The Missionary Review of the World — June 1914

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MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, JUNE, 1914 TWENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. According to Government reports, what is the economic value of Islam in Africa?

2. For what purpose had the coins in the Sheikh's bag been col- lected?

3· How did the men's secret society in Africa gain prestige? 4· How many physicians had prescribed for the sick Chinese before the missionary doctor was ca11ed in? What missionary prin- ciple does the story illustrate? 5· Why was the representative of the late President Madero sent to the Protestant convention in Mexico? 6. How do the tribes of the Belgian Kongo keep their historical records? 7· On what mission field has Christian cooperation been demon- 'strated in a new and striking way? 8. Where did the Roman Catholic Church in Zanzibar get its statue of the Virgin Mary? 9· How has the microscope furnished an argument for Sabbath observance? 10. At what scene of a massacre of Christians a few years ago is there now a demand for a Y. M. C. A.? II. That was the highest legal tender in Sierra Leone? 12. What parting advice did the Chinese official give to his son when placing him in the mission school? 13· How did the native pastor take the missionary's "dare"? 14· In one tribe of Indians, what has taken the place of the old- time war dance? IS· Thy has the number of Malagasy children in school greatly decreased in recent years? 16. In what university is there a movement now on foot for com- pulsory chapel as a result of an evangelistic campaign? 17· On what occasion were twenty-seven Baltimore pulpits occupied by business men? 18. Where is a $50,000 cathedral being built by a people whose laborers earn fifty cents a day? 19· What was the comment of the Buddhist visitor to the leper asylum in Tokyo? 20. How has Government action in ~hina helped the Sunday-school?

~.

SHEPARD

l:l issionary uf the Presbyterian Board in Syria; Author of "Christian Missions and Sociul Progress," and other volumes; Lecturer on liissions, and Acting Missionary Secretary

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, No.6 JUNE, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. 6 Old Series New Series Signs. of the Times oSTRIFE AND RELIGION IN MEXICO One of the most important factors NLY those who have lived in in the conflicts in all Latin-American Mexico can appreciate the evil countries is the religious question. state of the country and people. Conservatives vs. Radicals, Federal- One word explains much of the ists vs. Constitutionalists also divide moral, political, and physical distress along the line of Clericals ~'s. Libin which they are found-the word erals. ignorance. The vast majority of the Mexicans are ignorant of God, ig- On the clerical side are found the norant of Christian ideals, ignorant of land baron and the priest, who are the best method of civilized govern- interested in keeping the common ment, ignorant of the highest intel- people (peasants or peons) in a polectual culture. They have been gov- sition of subordination and ignorance. erned by a despotic hand; the Roman These religious and political autocrats Catholic Church has never taught fear that the exercise of the right of them to think for themselves, or to private judgment and higher education understand the highest truths; hon- will produce personal independence esty and morality have not been in- and a revolt from the dictation of culcated as rules of life;' the large despotism-religious and political. majority have been kept in poverty and subjection. For these reasons, On the other hand, the Liberals the Mexicans Can not appreciate the recognize that the deplorable conhigh motives that have actuated the dition of the country is due to lack American Government in refusing to of education, to the low condition of recognize a usurper like Huerta as the priesthood, and to the spirit of op- . president of our neighboring republic, pression and intolerance. Liberals nor can they understand any but often go to extremes in heaping ridia selfish reason for wishing to enter cule on the church, and in accusing upon or to avoid a war. all religions of being obsolete relics of a former age. Sometimes, how- ever, they favor Protestantism as the The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

force that may help them combat using their power against the Lib- their opponents, as when President eral Carranza par.ty. By persuading Madero sent a friend to the National the Federal authorities that the Convention of Protestant Workers, Protestants sympathize with their opto ask how the Government might ponents, they are able greatly to help the Protestant movement, and so harass Protestant missionaries. While combat the Clericals. The reason for the present struggle in Mexico is not the defeat of the Liberal candidates a religious war, it has a religious in state elections was the tenacious significance, and the outcome must opposition of the priests, and the influence the future of Christian progremedy suggested was the encourage- ress in that country. ment of Protestantism. Most of the missionaries and The missionaries of Mexico have other Americans have left the terristedfastiy endeavored to keep out of tory controlled by Huerta, but some politics, and have been well aware of still remain at their posts. It is earnthe dangers of accepting help from estly hoped that no war will be deany political party. For that reason clared between Mexico and the Uni- Mr. Madero's friend was told at the ted States. In spite of all affronts to convention that all Protestantism national dignity and injury to Ameriwanted from the Government was a can interests, it is the part of moral strict' enforcement of the Reform and physical strength to suffer much Laws-laws edited by Mexico's rather than to use that strength to greatest Liberal, Benito Juarez. cause suffering to others less favored. Protestant missionary work is con- Pray for peace founded on righteousstructive, not destructive; it is spiri- ness and Christian love. tual, not political. The greatest possible calamity would be for people to THE SOME RESULTS IN GUATEMALA regard Protestantism as akin to an republics of Central America anti-Catholic masonic order, or for are among the most difficult misthe missions to receive a great num- sion fields in the world. The people ber into the church with the idea of are so on pleasure bent, many are so augmenting the forces against Cleri- ignorant and poor, and have seen calism. such an unfavorable type of Chris- tianity, that they are indifferent. The present struggle is a continua- There are, however, signs of progtion of the same old conflict, with ress. Comparing the early days of new leaders, and the sympathy of the Presbyterian Mission in Guate- Protestantism naturally falls on the mala with the present, one of the side of those who are friendly to re- most noteworthy results is the deform and progress. The number of crease of fanaticism and opposition to Protestant officials in the Madero Protestants. More than half the Revolutionary army, and afterward population of Guatemala is made up in the Administration, was one of the of pure-blooded Indians, and the remost noticeable things in that move- sults of work among them, and in ment. The Roman Catholic priests, the hospital, the girls' school, and the however, are naturally on the side of mission press are most encouraging. the Huerta Government, and are

OF THE

The most striking results are in the est of the church, in proportion changed lives of the people and the to its need. improvement in the standards of morality. The old idea that a Chris- 3. Offerings presented as an act of tian belief has little or nothing to do worship each Lord's Day. with a Christian life is fading away. The saints have at last jumped out 4. These gifts secured by a perof their niches in the churches and sonal every-member canvass are sitting in the pews, listening, every year. singing, praying, and going out into the world to live holy lives. This is In preparation for this systematic the latest "miracle.'" An appeal for method, the "Budget Plan" has been prayer has been issued by the Guate- adopted, fixing the amount required malan Mission to the Presbyterian for the support of each Board and Church in the United States and ends agency of the church, and presenting with these words : "You have asked the needs as a whole and not as rival for results. God has given them. interests and responsibilities. In or- Here they are. Vhat is your decision der that these Budgets might be fixt about this ripening crop? Neglect by common consent, a joint Executive now will lose it." Commission was appointed, com- posed of the Moderator, two mem- A UNITED MOVEMENT bers of the Executive Commission, and three representatives of the nine MISSIO"NARY statesmanship is Boards of the church. As a result, each presbytery and synod has ap- increasingly evident in the con- pointed a special committee, and there duct of the missionary campaign. is a general united movement through- This does not mean less reliance upon out the entire church. A campaign the Spirit of God to produce results, of publicity has been conducted, manbut more diligent study of the situ- uals for leaders and other pamphlets ation and resources, and more earn- have been distributed, charts have est and consistent effort to use these been made, and other supplies have resources to best advantage. been furnished to make the campaign effective. The denominational press One of the features of the new has also cooperated, so that the atmissionary statesmanship is the plan tention of the church has been intelto distribute the responsibility over ligently and sympathetically directed the whole church, and to enlist every toward the Every-Member Canvass. member in the support of the work. Business and religion have combined Last year the General Assembly of to make the plan a success. The the Presbyterian Church" adopted a Christian duty and privileges have program for an "every-member can- been emphasized, as well as the finanvass" in each church throughout the cial responsibility, and the whole denomination. This includes: campaign has assumed an educational aspect. The aim has been to lead I. An offering from every mem- every church-member, old and young, ber according to his or her abil- first to look on the whole field, then ity. to examine personal resources and 2. Gifts distributed to every inter-

ability, and then to look to God for opiufn, which has done to inj ure the guidance as to debt and duty and Chinese what whisky has done for God-given opportunity. 10 effort has other races. The fight is also on in been made to bring pressure to bear Cermany and Russia against intoxiupon individuals or on churches to cants, and from the Canadian provmeet required apportionmcnts. The ince of Ontario comes the word that appeal has been made to their intel- thousands of the younger members ligent cooperation and their spirit of of the Conservative party· are signlove and loyalty to Christ. ing petitions addrest to the provin- cial government asking for the aboli- The results of this method, bo1.h tion of all saloons and bar licenses. financial and spiritual, are already The agitation is being carried on by evident. One church. of about five the Ontario Young Manhood Assohundred members that substituted the ciation, an organization formed last every-member plan for pew rents ten fall with the brief but sufficient sloyears ago reports that the current ex- gan; "::0 booze." pense receipts have doubled, and recently the introduction of weekly In America the growth of the propledges for benevolences has 11- hibition movement can, perhaps, best creased the gifts 500 per cent. An- be realized in the statement that alother church in Illinois adopted the ready 47,000,000 live in territory every-member canvass with the result from yhich liquor has been banished that gifts to benevolences were multi- by the sovereign will of the people. plied by three, and the receipts for The action of Secretary Daniels in local expenses were doubled. banishing strong drink from the "offi- cers' rness" in the ~avy, and the effort all Similar reports have come from of the Commissioner of Indian Af- fairs to protect the Red .Man from churches over the country. The whisky, indicate the growing sentiment plan is evidently of God. He places in official circles. The Christian Enno premium on slipshod methods, but deavor Societies have announced as caUs on His disciples to use the best their slogan, "A Saloonless N atioll that they have in talents, in judg- by 1920." Tremendous opposition is at ment, and in energy, to advance His work, but the liquor interests are find- Kingdom. ing out that the whole Church is be- comiag· increasingly aroused to the THE FIGHT AGAINST ALCOHOL evils of the drink traffic, ancl that even big business is lending a hand 'T' HIS is aCnrdra~vntsof worId-move- in the enterprise of banishing the of thought saloon from Christian lands. 1 ments. BYTHE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY sweep from one nation to another, degrees the Turks are beginning to understand the meaning of the and the whole world, as n.:ver before, new national ideals. The lesson has been costly, and while they have been seems to think as one. The efforts learning a large part of their earthly for constitutional government in vari- ous countries, and the woman's movement are one sign of this, but nothing is 1110re striking than the stand that is being made against alco- hol, a tendency which, in China, takes the form of a struggle against

possessions have been taken from themselves believed to be divine. them. The Young Turks are III con- But with the cry of "Back to Motrol of the GoYernment, and a new hammed" and "Back to the Koran," parliament has recently assembled. so often heard among young Mo- An effort is being made to bring or- hammedan reformers, there is a der out of chaos, ana to bind the dif- growing tendency to make the sacred ferent parts of the Empire together book accessible to the multitudes of by railroads, commerce, education, JIoslems to 'Wh0111 Arabic is an unand other improvements. known tongue. Of this Ahmed Effendi Aghaieff writes in the]cunc-Turc: There are vast and astonishing changes noticeable in the past ten "vVe must show the people that it years-especially in f r e e d 0 m of is possible to reach at once the speech and travel. The danger is authcntic foundations of our rethat men may swing to the extreme ligion. First in rank of these is the of license. Rulers and judges are Koran. Till now the ordinary Turk questioned and criticized by the most read this, committed it to memory, ignorant, and in some districts, as in said his prayers and had his C0111- Bitlis, there has been anarchy and re- 1l1l1nion with God, absolutely without volt. Vith the lessening of race understanding the sense and content prej udice there is also a weakening of of what he read or prayed. Naturreligious conviction and a seculariza- ally his readings and prayers made tion of life. This is a transition pe- no such impression on his heart and riod for Turkey, and the need for soul as "'e should expect from the positive Christian teaching can not be reading of a holy book and the recitoverestimated. ing of a prayer. Reading and prayer were both mechanical; here was one The people of Turkey are at last of the principal causes of the imawakening to their needs and are potence of religion as an educational crowding forward to receive an edu- force, and this obstacle must be recation. The mission schools and col- moved." leges are full to overflowing. Anatolia College, for instance, has It is this thought of the need of doubled in enrolment in the last five the people for a Sacred Book in the years, and Turks are coming in in- yernacular that has led to the transcreasing numbers. Their religion lation of the Koran into Turkish. will, no doubt, be the last citadel that the Turks will yield to Christianity, It was found, however, that the but there are signs that even this is translation of the Koran created weakening. The forms and fables of skepticism among Turks, as readers Islam and of Oriental Christianity discovered so many incongruities and. must finally yield to the Ii fe and falsehoods that they questioned its truth of the Son of God. inspiration. As a result the Ottoman Government has seen best to stop IPOPULAR EDITION OF THE KORAN this enterprise and has ordered all N the eyes of orthodox ::Ioslems copies of the parts so far issued COI1- any translation of the Kor3.n is {]scatcd and destroyed. sacrilege, for the Arabic words art: The Turk is being disillusioned rapidly, and the time is coming when

he will see himself in the true light. means great sacrifice and princely Meanwhile the Scriptures have been giving. The chiefs have undertaken circulated far and wide among all to give 40 per cent. of their rents classes of people in the empire, and for three years. many Turks are reading the Bible. vVhen religious freedom becomes a Could not the Church at home reality, many will no doubt come out learn much from the dark-skinned and confess Jesus Christ as Savior Baganda? and Lord. THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN MOVING CHRISTWARD IN UGANDA T JAPAN MASS movements toward Chris- HE evangelistic movements start- tianity are reported by Bishop ed and carried through by the churches and missions in Japan have Willis to be going on at four or five often resulted in large accessions of different centers in Uganda. At converts. But these have been local, Kavirondo, in British East Africa, of short duration, and have been unthere are 500 catechumens preparing dertaken generally by one denominafor baptism, and 3,000 under regular tion. On March 1st, however, an instruction. The Roman Catholics evangelistic movement was inaugurahad said that one might as well try ted to reach all parts of Japan, and to convert a sheep as get hold of a to continue for three years. All the Kavirondo ! There are now about churches, with few exceptions, and 200,000 Baganda connected with the nearly all the missions in Japan will Church of England missions. The participate. The objects of this evantotal popUlation is 3,700,000. gelistic campaign are to bring about a deeper and more practical experi- Where 25 years ago there was one ence of the life of Christ in the inchurch in Uganda, there are now dividual, resulting in more earnest .over 1,200. Some 2,800 African efforts to lead others to the Savior, Christians, supported by the native and a more widespread presentation Church, are engaged in the pastoral of the gospel to the whole nonand educational and evangelistic work Christian community. in the diocese. Forty have been ordained and are ably taking charge In the work of evangelization two of thousands of. African adherents, groups of workers are organized, communicants, and scholars. In composed of preachers and laymen. Christian-giving the Uganda Church The sum of 50,000 yen ($25,000) is has been wisely trained. They sup- to be raised from among Japanese port their own clergy and catechists; and foreign friends by the Continuapay for their own elementary educa- tion Committee of Japan. Dr. John tion, build their own schools and R. Mott has repeatedly exprest his churches, helped only by occasional personal conviction that Japan is as gifts from the home Church. Toward ripe to-day for such an effort as at the building of their new cathedral any period in her history. Let Christhey have undertaken to raise $50,000. tians everywhere remember to pray The daily wage of a laborer is about daily for this great interdenominafive cents, so that the undertaking tional, inter-racial forward movement in Japan.

A MOHAMMEDAN RELIGIOUS ORDER OF WEST AFRICAN NEGROES IN FREETOWN

A Moor from Fez. Morocco. is seated in the center of the front row Mohamnledanism in West Africa * BY REV. RAYMOND P. DOUGHERTY, SIERRA LEONE, WEST AFRICA Principal of Albert Academy, Freetown, Sierra Leone III ISLAM was first ship of Mohammed, thirteen cen- pre a c h e d by the turies ago founded a mighty religious Prophet of Arabia a empire, now numbering at least two little over six hundred hundred million adherents. years after the birth of Christ. The Koran, Africa, on account of its proximity written in classical Arabic, is its sa- to the Arabian peninSUla, soon felt cred book, and its fundamental the influence of this new faith. The creed proclaims the unity of God and followers of Mohammed rapidly con- the apostleship of Mohammed. quered North Africa, and then Prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pil- crossed over into Spain, where Moorgrimage to Mecca are the cardinal ish civilization flourished undisturbed duties imposed upon those who ac- for five centuries. This flow of Moscept Mohammedanism; but slavery, lem advance into Europe was due to concubinage, polygamy, and divorce the geographical barriers of the inin their worst forms are allowed. terior of Africa. For a long time Islam, in reality, is a mixture of the utmost limit of Islam in ;Vest Arab heathenism with certain Jewish Africa was Morocco. and Christian elements. Such a compromise was suited to the tribes In the central portion of the West of the desert, who, under the leader- African coast is the Guinea district, a tropical region facing the sea for over 3,500 miles, from eleven degrees • The writer is indebted to Rev. J. A. Me.nard, agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, for valuable infoQllation used in this artide.-R. P. D.

north latitude to sixteen degrees rivers. Islam owes its early expan- south latitude. Upper Guinea, lying sion south of the Sahara to several north of the equator and almost great and aggressive Sud an e s e parallel with it, is ,made up of those peoples. Powerful ?1a~dingo, Hausa, districts formerly known as grain and Fulah kingdoms were established.

coast, ivory coast, gold coast, slave In the main the religion of Mecca coast, and brass coast, but to-day was extended forcibly rather than marked on the map as British, peaceably, for Islam enjoins wars of French, German, and Portuguese de- subjugation or extermination against pendencies. The only exception is unbelievers. On this account there Liberia, an independent negro re- were at times strong reactions of public of American origin. The most heathenism against }Iohammeclanism.

wonderful physical feature of this The Bambara tribe, for instance, whole region is the mighty Niger driven by Mohammedan inroads, River, which rises in the uplands just founded a heathen kingdom which rt- northeast of Sierra Leone, flows to sisted Moslem aggression for three the edge of the Sahara desert, and hundred years. But the prepon- then descends, with many a majestic derating influence of Islam in the curve, to. the Atlantic Ocean. Sudan gradually pushed its emis- Upper Guinea is bounded on the saries farther southward, until they north by the Sudan, beyond which finally reached the tribes along the stretches the Sahara desert, and on the Atlantic coast. Here they are now south by the Atlantic Ocean. There carrying on an active propagal;lda.

are thus two main avenues of ap- On the other hand, it was not un- proach to this portion of West Afri- til the middle of the fifteenth cen- ca-the surging waves which lave its tury that European mariners became shores and the burning sands which bold enough to traverse the ocean lie beyond its hinterland. To the route to 11est Africa. Their ex- ancients, the ocean was an untried plorations led to the establishment of passageway and the desert an 1m- Portuguese, French, British, and passable barrier. German trading centers, which ulti- It is practically within the con- mately developed into colonies. The fines of Upper Guin~a that Islam is first Christian missionaries in West at present most rapidly extending its Africa were Portuguese Jesuits, and A frican domain. Mohammedanism during the latter part of the fifteenth, has penetrated Central and Southern the whole of the sixteenth, and the Africa, but has thus far made no ap- beginning of the seventeenth cel1- preciable impression upon that part ~ turies they alone sought the conver- of Vest Africa which is south of the sion of Africans. To-day, no re- equator. sults of their labors can be found.

At the close of the tenth century a Modern Christian missions in 'vVest drift of population began from North Africa date from the beginning of the Africa toward the Sudan, and as a nineteenth century, when the Protes- result Moslem caravans wended their tant Christians of England and way across the desert to the tribes America awoke to their great oppor- dwelling along the Senegal and Niger tunity. The past one hundred years

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA 40C

have been noteworthy for increasing that of the Isthmus of Panama.

effectiveness in bringing the Bible and Freetown, the capital, is located its blessings to many .negro tribes. where the broad mouth of the Sierra To-day, as never before, Islam is Leone River joins the ocean, at the Christianity's great rival in West Af- base of rugged, verdant mountains.

rica. The struggle between these two It was founded in 1787 as a home for faiths for the spiritual domination of England's freed slaves, and has Africa's backward peoples is at once grown from a small trading center to stupendous and momentous. We see a busy metropolis containing about that the initial step toward this con- 40,000 inhabitants, largely made up of flict was the arrival of Moslems from the descendants of liberated Africans North Africa. Borne on the ships of and native tribes. The passenger on the desert, they appeared as messen- a modernly equipped steamer gliding gers from afar. Islam immediately majestically into the harbor views a took possession of what was later to densely built city, surrounded with be a mighty battleground between the intense tropical beauty. The old followers of the Crescent and the colonial fort forms the foundation of heralds of the Cross. Mohammedans the governor's residence. A railway advanced their cause by a vigorous takes its start at a pretentious depot, military program, and a gradual fil- and wends its way far into the in- tering penetration southward. This terior.

process lasted for centuries, .and when In this wide territory of the Sierra the first Christian missionaries ar- Leone Protectorate the past has wit- rived on the ships of the sea, they nessed a movement of tribes from the found not only Islamized Africans northeast toward the Atlantic coast.

but an Africanized Islam. The roots Doubtless the expansion of popUla- of this reI i g ion have now so tion in the Sudan had something to thoroughly ramified West Africa that do with this. Another determining the tree of Islam, tho not indigenous, factor was the supply of salt. Peoples has become fully adapted to its new dwelling along the Niger obtained salt surroundings. The application of the from the deposits in the Sahara, one ax of Christianity to this tree is of the main contributors to Timbttc- proving one of the most difficult tu's greatness being its trade in the tasks of evangelization. salt bars of Taudeni. As tribes were I.lam in Sierra Leone prest southward by economic and poli- tical conditions, they found salt more The British colony and protectorate difficult to obtain. News of a place of Sierra Leone present typical con- where salt might be freely obtained ditions for the study of Islam in from water caused a more vigorous West Africa. The colony has an movement toward the sea. Possibly area of approximately 250 square some of the small tribes along the miles, with a population of 75,500, coast of Sierra Leone owe their while the protectorate has an area of dwindling condition to this pressure 25,000 square miles, with a popula- from the interior.

tion of 1,325,000. The latitude of The tribes now residing in the pro- Sierra Leone is about the same as tectorate of Sierra Leone may, there-

for~, be divided into two classes, fore the modern period of pacificanamely, native tribes and invading tion, tribes fought with one another tribes. There are six native tribes, for slaves, as men in other lands numbering 650,000. These are 90 have fought for gold. At times, too, to 100 per cent. pagan. Not one of a Moslem Mahdi reared his standard them is more than IO per cent. Mo- for the advancement of Islam, and hammedan. There are eight large Sierra Leone felt the impress of some and several less important invading of these fanatical warriors. tribes which, in part, are strictly Mo- hammedan. Wit h a numerical The strength of Islam in the pro- strength of 675,000, they slightly out- tectorate of Sierra Leone must not be number the native tribes. According reckoned from a mere numerical to approximate figures taken from re- viewpoint. Few of the third-of-a- cent government estimates, the people million Mohammedans well scattered of the protectorate of Sierra Leone throughout the territory can read or are three-fourths pagan, and one- understand the Koran. It is enough fourth Mohammedan. In round num- to pronounce a few prayers in Ara-. bers there are I,OOO,OOO pagans and bic, for God, they think, will recog- 3oo,oQo Mohammedans. A few tribes nize and answer petitions, even if are from I to 2 per cent. Christian. they are unintelligible to the petition- ers. This gives some clue as to the That which is of most significance actual hold of Islam upon the inner is the fact that the present status of life of the peoples of West Africa. Islam among Sierra Leone tribes is due to the gradual invasion of The writer, while taking a journey peoples already strongly Mohamme- through the protectorate of Sierra dan rather than to the extensive con- Leone, came to a small town close to version of the old aboriginal tribes. a river. Here he found a mosque, built This invasion was accompanied by the of hardened mud walls, with a grass clash of savage warfare and the en- roof, and standing a little aside from slavement of vanquished communities, the other huts. Entrance being gained for, in the primitive economic sys- after the removal of shoes, he found tem of the time, slaves comprised the inside a plain earthen fioor, marked most valuable asset of those in power. by slight parallel grooves several feet The monetary table of the jungle apart. Animal skins were spread could be stated as follows: So many here and there, and at the front of sea-shells or similar insignificant ob- the room was a vestibule-like pulpit. jects equal a chicken; so many chick- There was a small separate room for ens equal a goat or sheep; so many female worshipers. The simplicity of goats or sheep equal a cow; so many this crude Moslem temple in the cows equal a slave. The slave was heart of an African forest is not to the highest legal tender, and he was be derided, but the sterility of its a medium of exchange that could be ritual can not be ignored. When the easily transformed into work. The muezzin sends his piercing call to intrinsic value of slaves jumped con- prayer echoing loudly through the siderably when the markets of the forest village, the faithful leave their world were opened to them. So, be- primitive homes and enter the mosque to bow down to a Supreme Being of

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA

whom they have only the barest con- tises of Islam. Comparatively few ception, to utter prayers which are are ignorant of the fact that there is s imp I y articulations, and to go such a religion as Mohammedanism. through postures which are mere for- Arabic expressions like "Peace be malities. Prayers are recited not only unto you" and "In the name of Alin the mosques, but many strict Mo- lah" are in common usage, and many hammedans construct prayer-grounds who still retain their heathen beliefs outside their dwellings. The earth is have some conception of the Moslem leveled and bordered with stones. creed. Thousands of people in Sierra A MOSLEM SCHOOL IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA Often it is possible to see Moslem Leone could immediately become Mobelievers with knees upon well-worn hammedans, in the African sense, if animal skins praying in these public they so desired. Were Christianity as places. One can not but admire this well known in Sierra Leone as Islam, devotion and at the same' .time regret the people would be practically evanthat it is displayed in behalf of a gelized, tho not Christianized. Why faith that has done so little to uplift has not Islam, with its low standards, the human race. gathered all these pagans within its fold long ago? Possibly their natural Another phase of the situation must apathy to change in religious beliefs be taken into account. While a mil- keeps them from taking the step from lion people in Sierra Leone are paganism to Mohammedanism, tho counted as pagans, they, for the most it is but a step. Maybe, with a keener part, know of the claims and prac-

insight than is usually credited them, are written upon pieces of paper to they realize that Islam offers little be carried about or fastened to the more than they already have. walls of houses; others are sewed ill small square encasements of leather Nevertheless, the entire conversion to be worn on different parts of the of Sierra Leone to Islam is a goal body. Their purpose is to ward off which Mohammedans are striving to sickness, evil, and danger. A comreach, but they must have recourse to mon remedy for diseases already new tactics. The day of forceful ex- existing is prepared by writing a few pansion is past; inter-tribal warfare is Arabic sentences upon a smooth quickly quelled; the slave trade has board. The inscription is carefully been abolished; England's s t ron g washed off, and the resulting liquid hand has produced a condition of is sold as medicine. A piece of moist peace and quiet government; so that cotton used in erasing the writing is Islam is restricted to persuasive regarded as especially efficacious. In rather than coercive methods in the this manner the Mohammedan mispropagation of its faith. sionary, or Mori man, as he is styled by the natives, appeals to the super- Moslem Missionaries stitious fears of the people, and at the same time gains a livelihood. It is hard to know how many active emissaries of Islam are laboring in After he has established his repu- Sierra Leone, for they receive neither tation as a man of superior knowlauthority nor support from any Mos- edge, he starts a school by gathering lem missionary organizations. The boys of various ages about him in his procedure of a Mohammedan mis- house or yard, where he teaches them sionary is generally as follows: With a superficial knowledge of Arabic. turbaned brow, flowing gown, and He makes his own books by writing sandaled feet he enters an African the lessons upon smooth boards with community, where his dignified garb a reed pen dipt in ink, which can be and superior bearing at once create a washed out when one lesson must be deep impression. If he belongs to an replaced by another. The only thing alien tribe, such as Fulah or Man- required of scholars is mastery in dingo, still his dark color shows that pronunciation and intonation. The he is affiliated with the negro race. Arabic alphabet is first learned, then By physical constitution and kmg cus- combinations of letters, and, finally, tom he is capable of adapting himself portions of the Koran. Even the to the most primitive conditions, and most advanced students pay attenhe possesses the great advantage of tion to forms and sounds rather than understanding the black man's lan- to meanings. One of these Moslem guage, mode of thought, and manner teachers informed me that it was of life. necessary for a student of the Koran to be able to recite the whole of it His first step toward gaining an in- from beginning to end before he fluence over the people is by making would be taught the meaning of a sinand selling cabalistic charms, fetish- gle portion. As few Africans get like amulets. and magical remedies. beyond the utterance of several Ara- These generally consist of Arabic formulas taken from the Koran. Some

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST

bie prayers, it is easy to see that Mo- the fonowers of Mohammed are in- hammedans who understand their creasing III countries like Sierra own religion are limited in number. Leone.

The making of so-called preventivt: The Requirements of "lam and curative charms seems to be re- But what does Islam require of its garded a greater accomplishment than African converts? Very mea g e r ability to interpret the 'Koran. This changes take place in the transition reveals Islam's point of emphasis in from heathenism to Mohammedanism.

West Africa. Old practises are allowed, while a few Next, the Mohammedan missionary new ones are imposed. The first step links himself with local families by of a pagan toward the faith of Mecca ties of marriage. As his -wives in- is the wearing of Moslem charms, crease in number his wealth and tho the acceptance of Arabic amulets prominence are enlarged. He be- does not necessarily imply the cast- comes a fixture in the community, ing away of heathen fetishes. The and contributes to the growth 01 second step is the observance of cer- Islam by begetting many children. tain festivals, which appeal to the Af- Sooner or later he assumes political rican's love of feasting and dancing.

leadership, and takes a hand in tribal The third and most rigorous step in- matters. Sly intrigue and dark plots cludes regularity in prayers, keeping are sometimes resorted to for the sake the fast, and abstaining from pork of gaining control of affairs. A Mo- and alcohol, first openly, then en- hammedan's supreme aim in a town tirely. Here there is a strong appeal is to become the chief's intimate ad- to the African's inherent tendency to- vis~r, for, by holding a chief sub- ward formal ceremonies and the re- servient to his wishes, he can rule a cognition of certain things as taboo.

whole chiefdom. Islam's sway over Many Africans are little beyond the the land is largely strengthened by first two steps, being dilatory with re- chiefs who have become Moslems. gard to praying, fasting, and abstain- Of course, the Mohammedan mis- ing from alcohol.

sionary is assiduous in the perform- Thus Islam does not subvert ance of his religious duties. He re- heathenism in West Africa, but uses peats his prayers ·regularly and pub- it as ~ foundation for its own relig- licly, never omitting the necessary ab- ious structure. The African need lutions. The fast of Ramadan is not drop any of the distinctive habits kept with 'all rigor, and in some cases and customs of his animistic cult in the pilgrimage is made to Mecca. In order to become a Moslem. Polyga- his social intercourse with the people my, witchcraft, slavery, and even can- he takes occasion to speak of his re- nibalism, may be indulged in as be- ligion, so that, while he makes no ef- fore. In reality, the negro puts on fort to preach Islam in a systematic the gown of Islam not to get rid of way, his example and personal work his evil practises, nor even to hide count for much. All these acts are them, but rather to dignify them, if capable of producing a profound im- possible.

pression upon the African's untutored In the small colony of Sierra Leone mind. It is not surprizing, then, that on the coast we find more startling

A STONE MOSQUE IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA statIstics at hand concerning the traders, artisans, and clerks from the growth and influence of Islam. The colony into the interior, and at the following percentages are computed same time caused an accelerated flow from accurate government censuses: of Mohammedans and pagans from the protectorate to Freetown, where. Total population 1881 1911 there is a great demand for ordinary Christians 60,500 75,500 manual labor. Attractive positions Mohammedans and commercial opportunities have Pagans 650/0 520/0 drawn many educated Christians 90/0 150/0 from Sierra Leone to other West Af- 260/0 330/0 rican colonies, while hundreds of Syriapo uriven from French Guinea During this period of thirty years by heavy taxation, have, during the Christians have little more than held last ten years, added to the Mohamtheir own in numbers, while Moham- medan population of Freetown and medans have increased more than 100 its environs. per cent., and pagans more than 50 per cent. The combined gain of Mo- Still, these mitigating circumstances hammedans and pagans was nearly do not change the rapidly growing 15,000, which equals the total growth Moslem element which must be faced of population in thirty years. in the colony of Sierra Leone. Free- town has five well-built mosques and Several facts must be given in ex- five Mohammedan schools, the latter planation of these figures. The estab- under direct government support and lishment of the railway fifteen years supervision. Aside from these govago and the subsequent development of the protectorate produced an emigration of nearly 3,000 Christian

ernment schools, in which Arabicedu- is growing more rapidly in centers cation is supplemented by English along the west coast of Africa than studies, there are many ordinary Mo- in interior districts. Another striking hammedan schools conducted as in illustration of this is Lagos, the capi- the protectorate. Inasmuch as there tal and main seaport of Nigeria, are no Christian schools supported where Mohammedans increased 60 entirely by the Government, Islam in per cent. in ten years. There is, a sense receives an official aid and however, a marked decrease in the sanction. This is naturally produc- ratio of Moslem population as we tive of a social standing and political proceed along the continent from assurance which are enhanced by Senegal to the equator. growing numbers. Mohammedan re- ligious orders, or brotherhoods, are Official statements are not wanting well organized in the city of Free- concerning the growth and economic , town. Arabs and Moors occasionally value of Islam in West Africa. Of visit the colony, and sometimes re- particular interest are the following main fo~ long periods. A Sheikh words of the Governor-General of from Mecca recently spent several French West Africa: "It is difficult weeks in Freetown. These intimate to determine whether Islam, as a ruie, relations with the central Moslem is in a state of growth. One notices world can not help arousing Moham- in certain respects a sensible regres- medan enthusiasm and aggression. sion, due to the suppression of sla- very, in the valley of the Niger, for It seems generally true that Islam example. On the other hand, one A HUT-LIKE MOSQUE IN THE INTERIOR OF SIERRA LEONE PROTECTORATE

notices in other countries a certain Dr. Frederick Starr, professor of development of Islam due to the work Anthropology in Chicago University, of Mohammedan priests and to the who has traveled in several West negro's spirit of imitation." African countries, testifies to the fact that he never saw a Mohammedan The Sierra Leone Government Cen- town that was better than a pagan sus Report says: "Mohammedanism town, and that the apparent su- is making steady progress in this col- periority of certain tribes which have ony, and the same feature is evident embraced Islam is due to racial in the protectorate also, and the rea- qualities rather 'than to the religion sons for this progress are not hard to adopted. seek, viz.: Mohammedanism recog- nizes polygamy and is, therefore, con- These few testimonies are sufficient genial to the aboriginal natives' own to indicate the worthlessness of marriage customs, and a convert to Islam as an uplifting force in West the religion is not thereby alienated Africa. It is proving a hindrance' from his tribal life." rather than a help to the enlighten- ment of the people. Whatever adapt- The economic value of Islam is ability it has to the primitive tribes clearly set forth by the Lieutenant- of the Dark Continent springs from Governor of French Dahomey, as fol- its appeal to their heathen beliefs and lows: "The Mohammedans of Da- practises. Instead of being a preparhomey do not give themselves to the atory step to a higher civilization, it cultivation of the soil. Islam has not produces a more stubborn resistance introduced any new industry. It is to to the gospel and its benefits. His- be noted, however, that Mohammedans tory reveals that Islam has brought give themselves to the work of dye- about a retrograde condition in those ing with indigo and other vegetable countries where it has prevailed the colors indigenous in the regions of the longest. Thus Arabia, before it came north, but this industry already ex- under the sway of Mohammedanism, isted before their coming. Where was far more populous and prosperthey settle they build, after the man- ous than it is now. ner of the occupying race, without any modification of architecture. Mo- Christianity's great task is to save hammedans give themselves mainly to Africa from the fate of Arabia. This the selling of imported European can best be done by appealing directly wares. They do not contribute to to the humanity of the people through the development of natural resources." medical and industrial work, by mak- ing use of their susceptibility to train- With respect to the sanitary pre- ing and education, and, above all, by vention of disease, an official report building the structure of Christian from the German colony of Togo life and progress upon the foundationstates: "The pagan trusts in the stone of their inherent religious sense. power of his fetish to prevent sick- Going forward with all these agencies ness and epidemic, while the Moham- under the guidance of the Holy medan seeks to keep them away Spirit, the soldiers of the Cross can through his amulet, furnished by an rest assured that ultimate victory will Imam or Malam. The one helps as be theirs. little as the other."

A United Front In Mission

A PLEA FOR UNITY AND COOPERATION IN. BEHALF OF THE WORLD'S EVANGELIZATION* BY REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society NE of the most glorious we of the West should be ashamed to present the holy Church of Christ IOl developments of the to the Chinese as broken." It is foreign field is the in- natural that under such conditions as creasing desire among these the Chinese should express both foreign mission- some restlessness. Let us imagine aries and native Chris- ourselves members of that great race. tians for a larger measure of Chris- If we were Chinese, living in China, tian unity and practical cooperation. how should we like to be known as In spite of our different names, we members of the Northern Baptist Christians are one in hrotherhood, Church of America in China, or of one in discipleship to a common the Dutch Ref 0 r m e d Church of Master, and one in a desire that we America in China, or of the Scotch shall not present our Lord to the Presbyterian, or the Canadian Methnon-Christian world as a divided odist, or the German Lutheran? Is Christ. it fair to require the non-Christian world to find its way to Jesus Christ In Fehruary, 1913, in a conference through the history of our schisms, which I attended at Canton, China, a many of which were occasioned by robust medical missionary stood and civil strife or political developments said: HI plead for a united front. or theological controversies, or some- Recently I was the twelfth physician thtng else in which the Chinese and sent for by a Chinese who was ill, the others are not concerned? eleven others being native doctors. Each doctor had given the sick man a Who is responsible? Of course, different prescription, and he did not the other denomination is always reknow which to take. I make a plea sponsible; I am perfectly willing to for a united front." Having made have unity, and I pray that the other his point, he sat down. A Chinese people may see the truth-the truth pastor stood up and said: "In my as God has given it to me! Some city there are five different transla- weeks ago it was reported that a tions of the Bible, and the differences gentleman from America approached make a great deal of trouble." He, a representative of the Greek Church. too, had made his point in a brief The representative of that ancient word. A veteran missionary arose body said simply: "It is necessary to be and said: "The Church is the mani- Orthodox; we are Orthodox, and festation of Christ among men, and • An address delivered at the Seventh International Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, on January 3, 1914.

there is nothing for others to do but near the stern of the vessel, and the to become Orthodox also." Unfor- beam of light across the water from tunately, that is the attitude of more the rising moon fell full at my feet.

than one body. Nor is such an at- The liner dashed on, but the path of titude unnatural. All denominations light continued to fall at my feet. I can justify their existence, and in moved forward, but the ribbon of good conscience. Their distinctive clearest illumination followed me.

views are precious to them, and the Had experience not taught me other- larger bodies, however ancient or suc- wise, I might have believed that I, cessful, have no right to demand that more than others on the ship, enjoyed the smaller denominations surrender the brighter light. But, no! Every their convictions on any point. At passenger on the Lusitania that night the Canton Conference one of the found lying over the sea a path of best-known missionaries in China especial brightness for himself and said: "Noone of us believes that any for those who stood with him, and church has been founded through every passenger on every ship on the perversity. No one denomination has broad Atlantic that night had the all the truth, but the little we hold in same experience at the same moment, our denomination is so precious we if only he kept his face toward the are tempted to think we have it all. light. Truth from God reaches every Our valuable doctrines and forms we heart that seeks Him, for "He that should consider as entrusted to us, seeketh findeth," and God hath not and we must be faithful to them, but left Himself without witness among there is grave danger that we shall any people. He is the light that hold as fundamental that which is not lighteth every man that cometh into fundamental. " the world.

Not long ago I journeyed through The cry for to-day is not for com- Chicago in the early evening, and as promise, but for a larger comprehen- I walked east on Madison Street the sion-to comprehend with all saints full moon was rising out of Lake what is the breadth and length and Michigan, directly ahead at the end height and depth of the love of God.

of my path. Had experience not It is not, what shall I give up, but taught me otherwise, I might have rather, what can I giver It is not, thought that I and those who walked what shall I lose, but what may I in my way enjoyed more than others contribute? It is not, what shall I in Chicago the direct light upon our surrender, but what shall I gain in path. I walked to Van Buren Street, an interpretation and understanding then to Randolph Street, and next to of Christ? There is no widespread Jackson Street. The moon appeared demand to-day for uniformity of to be rising directly at the head of statement or uniformity of outward each street, and to the pedestrians on life, nor are these things desirable at each of these thoroughfares it seemed present. But multitudes on the fields- that from no other street could the native Christians and foreign mis- moon be seen so clearly. A month sionaries-are begging with no uncer- later I raced across the Atlantic on a tain sound for unity and cooperation.

fast liner. One night I stood alone The people who are talking about

compromise are usually the critics to impose on the Oriental mind a sys- who know not what they say. Go tem of theology which has been coninto the innermost circles of the structed or approved by the Anglomovement for cooperation and you Saxon, and which, therefore, we find the strongest insistence that the think more inspired than the interpredenominations be loyal to the truth tations of the Orientals? Are we as God has given it to them. There there to impose on them our own is no demand for a minimum of be- theoretical theology? Or are we lief, but for a maximum; no demand there to give them Christ and let that we reduce our theology to the Christ speak to their souls? Are we lowest common denominator, but that there chiefly for the purpose of buildwe speak the whole truth in love. We ing up our own denomination, or need not use a club to remove a have we reached the point where we speck of dust from a brother's eye- see that it is true for a denomination brow. If God has given me some as well as for an individual that he truth that he has not given to others, who saveth his life shall lose it, but I am not to surrender what I have, he that loseth his life for the Kingbut to contribute what I can, and dom of God shall find it? I say perhaps gain more. Unity of spirit without any hesitation that so far as must come through a greater appre- I can see, the denominations which ciation of the oneness of our task and are rendering the most disinterested a better understanding of each other service are those that serve only for and our differences. It is not for the joy of having served; they are outward uniformity but for a larger those that give all, asking nothing in appreciation of our unity of purpose return save the joy of having given. that we ask. God has not made Build hospitals to get members for flowers and trees uniform, but there our churches? God forbid! Schools is harmony. Rooted in the same soil for the sake of sectarian propaganand warmed by the same sun, there da? No! Schools to promulgate are petals and leaves and boughs of our views of Christ? Yes, but somemany colors and many forms, but thing better-to give Christ. none clashes with the other-there is harmony. In their diversity they When we are honest with ourselves speak of unity of life. All are affect- we recognize that in every commued by the common tide of an ex- nion are thousands of men whose panding life in the springtime. lives have been regenerated through the Gospel as taught by these differ- Cooperation becomes easily possi- ent denominations. Likewise, on the ble when we reach general agree- foreign field we find multitudes who ment as to the purpose of our for- have become new men in Christ, eign mission work. Unity is general some through the work of one body agreement, and already there is gen- and some through the work of aneral agreement among most denomi- other body of Christians. The need is nations as to their purpose. not for uniformity. There is a demand that we who are agreed on Are we in the non-Christian lands Christ as the Savior of men present primarily to make converts to our such a solid front to the non-Chrisown particular faith? Are we there

tian world that men will see the point as willing as men at the front to die of agreement, Jesus Christ, rather for the principle of cooperation~a than the differences of interpretation cooperation which means united ef- that may obscure Him on whom we fort to save the world in spite of our agree and to whom they must look differences-a cooperation in which for life. each disciple wilI teach the truth as So we plead not that we sink our he sees it, without compromise and differences, but that we contribute without surrender to any conviction.

our various interpretations of Christ If you insist that such cooperation is to a greater Christian synthesis, and impossible, I reply that I have seen that we show the non-Christian world it. I have seen it with loyalty to dis- that the greatest thing in our particu- tinctive doctrines. But it was a lar belief is not our difference from loyalty tempered with humility and the others, but our agreement with love–not a loyalty sharpened by ar- them. Our great concern is that they rogance.

may have Christ, and that they have Many in the home lands are com- the right to come to Him direct ing to feel that God is working His rather than through any particular purpose out on the foreign fields, tho denomination. Weare not at work developments may be different from abroad to impose our theoretical anything we have known in the ec- theology on others, but to give them clesiastical life of the West. . Why Christ. Shall we not grant them the should we of America attempt to say right to interpret Christ for them- how the Spirit of God shall lead the selves? When did God give the Orientals in their church life? Why Anglo-Saxon a particular m6nopoly should we of America attempt to in making creeds concerning Christ? control the work of God's spirit in When did God give the Anglo-Saxon the Orient? Are not the sources of the right to say to others: "You are information and inspiration as open not seeing Christ unless you see Him to them as to us? Does God speak according to the statements of our more surely to the Anglo-Saxon creeds ?" Ve need to trust Christ soul? Are we afraid to trust the to reveal Himself to others, even as Eternal Christ with the Orientals, tho He has revealed Himself to us. Christ Himself came out of the East?

Thank God the day of cooperation Is Christ's work in the East always has come in an irresistible tide. A to be held in leading-strings from few people at home may hold back the West? Is Christianity, by retlson their missionaries. They may attempt of its foreign names and foreign con- to delay the larger movement, but trol, always to appear in the eyes of they can not defeat its coming. The the Oriental as a foreign religion?

tide is high, and it is growing higher. Do we not have sufficient confidence You may cause some of your mis- in the truth to release it? "Lord, in- sionaries to anchor in a small bay crease our faith." Help us that we until the tide goes out and then find ., shall be satisfied to place the leaven it impossible to make as large a con- in the lump, confident that it will tribution as they wished to make. eventually leaven the mass. Help us But even at home there are men just to trust Christ and His truth. Many

A UNITED FRONT IN MISSION WORK

are coming to believe that the Orien- are finding it highly advantageous to tal interpretation of Christ will make cooperate in theological instruction, His crown all the more resplendent. which is possible without compromise We need to cooperate in the sur- of conviction. This has been dem- . vey of unoccupied fields. No one onstrated. My own unwillingness society can accomplish this task un- to cooperate here where full freedom aided. We must cooperate in the oc- is given to all may be due to a fear cupation of the fields. Shall we send that the truth as I teach it will not missionaries to relatively well-occu- stand when compared with the teach- pied territory because we are not ings of others. We may have great represented there, while multitudes confidence in the survival of the fit- elsewhere are untouched? . There are test. Moreover, if many minds are numerous well-occupied centers in needed in the study of chemistry or China whose contiguous territory is physics or mathematics, how much fearfully neglected. more do men need each other in In a sectional conference in China their study of God the Father, and a missionary reported that there were Christ the Son?

590 missionaries in one province. A The present opportunity can be de- Chinese leader commented on the feated if we cooperate on a basis situation by saying that the forces of of compromise. But comprehension, missionaries were not well distrib- not compromise, is the note of the uted; that while the same place is hour. On the other hand, the op- being occupied by several societies, portunity can be defeated by a fail- other sections offer almost virgin ure to address ourselves unitedly to soil. In the same sectional confer- the entire task. The opportunity may ence a missionary reported that he be lost through an unholy insistence and his wife were stationed one ht1n- that each work without regard to dred miles from their nearest mis- others. It may be lost by a failure sionary neighbors. Surely coopera- to move together. It may be lost tion is needed in the occupation of through a prevalence of sectarian the field. Since men are saved spirit. Sectarian effort is doomed to through Christ rather than through failure in the Far East.

our distinctive views about Him, it All hail to the glad day that is should be our chief aim to see first dawning. The tide is rising; we can that all men have opportunity to not stop it. Thank God, we can not know Christ. stop it if we would! More and more In many places men have learned the Christian forces abroad are de- that God has not given a different termined that they will not go to the materia medica to Baptists, or Meth- bar of God responsible for presenting odists, or Presbyterians, and union a divided Christ to the non-Christian Christian hospitals flourish. Success- world. We are united in the aim to ful medical colleges appear almost give men Christ and His Word.

impossible without cooperation. The While we teach our own views loyal- same is true of real universities and ly, shall we not grant all men the in the production and distribution of right to interpret Christ for them- a worthy Christian literature. Some selves? LET US COOPERATE.

