkemp in SIONARY REVIEW, January, 1903, page 24. medical missions; Clara Swain in wo- 21. Names of mission stations in Af- man's medical miSSIOns; Ulfilas in rica. (Or any other field.) Bible translation; Cyrus Halulin in in- 22. My favorite missionary book and dustrial missions.) why. 23. The missionary in whom I am 3. The Task in America. (Work 1110st interested. among the Mormons, Southern Moun- 24. A missionary question. (St1ch as', taineers, Mexicans, Indians, Foreigner3, "Where do they bind women's feet?) or the frontiers, lumbermen, miners, the masses in the city, the neglected country districts. )

4. Famous Medical Missionaries. Journeys to Mission Lands," which (John Thomas, Vanderkemp, Scudder, proved very profitable. The printed an- Livingstone, Peter Parker, Mackenzie, nouncement was in the form of a rail- Hepburn, Clara Swain, Eleanor Chest- way ticket with detachable coupons, each nut.) marked "Good for Two Passengers," to indicate that each member of the so- 5. The Noble Army of Martyrs. ciety waS' asked to bring a friend. (Lyman and Munson, John Williams, Bishop Patteson, Bishop Hannington, LITTLE JOURNEYS TO MISSION James Chalmers, Eleanor Chestnut.) LANDS 6. Eminent Missionary Women. Personally Conducted (Ann, Sarah and Emily Judson, Fidelia Fiske, Melinda Rankin, Eliza Agnew, Do Missions Pay? Come and See Mary Moffat, Madame Coillard, Isabella Thoburn, Mary Reed.) Sewing, 10.30-12.30. Basket Luncheon, 12.30 7. Great Translators of the Bible. Journey, 2.30-4 o'clock (Ulfilas, Eliot, Carey, Martyn, Morrison, Judson, Smith and Van Dyck, Good for 2 Passengers, Feb. 11, 1913 Pilkington, Schereschewsky.) 8 CAMEL TRIP IN ARABIA 8. Conquests of the Cross. (The Conductor-Mrs. Sam!. Zwemer transformation of Hawaii; the pentecost at Ongole; the pentecost on the News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent Kongo; the taming of the Tsimsheans; the crowning of Christ in Korea; the Good for 2 Passengers, Jan. 14, 1913 uplift of Uganda; the redemption of Fiji; the winning of Madagascar.) 7 THROUGH JAPAN BY 9. Famous Missionaries to the Red- JINRIKISHA melt. (Eliot, Brainerd, the Mayhews, Zeisberger, Whitman, Evans, Young, Conductor-Miss A. W. Pierson Bishop Whipple.) News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent 10. Trophies of the Cross in Miss,iolt Laltds. (Kajarnak, Africaner, Samson Good for 2 Passengers, Dec. 10, 1912 Occom, Crowther, Krishna Pal, Kekela, Kho-Thah-Byu, Neesima, Boon Itt, Pas- 6 A "DANDY" TRIP TO INDIA tor Hsi.) Conductor-Mrs. Voorhees II. Famous Women Converts Olt the News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent Missiolt Field. (Kapiolani, Ranavalona II., Chundra Lela, Pandita Ramabai, Good for 2 Passengers, Nov. 12, 1912 Mrs. Ahok, Doctors Hue King Eng, Li Bi Cue, Mary Stone, and Ida Kahn.) 5 BY WHEELBARROW IN CHINA Conductor-Mrs. Dodge 12. The By-Products of Missions. News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent (Contributions of missions to commerce, exploration, industrial advance, Good for 2 Passengers, Oct. 8, 1912 language and literature, education, medicine, sanitation, temperance, and social 4 BY CANOE IN ALASKA progress along many lines.) Conductor-Miss Dougherty News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent Good for 2 Passengers, May 14, 1912 BY TROLLEY THROUGH OUR 3 SLUMS Conductor-Miss MacColI News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent Good for 2 Passengers, April 9, 1912 2 A TONGA JOURNEY IN AFRICA Conductor-Mrs. Garrett News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent 1 JOURNEYS TO MISSION LANDS Good for 2 Passengers, Mar. 12, 1912 ON HORSEBACK AMONG THE In 1912- 13 the program of the Wo- MOUNTAINEERS man's Missionary Society of the Bed- Conductor-Miss Pierson ford Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, News Bulletin-Miss Wakeley, Agent N. Y., consisted of a series of "Little

OF BEST METHODS

In this church, the Woman's Mission- proved far more effective than the usual ary Society holds all-day meetings, the morning being devoted to sewing for refreshments, and had the added adhospitals, schools and other missionary objects in this country and abroad. Both vantage of arousing much interest. the sewing hour and the noon luncheon have afforded excellent opportunities QUESTIO~S for making the acquaintance of newcomers in the church. The ticket giv- 1. Who was the first "Dago" that ever ing the schedule of ·programs is printed came t,o America? (Columbus.) on the opposite page. 2. How far removed are you from im- AN IMMIGRATION SALAD migrant ancestors?

At the beginning of their new year 3. Are there any immigrants in our church? last April, the Woman's Missionary of 4. With what immigrants do you come into the Union Presbyterian Church, Schenectady, N. Y., decided to try the experi- personal contact? ment of omitting refreshments at the 5. When and where did the first immiclose of their meetings. Desiring, however, to retain the social hour, the presi- grants settle in the United States? dent prepared a bowl of "Immigration (Jamestown, 1607.) Salad" and served it immediately on the 6. What immigrants were brought to close of the program. The topic had America against their will? (The nebeen, "America, God's Melting Pot." groes.) The receipt is as follows: 7. How many full-blooded Americans are there? (About 300,000-the Indians.) Typewrite the list of questions here- 8. What socially exclusive organization of with given on strips of paper about one women was founded to commemorate inch by eight, and cut them in two, pre- immigrant ancestors? (The Colonial ferably in the middle of some word. Dames.) 9. What women rarely, if ever, go out to Take green tissue paper and cut from domestic service? (Italian.) it imitation lettuce leaves about three 10. When does an immigrant become an by five or six inches. Fold in the center American? lengthwise over a steel knitting-needle, 11. How many nationalities are there in our and gather up lightly with the fingers city? along the needle to mark the mid-vein 12. What proportion of our city's populaand give the crinkled appearance charac- tion is foreign-born? teristic of lettuce. To the stem end of 13. What do the immigrants do for us? each leaf paste one of the half strips (Dig coal, construct railroads, pick previously prepared and roll it (the cranberries, can fruits and vegetables, strip) up. Arrange the leaves in a make clothing, work in kitchens, black salad bowl with the rolled strips hidden shoes, etc.) from view. 14. What would be the result to the United States if all the immigrants should sud- Pass the salad at the close of the pro- denly leave? (Almost all industries gram and ask each person present to take would be paralyzed.) a leaf and find the other half of the 15. What Jewish immigrant (now a Chrisquestion which is' held by some one tian) has written our most fascinating else present. When all the questions books about immigration? (Doctor Edare matched, read them, one at a time, ward A. Steiner.) and ask for the answers. 16. What famous Polish Jewess is the wife of a professor at Columbia University? As a promoter of sociability, this plan (Mary Antin, author of "The Promised Land.") 17. What was the first great colJege in America founded by an immigrant? (Harvard.) 18. What poor Danish immigrant to the United States became famous for his philanthropic work? (Jacob Riis.)

NEW WAYS TO USE CURIOS SOME ANSWERS THAT SURPRIZED The Home Mission Monthly suggests US AT SUTSIEN a new use for curios at a missionary social as follows: "Have an observation 1. How did you happen to have a dollar table of labeled curios, a list of which is to be written from memory, after to-day?-I sold my finger-nails. marching three times around." This is a good suggestion for the society 2. What have you done for this abscess?- that wishes to do away with refreshments and yet retain the social hour at the I ate several scorpions, one of them close of the program. Another way is to have a table of curios numbered con- alive. – secutively and ask each one present to guess what each curio is and where it 3. Your boy has enlarged spleen, but why came from. Then read the guesses and give the correct answers. The result can't he walk ?-We blistered both of his is amusing and informing. knees, as they are the root of the spleen. SOME ANSWERS THAT SURPRIZED US 4. What is the matter with your throat?- Mrs. B. C. Patterson, missionary of I swallowed a whole egg with a needle the Southern Presbyterian Church in China, sent to The Miss.ionary Survey in it, because the witch told me I would a contribution entitled "Some Answers that Surprized Us at Sutsien." These have a son if I did. are so unusual and so illuminating that they are reprinted here for use on mis- 5. Why can not that teacher of the primary sionary programs. They can be used in several ways, as follows: schools control his temper ?-It is very r. Let the questions, written on slips difficult. A teacher needs two stomachs, of paper and numbered, be given to one set of persons, and the answers, simi- one to digest his food, the other to hold larly prepared, to another. his angry breath. 2. Write the answers on slips of paper and distribute them. Let the leader ask 6. What kind of medicine do you want?- all .the questions, and those who hold them give the answers. It would be Medicine for the "devil's disease." very effective if those giving the answers could be drest in Chinese costume. (Sometimes they merely hold up two 3. For a missionary social or the so- or three fingers, which means malaria. cial hour at the close of a program, write the question on slips of paper of 7. What are you doing in town ?-I came one color and the answers on another color. Red, the color for happiness, and to worship my ancestors. yellow, the imperial color, would be appropriate. Give the questions to one set 8. Have you no money to pay for your of persons, the answers to another, and have them matched by the numbers. medicine ?-No; it was cloudy to-day, so I did not bring money.

9. Have you chicken for dinner?-No; it rained, so I could not buy a chicken.

10. How did this girl get such a terrible burn? She was sent to her betrothed's home. He died. His mother blamed her, and deliberately burned her.

11. What is that beggar singing at the front door?-The Buddhist chant for the dead. He hopes the superstitious in- mates will give him something so that he will leave.

12. Who is in your inner room ?-A woman prisoner, chained to the wall. I watch her here rather than in the jail.

13. You say your home is in another part of the country. How long have you been here ?-Five hundred years.

14. Who is that crying in front of the cof- fin ?-The chief heir. He broke that old crock with burning paper in it, which shows it.