CJ,art, sJ,cwi.,g Sccieties at Wcr~

i., tbe Dar~ Co.,ti.,e.,t.

Map .howinl" areu in Africa under Protestant Mi••ionary influence. _ _ _ _ _ __ The initial, of the Mi..ion_" Societies with tho .. Indication Prepared by W. 1. W. Roome, Esq.• Editor of "The Lightbearer"

For the Explanation to the Initial Letters of Societies, see the World Atlas of Christian Misskms (Student Volunteer Movement, New York) . In Northeast Africa there were, in 1910, 16 Societies, with 296 Foreign and 818 Native Workers28 In Northwest 12 155 " 2,538 In Western 19 518 20 664 .. 2,217 In Southwest 52 1,589 22 403 .. 8,680 In South 20 648 .. 3,093 .. 2,962 In S. Central "

In East

A TYPICAL AUDIENCE OF MALAGASY CHRISTIANS, ISOAVINANDRIANA

These people came together for a quarterly meeting, and listened to addresses for four hours the day this picture was taken Cooperation In Madagascar THE UNIQUE WORK OF A UNITED DEPUTATION BY HENRY T. HODGKIN, M.A., M.B… LONDON Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association f]JI N the summer of 1913 among the great fields of missionary 00 a work was done in labor for its wonderful record of Madagascar which c~n bitter persecution bravely endured, claim to be almost, if and for the splendid service of its '*"" not quite, unique in pioneer missionaries. In no field have missionary his tor y . the advance of civilization and the spread of Christianity been more The results have so far justified the closely linked than in this great experiment as to encourage the hope island during the early part of last that it may be repeated in other century. Nowhere has an infant fields. church risen more nobly through se- Madagascar is honorably known

vere trial into a stronger and purer tioned. Owing to government ac- life. tion, it had become necessary to for- To-day the same church is facing mulate a definite constitution for this a situafion in some ways as perplex- council. The question arose thus ing as any among the older civiliza- from without, as to how far it would tions. Under a Government whose be possible to go in the direction of influence is steadily directed against complete union at the present stage aggressive Christian work, and which in the life of the Malagasy Church.

has succeeded in destroying nine- The work carried on by all three so- tenths of the mission schools in the cieties had, in the main, been com- island, with heathen practises reas- menced by the London Missionary serting themselves in localities long Society. When the Friends took up regarded as Christian, with the sys- work, nearly half a century ago, after tematic spread of materialistic and the close of the great persecution, immoral literature, threatened by the they took over churches which had steady growth of Islam in the north, previously been under the care of the and by the insidious danger due to London Missionary Society, and, lack of even elementary education on from this basis, extended and en- the part of many of its own mem- larged their work. Much the same bers, the church stands in great need state of things existed when, some of a wise and sympathetic leader- thirty years later, the Paris Mission ship, which shall help it to rise vic- began work there after the occupa- torious amid all these complex tion of the island by the French Gov- problems. ernment. Each mission had, how- In June, I9I2, the representatives ever, developed work on its own of the five European missionary so- lines, and so, altho there is still a cieties working in the island met to- fundamental unity and a close feder- gether in London to consider the ation in the work of the Isan Enim situation, and decided to recommend Bolana, there are three separate that their boards send out a united church organizations, each with its deputation to help the missionaries peculiar form of church govern- and the Malagasy leaders in facing ment, and emphasizing, to a certain the present situation. The societies extent, different aspects of Christian had an additional reason for taking truth.

this step. The Isan Enim Bolana, or Early in the summer of 1913 three Six Months' Meeting, of the churches representatives from each of these connected with the London Mission- three societies left for Madagascar, ary Society, the Friends' Foreign and, in addition, the Anglican Mis- Mission Association, and the Paris sion (S. P. G.) had designated Bishop Missionary Society, has for many King of Madagascar to represent years exercised a double function, as them in joint conferences, the Nor- an advisory council in church mat- wegian Mission had appointed their ters for these three churches, and as superintendent in Madagascar, Mr.

a missionary society extending its Bjertnes, and Mr. Torwick, and Dr.

work to the far parts of the island Dyrnes had similarly been chosen by where no foreign missionary is sta- the home boards of the United Lu-

VIEW OF TANANARIVE (ANCmNT ANTANANARIVO), THE CAPITAL OF

theran Church of America and the be truly successful. There was a American Lutheran Board of Mis- great spirit of expectancy, there was sions, respectively. These seven mis- a deep sense of the importance and sions comprise all the non-Roman timeliness of the visit, and there was Catholic societies working in Mada- the heartiest cooperation on the part gascar, and plans were made for of all, both missionaries and Mala- complete cooperation in any discus- gasy.

sions which might take place. The Method Adopted Throughout the visit the most per- The first week or ten days was de- fect harmony prevailed among the voted to meetings of welcome in representatives of the various mis- Tananarive, to the perfection of ar- sions. The first welcome to the rangements for visits in the country, shores of Madagascar was given by" and for the final conferences, to a the representatives of the French preliminary discussion of the main Church at Majunga, among whom subjects for mutual conference, and were young men educated in the the issue of a full agenda to be London Missionary Society and the studied by each missionary prior to Friends Mission schools in the capi- the meeting of the joint conference.

tal. The first service, attended by the In these discussions Malagasy opin- bulk of the deputation who were trav- ion was carefully consulted, and, eling together, was an Anglican ser- altho it did not seem possible to have vice at Tamatave, conducted by Arch- Malagasy representation in the main deacon MacMahon, of the Society for conference at the close, several spe- the Propagation of the Gospel. On cial meetings were held with native arrival in the 'capital, there was a full leaders, and the fullest confidence conference between the various mis- was established and maintained. A sion representatives and leading mis- month or si.x weeks was then devoted sionaries. Together the deputation to a thorough visit of the country, waited upon the governor-general. each deputation concentrating on the During the closing weeks of the visit a district occupied by its own mission, series of united gatherings were con- tho taking opportunities of visiting ducted with the greatest harmony, the stations of others. After return- and with the happiest results. ing to the capital, some time was In preparation for the visit an spent in completing the inspection of exhaustive list of questions had been the institutions there, and in confer- drawn up, and these were answered p.nce between each deputation and with the utmost care by a number of the missionaries and Malagasy con- missionaries and committties. Type- nected with the particular mission.

written copies of the matter arising All this prepared the way for a out of these replies had been studied well-informed and practical discus- and discust together by members of sion of the main problems with which the deputation, and, most important all the missions are faced. The of all, prayer had been offered for closing days were, therefore, devoted months beforehand all over Mada- to joint conference, and to great mass gascar, and by many persons at meetings with the Malagasy Chris- home, that the visit might prove to tians, who were assembled in thousands from the country districts for of God in the hearts of these people, the half-yearly gat her i n g s of and with a great hope for the future churches connected with the three of the church in Madagascar. Such sister missions. Before the deputa- an impression is deepened by the intions left, it was possible to lay be- timate knowledge of some of the fore the Malagasy some of the main Malagasy leaders, men of spiritual conclusions of the conference, and and intellectual power, humble, and the fact that one or another acted as yet courageous, showing an eager despokesman, and presented the views sire to learn from the missionary, of all the seven missions made a very combined with a healthy sense of indeep impression on the Malagasy, dependence and growing strength. and demonstrated the actual unity we One's only regret is that there are BOYS' SCHOOL IN TANANARIVE-FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION ASSOCIATION had in Christ in a way which had not more such men in this hour of never before been witnessed in the danger and opportunity in the life island. The great meetings at the of the Church of Christ in Madaclose of the visit were impressive gascar. beyond words. As thousands listened for hours together to difficult ad- As to the practical results of this dresses delivered through" an inter- unique series of conferences, seldom preter in an atmosphere which has a similar gathering been able to would have driven a Western audi- accomplish so much in 'so short a ence out of the church, as they fol- space of time. Little time was given lowed closely the various points to mere talking. Half an hour in made, and as one felt the deep spiri- the middle of the morning was spent tual response which was given to the in devotion; and one evening was message, all the visitors were deeply taken up with a careful presentation, imprest with the reality of the work by a delegate from each mission, of the point of view of his own communion in approaching the question who kneeled beside him, but each of Christian unity, and his thought as detennined, above all else, to be true to the contribution which that com- to Christ, and, knowing that, we were munion had to make to the church one great fellowship of His discilife of Madagascar. This session was ples. Ve left the room with minds and hearts occupied not with our differences, but with our great under- lying unity in which we were secure- ly bound together into one living Body in our great Head.

Setting aside these experiences, which are too deep for many words, and which can not fail to have re- sults more far-reaching than any- thing else done by the conference, we can classify its work under the fol- lowing heads, and thus give some idea of its far-reaching significance.

The Evanll'elization of the Island NON-CHR[ST[AN NATIVE OF MADAGASCAR While the central plateau of Mada- gascar has for many years been ocone of the most impressive meetings cupied by missionary forces, and has ever attended by any who were pres- a relatively larger Christian commuent. There was perfect frankness nity, there are many parts of the on the part of each. There was no island which must still be classed as attempt to minimize differences or unevangelized. Spasmodic visits have to make compromises. Each stood been paid. The native missionary his ground and stated what he be- society has sent its agents into a lieved God had given to him. At the number of outlying posts, and done a close a deep hush fell on all. The good tho scattered work. Certain chairman called for prayer. There ports have been occupied, such as was no place for a discussion of dif- Tamatave, Fort Dauphin, and Tulear. ferences. We had reached a place But, generally speaking, the larger where we knew that we were one in part of the area must be classed as Christ. Round His feet we gathered, "unoccupied." The missions faced each strong in convictions which together the great task which still might appear to be diametrically op- confronted them, and took the naposite to those of the man or woman tive missionary society into close consultation. They looked at the task as a whole, realizing something of its urgency in view of the ad- vance of Islam on the northwest, and the spread of materialism from the center. They met in a spirit of mu- tual understanding, each anxious to avoid the duplication of work on the sions agreed to the boundaries deone hand, and the passing by of any fining the area which each should section of country on the other. As seek to occupy, and adopted a resoa result, practically the whole of the lution which lays down the lines of island was mapped out. The native procedure in case of churches in missionary society agreed to a modi- Imerina wishing to pass from the fication of its policy, looking to a care of one mission to that of andefinite concent~ation on one area. other. It can not but come as a The foreign societies agreed to cer- strong call to the supporters of the A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN MALAGASY AND THE FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION DEPUTATION Taken at Arivonimanno. Secretary Henry T . Hodgkin is standing at the right tain geographical limits, and each various societies at home to know stated its ambition to occupy a por- that the share which they are called tion of territory which no other so- upon to take in this advance is part ciety contemplated entering. Already of a well-considered policy, in which two or three of the societies have all are agreed, for the speedy occulaid plans for advance in accordance pation of the entire field. with this well-considered scheme, and there is reason to hope that in five or Education and Training of Leader. ten years' time practically each part of this vast unoccupied area will A large amount of time was given have seen the beginnings of organ- to the consideration of other importized missionary effort. All the mis- ant questions. The action of the Government, by which a large proportion of the mission schools have to all the societies, and everything is been dosed, has created an urgent to be gained by cooperation in facing and dangerous situation. Twenty these questions. There are also the years ago a large body' of young difficulties due to the over-emphasis on teaching the French language in the curriculum, the problems con- nected with the education of a child race, and the question of industrial and technical training. The confer- ence agreed to the formation of a , Joint Consultative Board of Educa- tion to "consider questions of educa- tional policy, school-management and teaching method, and give advice to the missions on these subjects, as may be necessary."

All agreed that there is now no more important problem in Mada- gascar than the training of leaders for the native church. Already two missions are· cooperating in this work, A CROWD AFTER CHUBCH AT MIANTSOARIVO and a third is considering the possi- bility of entering the union. Perpeople was being trained in mission . schools throughout the country.

Practically every church building was being used in the week for a school-house, and the children of church-members who were not re- ceiving at least an elementary educa- tion was almost a negligible quantity.

Now the new Government schools,.

whose tendency is most frequently anti-Christian, are gradually replac- ing mission schools. Many children are, however, unprovided for, the total number at school being many less than it was before the Govern- ment action. The danger which threatens the church is, therefore, that its members generally will have little or no education, and that some GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL, FARAVOHITRA of them will have received what lit- tle they have with a strong anti- haps the most noteworthy was the Christian bias. There is, also, a large proposal on the part of the Paris range of educational ground comm6n Mission to open a higher school in

IN MADAGASCAR 43

the capital for boys who have com- made a deep impression. Great empleted their course in the existing phasis was laid by the conference high schools carried on by the various on the moral and spiritual side of missions. Already the Paris Mis- this problem, and of the kindred one sion is undertaking the normal training for all missions in the last year MADAGASCAR. of the brevet course. With the exception of this work and the theo- .s"''"''',s, 4e",""'~o't' 01 ClIno.. logical courses, there is no Christian education of a college grade, the ac- 'oc.',"u'n ;"e… ",.oehto……" tion of the Government having prac- t?!:to'tO,7 ~(lc."'c.e.!t . tically cut out the higher departments of the schools in town. Now ~,:>. the way seems clear for the opening of such a school or college. The Paris Society proposes to take full responsibility in the matter, while the other missions have agreed not to open competing schools, and to give what help they may be able In teaching, and in sending pupils.

The Malaguy Church Having behind it a history of nearly 'one hundred years, and hav- ing been developed under the guid- ance of such wise and far-seeing missionaries, it is not wonderful to find that the Malagasy Church is reaching the point at which a much SOCIETtES AT WORK larger responsibility for its own work Friends' Foreign Mission Association (British). Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Angli· can be taken over by it. It is now can). Norwegian ~'Iissionary Society (Norwegian) .

possible to plan missionary policy United Lutheran Church of America. Lutheran Board of Missions (American), with the distinct aim of ultimate Paris Missionary Society (SociHe des Missions W.ithdrawaI, not S.ImpIy as a dI' stant LoEnvdaonngeMliqIsusei)o.nary Society. I'deaI, but " Sihgt. The prob- " Isan Enim Bolana (Malagasy Missionary Society). as now 10 lem is what particular path to take, of union. Everywhere it was found which steps to take first, and at what that the Malagasy leaders responded rate it is safe to proceed. The con- to the idea of a united and indepel1d- ference decided to lay the whole ent Malagasy Church. Many of question before the Malagasy lead- them, however, were fearful lest the ers, and, at the half-yearly meeting pace be too much accelerated, and, of the three sister churches, the indeed, as consideration was given to deputation made a public statement the problem, it became evident that, on the question of self-support and until many more leaders were raised self-government, which evidently up and trained, there would be grave

danger in pressing forward too rapid- that it seemed inevitable that a Jy. At the same time, there are a Continuation Committee should be number of able and consecrated lead- formed. There was never any ers in the Malagasy Church, and it thought of giving this committee any was quite clear that a distinct for- executive function. It was called ward move could be made. into existence to perpetuate the spirit The question of a constitution for of the conference, to consider Mada- the Isan Enim Bolana came up for gascar as a whole, to act, when re- consideration. It was not posiible quired, as -a Board of Reference, to finally to ratify this, but there was facilitate cooperation, to keep in much discussion, and a draft agreed touch with the Edinburgh Continua- upon carried the federation a stage tion Committee, and "to serve as a further than anything hitherto at- means whereby the Christian forces tempted. The three societies agreed in Madagascar may express them- in the principle of full- interchange of selves unitedly when they so desire."

membership. This involves, on the One mission did not see its way at part of two, the acceptance as full once to join in the committee, but members, with equal rights in the hopes to be able to do so shortly, its church of persons who may not have members in the meantime attending been baptized, and who do not par- the sittings of the committee.

take of the Lord's Supper. In the During the visit of the deputations Friends' Church there are many who a great deal was accomplished in the do use these outward rites. But conferences of the several missions.

there is full liberty to abstain on the Much was done by informal discus- part of any who feel conscientiously sions on the part of the deputations, unable to ·partake. This liberty will and with missionaries and Malagasy now be exercised in all the three leaders, which can not even be sum- churches. At the same time, in marized here. Statements made and those individual churches in which addresses given at the huge meetings no provision is now made for the of the Isan Enim Bolana, and at use of these rites, such provision will numberless smaller gatherings, pro- be made in the event of persons re- duced a deep spiritual effect. The moving from other churches, and very fas;t of the visit being paid, the who ask for such provision. While long and difficult journey taken, the the constitution can hardly be said separation from families and friends, to provide as yet for a full union of the number and position of those the three churches, it certainly is a who came, all made a very deep im- notable step in that direction. pression upon the people. There can The Continuation Committee be no doubt that the experiment has amply justified itself, and that those So near did the members of the who took part in it unite in the hope conference come to one another in that simultaneous deputations may those days, so loving and fruitful become a recognized mlsSlOnary was the fellowship established, and method where conditions are favor· so clearly desirable its perpetuation, able.

A Cultured Missionary

JAMES S. DENNIS, AND HIS SERVICE TO THE WORLD BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK N OUT thoughts of Dr. they would first write me. I also proposed lJI Dennis the real great- to them that, if they felt inclined on reach- ness of the w 0 r k ing home, they should write a resolution as follows: "Resolved, that if the Lord will . which he did, and of give me grace, I will be a missionary." One little boy, James S. Dennis, did write such ~ the influence which, a resolution, as I learned thirteen years afterward (September 23, 1868), when more or less uncon- r went to Newark to give the charge at his sciously, he exerted, is accompanied ordination, and was a guest in his house. and almost obscured at times by the Mrs. Dennis told me that, in October, 1855, her son Jimmy came home from hearing loveliness of his character and life. me speak, went to his room, and soon after brought her a written resolution: From his childhood he had the quali- "Resolved, that if God will give me grace, ties of considerateness, of gentleness, r will be a missionary." She said to him, of purity, of friendliness, which grew "James, you are too young to know what you will be." "Yes," he said, "I did not with his growth, and made his com- say r will be, but, 'if God gives me grace, panionship an unclouded pleasure to r will be.''' "And now to-day you are to all who were associated with him. give him his ordination charge as a mis- sionary to Syria!" From his childhood, also, he had the Surely the Lord must have inspired me gravity and seriousness which filled to make that suggestion when I did, for Dr. Dennis has done more for the cause all his work with conscience and of foreign missions than almost any other living man. We have always been dear and truth. He grew up in a home of intimate friends, and, in Syria, where he labored for twenty-three years, he is be- comfort and wealth and Christian loved by all who knew him. His Arabic works, "Christian Theology" (two volumes, faith, and the missionary purpose 8vo), "Evidences of Christianity" (one volume, 8vo), "Scripture Interpretation" came to him as a child, as it had (one volume, 8vo), are classics in Arabic theological literature. come to Coleridge Patteson and to Every quality displayed by the James Chalmers. Dr. Henry H. Jes- child ripened in the character of the sup, who was to be for hlany years man-his earnest, 'thoughtful con- sideration of his duty, his prompt ac- one of his fellow missionaries and in- ceptance of it when it was clear to timate friends, tells, in his autobiog- him, his gentle but firm adherence to it, his calm confidence in the will of raphy, how the mtsslOnary call God, his lack of all unreal feeling, touched the boy of thirteen: of all mock heroics, and his simple recognition that whatever work God On the 27th of October, 1855, I attended the morning missionary prayer meeting at Union Theological Seminary, and met some of the beloved brethren who were expect- ing to go abroad; Harding (India), White (Asia Minor), Byington (Bulgaria), and Kalopothakes (Athens).

The next day I spent in Newark, N. J., in the church of that scholarly and saintly man, Rev. J. F. Stearns, D.D. I preached in the church, addrest the Sunday-school, and promised to write to the scholars if

had for him to do was the one thing longed to aNew School congrega- about which he should feel concern. tion-tho he had taken his theologi- In all these things the boy was father cal course in an Old School seminary, to the man. as many missionaries who went out James Dennis was born in New- under the American Board had done ark, New Jersey, on December 15, -he had offered himself to the 1842. His father was interested in American Board. In 1870 the New the early railroad development of the School and Old School churches State, and the family relationships were reunited, and with the reunion were such that the boy knew the and the withdrawal of the New people worth knowing and felt about School churches from the support of his life the most stimulating and re- the American Board, the latter trans- fining influences. He was sent to ferred to the Presbyterian Board sev- Princeton College, and was graduated eral of its missions, which had been in the class of r863. From the col- largely staffed from the Presbyte- lege he went to the seminary in the rian churches, Syria among them.

class of 1867, One of the most re- This brought James S. Dennis into markable missionary classes ever his own relationship with the Pres- graduated from the institution. Out byterian Board.

of its seventy matriculates, it gave In Syria he mastered Arabic and Baldwin to. Turkey, Butler to China, devoted himself to the work of theo- Dennis to Syria, Douglas (afterward logical instruction. He had to create Member of Parliament and Senator his tools, and prepared in Arabic a in Canada), and Heyl and Wherry to statement of Christian doctrine which India, Thomson to Mexico, and has been used until the present day.

Chamberlain to Brazil. That same It was not a translation of anyone class gave Richard C. Morse to be American book, but was a selection the leader of the Y. M. C. A. of of what cpmmended itself to Dr.

North America, Dean Griffin to Dennis from many books, welded to- Johns Hopkins University, Bloom- gether by his own mind and heart.

burgh to Lafayette College, Spar- He was a man of open and receptive hawk Jones and Henry H. Stebbins mind, but thoughtfully and earnestly to the home ministry, and not less . devoted to the firm body of evangeli- than eight men to the home mission- cal truth, and while he witnessed ary service. without fear the shifting change of From this training and fellowship emphasis and the new modes of Dr. Dennis went, in January, 1869, thought which were at variance with to Syria, which was then a mission his own mood, but in which he looked of the American' Board of Commis- carefully for what he could see to be sioners for Foreign Missions, through true, he abode in the central con- which the New School Presby- victions of the New Testament with terian churches, which had sep- a reasoned and confident faith.

arated from the Old School in 1838, In 1892 he was called home by were making their missionary con- business responsibilities. His going tributions and sending their mission- was deeply lamented. He was one ary recruits. Since James Dennis be- who made himself lleloved wherever

A CULTURED MISSIONARY SCHOLAR

he was. He had done so in Syria. penditure a missionary contribution, The word "Dennis," in its Arabic as indeed it was. The work consti- sound, had an unfavorable signifi- tutes our most massive missionary cance, and he was, accordingly, al- production, and while it has not ways called "Ennis," meaning gentle lacked, as no such undertaking could or affable. His characteristic friend- lack, its critics, both friendly and liness had borne its fruitage in the hostile, it remains a storehouse of love of his associates for him. But facts and evidence and a monument it was necessary to return to Amer- to the industry, the calm faith, the ica, and he never went back again to tireless and conscientious patience, Syria. He settled in New York, and the breadth of mind, and the glowfor some time, during periods of ing benevolence of its author. special need, served as one of the corresponding secretaries of the Dr. Dennis's other most distinctive Board, and even after the discon- service to the mission cause was his tinuance of this service, for some time work in connection with missionary did a good part of the editorial work statistics. At his own expense he of the Board. His freedom from mis- compiled and issued a centennial sursionary duty and his ample means did vey of missions in connection with not entice him into any selfish or indo- the Ecumenical Missionary Conferlent life. He had already conceived ence in New York in 1900. It was the idea of his great missionary book the most comprehensive and authoriand apologetic treatise, in which the tative collection of missionary statisrelation of Christian Missions to So- tics which had ever been made. A cial Progress should be set forth, committee, of which he was chairwith its incidental proof of the divine man, undertook and completed a simipower of the gospel in human life. lar task in connection with the World He set out to gather first-hand testi- Missionary Conference in Edinburgh mony from all the mission fields. An in 1910. In such work no toil was immense correspondence grew up. too great, and no expense to be The material, as it came in, was clas- spared, if it was necessary to secure sified and re-classified, worked over, needed information or to guarantee written out and re-written. He em- accuracy. In the collection and preployed competent help. He gener- sentation of missionary statistics he ously recognized all the labor spent erected new standards of what can by others. As he went on, his un- and ought to be done. dertaking expanded, so that the material, while used in lectures in But neither the absorption of his Princeton, Lane, Auburn, and West- great apologetic task, nor the burdenern (Pittsburgh) Theological Semi- some cares of the statistician, monnaries, far exceeded the bounds of a opolized his activity. He was conlecture course, and ultimately ap- stantly producing missionary articles peared in three great volumes. He of a high order as by-play, and enspent a great deal of his own money tering in the most active way into all in publishing the books, as well as in the work of missionary administrapreparing them, and counted this ex- tion. For twelve years after his re- turn from Syria his name was still carried on the rolls of the .Syria

Mission in. all the reports of the articles no one but he could have Board, and he was constantly in the written, especially several which ap- offices of the Board in consultation peared anonymously in 1889, dealing with regard to its work. In 1904 he with the missionary enterprise in the became a member of the Board and Turkish Empire. In all that he served on its Conul1ittee on Syria, wrote, as in the man himself, there is Persia, and Africa, first as a member not one judgment, not one word, and then as chairman, and no mem- which is unkind or harsh or unfair. ber of any Board could have per- He always spoke the truth as he saw formed his duty more devotedly, in- it, but he always saw it in love. telligently, and winningly than Dr. Dennis. He was ever ready, also, to Dr. Dennis was naturally of a calm advise any missionary cause and to aid any missionary interest. When and controlled spirit, but not impas- Dr. Boegner, of the French Evan- sive. He was all eagerness and ingelical Society, was in America in terest, and as ready to enter into other 1911, seeking to interest friends in people's thoughts as to express his the support of the work of the own. And especially was he full of French Society; after the disestab- a rich and unfearing Christian hope. lishment of religion in France had The bits of verse which he inscribed thrown new and heavy burdens on upon the title pages of his books reall the churches there, Dr. Dennis yeal him. The three following were was his closest adviser, and when his placed, one in each of the three volerrand seemed about to have failed, umes of "Christian Missions and So- Dr. Dennis stept forward-altho he was the most modest of men-to take . cial Progress": the leadership which was required. The new age stands as yet His doing it, and the way of his Half built against the sky, doing it, were more than good Dr. Open to every threat Boegner could speak of without mois- Of storms that clamor by; ·tened eyes. Scaffolding veils the walls, Alld dim dust floats and falls, Beside this active participation in As, moving to and fro, their tasks the missionary administration, Dr. Dennis masons ply. was a prolific missionary writer. His -William Watson. first book, "Foreign Missions After a Century," appeared in 1893; then Thus, with somewhat of the Seer, followed the "Centennial Statistics," and three volumes of "Christian Mis- Must the moral pioneer sions and Social Progress," of which From the future borrow: mention has been made; in 1908 came Clothe the waste with dreams of grain, "The New Horoscope of Missions," And, on midnight's sky of rain, the course of lectures delivered in Paint the golden morrow. McCormick Theological Seminary in 1907, and in 1913 "The Modern Call -John Greenleaf Whittier. of Missions," a collection of his best missionary articles. Some of these God works in aU things, an obey His first propulsion from the night; Wake thou and watch! the world is gray With morning light.

Aid the dawning, tongue and pen; Aid it, hopes of honest men; Aid it paper, aid it type; Aid it, for the hour is ripe.

A TWICE-BORN TURK

AntI his last book bore on the title that that purpose involved in his large page the lines: conception of it. For years Mrs. Dennis has been an invalid, and it Wider and wider yet was a surprize to many that he was The gates of the nations swing; called onward before her; but it would have been like him to see the good- Clearer and clearer still ness of God in allowing him to go The wonderful prophecies ring: forward to prepare a place for her, if he could no longer minister to her Go forth, ye hosts of the living God, here. Ministry to her and ministry And conquer the earth for your King! to the world ministry of Christianity had been the consuming service of And it closed with the lines: his life. He lived and died in what he himself described as "the convic- o Father! haste the promised hour tion that world-wide missions repre- sent in their prospective influence, When at His feet shall lie their varied activities and full sig- All rule, authority, and power nificance, the divine ideal of Chris- tian service for all mankind." Beneath the ample sky, When He shall reign from pole to pole, The Lord of every human sou1."

To the fulfilment of this prayer Dr. Dennis unreservedly devoted his life. He had no other interests than those of true friendship and of the evangelization of the world, with all A Twice-born "Turk"–Part IX THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press Baptism at Last ceremony, and baptized me with water, while the Lord baptized me URING the week in with His Holy Spirit. To Him be praise for this great salvation by mD which I came to Cairo H is precious blood. the Church Council met and questioned me Some who heard of my baptism ~ concerning. my faith. told the students in El-Azhar, and They decided to post- they informed one of the Sheikhs. pone my baptism for a time, lest the He collected a number of other news of such a step would cause my Sheikhs and merchants, and all came wife's people to forbid her coming to to meet me, and invited me to go in Jam me. When my boy ran away, for a talk. We sat down, and the however, I knew that he would inform Sheikh who was the head of the all my people that I had become a deputation spoke to me with all sorts Christian, so that there was no rea- of adulation and hypocritical praise, son to delay the matter longer. The stating that they had verified the fact missionaries, therefore, arranged the

of my lineage, and therefore my bap- given me, there is no virtue in that.

tism was a crushing blow and had All virtue is of God, and I must broken their hearts. For half an alone praise Him, but the rest is hour I was listening to his nonsense, without any basis whatever, and I offering a prayer to God for wisdom. have no pleasure in lies. As for When the Sheikh left off speaking, I what you say about my lineage, this said: "And now, what are you wish- and all earthly relationships now no ing with this assembly?" longer concern me, nor can I boast They replied with one voice : "We of it, for it is all of the dust and· only wish your welfare in this world unto dust shall it return, for your and the next, and that you may re- Koran says, 'There will be no gene- tain your religion and your humanity. alogies among you in that day, the We know that the missionaries have day of resurrection.' As for your led you astray through the large sum wish to seek my welfare, may God of money they offered you in your reward you with good, and know that necessity. We ask you kindly not to I wish for you as much as you wish give them back a cent of what they for me. As for the statement that have paid you, but we are prepared the missionaries have beguiled me by to secure for you an appointment in offering me money at the time of my any good business establishment you great need, let me only say that you wish." have fabricated lies against the mis- The Sheikh then put his hand to sionaries, and you at the same time his pocket and brought out a hand- have advised me to commit robbery.

kerchief full of coins, saying :"Kindly "May God forgive you for saying receive this one hundred pounds, put that they have deluded me, for I am it in your pocket, for it is your not one of the deluded ones. It is property." true I was never in need of money "Whence is this money that is until I decided to become a Christian given to me so unexpectedly?" I and came to Egypt, nor did my needs asked. "I can not receive it until I increase until you, 0 Sheikh, ab- know from whom and for what pur- ducted my son. If Christ had not pose you have given it to me." told us to 'swear not at all,' I would "Your brethren, the Moslems, have have sworn to you that on the day of collected it privately," he said, "in my baptism I tasted no food, not be- order to relieve you from the yoke cause I had decided to fast, but be- of the missionaries. All you have to cause I possest no money on that do is to write two lines, in which you day, for my boy stole the remainder clear yourself from everything that of my small salary when he ran away has been asserted of you in the way from me. After all this, will you say of conversion to Christianity, so that that they have led me astray with we may publish it in one of the money?

papers." "As for your offer of a hun- I became very angry, and replied: dred pounds, and your promise of "In reply to all the Sheikh has said high positions if I will only disown as your spokesman, so far as the my religion, I am surprized at you.

praise and flattery that you have You have profest to raise me to a

A TWICE-BORN TURK

very exalted position; but, by offer- "Sit down again," I said, "and ing me money as a bribe, in order to listen to what I am going to say to betray my conscience, you have put you and them." me beneath the level of the dogs. I then called aloud: "The happiest "May God forgive you for these and most blest hour of my life will wicked insults, which have reached be the hour in which I am killed as a the extreme of all contemptibleness, martyr, for I shall then go straight as tho you thought religion and to heaven to be with Christ in the faith were merchandise to be sold eternal glory. I do not think, howand bought. If I had been one of ever, that God will allow you to do those that money or position would this, for it is His purpose that I buy, I would have remained in my should serve the Moslems while a own country as a Sayid, having my Christian, even as I used to serve hands kissed by the people, where I them while a Moslem. The Lord of could have obtained money from Peace will be with me always." various sources. Then I left them and came away. "Finally, that if you wish to pro- Narrator: I then said to him, "Do cure my salvation from eternal per- you think that they will do anydition as much as I wish yours, then thing?" collect together the chief of your "The religion was begun and prolearned men. I am prepared to meet pagated with the edge of the sword," them, and to expose their fallacies, he replied. "It is not unthinkable and to show the falseness of the that its people should carry out its views you are now holding. If principles; but I am not afraid of they clearly convince me of the fal- their childish threatenings, for I have sity of my faith, I shall return to in my heart unchangeable peace. He Islam speedily, and that without bri- on whose side is the Creator need bery." not fear the creature." Narrator: Some months passed be- "A very good thought, indeed!" fore I saw him again. He was comthe Sheikh answered. "Let such a ing out of a house toward evening, meeting be held in my house." and we sat down together while I asked what had happened since we "All right," I answered, "on con- last parted. He smilingly resumed dition that I am accompanied by two his story. officers, one from the Egyptian Gov- Sheikh: Not many days after my ernment and one from the English." son had left me, letters came from my friends in Syria, asking the truth of "Why such a condition ?" asked what my boy had reported. They all the Sheikh. urged me to answer quickly, as to my reasons for becoming a Christian. "For protection against the loss of In order to save time, I wrote my my warm blood," was my reply. Confession of Faith, showing, briefly, the chief reasons for my conversion, They then whispered together, and and how I found the truth in the one of them came aside and whis- Scriptures after searching long m pered to me, "This company is wishing to appoint some one to attack you secretly, unless you will agree to write a notice in one of the Islamic papers."

the chief religions. This paper was matter of divine providence and en- printed, and I put a number of copies tirely supernatural.

in separate envelops, and sent them Sheikh: Praise be to God, our to everyone who had addrest me on generous Lord, who has never failed the subject. and will never fail, to care for his Arrival of His Wife humble servant.

My wife was continually sending Peace in Believing me letters, asking for traveling ex- Narrator: Vould you tell me some- penses, so that she might come to thing about your spiritual condition Egypt. I sent her the money, but while living with your family?

she replied that her family and all Sheikh: I thank God and praise the people of the town had prevented Him with all my heart that I have her from coming. been born again with the new birth, I entirely surrendered my case to and the old nature has been crucified, Almighty God, and prayed to Him and I have risen again, not by my by the only intercessor, namely, the own means, but by Him who saved Beloved Savior, who had promised me by His blood. My evil dispo- not to send away any who came to sitions have been altered and I have, ask Him. Many of my Christian by degrees, obtained a new character, brethren and sisters, Egyptians and for my former haughty pride has also English and Americans, joined been changed to humility, and my hot me in my petition, and God granted temper to clemency, and my evil our request in spite of every diffi- thoughts to chastity, and my covet- culty. My wife once more sent a re- ousness to contentment, my hastiness quest for traveling expenses, that she to patience, and my rebelliousness to might come at once, and as I had a obedience; in short, God has replaced firm belief that God had answered most of my evil traits of character by our prayers I sent the traveling ex- new and praiseworthy ones, through penses immediately. Soon she and His Holy Spirit; while as to the re- the boy arrived. Now her guidance maining traits of character about into the truth depends upon God's which His Spirit rebukes me at times, answers to the prayers of many be- He will deliver me from those also, lievers through His grace and by the and hear' the prayers of my brethren'

action of the Holy Spirit. and co-workers in His vineyard, that Narrator: Was she not one of the I will have grace to overcome every bigoted Moslems, and is she not ac- temptation and fulfil all His holy de- quainted' with the doctrines of Islam? sires in me, that I may remain sted- Sheikh: Yes, she is one of the fast in Him and He in me for ever: most bigoted, and her family more If there had been no other evi- so. But God gave her such a strong dence that the Christian religion is purpose as to silence their opposition, the true religion of God, this great altho some of her friends threatened change in me would be sufficient evi- to have her put to death. dence to prove it.

Narrator: In that case it is very Narrator: Can not you find some- clear that her coming here was a thing like this in the Tariqa?

A TWICE-BORN TURK

Sheikh: As soon compare the sky My bodily death will only be a sleep with the ground. I admit that there by which I shall rest from work in is in the Tariqa of the Sufis a cer- this world, and from which I shall tain amount of partial change in the awake in the Kingdom of Heaven, character of its adherents. That is enjoying eternal life in the heavertly not by the Holy Spirit, but by bur- Jerusalem.

dening their followers with various As for my bodily condition, when exercises and penances, in spite of I was in my country in an exalted which no one finds real satisfaction; position among the Moslems, their but you can always find him afraid reverence being nothing but hypoc- of falling, and of a bad end, and per- risy and flattery, I might have made plexity is his lot at all times. He is much money, but it would have been assailed by doubts and imaginations, with remorse of conscience, which even tho he be of the established used to burn me sometimes like fire.

ones. He will find in himself an in- I was accustomed to spend very clination to fleshly lusts, even while freely upon unholy, sensual pleasures, trying to escape far from them. and I was generally heavily in debt He endeavors to keep at a distance at the end of the month. At present, from sin, for fear of falling into it, I receive only sufficient for the neces- and yet he is attracted by it, and this sities of myself and family, but you causes despair. find me rested in mind, enjoying only A truly regenerated Christian, on allowable pleasures, and sincerely re- the contrary, flees from the flesh and spected by my Christian brethren.

from sin' as man flees from con- As for my family, my wife now suming fire or from the roaring lion, believes that Christ is the greatest of and he hates sin as he hates death, or all the prophets, and she has seen al- rather he regards every sin as death ready many answers to her prayers itself. His special devotion is greater asked in His name. May God con- many times than his former pleasure tinue His work in her heart by His in sins, while he has in his heart great grace, that her faith may be peace and safety from all fears, both built upon a firm foundation. My of this world and the next. God is boy ran away to Syria on two occa- with him, and He is with God, wher- sions, but I trust that God will pre- ever and in whatever condition he vent it happening again. At present may be. "1 can not find any more ap- he is learning the trade of carpenter- propriate illustration of the differ- ing. God is able to guide him to ence between the regenerated Chris- Himself.

tian and the Sufi's self-righteousness I ask our gracious God, in the than the comparison of man as God name of our beloved Savior, to keep created him in His image, with a us stedfast in the true faith, that wooden imitation of a man in whom grace may grow in our hearts more there is no life at all. and more, that we may be enabled to I praise God at every moment for save many of our fellow men for the the joy which I can not express. All Holy Kingdom of Him who is the that I can say is that I have peace Way, the Truth, and the Life. Amen.

and safety, for Christ died for me. THE END

Ibiya-A West African

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, D.O., LL.D. For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa EA]MONG the thousands had been ordained as ruling elders, of native Christians or were teachers, candidates, and with whom I was as- evangelists. The irregular teaching sociated during my made the ordination of some of them life in equatorial West only a far-off possibility, and their A f ric a were many education in English attracted Euromen and women who lived beautiful pean traders, who offered them polives. They held their quiet way in sitions as clerks at wages far beyond the midst of evil that stalks more what the mission could ever give. openly than it dares in Christian These were powerful seductions, to lands, and were pure and upright, which- most of them yielded. In their even tho they were without many of new positions the compulsory (in the "Means of Grace" by which men those days) handling of rum, even if are aided in civilized lands. A few they did not drink it, and the almost of these men were called into promi- inevitable Sunday work, broke their nence, because of their natural abili- good resolutions to maintain Christies. One whose memory I revere tian characters, and they sadly driftbecame the able, devoted, and effi- ed away. Ibiya was one of those cient pastor of a native church. His who resisted all such seductions. name was Ibiya, of Corisco. In the early history of the church From the very beginning of the of Corisco, the missionaries, almost Pre s by t e ri a n Mission in West of necessity, exercised the functions Africa the missionaries worked to of both preaching and ruling elders. raise up a native ministry; but no There was but one church organizaformal arrangements were made; tion on the island, located at the centhere was no regular curriculum; no tral station, Evangasimba, of which stated school; no designated teacher. Each missionary, from among the Rev. J. L. Mackey was pastor. At the employees of his station, or the school assistants, found some one northern and soutnern ends of the island, Elongo and Ugobi, were chapwhom he adopted as a protege, and els in which regular Sunday services were held, and the pastors, Messrs. to whom he gave special instruction. Clemens and Dettler, also were ruling The training was irregular, as to elders in the Evangasimba church.'" time, because of the missionary's many other duties. When I joined When I arrived in r861, Mr. Ibiya the mission, on Corisco Island, in was an elder in the Evangasimba September, 186r, each missionary had "This holding of ruling elderships by the mis· his special protege, some of whom sionaries finally becam~ all evil. resultinr in the abuse of power, church. He had been sent as an tually could not obtain wives. For evangelist to a point, Mbangwe, on them, marriage is indispensable. (I the northern shore of Corisco Bay, never knew, in the mission, an unabout eighteen miles from the island. married native woman, and but one He was married to an unusually bright voluntary male celibate!) The misyoung woman, who had been educa- sion, therefore, paid the "dowry" ted in Mrs. Mackey's Girls' School. price for a number of school-girls, Ibiya had already shown that he had and, as their guardians, allowed decompletely risen above native super- sirable C h r i s t ian young men to stitions and heathen practises, among choose each a wife from these, in which was a secret society for men. case the young woman also assented. The object of this society was the Mr. Ibiya had obtained his wife in government, especiaJly, of women, this way; but her parents' cupidity and the settlement of tribal disputes. was aroused, and they demanded that Knowing that their commands simply he should pay them for their daughas men would not be obeyed, the ter. Thereupon he advised the mismembers shrouded themselves with sion to give away no more wives, but secrecy and oaths, and a claim that to require the Christian young men the society's decrees were dictated by to repay, from their wages, the a spirit, Ukuku. Denial of this be- "dowry" that the mission had given. lief, or exposure of its secrets, was This advice was followed for some followed by instant death. All young years until abuses caused the entire men were initiated into this society, plan to be abandoned. By that time, and when any became a Christian, also, the church law had come into tho the Church required him to operation to the effect that Christian leave the society, it did not require parents should not "sell" their daugha revelation of its secrets. So com- ters into marriage. plete had been Ibiya's break from heathenism, however, that,. of his With an appreciation of the inown accord, he felt he ought to ex- dustrial side of Christianity greater pose the falsity of Ukuku. His life than was then understood by his miswas saved only by the prompt inter- sionary teachers, Ibiya, on his own vention of Messrs. Clemens and suggestion, inaugurated an agricul- Mackey, who had been accorded, by tural community at Mbangwe, where the Benga tribe, positions equal to Christians and others wishing to that of chieftainship. Ibiya was ad- emerge into civilization might escape vised not unnecessarily to antagonize from rum and other temptations of the heathen element, and yielded to trade. A large tract of land was the missionaries' advice. Something secured and diligently planted with was, I think, lost, in the moral effect cacao and palm trees and rubber of his brave action. vines, and here the settlers might work and escape from the inevitable Elder Ibiya showed his protest dishonest debts of the traders' "trust" against custom, also, in another way. system. Natives were obliged to Rich polygamists had so bought up carry their own products to the white young girls in the marriage-market, man, and were forced to take rum that some Christian young men ac- In payment. To such a plan no ob-

jection would now be raised by the saying :"What will you do if I should mission, but in those days the re- go away?" Just what he intended by former Ibiya was criticized by his that I do not know. But, Mr. Ibiya, white teachers for "commercializing" in his prompt, bold, and somewhat himself, consequently this helpful curt manner, took it as "a dare" and plan was abandoned. replied: "Go away, and we Bengas Man y yea r s after Ibiya was will take care of ourselves!" Not licensed as a preacher, and when, be- long after, in r877, Mr. De Heer did cause of deaths and removals to remove to Benita, and Mr. Ibiya was America, the Presbytery of Corisco appointed in charge of the Corisco was about to be without a quorum, church and school, and carried them Mr. Ibiya was ordained to the min- on successfully.

istry, on AprilS, r870, in order to Mr. Ibiya had four sons and save the organic life of the Presby- a daughter. One of the older sons, tery. who was wayward, and had fallen The location of the mission on an into drinking habits, was found dead island had been with the ideal in a ravine not far from his thought that the ocean would be free Mbangwehome. All that was known from the malaria of the mainland; was that he had been drinking with the three stations, Ugobi, for a an employee of the Spanish Adminis- Benga Boys' School; Evangasimba, trator on Elobi Island, and had gont for the church and a girls' school, on a journey with the latter to the and Elongo, for a mainland boys' mainland. That employee testified school, would relieve the sense ot that the young man was drunk, and isolation and afford comforting com- had fallen into the ravine. In his panionship. The educated Christian fatherly sorrow, Mr. Ibiya did not boys would be expected to go as believe that, and charged the em- evangelists to the mainland. But the ployee with having killed his son.

plan failed. The island proved as When the Administrator acquitted malarial as the mainland; the Benga his employee, Mr. Ibiya wrote him young men were not safe among the an indignant letter, and the Spaniard other tribes; and the mainland boys, punished him by exiling him to when they returned to their homes, prison on the island of Fernando Po.

were "prophets without honor." So The mission appointed me to write a the plan was abandoned. Ugobi's respectful letter there to the Gover- Benga school was combined with nor, who paroled Mr. Ibiya; and the Elongo; later, Evangasimba was pastor then diligently used his liberty transferred to Benita; leaving only in evangelistic itinerations on that Mr. and Mrs. De Heer at the one island. A year later he was released.

station, Elongo. Their removal, After Mr. Ibiya's death, the Cor- later, to Benita, was hastened by an isco affairs were carried on by na- act of Mr. Ihiya's. Mr. De Heer tives from Benita, until his youngest had preached an earnest sermon, son, Bodumba, completed his theo- urging the Bengas to more active logical course; and since his ordina- work, rehuking them for seeming to tion, he has continued his father's depend on white aid, and closing by work.

Progress In

BY REV. J. KRUIDENIER, CAIRO Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1889 ~I NTERNAL peace and A campaign for raising money to aid external war have both Turkey was encouraged and wealthy Christians contributed, but beyond , resulted in good to the this no general movements were up- held. By Turkey's defeats men's cause of missions in minds became perplexed and many wondered not only at the pohtical Egypt. The disturbed course of events but also at their re- ligious significance. Moslem fatalism – condition which Lord faced the query: "What is becoming of Islam? Hath God forsaken the Kitchener found in the country, when Moslem? Victory no longer follows our religion." In consequence, en- Christians, and even Protestants, quirers of all kinds improved tllis state of doubt to learn for them- feared to speak their minds because selves.

of a universal dread of what Mos- No year in the history of lhe Egypt mission has found so many Moslems lem animosity might do, has been attending religious meetings or more willing to receive instruction in tlte followed by a regime requiring the word of God. Special meetings have been held for them at Assiut at burial of past differences. Both Minia, at Beni Suef, at Cairo, at Bilbeis, at Benboa, at Tanta, at Alex- Christians and Moslems have agreed andria and at smaller places. There have been audiences of considerable to live in peace. The firmness of the size gathered by the itinerant mis-_ sion .workers, Bible classes have been hand at the helm, the natural incli- taught at certain centers, scores upon scores of Moslems have been dealt nation of the people to yield rather with at hospitals, clinics, mission schools have been increasingly visited than incur displeasure, and the well- and individual missionaries have been privileged to meet many earnest known fruits of peace has brought seekers after truth who have visited them, like Nicodemus of old. In on a period of tranquility and of mu- some instances, this eagerness of some has stirred up the animosities tual respect. This has afforded an of others, and in Cairo and other centers a broken seat or pane of opportunity for true Christian ser- vice which the work in Egypt needed and improved. The attitude of Mos- lem, Copt and Protestant has in con- sequence been one of mutual re- spect and forbearance and has in many instances lead to a preaching and a hearing of the Gospel.

At the same time, events in Morocco and the war in Tripoli, followed so rapidly by the war in the Balkans, has affected Egypt not a little. Deep sympathies were stirred for their co- religionists, cooperation was hoped for and was planned among the Mos- lems, but the same firm hand that had initi~ted peace now maintained neutrality and thus guaranteed pros- perity to the· dwellers on the Nile.

glass has occasionally testified to the The Church Missionary Society, the presence of would-be disturbers of Egypt General Mission, the Nile Mis- the peace, yet the size of the crowds _ sion Press and others working in that have come to hear, their interest the field, as well as the American, in the questions under dispute, their United Presbyterian Mission have improved behavior over former years, participated in these signs of God's and the individual hearts deeply af- blessings. Weare encouraged to be- fected, all bespeak the Father's solici- lieve that God will visit Egypt with tude for His lost children. new signs and wonders and will yet This work is witnessed to by all fulfil His saving promise, "Blce'sed mission-agencies operating the field. be Egypt, my people."