15. Why are those men and children and soldiers collected at the compound door?-One of the missionary children is playing inside.

16. Why does she not acknowledge her fault, and ask forgiveness ?-She said

OF BEST METHODS

she would rather go to the eighteenth write them on slips of paper with the layer of hell than "lose her face." date of the magazine in which they are found. Assign these to a number of MISSIONARY FIRE·CRACKERS persons with the request that the answers For a meeting on China, or a meet- be searched out and given at the next ing on or near the Fourth of July, meeting. This should be done some missionary fire-crackers will afford a weeks in advance to give plenty of time. pleasing novelty. Tho they make a It will add to the interest to post a list special appeal to boys, they have been of the questions on the bulletin board or used with great success in meetings for print them in the church calendar with grown-ups' also. the announcement that they will be answered at the meeting. The following To make them, cut rectangles of any questions can be used: desired size from red paper, roll them around a lead pencil or any cylindrical 1. A father bought poison and tried to stick, and paste the edge down. Write bribe a friend to put it in his son's a number of short items on strips of food. Why? (November, 1913.) white paper, roll them up and fasten a short piece of white twine to each one. 2. Where, under the American flag, was a Place these in the little red cylinders, 13-year-old girl sold by her mother with the string hanging out like the last year? (November, 1913.) fuse of a real cracker. Distribute these before the meeting begins and call for 3. The name of what denomination, transthem by number. lated by the Chinese, becomes "The Church of the Kicking Overseers"? Missionary statistics, quotations, news (December, 1913.) notes, or brief missionary facts can be used for the items. For a Fourth of 4. Where, in the United States, did the July meeting, the questions used in the Stars and Stripes float for the first time "Immigration Salad" would be appro- last year? (December, 1913.) priate; for a meeting on China, "Some Answers that Surprized Us at Sutsien." 5. Who wore three suits to church? (Jan- uary, 1914.) Missionary fire-crackers also afford a novel and most effective method of 6. Where does rna mean "horse," "help," distributing leaflets. For this purpose "mad," "dog," and "coming"? (January, they should be made quite large (regu- 1914.) lar cannon crackers) and the contents be leaflets rolled up with a heavy piece 7. "Pig collections." Where do they. take of twine for the fuse. Many a person them? (January, 1914.) who would not take a leaflet will be delighted to carry home one of these 8. A community of 6,000 children in the gay fire-crackers and read what is in it. United States with no school privileges. Where is it? (February, 1914.) A WAY TO USE "CLUES TO THE CONTENTS" 9. What was the track-foreman reading to his men? (March,1914.) The' "Clues to the Contents," printed on the back of the frontispiece of the 10. Western shoes and Mohammedan wor- REVIEW each month, can be used to ad- ship. Do they interfere? (March, vantage on missionary programs. One 1914.) way of doing it is as follows: 11. Who sent the postcard to the police- Select a number of the questions, man? (April, 1914.) choosing those best calculated to arouse interest and stimulate curiosity, and 12. What did the doctor find on the ash- heap? (April, 1914.) 13. What covenant did the owner of the nickel stores make with God? (May, 1914.) 14. The Bible is the most widely read book in the world. Which is next? (May, 1914.) 15. How did the Scotch elder convert the pastor to missons? (May, 1914.)

E I DI

T THE LIVING CHRIST the International Institute stands- HE only hope for darkest "Africa" is in the presence and power of moral, social, and educational, but not the ever-living God. The same Christ of God who wrought miracles nineteen missionary from a Christian point of centuries ago is working to-day, and not only in Africa but all over the view. In a recent meeting in connec- world. It is this fact that gives cour- age to those who face the apparently tion with the Institute Dr. Reid moved impossible task of dispelling the dark- ness of heathenism and overcoming that persons of large means be urged the opposition of Mohammedans and Hindus. to contribute to the work, and that From many fields in Africa come the men be appointed by different religious good tidings, "Christ is here"-working in spirit, bringing new life, and over- bodies to the religious department "in coming all obstacles. In Egypt His presence is manifest in the the stirrings search for truth, and in efforts toward in Moslem circles; in Uganda and East Africa in the extension of the native spiritual unity. whatever their church; in West Africa and Nyassaland in the large numbers of inquirers tradition or creed." and converts, and in South Africa in the conferences to promote Christian It is evident that the Institute stands unity and cooperation. for no certainty in the revelation of Every day lame and crippled children in mission-schools are learning to God through Christ, but is a perpetual walk in the way of Christ; blind eyes are opened, and dumb tongues are "parliament of religions." Their reloosed; the dead are being raised to life by hundreds every day, and are ligious department is a "friendly gatherentering the service of God to die no more. ing of adherents of all religions" that THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE presents "an unusual opportunity for IN CHINA developing this particular idea in T HE "International Institute," of China." The Institute welcomes all Shanghai (Dr. Gilbert Reid), seems to be responsible for the pro- other religious teachers to China withposed establishment of a Unitarian Mission in China. This is a clear in- out regard to their belief in Jesus dication of the type of work for which Christ and the unique power of His Gospel for the salvation of men. Is there not a liberality that is in realit) infidelity? God give us clearness of vision, positiveness of faith, charity in dealings with others, and zeal in preach- ing the gospel of Jesus Christ the Son of God!

TA STOCKBROKER'S CONVERSION HERE are new evidences contin- ually that indifference to Christian missions is due, in many instances, en- tirely to ignorance as to the facts. One instance of this, recently brought to light, is the case of a business man, a retired member of the New York Stock Exchange, and a constant attendant at church, who traveled in the Far East and honestly sought first-hand informa- church missions in the past hundred tion. He wrote to a friend In New years, and that the work is filled with York (January 27, 1914), III part as hope, and, III my belief, has only follows: begun.

"For many years' I was very unde- "Faithfully, cided as to the usefulness' and success "PAUL G. McI—." of the work done in the foreign mission field, as I believed that most of This letter might be put alongside of the reports which I received in the hundreds of others from travelers much churches were possibly of a prejudiced more enthusiastic in their report on hature. In the fall, winter, and spring missions they have seen. The devotion of 19IO and 1911, I spent about six of the missionaries, their sacrifices, months in India, China, and Japan, all their talents, their handicaps and sucof which time I was seeking informa- cesses are indications of their nobility tion and data regarding the usefulness and earnestness. Even the temporal and success of missions. About 90 per results of their work are evident in the cent. of the information I obtained was schools and hospitals, the churches and from railroad officials, Government em- printing-presses. A few years ago a ployees, merchants, and guides (many traveler may have had some excuse for of whom were Mohammedans and saying that he had seen no sign of Hindus,). While in China I spoke to missionary activity, but to-day every representatives of several different gov- intelligent observer must acknowledge ernments, and to some native Chinese. the influence of Christian missions in In every instance I induced them, so the Godward uplift of mankind. The far as possible, to express their candid most important spiritual results, howopinion, by stating that I was in no ever, are often not visible to the unway interested directly in missions, but spiritual mind. was trying to ascertain what the missionaries were doing in the different I ANTI-MISSIONARY PUBLICITY countries, and if they were making N the East, where religion and nationthe great progress there many of them ality are inseparably linked, every claimed. American and European is looked upon as a Christian. Consequently the many "After weighing all the il!formation non-Christian travelers and residents in which I could possibly obtain, and mission lands' can do more harm and eliminating what came from the mis- make more commotion than the comsionaries themselves, and from the dere- paratively few real Christians. Some licts of America and Europe who float do not fully realize the harm that they around the East, I have arrived at the do by their idle gossip and evil exconclusion that the missions are ac- ample and others do not care. They complishing much in the moral uplift are bound for pleasure or for money of the people of the East, and that the and have no thoughts of the trail of opportunity has just begun, if the means the serpent they leave behind them. are furnished them by the people of America, to carryon their many differ- Among the baneful influences that ent benevolences, which radiate from are retarding the progress of Christhe many different Christian churches tianity are the newspapers and periodiwhich are working in the mission fields cals that find their way to non-Christian of the East. There is absolutely no lands and give false impressions of life doubt in my mind that the East ha; in America and Europe. The scandals, been greatly benefited by the efforts of stories of graft and white slavery, far outclass the news of Christian progress,

and. the i1lustrations are often a dis- germ has entered their bodies through grace to civilization. The advertising the blood by too close contact with enterprise of dispensers of cigarets and leprosy. Then the disease shows itself strong drink would lead those in for- in a loss of feeling and by· other symp- eign lands to believe that everyone in toms until more and more the body is America is addicted to them. destroyed, physical powers wane, natural beauty becomes ugliness, pain racks the One of the evils against which Chris- sufferer and finally the end comes to tians contended is the introduction of what has been a living death. What Western forms of vice, and amusements would not a leper be willing to give or that corrupt, into lands already reeking to do if only he might be cured! with immortality. Some of these amuse- ments have ceased to attract much at- Sin is moral leprosy-a living death. tention in the West, but their introduc- Millions of men and women are suffer- tion into the Orient adds new zest to ing from it to-day. Sin has taken hold the search for vicious indulgences. A on their spiritual natures through their righteous protest has been made by appetites and by too close contact, and Christians in India against the visit of has shown itself first by a lack of a famous ballet dancer. The perform- sensitiveness to evil and to the will of ance is sensual and can not be justified God. Other symptoms and results of in either the East or the West, but the disease follow-a lessening love for does double injury coming from the the right, a loss of spiritual power, loss "enlightened West" to the "benighted of moral beauty, an increasing destruc- . East." It has a worse effect on India tion of the image of God in the man. than the public performance of nautch Finally, the last semblance of divine girls or African dancers would have in life departs and the spiritual decay fol- New York. America and Europe lows which is the result of the lack of should send only their best to Asia and spiritual life. Africa and not their worst in men, in morals, in amusements, in articles of The cure for spiritual leprosy is commerce or in literature and ideals. illustrated by the cleansing of Naaman. The editor of the Indian Social Re- Many know that they have the disease former says that such a perverted idea but they do not know the Great Physi- of Christianity has been disseminated cian. Some one must tell them. Jew in India by travelers and the press that or Gentile, African, Chinese, Ameri- he had difficulty in convincing an Indian can, must all come to the only One who woman that the thirty-first chapter of can cleanse. I f the leper believes the Proverbs presents a Christian ideal of good news he asks the Great Physician womanhood. for cleansing. Pride and prejudice, the simplicity of the remedy, may cause The idea of race and nation must be the sufferer to miss the cure. Money divorced from the idea of religion be- can not buy it, nor can incantations, fore the people of the East will un- nor mighty works. Man, even a king, derstand the universality of the Chris- can not cure this disease, but there is tian religion and the vital individual a God who can. Washing in fountains character of the Christian life. of culture and ethics can not take away the stain. There is only one cure, the THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE-THE God-appointed cleansing through the ONLY CURE blood of Christ (Rev. I: 5). All sin- ners', rich and poor, white and black, L EPROSY is a terrible disease-a must seek {he same cure. living death. Two hundred thou- sand are suffering from it to-day. The

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SSI DY NE AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS they took passage in a whaling ship going to New Zealand, and eventually A Brave "Sky-Pilote••" arrived in December, 1814, five years and three months after leaving Eng- UNDER this title, the London Pres- land Another year and three months byterian tells the story of an un- passed before the society at home heard named deaconess-nurse who visits dis- of the settlement being founded. For tant Australian ranches for the love of eleven years there were no baptisms. God and the relief of suffering pioneer The first conversion took place in 1825, families. "Her work takes her hun- but it was not till 1830 that the first dreds of miles from any railway to public baptismal service for adults was lonely mining camps or sheep-herders' held. Then followed the marvelous huts, and when opportunity offers, she movement which resulted in almost the organizes a Sabbath-school, and even whole Maori nation being brought unholds preaching serviceS'. At her prin- der Christian instruction and civilizing cipal station, Oodanatta, she conducts influence, and which led the first bishop, daily worship in the public school. The George Augustus Selwyn, on his armission which she seems to have estab- rival in his new diocese in 1842, to lished upon her own initiative and write; "We see here a whole nation without compensation has now been of pagans converted to the faith." taken over by the Inland Committee of the Pres'byterian Church, and a similar Australian Methodist Centenary one is to be established at Alison Springs, said to be at the center of that great T HE centenary of Methodism in island continent." The Gult States Australia is to be celebrated next Presbyterian, commenting on this year, August roth being fixt upon as the record, says that those best acquainted date. On that day, in 1815, the first with the history of our pioneer churches Methodist minister landed in Sydneyin America know that a very large the Rev. Samuel Leigh-but Methodists proportion of them were begun at had been holding meetings at least three Sabbath-schools, in some good woman's years earlier. The Methodist brethren kitchen. now claim to have 3,534 church build- ings, costing over $6,250,000, and a New Zealand Centennial church membership of 150,000, with 621,000 adherents and 995 ministers and NEXT December will mark 100 years probationers. Considering that the pop- since Christianity was introduced ulation of the commonwealth is only into New Zealand, 25 years before the about 4,750,000, Methodists have no reaannexation of the islands by the Brit- son for discouragement. Methodism is ish, In 1809 England sent out the first one of the great religious forces of the mlsslOnaries-a Jomer, a shoemaker, world, and is ever gaining ground. and a schoolmaster. Two of thes'e men There is now but one Methodist sailed for Sydney in August, 1809, in body in Australia. Some years back there the transport ship Ann, and reached Port Jackson in February, 1810. There

were three well established-the Wes- her recognized standing as the best 1eyan Methodists, Primitive Methodists, authority on the dialect of the Bontoc and Bible Christians-and the United Igorot keeps up the traditions of Free Methodists and Methodist New scholarship of her Alma Mater. She Connection were also represented by a lives in Tukukan, and already there are few congregations. These have all indications that one of the small vilunited under the one name of Meth- lages is going to become Christian. odist, and are about equal in numerical Several of the leading old men, with strength to the Presbyterians. their wives and children, have already been baptized, and others are at pres- Opium in the Philippines ent under instruction. This seems to suggest similar possibilities for the T HE regulations relating to opium Mayinit region, hitherto unopened. The use, framed and enforced by the people have been very hostile to Ameri- United States authorities in the Philip- cans, Filipinos and neighboring Igorots pines, have resulted in very greatly re- alike. There are three large compact ducing the consumption of the drug. 'illages-Mayinit, Guinaang, and Dali- An official report states that as a re- can-and they boast that there is not sult of the law and its enforcement, "the a Christian in one of them.-Rev. Robuse or' opium is now confined to a com- ert White. paratively small number of confirmed users of the drug, practically all of A Chinese Missionary to Samoa whom are Chinese, who can not give up the vice and who will go to any H OW Christians in the South Seas length to obtain opium." While there are in many parts of the islands scattering are meeting their immigration instances where Filipinos still indulge problem is shown by the offer of stuin opium, it is reported that less than dents in Samoa to pay the salary of a 5 per cent. of the former Filipino Chinese teacher to work. among the users, who had numbered 40,000 in Chinese coolies on the plantations in 1906, were victims of the vice in 1911. that island. Mr. Li Shue Kwai has Since then conditions in Manila have volunteered, and he is well equipped for greatly improved and conditions in the this service to his countrymen. Mr. Li provinces are "fairly satisfactory." The was educated in a small school in Hong report has this suggestive statement, Kong, in a boys' school of the Ameripresumably not written by a fanatical can Presbyterian Mission in Canton, prohibitionist: "The only hope of ap- where he came under direct Christian proximating total suppression lies in influences, and in the Basle Mission making indulgence in the habit so diffi- Theological College, where he took a cult that the younger generation will four years' course. He has also had not acquire it, and in this direction the extended pastoral experience for over progress made has certainly been most IS years' Many requests have been satisfactory." made to him to remain in Canton, but after many delays, which included ar- A Woman Evangelist Among Savages rangements with the Australian immi- gration authorities (for he can only get AT Tukukan, Philippine Islands, a to Samoa via Sydney), he has sailed village about an hour's journey out for the land from whence he has heard of Bontoc, and hostile to it from time the cry: "Come over and help us." immemorial, an American lady is sole His wife is training as a nurse in the white resident. Miss Waterman grad- L. M. S. Hospital in Hong Kong and uated with Wellesley's first class, and joins him in a year or two.

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The Gospel Outlook in Fiji 1110nths to the shades of the king's an- cestors-which sacrifices the king used OUT of a native population of about to watch seated in a chair under the 90,000, in the Fiji Islands, over shelter of a large umbrella, with the queen mother on a stool by his side- 83,000 are returned this year as claim- has been presented by Sir R. S. S. ing attachment to the Methodist Church, Baden-Powell to the museum of the of whom more than 33,000 are in full Royal United Service Institution in membership. The missionary contribu- Whitehall, which already owned the tions of the native church last year royal umbrella. The bowl came into amounted to over fro,70o, and in addi- Sir Baden-Powell's possession during tion to this amount, large gifts were the Ashanti expedition of 1896. It was contributed for the payment of native fully described by Bowditch in his acteachers and the maintenance of native count of Kumasi, in 18I7. That city, churches. It is most probable that whose name means "City of Death," within the next year or two the Fij ian had three places of execution: one at mission will be declared an independent the palace for private executions, a secdistrict, and pass from under the con- end on the parade-ground for public trol of the 'vVesleyan mission board. executions, and a third for fetish sac- rifices at Bantama, where the bowl was AFRICA found. The blood of the victims, after leaves of certain herbs had been added, The Nile Mission Press-Egypt was considered a very valuable fetish medicine. DR. S. M. ZWEMER writes: "The statement made in the last re- I The Girl Problem in the Kongo port of the Press, that already no N Africa, as in India, the custom of less than 55 societies and 37 countries, child marriage is a great obstacle from Morocco to China, have ordered to the proper training of the girls. But literature from the Press, is sufficient in the Belgian Kongo, according to evidence that we must plan for a much Mrs. John Springer, of the Methodist larger development in the future. The mission, the lack of school facilities is work of the Press has only begun; both an even greater difficulty. She writes: on lines of production and distribution we are at the first stage. The kind of "The girl problem, as ever, is a literature sent out always awakens an serious one. Several of our young appetite for more. It is life-producing; men need wives and there are none it arouses investigation; it awakens 111- for them except" heathen girls, and all tellectual life; it can only satisfy by of those over 14 are already married. larger supply. Various missionary so- I have held girls' day school for the cieties are already beginning to look to past two terms. Some 20 girls were the Nile Press for printing and pub- enrolled. But the day school is not lishing on a scale which it is utterly enough to fit a girl to be a native impossible for us to undertake with teacher's wife. Another young man the present equipment." came yesterday to enter the Fox Bible Training School. He has a 'wife' I I TA Savage Trophy from Ashanti years old, and wishes to bring her HE work of the Ashanti mission, here. We do not know what to do. on the Gold Coast, is another in- Ve ask you to make special prayer for stance of the power of the Gospel to these girls; and that there shall be a transform savages. The brass bowl girls' boarding-school where they can which was formerly used in Ashanti to be received ere very long." receive the heads of human victims, of whom 20 were .sacrificed every three