An African View of the Gospel BY FRANK L. MYONGO, HAN]I, BENITO, WEST AFRICA A Native Pastor in the American Presbyterian Mission URELY God is here, two of his wives and live with only IU.- -.and He is working one. He said: "I am going to follow S great things among the Jesus Chtist. I can have nothing more to do with any but one wife." people of this nation. He told me that if these women did not soon find men to marry them he Altho this church is would let them go free without ask- weak and small, God is ing anything back for what he had paid for them. in it, using the weak instrument of Another man, by the name of His people in this church, working Agande, told me last March that he had given up three of his wives, one wonders by raising dead souls into of them with three children, which are a great treasure to the natives. spiritual life, gradually dispelling He said: "What more do I lack to be able to unite with the church?" darkness and ignorance. His employment is connected with the rum business-as a clerk in a fac- One man, who was a great drunk- tory handling rum-so I told him he must first abandon handling that ard, a vicious person, and had two deadly stuff.

wives, became a Christian. He sep- Christ Himself is, indeed, working through His light-bearers, and conarated from one and remained with ditions are changing. What joy and courage fill my heart to see these the other as his lawful wife. He people coming to Christ for the sal- vation of their souls. God is using gave up his evil habits, and is now His servants to save them.

an elder of the church, preaching at Nume congregation. He has com- pleted building a house of worship at his own expense, and he preaches without salary. His name is Majoka.

Another man, whose name is Jombe, was a polygamist. At the beginning of last year he called his three wives to the public house and told them that he had finished with his old life and must separate from

Christianity is Doing

the World * BY THE LATE SAMUEL B. CAPEN, M.A., LL.D. Formerly President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions INETEEN hundred Let us look a little more closely at tJN years ago the fulness what Christianity has wrought. ., of time had come and 1st. Respect for Woman and her the world was ready Place in the World.-In nations where Christianity has not entered, for God's mp.ssage of woman has everywhere been de- graded and has been used as a slave I.. . love through Jesus and a drudge. It was once thought impossible for her to be taught, and . Christ. His life here that it would be easier to teach a cow to read. Girl babies were often was brief, only thirty-three years thrown away as of no value. If you asked a father how many children from Bethlehem to Calvary, and but he had, he would simply give the number of his boys. Woman was three of these were spent in His pub- kept in ignorance, and therefore was the more superstitious. One of our lic ministry; yet that life and that former missionaries to China, the Honorable Chester A. Holcomb, who death have changed the world. The afterward became Secretary of Lega- tion for the United States in Peking, nations then were full of selfishness, told me of his many conferences with Chinese officials upon this point. He licentiousness, and corruption; human contended that China would never be a great nation until she began to life was considered of little worth; it educate her girls. Now that great nation has begun to do this very was a world ruled by the law of thing. . . . force and not by the law of love. Where Christianity has entered The new message of Christ told us there is a growing recognition that woman is the equal of man in every of the Father's infinite love and of way. She should have the same legal rights. In the United States His eagerness to forgive every wan- she has now equal chances in educa- tion; the vast majority of teachers dering child who would return to in our public schools, and the presi- Him. It was a message of hope and dents of some of our largest col- leges, are educated women. Not cheer, it called all men to a life of long ago a woman professor in one of our women's colleges was called holiness. He told us that true great- to be the Professor of Philosophy in one of the greatest universities for ness consisted in service, and that there could be an immortal life of joy and of blest progress forever.

The years that we spend here, He further told us, were not the real life, but only the preparation for it; the real life is beyond. . . .

Nineteen centuries have gone by, and now England, Germany, and the United States, the three great Protes- tant nations, rule very nearly 600,000,- 000 people, and 82 per cent. of the ter- ritory of the world is controlled by Christian nations. The English lan- guage is becoming the universal lan- guage in the, student world, and Eng- lish literature is the language oj morality and of the noblest ideals.

• Extracts from an address at the Cente<nary of America's Christian connection with India, delivered in Bombay, 'Dr. Capen died in Shanghai on January 29, 1914.

men in the whole world. Where the wonderful work of John and Christianity has entered, universal re- Charles Wesley, and how under God spect is paid to her. In the stations they spiritually saved Great Britain of elevated railroads in Boston you in a' critical hour in her history. But will find this notice posted, "Women who molded the Wesleys and made first, please"; it is generally under- them what they were but their stood that they are to be given the mother? This is a truth in tens of best seats. The first institution God thousands of homes to-day in every made was the home, and woman as Christian land. . . . the mother of the children is the center of it. Christianity has made her 3rd. The Sacredness of the Sabthe queen there. • . . No wonder bath Day.-Every nation has had women love Christ, for it is His days of worship for its gods, but teaching which has lifted them to where there is no Christ these days their present proud position of in- are holidays, or days for revelling fluence. Perhaps there is no part of and debauchery. Christianity teaches missionary work of greater value that we are to "remember the Sabthan that which the Christian women bath day to keep it holy." Christ of the West have helped to do in honored the day by entering the creating homes for their sisters in sanctuary and considering the truths other lands. I use the word "create" of revelation; He made it a day of advisedly, as there is no home of mercy and of good to others. We the highest type except where the need the Sabbath day for our physireligion of Christ has come. Look cal needs; it is a necessity written at Grecian and Roman civilization by the Almighty in the constitution at its best, and see how degraded of every man. Some very interesttheir women were. When the re- ing experiments were made a little ligion of Christ came, the contrast time ago by a professor in one of was so great that a pagan orator of our great universities, in which, with the second century said, "What wo- the aid of a microscope, it was men these Christians have I" Chris- shown conclusively that it requires tianity gives to women her proper a certain number of hours to restore place, and her power, exhibited in the brain cell to its proper size and home life, is helping to re-shape the condition after severe fatigue. A nations. night's rest alone is not sufficient; there must be added to the rest of 2nd. Following what Christianity the night a longer cessation in order has done for woman, let us notice, as that the brain may recuperate. It almost a part of it, the Sacredness of has been well said, "We find the Marriage.-Where the principles of Fourth Commandment i nth e Christ have never entered, the mar- twentieth century echoed from the riage tie has been lightly held; plural biological laboratory with tremendous wives, wives of inferior rank, wives emphasis." Still more do we need kept and used as slaves, have been the Sabbath Day for our intellectual and spiritual needs; we need a day the rule. We know the wretched- when we can forget the field and ness and the degradation of it all. the shop and can cultivate that Compare this with Christian mar- which has to do with the deeper riage, one woman with one man, as things of life. No man can omit e~uals, as partners together for joy this without certainly and steadily or for sorrow, for better or for retrograding. One of the judges of worse, to the end of life. There our Massachusetts Supreme Court is love and devotion each for the has given splendid testimony by conother, a love which does not hesitate fessing that he, like many other pronor falter even unto death. The fessional men, had at one time in his mightiest force in the world to-day life given up the habit of going to is the Christian home. We know

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

church, thinking that nature and We confess with shame the imbooks would minister to him suffi- mense use that is still made of alcociently; but he declares that he be- holic drinks and the great amount came conscious under these condi- exported to curse other nations. In tions of a deterioration of his moral fact, intemperance has been parnature as he dwelt aloof from the ticularly a sin of the West, and you Church and its privileges, and he at in the East have been comparatively once resumed churchgoing. free from the evil. We recognize that commercial interests in America I have dwelt at such length on the and England have curst Africa and Christian Sabbath because it has been many parts of Asia with the blightthe institution that has had so much ing effects of alcohol in various to do in making the British Empire forms; it is a reproach to us, and we and America great. It is the very do not hesitate here and everywhere bulwark of our liberties. Destroy to speak our severest words of conthe sacredness of that day, let it demnation. But the moral forces of become what such days are in non- the nation are arrayed against the Christian nations, and the doom of saloon, and it is being treated more both Great Britain and America and more as an outlaw and a conwould be written…. stant peril. Even since I was a boy 4th. Duty of Personal Purity.-It there has been an almost complete revolution in social customs. The was Christ Who first laid supreme Christian Endeavor Convention, in emphasis not only upon the outer its session last July, declared as its conduct, but also upon the inner motto, "A saloonless United States thought. His word was, "Blessed in 1920," which will be the three hunare the pure in heart, for they shall dredth anniversary of the landing of see God." He taught the world that the Pilgrim Fathers on Plymouth the sin of lust is in the thought of Rock. the heart, and that this comes before the outward act. "As a man 6th. Public Schools. – Wherever thinketh, so is he." We know the Christ comes and the Spirit of God awful immoralities permitted in non- changes the human soul, there is not Christian lands-not only permitted, only a spiritual but a mental change. but often encouraged in the name of Men's intellectual faculties are quick- ened, and they desire knowledgereligion. No man can be a Chris- knowledge of God first, and then tian, however, who does not strive knowledge of God's world and of for a clean heart and a pure life…. truth in every realm. Even under Christianity is a religion of purity. the Mosaic law children were to be taught the things that were best. 5th. Duty of Temperance.-I have Christianity has laid new emphasis especial reference to alcoholic liquors. upon intelligence. As immortal souls, Intemperance is one of the curses it teaches us that we are bound to make the most of ourselves. Wherof the world. Wherever Christian- ever Christianity enters, there you ity enters it strikes a blow at this find at once the beginning of the evil and urges total abstinence for school and the college. Certainly the individual. There have been tre- ill a republic like the United States, mendous gains in public sentiment where all men have the ballot, it during the last few years. Saloons must of necessity be an intelligent are being more and more abolished; ballot if the country is to stand. An several States in America have en- ignorant ballot is a dangerous baltire prohibition legislation, and there lot. . . are many others where in large portions of the State no saloons are per- The spirit of Christianity, which mitted. Where it is not possible to is the spirit of brotherhood, is in abolish the saloon, the law hedges it about by greater restrictions, and permits less personal profits.

them all, giving to the humblest and either great or Christian unless it the poorest equal opportunities with fully respects the rights of the poorthe child from the home of wealth. est and the meanest. Christ has President Wilson' has recently said, come with His message of good-will "I should be afraid to go forward if and love and hope and cheer; He has I did not believe that there lay at taught that every man is brother to the foundation of all our schooling every other man. This truth· is as and of all our thought the incom- broad as the world; it does not conparable and unimpeachable Word of fine itself to the needy in one's own God." country. There is something greater now than "nationalism"; it is "int"er- 7th. Respect for the Weak and the nationalism" ; and the missionary Poor.-The power of Christianity is learned the meaning of this word seen in a wonderful way in the love before the statesman. and the care which are shown to the sick and dependent. Take the 9th. Civil and Religious Liberty.- directory of any great city, and you The history of the past has everywill be surprized at the solid columns where shown the tendency of the strong to oppress the weak and the that give the names of the religious, poor. It is the religion of Christ philanthropic, and humanitarian 50- which has taught that God made of deties. There are many hundreds one blood all the nations of the earth; that white men and black men, red of these. There are institutions to men and yellow .men are all alike provide a home for the orphan, for His children. All men are brothers, whatever their condition, and are to the poor, and for the insane; there be treated as such. The Sermon on are hospitals for the sick, free to all the Mount laid the foundation for who are in need. The prisoner also democracy. The wonderful letter of is kindly cared for, even his con- St. Paul to Philemon shows that in finement is regarded no . longer the Kingdom of God there can be recognized no such position as that merely as a punishment for wrollg of master and slave, but that all done, but as a means of reclaiming alike stand on the same level as him from his sin and bringing him Christ's free men. . . . Wherever back again to society as a better man. Christianity goes, there is awakened This law of love, which is the l~w of this spirit of a common manhood and a passionate desire for liberty of Christ, cares also for the dumb conscience and personal freedom. Coupled with this, there is always animals; it makes any abuse of them a recognition of the duty of obea criminal act, and provides humanely dience to all righteous law and of for those that are suffering. Christ's loyalty to government. . . . While the interest in the sick and the needy preaching of Christianity has natur- ally set men free to think for themwhen upon earth is being repeated selves, and led them to struggle wherever His Name is spoken. He toward better conditions everywhere, yet, to the credit of our missionaries Who took the children in His arms it should be said that they have al- ways taught the Christian's duties of and blest them is seeing that same patience and charity. Some day spirit manifested in every Christian oppression ot every kind will cease, land. and Christ's message, that greatness consists not in wealth or power or 8th. Where Christ comes there is position, but in service for others, Opposition to all Forms of Cruelty, will be everywhere triumphant. Oppression and Slazlery.-In non- Christian lands the poor have always suffered at the hands of the rich and strong. Might has perpetrated every form of wickedness, and human SUffering has called out to heaven for relief. No man, how- ever, can be a Christian and not he kind and considerate to others. It is equally true that no nation can be

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

loth. Christianity is everywhere a tremendous business or it could not changing Social Conditions.-There afford any such sums for publicity. is always growth and progress in a These college students were asked vital Christian life, whether it be of to name some of the big concerns the individual or the nation. Where which are so familiar to the Ameri- Christianity enters there can be no can public through their advertising, and the speaker promised to tell in stagnation, but development and bet- what kind of religious work the head terment in all social conditions. The of that concern was engaged. It was class system and the spirit of caste most impressive to find how many must give way, as Christ bids every of the greatest leaders in the busiman to work out the best that is in ness world were active in the Church him. As Christianity becomes su- of Christ. Last June, when the preme in national life, all forms of advertising men had their annual injustice are abolished, the hours and meeting in the city of Baltimore, conditions of labor are made more twenty-seven of the pulpits were ochumane, and a fair wage is paid. cupied by these business men on the Justice is coming to be the dominant morning of the following Sabbath. note, and employers and employees During their convention members alike recognize their mutual obliga- of the American Medical Associa- tion recently supplied the pUlpits for tions. Child labor is being reduced, a hundred churches in Minneapolis and as rapidly as possible will be and the adjoining city of St. Paul. abolished altogether. The child The Christian laymen in business and should be educated, not only for its the professions are everywhere comown sake but in order that thereby ing to the front as preachers of civic it may eventually be of the greatest righteousness. service to the nation. Christ's rule of doing unto others what we would 12th. It is important to remember have others do unto us is binding in that in the United States more and the business world. The one talent more Christian men are bei1J,g elected or more which God gives to every to Places of Public Trust.-All one of us is to be used, not hidden, parties or groups of men hesitate to and Christianity is everywhere creat- nominate for the highest positions ing the social conditions which make men of immoral or doubtful habits. possible such development and The present Administration in progress. 'Illashington is a fine illustration of this. President Wilson, the Vice- lIth. Christianity is changing the President, and the Secretary of State Business W orld.-The influence of are all elders in the Presbyterian Christianity is being felt increasingly Church. The Secretaries of Comin the business world, and a large merce, War, and the Treasury, and proportion of the most successful the Attorney-General are Episcobusiness men in the United States palians. The Secretary of the Navy are active workers in the Christian is a Methodist, and the Postmaster- Church. Supreme, sometimes al- General a Baptist. There have been most brutal, selfishness· is giving in recent years great efforts to purify place to cooperation and to the sub- the government in many of our stitution of the "Golden Rule in cities, which has been too often corplace of the rule of gold." To quote rupt. In almost every case the leadfrom another, "Big business is nearly ers in municipal reform have been always real religion." This was Christian men. tested recently before an audience of over four hundred bright college The same Christian character is students. Any firm that carries full- seen also in the public men of Great page advertisements in many maga- Britain. . . . From King and Presizines at a cost of $4,clOO for a single insertion in one magazine, must do dent, through the various grades of

officials of both England and the "war against war" until it is driven United States, Christian men are from the earth. . . . more and more in the places of power and influence. The present effort for a permanent arbitral court and for world peace 13th. Christianity also Works Stead- is an effort to make our Christianity ily for Better International Relations. practical to every nation. When we -It opposes war and pleads for the make Christianity more and more settlement of all international disputes dominant in our national policies, by courts of arbitration. Individuals then will every missionary have his no longer settle personal disputes by power and influence doubled, barriers dueling, but in the courts and before and hates will be removed, and the the magistrates. Christianity de- angels' song of nineteen centuries clares that difficulties among nations ago, "Peace on earth, good-will to must be settled in the same way. men," will be changed from prophecy There is no finer illustration of what into history. Christianity can do than the objectlesson presented by the United States 14th. Unconscious Infiuence.-We and Canada. For nearly one hun- must not fail to notice what we may fairly caIl the unconscious influence dred years these two nations, with of Christianity, which, tho working a boundary line three thousand indirectly, is permeating society miles long, without a gunboat or everywhere. In the United States fortification, have lived in perfect great gifts for hospitals and for peace. It is an object lesson of every form of philanthropic work what will be possible all over the are coming from men, some of whom world when Christianity has its full are not nominally Christians, but power. Then it will be possible to who yet are influenced by the unstop the present fearful waste of selfish spirit which Jesus Christ money and of men in preserving the brought into the world. The fact is armed peace of the world. that with us now many rich men are almost ashamed to die unless either In contrast with the condition be- before their death or in their wills tween the United States and Canada, they do something liberal for the note the awful conditions in Europe world; if they fail to do this there to-day and the craze for militarism. is a tendency to bitterness at their Alfred Noyes, the gifted English neglect of a great obligation. The poet, has exprest the thought that spirit of Christianity is silently per- England, France, and Germany are meating the national life. A leper throwing their billions into a bottom- asylum was recently opened in less pit. The pity of it all is that the Tokyo. There was a thoughtful humanity of Europe is crying for Buddhist visitor at the opening who bread, and for the bread of life, and said, "Our people are clever, and Europe can not spare the money for they can argue for their Buddhism either. As things are going now, as well as your missionaries can the're will soon be no money for the argue for their Christianity, but they relief of poverty, for the working have no argument to bring against class no education or insurance, for this kind of Christianity." the aged no pensions; nothing for fighting tuberculosis or other dis- Among Christian men there is a eases, for decent homes, for culture, growing conception of the meaning but all for militarism. The joyful of "stewardship"; in fact, it is givthought is that the churches and the ing place in many minds to a new Christian spirit in all these lands word, "partnership." Too many are fighting desperately this warlike men in the past have started with a spirit; leagues of Christian' men in wrong idea, believing that their England and Germany and the money was their own, and that it United States are being formed to was entirely optional with them

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

whether they gave or not. When felt a jar as the world spins on its asked for a gift for foreign missions axis, or sweeps round the sun? Has they treated your request as they anyone ever heard any creak of the would one to buy a ticket for a lec- machinery that lifts the tides? So, ture or concert, as a matter simply many of the spiritual forces are of personal choice or inclination. silent, but we see their results, real, But now more and more men are definite, and of supreme importance.

beginning to see that they are not Of course we realize that in the the real owners of anything, but only nations where Christianity has made trustees under God of all they have. its greatest progress there still exist This is a difference almost as great enormous evils; intemperance and as that between light and darkness. the social evil prevail in all their The question is not, "How much of awful forms; slums are found in the mine shall I give," but, "What part cities; and wicked men make money of the Lord's money, and time, and at the expense of others. Neverthe- talents shall I keep for myself." It less, where Christianity is at work i~ not what is given but what is left there is always a constant protest that measures the gift from God's against all such evils. An aroused pub- standpoint. He could convert the lic conscience, which hates wrong, is world without human help, but He ceaseless in urging efforts to restrict has chosen to take men into partner- and finally to remove every evil. The ship with Himself in the greatest great leaders of public thought are work in the world. In asking money more and .more on the side of right- for missions we are inviting men to eousness, and in its irrepressible con- go into partnership with God in the flict against evil the good is steadily work which brought Christ into the and irresistibly gaining. The nation world and to the Cross. It is this that is living in the spirit of Christ new conception of stewardship which is on the winning side, for His has changed and is changing the truth is yet to rule the world. Chris- lives of thousands of men. tianity alone can make a nation really 15th. There is not time to cover great. What history has proved in what we sometimes call the "By- the past will be true in all the future.

products" of Missions.-I refer to Christianity is the only superhuman only one as of special interest to the religion given by God in the person students of the world. Foreign mis- of Jesus Christ to save the world.

sionaries have made large contribu- It is the missionary more than any tions to various branches of science other man who has changed the -geography, philology, botany, course of history and altered the zoology, etc. To quote from Pro- map of the nations….

fessor Agassiz, one of the world's In the whole history of the past greatest scientists, "Few are aware century there is nothing so magnifi- how much we owe our missionaries, cent as the missionary story. In the both for their intelligent observation majesty of its conception, in the of facts and for their collections of heroism of its leaders, in the great- specimens. We must look to them ness of its results, it stands without not a little for aid in our efforts to a peer. Material growth, great in- advance future science." Every mis- ventions, progress in science and art, sionary station has been well called are as nothing compared with this "a scientific observatory." mighty work born in the heart of Such are some of the changes that God and given to His children to Christianity is producing in the work out in all the earth; other world. Its influence is often silent, things may be forgotten, but the but it is none the less real; some of triumphs of missions carried on in the mightiest forces in the material the name of Jesus Christ will outlive world are silent. Has anyone ever the centuries.

OF BEST

SUMMER CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF MISSION-STUDY OON after the dawn There are now 14 of these schools, with an aggregate enrolment last mS of the twentieth cen- year of more than 4,000. tury something new was inaugurated in the In 1907 the first Woman's Sum- way 0 f missionary mer-school of Home Missions was methods-the holding held at Silver Bay. This, too, of summer conferences was marked by God's blessing, and schools for the study of missions and the next year it was reand missionary methods. peated at East Northfield. Other schools have followed in rapid The Missionary Education Move- succession, until now there are 9, at ment began it in July, 1902, when in which 4,542 women were definitely response to a call to those interested registered last year for the study of in the training of leaders for mis- home missions. At the popular meetsionary work in the Sunday-school ings in the evening the attendance and Young People's Societies, 160 was very much larger. It is worthy delegates gathered for a ten days' of note that in some of the more reconference at Silver Bay, on Lake cently established Women's Summer- George. This proved so helpful that schools the study of both home and the next year it waS repeated, with foreign missions is included. 477 delegates in attendance, and a second conference was held for work- Since the formation of the Layers in the South, at Lookout Moun- men's Missionary Movement, the tain. The third year a third confer- men, too, have had their summer ence was added at Winona Lake, in training school, beginning with the Indiana. Since then the number has year 19II, at Lake Geneva, Wis- rapidly increased. Last year nine consin. Tho not large, this has been conferences were held in the United wonderfully inspiring and helpful, States and Canada, under the aus- last year about 125 leaders being pices of the Movement, with a total present from the Middle States. This registration of 1,622, and this sum- year they are planning for at least mer three new ones will be added. The idea has also spread across the 300 delegates. sea. "Such conferences are now held In addition to these interdenomi- in Great Britain, Germany, Den- mark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzer- national conferences and schools, land," says Mr. Harry S. Myers, one many others are held each summer of the secretaries of the Movement, in different parts of the country un- "and all have grown out of the con- der denominational auspices. Some ferences we hold in this country." of them are exclusively missionary. others only partially so; but in all In July, 1904, in order to meet the special emphasis is laid on the sub- need for trained leaders for classes ject, and the attendance is large and studying the text-books of the United enthusiastic. Study of Foreign Missions Courses, the first Woman's Summer-school of If we include the twelve summer Foreign Missions was held at East conferences of the Young- Women's Northfield, Massachusetts, with 212 Christian Association, the College delegates enrolled. It proved such a Young Men's Conferences, the large success that the next year there were number of popular Chautauquas, the many camp-meetings and denomina- 335 delegates, and new schools were tional state and sectional assemblies opened at Winona and Chautauqua. which have mission study and mis- sionary addresses on their programs, A LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT LAKE GENEVA, WISCONSIN it will be seen that the number The expenses connected with atreached by the missionary message tendances at these conferences have during the summer months runs up been reduced to a minimum. No- where can vacations, with equal adinto the thousands. vp,ntages, be had at such a low figure. An Ideal VacatioD "At the Lake Geneva Conference, the "These summer conferences are expense for the five days will not great," exclaimed the president of exceed $12.50," says the Layman's the County Sunday-school Associa- Missipnary M ovemmt. "This in- tion not long ago. "They do a lot chIdes every expense from Chicago for missions and provide ideal vaca- and return, i.e., railway fare, boat tions besides." fare, board, lodging, and a registra- From the beginning the promo- tion fee of $2.00. It is cheaper than ters of these conferences have had staying at home for some men, and to this dual idea in mind. The sites all it is worth many times more than have been chosen largely because of its cost. Men get things at this con- their exceptional advantages as at- ference that money will pot buy."

tractive vacation centers, and many At Silver Bay the entire cost, ex- of them are far-famed for their clusive of traveling expenses, is beauty. Mountain, hillside, lake, and .$20.00. This includes lodging, board ocean afford every variety of out- at the hotel, enrolment · in study- door life, and tennis courts, running classes taught by experts, and partici- tracks, baseball diamonds, boat and pation in all the privileges of the bath houses, and swimming piers pro- conference grounds. Where else vide for the fullest possible enjoy- could a ten days' outing at a sum- ment. mer hotel be had for this stlm?

In the preparation of the programs, The combination of rest and recre- too, the vacation idea has not been ation with eqtlipment for service and overlooked. The afternoons are kept fellowship with God, makes a strong free for rest and recreation, and appeal to Christian workers, and the there are carefully arranged sched- attendance is growing l<j.rger eVery ules of hikes, excursions, athletic year. The thorougl1ll Christiqp. at- contests on land and water, and de- mosphere of these 'schools in the nominational social gatherings. woods," the association with those

of like purpose in life, and the per- sions in all churches that have sent sonal contact with the great leaders delegates. Our best mission-study in the Lord's army, make them ideal. class leaders and those actively at "It is a wonderful thing to live for work introducing missionary instruc- ten days in a Christian community tion into the Sunday-school are, in where no one smokes, no one drinks, the great majority of cases, leaders and everything is run on a thorough- who have had training at some sum- ly Christian basis," said ex-Congress- mer-school. It is true also that quite man Bennet, at Silver Bay last sum- a number of our newly appointed mer. "I had always imagined what missionaries have received inspira- a joy it would be to live under such tion in these assemblies." – The conditions, but I never expected to American Board.

realize it this side of heaven. I shall "If the hundreds of women at the try to be here next year." summer-schools of missions could be Do the Conferences Pay? multiplied like leaves there would be no trouble in enlisting women for Do they pay? Let these testimo- missions. Every woman goes home a nials, gathered from many sources, live wire."-Mrs. Helen Barr e t t give the ;:tnswer: Montgomery.

"Representation at these summer "My own home church (Brown conferences has transformed the life Memorial . Presbyterian, Baltimore, of my church."-A pastor. Md.) has had new relations to the "The second summer conference missionary enterprise as a result of of the Layman's Missionary Move- 'sending two of us to Silver Bay in ment is the biggest single factor that 1903, and other delegates to summer has entered my life except my con- conferences each succeeding year.

version and my call to preach."-A · For myself, I am glad to testify pastor. ·that the conference at Silver Bay in "Twenty-five delegates from my 1903 gave me my first clear appre- church have attended the various ciation of and consequent interest in summer conferences under the direc- the missionary enterprise, and un- tion of the Missionary Education doubtedly started me in the direction Movement. The result has been that which I have since followed."-B.

eleven of those delegates are now on Carter Millikin, Secretary of the De- the mission field or under appoint- partment of Missionary Education, ment. Five other young men have ·Presbyterian Board.

gone into the Christian ministry, and To these personal testimonies may I feel that the greatest spiritual up- be added the following instances of lift that has ever come to my church churches and individuals that have is directly traceable to these confer- ·been greatly profited by attendance ences."-A pastor. at summer schools: The thing that imprest me most In a Presbyterian church in New of all was the tremendous power of Jerse.y ·the missionary educational the Layman's Movement. Wherever work, and, indeed, all the educa- it can reach men it is bound to set tional work, has been made over as them on fire. Personally, life can a result of the influence of summer never be the same after those days conferences.

at Geneva."-A· missionary. In a Cincinnati, Ohio, suburban "I am continually hearing of the church a great· mission-study cam- profit derived by individuals and paign and other' work has been ac- churches from attending summer complished by delegates that attended conferences."-A Board Secretary. conferences at Lake Geneva, Wis- "We may say in general of the consin.

summer conferences that they have In a St. Louis church remarkable greatly stimulated interest in mis- work has· been done through the

DEPARTMENT· OF BEST METHODS

young people as a result of sending Bra~don, Manitoba, July 2-9. one young man to a conference af Knowlton, Quebec, July 14–21. '!Tinona Lake some years ago. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, July 14–21.

In a Pennsylvania church the wife Wolfville, Nova Scotia, July 24-31. Edmonton, Alberta, July 23-30.

of the pastor has done great things New Campbellton, Cape Breton, August since her attendance at Silver Bay 4–12.

last year. Inquiries concerning these confer- In a Vermont church an aggres- ences may be addrest to the secre- taries of the various Mission Boards, sive and successful immigrant cam- who will be glad to send circulars paign, that enlisted the entire church, and full information concerning has been conducted by one of last them. The enrolment fee is $5.00 summer's delegates to Silver Bay. payable in advance. In aNew Jersey church, the chair- Under the auspices of the Federaman of the missionary committee of the Sunday-school, who is doing a tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign remarkable work among the children, Missions, fourteen summer schools received her inspiration at Silver will be held, as follows: Bay.

Two of the expert leaders sent East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 10from New York to conduct normal 17. classes for stewards in preparation for "The World in Chicago," re- Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. ceived their inspiration at summer- Boulder, Colorado, July 7-14. Mount Hermon, California, July 2()"'25. Los Angeles, California, July 14-18.

schools. Merriam Park, Minnesota, June 17-23. . A Massachusetts girl, who has writ- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. ten one of the most popular mission- Okobiji, Arnold Park, Iowa, July 24– study books, had the whole direction of her life changed through atten- August 2. dance at Silver Bay, and has been Omaha, Nebraska, June 22-29. doing effective work ever since. Wooster, Ohio, August 7-13. Two sisters, who have become ex- Summerland Beach, Ohio, AUg'Ust 9-13. pert mission-study leaders and are in Duluth, Minnesota, June 1()"'17. great demand as teachers of normal Chautauqua, New York, August 22-29. classes, both in their own denomina- Mont Eagle, Tennessee, July 12–17. tion and outside, are shining examples of what summer-schools can do. Information concerning these can At one of the conferences of the be obtained by writing to the denomi- Missionary Education Movement, at- national Woman's Board nearest to tended by 260 delegates, 27 volun- the school. The enrolment fee for teered for the foreign field and 12 for most of them is $I.OO, payable on work in home missions. registration.

Nine summer schools will be held, as follows, under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions: Interdenominational Summer School. Boulder, Colorado. July 7-14. for 1914 East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 17- During the summer of 1914, the 24. Missionary Education Movement will Los Angeles, California. July 12-18. conduct twelve conferences, as fol- St. Paul, Minnesota, June 17-23. lows: Mount Hermon, California, Tuly 2()…25. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. Blue Ridge, North Carolina, June 26- Omaha, Nebraska. June 22–29. July 5. Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. Chautauqua, New York, August 15–21. Asilomar (near Pacific Grove), Califor- nia, July 3-12. For information abo u t t b e s e schools write to the Women's Boards Silver Bay, New York, July 1()"'19. of Home Missions. The enrolment .Estes Park, Colorado, July 17-26. fee in most of them is $I.OO. Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, August 4-13. Whitby, Ontario, July 2-9.

The fourth annual summer con- leaders as delegates to the summer ference of the Layman's Missionary training conferences of the ensuing Movement will be held at Lake Ge- summer.

neva, Wisconsin, July 29-August 3. Money to Send Delegates Application for enrolment may be made through any mission board, or It costs money to go away to by addressing Mr. F. J. Mitchel, school, missionary summer-schools as Field Secretary, Layman's Mission- well as others, and many of those ary Movement, I9 South La Salle who would make the best delegates Street, Chicago, Ill. The enrolment and who would profit most by the fee is $2.00. training, are not able to meet their own expenses. In view of this, the Summer School Alumni Associations Missionary Education Movement "Experience has clearly demon- makes the following suggestions as strated," says the Missionary Educa- to how the money can be secured: tion Movement, "that by far the I. By direct appropriation fron.

largest factor in securing attendance the treasury of the local church or at the summer conferences is the Sunday-school. Experience proves personal work of former delegates." that the money will return to the In view of this, at the meeting of church multiplied manyfold, if not its Board of Managers, at Silver Bay in actual contributions, in the more last July, the Movement resolved to important form of deeper spiritual recommend the formation of Sum- life and the quickening of all the mer-school Alumni Associations in activities of the church.

all cities or centers where there are z. Get individuals who can not go delegates who have attended one or to give money to send a representa- more summer missionary schools, the tive. "Go or send" is a good sum- purpose being to stimulate attend- mer-school slogan.

ance at the summer conferences and 3. If possible, have the delegate extend and conserve their influence in pay a part of his own expense, so the churches at home. that two can be sent instead of one.

The charter-membership in these 4. Have the Sunday-school, Young associations should include all for- People's Society, and the missionary mer delegates to any summer-school, societies of the church unite in send- denominational or interdenomination- ing a delegate.

al, and new delegates be admitted to 5. Where the churches are small, membership as soon as possible after an effort should be made to get the the close of the conference period district, presbyterial, diocesan, or each summer. In addition to re- other similar organization, to send lJ.

unions attended by the members only, delegate, the expense to be met either the Movement recommends the hold- by the organization itself or by small ing of two meeting-s a year, to which subscriptions from the individual other missionary leaders and work- churches.

ers are invited, as follows: 6. In centers where normal mis- I. A meeting- as early as possible sion-study .classes are to be con- in the fall for the organization of the ducted during the year, the members missionary education plan of the of the class could well afford to pay year, including plans for normal mis- the expenses of their leader.

sion-study classes, missionary work A Call to Prayer in the Sunday-school, etc.

z. A second meeting some time The summer conferences of 1914 after January 1st for the purpose of will be truly blest in proportion to reviewing the work of the fall, plan- the amount of earnest prayer that ning for the campaign of the spring, goes up to God for them. Without and especially for enlisting potential much prayer they may have some

OF BEST METHODS

small measure of success, but if they claimed a pastor at a foreign mis- are to yield much fruit and have sionary convention held in Indian- real influence in advancing God's apolis, Indiana, many years ago. "If kingdom, it must be through the it were possible, I would take a prayers of God's children-those who bottle of it home; I would get my go and those who stay at home. people together and seat them in a The announcements of all the sum- long, semicircular row; then I would mer missionary schools make a strong pass along the whole line, and, care- appeal for prayer. The following fully uncorking the bottle under the definite petitions have been culled nostrils of each, give him the enjoy- from them and arranged, as follows: ment and stimulus of the delicious Before the Conferences Open and vivifying fragrance." Later in the day Doctor Arthur Pray that all the plans of the conferences may be in accordance with Mitchell gave a recipe for carrying the will of God. home "Bottles of enthusiasm" that may prove helpful to summer-school Pray that the leaders and speakers may be directed by the Holy Spirit delegates. in the preparation of their messages. "It is true," he said, "that fervid Pray that the delegates may be emotion, like effervescence from the wisely chosen. mixture of chemical elements, is necessarily evanescent. It must be While the Conferences are in Session enjoyed in the few minutes while it Pray that in every session the lasts, and its permanent value is in presence and power of God may be . the effects it has produced on our felt. souls. The enthusiasm can not be Pray that all In attendance- bottled up and carried home, but the speakers, leaders, and delegates- elements from which it was gener- may have· new visions of God and of ated can be. These are the facts duty. concerning the needs of unevangel- Pray that all delegates may have ized men and our duty in regard to responsive hearts to meet new calls them. When you get these you have for time, money, and service. something that will keep-something Pray that such delegates as God you can carry home. Going before may call to the mission field may re- your people with these well secured spond with joy and rej oicing. and prepared, just as the chemist Pray that the churches at home goes before his class with his retorts may be aroused to their missionary and crucibles and the dull salts he privileges and opportunities. puts into them, you can generate the After the Conferences enthusiasm you want just as he does the fragrant or pungent gases that Pray that the close of the confer- bubble up under his glass receiver, ences may mark the beginning of more and can be smelled or inhaled by his prayerful and effective effort for auditors. Knowledge, stirred up with world-wide evangelization. appropriate appeal, will always gener- Pray that the delegates may be ate enthusiasm." able to carry home and transmit to others something of what they have Summer Conference Echo Meetinlrs gained. The influence of the summer con- Pray that new interest may be ferences and schools can be greatly extended by the holding of Echo stirred up in the churches, and that Meetings when the delegates get any new work inaugurated may be home. These may be either union abundantly successful.

Bottles of Enthusiasm meetings, addrest by all delegates "0 that this enthusiasm could be who attended any summer-school, or bottled up and carried away!" ex- meetings of individual churches or

organizations which sent delegates. In sary. Certain methods, if observed almost all communities, there is am- by either the novice or the profesple room for both. sional reporter, will insure more or less adequate reports of what occurs. A recent number of The Horne One sees what he is looking for. The Mission Monthly tells of a "Post- newspaper reporter goes after news, Summer-school Meeting" held by a and gets it because he is looking for Woman's Home Missionary Society it, and knows it when he sees it. on the return of its delegates from Special ability is only acquired by exthe summer-school at Boulder, Colo- perience, but rightly directed efforts· rado, last July, that might well serve always produce results, even with as a model. amateurs.

Plans were made for the meeting The privilege one enjoys as a delelong in advance. Before leaving home gate should be shared with others. A the delegates were asked to keep the delegate is a debtor, both to the conmeeting in mind and be on the out- ference which he attends and to those look for anything that would be of whom he represents. The least he special interest to the society. The can do is to be a willing and result was a fine program, full of efficient carrier of the conference inspiration and profit. It included an immigrant story read at Boulder by message to those unable to enjoy its Mrs. D. B. Wells; talks on the new privileges directly. In order to do this study-books and plans for holding he should know something about the mission-study classes by several character, operation, and purpose of ladies; thoughts gleaned from "The conferences in general, and of the Twilight Hour with Missionaries"; one he is to attend in particular. and stories told by two children who had heard them in "The Children's I. Purpose.-Every successful con- Story-Hour." A social hour fol- ference has a well-defined object, for lowed, during which the members dis- the realization of which details are cust what they had heard. It was planned long in advance. Frequently pouring with rain, yet there were the central idea is exprest in a motto, fifty in attendance. such as "The W orId ,for Christ." The chief things a delegate is expected THE DELEGATE'S REPORT to derive from attendance are infor- mation and inspiration. BY PROFESSOR ROBERT T. HILL, PH.D., 2. Program.-To realize its pur- UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N.Y. pose, every such gathering has a backbone, so to speak, namely, a pro- Formerly Educational Secretary, International Com- gram, which includes speakers, sub- mittee of the Young Men's Christian j ects, and other details. This is Association. usually printed, so that the delegate knows what to expect in advance. "There is so much to tell that I don't know what to say, nor where to 3. M ethods.-Conventions and conbegin." ferences vary in character, largely through various methods used to at- In this vague way the delegate fre- tain the objects in view. Sectional quently starts his conference report conferences and group meetings are to the "home folks." By the time devoted chiefly to detailed discussion the meeting is over everyone agrees of facts, methods, principles, and with him. policies of work; large gatherings are usually inspirational. Whatever the Occasionally the trouble is with the method, every song, address, session, conference, but usually the delegate and detail fits into the general is to blame, unintentionally, of course. scheme. He has conscientiously endeavored to absorb every detail of the conference, 4. Place.-A jewel is incomplete but vainly attempts to condense his without its setting; so is a great connewly acquired information into satisfactory form.

This is unfortunate and unneces-

19I4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST

ference or convention. One can not be able to express the great central fully appreciate it without personally conference theme with all its implicaor indirectly seeing and appreciating tions is not always an easy task. But the great hall, church, park, or con- even the amateur should carry away ference grounds, and the general sur– with him the fundamental and domiroundings of nature or city, and nant idea, the heart and soul of the breathing their atmosphere. conference. Moreover, he should be able to tell about it clearly. 5. Leaders.-To adequately appreciate such gatherings some knowledge 5. Conclusions.-Few large gatherof those upon whom the responsibili- ings adj ourn without the adoption or ties are resting is very desirable. presentation, in some form, of cer- Conventions reflect the thoughts, tain principles, plans, or methods of hopes, desires, ambitions, work, and work which reptesent the best judgideals of their leadership. To appre- ment and desires of those present tv– ciate the one is, largely, to under- ward realizing the purposes for which stand the other. they are assembled. These the dele- gates should know and understand as 6. Attendance.-Every conference fully as possible, in order that his rehas its own peculiar character, but it port may be purposeful and complete. is not an entity apart from the men and women who attend it. Who are The ideal report is specific and dethey? Where do they come from? tailed enough to avoid vagueness; How many are there? Why are they general and comprehensive enough to here? One can not adequately un- be suggestive and helpful. For a derstand a conference without know- thirty-minute report some such plan ing something about those who are as this might be followed: present? 1. Name of Conference, Aus- The delegate who does not see and pices, Date, Place………… 1 min. appreciate these elements in some measure can not fully understand the 2. Purpose ……………….. 1 min. gathering which he attends, and his 3. Attendance, Character …… 2 min. confusion will be apparent when he 4. Description of Conference makes his report. He should be expected to secure, at least: Scenes ……………….. 3 min.. 5. Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 min. I. Specific Information.-One can 6. Program, Speakers, Topics, not absorb and retain all that he sees or hears, but the delegate should re- Quotations …………… _14 min. member, at least, a few specific facts. 7. Stimulus, Personal and Gen- 2. General Information.-To ap- eral ………•. .•………. 3 mln. preciate the significance of the gen- 8. Resolutions, Recommendaeral objects of the conference – a grasp of the wider aspects of the tions, Suggestions with Loscope and character of matters dis- cal Applications ………. 4 min. cust in it is very necessary. This is a sort of bird's-eye view. Total ………………….. 30 min.

3. Experience.-A delegate's own To prepare such 'a report, one personal experience at a conference should have printed programs, anindicates what his privileges have nouncements, newspaper clippings, meant to him. In this sense, he must personal notes, and any other mabe more than a mere observer and terial available. The delegate should reporter; his mind and heart should make preparation in advance for be open to impressions which only what is expected from him. Where sympathetic interest makes possible. reports are to be made by more than Otherwise he cheats himself and one delegate, different parts or others out of the best. phases of the conference, preferably not diflerent days, should be assigned 4. The General Idea.-To find and in advance, so that each can plan to bear his share of what ought to be regarded as both a responsibility and a privilege.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AFRICA A Colporteur'. Experience in Tunis The Locomotive as a Missionary 1N a letter'to Israel Hoffnung, Pas- tor Flad tells of the experience of THE Cape-to-Cairo railroad, split- the c,olporteur, Joseph Soussan, in his , ting the Dark Continent from the endeavors to reach the Jews in the mouth of the Nile to Cape Town, is different cities of Tunis. On the now nearing completion. This new Yhole he was well received, and had road passes through the heart of the good opportunity to explain the Continent, through the Africa of Scriptures and bear testimony to the Stanley and Livingstone. From Wady Lord Jesus Christ. On one occasion, Haifa south to Khartum, where Gor- while he was speaking to a number of don died, civilization has come with Jews, who listened attentively, and the American plow and seed drill. who gladly took his tracts, the Rabbi South of Khartum the followers of of the city happened to pass that way. some one of a long line of Mahdis At once he warned his people against are still restless, but the way has the missionary, but after Mr, Sousbeen opened along 6,944 miles of san had answered his objections railroad iron, and civilization will the Rabbi became friendly, and in- follow and spread. The cannibalism, vited all to the hotel to drink coffee voodooism, Mohammedanism and pure and lemonade at his expense. A devil-worship lying between the steel Jewish policeman who was present rails and' the oceans to the east and was very much surprized,. and said west will not be able to keep civili- that this time it was not like in the zation out of the old ivory-hunting synagog, where they have to pay, jungles and the worn trails of the but now the Rabbi himself pays. Noth- Arabian slave-traders. The railroad, ing like that ever happened in the city is a highway for the gospel, but it is before. The Rabbi purchased some also, unfortunately, a highway for un- Hebrew and French books, and in a godly traffic. ' few minutes the missionary had sold books amounting to over So francs. A Lion Kills a Missionary THE death of a Christian mission- The Liquor Problem in the Konlro ary by a wild beast is almost unique in the ,annals of missions, but MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER of on April 21st word came from Khar- the Methodist mission at Kamtum, Egypt, of the death df the Rev. Ralph W. Tidrick, of the American bove, in the Belgian Kongo, writes; United Presbyterian Mission. Mr. "The devil has just now won a Tidrick, who was stationed at Doleib Hill, Sobat River, in the Egyptian big victory. A new high-license law Sudan, was attacked and wounded by was to have gone into effect the first a lion, and started down the Nile for of the year. As one of the Belgian Khartum to undergo treatment, but officials told us, the chief gain would died on reaching Khartum. Mr. Tid- be in closing up all the wretched, disrick was a native of Mount Ayr, reputable places where a great deal Iowa', and was a graduate of the Iowa of liquor is sold illegally to natives. State College. He entered the mis- Many of the Belgian officials are sion field in 1906, and leaves a widow men of wide experience and exand two children. cellent judgment, especially Vice- Governor-General Wangermee and his staff. But they are sadly handicapped by the Government in Bel- They use the same word for 'to take gium, in exactly the same way that down an awning,' 'to undress your- the English Government often hin- self,' 'to peel a potato,' 'to untie a ders the best interests of the country rope,' and a number of other ex- in the Rhodesias. And so we have pressions. The rule of the Belgians heard that the wise liquor regulation is very mild. The country is now has been set aside by the Govern- quite settled, and the natives are ment in Belgium, and every Kaffir civil. There is not much fear of the store can sell, and Katanga will be Mohammedans coming here, for the flooded with bad whisky. In pioneer policy of the Belgian Government is towns like this,. it is stript of all its to keep them out of the country."

adornments, and its ghastly work is The Virgin'. Statue in Kikuyu seen on every hand. Jesus is here.

I Only this fact enables us to go on N view of the recent controversy working in the midst of indescribable between the Bishop of Zanzibar and sin and vice." those who took part in the Kikuyu Livingstone's De.cendants for Conference, it is interesting to note Livingstonia the following from Catholic Mis- sions (May, 1914): "In the central TWO of Dr. Livingstone's de- residence of the Fathers of the Holy scendants, Dr. Hubert and Miss Ghost in the Mission of Zanzibar Ruth M. Wilson, have sailed from there is a beautiful statue of the England to take up work as mis- Blessed Virgin. This was formerly sionaries in Livingstonia, not far in the Episcopal Cathedral, but some from Lake Nyassa, which was dis- years ago the Anglican Bishop came covered by Livingstone in 1859. Both to the Catholic mission and asked for these young missionaries have re- an interview with the Superior. He ceived medical and nursing training acknowledged that in his flock there in England and Scotland, and are were many black sheep, heretics, who going to one of the mission-stations could not stand the sight of the statue of the United Free Church of Scot- of the Blessed Virgin that stood in land. his Cathedral. To these men this The Heart of Africa Mission statue was an idol-and he was com- peHed either to lose three-fourths of C T. STUDD, of "Cambridge his flock or do away with the statue. • Seven" fame, is devoting himself Would the Catholic mission accept to the establishment of the Heart of it? That is why the Catholic mis- Africa Mission. He has been travel- sion house possesses a beautiful ing in the Belgian Kongo with Mr. statue of the Virgin Mary. Father Alfred B. Buxton, and writes to the ]. Caysac, C.S., Sp., of Kikuyu, who London Christian about some of, relates this fact, adds as a conclu- their experiences. sion, "Isn't it a pity that these Eng- .

"The Avungora have no writing, Iishmen, who, after all, are so good nor have the Azandi, yet they keep in many ways, are not all Catholics, accurately their historical records. real Catholics!"