Work for Lepera in Central Africa entirely heathen at this time.-Bishop 1. f. Willis. T HE Mission to Lepers has resolved Tranaformed By the Gospel . to make a grant toward work among lepers at Mbereshi, in Central As an instance of the tranquilizing Africa, in connection with the London effect of the kind treatment of pa- Missionary Society. There are many tients in Mengo Hospital, Miss A. M. districts in that great country where Brown wrote on December 29th: the disease is seriously prevalent, espe- "Early in the year a poor girl came to cially in the Awemba country. The us. . I have never seen anyone who appeal of the lepers has naturally come looked and acted so like a hunted anihome to those who are carrying on mal as ~he did. I think she had been this work, and for a considerable time so abominably treated that she had no past, certainly the last three years, a faith in anyone, and dreaded to be number of lepers-about 3S-have been touched in any way by any human gathered together and ministered to. being. Fortunately, Dr. Cook was able Leprosy is a serious factor in the life to operate and physically to put her ot some parts of Africa. right. When she was really on the way to recovery we began to teach her, Church Union in Livingstonia and slowly but surely the shrinking from us gave way to confidence, until I N connection with the scheme for ~he she used to beg us to stay with her, to union of the two great ScottIsh sit by her bed and teach her more. The churches, it is important to remember hunted, wretched look soon disappeared, that both churches have large missions and when she was quite well she went in British Central Africa, and it has back to her home promising to remembeen felt for some time that these ber what she had been taught, and to would be stronger if the native churches pray to God every day. A short time were united, so that all the converts afterward she came back to us asking would belong to one great organization. The proposal is to form a synod of i r she might be trained as an assistant, the two Presbyteries of Livingstonia and Blantyre, with a common doctrinal and now she is the most lovable of our basis and the Presbyterian forms of ward girls. Bright and happy and worship, discipline, and government. smiling all day, no one would recognize The name chosen for the united Church her as the miserable object who was is "The Church of Central Africa brought to us less than a year ago." Presbyterian." A Visit to King Khama Uganda Not Evangelized F• Ht~ryHoAfWtKheINSL,ondfoonreiMgnissisoencarrey- T HERE has been a very general im- pression that the work in Uganda Society, tells a wonderful story of a is practically finished, and that the recent visit to King Khama, "the most Gospel has spread all over the country, distinguished native of South Africa." that it is a Christian nation, with He says: Christian chiefs and a Christian king. The kingdom of Uganda has about "At daybreak, on the morning after 700,000 people in its kingdom, but the my arrival at Kgotla-Khama'scap- Protectorate of Uganda is quite a dif- ital-I attended a prayer-meeting for ferent thing. It stretches literally hun- rain. These meetings had been held dreds of miles. beyond, and there are a for weeks. About 800 men and women great variety of different tribes, almost were present, in almost equal propor- tions. Most of the women sat upon the ground, and the men on low chairs

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or stools which they brought with them. Society printed the first complete Zulu Khama sat on a deck-chair, under the Bible, translated by the American shadow of a tree, in the middle of one Board missionaries in Natal. Since of the sides of the oval into which the then it has shipped Zulu Scriptures to people had grouped themselves. His South Africa literally by the ton. young wife sat on his left hand. There Every Zulu who learns to read seems was singing, reading, and prayer. The at once to set about buying a Bible or cbief himself led the meeting in the a Testament. The final revision of final prayer, which lasted about five this Bible, which is now nearly comminutes. I am told he compared his country to a wilderness where there pleted, is the work of the Rev. J. D. was no river, and his people to a lonely dog in the desert crying for water. My Taylor, an Amherst CoUege man, who week's intercourse with Khama made .has been in South Africa fifteen years two impressions on my mind. The as a missIOnary. Mrs. Taylor has first is that he is a Christian gentle- copied the whole revised Bible on her man, and the second is that he is one typewriter; the proofs were sent back of the most cautious and astute men I to South Africa for close scrutiny, and have ever met in my life. He has a when finally returned, corrected, they remarkable mind, the working of which set the pressmen at the Bible House it is not always easy to understand, but free to do their share of this great work. 0: his desire to spread the light among In 1879 the Zulus were chiefly notorthe people over whom he rules there ious for having cut to pieces a column can not be a shadow of a doubt." of choice British troops at Isandula in Natal. One generation later we find United Work in Zululand some of them almost as eager for the revised Bible in their own tongue as HE Norwegian mission has united were the English-speaking peoples to T with the Berlin and Swedish get their revised Bible in 1881. Church mission for the education of native pastors, evangelists and teach- MOSLEM LANDS erS". A seminary has been placed in the Swedish station, Oscarsberg, north- Moslems and Christianity ern Natal; the school for evangelists in the Berlin station, Emmaus; and the A STRONG appeal has recently been school for teachers in the Norwegian made by a Mohammedan in Mecca, station, Umpumolo. A committee con- the Moslem "Holy of Holies," for a sisting of two men from each of these Christian missionary to be sent to that three societies, and with the Berlin district. mission superintendent, Minkner, as chairman, is responsible for this united Christian converts from Islam in work, which is considered very signi- Egypt are being subjected to a pecuficant for the future of the Lutheran liarly subtle temptation in the form of Church in Zululand.-Evangelisches bribes of Government positions· with Lutherisches Missionsblatt. good salaries on condition that they will abjure their faith in Christ. It is A Revised Version in Zulu ·not, perhaps, surprizing that some have yielded weakly to this temptation. THOUSANDS of Zulus in South Khutbas (Christian tracts written in Africa are eagerly awaiting the the style of popular Moslem sermons) are being translated into Russian and revised Bible in their language, now other languages for distribution among being printed at the Bible House, New Mohammedans that do not understand York. In 1882 the American Bible Arabic.

The Bible Among Turkiah Mo.lem. Boy Scout. in Syria T HE annual report of the American T HE many friends of the Boy Scout Board gives an illustration of the movement will be interested in way the truth spreads in Armenia. A hearing that there is in Syria and Pales- native woman who had come from a tine a Boy Scout Association, which village some distance away stopt the was cordially endorsed by the Mission- missionary on the streets of Adana and ary Educational Union of those COunasked for a Bible. As a child she had tries at a recent conference in Baalbek. learned to read at the Adana mission- in Turkey, too, the movement has. school, and had gone to a distant vil- gained great headway. A recent numlage as a bride 23 years ago, where there ber of the Association Quarterly, pubwas no school or religious service. She lished in Constantinople, contains good was given a Bible and some tracts. She reports from several of the troops and went back to her village, and on Sun- patrols; and there are many more, both days gathered the women together and in the capital and probably elsewhere. read to them. This village is the center It has taken hold on boys of all nationof about 30 villages within a IO-mile alities, and often in an international radius, all Moslems. One of the Turk- way. There are in Constantinople paish villages in this group recently sent trols among Armenians, Turks, Gera letter to the Protestant preacher, mans, in the French College of St. asking that a Christian teacher be sent Benoit, as well as in Robert College. to them, and intimating that "they de- One of the significant characteristics sired, as a village, to accept Christian- of both the Y. M. C. A. and the Boy ity." Scout movement, both of Western origin, is the way they have proved Y. M. C. A. in Constantinople their adaptability to the youth of Oriental lands. T HE secretary in Constantinople re- ports that there are 481 members T Baalbe.k Miuionary Conference. of 16 nationalities at the end of the HE fourth annual conference of first three months after organization. the Missionary Educational Union With only two small hired rooms for in Syria and Palestine was held in classes, there are yet 285 students in Baalbek, April r5th to 17th, inclusive, the night schoo!. So anxious are young and r5 societies, representing Irish, men to attend that they are willing to Scotch, English, American and Danish stand when all seats are taken. All mIssIOnary boards, had delegates presbut two of the r6 classes are taught by ent. Last year a deputation was apvolunteers. Some firms pay the fees of pointed to visit the boys' secondary employees wishing to attend. The as- schools in Syria and Palestine, to insociation has the cordial cooperation of vestigate all matters pertaining to this the Greek Bishop of Pera, of a leading phase of missionary education. This Roman Catholic priest of Constantino- delegation visited IS schools, and their ple, and of certain Turkish gentlemen report and recommendations became the of prominence. One suburb of the city basis for most of the discussion and has offered to furnish a building and action of the conference. During this athletic grounds for a branch associa- present school year there are 1,837 tion, and this is not the only quarter boys in secondary schools in this counmaking application for a local ass'Ocia- try, 1,190 of them being boarders. Of tion. Doors of opportunity are open- the number, about 500 are non-Chrising on all sides for this type of work tian, including 200 Moslems, ISO Druze, in this great Moslem center. and ISO Jewish students.

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INDIA them. Nat only from the various mis- Growth of Chri.tianity in India sions and from the Y. M. C. A., which is eager to organize rural work on a T HE census of India, taken as a large scale, but from several of the whole, deals with 22 divisions in- great rajahs, applications have come cluding the Protected States, and dwells for opportunities to place young men in a uniform manner on movement of in the school. population, birthplace, religion, age, sex, marriage, education, language, in- The special urgency for this scienfIrmities, caste, tribe, race, and occupa- tific agricultural teaching consists, from tion. This compendious information is the missionary standpoint, in the vast supplied in two volumes, one of which mass movements which are bringing is wholly taken up with tables of sta- into the Church countless thousands of tistics, while the other embodies re- low caste people who are skilled in no marks and comments on the results ex- occupation, and who can best serve the hibited by the various tables. necessities of their country by employ- ing themselves in the extension and de- The chapter on religion deals with velopment of agricultural processes the rapid increase in the number of which will grow more abundant food in Christians. The total number of Chris- a country that hitherto has been periodtians in India at the time of the census ically stricken with famine.-The Conwas 3,876,203, or 12 per mille of the tinent. population. During the decade since the previous census, the increase was The Colporteur's Perseverance 32.6 per cent., and the number of Christians has more than doubled since I88I. COLPORTEUR YOHANN, of the The proportional increase is by far the Bible Society, was working at a greatest in the Panjab, where there are now three times' as many Christians as great heathen festival in South India, in 1901, and where the Presbyterians attended by thousands of pilgrims, when have grown from 5,000 to 95,000 in the he was set upon by a crowd of roughs, 10 years. In the Central Provinces and who pulled off his turban, snatched his Berar the increase is 1~ per cent., and books away, and tore them up. He in Hyderabad, Assam, and the United writes: "Some pelted me with plan- Provinces the increases are 136.89 and tain-skins, cocoa,nut-shells, and other mis- 75 per cent., respectively. Friends of siles. All the police constables were missions in India may well take heart. on their side." The character of the man shines out in the words that fol- An Agricultural Million for India low: "However, I sold that day 45 Portions, and during the three days I PROFESSOR SAM HIGGINBOT- sold altogether 23 Testaments and 123 TOM of Ewing Christian College Portions." at Allahabad, India, is returning to this country at his own charges to spend The Bible for Tibet the summer here in the interest of the agricultural department of the college, EFFORTS of missionaries, Governof which he is the head. ment officials in India, Indian scholarS', and others have resulted in The 200-acre farm which Mr. Higgin- the production of good grammars and bottom works is pretty fairly equipperl, dictionaries of the Tibetan language. but he has no teaching facilities at all, . The New Testament, Genesis, Exodus, and no way of taking care of the young and the Psalms have been translated, men who would throng to the farm at and tracts, books, and hymn-books in once if quarters were prepared for Tibetan have been distributed and sold in various places in the Dalai Lama's