This they do by means of old men, The Bruedergemeine in East Africa IN who memorize the records, and teach the district Unyamwesi, during these to others chosen for the purpose. Every native here wants to the past two years, there has been shake the hand of a white man, and the beginning of a new era. With even some of the women insist on the completion of the railroad to shaking hands. After they have Tabora there was a sifting of the shaken hands they sometimes add a Christians gathered there. The es- thumb-shake. The common expres- tablishment of the station Taoora sion for 'Yes' is: 'That is not a lie.' brought direct work among the Mo-

hammedans, and there is already a very considerable total of 10,000. It theo1ogue in special preparation for is believed that the sphere of their this work. From Ipole is reported a activity extends to and includes the systematic plan on the part of the United States, and that the basis of Su1taness against Christianity. She operation which is found most effecdepopulates entire villages, sending tive and remunerative is the charithe people, against their wills, to work table one. Appeals are made for orin Tabora, and seeks to take material phanages, hospitals, or other humanifrom the mission. The instruments tarian or religious institutions. So for this work have been augmented considerable is the imposition thus through a hymn-book and a book of practised that the Charity Organi- Biblical stories in the language of. the zation Society of New York has island; also through the completion of SOled a warning, which reads as folthe dictionary in Kinyamvey, which lows: 'They are frauds and confihas been in preparation for years. dence men, who make contributors to charity their prey. By nationality MOSLEM LANDS they are Syrians, Armenians, or Chal- deans. They will show a prospective· Robert Wilder at Robert College victim photographs of a church or or- phan asylum, or other institution sup- REV. R. P. WILDER, of London, posedly conducted by them in Turkey. the well-known Christian leader Usually these collectors pocket the among students, spent ten days at money they receive.' For five years Robert College, Constantinople, in the Charity Organization Society has March, and his conferences were of been collecting evidence against this great value. Under the auspices of class of frauds." the World's Student Christian Federation he has been making a tour of Hebrew Advance in Palestine universities in Switzerland, Austria, Bulgaria, Servia, Turkey, and Spain. T HE rapid advance of the Hebrew At Robert College, Mr. Wilder gave language revival in Palestine is ten addresses, and many informal apparent from the following statetalks to smaller classes and groups. ment sent out recently from Berlin. He dealt with the problems of char- It shows the reason for the stubborn acter and belief, the central place of opposition to the introduction of Gerthe personal in religion, and the man instead of Hebrew into the Polygrowth of a deep, religious life. technic Institute of Haifa. Those Scores of students availed themselves Jews, from all parts of the world, of the opportunity for informal per- who, in the last decade have settled sonal conferences. The Orient says in Palestine, have been working all that while the definite emphasis of the time for a revival of the Hebrew his message on a vital religious life language, and the younger generation and upon Bible study was such as to of Palestinian Jews is now recogdeeply impress thinking students, nizing and speaking Hebrew as their Robert College will longest remem- national tongue. Two high schools, ber him as one who quietly pointed at Jaffa and Jerusalem, and a great out the Way, who frankly and per- number of elementary schools and suasively interpreted the Truth, and kindergartens have adopted the Hewho winningly exemplified the Life. brew language as tlleir medium of in- struction, and the same language is A Fraudulent Beggars spoken in all the Jewish colonies; the WARNING against oriental beg- "Merkas Hamorim," the Jewish gars has been issued by The Teachers' Association of Palestine, United Presbyterian. The warning is has already ISO members. It has reas follows: "It is reported that beg- peatedly been emphasized in consular gars in Turkey have formed a union, reports that a great num~r of Eurothe membership of which has the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

pean firms in Palestine issue their their prime, attracted by the busipublic notices in the Hebrew lan- ness boom. There is a mad rush guage; this shows sufficiently what for money, and the cafes, saloons, an important part the modern He- and other places of evil resort are brew language is beginning to play in wide open and fully patronized. To Palestine. stem this tide there is no place in the city where men may resort and enjoy Moral Laxity Among Moslems the counter attractions, such as the Young Men's Christian Association A RECENT writer in the Moslem might offer. There has been an As- IVorld describes the moral lax- sociation, but without a building, and ity which exists among the Mos- Dr. Chambers says that the massacres lems of Egypt to-day. Lateefa of so crippled the society that they have B., in her nineteenth year, has been been unable to do ag-gressive work. divorced 4 times. Ibrahim Effendi, Recently, however, an English friend a youth of 27, has been married 13 has given $5,000 for a building, on times. Another youth, when re- condition that $10,000 additional be proved for taking a twenty-eighth collected in Europe and America, and wife, replied, "Why should I not, at least $1,000 in Adana itself. The when my father divorced 38?" It is Adana thousand is assured, and the a common saying among Moslems: Geneva committee of the Y. M. C. A. "A woman is like a pair of shoes. has appealed to the French associa- If she gets old a man throws her tions and has received sufficient enaway and buys another as long as couragement to justify them in dehe has money." Of every seven ciding to send out this year a secretary Moslems married in Egypt, more from America. than two are, according to official record, divorced. But the actual INDIA number of divorces is probably even greater. The police say that in Mass Movements and Persecution many cases no pretense of recording divorce is made. "You find a BISHOP F. W. WARNE, of Inwoman in this house to-day and m dia, writes that one evidence of another to-morrow." the spirituality of the mass move- Adana Since the Massacre ments is the .fact that everywhere these new converts endure cruel per- T HERE have been great changes secution. A British high official, in the city of Adana, Asiatic Tur- when asked for his opinion, instantly key, since the terrible massacre of replied: "It is true to human nature 1909, in which two Americans and that the land-owners and religious nearly 20,000 Armenians lost their leaders, who have had power over lives. The Rev. W. Nesbitt Cham- these poor people and have opprest bers, D.D., of the American Board, them and made money out of their writes that the ruins caused by the toil through the centuries, do not massacre have been largely oblitera- want to see them rise." This is the ted, the streets widened, and new philosophy of the persecution, and an ones opened lined with shops. The evidence, their oppressors being the whole city is crowded with traffic, witnesses, that they do rise when the material prosperity is marvelous, they become Christian. and the population is steadily increasing. Bishop Warne saw a man so beat- en that his face was cut open and On the other hand, the spiritual he had almost lost an eye, yet when and moral situation is about as dark asked, "Are you sorry you became a as the material situation seems prom- Christian?" he replied, "No, since I ising. The crowds in the streets are have heard what Christ suffered for made up of men, either young or in me, and what the early Christians suffered, I am ready to go to death.

But I am not willing to give up my European and Anglo-Indian Com- faith in Christ. I can only live a munity, Finance and Public Ques- little while in this world, but in the tions, and some of these reports were next world I will live in glory for very suggestive and stimulating. Per- ever." manent officers were elected for the These new converts are willing to ensuing year, Bishop Lefroy being be tied to trees and beaten for president and Dr. S. K. Datta, of Christ's sake. They give up their Lahore, vice-president. (Dr. K. Pam- scanty food rather than renounce perrien, who was mentioned as a na- Him. One young man, Nagappa, tive Indian, is a German missionary.) while holding family prayer in his The Maharajah and the Bible T father's house, was taken by the hair HE late Maharajah of Travan- of his head and dragged out to the core had the reputation of being police-station by a village official and compelled to sit there for hours in one of the most learned of all mod- the rain. When asked by one of the ern Hindu princes. Altho he himself workers why he did not write to the never accepted Christianity, yet he missionary and let him report this in- said these striking words about the 1ustice, he said, "They have not Bible: "Where do the English peo- nailed me to the Cross yet, and Jesus ple get their knowledge, intelligence, was nailed to the Cross for me. He cleverness, and power? It is their did not save me that I might have an Bible that gives it to them; and now easy time; I am willing to suffer for they bring it to us, translate it into His sake, that I may lead those who our language, and say, 'Take it, read persecute me to Christ." it, examine it, and see if it is not T The Indian Missionary Council good.' Of one thing I am convinced, that, do with it what we will, oppose HE first meeting of the National it as we may, it is the Christian's Missionary Council for India, to Bible that will sooner or later work the formation of which reference was out the regeneration of our land."- made in the May number of the RE- Bible in the World.

VIEW, was held in Calcutta in Feb- An Opening in Afghanistan A ruary. The objects of the Council FGHANISTAN, on the north- were definitely formulated as being: west frontier of India, is one of Cooperation with the Provincial Councils in the carrying out of their the lands still closed to the gospel. A obj ects ; Communication with the native Christian physician, Nasir- Continuation Committee of the Edin- Allah, from Peschawar, is willing to burgh Missionary Conference regard- return to his homeland. As a boy ing such matters as require con- he had been carried away because of sideration or action from the point of a family feud, and as they wanted to view of the Indian mission field as be rid of him he was given to a a whole; Consideration of such other traveling Indian catechist. In this questions affecting the entire mis- wise he came to Batala, in Gurda- sionary field as may seem to it de- spur, where he received a thorough sirable; Provision for the convening education in the schools of the mis- of an All-India Missionary Confer- sions. He studied medicine and be- ence, when such is, in the opinion of came assistant physician in the mis- the Council, desirable. Reports were sion hospital in Peschawar. Some made by committees Which had pre- time ago people came from his old viously been appointed to consider home and recognized him. Very soon Cooperation, Survey and Occupation, another group of Kafiri came to the the Indian Church, Mass Movements, hospital, among whom were the Education, Literature, Medical Work, brother and uncle of the physician.

the Training of Missionaries, the Great was their joy when they met

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

again Nasir-Allah, who is now forty present system of legalized gambling years old. He intends to return with on certain fe~tivals and holidays. It his relatives to his home, and they has been customary for the people, at desire this, altho they know that he the Song Kram Festival, after their is a Christian. It can be expected of labor in the fields was ended, to him that he will confess his faith amuse themselves at different sports, publicly in his old home.-Sonnen especially in gambling. Abuses have Au/gang. increased, so that instead of being one among many pastimes on such Indians Appeal for their Countrymen holiday occasions, gambling has be- come the one and only amusement of T HE echoes of protests which the people. The extent of crime re- western America is making sulting has caused the permission to against the increasing immigration of be withdrawn. natives of India to California, Oregon, Washington, and British Colum- T Call for Help from Siam bia reached the late General Assem- HE great opportunity for evanbly of the Presbyterian Church ~n In- gelistic w~rk following upon the dia, and created natural concern. heels of the recent malarial epidemic These Indian Christians now appeal in Chieng Mai the missionaries there to the Christians of the United States feel simply must be taken advantage and Canada to treat Indian immi- of. At Ban Tah, an outstation of grants with Christian consideration. First Church of Chieng Mai, 319 Addressing directly the Canadian and persons were baptized at the com- "U. S. A." General Assemblies, the munion service in May. In the Indian Assembly says: Chieng Mai station alone more than 2,300 people have become Christians "We have heard with great con- since the epidemic began-also one cern of the great number of the new Christian for every $2 of the people of India, largely from the epidemic fund expenses. It is the Panjab, who have gone to the United judgment of the missionaries that States and to Canada. Our concern the present rate of accessions could is lest they come under influences be multiplied several times at about which will harden their hearts against the same relative cost. the message of Christ, and cause them to return to India embittered in But the epidemic fund is entirely spirit and estranged from the Church exhausted, and unless more money of Christ. In their behalf we are im- is received promptly by cable the pelled to ask you, our Christian breth- mission will be under the necessity of ren, not to forget to put out a help- discharging most of its efficient evaning hand to these strangers among gelistic workers. Many of these you. They will respond to your sym- helpers are men whom the missionpathy and appreciate your efforts in aries wish to train in the new theotheir behalf. It is not for us to tell logical school. you in what way you may help these strangers, countrymen of ours. We CHINA write to assure you that any help you give them will be a help to the T The Christian Forces in China Church of Christ in India." HE total evangelical church-mem- bership in the Republic of China SIAM AND LAOS is about 470,000. These Christians are served by 548 ordained Chinese Suppressing Gambling in Siam pastors and 5,364 unordained work- ers. In addition, there are 4,712 T HE Government is endeavoring Chinese Christian school-teachers, to minimize the evils arising 1,789 Bible women, and 496 native asfrom what is admitted to be an in- sistants .employed in hospitals, of herent national vice, and has issued a decree which aims at abolishing the

which there are 235. Other Chinese I Idol Burning in Yunnan workers in the evangelical churches N a letter written at the beginning bring the total of the Chinese staff . of the year, Rev. W. H. Hudspeth giving of their time to the service of reports fresh signs of the awakening Christianity up to 15,501. There are in Yunnan. He says, "During the 2,955 Christian congregations, and the past few days I have been busy Chinese Christians contributed $320,- burning idols. Now that the coun- 900 for Christian work among their try is becoming more peaceful, there own people during the past year. seems to be a steady turning to Jesus Leading in this work of Christianiza- Christ among the country Chinese. tion and guiding the destinies of the One of our most interesting con- Chinese Church are 5,452 foreign verts is a Szechwan man, who had missionaries from America and Eu- had four wives, two of whom are rope. Adding the membership of the still living. He is a man of great Evangelical and Roman churches to- strength, and before he joined the gether, there is now a total profest Church he was afraid of neither Christian population throughout the heaven nor hell. Being the headman Chinese Empire of two and a quar- of a very large district, he has ter millions, and growing at a very great power. Before the Revolution, encouraging rate. They represent, he could even sentence a thief to however, only about one-half of one death. Since he became interested in per cent. of the entire population, and the story of the Cross, he has read while there has been a remarkable through the New Testament seven growth since the Boxer uprising in .times, and now he is studying the 1900, it is evident that these large Old. He knows by heart the chapter numbers indicate only the beginnings and verse of many of the great truths, of the Christian Church in China. and he has an ingenious method of interpreting the Scriptures. . Chinese Valuation of Christian Education How the Gospel Entered Haitang Y H UAN SHIH KAI, President of AITANG is a Chinese island the Chinese Republic, has re- about 25 miles long, with a popcently placed two of his daughters in ulation of 70,000. About 37 years a Peking mission school, because he ago an inhabitant traveling 011 the recognizes that the Christian schools mainland heard of Jesus from a are far superior to those under Gov- fellow-traveler at a Chinese inn. He ernment control. The Commissioner accepted the truth, returned to of Education in Peking is also ad- Haitang, and did not rest until he vising his fellow officials to send their had carried the Gospel to everyone children to mission schools. Many of _of the 41 I villages on the island.

these schools are so crowded that When the missionaries came about they are obliged to turn away pupils, 10 years ago they found a prepared including some that belong to official people. There are now preaching or wealthy families. stations in 30 villages. Some of One Government officer, on leaving these poor village Christians give his boy at a Methodist day school, one-fourth of their income for the said to him: "This is the best school spread of the Gospel.

in the city. You must remember that The First Christian Daily in China these Christians are different from C the rest of the Chinese. When they HINESE Christians publish a number of excellent weeklies teach the Bible and the facts about their religion, I want you to give and monthlies, but until recently especial attention, so that you may there has been no daily. On the 8th learn what it is that makes them dif- of last September, in Canton, the ferent." first Christian daily appeared, called

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Tu-hun-sih-pao. More than 39 baptized by his pupil, Dr. Thompson.

Christian Chinese, who were em- At the organization of the Kaigan ployed in literary work, will be con- Church Congregation, on March 10, tributors, and also three foreigners. 1872, he was chosen and ordained as Immediately after the revolution in elder, and several years later, with 191 I a society of prominent Chris- two other elderly men, was ordained tians was formed to assist this en- as first pastors of the Japanese terprise, and large amounts have been DlUrch of Christ. A man never of contributed by Chinese who live in robust health, but of great equanim- Japan, San Francisco, East India, ity of mind and of strong Chris- Honolulu, and New York. This new tian faith, he has been long looked up paper has branches in the whole Em- to as the Nestor of the Japanese pire, and also abroad, in Japan, ministry. His end was sudden and America, Straits Settlements. It is tranquil, he passing to rest on Janualso read much by non-Christians, ary 19th.

and is used to spread Christian An Appeal for Christian Statesmanship thought.-Sonnen A ufgang.

Sunday Observance in China T HE Japan Mission of the Ameri- can Board has addrest to the UNDER China's new educational Federal Council of the Churches of system the Government schools Christ in America a memorial, degive a holiday on Sunday. This ploring the effect of discriminating makes it possible for thousands of race legislation upon the proclamachildren to attend Sunday-schools, tion of the Gospel in Japan, and resomething impossible under the old questing that the Federal Council regime. Freedom of thought and appoint a commission to study the action, tho faintly understood by whole question in its relation to the the masses, is generally bec6ming a teaching of Christ, and that it seek to principle of the new republic. It is rally the Christian forces of the taking hold of the young and the United States for the promoting of old. As a result, many who would such measures as are in accord with not have dared to enter a Sunday- the highest standards of Christian school now come gladly. Until re- statesmanship. The mission feels cently most of the Christian con- that race legislation, tending to disstituency have come from the illiterate turb the historical friendship of these adult popUlation, and the majority two countries, is likely to be rehave been unable to read.. Much has peatedly attempted unless some been done in the past to meet the needs thoroughgoing solution of the diffiof this class, first, by oral teaching, culty is found, and therefore makes and, second, by teaching them to this appeal to the body which repreread the colloquial Bible and hymn- sents the Christian churches of book, or some simple catechism. This America. kind of work will be needed for a long time to come. Buddhist Priest in Trouble JAPAN-KOREA A BUDDHIST priest in the Hok- Death of the Firat Protestant Elder kaido recently came to a Chris- tian doctor for treatment. The latter T HE Rev. Yoshiyasu Ogawa, the asked him about the present religious first Protestant Christian church condition in Japan. The priest, not officer in Japan, recently died in knowing that the doctor was a Chris- Tokyo. He was the personal Japanese tian, spoke his mind very freely.

teacher and lifelong friend of the "We are in very great trouble," he Rev. Dr. D. Thompson, of Tsukiji, said, "and don't know what to do.

Tokyo. He became a Christian at Christianity has hitherto been without Yokohama in the '60's, having been recognition and influence. As the

Government gave us their support, sion were laid upon the younger we were quite content. But by the members. One of the younger pas- recent action of the Home Depart- tors was chosen moderator, and an- ment, Christianity has been elevated other was appointed to fill the newly to the top, and we must now hustle, created office of superintendent of or we shall be left without following Sunday-schools. Another advance of or influence." much significance was the organiza- F The Famine in Japan tion of the women of the church for mission purposes. The synod created AMINE conditions have been pre- a Women's Board of Missions, and vailing this spring in northern also appointed two Japanese grad- Japan, including the island of Hok- uates of Bryn Mawr College to goo to kaido. The scarcity is due to the un- Formosa on experimental work that seasonable weather which prevailed will keep them there at least to the last summer and autumn and result- end of the year. Several young men ed in the almost entire failure of the are being sent out for the same sort rice crop. Added to this, the catch of of temporary service in Formosa by fish, on which a large part of the the general board of missions.

people depend for their living, was The Better Side of Japanese Rule T very small. The proportions of this HE conspiracy trials in Korea terrible affliction which has befallen Japan are indicated by the official , gave such an unpleasant im- announcement that 9,400,000 are in pression of Japanese administration need of food. This is almost one- in that country that we are glad to fifth of the population of the islands. learn of its more creditable phases.

The whole territory afflicted is a sec- This foreign Megemony has lasted tion in which the masses are never now five years in the shape of a pro- far above the starvation line, and not tectorate, and three in that of an- even the business communities possess nexation. A system of highroads much reserve on which to weather the 6,500 miles long is under construc- stress of such misfortunes. The only tion. The railways-in the shape of considerable relief measure so far is a great X, at the center of which is the appropriation of $3,000,000 by the capital, Seoul-are fast opening the Japanese Government, and the up the country. Branches reaching SUbscription of $350,000 by the busi- from the four chief seaports, Che- ness men of Japan. The foreign mulpo, Chinampo, Kunsan, and Ma- community and the missionaries have sanpo are in operation, and a million- also given liberally, and the better- dollar bridge spanning the Yalu re- circumstanced people in the famine lates the whole system to that of the territory have brought out and do- Manchurian-Siberian railway. Japan- nated their savings in a remarkable ese foresters have covered the hills way. But all this will not be suffi- and mountains with pine seedlings, cient to meet the needs of the afflict- now from three to five feet high.

ed peoDle. A famine relief commit- Brigandage has been supprest, tigers tee has been appointed by the confer- hunted and killed. The entire coun- ence of Federated Missions. try has been re-surveyed and proper land records instituted. A banking Japanese Women's Board of Mil.ion. system has been developed, agricul- A T the last meeting of the synod of tural and manual training schools, the Church of Christ in Japan, model farms, cotton planting stations, the Presbyterian body of that coun- seedling stations, and stations for try, there were II4 delegates en- sericulture established. The Koreans rolled. By what seemed to be a tacit have been admitted to administration agreement of the older men, many of to an extent not generally realized.

the special responsibilities of the ses- Of the 13 provinces 5 have Korean

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governors. There are 92 courts with why they would prefer to be gov- 497 Japanese and 233 Korean of- erned by Americans than by their ficials. Of the 13,755 members of near neighbors. And Americans police and gens d'armerie, 8,168 are should be more capable of governing Koreans. In 191 I alone, close on to wisely than the Filipinos can be. The 3,000,000 Koreans were vaccinated. Brooklyn Eagle says: "Governor Japanese is being taught as the ver- Harrison of the Philippines has nacular in the schools, and the Kor- met in Mindanao a delegation of the eans take to it with astonishing ease. Mohammedan Moros-the biggest of Korean Foreign Missionary Work what Dean C. Worcester called "the non-Christian tribes"-and has re- REFERENCE has previously been ceived from them a petition which made to the missionary zeal of sounds strange in many American the 'Korean Christians. A successful ears. The chiefs beg for an Ameri- work has been carried on in Man- can governor. They have no faith . churia, and when the Korean mis- in the Christian Filipinos. In the sionary in charge, Mr. Yi, recently ap- honesty and the justice of the Taga- pealed to the church in Kwangju for log, they can not trust. But, severe more workers and for support by money and prayer, there was a hearty as have been their experiences at response. One man, a leader of a the hands of American soldiers, they church, gave enough to build a mod- have found that in peace Ameri- est church, and also paid the salary cans treat them decently and fairly. of a woman evangelist for six This is a tribute of which Yankees months, a wonderful testimony to the may well be proud. It is possible power of the Gospel, considering how that the Moros have buried the kris woman is looked down upon in the for good and all; and that the ba- East. In all, some 300 yen were rong will no longer be a terror in given, and had they been urged, the the section around Zamboanga. The people would have given far beyond American Government, it will be their power. remembered, sent an envoy to the Sultan of Turkey and asked him, as Rev. R. T. Coit, of the Southern the head of the Mohammedan Church, Presbyterian Mission in Kwangju, to help pacify the Moros. The meswrites in the Christian Observer: sage he brought has done much to Thus our own part of the Korean end unpleasantness. Assembly has launched out into for- NORTH AMERICA eign mission work, and we believe that the Korean Church has but be- A United Educational Program gun the work to which God is call- "THE Social Force of Christian ing her. The General Assembly of Missions" is the suuj ect for the Korea expects to take up larger work in China as soon as some pre- United Program for Mission Study liminaries can be arranged. Pray for this work and for a mighty out- for 1914 to 1915, under the auspices pouring of God's spirit on the Korean of the Missionary Education Move- Church and this particular enterprise, which we have taken over in His ment. The text-books include, "The strength. Child in the Midst," by Mrs. B. W. Labaree; "Missionary Women and ISLAND WORLD the Social Question," by Mrs. F. S. Bennett; "In Redman's Land," by Hon. Francis E. Leupp, and other Appeal of the .Moros volumes. Conferences have already T HE Moros of Mindanao are far been held in New York and else- behind the Filipinos in the adop- where to prepare leaders for this tion of civilized ideas. But they are unified program, and to give to probably more fond of war than the churches suggestions for mission ser- Filipinos. It is easy to understand vice, prayer, giving, and study. The

idea is not to increase machinery, but averaged 2,000 a day. Each night to improve efficiency. A full state- from 75 to go per cent. stayed to ment of this united program, and after-meetings, and as a result 461 how it may be made effective, is to exprest their desire to lead the Chris- appear in a later number of the RE- tian life. In the University of Cali- VIEW. fornia at Berkeley, where Mr. Eddy TContinued United Campaign Work conducted the campaign, all barriers were broken down, and 140 men ac- HE united missionary campaign cepted Christ and 390 became in- committee, which was organized quirers after the truth. On the last by general cooperation of foreign and night 2,600 men and women were home mission boards representing present at the meetings.

evangelical churches of the United In Pennsylvania State College Mr.

States, to promote the "every mem- Eddy, who led the campaign, was ber canvass," voted to proceed with aided by well-known Christian work- the same character of work through ers from other student centers. Fif- another year. As in the present sea- teen hundred crowded the auditorium son, correspondence with the local each night. Mr. Eddy spoke at the churches and the supply of literature Jewish Club by invitation. Meetings helpful to local canvassers will be left were held also in the fraternity with sub-committees working along houses. Five hundred and fourteen denominational lines. But the gen- signed cards, indicating a desire to eral committee, with the cooperation accept Jesus Christ, or to renew their of the Laymen's Missionary Move- allegiance to Him. Several striking ment, will direct the interdenomina- evangelistic campaigns have been held tional district institutes, where local in other university centers during the workers are instructed in the princi- winter. In the University of Penn- ples and methods of the every mem- sy~vania there has been a remarkable ber canvass. In so far as possible, revival movement, begun in a one- these institutes will be held next year day campaign, by "Billy" Sunday.

in sections not touched by the insti- Over 400 students decided for Christ, tutes of 1913-14. A general campaign Bible-study has increased, and a is planned for the winter of 191:5-16. movement is on foot to petition for It is the expectation to revisit in that compulsory chapel. Perhaps there season all of the 70 cities in which has never been such a winter as this the movement held conventions dur- for religious interest in American ing 1909-10. colleges, and much of the enthusiasm Revivals in American Colleges may be traced to the power generated by the Student Volunteer Convention.

A YEAR ago Christian people were Merchants' Opinion of Missions being thrilled by accounts of the T great evangelistic meetings for stu- HE San Francisco Associated dents which had been held in the Far Chamber of Commerce sent a rep- East by Dr. John R. Mott and Mr. resentative party of merchants to Sherwood Eddy. This year the field China last year in the endea.vor to pro- has been the North American col- mote a better feeling ot friendship be- leges, but the Spirit of God has been tween China and Arnerica, and also to working just as truly here through increase and develop our commercial these mighty messengers, and the re- relations. Seeing that the Chinese sults of the meetings will be felt missionaries were the pioneers of com- around the world. Dr. Mott con- merce in China, the commissioners ducted the meetings in connection were unintentionally drawn into the with Columbia University. Careful consideration of this subject, which at preparation was made for many the start was considered entirely out- weeks beforehand. The attendance side their province. At first they

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were divided 1ll their opinions EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN -about one-third in favor, one- British Gifts to Missions third against, and one-third unde- THE Missionary Press Bureau has cided. But at the last meeting compiled a statement showing held in Hongkong the question was that the annual contributions now put squarely to the 25 commissioners, raised by Protestant churches in the and a unanimous vote recorded in United Kingdom for foreign mission- favor of missions. In the opinion of ary purposes, amount to about $IO,- the commission, if the missionaries 200,000; and, taking the entire popu- lation as 45,297, 114, this works out at had not pioneered the way, the com- 22C. per head. In a comparative table merce of China would be very small the amount of the British over-seas indeed, and it certainly would not be trade per head is $50.25, while $15.30 safe for foreigners to go into the in- per head is spent on alcoholic liquors, and $1.70 on tobacco and smoking apterior. This was the candid opinion pliances. There is, of course, a very of 2S of the leading merchants of the large section of the community which Pacific Coast, selected from Spokane to San Diego.-Spirit of Missions.

A "Christian Synagog" gives nothing for missions, and the average contribution from actual giv- T HE new home of the Toronto ers is very different from the figure Jewish Mission, with the above .quoted; but the fact remains that name, is admirably suited to its work. there is need for not only giving but It was formally dedicated, on the going in person to the field on an Saturday afternoon of Assembly altogether new scale, which will be week, June 7th. There were services realized only when the Church recogboth afternoon and evening, and nizes the greatness of its privilege.- quite a number of members of As- The Christian. sembly were present and took part.

One of the speakers told of an inci- The Bishop of Zanzibar's Plan B dent of last winter, in Knox Church. ISHOP WESTON, who has so actively opposed the Kikuyu Con- A Jew and his wife and eldest child publicly profest their faith in ference, has now issued a proposal Christ, and then the parents pre- for cooperation between Episcopal sented the rest of their children for and Nonconformist bodies if the baptism, a household of eight. It Kikuyu plan is abandoned. He sugwas like the scenes told in the Book gests a Central Missionary Council, of Acts, where whole households with the provision that no missionary were baptized by the Apostles. The society or church shall be represented pastor is Rev. B. Rohold, a native on the council that does not "proof Palestine. claim the Godhead of our Lord Jesus Persian Ch"rch in San Francisco Christ, His supreme authority as the final Revelation of God to man, and NEXT month a Persian church His mediatorial presentation of man is to be organized in San Fran- to God; or does not administer bap- cisco under the leadership of Rev. tism by immersion in, or affusion L. K. Mweeya, a Persian graduate with water, with the form of words of Shedd Coilege in U rumia, Persia. that .the custom of the Universal The Mizpah Presbyterian Church has Church requires." These are limita- been conducting mission work in a tions that most Christians would ac- community composed of about 700 cept, but that would exclude the Syrians, 200. Armenians, and 100 Friends and the Salvation Army.

Persians. The latter in particular Other limitations in the plan of coop- have responded most cordially to the eration, however, will not be as ac- Gospel message, and the new church ceptable: 1. The Council shall take no wiU l,1av~ about ~o adherents, shan~ in any policy by which comml,nl-

cants of anyone represented Church THE CONTINENT shall receive Holy Communion in another Church. 2. The Council shall A World Gathering oE Women take no share in any policy by which preachers of any .one C~urch shall AT Stockholm, from June roth to preach in the pubhc services of any 18th, is to be held a conference of other Church. 3. The Council shall the World's Young Women's Chrisnot countenance any college for the tian Association. This is the fifth training in common of ministers for such gathering, the previous World's episcopal and non-episcopal ministry. Conferences having been held in Lon- These provisions perpetuate division don, Geneva, Paris, and Berlin. The and stand as a barrier between theme announced is "The Place of Christians in fellowship, service, and the Young Women's Christian Assotraining for Christian work. ciation in the Home, the State, and the Church," and it is hoped that every A Moslem Mission to England nationality where the Association has gained a foothold may be represented THE reported acceptance of Islam at the Conference. This is not a by an Irish peer, Lord Headley, peace gathering, but every hour of has been widely commented upon the service will contribute to the ultiboth by the Christian and the Moslem mate peace of the world; it is not a press. Canon Weitbrecht, of India, council on reform, as such, but there refers to it in an interesting article in is no social reform the power of The M oslem World on past and pres- which will not be increased throughent Moslem attempts at proselytizing out the world after this meeting; it is in England. He quotes Lord Headley not a political meeting, but the world as saying that he had long been a politic for women will be clearer and Deist, and that when he met with a better defined; it is a religious conclear exposition of the faith of Islam, vention, yet every social problem of he felt that this satisfied his religious the day will come properly under the requirements. "It is sufficiently ob- topics included in its comprehensive vious," says Dr. Weitbrecht, "that a field. nominally Christian Deist who is ready to swallow the historical con- Help Secured for Albania tradictions of Islam, has but a very short step to take in order to become As a result of Rev. C. Telford a Moslem." The leading spirit in Erickson's recent visit to Amerithe present Moslem mission to Eng- ca the help so sorely needed has been land is Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din of secured-nearly $roo,ooo in all. Lahore, who conceived the idea of starting a mission to Christians pri- For a Boys' Boarding School ….. $15,000 marily with the idea of combating the For a Girls' Boarding School ….. 15,000 misrepresentation to which Islam is For a Mission Hospital ……….. 25,(]()O exposed in the West. For this pur- For a Church and Community Cenpose he urges that a new English translation of the Koran should be ter ………………………… 10,000 published to remove existing false For new missions in strategic cenimpressions, and says that the work has already been begun. Dr. Weit- ters ……………………….. 10,000 brecht's comment is: "This transla- Salaries, 10 or 12 new workers-edution, if it sees the light, should teach us some lessons about Scripture cational, medical, evangelistic, and translations made by a foreigner. industrial. Certainly in this, as in other matters, (At least $15,000 more is needed for the Khwaja has paid Christian mis- the medical work.) sions the compliment of imitation." This work will be conducted under the auspices of the American Board, and the missionaries hope to apply a healing touch to the life of the na- tion at the points of its greatest needs. As a result of over four cen- turies of Turkish occupation and of various periods of devastating war- fare this unfortunate nation is left

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wounded and naked, but not devoid German Gift to American Miuions of spirit. Rev. C. T. Erickson, Rev. Phinneas B. Kennedy, and their as- W E have already mentioned the sociates, will devote their energies to fund, amounting to over $1,- revivifying and rehabilitating this people, restoring normal healthy con- 000,000, raised by the Christian ditions, and helping the people up- people of Germany, Protestant and ward to the realization of lofty Chris- Catholic, on the occasion of the tian ideals. Men and women are Kaiser's Jubilee, for missionary work greatly needed for this important in the German colonies throughout work. Nearly fifty have volunteered, the world. It is interesting to know including physicians, teachers, minis- that the American Board has reters, and industrial experts. Funds ceived 3,000 marks ($720) from this are available for only ten or twelve, fund for its work in the Marshall and these will be sent out in the next Islands. Three of the four missioneighteen months. The new Prince of aries engaged in that work are of Albania is a Protestant, and sympa- German birth, so it was felt to be thetic with the missionary work. Pray suitable that the Board should share for Albania. in the fund. This Kaiser's Jubilee Fund is but one of a number of signs Religious Liberty in Greece and Servia of a genuine missionary revival among the German churches since ACORRESPONDENT sends to the Edinburgh Conference. A feder- Evangelical Christendom a letter ation of German societies has been from Greece calling attention to the effected, and there is great activity unsatisfactory condition of religious on all si~es. Mission-study circles liberty in the territories newly occu- are flourishing, summer conferences pied by Greece and Servia: "The Ser- are being conducted in different parts vian Constitution states: Art. 18. of the empire, and the Student Vol- 'There shall be perfect freedom of unteer movement is growing in the conscience in Servia? Everyone shall universities. The awakening of the be free to exercise his religion without people of the German Empire to their molestation, so far as none of its rites missionary obligations is one of the are contrary to the laws of the State. great and hopeful signs of our age. Art. 19. It is forbidden to take part in any movement against the Eastern MISCELLANEOUS Orthodox Church (proselytizing).' So far, none of the small evangelical com- A Suffering Missionary Hero munities in the new Servian territory has been forbidden to keep up its FOR 22 years George Hudson was gatherings for prayer and worship. a missionary in China, and there As the Serbs found them in existence rendered valiant service. His .scholarwhen they entered the country, it ship and power were marked, and it seems indisputable that Article 18 was a sad loss to the work when, at should apply to them. But does Ar- the height of his usefulness, he was ticle 19 mean that they may not in- stricken with cancer. Returning vite any Orthodox people to their home at the age of 47, he lies on a gatherings, or that any Orthodox bed of ceaseless torture at the Highperson who voluntarily attends is act- land Hospital, Asheville, North Caroing illegally? Of course, if they can- lina. Unable to obtain rest, day or not grow by outside accessions, night, he nevertheless lies there padeaths and removals of their members tiently, and he "never complains," soon will bring them to an end. Cer- says one who watches at his bedside. tainly a great deal-almost every- He has also been able to send forth thing-depends on the interpretation messages of spiritual power to many of the Constitution." others. Not long ago, during a night of pain, he dictated a lettergram to Mr. Cameron Johnson, who was to hold an important meeting in Rich-

mond, in which he said: "Praying compelled him to leave the work in unceasingly that God may awaken 1911. Two of his children are misour beloved Zion and the whole sionaries. Church of Christ to an adequate conception of the duty and privilege of Rev, George Owen of China carrying the gospel to the entire heathen world immediately. Beseech O NE of the veteran missionaries you to expect and attempt great of the London Missionary Sothings. N ever felt more hopeful. ciety in China, Rev. George Owen, Concerning myself, Ps. 23: 6; I Tim. died in London on February 18th. 1: 12. Tell the young people that He went out to China in 1865, and the missionary's career is the most after twelve years of service in glorious and has the fullest happiness Shanghai was transferred to Peking. possible. If I had a hundred lives He translated several important books I would give them all to the service into Chinese, among them a valuable of the blest Savior in China. The treatise on geology. For many years only regret I have is that I have not he translated into English the Peking been more faithful. Isaiah 55: 10- Gazette, the Imperial official organ.

13·" The work by which he will be George Hudson's time is short, but chiefly remembered is the translation of the New Testament into Manhis message of faith and cheer and darin, which he carried out in collaself-sacrifice may ring down the ages, boration with six others. The later and lead many to give themselves and years of his life, owing to his illtheir money to establish the King- health and that of his wife, were dom of Christ. spent in London, and since 1908 he has been Professor of Chinese in OBITUARY NOTES King's College, London.

Rev. Henry C. Haskell, D.O., of Bishop Penick, Formerly of Africa DR. Bulgaria T HE Rt. Rev. Charles Clifton HENRY C. HASKELL, for Penick, D.D., formerly Bishop of many years a missionary of the the missionary district of Cape Pal- American Board in Bulgaria, died mas, West Africa, died on April recently at Oberlin, Ohio, where he 13th, after a short illness, in Baltihas lived in retirement for the past more, Md. He was born 'near Danthree years. ville, Va., December 9, 1843, and re- ceived his early education in the pub- Henrv C. Haskell was born in lic schools. At the beginning of the Huntington, Mass., on December 28, Civil War he entered the Confederate 1853. He was a graduate of Wil- army, and served throughout the liams College and of Andover Semi- war, after which he entered the Virnary. On October 4, 1862, he ginia Theological Seminary at Alexsailed with his wife, and they took andria, and graduated in the class of up their residence at Sofia, joining 1869. After ministry in Bristol, Mr. and Mrs. Morse, who had Va., at Mount Savage, Md., and Balopened the station there but two timore, he was consecrated, in 1877, months previously. The next year as third Bishop of Cape Palmas, Af- Mr. and Mrs. Haskell were trans- rica. After several years of faithful ferred to Philippopolis, and were asso- work there his health became under- mined and he was compelled to reciated with Mr. and Mrs. J. F. sign in 1883. Returning to America, he served for ten years in Louis- Clarke. In 1871 they moved to Eski ville, Ky., Richmond, Va., and Fair- Zagra, but were compelled, for mont, W. Va. He acted for a time health reasons, to return to America as agent of the General Board of in 1872. Fifteen years later they set Missions in behalf of the colored work. out again, 'in restored health, for Bulgaria and settled in Samokov, and, later, in Philippopolis. Failing health AND MISSION LANDS THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedg- hitherto savage and intractable nawick Cooper, M.A. IlIustrated. 5~x8. tive~ of the Paraguayan Chaco." 300 pp. $1.25, net. Hodder & Stoughton New York and London, 1913. ' Vvlnle Mr. Grubb's previous avnoluUmne~ "An Unknown People in This well-illustrated, but unduly known Land," had stolen some of padded, volume bears the marks not the novelty from this later isonwe~rthhe only of a careful study of Egypt and still has much to say that its men, but it has the further value reading. Its first four chapters de- of being written by a world-traveler scribe the beginnings of a scheme for sec~rin~ an independent constituency whose comparative judgments are helpful. T~e three chapters on edu- wInch IS based upon harshness and a catIon, natIve and missionary, and questionable program. It reveals, an equal number upon Mohammedan- h0"Yeve:, a self:denying missionary ism are the most valuable from a mis- trymg III all thmgs to become like sionary point of view. Education ~mto his brethren. Folklore, heathen- through the American Mission (Uni- Ism, .and the heathen are clearly ted Presbyterian) is the best that described. Part II details the strug- Egypt has. In one of their Cairo in- gles resulting in established churches stitutions Mr. Cooper saw at a and their widespread influence. Part chapel exercise 250 boys and 170 I~~ is most instructive in its expo- girls, of whom 30 per cent. were sltJ?n of. methods employed, and in Moslems. Assiut College was even theIr vaned effects upon thrift and more impressive, with its 825 stu- social development. Mr. Grubb as- dents, . 599 being Protestants. The serts that at present there is a sin- author shows that the tendency is to- cere faith among the majority of the ward vocational training, and believes members, and. that great hrealsigiboeues~ moral, and social progress that the trained teacher is the turn- ing-point of educational advance. As made baemenon.gdetehmeedChhaocopelIensdsi,ands~owmehdo have to religion, he agrees with Lady Duff Gordon that ."this country is a t? d~structlOn and incapable of civi- palimpsest, in which the Bible is hzatlOn. Reasoning from the suc- w r itt e n over Herodotus and the cesses of early Jesuit missions to the Koran over that." Its ten and a Paraguayan iGhuevairtaanbils~ he believes that with an admixture of quarter million Mohammedans are Egypt's most serious problem, since white bloo.d the Chacos may exist in "there is no secular life to the Mos- strength; If they remain isolated and lem; all is teligion, and the Koran is uninfluenced by Christianity they the guide and center of every act." must disappear.

:rhe chapter o? Islam and modernity IS worth readmg, tho we think that PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER Life of.Theodore Leighton Pennell, M.D. By the author overestimates the ethical Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated, 8vo. lOs. 6d., net. Sealey, Service & Co., Ltd., ideals of that faith. London, 1914.

A C1iURCH IN THE WILDS. By W. Bar- The character of Dr. Theodore L. brooke Grubb. Edited by H. T. Morrey ~ennel1 was strong and lovable, and hiS career as a medical missionary on Jones, M.A. Illustrations and maps. the Afghan frontier was romantic and remarkable. Dr. Pennell was 5~x8. 287 pp. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton born in England in 1867 and died 45 & Co., New York, 1914.

This' is "the remarkable story of the establishment of the Sou t h Am e tic a n Mission among the years later (1912), in Northwestern WHERE ANIMALS TALK. West African India, from septic poisoning contract- Folk-Lore Tales. By Robert H. Nased in operating on a fellow mission- sau. 12mo., 250 pp. $1.50, net. Richary. Between these two dates there ard G. Badger. Boston, 1912. flowed a life rich and fruitful, energetic, and devoted to God and hu- These stories by the honored vetermanity. There is inspiration in the an Vvest African missionary throw reading of the story of his twenty much light on African beliefs, cusyears in India, where he won great toms, and mental capacity. They will fame and affection by his unselfish be especially interesting to students service in the Bannu hospital. Dr. Pen- of folk-lore tales but are too much nell was a man of remarkable gifts, devoted to lying, theft, murder, and passing three language examinations other African vices to be adapted to in the first year on the field, and children. later becoming proficient in Urdu, Pushtu, Persian, and Arabic. Dr. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline At- Pennell's hospital and school became water Mason. 12mo. Cloth, 50 cents, famous all over India for their ex- net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Rowcellent results. He had only been in land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Bannu a year when his patients numbered 220 a day-tho there was then This dramatic story of Baptist beno hospital. The stories of some of ginnings in foreign and home misthe patients-robbers and brigands- sionary work is introduced by a are of thrilling interest, and the ac- prolog setting forth the initial imcount of Dr. Pennell's tours in na- pulse of missions. The author pretive costume are full of adventure sents the foreign mission enterprise and information. The biography is a as inaugurated by the Judsons in ten collection of facts and incidents dramatic scenes, and the work of rather than a systematic presentation home missions in six scenes. The of the man and his work; but it is book is a series of scenes, dialogs, well worth reading, and will take its tableaux-whose presentation in conplace among entertaining and stimu- nection with Sunday-school enterlating missionary biographies. tainments or concerts, either in part or entire, will prove most interesting BLACK AND WHITE. By Lily H. Hammond. and effective. Illustrated, 12mo. 244 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. ANN OF AVA. By Ethel Daniels Hub- bard. 12mo. $1.00, net, "de luxe"; This is a Southern woman's inter- Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. pretation of the Southern negro prob- Missionary Education Movement, New lem. The author is the daughter of York, and Griffith & Rowland Press, former slave-owners, and early be- Philadelphia, 1913. came interested in social problems in the North and the South. Mrs. Ham- This charming story for girls remond believes that the negro prob- lates to the life of Ann Hasseltine, lem is not peculiar to the South, but the wife of Adoniram Judson. For that all must have a hand in its solu- romance, heroism, self-sacrificing detion. She is optimistic, and looks for votion, this life story is especially the elevation of the negro, and believes noteworthy, and girls who read this that this is necessary for the well- book wiII receive an inspiration to being of the white race. Her book is noble womanhood. a sane study of the conditions in the South and the progress of the colored JUDSON THE PIONEER. By J. Mervin Hull. people in religion and education, in 12mo. Cloth, SO cents, net; paper, 35 home life and business. It is a useful cents. Griffith & Rowland Press, and wholesome study of the problem Philadelphia, 1913. and its solution. The life of Adoniram Judson is here told in the form of a most interesting story for boys. For the man who would read something that will recall his boyhood days, for the boy who wants a "thriller," this wjJJ

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

prove an absorbing tale of adventure during Dr. Zwemer's visit to Ameri- and achievement. ca, and the many interesting and THE IMMORTAL SEVEN. By James L. Hill. 12mo, 150 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, stirring topics that find a place in the net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Row- land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Times are so strongly presented that Adoniram and Mrs. Judson, Mr. the effect on its wide circle of read- and Mrs. Samuel Newell, Luther Rice, Gordon Hall, and Samuel Nott ers and on missionary progress must are "The Immortal Seven," the first foreign missionaries to sail from be definite and powerful. We know North America one hundred years ago. The author has presented a of no paper that gives a more promass of material in sketches which combine biography, history, romance, found spiritual note, or is more adventure, in the lives of these early missionaries. stimulating to practical Christian "EVERYLAND" FOR CHILDREN. character and service than The Sun- day-School Times. Friends of the delightful magazine started for children by Mrs. H. W. NEW BOOKS Peabody will be interested to know that the Missionary Education Move- THE EVOLUTION OF A MISSIONARY. A Biogment, the Central Committee for raphy of John Hyde De Forest. By Char- United Study, and the Council of lotte B. De Forest. Introduction by Prof. Women for Home Missions have Harlan P. Beach, D.D., RF.G.S. Illustaken over the support and publica- trated, 12mo, 299 pp. $1.50,,,net. Fleming tion of Everyland. In future it will H. Revell Company, New xark, 1914. present the interests of the home land equally with the foreign. The maga- STUDIES OF MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP (The zine is now issued by the Missionary Smyth Lectures for 1913). By Robert E. Education Movement, and is in Speer. 12mo, 283 pp. $1.50, net. Prescharge of an editorial committee com- byterian Board of Publication, Philadelposed of two representatives from phia, 1914. each organization, and one additional member chosen by all. Already the THE CHILD IN THE MIDST. A Comparative subscription list has greatly enlarged, Study of Child WeI£are in Christian and and it will have an increasing circu- Non-Christian Lands. By Mary Schauflation as it well deserves and rapidly fier Labaree (Mrs. Benjamin W. Labbecome self-supporting. The new aree). Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pp. 50 cents, number for April is most attractive net. The Central Committee on the Uniand instructive. It should be in ted Study of Foreign Missions, West every Christian home and school Medford, Mass., 1914. where there are children. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline Atwater THE SUNDAy-SCHOOL TIMES. Mason. 50 cents, net. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Philadelphia, Has been rendering valuable service 1914. to the missionary cause by its stirring articles, and the excellent bi-monthly THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTENDOM. A Study contributions to The Missionary in Religious History. By Mrs. Ashley Watch-Tower from Prof. Harlan P. Carus-Wilson. New and revised edition. Beach, of Yale. These contributions 276 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Hodder & Stoughinclude pithy, striking, up-to-date ton, London, 1913. news from the "firing-line" in the mission field, and remarkable stories MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Carl Leroy Howof recent progress in various lands. land, Ph.B. Introduction by Bishop W. Prayers for Moslems were printed T. Hogue. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

RECRUITS FOR WORLD CONQUESTS. By Prof. Lee R Scarborough. 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

AMONG THE PRIMITIVE BAKONGO. By John H. Weeks. Illustrated, 318 pp. 16s., net. Seeley, London, 1914.

A FATHER IN GOD. The Episcopate of Wil- liam West Jones, D.D., Archbishop of Capetown and Metropolitan of South Africa (1874-1908). By M. H. M. Wood. Illustrated, 500 pp. 18s., net. Macmil- lan, London, 1913.

THE HANDBOOK OF UGANDA. Compiled by H. R Wallis, C.M.G. Illustrated, map, xix-220 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Published for Government of the Uganda Protectorate by Crown Agents for the Colony, 1913.

THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCENE. By V. R Markham. 400 Jlp. 7s. 6d., net. Smith Elder, London, 1913.

[June A MASTER BUILDER ON THE NILE. Being the SILVER CHIMES IN SYRIA. Glimpses of a Missionary's Experience. By W. S. Nel- Record of the Life and Labors of John son, D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 174. pp. 75 cents, llet. The vVestminster Press, Phila- Hogg, D.D. By Rena L. Hogg. Illus- delphia, 1914.

trated, 8vo. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Rev- THE PREACHING OF ISLAM. By T. W. Ar- nold. Second edition, xvi-467 pp. ell Co., New York, 1914. 16s. 6d., net. Constable, London, 1913.

IN BLACK AND WHITE. An Interpretation THE MEXICAN PEOPLE: THEIR STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM. By L. Guteirrez de Lara and of Southern Life. By L. H. Hammond. Edgcumb Pinchon. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden With an Introduction by James H. Dil- City, N. Y., 1914.

lard, M.A., LL.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 244 FATHER LACOMBE. The Black-Robe Voy- ageur. By Katherine Hughes. Frontispp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., piece, 8vo., 467 pp. $1.50. net. Moffat, Yard & Lo., New York, 1914. New York, 1914. JAVA, SUMATRA AND THE OTHER ISLANDS THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By Ca- baton. Charles Scribner's, New York. Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo, 1912.

268 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1914.

ASPECTS OF JAPAN. Being four series of lectures delivered at the Su,mmer School for Missions, Karuizawa, 1913. By 5. H.

Wainwright, D.D., S. Anezaki, Ph.D., H.

B. Schwartz, D.D., J. N aruse. 191 pp.

70 sen. Kyo Bun KW:lll, Tokyo, 1913.

THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo. PAMPHLETS AND PERIODICALS $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. . CHINESE STUDENTS AND CHINA'S RELIGIOUS THE CROSS IN JAPAN. A Study in Achieve- AWAKENING. A complete Report of the ment and Opportunity. By Fred. Eugene Addresses and Discussions in the Con- Hagin. Illustrated, 8vo. $1.50, nct. ference of the Chinese Students' Chris- Fleming H. Revel! Co., New York, 1914. tian Association in North America, held INDIA, MALAYSIA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. at Kansas City during the Student Volun- By W. F. Oldham. The Methodist Book teer Convention in January, 1914. Fron- Concern, New York, 1914. e. e. tispiece, vi-76 pp. Paper, 25 cents per A MISSIONARY MOSAIC FROM CEYLON. By copy. S. A., 124 E. 28th Street, Edward Strutt. 251 pp. 3s. 6d., net. New York, 1914.

Kelly, London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL MISSIONS. A Sketch of the Medical and Philanthropic Work STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE MORAL AND of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. By MATERIAL PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF Abram Woodruff Halsey. Illustrated, INDIA, from 1911-1912 and the nine pre- 12mo, 127 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the Presbyterian Church, New ceding years. 427 pp. 4s. 6d. Wyman, York, 1914.

London, 1913.

CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED. By John Stuart Thomson. Illustrated, 8vo, 590 pp. $2.50, net.' Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, e. MEXICAN WAR ATLAS. 10 cents per copy. H. Hammond & Co., 30 Church Street, 1914. New York, 1914. – THE CHINESE PEOPLE. A Handbook on e. China. By A. E. Moule, D.D. Illustrated, CENTENNIAL SOUVENIR OF THE MARATHI 470 pp. 5s., net. S. P. K., London, MISSION of the American Board of 1914. Commissioners for Foreign Missiol1s, THE STORY OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA. By 1813-1913. Prepared by A. H. Clark A. R. Gray and A. M. Sherman. Illus- Illustrated, 47 pp.

trated,. 373 pp. 75 cents. Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, New York, REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL LAKE MOHONK CONFERENCE of Friends of the 1913. Indian and Other Dependent Peoples. October 22, 23 and 24, 1913. Reported THE BALKANS. By Wm. M. Sloane. $1.50, by Miss Lilian D. Powers. Edited by the Secretary. 224 pp. Lake Mohonk net. The Methodist Book Concern, New Conference, 1913.

York, 1914.

CHIN HSING (FORWARD MARCH) IN CHI- NA. By Edith Hart and Lucy C. Sturgis.

98 pp. Paper, 35 cents i cloth, 50 cents. JUDSON STORIETTES. By]. Mervin Hull. IOc. American Baptist Foreign Mis- Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- sion Society, Boston, 1913.

ciety, New York, 1914.

BULGARIA AND HER PEOPLE. Together with A LIVELY TRIP WITH SHWE O. 3c. Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society, an Account of the Bulgars in Macedonia. Boston, 1913. By Professor Will S. Monroe. Illus- THE HANDBOOK OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST trated, $3.00, net. The Page Company, FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY. Maps, pp. II7. 25c., net. Ford Building, Boston, Boston, 1914.

REVOLUTION AND OTHER TALES. By Mar- garet E. Baldwin. 16mo., pp. 96. Is. net.

Church Missionary Society, London, 1913. 1913·

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1914

BILLINGS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VJORLD, APRIL, 1914 TYENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1. Vhy did an angry woman in India tear the carriage-doors off their hinges?

2. 'What did Dr. Somerville call the best prayer-book in the world? 3. What traveler sent a postal-card that a Boston policeman wanted to have framed and hung in his room? 4. 'Then was a red handkerchief wound in a man's turban like the scarlet cord hung from Rahab's window in Jericho? 5. 'What is the significance of the House of Service in Bombay? 6. When was a special government cruiser used to take delegates to a Christian student convention? 7. What was the reply of the woman in India when asked why she was measuring her length in the dust? 8. How many graduates of Japanese Government colleges have gone into Christian work? 9. How many members are enrolled in the Chinese Student Vo!tm- teer Movement? 10. Why could not the servant maid be trusted to dust the library? 11. iVhen did a page from a hymn-book save the possessor from being shot as a spy in Mexico? 12. Nhy did some village mayors commit to memory the story of the life of Christ? 13. In the Hindu Congress what vote was passed in reference to the Untouchables? 14. What would be the population of the United States of America if it were as densely populated as China? IS. In what non-Christian country is' paid newspaper advertising being used to spread the Gospel? 16. What is done in Nigeria with a person who has been struck by lightning? I7. What effect did the arrival of a baby have on cannibals? 18. Where do Christians not only have the habit of asking a blessing before eating, but also regularly offer prayers before start- ing out to work? 19. What interesting object was found under the basket on a heap of ashes in India? 20. In what ceremony of initiation did they use a Koran, a Bible, and a revolver?

~"",".WfliIlWl1lll1il~,Jl1 Born in Boston, December 12, 1842. Died in Shanghai, January 29, 1914 President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; Chairman of tlle Executive Committee of the Laymen's IVlissionary Movemetnt; President of the Congregational Sund.y-School and Publishing Society; President of the Board of Trustees of Wellesley College; President of the Massa- chusetts Peace Society, etc., etc., etc.

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, NO.4 APRIL, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.4 Old Series New Series Signs of the' Times THEMASS MOVEMENTS IN INDIA induce them to accept Christ; for it readiness of low-caste or out- is seriously alleged that 15,000,000 caste peoples in India to enroll people among India's lower classes as Christian catechumens must not are practically certain to come into be understood always to mean an in.,. the Church as soon as they are telligent acceptance of Christ as Lord invited. And many are pressing and Savior. It is often due to a desirl! for the privilege, Missionaries reto escape from the evils of their low- port that they are being constantly caste condition. This desire is, how,,, beset by in,vitations from all direcever, a God-given opportunity to tions to go out into the country vilgive them the Gospel. The extent of lages and baptize the people. The this movement Christward is shown btrongest center of this movement is by an investigation made recently by in the neighborhood of Delhi, where The Indian Witness (Calcutta) iu 350,000 people are ready to embrace the seven large geographical areas Christianity. But there are also where so-called mass movements of almost equal phenomenal trends of the lower classes toward Christianity the same nature in the Punjab and· have been observed. In all these sec- Central Provinces, and in Baroda. tions, large as they are, The Witness found only 20 foreign missionaries A CONFERENCE OF VIUAG£ at work. Yet within these areas and MAYORS IN INDIA under such necessarily restricted instruction, 140,000 people have been AMERICA and England have spebaptized in the last few years. But this number, large as it is, bears no cial meetings for street-car concomparison to The Witness's stag- ductors, for policemen, for business gering estimate of the numbers who men and others, but in India a speare ready to come and really await mal BiblE; conference has been held nothing more than the invitation to for the mayors, or head men, of vil- . lages, who have become interested in Christianity, It was expected that The editors seek 10 preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REvn:w, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions e~rest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. possibly 50 or 60 might attend, but among the Yoruba people. On a re- to the astonishment of the mission- cent tour in one of the inland dis- aries, more than 200 presented them- tricts the Government officer in selves for ins"truction. They were charge remarked that before long the accompanied by their wives and chil- whole district would be Christian.

dren, and remained in attendance Statistics bear out this statement.

about two weeks. Part of the time Certain it is that heathenism is was devoted to study of the life and doomed. In many villages the teachings of Christ, and part to the church, in others the mosque. is tak- discussion of village problems, in- ing the place of the idol groves. In cluding idolatry and superstitious the next decade or two the question customs. will be settled whether the Cross or The great temptation to the aver- the Crescent, Christ or Mohammed, age village Christian in India has is to be in possession of this country.

been participation in heathen birth- Jf the Christian Church· is only day rites, heathen wedding cere- sufficiently alive she will win the monies, and special feast-day cele- people for her Master. In any case brations. After much prayerful there can be no doubt of the wide- consideration, it was decided by the spread movement toward Christian- assembled mayors that as these cus- ity at the present time.

toms are opposed to the teachings of "At a recent meeting of the gov- Jesus, they must be banished from erning body of the mission we had community life at any cost. There- before us 50 urgent claims for teach- fore they pledged themselves to use ers for important places where there their best efforts to abolish them. were already considerable congrega- • This effort will have far-reaching tions, and our supply for the year consequences because these 200 vil- from our training institutions was lage mayors preside over a popula- only l5!

tion of fully 40,000 people among Give us sufficient missionaries, help the deprest classes. Those who were us to train sufficient teachers, and unable to read memorized the story we may be able so to seize the oppor- of Christ's life in order that they tunity that a strong and living might tell it and apply its teachings Church may be the outcome of the to the life of their villagers. Such present movement, and this will conferences may be greatly used in affect the whole of West Africa."

the development of Christianity in WOMEN UNITE IN MISSIONARY India. EFFORT A MASS MOVEMENT IN NIGERIA T HE women's boards of missions T HE mass movements to Chris- are leading the way in the cause tianity which have been so strik- of Church unity, for while the ing a feature of missionary work in churches are still mainly discussing India, are being reproduced in other unity, they have formed, quietly and countries, for a writer in the Church almost unknown to the public, a union Missionary Review tells of a similar called the Federation of Women's movement in Southern Nigeria, Boards of Foreign Missions of the

OF THE TIMES

United States, composed of represen- blanks, for many Home Mission sot2.tives of I7 denominational boards cieties do not know the facts about and the National Board of Young their own fields, and others are un- 'Nomen's Christian Associations. willing to make public the fads they have. This work of the committee, There are four Territorial Com- however, is a step in advance, and missions connected with the Federa- we expect that in a few years the 11on, with headquarters at New York, work of Home Mission Boards will Chicago, Nashville, San Francisco. be coordinated, studied, and systema- There is also a General Advisory tized so as to bring it up to the same Commission, with headquarters at standard of efficiency as that of For- New York. The object of the Fed- eign Missions. The really scientific, eration is to promote unity, Chris- united study of Horne Missionary tian fellowship and cooperation problems and progress has only just among women's boards; to encourage begun. In Foreign Missions such and disseminate the best methods of study began some twenty-five years work, and to unitedly plead for the outpouring of the Spirit of God upon ago. the Church of Christ. In the present statistical report, the The Boards of Home Missions have work of thirty-eight Home Missionfollowed much the same lines. Be- ary organizations are more or less ginning with the publication of fully reported. They show a total of united study books, then holding $IO,6S3,II9 appropriated for work in summer schools of missions, they America, through the Home Mission organized in I908 the Council of Boards. Of this amount only $1,046,- Women for Home Missions. 335 is for general evangelism. The totals given are as follows: THE HOME MISSIONARY For Support of Mission STATISTICS Churches ……….. $3.116.242.98 T HE Home Missions Council, com- " Church and Parsonage Buildings ……….. 614,988.99 posed of representatives of the various Boards operating in America, " General Evangelism .. 1,046,335.07 has already achieved much in the in- " Work Among Immiterests of harmony, cooperation, and progress in North American mis- grants …………. . 445,326.91 sions. Their committee on the sur- " American Indians …. . 256,115.88 vey and occupation of the field have " Mountaineers …….. . 221,878.04 presented a preliminary report, and " the Negroes ……… . 403,611.11 it is hoped that the result will be a " Other Dependent readjustment of workers in oversupplied and in neglected territory. Peoples ………… . 253,168.50 " Alaska …………… . 105,392.60 The Committee on Statistics has " Cuba and Porto Rico .. 255,592.90 also collected the first comprehensive ," Sunday-school Missions ~7,133.66 set of Home Mission statistics that .. Maintenance of Mission have ever been gathered for the united States. As might be expected, these Schools ………… . 1,085,207.31 are still incomplete, having many .. Publication Work …. . 446,067.39 " Specials ………….. . 593,637.36 The Presbyterian Board of Home Missions reports the largest budget- amounting to $1.475.853.81, while the

Methodist Episcopal Board (North) cd, churchless people, and some negcomes second with $1,000,715.92, and lected areas, but in proportion to the the American Christian Missionary money spent on the remainder of the Society third with $881,180.14. In non-Christian world the amount cost of administration the Methodists spent for Christian work in the Uni- (North) stand first, $65,316.42 (631;l ted States is not small. per cent.); the Protestant Episcopal Church, second, $57.477.00 (includ- There is still great need for coing foreign administration expenses) ; operation and an earnest study of and the Presbyterians are third- Home Mission problems. A clearing $54,033-49 (3% per cent.). house for information on the sub- ject is needed, and an executive com- No record is given of the number mittee from all the Boards could of missionaries, churches, or schools make a valuable presentation of the supported, or of the number of com- present weaknesses and needs of the municants or conversions. If these fig- Home Missionary situation. ures could be obtained they would make an interesting study. From the UNITED HOME MISSION EFFORT financial statement little can be learned in regard to efficiency. We UTAH presents a unique field, in note, however, that the Baptist Home that it is the home of "Islam in Mission Society makes the largest appropriation from its budget for America"-the organization s elf – education; the Methodists and the termed the "Latter-Day Saints," but American Christian Missionary So- not so recognized by others. Utah ciety for church sustentation; the has, therefore, been one of the most Presbyterians (North) for evangel- difficult of the Home Mission fields ism and education, and the Protestant and presents an unusually strong Episcopal Church for "specials." challenge to all evangelical Chris- tians to win this mountain stronghold In work for special classes the for Christ. Presbyterians (North) spend most on the immigrants, Alaska, and Indians; On February 9th and 10th an imthe Methodist Women's Home Mis- portant conference was held in Salt sionary Society for the mountaineers; Lake City between representatives of the United Presbyterians for the ne- the various Protestant churches of groes; the Protestant E pis cop a 1 Utah and a deputation frol11 the Church for Cuba and for publication Home Missions Council. The purwork. pose was to consider united plans for the advancement of vital Christianity There is, no doubt, much more in Utah. Papers were read by money snent on Home Missions than Bishop Spalding, of the Protestant is here reported. Over half of the Episcopal Church; by Rev. P. A. Boards did not respond to the re- Simpkin, of the Congregational quest for figures. City Missions also Church; by Dr. Bowennan, of the demand a large amount, and the ex- Baptist Church, and others. It was penses of self-supporting churches pointed out that public school educaare estimated to reach over $275,- tion is making rapid advance in 000,000. America has many neglect- Utah, and that Mormons also have their own academics and colleges.

As a result, there is not a great need The flrst part translated and pub- for Protestant missions to conduct lished comprises the epistles to the schools for secular education, except Thessalonians, and the text of West- for the sake of offering distinctively cott and Hart has been made the Christian training. general basis of the translation. In There is need for progress and re- the critical notes appended various adjustment among th~ various de- Protestant scholars are mentioned, nominations in their church work. and the editors frankly declare:· "The The whole field should be surveyed great advances made in textual criti- by a representative body, in order cism, the light thrown upon New that any towns or fields comparative- Testament Greek by the Egyptian ly over-supplied with Protestant papyri, and the existence of many churches may reach a union agree- needless· obscurities and faults in the ment, and that the unoccupied or current version [the Douai], all de- poorly manned fields may be sup- mand a more accurate translation, if plied. Steps were taken at the Con- the exhortations of the Holy See to a ference to organize a State Federa- more frequent and fruitful perusal of tion of "1orkers, with a representa- the sacred writings are to meet with tive council. This Federation is to general acceptance."

hold a two-weeks' institute each year T to bring together pastors and other SLAVERY A LIVE ISSUE STILL workers to study the problems before HERE is still much to be done to them. Let other States follow with drive slavery out of Africa, but some such plan for united study of the statement of the Echo de Paris their field and aggressive cooperative that the French have done away with effort. the slave markets in Morocco means that the first step has been taken CATHOLICS TRANSLATING THE toward the abolition of slavery in BIBLE that country. Something over 3,000 slaves, it is estimated, are imported I T is significant that in these days .of world-wide distribution and into Morocco every year, most of study of the Bible, the Roman Catho- them being brought by the terrible lic Church should also have a move- desert routes from Equatoria and the ment toward a more accurate knowl- Sudan, the trails of the slave cara- edge of it. The Douai version, which, vans being marked by the bleaching according to the canon law, must be bones of the thousands.

used whenever the gospels or epistles In England an important memorial are read in the church service, was has been presented to Premier As- based on the Latin Vulgate in 1610, quith, in which the Government was and reproduces its faults. Two at- urged to take some action to sup- tempts have been made within the press the alleged slavery. This was last hundred years to produce trans- signed by such notable men as Lord lations from the original Greek, and Cromer, Lord Curzon, and James noW two English Jesuits have under- Bryce. The Committee of the Anti- taken a translation which has the Slavery and Aborigines Protective Papal approbation. Society has decided to take imme- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD diate steps with the object of creat- practise. The evangelical Christians ing a sister organization in America are in the supremacy, and those of to cooperate with the English society different denominations are uniting to in watching all matters in which evangelize France on spiritual lines. joint Anglo-American action might They rely not on mental argument but be desirable. The officials of the on the power of the Holy Spirit. English society say it is admitted that "Free thinking" is losing ground in slave owning, slave trading, and the country at large, especially great cruelty to native races are among educated classes, and the rewidely prevalent throughout the ligious spirit is returning. If French tropical regions of South America Protestant Christians can be thorand Mexico, but the trouble is that oughly awakened, there may be ex- Great Britain can not act without pected a movement of the masses appearing to menace the Monroe toward full surre'nder to the claims of Doctrine, while, on the other hand, Jesus Christ. Pray for France. Washington apparently hesitates to act alone for fear of creating a feel- MISSIONS IN THE CURRICULUM ing of resentment throughout South America. The Latin republics are W HAT would men with a worldaware of this dilemma, and are playing off Great Britain against Amer- wide vision have thought fifty, ica, so as to block reforms. Hence, or even twenty-five years ago, if it is said, the only solution is joint they had been told that to-day uni- Anglo-American action. v e r sit i e s would be establishing "chairs of missions" and comparative SPIRITUAL LIFE IN FRANCE religion? It is an impre sive sign of the increasing acknowledgment of the FRANCE, the land so intimately importance of missions and mission associated with infidelity and im- study that Teachers' College of Columbia University in New York purity, is also the land of the Hugue~ City has recently established such a nots and other devoted followers of chair. To this position has been Christ. Among French Protestants, called Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, honorary who were so long fettered by State educational secretary of the Presbycontrol, there are to-day many signs terian Board of Foreign Missions. of a deepening of spiritual life. Pastor The aim of this new department will Ruben Saillens writes that the sepa- be to give special preparation to ration of Church and State, with its young people who plan to become attendant loss of financial support to teachers on the foreign mission the Church, has brought new power fields. with the necessity of self-support. The greatest enemies to-day are within The next step should be the inthe Church itself. Those who hold to troduction of mission study courses rationalistic criticism of the Bible and in all our denominational colleges and modern views of Christ and the atone- theological seminaries. Drew Theoment are contending for supremacy logical Seminary has recently called with those who take Christ and the Prof. E. D. Soper, of Ohio Wesleyan Bible as their standards for fajth and College, to their newly established chair of missions.

CC1Uest we~ QHALL not this Dialrram remind us of

I t ,,~~ WORLD'S NEED and the OPPORTU N ITV orget. Lfthe BIBLE SOCIETIES ve us to meet it.

LANGUAGES TRANSLATED .. -. -.. … … … 500 I AND DIALECTS AWAITING TRANSLATION … … … 1,000 ~ Every day may make or mar tbe future of great peoples. tOOl

S. B. CAPEN AND THE AMERICAN BOARD CENTENARY COM;f1SSION AND STANDJNG COMMITTEE OF BOMBAY

Standing, at left: Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., and his son, R. E. Hume. Seated, f rom left to right: Miss Bridgman, Miss Hall, Rev. G. A. H~lIl Mrs, Ball, Pre.ident Capen, Nrs , Cap~n, lIiiss Cilpell, lIii§s j3.oQmgn, pr, W, /,;, Stropg, I'! irq,!l, gl right; R~y, Willi.!!] Hll<e!];

B. CAPEN AT SIXTEEN, HIS BROTHER AND

Samuei Capen stands to the left. His brother died after serving in the Army. The fae… of the parents show their refinement and Christian character A Christian .Layman with Power A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF SAMUEL B. CAPEN BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTO N , MASS.

AMUEL BILLINGS ton City Missionary Society, and of the United Society of Christian Endeavor. mS CAPEN. born in Bos- He was one of the prime movers in mu- ton, Mass., December nicipal reform, represented by the Bos- 12, 1842, ah i died in ton Municipal League, of which he was Shanghai, China, Jan- an officer. He was a member of the uary 29, 1914. Educa- Boston School Committee, and for one year was chairman of the Board. A ted in the Quincy member and an officer in the Boston Chamber of Commerce, and a member Grammar and the English High Schools of the Board of Managers of its North American Civic League for Immigrants, of Boston, he began his business career and a leading member of the Watch and Ward Society. At the time of his death in 1859 as a clerk in a carpet firm, which he was president of the Board of Trus- tees of Wellesley College; chairman {If he helped to reorganize as a partner in the Executive Committee, as well as charter member, of the Laymen's Mis- 1864. In this firm of Torrey, Bright. sionary Movement; president of the Massachusetts Peace Society, and a trusand Capen he remained active until five tee of the World Peace Foundation; years ago, when he retired, that he might give his entire time to re- ligious and philanthropic work. He held many and diversified positions of influence. He was president of the Congregational Sunday-school and Pub- lishing Society, director of the American Congregational Association, of the Bos-

president of the Massachusetts Bible to a great number associated with Society; and also president of the Amer- him in a variety of enterprises, a ican Board of Commissioners for For- sense of personal bereavement, and eign Missions, to which position he was this feeling is not confined to the elected in 1899. communion of which he was a con- spicuous member, but extends to a In September of last year he started far wider circle, among all com- for India at the head of a commission munions. We know that the es- to represent the American Board at the teem, honor, and even affection, in centenary services commemorating a which he was held, was not because hundred years of American Missions in of any official position in state or India, and also to speak for the World nation, or for any books that he had Peace Foundation. He attended the written, for unusual administrative commemorative services held in Bombay ability exercised in connection with and also in Ahmednagar, during the first some institution or institutions, for half of November, giving addresses of any great measures inaugurated, or striking force and significance upon each for any display of conspicuous abil- occasion. He then spent one and a half ity or brilliancy. months in inspecting mission work in India and Ceylon and in giving ad- Dr. Capen was a layman in the dresses, sailing for the farther East from church, and an unofficial citizen in Colombo, Ceylon, on December 28th. After his own city and State, but one al- brief stops at Canton and Fuchau, he ways ready, even eager, to contrib- reached Shanghai late in January. He ute, to the extent of his capacity, to was accompanied upon this journey by the welfare of all, and to give him- Mrs. Capen and their only daughter, also self for the success of every worthy by Dr. William E. Strong, editorial sec- enterprise having as its end the pro- retary, and Rev. George A. Hall, a memo tection of the opprest, the elevation ber of the Prudential Committee of tlF and Christianization of society, and American Board. On the 26th of Jan- the consummation of the Kingdom uary he became ill of pneumonia, and of God on earth. He regarded his on the 29th he was not, for God had position as teacher in the Sunday- taken him. The body was cremated at school of his home church as equally. . Shanghai. in;portant work as the performan~e of his duties as chairman of the After hearing Dr. Capen's addresses, Executive Committee of the Lay- and meeting him personally, the na- men's Missionary Movement and as tives of India, both Christian and president of the American Board of Hindu, were astonished to know that Commissioners for Foreign Missions. he was not a clergyman. Why a lay- To each task he gave his best. Here- man should leave his home and his in lies the secret of the general sense business and travel around the world of loss when it was known that his upon such a mission, was beyond pIace in these varied organizations their comprehension. This attitude and interests had become vacant, and of mind can be more readily under- the reason why the great number of stood when we know that his ad- those closely associated with him dress, delivered before the great cen- were conscious that they had lost not tenary gathering at Bombay, met to celebrate one hundred years of American missions in India, was upon the subject, "The Cross of Christ."

The news of his death has given

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH POWER

only a highly valued co-worker, but Every gathering, society, and com- a real personal friend. mittee was glad to see Mr. Capen It is too early to give an adequate come in; he brought cheer and op- Cbtimate of the character and life of timism and courage.

this Christian layman, who, tho de- (2) He wa:s able to harmonize prived of what we are accustomed to discordant elements. Perhaps in this call a liberal education, had been faculty lies one of the secrets of the honored by three well-known col- desire of so many organizations to leges with university degrees, who have him on the board. Perhaps the displayed marked qualities of leader- earliest, and one of the most con- ship, entered into a wide variety of spicuous, illustrations of this ability activities, touched many vital inter- was his influence on the Boston ests in city and State, and was closely School Board, which position he held related to so many benevolent and for five years, at a critical time in its religions organizations affecting di- history. Politics, and perhaps some- rectly the betterment of society and thing worse, had got into the Board, the triumph of the Church. and reforms were necessary to save We will consider a few of the out- the school system of Boston. The s tan din g characteristics of Dr. Board itself was made up of a num- Capen, each one of which has con- ber of inharmonious and contending tributed materially to his conspicuous elements. To this body Mr. Capen success as a Christian layman and was elected, and here he had one of leader. his first severe schoolings, testing (I) He was invariably cordial and his ability to the utmost, to unite courteous. No one ever saw Mr. warring forces and make them act Capen crabbed and out-of-sorts. He together for the best interests of the was always full of good nature, the city. He succeeded even beyond his embodiment of kindness and thought- own expectations. He Was later fulness to all. This temper and elected chairman of the Board, and spirit was equally manifest in all to the end of his official service his circles and to all classes. A young committee was with him. This fac- man who had come up from the mes- ulty, developed under those early try- senger service told the writer that he ing circumstances, he carried with always was delighted to have a mes- him into every committee and every sage to carry to Mr. Capen, jecause organization of which he became a he never failed to get from him a member.

word of comfort and cheer and en- (3) His interests and sympathies <:ouragement. This good-nature had were world-wide. This statement is become a part of his character and abundantly revealed by the variety of temperament; it was as natural to objects to which he gave himself. In him as to breathe. He was fond of his local church he was one of the a good story, and knew well how to most earnest and conspicuous work- tell one. He was· slow to criticize ers. His interest in the Indian anyone, and refrained from speak- question was manifest by his early ing evil. If he could not say a good relation to the organization having thing for a person, he: kept silent. for its object the protection of our

aborigines. His relation to the North Mr. Capen's interests and activities American Civic League for Immi- we can not but be imprest with their grants, and the articles which he variety and breadth. wrote upon that subject, revealed (4) He was most unselfish. I his deep interest in the immigration venture the statement that no one problem. His pOSltlOn upon the ever knew of his seeking any posi- School Board, to which reference has tion for himself, or of his consulting just been made, and his leadership his own personal wishes and desires in civic and political organizations before undertaking any assigned that had for their object the clean- task. The one question that he ing-up of the city and the purifying seemed to ask himself was: What of politics, showed how he threw ought to be done? And when that himself into the cause of civic order . question was definitely settled, it and righteousness. He had long never was revised or reviewed at been identified with peace propagan- the bar of, What would I like perda, attending with great regularity sonally to do? He was not afraid the arbitration conferences at Lake of the categorical imperative "ought," Mohonk; was widely recognized in and never seemed to allow any the Massachusetts Peace Society as place, in discussing his daily task, a leader, was made its honored for his personal likes and dislikes. president, and was also trustee of If he took a parlor car, it was for the World Peace Foundation. His the purpose of husbanding his interest in general education is mani- strength, that he might better accomfested by his efforts for the schools plish the object of the journey. of Boston and by his election to the The reports which have come back Board of Trustees of WeHesley Col- from his recent work as a member of lege, and, later, to the presidency the American Board Commission to of that Board. He had long been Jndia, have demonstrated the truth known in his own denomination as a of this statement. At every point, promoter and supporter of home fro111 the time he sailed until the missions, he serving for some years time of his death, he gave himself to as president on one of the home mis- others. The abandon with which he sionary boards, in which capacity he did this was a marvel to the misrendered conspicuous service. He sionaries, as well as to his associates. was equally interested in city mis- He consulted only the wishes of sions; and for the last fourteen years others and what seemed to be the he most ably filled the position of right thing to do. Had he consulted president of the American Board of more his own resources of strength, Commissioners for Foreign Missions. it is possible that he might have re- He took a prominent part in the sisted the disease that finally came Ecumenical Missionary Conference, upon him, but with his characteristic held in N ew York in I 900, and also unselfishness he had given all he had in the Edinburgh Conference, in of reserve physical power. 19IO. He thoroughly identified him- (5) He was unfailingly prompt. self with all foreign missionary in- He lost much time during his busy terests. As we survey the range of life of activity waiting for others,

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH

but other members of his boards and ence to his own addresses. I woncommittees never lost time waiting der if anybody ever knew of his for him. Those who served with robbing his successors of their time him on boards of which he was the in a program. In this characteristic, chairman soon learned that if they Dr. Capen was a splendid example, were not on time at the appointed not only to laymen, but to minisplace of meeting, they would find ters. business in progress when they arrived . It was a part of his religious (6) He was thorough in prepa:– creed to be on time. This prompt- ation. Dr. Capen did not give unness was contagious among those prepared addresses. Whenever he who were associated with him. That was to be present on an occasion where he had not been informed that DR. SAMUEL B. CAPEN'S SUMMER HOME AT FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS same habit of promptness made him an address would be expected from an ideal presiding officer. Speakers him, he was usually ready in case he who attempted to exceed their time should be suddenly called upon; but limit, when a time limit had been put on all occasions when he knew that into his hands as the responsible he was to be called upon, preparation presiding officer, did so at their peril. was made with painstaking care. His It was difficult for a speaker who addresses were usually completely would steal time which belonged to written out, and often weeks in adother speakers to go very far when vance. Before going on this last the chairman' was standing at his commission, he knew that he was to side with his arm thrown over his deliver several important addresses. shoulder. It was all done in a kind- These were prepared in detail a long ly spirit, and always with an apol- time before he sailed from America, ogy, but, nevertheless, with a firm- and were carefully studied and got ness that no one felt able to resist. well in hand on the journey to India. He was equally prompt with refer- Anyone who has heard him re-

port a meeting of a committee, or This money alone, if carefully in- anything else, knows h~w thoroughly vested, would have amounted at the that report was prepared and pre- present time to many times his total sented, beginning at the beginning, assets. Probably there is no one liv- and including all the essential details, ing, except those who have access to its conclusion, in a way to make to his l11en~orancla, who knows. or those who heard fully comprehend will know, the extent of his giving. what had been done, and even to If all Christians should give with catch the atmosphere in which it was the same liherality, there would be done. His reports were so compre- no lack, at home or abroad. Some bensive that there was little to be five years ago he retired from busisaid when he had finished. He was ness in order that he might give more as careful in preparing a report as of himself to benevolent work. The ill preparing an address. These, too, 'only hesitation that he seemed to were written out and arranged in have on this point was, that if he rekgical order. Noone ever heard tired from business he would neces- Dr. Capen present a nebulous recom- sarily have less money to give for the mendation after hazy preliminary objects to which he had been giving. ~tatements. His habit of taking copious notes was of great value to (8) He was loyal to every cltuse him in making thorough preparation. he espoused. His pastor tells us that there was no more loyal member of '(7) He was liberal. Altho never his church than this man, identified a rich man, even at the time of his with so many interests outside. He death, yet there are few who had says it was difficult for him to get forme~ so thoroughly the habit of ahead of Mr. Capen in ca1ling upon giving to so wide a range of objects. new members that had come into the He lived modestly, and saved money, neighborhood, or upon those suffer- "that," as he frequently said, "he ing from some affliction. Repeatedmight give more." It has already ly the pastor would arrive to find been shown how freely he gave of that Mr. Capen had already been himself and his time to other than there. There is no committee on personal interests. And while his which he ever served, or any organigifts of money were never large- zation with which he was officially and could not be large-yet the range connected, that did not have every of them was almost as wide as reason to feel that this man Christian benevolence. Had he given was absolutely loyal to the cause. the time that he devoted to outside He was loyal to his denomieffort to the making of money, and nation, and was ready always to had he contributed on the scale fol- serve, and to serve faithfully, on any lowed by many under his circum- committee, board, or commission to stances, he might have died a mil- which he was elected; and he had lionaire. The aggregate of his bene- filled the highest positions in the gift factions ran annually, in his later of the denomination. He was loyal years, into thousands of dollars, and to the peace movement, and gave were from the beginning in practical- many addresses on that subject, even ly the same proportion to his income. on his last trip through India and

A CHRISTIAN LAyMAN WITH POWER

Ceylon, and in China; and many en- trom his home, was shown a picture gagements were awaiting him 111 of Mr. Capen. and asked if he knew North China and Japan to speak on the man. His reply was: "Know world-brotherhood. He was loyal him? Why, I had a card from him to the college of which he was presi- the other day, from Bombay, India, dent of the Board of Trustees. No which I am going to frame and hang one ever questions his profound loy- up in my home." alty to foreign missions. As soon as he was elected president of the Missionaries have written from American Board, he began to make along his route of travel in India and foreign missions his study, and iden- Ceylon, that his tireless energy was tified himself with the great cause. the marvel of everybody. He was And so if we run through the whole constantly at something. His colrange of Dr. Capen's activities we leagues spoke of his activity on board find that everywhere he was true to ship, where he seemed never to rest, every cause with which he was per- acting as if he must be about somesonally identified. He always rang thing all the time in order to accomtrue. plish what he felt should be accom- plished. The members of his family (9) He was a tireless worker. say that, sometimes, at his summer This may be considered a part of his home, he did relax, and yet those unselfishness and of his liberality and who knew him less intimately are of his loyalty; and yet it is a sub- led to wonder if even in those peject which may well stand by itself. riods he was not making plans either He was never passive. One having for addresses yet to be delivered, or much to do with him often wondered for some pending meeting at whicl; if he ever wholly relaxed. Through he was to preside. Mr. Capen, in his methodical, prompt methods, he his seventy-one years, actually lived had his days so cut out and organ- more tha~ many who have rounded ized, that by carrying out his pro- out their fourscore years and ten. gram the day's task could be done, Lut to carry out one of his programs ( 10) He was preeminently a man required a spirit of tireless energy of prayer. However much Dr. Cathat knew no respite. It was only pen's success seemed to depend upon thus that he achieved what he did the characteristics mentioned above, during his years of activity. The fact no one who knew his heart and the that on the work of the commission, inner throbbing of his life would for which took him through India and a moment hesitate to say, that these Ceylon and Southern China, he wrote were but superficial, that the real a weekly letter to his Sunday-school success was because he lived close class, which required from twelve to to God, and held constant commufifteen minutes to read, is but an in- nion with Him. Prayer was his life. dication of the tireless energy of the The morning watch was to him a man. The other day a policeman, necessity for the work of the day. who guards the crossing in front of Those who have planned with him the station in Boston, which Mr. and traveled with him know how Capen used in going and coming easy and natural it was for him to say, "Now this is a very important

matter; let us pray over it"; or, "To- and was giving him strength and morrow is going to be a most un- lifting from his heart loads thel[ usual day, with great possibilities. otherwise would have crusht. His Let us pray much to-night, that God vital breath was prayer. may lead us into it." He always acted as if he was not his own, that The life of Dr. Capen is a conhe belonged to God; and so he kept crete example of what one man, 110t close to his Leader. physically strong, not liberally edu- cated, as we use the term, may ac- Perhaps it is not known to all, complish. There is no mystery conthat, in his young manhood, he had nected with this life that is gone, and a serious illness, when friends de- that has been and is such an example spaired of his life. In a meeting of and inspiration. The only secret is young people, when personal expe- the secret of the presence of the riences were being told, Dr. Capen Holy Spirit and a complete consetold of his experience at that time, cration to the service of God and when he went to God in prayer, and man. promised Him that, if his life was spared, he would dedicate it to Chris- Dr. Capen welcomed opportunitian work, and that he would be ties for service, and took upon himready to perform any task, however self gladly heavy burdens, when heavy, that God might put upon him, most men shun them. He consulted without murmur or complaint. Hi~ what ought to be done, when most life was spared, and the vow was of us consult our own inclinations. most faithfully kept, even to the He went out of his way to speak ~, hour of his translation. In perplex- kindly word, when most of us reity he prayed; at times of special frain, even tho opportunity knocks satisfaction and joy, he turned to at our doors. He regarded the God in prayer. His courageous op- Church as worthy of the best service timism came from his supreme faith of his hand, his heart, and his life, in the God who hears and answers when far too many give it scant prayer. His prayer list was a long reverence, and· less personal service. one. His belief in prayer was as He looked upon the world as a simple and as natural as his belief in world that had been redeemed by God and in his own personal exist- Christ, and that needed to know ence. In this prayer-life he found Him, and he had no narrow view of his strength in that he thus cast his the means by which humanity was to burdens upon God, taking Him at be lifted toward heaven. His conhis word. He was able to make his ception of the Kingdom was as broad life the power that it became in so as the world itself, and to the conmany different ways because not he summation of this Kingdom he gladbut his God was bearing the burdens, ly and freely gave himself and his life.

Me~ are not interested in missions because they are ignorant of them. It is not more exhortatIon they need. but more information. Our parishes at home number 60,000,000 people and for them we areo giving $275,000,000. Our parishes abroad number 600.000,000. at least. and we are only giving $15,000,000 for them. Protestants in the United States could easilv furnish twice as many missionaries as they are sending. and then it would mean only lout of 1,000, and the remaining 999 could support him.-S. B. CAPEN.

India-One Hundred -yTears

and Now SOME NOTEWORTHY CHANGES IN THE MISSIONARY SITUATION BY REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., SUM :[]T, N. J.

For Thirty Years Missionary of the American Board at Bombay, India S a tree a century old title of Christian or are enrolled in some department of missionary ac- EAJ is very different from tivity. Those who have given their the tender shoot from religion to the c~nsus-taker as "Christian" number about four mil- which it started, so ~ the present conditions confronting missions lions. It is not, however, the num- in India is in marked contrast to that ber of nominal Christians that counts, which existed one hundred years ago. but the character and the influence In entering upon the new century of their lives. The vital question to of Christian work in India it is of he considered is this: Is the Indian great importance that we study the Church giving to India what the present situation and understand the missionary at his best has given and causes which have brought it about. is giving? Are Indian Christians First of all we must not make the drawing men to Christ? If this is mistake of thinking that the statistics true to-day, then the change in the of missions register the progress of missionary situation is evident, for a Christianity. They understate the transforming force has been called progress, and, moreover, they are into being that did not exist before.

often misleading. Statistics can not Such a changed situation calls for make any adequate record of the a difference in the form of mission- important fact that a great change ary effort. Those who have lived in has taken place in Indian thought and close contact with the Indian Church life, outside of the Christian Church. know that out of that Church there This change tends toward a Christ- is entering into Indian thought and like form, even tho it may not have life an influence as pure and noble, reached the fulness of His stature. and as Christlike as comes from Statistics also mislead the student the missionaries sent from Chris- because they include in the Christian 1 tian lands. It is not surprizing that Church all who bear the name moral and spiritual weaknesses and Christian, regardless of their true deformities are found among the character and influence. Many may four millions of Indian Christians, be called Christians who are really but it is true that a Christlike light, plltting stumbling-blocks in the path as pure as any Christian land can of Christian progress. Statistics are show, does flow from that source to of value, but they merely record the drive away the darkness of ages.

number of Indians who claim the The missionary is no longer the

only, or even the chief, example of new condition 111 the missionary Christlike living, for India has her situation. own sons and daughters who live true, godly, generous, pure, self- India has always had high ethical sacrificing, Christlike lives. standards, as her literature and the lives of her great men and women The Indian and the Missionary abundantly prove, but low and de- basing ethical ideas have coexisted To-day, therefore, the missionary with the high. Their concept of God, situation calls for cooperation with or the gods, has led the Hindu mind the Indian Christians. Upon them to believe in the lower, rather than must rest the chief responsibility for the higher moral standards. For this bringing India to Christ. This means the Puranic literature is largely rethe strengthening of the hands of sponsible, as well as a philosophy Indian Christians in order that they that fell in easily with the popumay do the needed work. It means lar demand. There was a time the bringing into their lives nobler when it would have been difficult to ideals, so that they in turn may pass prophesy what ethical position even them on to the many whom they a Hindu of the best type would take. touch. There must be concentration Taught from his childhood to beof effort on the tender lives of their lieve in caste as a divine ordinance, children in order that they may be- could we think that he would ever com(l men and women of spiritual denounce it as in conflict with the and moral power, and may exemplify ideal of the brotherhood of man? the Christlike life in its noblest form. Taught to believe that the duty of a The best method of evangelizing widow was to burn herself on the India is to be sought for in the best funeral pyre of her husband, could methods of educating and training we assume that the idea of the the Indian Christiari boy and girl. sacredness of human life would lead him to oppose such suicide? Could Changes in Thought and Life a Brahman, even of the noblest type, have been trusted to act the good Another change that can not be Samaritan to one of the sixty milpresented through statistics or lions of "untouchables," even tho colored charts is the great change in compassionate by nature, when rethought and life throughout the ligion and custom and caste rules length and breadth of India. Natur- made their touch polluting? alIy, this is to be found chiefly in the thinking class, as against the In former days the missionary ignorant masses. There are abun- could not trust Hindu, Mohammedan, (;mt signs that even to the lowest Jain or Parsee to look upon social strata of the Indian people there have and moral problems from a Chrisfiltered down the new ideas that tian standpoint. Hence the early have revolutionized those who may missionary felt it to be his burden to be' called the brain of India, but it proclaim the necessity of reform in is where education has brought the Indian social customs, in religious most intimate contact with the West ideas, in philosophical interpretations that this change is so wonderfully of God and the universe. Here he manifest. This also h<>.s created a

INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

met opposition at every point, as one claims of the brotherhood of man, who came from a foreign land to this purer moral standard, means a turn their world upside down. That changed environment for missionary clay has gone, and to-day we find effort. India's 'best mind can be many Indians of the best type who, trusted to. grapple with moral though unwilling to accept all Chris- problems, with questions of duty, tian doctrines, yet see eye to eye national and individual, and with with Christians on the great prin- questions of conscience. The misciples that underlie moral questions. sionary does not cease to carry his The writings and speeches, and above own burden of responsibility to all, the lives, public and private, teach, preach and practise reform, of India's best men and women, righteousness, compassion and love, give clear proof that the Chris- but his is not a lone voice in the tian's right is no longer the Hindu's wilderness. Other voices are speakwrong, or that the Hindu's right is ing in loud tones as well and are the Christian's wrong. A common accomplishing great results. moral ground has been reached. The Hindu, the Mohammedan, the Social Service in India Jain, and the Parsee, in whom the new spirit has taken possession, have Growing out of this change in now become preachers of righteous- moral tone, charitable and philanness, of Brotherhood, of compassion, thropic movements and institutions of love. Their voice to-day is have arisen to give further concrete spreading over all India, with in- form to the change that has taken creasing power and effectiveness, pl'ace. The idea of service for and is parallel with, not in opposition humanity has taken hold of many. to, the voice of their Christian The idea that the responsibility of brothers. each caste belong only to those in that caste, no longer appeals to the bet- The reform movements in India ter minds. A broader sympathy now testify to the deep and deepening in- lies behind their charitable instincts. terest that thinking India is taking in Barriers of race, caste and creed are all that concerns the well-being of gradually disappearing before the Indian life. Among these are the compassion that takes in all. This Provincial and National Social Con- change is especially significant, beferences; the Theistic Conferences; cause many of these attempts to the press in the hands of reformers; serve the suffering and deprest are the associations that combat intem- ill spite of long established social perance and the social evil; the con- customs and deeply rooted religious ferences for the abolition of caste; convictions. societies for the encouragement of widow remarriage; the earnest ad- There is further significance in vocacy, in press and on the plat- the fact that these philanthropic inform, of female education, and even stitutions have sprung into being of compulsory education. largely in the last decade. India is therefore seen to be moving faster This interest that India is taking and faster along lines of nobler ill Indians, this recognition of the progress.