domains. Four Tibetan young men, tients have been treated. during the sons of high officials, and some year. The Laos American force is 55, Tibetan lads from Darjeeling have with 92 native helpers. In the 26 gone to England for education at the churches there are 6,299 communicants Government's expense. They will stay and 6,269 in the Sabbath-schools. In 10 years and will study language, the 42 schools are 1,568 pupils, and in handicraft, and law, as well as other the 14 hospitals and dispensaries 21;877 educational branches. Also a cinema- patients have been treated during the tograph company, financed and managed past year. by Tibetans, is said to have started for Lhasa. So the opening up of closed CHINA domains continues. Millions to Re..,eive the Gospel How Ceylon Student. Supported a Mi••ion SHENSI is the province lying west of Shansi, with the Chinese Wall on AT a mission college in Ceylon, Dr. the north. It is very rich in natural John R. Mott found a band of stu- resources, the greatest coal, iron, and dents so poor that 16 of them occupied petroleum field in Asia. The north one room. Nearby he saw a banana section of the province, larger than the plantation which these youths culti- State of Massachusetts, contains a popvated in their spare time. On being ulation of several millions, without mis~ asked what they did with the money sionary work of any kind. That 1.,900 they earned, the students pointed to an years after Christ such a populous reisland far out at sea, and explained gion should remain without the Gospel that two years ago they had sent there one of their graduates to start a is a: fact Christian people can not con- Christian schoo!. Since then a church had grown up. They were supporting template with complacency. But at this worker, and were going to send last the light breaks in. The Amerihim to another island that year. These can Board is asked by the All-China students also required the cook to lay Committee on Comity to assume reaside every tenth handful of rice, and sponsibility for evangelizing this resold it in order to carryon their Chris- gion, and a promise of $1,000 per year tian work. from a Boston business man makes possible the opening of a great new A Mi.sionary Decorated work.

A THIRD missionary of the Presby- Miaaion in a Buddhist Monastery terian Board, Marcus B. Carlton, M.D., has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind REV. E. H. SMITH of Inghok, medal for services rendered to the peo- Fukien province, writes: "Through ple of India. the district we are being urged to take over the direction of the public schools Thin,s Siamese that the Chinese know they can not run. This is, to-day, presenting one of our A PAMPHLET setting forth the la- most pressing and attractive opportuni- test news from Siam has been pub- ties. Already one village has given me lished, and may be had by writing to the deeds of its local endowed Buddhist 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. In monastery and the proceeds are to be Siam is a force of 46 American mis- used perpetual1y for the suppo.rt of a sionaries and 73 native workers. In Christian schoo1. The school is already the 13 churches are 662 communicants organized and flourishing. 'Our Monand 667 in the Sabbath-schools. In the astery' will be one of our problems, for II hospitals and dispensaries 8,455 pa- it is likely to be the forerunner of many other similar projects. The Gov-

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ernment IS helpless in the face of its people have provided a fund of no less educational problems, and they are than $750,000 to be us·ed for the erec- seeking our aid in supervising their tion of new buildings for Nanking schools. We are desperately working Union University and Shangtung Chris- out plans for educational committees of tian University. The former is prQb- the local communities, with the preach- ably the chief rival of St. John's Uni- ers as presidents and principals of the versity, Shanghai, and Boone Univer- schools. I am also insisting that the sity, Wuchang, for the educational schools must be held in our chapels, leadership of Central China. It is a where they can be properly supervised, joint effort of three or four American and be subject to our course of study communions, including Presbyterians and examination. We call them co- and Methodists. Shantung University is operating schools, but in reality we in- easily the leading Christian college of sist we must have full authority over North China. It is maintained by Ameri- teachers, pupils, and curriculum. can Presbyterians, English Churchmen Three Hundred Days of Evangelism affiliated with the S. P. G., and Eng- lish Baptists. A Chicago architect has REV GEORGE H. SEVILLE writes, gone to China to make a first-hand in China's Millions, of a special study of the architectural and con- struction phases of this notable underevangelistic effort in Wenchow district taking. at the time of the Chinese New Year: "A band of 70 workers engaged in this, and they reported unusual readiness to A Notable Chinese Convert hear on the part of the people. Soon after this special work had ended, H AI PING SHAN FUNG is a Chiabout 50 of those who had taken part in it met and pledged 300 days of nese philosopher who for years has evangelistic work; some promised thought upon the mysteries of life with money instead of time, to be used for a mind open toward truth, and who is traveling and other expenses connected said by those who have come in conwith this special work. The proposal tact with him to have one of the keencame from two or three of the Chinese est minds to be found in China at the brethren, so is especially encouraging. present day. He was one of the lead- This promising to give so many days ers in the revolution in the province of of work preaching the Gospel is new Szechuen, and is said to have shown to Wenchow, but we feel it is abso- "the zeal of a tiger." lutely necessary if the whole district is to be evangelized in a reasonable As soon as the revolutionists had selength of time." cured their demands and the turmoil had subsided, Mr. Hai went to Wuhu, where he accepted a position in one of the modern Government schools which Great Gifts for Educational Work had been established in that city. Early AMERICAN Presbyterians have of in I913, a native pastor of the Ameri- late been making vigorous efforts . can Episcopal mission of Wuhu led to meet the situation existing in the him to. consider the claims of Chris- new China. Special emphasis has been tianity. He gave the same thorough, laid upon the need for greatly enlarged careful study to the Bible that he had and improved equipment for educa- given to the Buddhist writings. Six tional work. Nearly $1,000,000 have months after he began the study of the been given or pledged for enterprises Bible he was induced to attend one of for which the Presbyterian Board is the summer conferences held by the solely responsible. Besides this, a few Young Men's Christian Association for

Government school students, and there disorder to do so; perhaps even hoping made a public confession of his dis- for disorder that they may have that covery of the truth. The concluding opportunity. Pray for the peace of words of his testimony are: "Our China, and for those in authority, that Savior, Jesus Christ, is the Great Mira- we may lead a quiet and peaceable life cle. A belief in Him gives us power in all godliness and gravity, and that to live the victorious Iife."-The Bible the work be not hindered." Magazine. JAPAN-KOREA WEProgress in the Plans for Shansi have already announced that T Old Japan in the New the American Board has accepted HERE is much in the news that the proposition of the officials of Shansi comes from the Mikado's Empire to undertake the supervision of the that might lead one to think that the educational system of the province. new Japan has thrown off entirely the The special appeal for this object has superstitions' and customs of the past, brought in $12,500, in gifts ranging but the following item from a Japanese from one dollar to one thousand dol- newspaper shows the hold that these lars. It is gratifying to know that the have even upon so intelligent a body uniqueness and the urgency of this ail the Japanese Parliament: great opportunity has thus been recognized. "The three opposition parties in the Lower House, according to the Y omiuri The Board has appointed Mr. Arthur Shim bun, have decided to put forth a W. Hummel of Chicago, and his fiancee, second attempt to secure the adoption Miss Bookwalter, to take charge of the of a motion expressing want of con- Government high school at Fenchow, fidence in the Cabinet. Should they under the joint arrangement with the fail a second time, their next step will Government, and is looking for another be, not an appeal to the people, to the educator to supervise the village schools. ballot box, but to the spirits of the de- Mr. Hummel is graduating from the parted ancestors! They will despatch Divinity School of Chicago University messengers immediately following the after a career as teacher in the Gov- vote in the Lower House, in case of ernment schools of Japan. His train- defeat, to the tomb of the late emperor ing and experience fit him finely for at Momoyama and to the National the work in Shansi. shrine at Ise. The spirits of the dead will be duly informed of the resu1t."- A Setback for Opium Suppression The Japan E11angelist.

REV. H. S. FERGUSON, of the China A Eager for Improvement Inland mission, writes from Ying- CCORDING to latest statistics Japan Chow-fu that China is in a distressful has almost 7,000,000 pupils in her condition. "The revolution does not ap- elementary schools. In the secondary pear to have accomplished anything for schools nearly 200,000 students are enliberty or order or stable government. rolled. In addition to these, various It is much easier to throw down than technical schools are maintained, into build up. I tremble for the work of cluding agricultural, commercial, indusopium suppression, which would have trial, and nautical institutions. These been accomplished by this time but for send out yearly about 90,000 graduates. the revolution. With opium fully four Institutions of higher learning for both times the value of silver, it is no won- men and women are supplemented by der that multitudes are eager to grow effective mission schools. There are it, and are ready to take advantage of

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also four Imperial universities. In spite One is much imprest by the evidence of all this provision, the demand for of Christian fellowship between the modern education is so great that leaders of the Korean and Japanese neither the Government nor the mis- association, a fellowship based on musions working in Japan have been able tual respect and confidence in Christian adequately to meet the situation. As love. to religion, Doctor Sato says the J apanese have come to see that Christianity Remodeling Korea supplies a great moral need. Respect for the missionaries increases. The REV. E. H. SMITH writes in the schools are crowded with applicants Pittsburgh Christian Advocate: for admission. Young men come to "Now, after five years of Japan's pro- America for education. tectorate and three years of annexa- tion, what do we find? A few years It is a significant fact that in Japan ago men were writing of 'The Passing 9.1 per cent. of children of school age of Korea.' They must now bring their are in educational institutions, modern- records up to date by writing of 'The ized and adapted rapidly to make the Remodeling of Korea.' The railroad Japanese nation a reading people. has been finished from Fusan in the There is almost no other land on earth southeast to New Wiju in the northof which such a fact can be stated. west. The Japanese proudly refer to How imperative upon us, therefore, is Fusan as 'the gateway to Europe.' It the demand to see that these boys and has an up-to-date pier, a magnificent girls and young men and women of station and custom house. Last year this great people shall be persuaded to the completion of the $I,OOO,ooo search the Scriptures in which are the bridge across the Yalu River perfected words of Eternal Life. the connection with the South Man- churia and Siberian railroads. The in- The Assodation Movement in Korea land cities, which were accessible only over bridgeless cowpaths, have been IF the institutions which a people connected with highways from I2 to 24 transplant to the country of their feet wide, and a system of roads aggreadoption are any indication of the type gating 6,500 miles is being constructed. of their civilization, it is suggestive Automobile service connects with the railroad the inland cities of Haiju and that all through Korea, where the .Tapa- Kongj u. Korea is still under military rule; but a civil government is gradnese have gone in large numbers, there ually being formed, which doubtless will are found Young Men's Christian As- soon replace the military. Governorsociations as centers of culture and in- General Terachi is attempting to asfluence. At Fusan, Taikyu, Seoul, Che- similate the Koreans by humane rather mulpo, Peng Yang, and New Wiju, are than forcible means. It is against the fully organized city associations doing law to strike a Korean, and the Japaa splendid work. They have a total nese are treating them as younger brothers. Speaking at a service in a membership of 700, with good quarters Japanese church not long ago, the preacher created much comment by acaEd strong volunteer leadership. Only cidental1y calling the people 'dojin'- the Seoul Association enjoys the pres- meaning 'natives' or 'aborigines'-inence of regular secretaries. Related to stead of 'Chosenjin,' or 'Chosenese.' A the regular association movement are well-known missionary in Seoul, who the railway associations, which enrol is regarded as somewhat anti-Japanese, 3.000 members out of a little more than e.ooo employees. There are also 9 student associations throughout Korea. with 587 members.

frankly says that he finds nothing to sionary effort. It also probably repre- criticize in Japan's administration of sents the largest sum ever given by an Korea." Armenian in America to philanthropic work in his own country, and ranks I Progreaa in Korea. among the most splendid giftS' that have T is 17 years since I arrived in been made through the American Korea. What changes I have seen! Board. His estate is divided into Then there was hardly a rift in the shares expected to yield the following .cloud of heathenism. Among I2,000,- amounts to these several objects: To 000 people there were le~s than 700 the Armenian Evangelical Church of Christians. The Methodist Episcopal Manhattan, of which he was a devoted Church had 229 members, and the member, and upon whose services he Presbyterians rather more. The first was a regular attendant in recerit service of the Southern Methodist mis- yearS', $ro,ooo; Evangelical missionary sion in Korea was held in April, 1897, work in Turkey under the American the first convert was baptized two or Board, $15,000; Central Turkey Colthree weeks later by Dr. C. F. Reid. lege, Aintab, $15,000; Euphrates Col- Itt May, I went on to Songdo, but it lege, Harpoot, $15,000; Anatolia Colwas not until December 4th of the fol- lege, Marsovan, $ro,ooo; the American lowing year that I baptized our first Board for the following several obtwo converts. From the Songdo work jects under the charge of the American alone 2,828 were reported to the annual meeting held last fall. Here is a Board, $35,000, viz., Adabazar Girls' suggestion of "God's Arithmetic," it took 18 months of work for the first High School, Bardizag Boys' High two converts, and 16 years later there School, Brousa Girls' School, hospital are 3,319 Christians (2,828 members, ill Cesarea, Boys' High School in Talas. 491 probationers) .-Rev. C. T. Collyer, Mr. Telfeyan's object, as may be seen TVonsan. from these bequests, had distinctly in view the training of native leaders AMERICA among his people to do teaching and evangelistic work in their own coun- TGifts to Charity and Philanthropy try. He had grown to be deeply inter- HE amount contributed to philan- ested in this aspect of the work of the thropic and charitable purposes for American Board in Turkey. He came the year 1913 is given in the press as to America 25 years ago a poor man, $169,841,443, It is also thought that and with other members of his family these figures do not cover all the gifts has built up one of the largest rug actually made during the past year. businesses in the country. While un- The total mentioned is classified as fol- der the influenceS' of missionary work lows: Charities, $85,109,640; educa- in his native land, his open and active tion, $27,776,997; to religious bodies, connection with the Church has been $21,232,300; to art museums, galleries, in New York, where he was a member and municipal improvements, $23,560,- (f the Armenian Evangelical Church.- 505; to libraries~ $2,162,000. Congregationalist.

T An Armenian'8 Bequests Home Mission Institutes HE will of Mr. Sarkis G. Telfeyan, the well-known rug merchant of UNDER the general direction of the New York, who died recently, is a re-· Home Missions Council, a deputamarkable document. It gives a notable tion of seven specialists and experts, example of the return of the "bread representing the Baptists, Congregacast upon the waters" in foreign mis- tional, Methodist, and Presbyterian de-

WORLD-WIDE IIIISSIONARY NEWS

nominations, has, during the past win- the annual conferences of the former ter, held institutes of two days' dura- denomination have voted in favor of tion each in central cities of six West- such union, and the General Confer- ern States-South Dakota, North Da- ence of the United Brethren having kota, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Colo- voted that when this proportion had rado. From 38 to 75 home mission approved the plan it should be sub- workers, representing different denomi- mitted to the members of the denomi- nations, have been in attendance in nations for final action, the next step each place. There was no attempt to toward union is the taking of such a attract popular audiences, but only the referendum. Formal action to that end earnest, serious workers. was taken by the General Conference As some of the results of these con- at its meeting in May, and the joint ferences one may name: cOlllmissioners of the two churches are 1. In Montana, Oregon, and Utah, to come together to canvass all ques- initial steps were taken for the forma- tions preliminary to the referendum of tion of State Federations of Churches. the syllahus and plan of union to a In South Dakota, North Dakota, and vote of the people, and to arrange for Colorado, federations already existing said referendum.-Methodist Recorder.

were quickened to better methods and closer cooperation. Italian Protestants in America 2. Knowledge of methods was dis- I seminated and church efficiency pro- N New York City alone, there are now 25 Italian Protestant churches. moted.

3. Problems and tasks were lifted I<oman Catholics have I9. One Chiout of their narrow provincialism and cago church has 461 members, and one seen as parts of a great divine whole, in New Haven has 500 members. The in which many workers doing separate two Italian Presbyterian churches of parts are linked and united.-Missiolls. l-'hilaclclphia have a combined member- Union Training Institute ship of almost 600. The Baptists, the lTethodiiits, and the Presbyterians of OUR INC; the past 28 years, 193 mis- Imerica have each about 60 ordained sionaries, trained in the Union Italian ministers. In some quarters Mission Training Institute of Brooklyn, congregations are being formed as the X. Y., have gone to foreign lands under result of a single evangelistic camthe direction of the different denomi- paign by Protestant home missionaries'. national missionary boards, including The harvest truly is great among the the Baptist, Congregational, Evangel- 1talian immigrant, and the great need ical Alliance, Mennonite, Methodist is that of laborers for the harvest. Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant "Yes," says the American IVIcssenger, Episcopal, Reformed Church of Amer- "there is one other need. and that is an ica, etc. The president-elect, Dr. Jesse awakening of the Christian churches VV. Brooks. announces several suh- of America to the fact that there. is scriptions already made hy generous destiny in this opportunity-destiny for friends toward the new building fund America in that we must save the imof the institute. migrant from infidelity if we would Two Denominations to Unite save ourselves, and destiny for Italy in T HE proposed union of the Meth- the fact that by the influence of re- odist Protestant and the United tnrriing immigrants the character and Brethren churches seems likely to be the faith of Italy will be finally deter- effected. More than three-fourths of mined by the Italians of America."

"Go-to-Church" in Hawaii many central towns in Venezuela as f'vangelists and colporteurs. WORKERS in the American Mis- sionary Association report that EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN the observance of Go-to-Church Sun- Student Volunteers in 1913 day, throughout their entire field, has proved a stimulating experience. A T HE Student Movement publishes a contributor to the Congregationalist list of 128 British Student Volunwrites from Hawaii: t('ers who sailed in 1913, a larger num- ber than in any of the five preceding "With the advent of 1914 the Go-to- years. Twenty-eight of these went out Church movement in Honolulu began in under the vVesleyan Missionary Soearnest. Its chief feature has lain in ciety; 14 under the C. M. S.; the same getting before the people the claims of number under the S. P. G.; 12 under religion. In doing this it has been the London Missionary Society; and 10 using modern methods." under the United Free Church of Scot- land. All successful advertisers know the importance of following up an adver- The Metropolitan Tabernacle and Its tisement, and in connection with Go-to- Missions Church Sunday this pertinent comment is made; "Certainly the Christian MR. SPURGEON set large numforces of the United States are waking bers of his converts to carry up on the question of getting their wares before the eyes of men by per- on missions established near the sistent advertising. The question is, Tabernacle. With the passing of Will the churches meet this campaign the years, certain of the halls, unof advertising by a corresponding wel- happily, have succumbed for lack come and an enthusiastic endeavor to of financial support. There still remake their services winsome and help- main a dozen, however; some, like ful ?"-The Congregationalist. Haddon Hall and Surrey Gardens, Me- morial Hall, large and flourishing; 'r Bible Institute in Venezuela others comparatively small, and need- HE Hebron Bible Institute in Vene- ing substantial help to carryon their zuela is fitting Latin Americans as work efficiently. Between seven and evangelists in Spanish-speaking coun- eight thousand persons, young and old, tries. At present there are five choice are weekly brought under instruction, men from Porto Rico and four Vene- in services' and meetings which are zuelans in residence. While the school officered and carried on by nearly 600 is a faith enterprise, it is a works en- members of the Tabernacle Church. terprise as well. After IO years of residence it has replaced an old ruined T Books for Soldiers and Sailors building with an entirely new one, and HE Gospel Book Mission to the a good start has been made on the cul- Army and Navy, under the directivation of its soo acres of land. The tion of Mr. Brider of Bristol, Engstudents contribute by labor toward the land, has completed its fortieth year' of improvement of the home and farm, service. and toward self-support. The value taken out of the ground in stone, lime The objects of the mission are to reand building material equals the con- ceive bound volumes, magazines, tracts, tributions from outside. It is expected to be forwarded to friends who underthat within two or three years there take the work of distribution among will be some 15 graduates occupying as soldiers and sailors at home and abroad; to collect funds for purchasing Gospel literature and general expenses; to seek