Higher Castes and "The Untouchables" false philosophy of wifehood and of widowhood stifled sympathy, and The attitude of the higher castes to- social custom diverted Indian comward the deprest c1asses-"Untouch- passion from those who needed ables," as they are called-is a familiar it most. The widow has remained matter of history. The sixty miIlion in the family of the husband, a burthat constitute this class form a fifth den, a slave to the whims of all, an of the population of India. They object of evil omen, half fed, shorn are ceremonially impure, socially out- of the glory of her hair, deprived of castes, laboring under heavy disa- all ornament, and forbidden the bilities, and have lived outside the privilege of remarriage, tho she may sympathies of the higher castes. If have been widowed in the tender years even the shadow or accidental touch of childhood. But in the last decades was polliJting, how much more any compassion has broken through cusopen and conscious contact. It is tom and a false philosophy, and the for such that within the last seven few who were willing to take the years a widely supported movement widow's part have developed into has been organized. While the lead- many. Not only have widows' ing spirits in the Mission to the wrongs become a cry in the reform Deprest Classes belong to the Theistic movement spreading over India, but Church, Indians of all castes and there have come into being instituclasses are among its supporters. tions where the widow is given a The number of schools and other home, education, and training for institutions for these "Untouch- usefulness in life, and, above all, ables" are not as yet many. Their where she feels the balm of tensignificance, however, lies not m der love. Professor Karve's Home their number, but in the fact that for Widows at Poona, the Vanita they exist at all, and are avenues Ashram at Surat, the Widows' through which Indian hearts are Home at Mysore, the Anatha Ashshowing their compassion, by liter- ram at Ahmedabad, and other homes ally, as well as figuratively, touching might be mentioned. The example the "Untouchables" in an effort to set by Pandita Ramabai, the welllift them to a religious and social known Christian philanthropist, has equality with themselves. Only the found many imitators, and there are great All-Seeing Eye knows how those who open the door to the highmany Indian hearts feel this down- caste Hindu widow for remarriage reaching sympathy, but it is evident if she so chooses, or if not, to tc all that this movement proves the careers of usefulness, for which she existence in India of a genuine love may become fitted. of service for needy humanity. Still another illustration IS the Another example may illustrate Seva Sadan, the Home of Service. this newly awakened sympathy. The founder, Mr. B. M. Malabari, The sorrows of the high-caste Hindu was a Parsee by birth, but in widow have always touched tender sympathy lost to all thoughts of chords of sympathy in Christian race, caste or creed. The example hearts. These chords were not set by Roman Catholic Sisters of touched in the Hindu world. A

J914J INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

Mercy, and Protestant missionary antipathy is vanishing. Hindus, ladies in schools and hospitals, Mohammedans, Jains, Parsees, and pointed out the way that Hindu, Christians are able to sit around the .lVfohammedan, and Parsee ladies same table as directors of societies could work, if they would. The for the protection of children, of sonew spirit is in India's women as cieties for the promotion of temwell as in men. Through this "Home perance, and purity, sanitation, of Service" ladies high in social social service and the like, in perfect rank have entered heartily into harmony, and vying with one efforts for their needy sisters. another in acts of courtesy. No N either race, caste or creed form longer are missionary institutions boundaries to their loving efforts. the sole philanthropic institutions. A home for unfortunates, oppor- No longer are missionary institutions' tunities for regaining honor and in- for the deprest classes, for widows, dependence, training for those who for orphans, for the sick, objects of wish to give their lives for the suspicion and prejudice as merely inservice of others, and personal struments for overturning the Hindu ministrations to the sick and the religion and customs. Fellow workers distrest, form this union effort of they have now become. Missionary Hindu, Mohammedan, and Parsee hospitals, educational institutions, inladies in Bombay and Poona, and dustrial schools, blind asylums, and witness to the new era of awakened even work distinctively for Christians sympathy with human needs. have received, and are increasingly receiving, financial support as well as These illustrations could be mul- word sympathy from those of other tiplied by the description of the religions. This is indeed cooperation, foundling asylum at Pandharpur, and cooperation will more and more the orphanages at Pandharpur, be the watchword of the future. The Ahmedabad, Surat, Bombay and Christlike service which the missionother places; the school for the ary wishes to render to – India has blind in Bombay; organizations, such now an ally which it did not have as the Servants of India at Poona, before. the Social Service League at Bombay, and numbers of smaller and Higher Education To-day less publicly known groups of workers, who in quiet ways are mak- Another change that has arisen in ir:g apparent the fact that India's the missionary situation in India has religious and moral awakening is no come about through the advance of mere dream of the optimist. higher education, and the high in- tellectual level of minds that have That such philanthropic move- had the opportunities of higher ments must bring a change in the trammg. Graduates of Indian, Engmissionary situation i3 self-evident. lish, Scotch, American and European What was impossible before is universities exist in increasing numpossible now, namely, cooperation of bers, and of these some have reached non-Christian and Christian m the highest rank of scholars, of works of love and compassion. In statesmen, of scientists, equaling in the face of human needs the old some achievements those of Christian

lands. It must be remembered that effort in India, as compared with these men of wide reading and what they were at its beginning, we scholarly habits have at their dis- find to-day a Christian church, that posal all the Christian literature of whatever its weaknesses may be, the West, the Bil5le, and all the has in it noble witnesses, manifesttraditions of the Christian Church. ing a Christlike character, examples of A love of truth is as marked a truth, of righteousness, self-sacrifice characteristic of the true Indian and love. We find in India's best scholar, as of the Western scholar, men and women a new environment, and can be as readily trusted. A in which the missionary can work, a missionary will still find it necessary higher moral tone, a c~earer ethical .to teach a better philosophy and sense, a conscience that can be purer doctrines to those intellectually trusted. We see practical demonhis inferiors, but the day is past strations of that higher moral tone when he can regard his own in- in the outflow of sympathy, of comtellect as better able to grapple with passion and love toward humanity, the problems of philosophy than in which would-be barriers of race those Indian minds that by knowl- and caste and creed are being pushed edge and training are as well or aside, making cooperation possible. better: equipped than his. For this We have reached a period in India's fact the missionary is profoundly ir.tellectual development where her thankful, for it shifts a heavy re- best minds can be trusted to grapple sponsibility to shoulders where the with strength, and courage, and love weight rightly belongs. He can of truth, with philosophical, religious, trustfully leave the province of and social problems. philosophy to Indian minds, and devote himself to his own pro per The great difference in the missphere, that of exemplifying Christ- sionary situation, from what it was like life and service. a century ago, is evident in view of the above facts. Then the mission- I t is a very serious question ary was the pioneer in every field of whether the missionary's supreme progress. He began the first boys' aim of winning India to Christ is school according to modern methods. being helped by the philosophy of He began the first girls' school in the West. It is a very serious ques- the face of unbelief in the power of tion whether the intellectual side of a woman to learn. He was the religious doctrines as emphasized to- first to proclaim the need of reday in Western lands has a win- form in religion and social customs, ning power. It is doubtful whether and he received little thanks for his we in the West are able to handle revolutionary efforts. He was the our social, industrial, and religious first to found orphanages, and hosproblems so that missionaries can pitals, and homes, and yet was as take these solutions to India and polluting as the "Untouchables." But find them solutions of India's com- te-day the Indians of the best minds plex problems. are the friends, the allies, the colaborers with the missionary in his To sum up, in brief, conditions as philanthropic work. they are at the end of a century of

VIEWS OF LIFE IN

Joy and sorrow of child life, as pictured by Miss Amy Wilson- Carmichael in her "Lotus Buds"

Saving the Boys and Girls of India 1J';· ~1J :- . :LCKENZIE, M.D., FATEHPUR, U.P., INDIA Jvfissionary of the Voman's Union Missionary S 'Jciety .IiH]OW dear the children asked, "How can I feed and clothe of India have grown that family on two dollars a month?" to everyone who has Two years later th<; mother and lived among them! Let father died of tuberculosis, and two me tell you about a of the youngest children were found few of those I met in sleeping on the roadside without food my work, with the hope that all the or shelter. children of India may become more real to you, and that you will share We took them in, and on inquiry with them your love and sympathy found that all the other children had and prayers. been married, except one bright, handsome lad, who had been taken As I was driving through the city by thieves to train in their profes- one day the carriage suddenly stopt. sion. The lads we named Kim and The door was thrown open, and be- Jim. They were not with us long fore me stood a delicate young when a boy of ten, called Kindar, woman with eight children, ranging joined them, saying that his parents from twelve years of age to the babe had died of bubonic plague and that of two in her arms. The Hindu he was starving. It was wonderful driver, motioning in their direction, to see how those children tried to

please us, and to improve themselves on the journey, he replied that he and their surroundings. An old missed the daily prayers and Bible bench was prest into service as a study most. table and was decorated with a white cloth and flowers. They quickly Saving the Girls learned the Lord's Prayer and some Bible verses. No matter where we It is the girls of India, however, were, or how busy, they always came that touch our hearts the deepest. and knelt down beside us to say their There is so little real joy or pleasure evening prayer, before being tucked in their lives. The birth of a daughinto their little cots on the veranda. ter is, in fact, a signal for mourning in the Hindu home, if, indeed, she be One day the three of them stood allowed to remain there. before me, saying they wanted their tuft of hair, the symbol of Hinduism, England has given several comcut off, as they were now Christians. mands in India, one of which is, I could scarcely refrain from smiling "Thou shalt not kill thy daughters"; as I told them I would have to see Lut, strange to say, the female popua magistrate about it, as they were lation is still smaller than the male. juniors. One evening a Mohammedan Shortly after this a Brahman ap- widow, apparently dying, came, with peared and asked for his son. Kin- her aged father-in-law, to the Lily dar, the lad of ten, stoutly denied Lytle Broadwell Hospital at Fatehthat the man was his father. The pur. Her first request, seconded, or man took the case into court, and on more probably instigated, by her several occasions tried to kill the father-in-law, was that we should boy. Finally, the magistrate advised kill her baby girl. We told her we me to send him to school at a safe could not do that, but we would care distance, until the case was settled. for them both. An operation saved This resulted, later, in favor of Kin- the woman, and her little girl ardar, but, in the meantime, the three rived the following night. We coule! boys were sent to a fine educational not leave it <.lone with her for two and industrial orphanage, belonging weeks lest she harm it. Through our to the C. P. mission at Mhow. Here nurse, Miss Simpson's care of her they studied well and later received child, she learned something of our baptism. We trust that they will one Savior's love and was willing to day be used to advance the Master's trust Him for the extra supplies Kingdom among their own people. needed. She learned also to care for her lovely babe, which we named Kindar's longing to see his old IVaintarG, "Star of Love," and the mission friends, and perhaps also his mother brought her back to see us love of travel, proved greater than once a month. his patience, and to satisfy these he twice walked the distance of nearly Let us not judge this poor woman five hundred miles. The first time too harshly, but pray the Lord of the he had only sixty cents to supply his Harvest to send forth laborers to win food, except what he earned on the such souls to Him. Her husband way. On being asked how he fared having died six months before, she had her aged father-in-law and four hungry children to feed, as well as

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

A NAGA MOTH~P AND CHILD IN ASSAM not He who said, "Suffer little chil- dren to come unto Me and forbid This is a sample of the home life in many an In- them not," require them at our dian village. Thel woman is seeding cotton. hands? How can they come, unless The house is of bamboo. and the small arms of s y m pat h yare thrown opening in the doorway is for the around them, and hearts on fire with accommodation of pigs that oc- His divine love draw them to Him? cupy the front room While reading with my aged panprovide a dowry for each daughter, tlit on the veranda one morning, a and she could earn only four cents well-dressed Brahman appeared with a day. a servant carrying a tiny mite of naked humanity. He said that his One night I was c;l1ed to a woman wife had died and he did not want a in distress living in a village ten daughter. Taking the little one in miles distant. After making the pa- my arms, I told him of the Savior, tient as comfortable as possible in a who loved little children. My pandit, little mud room, ten by six feet, with also a Brahman, looked on in silence. no other furniture than a mud floor ;..Jine months later, a beautiful, blackand a low cot covered with musty eyed, laughing babe in a pretty pink rags, I asked where the baby was. frock crept to the old man's side. Some one pointed to a heap of ashes He looked amazed for a moment, ill the adjoining court. A filthy bas- then, asking if this was the same ket under a stone partially covered babe he had seen that morning, took this. My first impulse was to re- the little one in his arms and kissed move the stone and raise the basket. There lay, just as it had come to the TWO LITTLE INDIAN GIRLS cruel, cold world, one of the little ones whose angels do always behold Two forces-God and the devil-contend for posthe face of our Father in heaven. session of these girls and their _sisters in India. The missionaries are working to Sadly, and with feelings that can save and teach them Christ's way not be described, I replaced the bas- of life ket over that little victim of false religion and poverty. Will its silent cry enter our ears unheeded? will

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE MADE A SACRIFICE TO MEN IN INDIA A crowd of devotees and pilgrims outside a Hindu temple her. Shushila is now a charming after the man, whom we saw a little little school-girl, who loves her Sa- later, apparently well pleased. vior and will win many to Him. This little girl, whom we call Par- One day a rough-looking young bullia, "Light of the Morning," is fellow brought a lovely child of three now one of the fairest flowers in the to the bungalow, asking us to buy Master's garden at the Mary A. Merher. He said he must have money, riam Orphanage in Cawnpore. and wanted to be rid of his sister. Seeing the temples open, and other One day our servants told me that awful forms of slavery worse than little Sweren was to be sold in the death, my heart ached for this little hazar by her cruel stepmother in retot, with her beautiful, innocent face, venge for an injustice done to her by in its frame of brown curls. Asking the child's father. We sent messenthe man to come with me to the gers to locate her, and, having asked court-house, I explained the case to permission from the court, we went the English officer in charge. "Will to rescue the child. We found the the child go with you?" he asked. woman gossiping with some neigh- Holding out my arms, immediately bors, while the half-starved child sat the child clasped hers around my wistfully on the ground. I spoke to neck. It was a severe test for a her a few minutes before the woman strange babe, but I knew the Master observed me, and then carried her in wQuld answer prayer. He told me my arms toward the carriage, telling to take the child and he would look the woman we had heard of her cruel

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE SAVEll FOR TIME AND ETERNITY IN INDIA Teaching the girls at Mttkti, the Christian school of Pandita Ramabai purpose and had come to protect the lowest depth of darkness could dechild: Seeing the hope of revenge vise nothing worse. gone, her anger became furious and she would have torn the child to A little girl, with a face so sad that pieces if she had not been held be- it was repellent, was one day 'brought yond her reach. In her frenzy she to the orphanage, and I wondered if tore off both carriage doors, which any beauty could be made to grow in had only hinges of leather, and the such a soul. The only word she horse, taking fright, sprang forward, used to everybody and everything breaking both traces. In the mean- was "go." No one seemed to be able time, a dense crowd from the ad- to win her. Then she was taken ill joining bazar had gathered, but a with pneumonia, and Dr. Mary young Brahman, on being told the Mackenzie brought her into her situation, kindly held them in check. own room. Then a sweet pea The driver cut the cloth of his pugri blossom put into her hand worked for traces, and we drove away with the miracle. Light came into the our torn clothing and the frightened dark eyes, and it was almost painful child, never to see the angry woman to see the lips that never before again. learned to smile twist in their effort to show pleasure. Each day the les- Think of the little babes so safe son was better learned, and now we and happy in your own homes, and have our little Sona (Gold), whose learn to pity those helpless victims of merry laugh and constant sunshine rdig}ous customs, so cruel that the delig~t the hearts of Christian and,.

Hindu alike. Here is her photo at school, passing into the great beth hospital with a pet kitten, where yond. The mother, who knew not her life sang one sweet song to her God and saw no hope of reunion in Savior's praise. the dark line of transmigration of the soul with countless demons on A call came from the city for us every hand to assail, beat her breast t( go and see a sick child who had and tore out her hair, dashing her bubonic plague. Fearing the treat- dying child now to her bO'som and ment she might receive from her again on the rude cot. Oh, if Chrisfrightened parents, I returned in the tians, whose eternal welfare is sure, evening to find the door closed. could only see the awful darkness When it was opened a flood of smoke and despair of death in these dark, from a fire in the center of the room hopeless religions of the East, it blinded me. As it cleared a little, I would surely arouse that divine pity entered to find, in one corner of the in their souls that brought the Son of room, a heavy quilt, that may have God from His throne in Glory to be descended from past generations. On a sacrifice for our sins. raising it, there lay my little patient, smothered. Artificial respiration. for One day a little girl, Surgi, was half an hour and stimulants failed to passing the Lily Lytle Broadwell rouse her. Sadly I laid her down, Hospital with her father. and grandanother victim of those who have not mother, a wonderful old lady, who yet heard of the love of the Father. had been through the Mutiny. The little girl, seeing how different every- Cholera laid its terrible hand on thing looked from her own little mud the border of our city. Sunday eve- hut where she had never known anyning all was quiet, but on Monday thing but want and privation, said morning its victims lay unburied by she wished she could be our servant. the roadside. The burden of pre- God answered the little one's prayer, venting its spread to the main part tho not in the way she asked. We of the city rested on us. The lVlaster. were to be the ones who served. The who always hears and a n s w e r s girl's father died, so that the mainprayer, saved the city and 80 per tenance of Surgi, her mother, and cent. of those who came to us for little brother depended on the poor help. old grandmother. She could only earn one dollar a month and her A sad case that came to us was hoard, and gave every cent of that that of a child who was left under a for their food, while she clothed herscorching tropical sun all day to ap- self with only a tattered cloth. Then pease the anger of the gods, while the little girl was taken ill with his parents offered sacrifices to idols typhoid fever, and daily grew worse. of clay and stone. Needless to say, At last, when the abdomen became they returned in the evening with a perforated, they remembered the hosblinded, dying child. pital, and brought her to us in de- spair. We told them that we could One morning, on my arrival at the not save her, as she was too weak hospital, I found another dear child, for operation, but if they wished w~ who had attended oUr Sabbath-

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

would care for her. (We never turn to shame many older Christians. Two any away.) days later Surgi left us, like a babe falling asleep. Her grandmother re- Dr. Spencer was on hospital duty fused to attend the Hindu ceremony, at the time, and with tender love she cared for the poor suffering child" GIRLS IN INDIA CONING FROM CHURCH as she cares for each of her patients, tenderly as she would her own fam- Boarding-school girls of the United Presbyterian ily. At the same time the doctor Mission, Sialkot, returning from church uses every opportunity to give them prayer-meeting-a mile from the school the good news of eternal salvation. and said, "Oh, I wish she might have Surgi's agony at the thought of a Christian burial!" Her husband, death was painful to see. It meant however, claimed the body, and it blackness and unknown terrors to was buried according to their usual her, without one ray to lighten the rites-oiled, scorched, beaten, and gloom. thrown into the Ganges. It would feed the crocodiles and jackals, but It is our custom to have all our Surgi did not care. Her spirit was patients in the drawing-room at least safe in heaven, and when the Lord. once a week, and we carry in those her Savior, comes she will have a confined to bed. iThen Surgi was new body like unto His glorious brought to the door, she gasped, body. "Oh, let me see it all!" The nurses were there in their simple white Two weeks later the dear old dresses, playing on a piano loaned by grandmother came at daylight, before a friend (it has since been taken her day's work began, and with her away) . The nurses were singing, forehead touching the floor, thanked with happiness and contentment written all over their faces. In the grate a bright fire glowed, and the room was pretty with ferns and . flowers.

After gazing in silence, with wide, wondering eyes, at every detail, she said, "Will heaven be like this ?" We told her that nothing she had ever seen could compare with the home Jesus would give to her, if she trusted His love and sacrifice for her sins. The old grandmother herself hastened to bring water, and begged that she might be baptized. After that the child rested in sweetest con- tentment and happiness, without one groan or complaint. It was wonder- ful to hear that old Hindu grand- mother teach her how to pray, with a faith and simplicity that would put

God that her little granddaughter over fifteen years of age. After she was safe in heaven. entered the drawing-room, her hus- band, a lawyer of over sixty, refused Are They Worth the Price? even to step on the veranda, lest he be defiled. I had to draw a curtain Are these children of India worth ~ round her before her brother-in-law our love, our prayers, and gifts? would come into the room to tell me, One early morn two carriages ar- before her, what she had done. rived at the mission bungalow. One That day UI11111edi asked to stay CHRISTIAN GIRL PUPILS IN INDIA. in the office, where I was busy. She watched the Christian girls come and was completely closed with wooden go, and quietly removed all her nudoors, and from the other four men merous ear, nose, and toe rings and alighted. One of them informed me bracelets, and in the evening asked to that he had brought a very wicked be drest like them. We sent her woman, who had been his brother's to school in Calcl1tta for two years, wife, but who was now dead to him, where she accepted Christ in name as she had broken the caste rules by as well as in heart. During that going through her husband's apart- time she learned to read and write ments at the front of the house. He Bengali, and to sew, make lace, and asked me if we would take her, do many kinds of fancy work. When. otherwise the street, with its lowest our medical work opened at Fatehpur degradation, would be her only ref- live years ago she came as nurse, and uge. I asked him to bring her in. in four years Ummedi learned to read He replied, "She is dead to me, and and write Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, I can never look on her face again." a.nd Eng1ish, as wen as the elemen- On opening the carriage, I found a tary rules of grammar and arithmepretty but frightened child of not tic, and passed second highest in the United Provinces her final written and oral examinations in nursing, elementary anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, under the examiners of the C nited Board for Mission Nurses.

When you know how quickly these dea r children develop under Chris- tian teaching in the mission schools, orphanages, rescue homes, and hos- pitals, is not your zeal inspired to reach out and save those perishing millions of India? What is the price of a soul? What shall we give in exchange for it? Whether it belong to one of these little ones or to us, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these ye have done it tmto Me," said Christ,

Call of the Crisis In India*

BY A. C. HARTE> BOMBAY> INDIA Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I iA] YEAR ago we had in lion Brahmins of India are in in- India our first con- tellectual culture our equals, in vention of Indian graciousness of manners are our Christian stu den t s superiors, and in spiritual desire and from all India. At capacity for sacrifice are first among this convention there the peoples of the world. These took place the first general awaken- Brahmins are facing a crisis. Our ir;g among the Christian students of Western civilization is beginning to the empire with reference to the permeate India and is compelling the crises in India and their opportu- Brahmins to seek it, as their place of nities and responsibilities. It is our leadership is being disputed with earnest hope that this first great them by the men of other classes awakening among Indian Christian and religions who have acquired students throughout the empire may Vestern civilization. Having tasted be utilized to its utmost for the win- it they are seeking it for its own ning of India for Jesus Christ…. sake. They are also being compelled by the mission practise in India to take Great awakenings have taken place into account Christian ethics with among the Anglo-Saxon peoples in reference to the deprest classes. The recent centuries, but more are taking demands of modern life, because of place· in India in one generation. this civilization, are compelling them Therefore Indian Christian students to lay aside much ceremonial reand their fellow Christian students ligiousness and many of the burdens throughout the world are now facing of caste. a great problem and a superb task. So far as the Church of Christ is Now, if the Christian students of concerned some of these awakenings the world, who alone have access to and the immediate crises are the these Brahmins, are sufficient to our following: opportunity, and in love and sym- pathy rally to our task and help the I. We may pass over the problem Indian students, we will be able not of the Mohammedans for the pres- only to free the Brahmins from the ent, simply noting that the leaders of burden of religious ceremony and the reformed Mohammedan party in caste which is even heavier than the India are leaders of great power. burden of the Pharisees at the time They have the only modern Moham- of Christ, but we will also be permedan university in the world, and mitted to lift from India the hand of they are accessible to the Christian caste that has been crushing India to students of the world. earth. 'vVe may thus aid India to 2. The thirteen and one-half mil- * From a report of .an address at the Kansas City Convention.

rise again by the power of God to its cated people has largely been made place among the brotherhood of na- possible through the Christian philtions, and also free thirteen and anthropy of the West. Unforone-half million of spiritual leaders tunately, great as ha·s been this with greater spiritual insight than Christian philanthropy, it has not can be found anywhere else on been great enough to go the necesear-tho sary length. In every Christian high school and college opportunities are 3. The problem of the 65,000,000 failing to be realized because Govoutcastes-the most deprest, the ernment supervised curriculums and most hopeless people on earth to- the desire for education on the part day-calls us as never before. The of Indians so tax the strength of Christian awakening has touched the teachers that they are unable to them and the people who have give proper time to spiritual instrucbeen without .hope are beginning tion and fellowship. If the Christian to hope, and in their hope they students of the world would arise toare coming in vilIages, in towns, and day and enable the churches anel in masses to the Christian leaders miSSions to increase the teaching and are asking to be taken in. It staff of the Christian schools and is true that they do not know what colleges in India 50 per cent., a they want, but they do know that large proportion of the above annual they want; and this must fill our increase would unquestionably behearts with gratitude and with the come Christian leaders. I f this is desire to help. Wherever the mis- 110t done now, ten years hence Chrissions can provide leaders and teach- tianity in India may be confronted ers, the custom is to take these in- vliith a mass of intelligent and Gospel quirers in, and the results have hardened non-Christian leaders. proved that this is wise, for it has been found that under proper 5. Then there are the 5,000,000 reguidance and teaching they advance ligious fakirs, sadhus and mendisteadily. When there are no teach- cants, the greatest stream ever ers and no leaders for them, the mis- poured forth in any country in besionary is compelled to say to them, half of a religious ideal. Unfor- "Wait," which is sometimes equiva- tunately the ideal tends to the imlent to saying, "Go back and stifle poverishing of India. While in some your first desires and let hope again cases it makes beautiful the ingive place to hopelessness." Oc- dividual seeker, as a whole it imcasionally at such times they who poverishes the land. If this living can find no help from the Christian stream could be turned toward Jesus forces can find it with the Moham- Christ and sent out in His name, it medans. might become the greatest stream for the enriching and uplifting of the 4- There are also the 1,300,000 world in the history of our race_ who are literate in English. These if'.c1ude many Brahmins, and some 6. Then our attention must be from all of the other classes. They given to the 4,000,000 Christians in are increasing at the rate of 100,000 India, the greatest Christian host in annually. This great class of edu- any non-Christian country to-day.

CALL OF THE CRISIS IN INDIA

~fot taking into account the ordinary moment the great problem of India increase of population, but only the -its spiritual thirst, as a whole. increase by baptism, during the past Add to your vocabulary two ·words ten years, this host has been more by that are typical of India's spiritual a thousand per month than the thirst. The other day a missionary Christian missionaries in the empire, traveling among the villages of his and has given to the Church every district observed a woman, now fortnight the Pentecostal number of standing up, now lying down and accessions, 3,000. Among these measuring her length on the dusty Indian Christians are some of the road, standing up and walking to choicest Christian leaders in the the mark and doing the same again world. But there are many who and again. He spoke to her kindly have come from the deprest classes and after a considerable effort and whose needs for Christian learned from her whither she was friendship, sympathy and help are going and what she wanted. Dustgreat. If the Christian propaganda covered, blistered and worn by the is to be successful in India and Asia, sun she had only strength to whisper then the Christian Church must to him and say, uUska, Dorsanmake good with the 4,000,000 Chris- Uska, Dorsan," which being intertians in India. For these 4,000,000 preted is, "To see Him-to see His Christians are the most critically face." She had already come 400 observed Christians on earth. They miles and had yet a long journey to are responsive to teaching, are seek- Kangra. If she should finally reach ing light, and avail themselves of Kangra, would she find Him? No, all opportunities for acquiring Chris- she would find only a cave in the tian character and Christian out- hillside and a blue flame. This look. If the whole mission force in woman is typical of the fifth of the India to-day could be set free to population of the world who are work for them, they would speedily dwelling in India to-day, and who not acquire a place where, in hygiene, in this way only, but in thousands moral interpretation and intelligence of other ways, physically, intelthey would be the peers of any in lectually and spiritually, are seeking the land, and in spiritual aspiration to see Him! Can we who have seen and the sense of obligation to their Him, as it were, face to face, and brothers, the superiors. Alas! this know that He has healing and benecan not now be done, but it is in diction for the multitudes, hear this the power of the Christian students call in vain. in the world to double the missionary force in India and thus to make ·When the Macedonian call came the next best thing possible. Then, to Paul he was constrained to go and perhaps, in a decade the Church help. May the great God and Father could realize its opportunity in India, of us all-help us as we hear the and India in our generation would whispers of a hundred million in India be known as a Christian country. who are weary, and the shoutings of the hundred million who are strong, Turn, now, from these critical and HUska, Dorsan–Uska, Dorsan"; help immediate problems to face for a us to make haste.

Challenge of Latin-American

Students* BY CHARLES D. HURREY, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Student Department of International Y. M. C. A.

N these days of the of its contents." They keep it locked up in the museums. Speak to them III I rising tide of Pan- regarding Jesus Christ, and we hear Americanism, it is ex- them remark, "We see his name ov.er ceedingly timely that in the grocery store on a popular we recognize the brand of wine called 'The Tears of unique importance of Christ.' We have seen him as a the Government students and others baby in the arms of his mother, or as in the institutions of higher learning a bruised body hanging on the cross, in Latin America. There are about but he has been dead for nearly two 100,000 students in the high schools, thousand years. Do you think that colleges and universities who are to he can influence life to-day?" Talk control the life of the Latin Ameri- to them regarding the Church and can nations as no other bOGY of peo- we will hear them pour forth a ple can control it. storm of protest against it.

It is singularly true in the Latin One morning in Cuzco, Peru, at American nations that the students the heart of the old Inca Empire, I rule. They will control th·e press, visited that famous old Jesuit church and will dictate the diplomacy; they which is now partIy occupied by the will enter in large measure into the National University. On one side of commercial and professional life, and the church, over the chapel enin their hanels lies the future in edu- trance, I saw these words in large cational affairs. They are, there- white letters, "Come unto Mary, all fore, a most important class of peo- ye that labor and are heavy laden, ple, coming from the wealthier and she will alleviate you." Inside homes anel destined to occupy a the door I talked with representaposition of influence. tives of one hundred· and fifty pro- gressive students, everyone of These students have great needs. whom attacked the established They are bitterly assailed by all of Church. This is typical of what one the forces of evil that attack our may find in other sections of the students, but in South America they Latin American world to-day. The are not fortified by vital religion. student class is an unchurched class. According to their own testimony, To speak to them regarding their atnot two per cent. of the students in titude, therefore, toward the Church many of the great university centers and these modern movements of of the Latin world to-day have any service, is oftentimes to call forth vital interest in religion. Speak to· ridicule. them regarding the Bible and we will hear them say, "I know nothing ..- l;j"om an address deHvered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, January 1, 1914. But there is a hopeful side-the great movement for international responsiveness of these students to peace. It is uniting the hearts of the the practical message of Christian- eoocated leaders of the Latin world." ity. Four years ago I attended the First International Student Chris- There is also the favorable attitian Conference in Latin America, tude of. the educators. I shall never held in Uruguay. Around the old forget one of my last experiences campfire at a "meeting of the Open before returning from South Amer- Heart" a man from Buenos Aires Ica. I stood in the office of the said, "We of Argentina· have dis- president of the University of trusted you of Uruguay, but now we Buenos Aires with Mr. Ewing, are coming to love you. We know when the president put to us for you better." I have heard others 0ver an hour some searching quessay, "I came here an atheist; I go tions as to the motive, the program back determined to search the Scrip- of the Christian Association in the tures and know what there is for university. When he arose at last, me in the message of Christianity." he said, "I can not call myself a Protestant; I am not a Roman In the University of Buenos Aires, Catholic; but I believe in the teachwhich has 5,000 students, progres- ings of Jesus Christ, and whatever I sive, alert men, 250 students are can do to strengthen the Christian banded together in the Students' Association in this university shall Christian Association, under the be done." At the same time he leadership of one of our American knew that ninety per cent. of his men, Harry Ewing. Students are professors were certainly on the side also gathering about Warner, who is of atheism, and in many cases were living in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the very hostile to the program of the burning heat of the tropics, five de- Christian Association. grees from the equator. There is a peculiar timeliness in The favorable attitude of the Gov- recognizing the rising tide of Panernment toward this uprising of the Americanism owing to the more frestudents on behalf of pure Christian- quent visits of eminent statesmen ity has surprized all of us. To what and writers. The men of South shall we attribute the fact that the America do not forget the messages Argentine, the Chilean, the Brazilian, of the distinguished Secretary of the Uruguayan governments, did everything that they could to help State, Hon. William J. Bryan, who the enterprise, including free transportation and the sending of a spe- addrest large groups of men with cial cruiser of the Uruguayan navy, his masterly oration on "The Prince with the foreign minister and other of Peace." They respond when men diplomats as fraternal delegates to like Colonel Roosevelt endorse the attend the International Student Con- Christian Student Movement, and ference in Uruguay? We can not when they hear from the'lips of Amattribute it to curiosity, for they bassador Bryce those words of have spoken out of their hearts when praise, that establish confidence in they say, "This is the beginning of a the Christian Student organizations, There are also over fifteen hundred students who have come from Latin.

America to study in our Northern Let the Christian students of institutions. North America respond to this chal- lenge and say, "'vVe regret that in There is a peculiar challenge- in years gone by some have gone from the very difficulties that confront us North America and from Europe to in the Latin world. I hear gambling exploit the Latin lands. There are say, "Let me dominate the student greater conquests than the winning life for another generation through of forests of rosewood and mahogany the lottery and other means, and of the Amazon Valley. There are I will show you a body of men greater achievements than reaping who will not work, but who de- the harvests from the rich fields of pend upon luck and chance to make Argentina. There are more urgent a living." Impurity says, "Let me things to do than harnessing the permeate the life of the students of waterfalls of Brazil, or mining the the Latin world, and I will show you great riches of the Andes. There men who recognize neither personal are tasks requiring the investment of chastity nor the purity of the home." personality, God-dominated personal- Materialism is saying, "Let me flood ity. Our message must be a spiritual this country with the literature which message." Let us think with less comes from materialistic and socialis- prejudice regarding the Latin world tic centers that are atheistic in and enter sympathetically into co- Europe and North America,. and I operation with them, that the will show you a body of men who Americas may be given over to the say, 'We will make our own god; control of Jesus Christ and may be we recognize the authority of no one dominated by the Spirit of God. in heaven or on the earth.'''

Christianizing Japanese Students HY DR. KATSUJI KATO, UNIVERSITY OF crIICGO ODERN Japan has come students in great numbers, IMI been created by her there being four thousand in Tokyo 1 modern system of edu- to-day beside six hundred Koreans. These foreign-born students are cation. The hope of deeply influenced by the character of the Japanese life around them, the future is wrapt up not only intellectually, but morally and spiritually. What would it not in her students. There mean for the future of China and Korea if that impression could be are thirty thousand men in the col- made positively Christian!

leges and univerSIties of Tokyo When we think of the influence of the educated classes upon the desalone, and about twenty thousand in tiny of the empire we are imprest other cities. Besides these there are two hundred and sixty thousand high-school boys and about fifty thousand girls in high-schools and colleges. From China, also, have

CHRISTIANIZING JAPANESE STUDENTS

anew with the significance of Chris- minds are turning to idealism repre- tian work among them. College sented in the writings of Bergson, graduates dominate every depart- Euchen, and Sir Oliver Lodge, in ment of the Government except the which the idea of the supernatural army and navy. is reinstated. This is an entering What are the influences playing wedge for Christian truth.

upon them to-day? Even more intense than the in- There are Buddhism and the tellectual perils are the physical other old faiths. These ethnic re- temptations which surround young ligions have been embedded in the men in the larger cities. It was re- hearts of the Japanese for cen- ported by the Tokyo Police Depart- turies. But to-day at the Imperial ment only two months ago that University of Tokyo and all other three hundred thousand men fre- higher 'institutions these faiths have quent the houses of vice in that city almost no influence. A careful es- in a single month.

timate states that among the stu- With the above facts in mind, is it dents of that university seven hun- not plain that there is a dire need dred are Buddhist, Shintoists and for bringing Christianity to bear Confucianists; seventy are Christian; upon Japanese students? They are nine hundred atheists and infidels, staggering on the border line be- and three thousand indifferent or tween faith and unbelief, between agnostic. Prof. Shailer Matthews moral victory and defeat. They are has said that in Japan Christianity groping in the dark and longing for has to fight not with Paganism, but light.

with "Nothing." It is atheism and Weare convinced that Christianity agnosticism that are creating the only can cure all these ills and meet peril among the- educated class. all needs of Japanese young men.

We might turn with hope to But how is it to be presented? By Bushido, the code of Japanese preaching and social service ? Yes.

knighthood. It is good so far as it By. scholarship? Yes. By literature?

goes, but it can not engender the Yes. By Christian schools ? Yes.

power to overcome temptation which Hut by whatever method it can only vital religion supplies. There is be brought home to the heart of nothing apart from Christianity in Japanese . students by men and the influences playing upon the Japa- women who truly exemplify the life nese students to-day which can sup- and teachings of Christ Himself- ply them with the power which they men and women who are absolutely so eagerly want and sadly need. sound in their Christian manhood Then, there are destructive and and womanhood. For Japanese are demoralizing forces at work. The especially keen to detect insincerity.

literature of Continental Europe has But they admire genuine Christians.

come in like a turgid flood.· The The unusual receptivity of Japa- naturalism and worship of power in. nese students to the Gospel to-day is . Nietzsche's philosophy are still ex- shown by the fact that more than erting a wide influence. But two thousand of them became in- materialism IS waning. Student quirers during the evangelistic meet-

ings conducted by Dr. Mott and Mr. the spirit of service and sacrifice, Eddy last spring, and of this number and heroic enough to preach the one hundred and fifty or more have Glad Tidings in the untouched rural already been r e c e i v e d into the districts of the Empire, from which Church. Constantly Japanese pastors Japan has always drawn her greatand laymen of real power are eagerly est leaders. The late Bishop Honda listened to, and are allowed to speak well said that what Japan wants on religious subjects in Government most of all from Western Christianschools. ity is the saturated Christian charac- ter, developed by generations of But the obstacles in the way of Christian nurture. Na man or their accepting Christ are tremen- woman of university training and clous. There is still strong family with rooted convictions and exopposition, and there are in Japan, perience in Christian life and work as everywhere, the fear of man, the should hesitate to offer himself or down-pull of bad habits, and' the herself for service in Japan. J apaagnostic influence of prevalent nese leaders are able and enterprisphilosophy. In spite of all these it:g, and any missionary should exobstacles Christianity has gained .a pect to work as a colleague and not firm foothold in the Government col- as a leader. But the missionary who leges which were formerly entirely goes in humility, determined to serve irreligious. Up to ten years ago no in whatever way he can help most graduate of an Imperial university will in the end find himself a leader had entered Christian work. To- by force of character. clay there are four in the Christian ministry and four in the Young Finally, it would be hard to over- Men's Christian Association secre- estimate the importance of making taryship, and still others are pre- truly Christian the -impression made paring. upon Japanese students in the col- leges of this country and Canada. Does not this call of need from They are bound to have a large in- Japan pierce the hearts of Chris- nuence upon the future of Japan. It tians in America and England? The is tragic to find so many gifted Japaleaders of the Japanese Church, who nese in America who are without opmet in conference with Dr. Mott, fJortunity to come in touch with the gave the answer when they voted vital side of the Christian religion. almost unanimously to urge the mis- Many of them have never been insionary societies of Europe and vited to the homes of American North America to send out a large Christians. Too often they see the number, of additional missionaries. unchristian side of your life. As a There is absolutely no question that result they go back with distorted these are urgently needed, and and unfavorable opinions of Amerieagerly wanted. can Christianity, and do much to block its progress in Japan. Give Again, while Japan needs mis- these sojourners among you per-, sionary specialists in education, sonal friendship, hospitality and theology and science, she also needs patient instruction. It will pay. men and women who are simply well-rounded Christians, imbued with

A Twice-born "Turk"~-Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED flY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Sile :fission Press Set at Liberty M that 1110:nent collecting stones to shoot at us from their catapults, and T that time I composed before long we heard the "whish" of the springs, and pieces of flints fell EA l a poem in praise of an arOl1nd us OIl every side. Some official who stood high faces and heads wer;:~ cut, but, altho in favor with the Sul- ~.tones passed close over my head, tan Abdul-Hamid. I praise God, I was not hurt. asked this official to intercede for me, that the former de- IlorsemeIl then rushed forward in cree might be reversed and my lib- the pass, and the slingers came down erty be restored. As a result, before from the hills. They made the a month had passed I was once more camels kneel down and stole all the .free. silk and cotton goods with which we were laden. Nhen my cam~l My first journey after this was knelt, two Bedouins seized my arms taken ostensibly for recreation, but and ordered me to take off my really in order to escape from the clothes. I politely answered that as country. I went to Tripoli (Syria), they had taken cloth that would be but as there were spies about, I was sufficient to make clothes for many 110t able to obtain an interview with years, they might kindly let me keep the Mitrfm, nor could I see any of my clothes to protect me from the the religious leaders. From there I cold night, especially as there was traveled to Horns, where I was asked no great value in them. to preach in the mosque. Some trouble occurred, and I soon left the One of the leaders, wearing a silk district. kl~fiya) heard me speak, and shouted loudly, "By the sword of Moham- A Perilous Journey to Damascus med, do not touch this man until I come down to you." They obeyed Outside the town I found a cara- and stood stilI. He then said, "There van leaving for Damascus, and, as it is no man cleverer at the sling than seemed providential, I joined them. T in all this district, and I have sent After two days, when we were about many stones at this man with the half way, just before sunset, we were utmost care, but every time I Ilave obliged to go through a narrow pass missed him. By the sword of Mobetween two mountains, and the men hammed, I swear to you-and you prepared as tho to attack an enemy. know the truth of what I say-that if you were to stretch a single hair On my asking the reason, they between two upright sticks fifty feet told me that on the suinmit of the from me I could hit the hair in any hill just ahead of us there were a number of Bedouin Arabs, who were highway robbers. These men were

part of it that you wished. Now, it me that his father, a Pasha, invited is clear that this is a blest man, who me to his mansion for the sake of is under the care of some of the old friendship. There I was well Auliya (saints), therefore let llS received by gentlemen who had leave him alone." known my father, and I related to them the incidents of my journey. They replied that they would not take my clothes, but they wished to After drinking coffee, the head of search them; but he angrily looked at the house whispered in my ear a them and said, "This man is in my word which bore great risk in those presence" (a phrase used by th e clays. It was that he was a member nedouins to signify protection), "and of the "Young Turk" party. He in- 1 will cut off the hand of any man vited me to join the society, explainwho touches him." ing its noble objects, and in the end I joined. He then turned to me and asked where I was going, and when I told Initiation to a Secret Society him "to Damascus," he said, "Sit here." He fetched the ass on which Salim: How did you join? I would the leader had been riding, put me Eke to know all about it. on it, and gave me a pouch containing food to eat on the way. He SheiMl: The man and his friend then wound a red handkerchief were called upon to testify of my around my turban, and said, "Now, general character and my ability to if anyone interferes with you in the perform all that the society asked of road, tell him that you are under the me, even to the shedding of blood, protection of So-and-so, whose scarf and then drew up a form of guaranthis is. God keep you in safety." ty by which they bound themselves as surety for me. They then took I went on, praising God for this me, blindfolded, by night to an unprovidential deliverance, traveling by known house, and led me into an innight, and feeling neither fatigue nor ner room. From the whispering I need of slumber. W:len the morn- gathered there were many people ing came, I saw a village on a hill, present. They sat me on a chair. where I obtained some rest. I then and one of them questioned me as to went on, asking the way from my birth, my birthplace, my family, passers-by, and resting in the vil- my education, and my motives for lages, until I reached Damascus on desiring to join this society, which the third day. would expose me to great risk, since Abdul-Hamid and his despotic of- I entered the city in the morning ficials were spying on it every inand went to the square, where I left stant. the donkey in charge of the innkeeper. I was intending to take a I replied that love of my fatherstroll around the town to inspect this land and my compatriots who were very ancient and beautiful city. suffering great oppressio'h made me While I was considering what I desire to spend myself in their adshould do, a fine carriage passed me vancement, which, apparently, could and a handsome young man of not come except through the prin- ,c;eventeen stept from it and informed ciples of liberty, equality, and unity.

A TWICE-BORN" TURK"

which were only to be found with Akka, Tyre, and Sidon, passing this society. many places in the vicinity of Mount Hermon, where I obtained informa- The questioner said, "Suppose that tion of the religion of the Metawalit requires you to shed your blood, lis and Behais. do you care to spend your life for After passing some of the towns the cause?" r replied that I was of Lebanon I finally arrived at Bei- rut, where I made myself known to ready to do so. the Young Turk party and told them He asked: "Will you take the of my political obj ects, that they might assist me in my work. Then oath, and agree that if you break I went to Tripoli, and after a few your word your blood may be shed clays at my own home, took leave of by order of the society?" Vhen I my father to go to Banias. agreed, one of them took me into a room and removed the bandage from As the season was advancing, the my eyes. I found myself before a people wished me to remain with tlble, on which were the Koran and them the three sacrecl months of the Bible, with a revolver. Three Rajab, Shabfm, and Ramadan, to men were sitting by the table, dis- cleliver special addresses. I was able guised. to show them, to some extent, what a rule of despotism they were living I saw my friend the Pasha take under, but letters came asking me to a paper from the table, upon which take my family back to live there, in was the copy of the oath, and, after order to teach them the Arabic lanputting the bandage on my eyes guage and religious SUbjects. My again, he made me repeat the oath, father gave his consent, only stipuplacing my right hand upon the Ko- lating that I should not make friends ran and the left upon the revolver. with any Christian. He then took me back into the general assembly room. On removing Spiritual Backsliding the bandage I saw that those pre5'ent were eight in number of the chief in- Salim: What was your spiritual habitants of Damascus. The secre- condition at that time? tary gave me a card, with my number and the date of my initiation, Sheikh: I joined the Young Turk and a guide-book to the cyphers party in Damascus for the only purwhich they used when required. pose of propagating religious liberty ill order to get personal freedom for Later, they decided to locate me, myself and others like me, who infor the time, at Marqib, near Lata- tended to make known our views kia, in order to pose as a leader of concerning the truth. But I am religion, but, in reality, to be a secret sorry to say that by joining that rolitical agent, ql1ietly giving instruc- secret party my religious fervor tion to· the people, to show them the cooled down, and I became so slack <lmotmt of despotism and tyranny in that my religion was used merely for Syria. They gave me credentials in political ends. In spite of all, howcypher to comrades in those parts, ever, the Islamic faith within me had many of whom were holding impor- be~n wreck~d Ol?."=e for ajl, and then~ rtant positions under the Government. left Damascus, qnd traveled to

remained nothing but external re- side the school door to prevent Mosligious acts and words. lem scholars from entering.

My conviction that Christianity I said to him, "You are a very was God's true religion remained as devout Moslem, but you must either before, but my endeavors to follow allow me to serve my Moslem it stopt, the fire in my heart having friends through my knowledge, or become dim, tho not entirely ex- I myself will get an appointment tinguished. Often when left alone I in the Roman Catholic school, and would feel the rebuke of the Spirit so serve the children of the Chrisof God, and for that reason I tians. I do not want to deprive avoided being alone. Vhenever I hap- my Moslem brethren of my religpened to sit with a Christian I ex- ious knowledge, but unless you perienced great joy. agree to my first proposition you will see me coming every evening Before a year passed I moved my from the "Frere" school and carryfamily in order to be near one of the ing my book to the Great Mosque in chief Catholic Christians of the order to deliver a lecture. Should place, and we were like brethren. even your Excellency forbid that?"

For two years I stayed in Banias He stroked his long white beard and was at first very happy, but for a moment and then said, "Be during the last half I found much free in your own school and I will opposition, partly due to the fact bear the responsibility." He began that I made the acquaintance of so to visit my school and I met with many Christians. This caused them great success, teaching by day and to make all sorts of charges against preaching in the mosque and private me, and I asked permission of the assemblies by night, teaching them to party to return to my birthplace. expect religious liberty.

Anarchy in Latakia When the first tidings of the pro- mulgation of the Turkish Constitu- While in Beirut I formed ac- tion came to us they exceeded the quaintance with one of the residents limit, for they even t ran s g res t of Latakia, and through him I de- against the rulers, and anarchy ruled cided to go there, and he assisted me i11 the town. They made my school a to open a primary school, altho the place of meeting and decorated it as Mutasarrif opposed the opening of much as possible. One of the more it without an Irade issued by the enlightened ones suggested that Sultan Abdul-Hamid. ev·ery speaker should send me his address in order that I might read This Mutasarrif (local governor) it and take from it unsuitable exwas such a religious fanatic that he pressions, but none listened to him. would gather the parents of the They rushed to the platform, and Moslem scholars .of the Roman most of them in their addresses ac- Catholic school and warn them cused officials of various crimes and against sending their children to it of having accepted bribes, and for fear of their leaving the Islamic promised them all sorts of punishreligion. He threatened them with ments. The next day all those met penalties if they did not take them away, and sent police to stand Qut-

CHINESE STUDENT

together who considered themselves ask him to resign. He consented, members of the Society of Union and even gave away all he had to and Progress. appease the crowd. The palace was shut up with only a few police left They invited the Nusa!riya sect to in charge. Ignorant and learned join them, and going to the Govern- were all equal now until the town ment House, gathered together the became, in the words of the Arabic officials to make them swear fidelity proverb, "A sack of onions—a11 and uprightness. If anyone uttered heads," for they supposed that this the least word of resistance or was was the meaning of liberty, equality suspected of bribery they cried out, and fraternity. They would listen "Down with him !" The others to no adviser. Before the Constituwould reply in the affirmative, so tion the despots were a number of that after two days the palace was individuals, but afterward all the inemptied of the officials whose down- habitants were despots! fall had been proclaimed. Some resigned to preserve their honor. In the end they sent me, under There remained in the palace only arrest, to the Martial Court, but my the Mutasarrif and a few clerks. life and deeds were crying aloud to When some leaders (and all were the Moslems, "Am I a Hamidite or leaders in those days!) cried for a Constitutionalist?" their downfall, I advised them to let the Mutasarrif alone and I would (To be continued.) The Chinese Student Volunteers* BY I. H. SI, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN Formerly of Shantung Christian University, China m.S . T. PAUL saw only in. and to demonstrate the power, the a vision a Macedonian dynamic force behind the truth of who appealed to him Christ that she so urgently needs. . to preach the Gospel China thinks that she needs truth to them, while we in the form of more means of com- Chinese students see munication and of transportation, of . opening mines, of reforesting our this appeal in one f05m or another in hills. In short, we think the need is for material advance; but at bottom concrete example in the occurrences the need is for spiritual regeneration.

of our daily lives. This is the need Who is to do this work? At present we are necessarily depending for Christianity in China. upon foreign help; but ultimately, if Christianity is the conquering The greatest change that has taken power that she claims to be, this place in China is not political. It is the fact that China has come to realize the need of truth. The task before us is to manifest this truth * From }In<..dd~~.s _~e~~~'if.d at the Student Volunteer ConventiQn, K.nsas City, January I, 1914;.

work must be done by the Chinese studying in this and other countries themselves. Our students, studying are in a peculiar sense witnesses to in America and in China and in the truth. We are here as searchers other countries, must be the leaders. for truth, and we may see some truth of which we forget the source, Weare preparing to meet this which is Christianity. We Chinese need only in a very small measure. students in America will be untrue The Student Volunteer Movement to our mission if, when we return to was started in China in the Shantung China, we do not teach our people Protestant University by a God- Christianity, and demonstrate to them fearing and prayerful evangelist, a that it is the power they most need Chinese pastor by the name of Ding at the present hour. Li Mei, a graduate of that university. He had not only the necessary In view of this need we have in power and the individuality, the America and in Europe and in Japan dynamic force, but he had experience an organization of our own, the to enable him to do this work. In Chinese Students Christian Associa- 1900, during the Boxer trouble, he tion. We are trying the best we can had suffered much for his faith, and to struggle, to search for this truth, in Ig08 he came to the Shantung but at the same time we need your Christian University to hold a re- guidance and cooperation, materially vival meeting. There had been be- and spiritually. Pray for us, assure fore that time students who had us of your help and friendship. We given themselves to the Christian Chinese are watching you Christians ministry, but only a few, and up to ",.ho claim to have a Christian nation. that time we had no organization Vve come from a non-Christian nalike the Student Volunteer Move- tion, and watch your individual life ment. But in 1908 there was a and your social life and your nagreat revival among the students, tional life. We want to know how and we immediately felt that the you do things along Christian lines; evangelization of the Chinese in this hut unfortunately sometimes we see generation should be undertaken by the other side, and we forget that the Chinese themselves. There were this great nation is based upon Chrisonly 300 students then, but 180 of tian principles. Sometimes this is them pledged their lives to this pur- because we have not the opportunity pose. This formed the nucleus of to see your real Christian life. the movement which was organized in the following year in Tungchou, Will not Christian ladies and gennear Peking. Pastor Ding Li Mei is tlemen, who are interested in the now the traveling secretary for all expansion of the Kingdom of God, China, and I understand there are help foreign students-the Chinese over 1,000 volunteers. This is a students, the Japanese students, the large number for a movement only Hindu students-while they are ill its beginning, but considering the studying in this country, 'show them great need in China we should have this Christianity in which you bea hundredfold that number. lieve; and when we return home we can not but tell it to others and re- We Chinese students who are produce it ourselvc~.