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Gut and correspond with missionaries there is more in heaven and earth than and Christian soldiers and sailors at the laboratory can reveal. The Times home and abroad. discusses the various explanations of the reaction from atheism, but expresses During the past year I,824 parcels its belief that its real cause lies deep and boxes of reading matter have been in the nature of man. He has spiritual sent out, many of them to British sol- instincts that can not, in the long run, diers in India, and the letters of thanks be stifled. All friends of France will from the recipients show the deep need rejoice to hear that at last the tide has existing for the circulation of truth turned, and will hope that the new re- among the men. Surrounded as we are by ligious spirit will take a less mechanbook-shop,;, we do not know what it is ical form than in the past. to be without a book; but many men who spend weary weeks and months I Mormon Propaganda Frustrated on the ocean, and' others who are in N Bergen, Norway, the Mormons had foreign lands, could tell a different been carrying on an energetic propastory. ganda for several years. Some time ago, they secured a rather valuable THE CONTINENT property in a prominent place of the city. But in this transaction they came A A Notable Day in Spain in conflict with a law of the country CABLEGRAM from Barcelona, with reference to foreigners holding Spain, dated May 4th, says: "The real estate. They applied for concesgreatest Protestant meeting ever held sions from the Government, which, in Spain, with more than 4,000 present, however, were refused, and so no good was addrest by Rev. Francis E. Clark, title to their property could be secured. LL.D., president of the World's Chris- They were anxiouS' now to sell out. tian Endeavor Union. The corporation It so happened that the Cathedral of Barcelona granted the use of the Church congregation was looking for a Fine Arts Palace, the largest auditorium property, and finding the Mormon in the city, a concession absolutely property suitable, purchased it for 80,- without precedent in the history of 000 crowns. Spanish Protestantism. Dr. Clark will address conventions in Madrid, Valen- Balkan Christians Stand the Test cia, Zaragoza, and Bilbao." A LETTER has come from Rev. W. AFrance Coming Back to Religion C. Cooper, of Salonica, Greece, N article of very great interest ap- telling in detail of relief work in Mace- peared in The Times. the other day, donia during the winter, and of the written by a correspondent who was on terrible slaughter of non-combatants a visit to France. He tells how he which took place in city and village benoticed everywhere indications of a re- tween and after the two wars, He ligious revival. The Times itself goes says: further than its correspondent, and states that for years a progressive "As for pillage, one might truthfully change has been taking place in the say that the people took part in it alattitude of certain classes of French- most universally. Almost the only peo~ men toward religion. The class in pIe who did not kill or steal were our which the movement is most unmistak- Protestant Christians. I myself saw able is that of the educated young men. last summer apparently whole villages It is already influencing the literature hauling plunder in ox-carts from deof the country. Even among the ablest serted Turkish houses, and rejoiced to of the unbelievers it is recognized that know that in these same villages our

people stood true to righteousness in baptism of the newcomer with all divine spite of the solicitations of their neigh- powers of Love, and Patience, and bors. True it is that I I of our z39 Enthusiasm. In other words, I would communicants in this Plain took part lay hands on him so that he receive the in plundering, much to our shame and Holy Spirit." sorrow, but we rejoice in the zz8 who withstood temptation. Those who MISCELLANEOUS sinned were disciplined and we have reason to believe that no stolen goods The Mission to Lepers are now in their possession, they hav- ing returned same where the owners "THE Mission to Lepers in India could be found, and paid into the relief fund for the things which had no and the East," foun.ded by Mr. owner. The public discipline which VVellesley C. Bailey of Edinburgh, 40 we gave wiII, I am sure, be a lesson in years ago, has so enlarged its field of ethics to many, both inside and outside service that the name has been changerl the Church."-American Board Bulle- to "The Mission to Lepers." They tin. have now leper asylums in IndIa, Burma, Siam, Malaysia, China, Korea, Were I An Old Missionary and Japan. This mission supplit's funds for building, equipment and mainte- I N the April number of the Korea Mis- nance for asylums, while various de- sion Field, were enumerated, under nominational boards and societies pro- this caption, the following points, which vide the salaries for the missionary or are equally applicable to workers in superintendent. Thus the work is dis- other fields: tinctly a union, interdenominational work, and should he generously sup- "Vere I an old missionary, T would ported by the churches at home. The "1. Put first things first. headquarters are in Edinburgh, with "z. I would soon find out that thc branch offices and committees in Lon- first of first things, considering the clan, in Canada, and in the United future of the work, is the undisputed States. V/111. M. Danner, 105 Cam- necessity of leading the new missionary bridge Street, Cambridge, Mass., is sec- into the walk he must walk and teach- retary for The United States committee, ing him the talk he must talk. of which Fleming H. Revell is treas- "3. I would not entrust him with urer. several grown-up men's work imme- diately, and then feel offended if he OBITUARY seems to try to run the mission. "4. I would seek him out at Confer- F. S. Arnot of Africa ence, at his hearth, and in the byways, grasp him affectionately by the hand, F S. ARNOT, the well-known mis- and say: 'Brother, my word to you is • sionary to the Garenganze in this: Get the language. Without it Central Africa, recently died at Johan- you are only half a man. Get it at the nesburg. In 191 I he made a pioneer sacrifice of anything below your health journey to the Kabompo River, and and your honor.' was so greatly imprest with the neecl of "5. I would make it a point to rap on the people, ami with the openings for the head (figuratively) any and all per- work among them, that he huilt a hut- sons who, officially or otherwise, burden house, and laid his plans to return there the shoulders of the raw enthusiast to for more permanent work, but his . the detriment of his language study. health prevented him. After a brief "6. Finally, I would pray for the visit to England, he set out again for Kabompo with two young brethren, but had not been long at work when he was again laid aside.

of Missionary Leadership.. By tragedy as the I3Iack Hole of

Robert E. Speer. 12mo. 283 pp. $1.50, . The 'glorious' Republic was bought at net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- heavy cost." Through Mr. Keyte's vivid tion, Philadelphia, 1914. narrative we enter the stern realities of Robert E. Speer, the able and versa- the experienced and comprehend the contending influences through his intile secretary of the Presbyterian Board terpretation of parties and leaders. of Foreign Missions, is becoming recognized as the "Boswell" of mission- The second section of the book rearies, known and unknown. These lec- lates to the foreigners who came face tures take up the lives and lessons of to face with brutal death in Shensi. such men as Talter Lowrie, who laicl In alI the noble army of martyrs there the foundations of the Presbyterian are no brighter names than those of Board; Jeremiah Evarts, of the Ameri- the missionaries of Sianfu in the clark can Board; Paul Sawayama of Japan, clays of 191 I. What an evidence of Nehemiah Goreh of India, David Trum- the presence of Christ in the world is bull of Chile, and Rufus Anderson, an the spirit of divine forgiveness with early missionary statesman of the Amer- which they met their murderers!

ican Board. In spite of the untoward events of The studies are full of suggestion as the transition period, the author's con- fidence in the high destiny of the Chito wise missionary policy and of en- nese people is unshaken and his reliance couragement to faith. They prove our is based upon the ordinary peasantry, debt to many pioneers who are not al- in whom he discerns "the elements of ways sufficiently honored for careful true national greatness." "It is a foundation laying, and as those who knowledge of, and intimacy with, this have borne the burden and heat of the great class, the backbone of the nation, which give the lie to pessimism as to day. the future of China."

The Passing of the Dragon. The Story A Study of the Thlingets of Alaska. By Livingston F. Jones. 8vo. 261 pp. oEfxptehdeitiSohne. nsiByReJv.oluct.ionKeayntde, Relief $l.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., M.A. New York, 1914. The Thlingets are one of the origi- Illustrated. 12mo. 311 pp. Hodder nal Indian tribes of Alaska and Inand Stoughton, 1913. habit the southeastern portion of the great land. Livingston Jones, who has History has perhaps never been made lived among them for over twenty years, believes that they are of Monor recorded with such rapidity as in golian origin.' His description of their characteristics, customs, industries, vices the last two years in China. In spite and religion, is most illuminating and entertaining. The book is an excellent of many books on the theme, the study first-hand and authoritative study of an of the revolution would be incomplete without the intimate account which Mr.

Keyte has given us of its darkest epi- sodes, in the province of Shensi. No bloodless revolution was here. Days of massacre followed nights of terror, and women and little children were vic- tims of relentless butchery. The boun- daries of Shensi enclosed as great a

interesting people. There is a striking all will be delighted to read. Goodbird similarity in many of their characteri:t- was "born on a sand-bar near the tics and customs to those of Pacific mouth of the Yellowstone, seven years Islanders and to Japanese.. Some quaint before the battle in which Long Hair legends are given and some amusing (General Custer) was killed." The anecdotes pertaining to native judicial narratiye of his childhood, beliefs, con- procedure. The work of Protestant tact with the white man and its result, missions receives scant mention but is will reveal the Red Man and his possi- highly endorsed. The Indians are bilities more clearly than would be being educated, and are learning the shown in many pages of description. true meaning of Christianity and the value of a Christian life. The Child in the Mi<;lst. By Mrs. Mary Schauffier Labaree. Illustrated. 12mo. The Alaskan Pathfinder. The Story of 272 pp. SO cents, net.; 30c., paper. Sheldon Jackson for Boys. By Rev. Central Committee on the United John T. Faris. Illustrated. 12mo. 221 Study of Foreign Missions, West pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. Medford, Mass., 1914. The kinship of the many branches of True life stories well told are after ail the best for boys. Sheldon Jackson the human race is seen in childhood lived a strong, brave life of varied ad- the world over. In many lands the vtntures of hardship, and bravery, and little ones are neglected, abused, unachievement in the Western plains and trained, become prematurely old or abin the Alaskan wilderness. The story normally wicked, but everywhere their must appeal to boys and stir them to natures and their needs are practically admiration and emulation. the same. With good parentage, careful trammg, an opportunity to play in In Red Man's Land. By Francis E. wholesome surroundings, they develop Leupp. Illustrated.. 12mo. 162 pp. SO into strong men and women; with the cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New lack of these they are stunted and de- York, 1914. formed, physically, morally, and spirit- ually. Francis E. Leupp, as former United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Mrs. Labaree's study book on the had unusual opportunities for the study childhood of the world-especially of of the progress and needs of American non-Christian countries-makes a strong Indians. He here gives a well-drawn appeal to interest and sympathy. It is picture of the Redman as a man in crowded with stirring facts and incihis relation to the Government, to his dents such as can not fail to move white neighbor, in modern society, and deeply anyone who reads. The childeducation. The chapter on missions to hood of the world is carefully studied the Redman is written by Dr. A. F. and presented in infancy, in the home, Beard, who briefly reports the work at work and play, at school, at worship and fields of the various denominational and in service for Christ. None of the demissions. As' a home mission text-book servedly popular United Mission Study this will be found reliable and at- text-books have struck such an appealing tractive. note. The classes that take up this study and the individuals who read the Goodbird, the Indian. His Story told by book are to be envied-but they will Himself to Gilbert L. Wilson. Illus- be hard-hearted, indeed, if they can trated. 12mo. 80 pp. Paper, 25 cents, read it without doing more to relieve net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. and save the children of the world- The autobiography of this good live these are to be the men and women of Indian is very entertaining and impressive. It is a story for juniors that to-morrow. Read it prayerfully.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

Up and Down the North Pacific Coast. not fail to interest thel1l. Many times By Canoe and Mission Ship. By Rev. this brave and beloved hero, who never Thomas Crosby, D.D. Illustrated. carried weapons, was face to face with 8vo. 403 pp. Methodist Mission what seemed certain d'eath. The New, Rooms, Toronto, 1914. Cuinea mission is a monument to his Few outside of Canada know much labors, and many bless his name and worship his Lord. of this work on the western coast of Canada. Dr. Crosby tells here of the The Spiritual Conquest of the Rockies. work among the Indian tribes of Can- By Rev. Wm. N. Sloan. 8vo. 242 pp. ada and Alaska. He also c~ntributes $1.25, net. Hodder & Stoughton, New some valuable information about Indian York and London, 1914. customs and beliefs. The volume might The Western States of America are have been condensed to advantage, but is a readable account of the Indians and the fields of heroism, of sacrifices, of work among them. opportunity. None can ever measure Among the An-ko-me-nums. By Rev. the debt that we owe to those spiritual Thomas Crosby. Illustrated. 16mo. pioneers who have faced privation and 243 pp. William Briggs, Toronto, danger to establish the Church of 1907. Christ in frontier towns. These are "What are Christians in the world· the men and women who have saved for but to achieve the impossible with the land from degradation and spiritual the help of God?" This stirring ques- death.

tion of the hero of Hampton might Rev. Wm. N. Sloan, a home mission- have been asked with equal fervor by ary from Montana, has recounted here the English lad of twenty-two years, the results of his observations and ex- who set out in r862 from his Canadian periences. His picture of the lure of home, to preach the Gospel of salva- the West shows its attractions to young tion and civilization to the Flathead and virile men, and the story of home Indians of British Columbia. Already, missionary heroism and progress calls like John Wesley at Oxford, "with for volunteers. Dr. Sloan denies that burning zeal to be helpful to others," Western towns are over-churched, for hc had visited the sick, the prisoners, v-estern fields are in general pitiably un- the depraved, and the same desire which dermanned. More incidents of actual led John Wesley to Georgia, "to con- nllsslOnary experience would have vert the Indians," became the ruling added life and power to these lectures.

motive of his courageous and self- Students for the ministry should read denying life. The story of that life Mr. them before deciding to settle in the Crosby is relating in a series of vol- Eastern States.

umes, the first of which, now before us, Presbyterian Medical Missions. By A. W. Halsey, D.D. Pamphlet. Illustrated. concerned the pioneer years. It is an essential chapter of the modern Acts of 127 pp. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York, 1914. the Apostles.

Here is an effective presentation of Great Heart of Papua (James Chal- medical and philanthropic work of the mers). W. P. Nairne. Illustrated. 12mo. 229 pp. 2s., net. London Mis- Presbyterian missions around the world.

sionary Society, 1913. The illustrations impress the facts of Like the life of John G. Paton, the suffering and of reliei even more career o{ James Chalmers, the great forcibly than the verbal descriptions'.

missionary to New Guinea, abounds in "Before and after" are used with adventure and in heroic achievement. striking effect. The pamphlet is worth This story of the most striking inci- reading, and will be very useful in mis- dents is told for young people, and can sionary meetings.

NEW BOOKS PAMPHLETS Our Task in India. Shall we Proselytise Madagascar for Christ. Impressions of Hindus or Evangelize India? By Ber- Nine Missionary Visitors to Madagas- nard Lucas. 12mo. x-183 pp. $1.00, car, July to October, 1913. 68 pp. 6d., /let. The Macmillan Co., N ew York, net. Friends' Foreign Mission Associa- tion, London, 1914. 1914. Conscience and Truth. A Help to Bible Recruits for World Conquests. By Lee Study for Evangelists and Enquirers. By Rev. R. Frolich. 164 pp. 6d. Rev. R. Scarborough. 12mo, 124 pp. 75c., E. Brutzer, L. E. L. Mission, Kilpauk, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, Madras, 1914. Conference of Federated Missions. Ad- 1914. dresses, Papers, and Reports of Com- Glory of the Pines. A Tale of the On- mittees, Together with Minutes of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting, January 7, tonagon. By William Chalmers Covert. 8, 1914, Tokyo, Japan. 40 pp. Feder- Frontispiece, 12mo, 245 pp. $1.25, net. ated Missions, 7S Bluff, Yokohama, The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, Japan, 1914.

1914'. Missionary Women and the Social Ques- A Master-Builder on the Nile. Being a tion. By M. Katharine Bennett. 47 pp.

Record of the Life and Aims of John Council of Women for Home Missions, Hogg, D.D., Christian Missionary. By 600 Lexington Avenue, New York, Rena L. Hogg. Ilustrated, 12mo, 204 1914. pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., The Cathedral Church of All Saints, New York, 1914. Khartoum. 48 pp. A. D. Acland, 186 Herbert Stanley Jenkins, M.D., F.R.C.S., Strand, London, W.e., England, 1914.

Medical Missionary, Shensi, China. A Retrospect and Survey of Mission With some Notices of the Work of the Baptist Missionary Society in that Work of the Advent Christian De- Country. By Richard Glover, D.D., nomination. Collected and compiled by LL.D. Frontispiece, map,' 12mo, 154 George E. Tyler, Z. e. Beale, Maude M. pp. 2s., net. The Carey press, London, Chadsey. 96 pp. American Advent Mis- E.C., 1914. Lo, Michael! By Grace Livingston Hill sion Society, Boston, 1914. Lutz. Illustrated, 12mo, 369 pp. $1.25, Handbook of Foreign Missions of the net. J B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, United Presbyterian Church of N. A. for 1914. 112 pn. $1.00 per dozen, $5.00 1914. per 100 copies. C. R. Watson, 200 N. 15th The Ways of the South Sea Savage. By Street, Philadelphia, 1914.

Robert W. Vvilliamsoll. 8vo, 308 pp. The Chinese Review. April, 1914. Sub- 16s., net. Seeley Service & Co., Lon- scription, 14s. per year. The Chinese don, 1914. In Far New Guinea. A Stirring Kecord Review, 42 Hillfield Road, London, N. W., of Work and Observation Among the England.

People of New Guinea, with a Descrip- Findings of the Third Hunan Missionary tion of their Manners, Customs, and Conference, including an Account of Religions. By Henry Newton, B.A. Illustrated, demy 8vo. 16s., net. Seeley, the Conference. an Historical Sketch Service & Co. London, 1914. of Mission Work in Hunan, Statistics of The Coming and Kingdom of Christ. Re- port of the Proceedings of the Pro- Present Missionary Occupation, with Map and Missionary Directory. 48 pp. Hu- phetic Bible Conference, Moody Bible nan Continuation Committee, Hunan, Institute, February 24-27th. 252 pp. Changsha, 1913. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Colpor- tage Association, Chicago, 1914. The First Bulletin of the Federation of The Romance of Modern Missions. By Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Joseph Ritson. 315 pp. 2s. 6d., net. of the United States. March, 1914. Cen- tral Committee on the United Study of Hammond, London, 1913. Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. Sociological Progress in Mission Lands. Missionary Education and Church Effi- By Edward Warren Capen, D.D. 8vo. ciency. Report of the Missionary Edu- $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New cation Movement of the United States and Canada. December 1, 1912, to No- York, 1914. vember 30, 1913. By Harry Wade Hicks. Studies in the Religions of the East. By 38 pp. Missionary Education Movement, Alfred S. Geden. 904 pp. 12s. Kelly, London, 1913. 1914.

My Life Among the Eskimos. By Vil- Report of the Visit of the Corresponding hjalmur Stefansson. Illustrated, 438 pp. Secretary to Egypt and the Levant. 17s. Macmillan, London and New York, With a Discussion of the Missionary Sit- 1913. uation and its Problems. By Charles Roger Watson. Illustrated. pp. 87. Board By Nippon's Lotus Ponds. Pen Pictures of Real Japan. By Matthias Klein. Il- of Foreign Missions, 200 N. 15th St., lustrated, 12mo, 228 pp. $1.00, net. Flem- Philadelphia, Pa. ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.