Christian and The

BY REV. S. R. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA SOME OBSERVATIONS GROWING OUT OF THE BElLIS TRIAL AND ITS INFLUENCE ~H OW true are the philos- effort, not heeding right from wrong opher's words, "Na- -human or otherwise-exiled all the ture's greatness lies in Jews, and thus freed the country Nature's contrast" – from all the Jewish people. Now, the contrast between after four hundred years, the Rus- Nature at her best sian people have determined to do and human nature of its worst- the same. But, while Russia is so death and life struggling for mas- busily engaged defying humanity and tery, with life inevitably, doomedly committing all kinds of outrages in handicapped. order to free herself of the Jewish people, Spain of old is wooing If Nature's greatness lies in Na- Israel-making a desperate effort to ture's contrast, what about this win back the Jewish people and to phenomena of Judaism, and espe- banish that horrible past, and, with cially of the Jewry as it so extraor- castanets and guitars, so to speak, dinarily presents itself, arresting the are trying to awaken older and hapbeholder's gaze? pier memories. Recently, the chief rabbi of Turkey was solemnly salut- What a wonderful twin picture un- ed by the Spanish fleet; her noblefolded itself all over the world at men came forward offering protecthe end of nineteen thirteen! In one tion to the Jews in Turkey and proframe were the fine features of Sir vidi~g them with homes; official Rufus Isaacs, K.c., P.c., in his robes visits were paid to Morocco with the as Lord Chief Justice of Great offer of religious liberty and help to Britain, exalted to this high office by the MQorish Jews; the most learned the King of all the Britains. In the Oriental Jew in Berlin, Professor other frame was the melancholy pic- Yehuda, was entertained royally in ture of Beilis, accused of a foul, Spain, and he was asked to organize heinous crime-rendered, if possible, a chair of Hebrew literature in the fouler and more heinous by the alle- University of Madrid. All this has gations of its motive. been done in order to win back to Spain the Jews who solemnly, under Think of the treatment accorded to a ban of excommunication, have dethe Jews in Britain and America, termined never to return. It may and that meted out to the same peo- be that there are deeper motives in ple in the land of the Czar. What a the Spanish mind-that there are fantastic, continuously moving pano- politics in these sentimental ballads; rama occupies the beholder's eye as but for the present we prefer to take he keeps watch on the Jewish fate.

Over four hundred years ago the people in Spain, by a determined

a poetic view of these returning purpose they have used several affections, and to glory in the vision methods: ( I) Wholesale assassina- of Spain and Judea clasping hands tions (commonly known as Pog- over a buried past. roms), usually incited by priests of While Russia is frantically en- the Greek Orthodox Church, aroused gaged in creating general distrust in to religious fanaticism by the greed the Jew, one of the noblest of Rus- and savagery of the ignorant and the sia, in the personality of a Grand depraved among. the Russian people.

Duke, who had a court trial in (2) Wholesale expulsion of Jews London, England, begs his advocate, from towns where they had resided the Right Han. F. E. Smith, K.c., for many years, forcing them at to make sure that his case should be short notice to liquidate their affairs tried by the Lord Chief Justice, be- and return to the already overcrow<l- cause before this Jewish judge he ed Pale Settlement. The hardest would be sure of a just verdict! possible interpretations were given to These are all phantoms of con- those unjust and most cruel laws in trast that pass rapidly before the order to confiscate the little of the mind, but interesting as these are, we property that was still left to the can not linger and simply gaze at the poor Jew. In less than one month, contrasting panorama, effectual as it six thousand Jews were expelled is; but let us see the clear contrast- from one city alone-Kieff. During what the Jew can be, and what he is. the past twenty-three years no less At present we are concerned with than thirty thousand Jews were thus an extraordinary condition, the re- massacred, and at least two hundred sult of a famous trial. Its lessons thousand wounded and left home- are of utmost importance. Its ef- less, and thousands of innocent Jews fects on the Jewry, the attitude of have suffered, and are still suffering, the Christian, the sentiment created, in the awful Russian prisons, and the resulting attitude 'of the Jew hundreds have actually been lost in toward Christianity, are the main Siberia.

factors which demand our attention. To degrade Jewish young men and The Jewish Condition in Russia women to the lowest possible degree, practically al1 universities were alto- The position of the Jewish people gether closed to the Jews, and even in Russia grows increasingly deplor- in ordinary commercial schools their able, and there is little hope for re- numbers were reduced. But still fur- lief. The situation is of the gravest ther to degrade and deprave the J ew- character. It may be doubted ish womanhood-the very thought of whether Jewry has ever confronted its villainy makes one's blood boil- a greater crisis since the overthrow if a Jewish young woman student of the Jews by the Roman Empire. wants to study in the St. Petersburg Since 1890 Russia has adopted a University, there is only one condi- deliberate plan to exterminate the tion under which she can do so, and six millions of these people, and for that is, that she enroll herself as a no other reason except that they are prostitute! To enumerate the woes Jews. To carry out this inhuman and sorrows, expulsions, imprison-

CHRISTIAN AND THE

MENDEL BEIl.IS The origin of the blood accusation has not yet been discovered. It dates Photo taken after acquittal from the middle of the eleventh cen- tury, tho in the polemic of Josephus ments and boycotts of the Jews in against the Alexandrian Grammarian Rus~ia during 1913, would take more Apion, the latter is charged with havthan the space of a single article. ing accused the Jews of annually fat- tening some Greek in the temple, The last and most degraded method killing him, offering his blood as a of all is a Satanic falsehood, which sacrifice, eating of his internal organs, seeks to degrade the whole Jewish and swearing an oath of enmity people, and make them out to be against all Greeks. During all ancommon murderers. Two and a half tiquity and far into the medieval years ago a boy in the city of Kieff times, there is no trace of similar acwas found murdered, and some time cusations against the Jews. Since the later a Jew, by the name of Beilis, origin of this superstition has not was arrested as the alleged murderer. been discovered, we do not attempt to The evil character of the situation solve the problem. The first case in is seen in the fact that the public which the Jews were actually accused prosecutor, with the approval of the of killing a Christian child for ritual Minister of Justice at St. Petersburg, purposes was that of S1. William of formulated a charge of "ritual mur- Norwich in II44. Since that date cler" against the man, who was said T22 blood or ritual murder trials to have murdered a Christian child have taken place. These cases do in the performance of a Jewish religious rite!

Blood Accusation BARON RUFUS DANIEL ISAACS.. lC.C., P.C.

Blood accusation is a term usually Lord Chief Justice of England (a Hebrew) understood to denote the accusation that the J ews—or at least certain .Tewish sects-require and use Chris- tian blood for purposes which stand in close relation to the ritual, and that in order to obtain such blood, they commit assault and even murder.

not all agree with facts, but they all the proceedings in such a manner as have a similarity in suggestion; first, to shield the real culprits. They sucthat the murders involved the accusa- ceeded in doing so. It must be said tion of blood; and second, that the to the honor of Russian officialdom, crimes were related to the Passover that it was, nevertheless, not easy to festivities. accomplish this. Several police offi- cials had to be put out of the way, There is nothing that so affects the because they had been so incautious Jewish heart with horror as that and reckless as to wish to bring out awful nightmare of "blood accusation." the truth, and the examining magis- There never was a ritual murder trial trate had to be changed for the same without thousands of Jews having reason. been massacred. Strange to say, there is scarcely one of these accu- At last, when Russia had made sations which has ended with a herself the laughing-stock of the practical conviction, and in spite of whole world, the peasant jury were the declaration of kings, emperors, called upon to decide on the followsultans and popes, it was always an ing two questions: excuse for the general mob to give themselves to massacre and robbery. 1. Was Yuschinsky wounded in the head, back, temple and neck with some prick- The Beilis Trial and the Verdict ing instrument in or·der to draw out blood, and then murdered with the After two years of indescribable same instrument, receiving altogether sufferings in fearful Russian prisons, 47 wounds? where Beilis was subjected to all kinds of degradations and in- 2. If the above fact be demonstrated, was sults, and all manner of political Beilis, associated with some unknown maneuvers, twelve Russian peasants persons, moved by religious superstiwere chosen to listen to the argu- tion in the commission of this murder? ments of an array of distinguished councils, learned theologians, medical The jury answered the questions professors, and the examination of as follows: a host of expert, as well as manufactured, witnesses. For a month Question No.1 ………….. Y es these simple peasants had to listen to Question No.2 ………….. No all the vital points urged by these sages, weigh them carefully, and then Beilis was thus acquitted. His give their finding-a thing which no acquittal, however, must be ascribable reasonable man could expect these only to the fact that the Kieff jury simple peasants to accomplish suc- were honorable men. One may say cessfully. that they should have negatived both questions submitted to them, but it From a criminological standpoint can not be demanded that every jurythe trial was utterly uninteresting. man, besides being an honorable man, The persons who committed the should also be a hero. [Moreover, crime are known in 'Kieff, and the they may have been convinced that police officials and examining magis- the man was so wounded.] trate only had the task of conducting It must be regarded as praise- worthy in the highest degree that the jurymen found Beilis not guilty, even if in consequence of the extraor- dinary pressure brought to bear upon

CHRISTIAN AND THE

them, they theoretically and tech- form of defense, when the jury re- nically admitted the possibility of the tired, were of classic simplicity and murder having been committed out force. He thoroughly proved his of religious fanaticism. They were, consistent attitude by refusing a of course, impelled to admit this comparatively large sum ($20,000) possibility without a scrap of evi- to make his appearance on the vaude- dence, to show that the crime had ville stage of America. He has no been committed from a religious desire to trade on his own sufferings, motive. and he shows a fine dignity in re- The Kieff trial was not a criminal fusing the offer, altho he is a poor trial in any sense of the word. It man.

was a political prosecution staged Christianity and the Jew by the powerful All-Russian League of Nobles, which is an organized in- It is easy for a Jew born in a land fluential party of reaction, and is of liberty, and who has had the supported by the various leaders of privilege of an enlightened and liberal the Russian bureaucracy for their education, to be able to distinguish be- own ends. tween true Christianity and that of Some of the leading Jewish papers base Russia. It would be out of har- in Britain and America have stated mony with things in general if they that it was neither Beilis nor the did not appreciate what Christianity Jews who were really on trial, but has really wrought in the world of that it is Christianity that is on trial, civilization. But it is not so with in the name of which innocent people those who have been brought up in a are hounded, murdered and robbed. dark country like Russia, where the F rom the very beginning the trial common rights of humanity are not lifted from the obscure individual granted to them, where they have to that of the Jewish race. What suffered, and still suffer, every form Christian Russia insists is, that it is of ignominy and oppression at the a Jewish religious demand to murder hands of those who profess to be the a Christian boy for the purpose of followers of the lowly Nazarene.

mixing the victim's blood to make Jews in such lands are led to believe unleavened bread for the Passover. that the sorrows they endure are The press of England, America and visited upon them in His name, and Germany teem with comment on this the result is that they are constrained trial, and all are in harmony in de- to believe that Jesus is responsible for nouncing it as a foul, false, heinous their misfortunes. The persecutions, accusation. spoliations and degradations to which Mendel Beilis is an ordinary J ew- they are unjustly and without cause ish laborer, but the more one hears subjected, and the murders and as- of him the more one is attracted by sassinations which have robbed them the inherent nobility of his character, of their loved ones, have been iden- as shown by his patient endurance. tified with His name. And so, one During his trial he faced his ac- can easily see how the name of cusers with simple-minded courage, Christ and Christianity is held in de- and the few words he uttered in the rision throughout that empire.

Israel Zangwill, when asked to statesmen in high office, given their join the throng of protests, wrote: opinion so freely and directly in favor of the Jewish people. It has I have steadily refused to protest revealed the attitude of enlightened against the Beilis case. What have Christianity toward the Jew in no I to protest about? It is for the unmistakable light! Russians to protest against their country ueing made a laughing-stock; I. The protests of individual Chrise it is for the Christians to protest tian bodies, individual Christian digagainst their religion being made a nitaries and enlightened laymen, and mockery. I should gladly attend a then the united protests, proved that Russian or a Christian meeting to true Christians were ready tcr drop help the poor souls to right them- all their differences, vital as they are, selves in the. eyes of the world. But and to show their earnest determinaa Jewish meeting-Nol tion against what they believed to be unju.st and unholy-and above all, Mr. Zangwill was absolutely right. unchristian, thus showing their sym- It is a solemn time for the "Chris- pathy with the poor, suffering 6,000,- tian" to reflect and to protest against (lOO Jews in that unhappy country, as false Christianity, And the "Chris- well as with the Jewish people in the tian" did handsomely! There never world. was a time in history when all kinds and shades of Christianity joined so 2. The attitude of some of the enwhQle-heartedly and with such de- lightened Christians in Russia itself termined enthusiasm to voice public should excite our keenest admiration; protests all over Germany, Austria, the students stood foremost, but they France, Italy, Britain and America. were found among all classes, even Many enlightened Christians even in street-car conductors joined with the dark Russia protested at the peril Kuban Cossacks regiment, sending a of their livt:s. One's soul 'Could week's salary to help the Beilis cause. not but be filled with ecstasy, when he watched how these meetings were Even the Russian Orthodox Church organized-a dignitary of one church deserted the Czar at the courtroom, presiding, and dignitaries of other and refused to affirm the ritual murchurches delivering impassioned ad- der. At the verdict an old Russian rlresses of protests-not to mention priest embraced Beilis, and said: the leading scientists, statesmen and "My wife and I have prayed for you men of affairs. The united har- throughout the trial." Even the monious spirit that prevailed at these Pope, in two remarkable letters to gatherings-bringing all shades of Lord Rothschild, was ready to give Christians together~showed a won- aid in affirming old Papal Bulls derful possibility, and even gave a against ritual murder. Two Russiau vision of what could be wrought for bishops protested openly. The headl a future and better understanding. of the Catholic Church in Russia dis- owned the priest Paranaitis. whoI Christian Attitude and Jewish Appre- gave base evidence.

ciation The pro-Beilis expressions in R'ug,.- sia outweighed all the anti-Semite Seldom in Jewish history have so outbursts. Remarkable demonstra- many ministers of religion, and

CHRISTIAN AND THE

dons took place at and around the dox papers printed in]erusalem could residence of BeiIis. The whole not help realizing the difference be- Lukianovka district rejoiced at the tween the false and true Christianity. release of the prisoner. Christian neighbors actually regarded Beilis as The Outlook a saint. Many embraced him and wept for joy. One of the jury was The latest census returns give the on his knees an hour, begging a number of Russian-Jews as 6,060,000 friend not to sentence a man whose -an actual increase during the past guilt had not been proved. fifteen years of 845,000. This has revealed a most disappointing and Duma deputies, doctors, lawyers, disquieting situation. For it means have been prosecuted' and have suf- that the constant and heavy immigrafered imprisonment for signing a tion has been more than neutralized' , protest against the accusation; no less by the natural increase of the poputhan six Russian papers have been lation; and in spite of the trains and' confiscated, and the editors have suf- ships that carry the Russian Jews by fered imprisonment; and a number of scores of thousands to other lands, trials are still pending. there is a bigger Jewish popUlation than ever, cooped up in the Pale of All this shows the attitude of the Settlement. Such a fact may well enlightened· Christian, and that even engender a feeling of despair in the in unhappy Russia there are noble hearts of the Jews who rely entirely souls ready and willing to suffer for on philanthropic methods to cope a righteous cause, with the Jewish problem.

All these protests, public meetings, A fter all these endless wanderings, addresses delivered, and the opinions. these numberless institutions, these exprest in the letters of some hun- interminable committee meetings, this dreds of bishops, ministers and lead- unceasing expenditure, the Russian ers of thought in the world, as welt Jewish problem has not advanced an as the kindly attitude of some Chris- inch from where it stood when the tians, were carefully and faithfully great exodus began a generation ago. published in the Jewish papers am over the world. Leading papers, such While new ghettos have been plantas the Jewish Chronicle and the Jew- ed on both sides of the Atlantic, the ish World, have not satisfied them- Pale still exists in all its grim misery, selves with special supplements, giv- with a population driven closer to its ing full details of the attitude of en- walls. Six millions still tremble at lightened Christianity, but they have the word "Pogrom." That is the also printed it in a little book form. net result of thirty years' striving! These went all over the Jewry, and' What a pitiable tragedy! the Jew saw something in Christianity which he never saw before-a. Some may have wondered, in their matter of utmost importance and. innocence, why it is that the Russian gratification. Jews, who are more than six mil- lions, can not accomplish more than We wish we had the space to pro- they actually do, on their own beduce some of the leading appreciative half. The rea-son is that they are articles that appeared. Even ortho- disabled by the customary Jewish

malady of internal strife. It is dis- voices against such an accusation, creditable, but characteristic. and the Jewish people realized their justice. Mission halls and reading- In the struggle between the reac- rooms became the rendezvous for tionary and the progressive powers in those who wanted to know more, and Russia, the Beilis trial is only an in- to be enlightened about the case, as terlude. The attack attempted by the well as to learn news of its progress. reaction has failed this time, but it The missionary became the only corhad the effect of rousing not only rect reporter of proceedings at Kieff. the progressive, but also the en- More than this, the missionary took lightened and respectable elements in the opportunity of bringing the awful Russia. The civilized world on both situation before the churches. For sides of the Atlantic, without regard instance, in Toronto, Canada, when to denomination or faith, has been a the synod of the Presbyterian Church breathless spectator of the combat. met, I prepared a protest and brought Russian reaction is 'most certainly not it before the synod, and it was cardefeated. One fears, indeed, that it ried unanimously. My remarks, as will not for long refrain from fresh well as those of others, were reported assaults, either against the Jews in in the local press, and the Jews were Russia, or the Russian intelligent not slow in showing their gratitude. classes. That is the mournful pros- Even an orthodox rabbi, who is pect, but things are assuredly not the usually antagonistic to the work of same in Russia. Fearful as have our mission, thanked us. been the sufferings of Beilis, terrible as have been the horror and abuse to Thus we have no hesitation in saywhich the Jewish people have been ing that the result has been most subjected, we believe that the recoil satisfactory on behalf of Protestant upon the head of the Russian Govern- Christianity. At first we felt the ment will yet be the heaviest of all. difficulty would be great to get the Jews to realize the difference between We ought to give unhappy Russia Christianity and Christianity, but the our true and whole-hearted sympathy two years of struggle evidently was in her great struggle for liberty. The a most powerful factor in enlightenpeople, church or community that ing the Jews in this respect. Of will stand by her in this her sore course, there is a great deal of spade trial and time of need, will be those work to be done, but we believe that who will also lead her in her eman- a point of contact is established, cipation from ignorance, 'Superstition without doubt. and bigotry, into enlightened Protestant Christianity. The Beilis case has brought about another temporary movement of Influence on Missions solidarity among the Jews. It has also opened the way to a better treat- Whatever the result of this trial ment of Jews by the world at large, n-Iay be, it has created a point of con- and is leading to a better understandtact. From its very beginning the ing of the Christian by the Jew, and Jewish missionaries all over the world an appreciation of each other, which grasped their opportunity in no un- is, to our mind, priceless. mistakable way. They raised their

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CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK DRAWING ON UNSEEN RESOURCES NE of the most notable the fact that little or no effort was made to advertise the names of even l?OJ utterances at the re- the most prominent speakers who cent Student Volun- were expected to be present." Nor tee r Convention at were there announcements of the Kansas City was that program while the convention was of Doctor John R. in session. Every delegate had to be Mott: "We must draw in his place at every session or run more on our unseen resources." the risk of missing the greatest speech of the convention. Yet the The convention was itself an ob- hall was filled three times a day, and ject lesson on the power of prayer. ill the evening the number turned Blest of God as these quadrennial away at the doors increased from T,000 on Thursday night to 3,000 at student gatherings have ever been, the closing session on Sunday evethis one, the seventh since the for- ning. mation of the Student Volunteer Movement, was the greatest of them Whence, then, did the power all. The attendance was large and come? From God, through prayer. the interest was intense. At times The indispensable place of prayer in such a hush fell upon the assembly all the work of the convention was that, to use the words of a Kansas emphasized at every point, and for City reporter, the rays of light com- weeks beforehand appeals were sent ing in through the windows seemed out for the purpose of enlisting interan intrusion. cessors. "Far more money was spent in asking for cooperation in prayer Wherein did the power of the than in any advertising of speakers convention lie? Not in a popular, or programs," says a leader of the emotional program. "Never was a Movement. program more puritanically simple," says The Missionary Herald. "John Both before and after almost every R. Mott can never be charged with session at Kansas City, little groups creating or permitting any effects gathered for prayer in various parts that stir the emotions. Not even an of the convention halI, and each day occasional burst of applause was per- cards were distributed urging the mitted. It was the array of actual observance of the Morning Watch, conditions on the fields that com- so that the convention was constantly prised the appeal to student life. praying for itself. And by special There was no persuading; no urging agreement there were many praying to place their lives in the missionary for it in all parts of the world. In enterprise." Yet there were many his masterly address on "The Power new recruits for foreign missions, of Prayer," which so deeply moved and thousands of young men and the hearts of his hearers, Doctor women went back to their colleges Horton said that if he was wielding with lives transformed and hearts on any power it was not his own. The fire for God. secret of it lay in the fact that by previous agreement, at that very Nor was the attendance the result hour, carefully computed as to time, of advertising the program or the there was a band of praying men speakers. "One of the remarkable and women on their knees in Lonfeatures of this, compared with former Volunteer Conventions," says The North American Student, "was

don, pleading with God to bless the Isaac Taylor Headland tells of see- message of their pastor across the ing an old blind woman sitting on sea in this far-off city. the bare ground in the cornfield on a Solving Financial Problema Through cold winter day, feeling about her if Prayer by chance she might find a few weeds or cornstalks to light a fire The recent solution, t h r 0 ugh under her brick bed and cook her prayer, of the financial difficulties of morsel of bread, oblivious of the fact two great missionary organization's- that just beneath her was a great the Church Missionary Society and undeveloped coal-mine! the China Inland Mission-demonstrates, no less than the Student What a picture this is of mission- Volunteer Convention, the wisdom of ary organizations, great and small, drawing on the boundless resources laboriously gathering odds and ends of God, instead of trusting in the de- of money, when by drawing on the vices of man. boundless resources of Goel they might have enough and to spare.

During the past five years the The Lack of Public Prayer Church Missionary Society has been accumulating a debt which last year Mr. Benjamin Starr, a layman of amoimted to $370,000. Dismayed by Homer, New York, has been inves- the vast proportions it was assuming, tigating the amount of prayer offered a conference was called at Swanwick, in the average church for the spread England, to carefully investigate the of the Gospel. Having recently matter and decide what to do. Not made the rounds of a number of only the officers and leaders of the churches, visiting their Sunday and Society were invited, but all who had regular mid-week services to see the interests of its work at heart. At what they were praying for, he gave the conference more time was de- the results of his investigations at a voted to prayer than to plans and conference of the United Missionary methods. Note the result. Before' Campaign at Schenectady, N. Y.

the end of the year the entire debt "I have found," he said, "that in had been wiped out and nearly $100,- the majority of churches I visited 000 had been added to the perman- there was almost no time spent in ent income of the Society! Instead prayer for the salvation of the world.

of the retrenchment all along the In some of these churches there was line that had seemed the only way no mention whatever of the cause of cut, great enlargement has now be- missions in the prayers. In one the come possible. whole matter was disposed of in a At the close of 1912, the China single petition: 'God bless the mis- Inland Mission found itself in sore sionaries and their ministries.' The financial straits. The income had praying was all selfish. 'The Lord been the smallest for sixteen years, bless our church; our pastor; our and only by shaving salaries and prayer-meeting; our Sunday-school; postponing furloughs was heavy debt our homes; our children; our sick; avoided. But, true to its practise of our city'-all selfish. Anyone who asking God, not man, for funds, the will take time, as I did, to visit the China Inland Mission betook itself churches and analyze the prayers, to prayer. Ere long a gift of $50,000 will be grieved to find how little from a living giver and a legacy of public prayer there is for missions."

$250,000 from the estate of Mr. At Silver Bay, last July, the Rev.

William Borden came to their relief, George F. Sutherland, secretary of and enabled them to enter upon the the Department of Missionary Edu- advance movements that had been cation of the Methodist C h u r c h , planned. spoke along the same line. "If the In "China's New Day," Doctor prayer we hear in public is equal to

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that offered in private, the total is "Third, we are to begin with the pitifully small," he said. "And the missionaries already on the field, for public prayers we hear are alto- these are God's channels of salvation gether too vague. We ask God to and blessing to the heathen about bless the heathen and the missionaries, them, and they need constant revivand stop there. But that is not praying ing in spirit, soul, and body. for missions. Real praying for missions is definite and intelligent, and "Lastly, we are to begin with the includes the missionaries (special native church in the midst of the ones by name), native oastors and heathen; for extensive and intensive helpers, Bible-women, evangelists, evangelism depends upon the native native churches, hospitals, schools, Christians, and the work of reaching colleges, and so on ad libitum." To the masses will never be accomthis Mr. Sutherland added the fol- plished until prayer is offered and lowing good advice: "Do not pray answered for these. for all these things at one meeting. You will do well if you cover the "When the soul has been exercised whole ground in a year. Whatever about such subjects as the above, you do, don't prav for the heathen in then-and ideally, then only-is one a lump. Take them in sections, that prepared to be an intercessor in beis, by fields or stations." half of the heathen.

Praying for the Heathen "In praying for the heathen it is necessary to understand what are "How ought we to pray for the God's purposes toward them, for much of the ineffectiveness of our vast multitudes who have never praying arises from the fact that our prayers are not in harmony with the heard of Christ?" will of God as revealed in the Vord of God. To illustrate: I once knew Some months ago this question of a man. who prayed: "Oh God. convert the Devil. and do it quick!" was sent to The Sunday School This was a splendid prayer from one standpoint, for it was daring, it went Times for discussion in the depart- to the root of the matter. and pro- posed to God that He should deal ment. "Questions in the Prayer effeetively with the whole question of sin. But it was wholly opposed to Life," conducted in The Times by the revelation of God's purposes as related to Satan and sin. so it re- Mr. Henry W. Frost, of Philadel- mained-as it always will remain—': unanswered. phia, Home Director of the China "The Scriptural testimony concern- Inland Mission. Mr. Frost's consid- ing the heathen is briefly this: First, (;od would have all men to be saved. eration of it, somewhat condensed, Second, he has commanded that the Gospel be preached to all men. Third. was as follows: . He has said that many will believe and be saved. Fourth, He has fore- "The way to pray for the heathen, told that many will disbelieve and be lost. Lastly. He has made it clear in the first place, is not to pray for that when the Gospel has been preached as a world-wide witness. them; for there are some prayers when the saved have heen gathered out from the lost, and certain which must precede such a prayer. national and international events have been fulfilled, Jesus will come "First, we are to begin with our- again, and inaugurate a new age, in selves, since the following questions ought to be settled before God: Are we ourselves right with God? And if we are right, are we ready to answer our prayers for the heathen by doing all we can for them, in giv- ing, and, if need be, in going?

"Second, we are to begin with the church at home; for the heathen will never be saved and blest unless the church is quickened and God's cho- sen ones in it sent forth as his wit- nesses.

which He will reign as King, and the discussions of the class-hour. through which He will reveal new The result was a season of intercespurposes of grace to the children of sion, remarkable for its intelligence, men. definiteness, and fervor.

"This is God's program, as revealed "Mission study classes should be in the Scriptures. Intelligent pray- schools of iutercession."-W. E. ing for the heathen will, therefore, be Doughty. in harmony with these foreknown and foretold plans. And intelligent Meth.Qds of Conducting Services of praying will be effective praying, since it asks God to do what He can Prayer do. and nothing besides. A Service of Silent Prayer.-At the "In view of the above, prayer for Lake Geneva Conferences of the the heathen should include pleadings Missionary Education Movement in that all men may hear the Gospel; I9I2, Mr. Harry Wade Hicks conthat multitudes-God's chosen ones ducted a prayer service that was -may believe; that those who believe deeply impressive. While the audimay tell out the Gospel that other ence stood, with bowed heads, he multitudes may hear and believe; read a number of special objects for and that all of God's purposes may prayer, presenting them one at a be fulfilled in the coming of Christ time, and allowing a brief period and the establishment of His king- after each for silent intercession. dom. The auditorium became intensely still as each one, in the secret of his own "As surely as such prayers are of- heart, lifted up' these petitions to fered, so surely will such issues be God. AU were praying at the same hastened and the great consumma- time for the same things, and there tion be reached." was nothing to distract the attention.

Training in Intelligent Prayer Silent Prayer Preceding Audible Petitions.-A brief period of silent In his advanced study class on prayer closed by one or more audible China, at Silver Bay, last July, Mr. B. prayers at the beginning of the meet- Carter Millikin, secretary of the ing or at any appropriate place dur- Presbyterian Department of Mission- ing the program, is a very helpful ary Education, laid great stress on plan. No form of devotion so quickthe importance of intelligent pray- ly solemnizes the heart and prepares ing. "The crisis is on in China," he it for what is to folIow as silent said at the opening session of the prayer, in which each individual is class. "We have been praying for brought face to face with God. such an awakening for years, but now that it has cOme we lack the in- Meditation before Prayer.-A brief telligence to pray for it." period of meditation on a given topic, followed by a season of prayer, is In order to train the class in intel- another good plan. In a recent numligent intercession for China, one of ber of The Women's Missionary the assignments for work at the first Magazine, Miss Ida B. Little, secresession was to bring in three writ- tary for Young Women in the Uniten prayers suggested by the subject ted Presbyterian Church, suggests a matter of the first chapter of the program on China in which this item text-book to be studied, "The Emer- appears: gency in China," by Doctor Potts. "Meditation-'What sacrifice am I The next day, when the class willing to make for China?' Followed closed with a season of prayer for by a season of prayer." China, Mr. Millikin asked the members either to read the petitions they Prayer in the Dark.-Perhaps had written out beforehand or to there is a suggestion for men's misoffer spontaneous prayers based on sionary meetings in last year's report

I9I 4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

of Melvin Trotter's Rescue Mission, Young Men's Christian Association in Grand Rapids, Mich., which tells in an Eastern college, where reports of the wonderful prayer-meetings of the Student Volunteer Convention that are always held in the dark. were presented. The entire prayer of the leader consisted of a number Why in the dark? "Because the of short, definite petitions, with a men prefer it," says The Record of pause between each long enough to Christian Work. "In the dark they compel attention and keep the mind are safe from distractions and dis- on the topic. turbing- elements of any kind. They are wonderful meetings. Sometimes Maps and Prayer.-Maps are everybody seems praying at once, yet great inspirers of prayer. At a conwithout confusion. The very atmos- ference of the Southern Methodist phere seems charged with spiritual Church, held in New Orleans in power." IgoI, it was the priviIeg-e of one of the speakers from the North to oc- Following the Prayer Leader.- cupy a seat next to Mrs. F. Howard Many a devout Christian who desires Taylor (nee Geraldine Guinness), of to follow the one who is leading in the China Inland Mission. Above prayer, and make the petitions his the platform hung- an immense map own, finds to his sorrow that it is of the world, and it was a sight almost impossible to do so. So many never to be forgotten to see that thoughts crowd the mind that it is devout and earnest missionary turn hard to keep it from wandering- off her face to the map whenever there to other things. Much of the power was an intermission between speakers of public prayer is lost in this way. or a pause of any sort, and fix her Perhaps the following remedy will gaze upon it. From the expression help a little. At Silver Bay last of her face, there could be little July there were many Episcopalians doubt that she had withdrawn herpresent, and whenever prayer was self from the world, and was reoffered they responded to each pe- deeming the time by interceding with tition, as is their custom in their own God for the redemption of the world. churches, with softly uttered, yet audible, "Amens." On Sunday morn- Doctor Somerville, of Scotland, ing, at the church service, on hearing used to declare that a pocket-atla!> of the "Amens" coming from all parts the world was the best of all prayerof the auditorium during prayer, the books, and while moderator of the thought suggested itself that if Chris- Free Church Assembly in 1886. tians of all denominations should proved his assertion by a series of follow suit, and respond to each pe- remarkable prayers, in which he intition with "Amen" (So let it be), terceded for all the nations of the "The Lord grant it," "Praise the earth in turn. The states and terri- Lord," or any appropriate phrase, tories of the United States and the not necessarily out loud, but silently divisions of India and other nonin the heart, it would keep the mind Christian lands, together with many from wandering. of the principal cities in each, were prayed for by name and with an in- The prayer-leader can do much to telligence that showed a wide grasp help in this. At Silver Bay, tho the of the whole world-field. public prayers are entirely spontaneous, they seem to be somewhat An almost ideal season of map-inmodeled after the prayers in the spired prayer was once held by a Episcopal Prayer-book, each petition mission study class in a Young Men's being- for a definite object of praise Christian Association. With a map or prayer with a very brief, scarcely of the world before them, they spent perceptible pause between. The same an hour and a half in silent prayer. thing was noticeable in the opening One by one the fields were taken up prayer of a recent meeting of the until the globe was girdled with pe-

tition, but no word was spoken save "For Africa-I will give thee the by the leader, who from time to heathen for thine inheritance. ·time announced the countries in their turn. "Asia-And the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. At Kansas City nothin~ inspired more prayer than the great map of "Europe-Godless Europe, money- the world above the platform, show- loving Europe, unclean Europe; pu- ing the fields where volunteers had rify her and fill her with thy Spirit; already gone to work for Christ. "One and London, worst of all; we pray of the greatest moments of the con- for London. vention," says The Missionary H eraid, "was when the great silence fell "Hear us, Lord, for Thy Church, upon the audience, and continued for divided, unclean, mixed; let her be the space of twenty minutes, while filled with Thy Spirit, teach her to Doctor Horton led us in intercession pray, help her to intercede for the for the continents in turn-North world, put on her beautiful garments, America, South America, Asia, Afri- put on her the armor of God, give ca, the Islands, Europe-ending her thy hand, that she may rise with with his own country, Great Britain, power to conquer the world. Hear and his own city, London." our prayer, 0 gracious God! Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed This wonderful period of inter- be Thy name, Thy will be done. cession came at the close of Doctor Horton's great address on prayer, "Gracious Father, permit us all and was focused on the map. The henceforth to be intercessors for the North A merican St1~dent gives the 'Kingdom of God. Enroll us on that following stenographic report of the great roll of those who plead for the words he used in conducting it, to- coming of the Kingdom with effecgether with the brief prayer he of- tive power. When we are separate fered at the close: from one another over all the coun- tries of the world, may we constantly "Dr. Mott says I must lead your tillite in spirit together, as we do at intercession. Not on any account. this moment, to plead with Thee for You know who must lead it. All I the coming of that Kingdom, and to have to do myself is to intercede. exercise this united ministry of in- That is all you have to do for fifteen tercession through Jesus Christ our minutes, to intercede. What for? Lord. Amen." Look at the map, that map of all the countries of the earth. That is what "Can we not duplicate every woman working in China by a praying-mate * * * you must intercede for-nothing definitely set apart to the work of in- tercession at home ?"-Mrs. Helen else. Barrett Montgomery, in "H~lps for "I will not read any passage, nor China's New Day."

utter any prayer. We will take the Missionary Prayer Usb continents, and pray for them. I will tell you when to go over from Keeping lists of special persons America to Africa, to Asia, to Eu- and specific objects to be prayed for rope. Give your whole heart, in the is one of the best aids to systematic name and power of Jesus Christ, to and intelligent intercession for mispray for these continents, that they sions. This was one of the things may become the Kingdom of God, especially recommended to beginners in the prayer-life by Doctor HortolJ that over each of them Christ may at Kansas City. reign the undisputed Lord, and that at His command every· knee may It is the custom of the Rev. Ding bow. Bow your' heads and pray in Li Mei, the greatest evangelist in silence. China (some say, in all the world), "For America-North America, to k~ep lon¥ lisls9f ~hos,e for wlJom South America-Thy King-dom come.

OF BEST METHODS

he prays himself and whom he asks thought he could pray for nearly to join him in praying for others. every member of the Mission by lo- This is one of the secrets of his cality and name, which means that marvelous power. W1'en in China, he could visit in thought over two hundred stations and mention over Mr. J. Campbell White met Pastor one thousand persons. 'Oh,' you say, 'but he has a remarkable memory.' Ding and heard of the long hours he Yes, he has, but that is not the full spent in interceding for those whose explanation of it. He has prayed so names were on his lists, and of the often for these missionaries and their remarkable answers that were grant- work that their names lie upon his ed to his prayers. On his return, heart. It is nothing short of a lib- Mr. White told his brother, Doctor eral education to bend. the knee be- W. W. White, of the New York side this man of God and hear him Bible Teachers' Training School. all pray, he goes into such details, and about it. Not long after, when Doc- willingly takes such long periods of tor White was himself in China, he. time to fulfil this ministry of inter- too, met Pastor Ding. In conversa- cession. * * * ."Jion with the great evangelist, he "I remember an address that the . said to him that he would like very much to have his name on one of hi's Rev. J. Hudson Taylor once gave, in prayer-Iisls,' "It is there now." was the astonishing reply. "You are No. which he said that he once made a I knew of the good work discovery that awakened and startled you are doing and wished to share in him. He had been interested in it. " China, and he used to begin praying The question has been raised for that land and would pray for it whether it is a physical possibility so long that he had little time to give for a man to pray with intelligent in- to other countries. So he determined terest for so many persons as this. that he would reverse the process, It seems incredible, yet it must be a beginning with the forgotten lands possibility, for others beside Pastor and ending with China. On thinking Ding have been able to accomplish it. about it, he decided that South And that, too, without the great America was the country most fre- powers of memory characteristic of quently left out, and from that time the Chinese. Hudson Taylor, foun- on usually began his prayer with that der and general director of the China Inland Mission, was able to do it, * country. Then, he added, 'You may and Mr. D. E. Hoste, his successor, does it at the present time. be sure I never forget China.' * * In an address on "How We May "As I speak, I am far away in Become Intercessors,"* given before the All-Day Prayer Conference, held China, traveling in a house-boat. in the Brick Church in New York There are, in the boat, besides the City last November, Mr. Henry W. native crew, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson Frost gave glimpses of the prayer- Taylor and myself. It is night, and, life of these two great English lead- disturbed for some reason, I can not ers of the Lord's hosts in China, sleep, but am lying awake in the which reveal something of the darkness. In a little, I hear the breadth of their intercessory powers. striking of a match, and then I see, Mr. Frost spoke as follows: through the thin curtain, the flicker "In speaking of his prayer-life, of a light. I know now what it is. Mr. Hoste once told me that he Mr. Taylor, who is not strong in his old age, and ought to be asleep, is • An excellent rellort of Mr. Frost's address, up and astir. Through the curtain I together with reports of those of four other no- see him sitting, bending over the table speakers at this AIl·Day Pra:!,er Confer- Word of God. Then, presently, I ence, was printed in the issue of The Su.nday hear him pray. Through the hour, .$;choo~ Timu for January 17, 1914•. or, possibly, two hours, I hear the pleading voice, the escaping sigh.

This man of God is interceding, am- discouragements loomed up large beply and specifically, and identifying fore me. At the first out-station we himself with God and men. This is sat, the young Chinese preacher and the explanation of the midnight hour, I, in his sitting-room, with its the many words, and the sigh which straight-backed chairs, small teaamolints almost to a sob." tables, and a shelf of books neatly labeled anel carefully arranged. The If you can not spend long hours walls were decorated with some all your knees, like Hudson Taylor, scrolls and a picture or two. Hangif you can not intercede for thou- ing over the table were large sheets sands, like Mr. Haste and Ding Li of paper, with Chinese characters Mai, you can at least select one mis- written so large as to be read across sionary and pray for him or her. the room. I asked if they were for .Those who are willing to el)ter God's lise in the chapel. school of intercession, as a rule, find themselves promoted, step by step. "'No,' said the preacher, who was The joy and gladness that comes once a farm hand and had hated the from participation in this form of Gospel so much that he planned to missionary work spur one on and on burn clown the chapel, 'I use them until name after name is added to every night at family prayers as a the list of missionaries aided in this reminder of certain things we must way. all never fail to remember.'

"Prayer is the first and chief meth- "The force is somewhat lost by od of helping to solve the missionary the following translation, but I' give problem. Will not every reader of vou a fairly literal rendering, pre- this help in the effort to get a definite serving the idiom: group of people at home into the habit of supporting by daily prayer I. Oh, Lord, bless the Church. each missionary in the thick of the 2. Oh, Lord, resurrect the hearts of fight?"-J. Campbell White. the church-members. Missions at the Family Altar' 3. Oh. Lord, bless the people of this "The Christian family forms an district, and give them to believe ideal prayer group," says Mr. W. E, the Gospel. Doughty, editorial secretary of the 4. Oh, Lord, bless the preaching of Laymen's Missionary 2lovement. the Word and the distribution of "Carefully planned family devotions, the books. with definite subjects for prayer, will 5. Oh, Lord, bless China; now there be richlv fruitful." is danger for her; bring other countries to be at peace with her; Fran; far-off China comes the help us to a true love of country. story of a family altar where there 6. Oh, Lord, take away the bitterness is definite praying day by day for of the persecuted Koreans. definite objects concerning the spreacJ of the Kingdom. In the account of "His wife was sick in bed upstairs a tour among the out-stations of and his children asleep, but before we separated for the night, we Kashing, the Rev. J. Mercer Blain, knelt on the cold floor and prayed. This plain ex-laborer carried me up of the Southern Presbyterian Church, with him. Nat one petition was tells of it in The Missionary Survey) overlooked, and many others were as follows: added. My strength was renewed; it was communion of soul with soul, "The night was cold, the wind anel of man with God. Is there not was blowing hard, and it was rain- great hope for the Chinese Church ing. I was physically weary and with such praying men as this?"

EDITORIALS

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN The schools at Monterey, San MEXICO Luis Potosi, and Guadalajara have continued without interrup- DAME RUMOR is ever an unre- tion. liable news-vender, and even ap- 2. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (North) : 8 men and their wives, parently reliable source~ ?f in for~na­ located in Mexico City, Puebla, Pachuca, and Guanajuato. The tion too often spread mlsmformatlon. schools are more full of students than ever, and the churches· are One traveler who recently returned well attended. 3. The American Board: 3 men and from Mexico made the remarkable 7 women, located at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, Parral, and Hern;ostatement that there were more Prot- sillo. Attendance at the natIve churches has been larger than in estant churches in ~fexico City than ordinary times, and schools at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Parin all the rest of the country put to- ral have been continued with the usual numbers. The missionary gether! He also said that practically in Hermosillo has been working among the revolutionary (Constiall the missionaries have left the coun- tutional) troops, and has met with most cordial treatment. He has try, and that there are in all Mexico dis p 0 sed of an unexpected amount of Christian literature and now only about 1,000 Protestant New Testaments. 4. Protestant Episcopal Missions: 6 Christians. "The remainder are for- men ancl 4 women, at Guadalajara, Mexico City, and Puebla. Many eigners" he said, "and all but about of the native congregations are roo of'these have left the country." badly scattered, and in some places temporarily abandoned. The man who made these statements is The schools at Guadalajara and in Mexico City are open, and in the a Christian, in sympathy with missions, latter place are planning to build an addition to the Hooker School. and has visited many of the coast 5. Presbyterian Missions (North): 8 men and 5 women, at Mexico towns. His misinformation came from City, Coyoacan, Zacatecas, Sa!- tiIlo, Zitacuaro, and Aquas Calt- Consuls and other government of- entes. The Yucatan district is re- ported quiet, and the work in a ficials-too many of whom know less flourishing- condition. Even more than usual interest in spiritual life about the Protestant Christian insti- is shown by people in many of the stations. During the week of tutions in Mexico than they know prayer there were well-attendea union meetings in Mexico City. about the bull-fights. . Most of the 35 schools and 46 churches are conducted as usual. Correspondence with missiomiri~s and the 18 Mission Boards at work 111 Mexico reveals the fact that most .of the mission-schools and churches are still open and are conducted as us~a1.

At the beginning of the revolutIOn, about two years ago, there were 3.3 I organized Protestant churches, WIth 24,771 Mexican commun!c~nt mem- bers. There are more Chnshans there to-day, altho some of the churches. a.re now temporarily dosed, or are 111111IS- tereel to by Mexican pastors and teachers. Some of the stations have been broken up by the revolution, but will be opened again at the restoration of peace.

Among the missionaries still at their posts are the following: I. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (South) : 4 men and 4 w~men, .lo- cated in Monterey, MexIco CIty, Guadalajara, and San Luis Potosi.

6. Presbyterian Missions (South): for law and order; while Villa is of 2 men and I woman at Matamoras the cowboy type, with rough strength and Montemore1os. The greatest of character, but inclined to take the danger is from bandits. execution of law into his own hands if he deems it necessary. He became 7. Southern Baptist Convention a bandit on being obliged to flee for Missions: 5 men and 3 women, his life after killing a Federal soldiel located at Toluca, Leon, Saltillo, who had seduced his sister. He is not Chihuahua, Torreon, and the fitted for a position of authority, but West Coast. The schools at To- has a mountaineer's sense of right and luca and Saltillo are open as usual, justice. In the event of the success and are well attended. of Huerta, it is believed that the Ro- manists would come into greater 8. Woman's American Baptist Home power, and the only government Mission: 4 women, in Mexico would be by military authority. City and Puebla. The work is conducted as usual in all the mis- The raising of the embargo on arms sion schools. Monterey has been from the United States has no doubt the scene of battle. increased the danger to Americans in districts occupied by revolutionists 9. S eve nth Day Adventists. 17 and by bandits. It is generally be- workers, at Mexico City, San Luis lieved by missionaries that interven- Potosi, Monterey, and Guadala- tion would be a mistake, as it would be jara. The colporteurs are still en- extremely costly in life and money. gaged in their work, with little It would also probably mean ultimate interruption, One Italian colpor- annexation, and the placing of a garri- teur, who was threatened by the son of United States soldiers in every Constitutionalists with death as a important Mexican town. spy, was saved by a page from a Spanish Gospel Hymn-book found What the people in Mexico City in his pocket. may expect if the Zapata brothers, who are conducting the revolution ro. American Bible Society: I woman, south of Mexico City, conquer and in Yucatan. enter the city may be judged fro'm the following information, sent bv I I. International Y. M. C. A.: 5 men, a gentleman residing in Mexico City: in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Monterey. MANIFESTO DEL 12. Disciples of Christ: 6 workers GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA in Piedras Negras. The institute and orphanage are conducted as TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE CITY OF MEXICO usual-a very useful work. Emiliano Zapata, General-in-Chief of 13. Brethren (Christian Missions in the Divisions of the South and the Many Lands): 3 men, I woman Center, to the inhabitants of the City in Tehuacan and Mexico City. of Mexico. Let it be known: Sunday-schools are still open in Orizaba and Rio Blanco. The 1st-That in council of war it has been most important branch of the determined to take the City of Mexico work is the free distribution of hy blood and fire. the Gospel paper El Sembrador (The Sower). 2nd-That unrelenting justice will be meted out to all the enemies of the It is the general opinion of mission- cause that are responsible for real aries that the triumph of the Consti- crimes, being judged by authorities who tutionalists would be greatly to the shall be named for the purpose. advantage of Mexico and of Protestant Christianity. Huerta is a man 3rd-That the property of the conof low character and ideals, and owes demned shall be used for the support of the Constitutional Army. ' his position only to his fighting ability and his unscrupulous character. Car- 4th-That all officers and commanders ranza has some ability, and has respect of the so-called Federal Army will be shot without trial, because of being the only ones who are supporting the usurper.

5th-That in case of surrender before the beginning of the combat, the lives for the conversion of men to Christ of such will be respected, in case they and a sense of the unique power of are not guilty of other crimes. the Holy Spirit are praying and working for an adequate and unified 6th-The traitors, Huerta and Blan- missionary program. The Christian quet, after a swift process of law, will converts on the foreign fields are debe degraded publicly, and hanged in the manding less emphasis on differences balconies of the National Palace, as a and more emphasis on essentials, to universal warning. unite the churches of the mission fields. Laymen at home are becom- 7th-The rest of the Cabinet will be ing more and more impatient with shot without further cause. theological quibbling and more in- sistent on Christian cooperation, with 8th-The lives and interests of the economy and efficiency in service and foreigners who are neutral will be re- a practical manifestation of the Spirit spected. Only those will be punished of Christ. who have taken active part in the politics of the country, after tria1. There is, of cours-e, a danger lest this spirit of fellowship, which some- 9th-That five days will be given to times not only includes all Christian the inhabitants of the City of Mexico sects, but Jews, Moslems and infidels, who wish to get away from the horrors shall cause disloyalty to Jesus Christ of the figbt, to leave the city. and His standards from fear of creating dispute and discord; but 10th-All the executions will be pub- those who acknowledge Jesus Christ lic, in the Plaza de la Constitution. as Son of God and the only Savior. and hold to the necessity of absolute 11th-The unworthy Press will .say obedience to God as His will is rethat forces have been sent out, and that vealed in the Bible, need not fear to they have defeated us, but this will be unite in worship and service. false, for all we have ever seen is the backs of the Federals. One of the great forces for Chris- tian union in mission fields has been 12th-As it favors the best results, the the Edinburgh Conference and the day when the assault on the city is to Continuation Committee under the begin will not be known. leadership of Dr. John R. Mott. His recent world tour with the sec- Cuartel General en Milpa Alta, D. F., tional and national conferences in December 16, 1913, India, China and Japan have brought together missionaries and native GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA. Christian leaders as never before. Their reports brought out the extent The missionary societies at work in of unoccupied territory in each coun- Mexico have now an unusual oppor- try, the foolish rivalries and lack of tunity to come together and to agree cooperation, the great opportunities in upon a policy of readjustment and co- the face of decaying idolatry and operation at the return of peace. A the tremendous urgency due to the letter has been sent out by the Com- present open-mindedness of the peomittee on Latin-America, representing ple and the growth of irreligion. the Foreign Missions Conference, and Most important of all, perhaps, it is earnestly hoped that these boards was the' formation of Continuation and societies will come to some prac- Committees in India, China and Japtical agreement in the spirit of Chris- an. These committees are to contian comity, economy, and efficiency. tinue the work of promoting coopera- Union schools and coneges, union hos- tion and unity. pitals, and presses may be then established, and a division of territory, Another development of recent to avoid pn!sent duplication, and to years is the establishment of union care for the unoccupied districts. In the time of war let us prepare for peace.

UNION AND UNITY IN MISSIONS T HERE is no doubt that the move- ment toward Christian union is growing both at home and abroad. Missionaries with a broad vision of the needs of the world-field and a knowledge of the scattered and inadequate forces, with a deep desire schools and colleges, seminaries and fore God till we get it. No waitmedical work, publishing houses and ing for this is wasted time. Better industrial work in foreign fields. At one day, with power from on high, home there is a new emphasis on than a hundred or a thousand in its union training-schools for mission- absence. God would not have us aries, more (:onferences on special neglect the natural basis of studious fields and topics and united cam- and systematic preparation, for grace paigns in the churches. sets no premium on sloth, and a mind and heart fitted by devout study of There are still some denominations the "Vord of God is most likely to that insist on their "shibboleths" as be endued. essential to fellowship and cooperation but as we come into greater one- As has often been said, but needs ness with Jesus Christ, our Lord, to be continually repeated, men, we must of necessity come closer money, machinery, organization are together and as we emphasize more not able to convert the world. Withthe necessity of immediate and ab- out the Power of God working solute obedience to Him we will through them, they are dead. One not fail to work more earnestly and man of prayer, Spirit-filled, consehannoniously together. The idea of crated and energized by God, can union into one earthly organization accomplish more in one year for must of necessity be secondary to the Kingdom of Christ than can a unity in loyalty, purpose and plan of thousand men not so endued in a cencampaign. tury. In these days when education and contact with western civilization TWO IMPERATIVE MISSIONARY are bringing the thought of the world to the attention of the East, the fruits NEEDS of Christianity are more desired than the roots. Intellectual progress is THERE are two points in which more desired than spiritual growth, the missionaries now on the and social service for temporal betforeign field are absolutely agf'eed: terment is esteemed of greater value ( I) The need of more missionaries than individual sequestration into to take care of unoccupied fields and spiritual life. Better send no more to accept the new opportunities pre- missionaries to foreign lands than to sented. Dr. John R. Mott says that send those who have doubts or unfrom the time he landed in Ceylon settled convictions in regard to the until he left the Japanese islands deity of Jesus Christ, the final auseveral months later there was one thority of the Bible as the rule ot unbroken appeal for more missionaries. Even in Japan, eight per faith and practise, the reality of the cent. of the population have not power of prayer to accomplish obheard the facts of the Gospel and jective as well as subjective results, the missionaries asked for 400 new the necessity of regeneration through foreign workers in the next four faith in Jesus Christ to insure spirityears. Now is the time to take ad- ual life here and hereafter, and the vantage of the opportunity. power of the Spirit of God as the one force on which we must rely for (2) But another and still more im- the bringing of mankind to Christ. perative need is that every man and woman sent out by the Christian When there is a great and true churches !irall have a dear, positive, Christlike. missionary message and spiritual awakening in our churches shall be filled with the Holy Spirit and seminaries at home there will and with power. The anointing by be an unselfish exodus of consecrated the Holy Spirit for service is the men and money into all the neediest greatest need in missions, both at home. and abroad. Let us tarry be- and most difficult fields of the world.

WORLD·WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS INDIA organize a mISSIOnary society to FChristianity and the Census in India bring light into the hearts and lives ROM the 1911 census of India of the blind, the deaf and the dumb Dr. J. ]. Lucas, of Allahabad, in the United Provinces. The census the veteran Presbyterian missionary, returns report 27:125 deaf mutes in made an interesting report to the the United Provinces, and 105,722 conference in Allahabad. Referring persons who are blind of both eyes; to the advance made by Christianity yet there are but two institutions in in the United Provinces, with their the whole territory which make any population of nearly 50,000,000, the provision at all for these sufferers.

Government census superintendent The Future Women of India says: A "One of the most striking features N educatecl native of India, Miss Susie Sorabji, who comes of a of this census is the very large in- crease of Indian Christians. In 1881 notable family of Parsis, has given the figures were 13,225, equivalent in the Dllyanodaya (Bombay) a to 3 per 10,000. In 191 I the Chris- striking prophecy of the future of In- tians numbered 136AC>sJ, or 29 per dian women.

w,ooo. The percentage of the in- "I see, as through the vista of the crease has been 98.2 since 19oI, or coming years, the Indian woman 929.5 since 188r." emancipated, honored, raised, occupy- These converts are mainly of the ing her God-given place as the mis- lower castes, but the superintendent, tress of her husband's home. Till E. A. H. Blunt, writes: "I feel sure woman is recognized as the home- that the Christian of 191 I is in a maker in India, we can not expect much less unhappy condition than he any Indian homes, in this country of was ten years ago, and the reason, palaces-and hovels.

in large measure, I put down to the "Again, in the land where women fact that he himself is a better man. doctors_ are so necessary, I see those . . . There can be no question that women with their gentle touch, their year by year Christianity is becoming noiseless steps, their soothing voices, far more of a reality for those who their undying patience, drawing upon adopt it." that fund of endurance which the Mr. Blunt thinks that the increase Eastern woman possesses in such in numbers should have been greater. abundant measure, and working long in view of the early development of hours without food or rest for some Christianity from the lower strata of precious life. For no other field of society, the Galilean fisherman, the active labor are the women of India Roman slave, and the pagan savage, more fitted, and it is only Chris- lip to the higher. "With the ex- tianity that makes it possible for ample of what was achieved in the them to enter it.

past before us," he says, "its success in HI see Indian women in the schools, Jndia need not therefore cause sur- where their quick intuition, their prize, and the important question for vivid imagination, their ready re- consideration appears to me to be sponse to the child's moods, their not why it has been successful, but wonderful flow of language render why it has been no more successfuL" them invaluable as teachers. All Dr. Lucas also asked if the Con- this will surely be in the near future, tinuation Committee could not call for the heart of woman in India is on the blind in Christian lands to crying for something outside the nar-

row limits of a religion that is effete. ing in the fields. A few years ago, "So I see the long, long lines of you heard very few people praying. To-day from thousands of hearts and India's women, Hindu and Moslem, lips is going up the prayer: '0, Farsi and Jain, lifting on high the Jesus Christ, have favor on me, reburnished, shining lamp of faith, member me, and save me from sin!' walking white-robed through this A few years ago, except in the dark, heathen land of ours, with homes of the workers, there was no eyes aflame with holy fire and hearts family prayer. To-day, the family aglow with Christlike love." altar is being established all over this field. To-day, our common greeting A Moslem School for Girls is: 'Are you happy?' Answer: 'All happy inside. Jesus is inside my EVER since the Lucknow Confer- heart.' " ence of Missionaries Among Moslems was held three years ago, T Questions which Trouble Hindus both opportunities and opposition HE Hindus of the Panjab have have been growing. "There is an had another conference. The open door and there are many ad- presiding officer "strongly recomversaries." Several Mohammedan mended amelioration of the opprest girls have come into the Lucknow c~asses; prohibition of early mar- Methodist School as boarders, and a nage, reform of sadhus (religious great deal of correspondence has beggars or 'holy men'), female edugone on with parents who are think- cation, and relief to widows and ing of sending their daughters there. orphans." . They again solemnly re- "The chief adversary just now," says solved "that not only considerations Miss Ruth Robinson, "is a school for of humanity and justice, but even Mohammedan girls, which has re- self-interest demands that the uncently been opened in Lucknow, in touchables be regarded as on an charge of a Canadian girl who be- equal footing with the other Hindus came a Mohammedan ten years ago, and made part and parcel of the while living in London. Her chief community." So it is recommended purpose in coming to India, she told that schools be started for their edua friend of mine, is to teach women cation all over the country with a that their religion gives a higher view to making them better citizens place to women than any other re- of the empire. While they resolve ligion in the world. She conducts this, some hundreds of Christian her school on orthodox Mohamme- missionaries are, with their helpers, dan lines, teaching the Koran every doing it, making myriads of them day, and keeping the girls in strict citizens of Christ's own empire. One seclusion or purdah." reads of prosecutions of those aiding a widow's suttee, of those making a Singing the Lord's Song business of stealing and selling girls. One girl, eight years old, had been D ~SCR!BIN<! the state of affairs sold to three different men, to each , in hls nelghborhood, the tes- of whom she had been "married." timony of Rev. C. E. Parker (Vikarabad, India) is: "A few Converted by Bible-reading years ago, throughout this district, a Christian song could not be heard, THE Bible in the Warld gives the unless sung by a Christian worker, following incidents, which show or some little children, here and the evangelistic power .of the Word there, who had been taught. To-day, of God, even when not explained by all along the roads the people are the living voice of a missionary.. singing praises to God, and the old, obscene songs are given up. The men While paying a visit in the Panjab are singing at the well; the women to a remote village a Government singing at the mill; the farmers sing-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

school inspector saw a pandit teach- pathy over one of its chief sessions. Then not a church nor a school. ing a group of disciples. Drawing Now well toward a thousand Bapnear to listen, he was astonished to tist churches, and many hundreds catch the familiar words of St. Mat- of Christian schools, represented at thew's Gospel. He asked the pandit this great gathering in the hall of how he came to be teaching out of the Baptist College. Then a lonely St. Matthew. In reply the pandit missionary nucleus; now nearly a told him that at the time of the hundred delegates from the homeland Indian Mutiny he had seen many and from various Christian bodies houses looted, and the books found in India, Siam, China, and Japan, in them thrown away as useless. including alert secretaries of the Among some of these discarded Young Men's Christian Association, books he had noticed this copy of Young Women's Christian Associathe Gospel, which he picked up and tion, Christian Endeavor, and the read. He had found that what he British and Foreign Bible Society." read was so good that he had taught it in turn to his followers. He had But much remains to be done in constantly made use of St. Mat- the Christian conquest of Burma. thew's Gospel since then, and his Among 8,000,000 Burmese Buddisciples agreed with him that its dhists, there are only 3,000 Burwords were very good. .. mese Christians. The vast ma- jority of the converts are from Judlon's Day and Ours in Burma among the Karens of various tribes, and they have come out of animism. T HE Judson centenary was cele- brated in Rangoon in December Slaves Set Free i:a Assam by a week of meetings, in describing which one writer makes the follow- I N the hills of Assam the prophecy ing comparisons: of Isaiah is being fulfilled, and the Gospel is bringing liberty to the "What if Judson could have stept captives. One Christian chief, out of that day in July, 1813, into Hrangkima, a few months after his the vast audience room of the splen- conversion, wrote to the missionary did Cushing Memorial at the Ran- in charge, "Now I am determined to goon College, and could have seen continue believing in God's Vord. the company that literally packed it Therefore, in the name of the Lord from session to session! What a Jesus, I have freed 26 families of contrast to the Burma of a century slaves who are in my village. Now ago! Then the barest beginning of we, all the members of my family, Scripture translation. Now the have given ourselves to the Lord Hible in six languages. Then not a Jesus. It is very happy." This act Christian. Now 65,000 membership means a sacrifice of over one in Baptist churches, and as many thousand rupees, a very large sum more definite adherents, in all more in Assam. Another Christian chief than half the total Christian com- of Lushai, Assam, Hrangvunga by munity of Burma. Then a filthy name, in freeing his 41 families of stockade town of 10,000 people, slaves, wrote to them in these words: straggling along the bank of the "In the name of the Lord Jesus I Irrawaddy. Now a splendid city of free you from your slavery. In 300,000, under enlightened, progres- like manner as you are freed by me sive British rule. Then a sullen, hos- from slavery, be freed from the tile community on every side. Now slavery of sin, and believe in Jesus, throngs of bright, attractive, welcom- then you will have eternal life. ing faces, and wonderful voices in Altho you are freed from being a Christian song. Then a murderous slave to me, unless you are freed pagan king. N ow a British Lieuten- from the slavery of sin you are still ant-Governor, presiding in full sym-

in very great slavery. Jesus suffered magistrate alld the military com- on the cross of wood to free us from mander. The latter was baptized in slavery and that we might have life the old chapel, and is a very out- by believing in Him. To follow Him spoken Christian. On the next Lord's is very necessary for you and for Day, I9 men and 23 women and I3 me." children were baptized. The church CHINA now has a membership of over 300, T Population of the Republic and is entirely self-supporting, also HE most recent and, in fact, the supporting a school which will be- only trustworthy enumeration of come a power in the next few years.

the population of China shows that China Leading in Christian Union ill the limits of China proper there are 302,000,000 people six years old REV. A. C. BOWEN of Chang Chow writes: and over. vVhen those under six years are added, it brings the popu- "There is a great tendency in the l'rotestant churches of China toward lation up to about 320,000,000. union. There is manifest a great de- Taking the country as a whole, the. sire for cooperation along all lines of density of population averages that church work, to recognize members of the State of New York, or 208 to of all denominations as brethren and the square mile. In some provinces members' of the Church of Christ, it is greater, but in most parts of and a willingness to receive all such. the country the population is rela- without requiring them to be retively as sparse as that of Maine. If baptized or to take again Church the United States had as many peo- vows. Emphasis is being laid upon ple to the square mile as China, how- Church comity as nev~r before. The ever, our population would be over churches are realizing that the essen- 600,000,000. – Pittsburgh Christian tials of salvation are accepted by all Advocate. in common, and that nearly alL if not all, of their differences result The Open Door in China C H1..jNG LAU is a market town, from cleaving to the non-essentials. about 160 miles south of Canton, They are thus seeking, and, I be- and said to have 40,000 inhabitants, lieve, wisely, to bring Protestant and the villages surrounding it num- Christendom into one grand union, ber about 100. A Presbyterian chapel leaving, in the course of time, to the has been there for twenty years. Church of Christ in China a unified Much hostility was manifested toward system of doctrine and polity. It is those who favored the Gospel during remarkable what a gracious spirit of the first ten years, and the work was unity exists among us. 'vVe are com- hard, with about thirty converts as ing constantly closer together and, the results. A few weeks ago a fine we believe, the time is not far away church was dedicated at Chung Lan. where there will abide only the spirit Its site cost $1,500 gold, all paid of unity, cooperation and mutual for by Chinese. The San Ning magis- helpfulness."

trate, and the military commander of Another missionary, Rev. W. H.

three districts, came by train, to be Gleysteen, of Peking, says that the present at the opening. They were native Christians of that city have met at the depot by a large company already eliminated from their vocab- of Christians, with banners and music. ulary almost entirely the denomina- and a procession of 500 was· formed tional names which the missionaries and marched through the market to among them still feel obliged to the chapel. More than 1,500 persons maintain. In Peking no Chinaman were at the church, but only 700 could speaks of the Presbyterian church or find seats. Addresses were made by the Methodist church, but designates the native preachers, and also by the these two houses of worship as "th<

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 30

church at Second Street," and "the Watts O. Pye, of Fenchow, which church at Filial Piety Street." lays out with far-sighted wisdom a I Good News from Hainan scheme of mission and governmental cooperation, safeguarding all inter- N one village 23 families out of ests. l1r. Pye states that the lead- 25 are reported to be Christian. ing officials and gentry of the dis- At Fong-Khom, where the first trict are behind this offer. Realizing Christian, a few years ago, was per- that they can not manage their own secuted and forced to pay money for schools on account of the graft, exorcism, now 15 out of 30 families ignorance and inefficiency of their are Christian, and meet daily for teachers, they turn to the mission- family prayer. On Sabbaths they aries. The Prudential Committee, reach the chapel at nine in the morn- upon receiving this message, simply ing and stay until four or five in the did not dare refuse such a clear afternoon. At the village of INak- providential opening. The Home De- dong a group has sprung up from a partment accordingly was authorized boy who came to our school and went to proceed at once, in the hope of home and taught his people. .They securing the necessary funds and are now preparing to build a workers.

thatched chapel. Here the Christians Already the workers are in sight.

not only say grace before meals, but As for the money, it will take not whenever they start out for work less than $IO,oOD this year, and they gather for a prayer, and before $4,000 per year thereafter, and for starting back from their fields they this the Board is making an earnest have another prayer to thank God appeal.

for his care. At Hau-bau seven or Enlisting Chinese Inquirers eight families are living in shacks in T the fields, because they refused to HE adaptability of home methods of evangelistic effort to the foragain worship the demons from whose fear they had been freed. eign field is illustrated in an account given by Rev. Thos. Barclay (of The Shansi Officials' Offer Accepted the English Presbyterian mission) of REFERENCE has already been a mission held at Chinchew, South made in our pages to the un- China. Printed slips were dis- precedented offer made to the Ameri- tributed, asking those who felt in- can Board by the officials of the terested in what they had heard, and province of Shansi, and the fact that Vho wished to make further inquiry.

the lack of funds prevented the to write down their names and ad- Board from grasping the great oppor- dresses, with a view to their being tunity. The proposal was that the called upon and helped as they might Board should supervise the public require. Considering the suspicious- schools of a large section of the ness of the Chinese, and their unwil- province of Shansi, eight counties, lingness to put down their names, lest and take full charge of the Govern- they should be in any way compro- ment high school at Fenchow, a mised, this seemed rather a bold school serving a population of four venture. But it. was fully justified millions; the Government appro- by the result. At the closing meeting priating 4,000 taels for the purpose, it was intimated that 260 persons furnishing buildings for the village • had handed in their names and ad- schools and allowing full freedom to dresses.

teach the Bible and Christianity. A The Canton Christian College cablegram was sent to the mission to S secure more details. The cabled re- OMEONE recently said that an American college which has not ply confirmed the proposal, and it was followed by a letter from Rev. been working for a million-dollar en-

dowment is behind the times. The Even tho during the trial the accused supporters of the Canton Christian men, one after another, declared that College aim even higher, for at a the "confession" he was said to have meeting held in New York during made voluntarily was wrung from the winter they announced that it him either by actual torture or by would take five million dollars to threats, and offered to show the carry out their plans. As many marks of ill-treatment on their friends of the college are Columbia bodies, no attempt was made to in- University men, they hope to make vestigate these charges.

it the "Columbia of the Far East," Since the discharge of all but six so that eventually its students may of the hundred and twenty odd "con- receive as good an education as they spirators," further investigations have would at any American university. been made by foreigners into the Canton Christian College, of which allegations of torture, and a definite Dr. Charles K. Edmunds is presi- statement has been published to the dent, has a teaching staff of 19 men effect that, as the result of close and IS women who are Americans; questioning and an examination of 20 Chinese teachers, and IS student the bodies of certain discharged assistant teachers. There are 400 prisoners, these foreign investigators Chinese students. The college is un- are absolutely convinced that the denominational, extremely liberal in men in question were subjected to its theology, and is incorporated un- torture during the time they were in der the laws of the State of New the hands of the Japanese authorities.

York. The medical department has This very plain statement, backed by been supported by the University of foreigners who would hesitate to at- Pennsylvania. The student fees tach their names to such a grave ac- amount to about $24,000 a year, and cusation without having satisfied the expenses to about $75,000. The themselves that their inquiries had supporters of the college make up been full and careful, was in a sense the deficit with personal subscrip- a challenl!e which, in the best inter- tions. The college has property ests of the Japanese authorities in worth $310,000. Students at the 'Korea, it would have been well college pay only $60 a year for board promptly to accept. Instead, it was and tuition, and it costs the institu- quietly ignored. – Japan Weekly tion $100 a year to educate each Chronicle.

student. The college is endeavoring The Sects of Buddhism to render to South China some such service as Robert College has given THERE are 13 denominations and to the Near East. Many of its 57 sects of Buddhism in Japan.

graduates are now found in positions There are 71,769 temples, 53,oSl of influence. priests, and 73,047 engaged in teach- JAPAN AND KOREA ing and preaching. There are also The Charges Against Japan other kinds of priests and nuns to the' number of 54,00!. Besides these FOR more than two years serious there are IO,OOO students for the allegations have been made priesthood.

against the Japanese authorities in A Specimen Japanese Worker H Korea regarding the torture of the KOZA'KI, a zealous native Koreans concerned in the famous conspiracy trials. Persistent rumors • worker of· Shimonoseki, in addi- of outrages were circulated long be- tion to regular church services, is fore the 122 conspirators were doing street preaching twice a week.

brought to trial, but the authorities At each meeting there is a crowd of contented themselves with a curt from 50 to 100 people, who stand denial that torture was possible. and listen attentively from beginning

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

to end. These people are difficult several editions of magazines conto get into our churches, where they taining "dangerous" material along could hear with comfort, but they feministic lines. will stand in the street and listen. Why this is so constitutes an im- T Korea Then and Now portant subject for thought in con- HE contrast between the early sidering the question of Japanese days of medical work in Korea evangelism. One reason, maybe, is and the present is shown in an acthat to come into most of our chapels count sent by Dr. Hall of a meeting the people must take off their shoes of a medical association in the mili- (geta, or wooden clog). In the sec- tary hospital at Pyengyang, to which ond place, attendance upon the all the physicians of the province of church services renders one liable Pyengyang were invited. They were to be looked down upon and ridiculed entertained at luncheon by the Japaby his acquaintances. Both of these nese r,overnor of the province. difficulties are overcome in street About 75 medical practitioners acpreaching. cepted the invitation, among. whom were a score of Koreans and three Newspaper Evangelism medical missionaries. The medical adviser to the governor-general, from REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, of Seoul, was also present. It was the Dutch Reformed Church in noticeable that all addresses began, Japan, is trying the plan of news– "Ladies and Gentlemen," altho the paper evangelism to bring the Gospel only ladies present were Dr. Hall before the plain country people who and Dr. Cutler, of the hospital at read every word in the newspaper. Pyengyang. Another point upon He pays for a column on the first which Dr. Hall comments was the page of two papers in Oita, and fact that, altho many of the Japaevery other day he publishes an nese and Korean physicians were article on some phase of Christian smoking when the ladies entered the teaching. These articles go into in- room, the smoking immediately accessible mountain homes, into ceased and was not resumed during Buddhist strongholds, and into the their stay. She says, "In Europe, homes of the indifferent alike, and and even in America, men physicians people can read them without the are not always so courteous." knowledge of the neighbors or the relatives until they become suffi- ASIA-THE MOSLEM WORLD ciently interested to disregard both and investigate for themselves. As A Moslem Report on Mi…ions a result of this work, Mr. Pieters is receiving many letters of inquiry, W E seldom have such an opporand several Japanese have become tunity to understand the atti- Christians, some of them joining the tude of an enemy of Christianity as :'I1ethodist Church. is given in the following extracts from a letter published in E1 Minar, Japanese Women Rising a Moslem paper of Egypt: T HE feminist movement in Japan "To my lord, the wise and noted, is proceeding almost as rapidly the author of 'The Brilliant Beacon,' as in China. Several women have may the LQrd strengthen in you the taken to the lecture platform and glorious law. Peace be upon you and vigorous campaigns are carried on the mercy of God and His blessings. through the press. The leader of I have not, nor do I, forget the perthe women was educated in America. severing number of your honored The Government has officially warned communications, and what they coneducators of women against the tain of the published statements of propaganda, and has confiscated the Protestant Christians, in their attack on the world of Islam, and

their subterfuges to secure the de- versities, where a special course of fection of weak lIuslims, and their lectures on hygiene, domestic econmenace to the life of religions, even omy, and the rights of women will of Islam, with its power and won- be delivered for their benefit. In derful origin, and what has been enlightened Ottoman circles the Govpublished by Dr. Zwemer concerning ernment's new measure is regarded the Muslims of Bahrein, regarding as an appropriate means for rethe results of his work among them. generating the world of Islam and placing it on a level with the civiliza- "I read these statements and mv tion of the West. finger-tips trembled, and the cartilages of my shoulder-blades shook, Moslem Hearts Touched and the fir eof sorrow was kindled in my intestines, and burned, till I MRS. PITTMAN writes from loathed life and departed from peo- Tabriz, Persia: "Never have the ple and country, and went, as one opportunities for work among Moshalf-crazed wanders in the desert. lems been greater than now, and you till I reached the assembly of Bahrein. can understand how we are apt to that I might search concerning the chafe in our inability to get out into truth of the affair, and ascertain the the towns and villages. Dr. Pittman is facts of what has been published by trying to do a little by going out to the the preachers of Bahrein concerning near villages for a few days, but we that village of sincere Islam, and per- ought to be occupying Khoi, Artebil ceive the matter with my own eyes. and Sonjan, to say nothing of Mara- gha, Hisadnah and all that region. "Certainly the danger f1'om the Unless we can have established work Christians is not to be underesti- in these important centers before Rusmated, but there are things that sia takes over Azerbijan permanently, make the matter less serious, in that we can have little hope of getting in the most of what has been published a fterwarc1. Dr. Pittman and I are concerning the success of their ac- ready to go to anyone of these places tivity in this place, is exaggeration, at any time if we could be free to do or falsehood.· They purpose by this so, but with only one man for all the news to incite their ruling assemblies. work outside of schools and medical and to inspire them to the donation work, it is impossible to reach the of extensive material gifts. masses in these districts. We are praying that the Board will see our "But the talked-of preachers of need and send us help soon." rlahrein do not amount, in their numbers, to 20 souls, counting men an(l A Moslem Son's Testimony women, and the most of them do not know Arabic well, and do not FROM Teheran, Persia, comes the know anything- of the sciences of story of one of the teachers in religion, and this is part of that the school who has been a Christian which shows that they deceive their for more than four years, but to an governing assemblies, which send extent in secret, as he greatly feared them a constant support, lest there his father, a strict Moslem. vVhen should appear their im1)otf'nce and he became secretary of the Y. M. C. their failure to accomplish their mis- A., took charge of a department in sion, and the fact that the gifts of the day school where he conducted the assemblv go like wind through a morning prayers, and also of one of fish-net."-Neglected Arabia. the boarding departments, where he had charge oJ evening prayers part of From Harem to College the time and asked the blessing at the table, he advertised the fact to all. T HE Daily Telegraph's Constanti- Some days later when he went to his nople correspondent says that father's house the father! after rethe Ottoman Government has decided to admit ~vom(;'n to the uni-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3II

viling him with the usual Persian ex- in Africa, and this testimony con- pletives, told him that he was no cerns the unoccupied fields of longer his son and to "go and be Africa."

lost." The son took it all in silence, An Ideal Evangelizing Agency turned and left the house and came I back to school; but the very next N .May last Lord Kitchener paid a visit to the Old Cairo medical day the father sent for him and con- sulted him on a matter of business missilOn and was very much imprest in the most friendly way, completely with the ankylostomiasis (Egyptian ignoring the incident of the previous anemia) section of the hospital. His day. Two younger sons were con- visit has led to considerable inquiry tinued in the school, and when a as to methods, and the Egyptian Gov- month later the father returned to ernment, we understand, is taking his home city, 200 miles away, these steps to establish hospitals in differ~ two sons were sent to the boarding ent parts of the country flOr the treat- department to be in the charge of ment of the disease. Last year, up their Christian brother. We ven to the end of October, 5,770 anemia much suspect that he had guessed patients had been treated in the Old the truth long ago, and that his anger Cairo hospital-4,622 males and 1,148 was merely assumed that he might females. As each patient stays for have wherewith to answer his criti- a period of three weeks, the mis- cizing friends. Both the younger sionaries regard the opportunity fQr sons have exprest their desire to be- evangelizing as ideal. Dr. R. Y.

come Christians. Stone writes: "Vhen it is under- NORTH AFRICA stood that street preaching in Cairo is forbidden. and that We have gen- The Moslem as a Missionary . erally about 700 people for. daily DR. SAMUEL ZWE1IER, now teaching over an average duration of visitin,Q' America, and who has time of three weeks, it can be seen given his life to work among Mo- that the opportunities are enormous." hammedans, calls attention to the –C. M. S. Gleaner.

great need and the critical situation WEST AFRICA in the contest with Mohammedanism. He says: "None of the un- T A New Mission on the Kongo cccupied fields of Asia. not even HE Southern Methodist Church Arabia, can compare in strategic planned to open in January a urgency to-day with the unoccupied new mission at Wembo Niama, in regions in Africa. where the forces the Belgian Kongo, manned by three are assembling now for the great missionaries, one of whom is a conflict between the Cross and the physician. and their wives. Money Crescent. The situation is critical, has also been given for a hospital, and the testimony, as regards the SQ the new mission will begin its urgency of this part of the mission- work well equipped.

ary problem. is unanimous in its Far up the Sankuru River there character, and comes from every j, waiting a ~reat chief in expecta- part of the mission field. From tion of the coming of the party. Two Syria, Japan, the Philippine Islands, years ago he bade the bishop and China, India. Burma, Ceylon, the the professor send to his tribe men New Hebrides, Sumatra. Arabia, and women who would teach his Baluchistan, and even Pem, tes- people the true way. Every moon timony has come that in the estima- since then he has been cutting a tion of leading missionaries in these notch on his door-post to mark the countries. the most urgent mission- time when they would be back or ary world-problem is to meet and send a messenger. Before the overcome the Mohammedan advance eighteenth notch was cut messengers

arrived from Lusambo, the South- the open street, partly insensible. ern Presbyterian Mission, who re- When she was struck down the peoport that Wembo Niama is anxiously ple found she was not dead, so began awaiting the new missionaries. to stone her, to "help Shango finish his work!" Some Christians living Lusambo is two weeks' journey near had with difficulty driven the away, but it is the nearest mission people off. station, and a spirit of most cordial cooperation exists between the two CENTRAL AFRICA societies in their work. Marvels of African Speech Bibles or Gin? ACCORDING to Dan Crawford: MR. J. NEWTON, secretary of "They possess a wonderful the Native Races and the Liquor tongue, with more tenses for verbs, Traffic United Committee, has re- more voices and genders than are ceived a letter from Rev. F. C. possest by the English language." He Cleaver, of Accra, Gold Coast, which says: "We (Africans) have 19 genspeaks of having recently attended, ders, the most delicate of distinctions, as chaplain, two executions for mur- and 19 categories in the classification ders committed under the influence of nouns, and 33 tenses for the verb. of drink. Mr. Cleaver adds: "One Your poor, cold, bald language does day in July, I went to the Customs not have the futures as we have Varehouses in Seccondee to find one them. Everything that has a vascase of Bibles that had arrived for me, and to 'clear' it through the cus- cular system has one category, i.e., toms. One of the officials in charge jokingly said he hoped I should soon long things, like palms, grass, cane, find my 'case, but as there were etc., are in one system; all short, 16,000 cases of gin and some hun- blunt or round in another, hard things dreds of cases of whisky being dealt in another, soft, flabby things in anwith just then, 'he thought I might other, etc. You need an adjective for have some difficulty!' But in a very each of them, but not so the man who few days all those had been cleared thinks black. He has 60 sounds. It away and dispatched up the railway. is difficult to represent them with 24 It is coming out in shiploads." letters. A changed prefix makes the difference. The thousand of verbs The Cruelty of Heatheni.m all end in "all," a most musical end- ing. In a language thus inflected, it T HE Christians are only a small is impossible to speak ungrammatical- party in the towns in Nigeria, Iy, the initial letter of the principal and in most of them the pagan word gives all-as if you were to priests have the people very much at say not God is Love, but 'God gis their mercy. For instance, during a gave.' " thunderstorm at Oshogbo early in September some people were struck Advance on the Upper Kongo by lightning. The Rev. J. McKay, NINETEEN years ago, Rev. Jos- eph Clark, of Ikoko, visited knowing that if they were not dead Motaka and was received by a already they would be killed by the crowd of cannibals. He was pulled priests of Shango (the god of and pushed to the hut of a big chief Thunder), went at once with the by a very excited and war-painted African pastor to see what could be crowd, all armed with ugly big done. The first woman they found knives and spears. For a time the was quite dead and also the second. outcome seemed uncertain, but the The Shango priests had already landing of Mrs. Clark and her small claimed the bodies and all the pos- baby interested the savages to such sessions of the dead. They hurried an extent that they forg-ot their vioon to find a third woman lying in lent plans. Thirty months afterward,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

two Kongo State officers and a num- crossing a section of Africa in ber of black soldiers lost their lives Mashonaland he met several of these in this same vilIage. In July, 1913, Boer soldier-missionaries and found Mr. Clark again visited Motaka to that they were giving a good account baptize five new converts. After the of themselves. It is not surprizing service 50 gathered at the Lord's ~ow to learn of a general awakening Table. The church at Ikoko and its III the Dutch Reformed Church in dependent stations has now 35 South Africa in the matter of misteacher-evangelists at work not in- sionary service. cluding school teachers;t Ikoko, Ntondo and Frank, and the self- T Unity in Madagascar supporting evangelist at Ituta. HE spirit of Christianity has manifested itself in Madagascar, SOUTH AFRICA where, in face of much discourage- ment, Protestant missionaries have Mi..ionary Awakening in South Africa had friendly conference, and contem- plate closer federation. The design A GENUINE missionary revival is cooperation, not absorption; and it has come to the Dutch Reformed is hoped that, as a result, the Evan- Church in South Africa. For years gelical cause will be materially. this church of the Boers has been strengthened. The outworking of conduating missionary work for the the scheme will ensure that, whether natives in different regions south of belonging to churches connected with the Zambesi River through the faith- the Paris Missionary Society, the fulness of a small group of broad- London Missionary Society, or the minded and loyal Christians. It has Friends' Foreign Missionary Associabeen an uphill fight, as the Dutch set- tion, members will enjoy a common tlers in South Africa, for the most standing, anyone of the bodies part, have manifested little sympathy named welcoming with readiness the toward missionary work. The hos- members of the others. This ar- . tility of the Boers toward the rangement-which may widen and "Kaffirs" before and during the Boer deepen with the years-arises, not War is well known. Behold, how- from any contempt of denominational ever, the wonder-working Providence principles, but rather from a sense of God! As a result of this very war of the importance of unity in face thousands of the Boers captured by of the actualities of heathenism in the British were transported to India the island. The French Government, and Ceylon, where prison camps unfortunately, encourages heathen were formed. The missionaries, both rites among the people, apparently in English and American, in those the interest of "comparative religion" ; countries, at once took a great inter- and this official attitude, combined est in these prisoners, ministering to with the Romish propaganda, does them in their pi sical necessities and much to perpetuate ignorance and giving them alsO' the Bread of Life. superstition among the population.- Revivals broke out in several of the The Christian. camps and hundreds of the prisoners were converted. Several hundred THE OCEAN WORLD Boers at once volunteered for missionary work among the natives at An Australian Men's League home. When the war was over these young men returned to Africa and A PRESBYTERIAN Men's League immediately began to build up the was inaugurated in New South missionary interest in the churches. vVales a few months ago. It is not The churches responded, and now intended to add one more organizamany of these hardy Boer fighters tion to an already over-organized have become soldiers of the cross. Church, but rather to supply a source Secretary Patton relates how in of inspiration and a bond of unity.

The aim of the league is threefold: before the United States Congress. to cultivate the habit of daily prayer, Whether through fear that Congress to be loyal to Christ and the Church, would. pass the desired law, or and to bind men together to help for- through a sudden "conviction of sin," ward the work of the Church. A or through a desire to convince the bronze badge has been designed to be new Governor-General of their abilworn by every member-the Burning ity for self-government, we do not Bush in the center of a Saint An- know, but we are glad to record the drew's cross, the ends of which are fact that the Philippine Assembly has united by a ring. The membership now placed itself on record as opnow stands at about 520, and the posed to both slavery and peonage. league is taking root in Queensland, The text of the new law has not yet Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zea- reached this country, but we preland. sume that it does not radically differ from that which the Commission has Dutch Mission in Celebes so long urged upon the Assembly.- The Outlook. A CCORDING to a Batavia re- ligious paper, De Banier, a move- NORTH AMERICA ment toward Christianity is taking place in Balantak, which lies at the The Religious Aspects of the Panama eastern extremity of Central Celebes, among people who have not yet come Exposition under the influence of Mohammedanism. The Dutch clergyman at T HE Federal Council of Churches Macassar, the Rev.. R. W. F. Kij ften- of Christ in America has apbelt, to whose zeal it is mainly due pointed a Committee of One Hunthat this movement is being followed dred to present the work of the up, writes as follows, on the 19th of churches at the Panama Exposition. September: "I returned yesterday The plan of the work is threefoldfrom a trip to Loewoek (the chief religious activities, exhibits, and contown of Balantak), Kolono Dale, and ventions. The first division will in- clude a carefully organized cam- Kandari. At Loewoek I met Mr. paign of evangelism of a well- Kelling, who had just returned from balanced, effective character, with Lamala. The people there are so generous and sympathetic distribueager to become Christians that tion of the Scriptures. Such organiwithin 14 days 1,800 persons have zations as the Woman's Christian ioined our congregations." (Here Temperance Union, the Young follows a list of 15 places, served by Men's and Young Women's Chrisfive native pa1!tors, with a total Chris- tian Associations, the World's Contian community of 2,356.) gress of Young People's Societies, as well as the Woman's Board of the Slavery in the Philippines exposition, are planning large things for practical service. For example. SINCE the Supreme Court of the the Young Women's Christian Asso- Philippine Islands decided in ciation will expend $50,000 in carry- 1907 that there was no applicable ing on travelers' aid work. Through law either of the United States or the religious exhibits, a vast Chrisof the archipelago punishing slavery tian laboratory will be maintained in as a crime, the Philippine Commis- a building which it is hoped will be sion has endeavored to persuade the erected on the grounds, and known Philippine Assembly to place such a as Assembly Hall. Great gatherings law upon the statute-books of the of religious bodies, national and inislands. Early last summer the Com- ternational, are to be held, and in mission adopted a resolution and for- addition to these it is planned to warded it through the Governor- present two great allegories. The General to the Secretary of War, first, devoted to home missions. will urging that this matter be brelught

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

be a vivid portrayal of the early pIe in their Sunday-schools in mishistory, development and present- sionary interests, have neither courses clay fruition of the missionary move- nor lectures on missions in their semment in America. The second will inaries, have no students in colleges show the effective missionary move- or theological schools preparing to ment among men throughout the go to foreign fields. Their clubs and world. other organizations of men never consider the question of foreign mis- A Great Gift to Moslem Children sions; their ministers never preach on foreign missions; their churches T HE Committee on Moslem Lands never take up missionary collections; representing the World's Sun- not even once a year. There is no day-school Association ended at Unitarian missionary periodicals, lit- Poughkeepsie, N. Y., February r rth, tle, if any, foreign missionary literaan I I days' campaign to raise a fund ture. to prosecute work among- Moslem "Christian Endeavor" c. children. The speakers were Bishop MORE than 100,000 societies un- J. Hartzell, chairman of the com- der various names, with more than 5,()00,000 members, are now at mittee, and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, sec- work under the methods and prinretary; Dr. G. T. Erickson, of Al- ciples of Christian Endeavor. They bania; the Rev. Stephen Trowbridge are found in every country in the and the Rev. C. K. Tracy, of Turkey, world, and in more than 80 evanand Marion Lawrence, of Chicago, gelical denominations. Reports from and Frank L. Brown, of New York, the world-wide field show more than general secretaries of the Interna- 1,500 societies in India, 800 in China, tional and World's Sunday-school ISO in Japan, and hundreds more in Associations. The subscriptions other mission lands. Missionaries amounted to $48,771, induding find the society the most effective or- $6,000 already provided for, through ganization yet devised for training Sir Robert Laidlaw, of London, rep- the native converts for definite Ouisresenting the eastern section of the tian service. One hundred and fifty association. Rev. Stephen Trow- thousand dollars has been secured for bridge and his wife plan to leave in the International Headquarters Buildthe autumn to take up Sunday-school ing, to be erected on the corner of work for Moslem children in the Mt. Vernon and Hancock Streets, Levant. Boston, and plans are being made to secure $150,000 additional, of Unitarianism and Missions which $10,000 has just been con- tributed by a friend of the move- T HE Christian Register, organ of ment. American Unitarianism, publishes two articles by the Rev. Mr. An Invalid's Work for Missions Sunderland, a Unitarian minister, contrasting the intense foreign mis- MISS LIZZIE JOHNSON, of sionary activity of American Chris- Casey, Illinois, an invalid and an tians with the almost entire absence intense sufferer for 25 years, has of such activities in his own con- raised over $16,000 by the making nection. American Unitarians have and selling of book-marks. This one representative in Japan, and dis- money has supported in foreign burse something over $4,000 in this lands native Christian workers who enterprise. That is all. They have have given an aggregate of a century no Foreign Missionary Society, no and a quarter of service. Bishop Women's Foreign Missionary So- Frank W. Warne, of the Methodist ciety, none for young people. They Episcopal Church in India, recently are, according to Mr. Sunderland, doing nothing to train the young peo-

sent word that he has decided to ap- have been found, and are free, acply the Lizzie Johnson memorial gift cording to their own judgment, to of $3,800, forwarded to him by her devote the income to the best adsurviving sister, to the erection of a vantage for the good of their fellowchurch in Cawnpore, Northwest men." India, where the congregation has outgrown the building in which it The Chicago Hebrew Mission worships. This church is entirely self-supporting and all the members T HE Chicago Hebrew Mission has have been enlisted in the every- passed an important epoch in member canvass for the new church her history, having celebrated a fund to supplement the Johnson gift. quarter of a century of patient, loyal Several members are pledging more and whole-hearted toil for the Masthan a month's salary; and the girls ter among the people of Israel. To in the Cawnpore school have raised read of the 25 years of blessing and nearly $35 by their own handiwork. its continued progress of what God has wrought for this mission, lifts The Church Peace Fund up one's heart in praise and adora- tion to God. ANDREW CARNEGIE has adnen to his gifts for the propaganda In 1888 the income of this misof peace an endowment of $2,000,000 sion was $726.06. In 1912 the inas a foundation for a new organiza- come was $14,8r6.56. The total retion. The gift is for the education ceipts during the 25 years was $173,- of the nations through the churches, 751. 16. To us it is not mere figures "md the organization is The Chmch of money that came in. Every cent Peace Union. of 'which Llisl10p Greer that comes to a Jewish mission comes is president, and in which 25 denomi- from people who are loyal to the nations of Christians and Jews are Word of' God, loyal to the divine represented. In announcing the gift. forecasts of the prophets, loyal to Mr. Carnegie said: "Certain that the Master; and what a matter of the strongest appeal that can be gratitude it is to know of the many made is to members of the religious who are keeping watch on the walls bodies, to you I hereby appeal, hop- of Zion, to know the noble army of ing you will feel it to be not only men who have stood by this mission your duty, but your pleasure, to un- from the beginning. Some have dertake the administration of $2,000,- passed and are now in the presence 000 of 5 per cent. bonds, the in- of the King, others are still here and come to be so used as, in your judg- are holding the fort. It is enough ment, will most successhllly appeal to inspire anyone with the hopefulto the people in the cause of peace ness of the future of Israel. through arbitration of international disputes; that as man in civilized There is a special effort being lands is compelled by law to submit made in the way of celebrating this personal disputes to courts of law, so anniversary by a forward movement, nations shall appeal to the Court at and it craves the prayers of God's The Hague or to such tribunals as people. The superintendent is Mrs. may be mutually agreed upon, and T. C. Rounds. bow to the verdict rendered, thus insuring the reign of national peace Boston Chinese Christian Workers through the international law. . . . After war is abolished by the lead- T HE Chinese Young Men's Chrisil1lS nations, the trustees, by a vote tian Union, which ims been a of two-thirds, may decide that a bet- vital organization in Boston for a ter use for the funds than those number of years, has recently had to named in the preceding paragraph find larger headquarters for its work, moving from Tremont Street to 163 Harrison Avenue. From 40 to So

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese laundrymen and merchants LATIN AMERICA comprise this band of Christian work- HA Missionary Program for Mexico ers, whose efforts on behalf of their 0'YEVER dis~u.rbed and uncer- own countrymen are along the lines ~alll the polItIcal outlook ill of social and moral uplift, as carried on b.y the Y. M. C. A. generally. MexIco may be, one thing is certain, This organization is independent of the Y. M. C. A., however, and the namely, that the forces of Christ in costs of carrying on the work have been met by the Chinese themselves. that land are drawing- together in a The Union is a union in truth, for closer bond. the leaders have sought to keep it non-sectarian, in spite of the wish At the meeting of the Secretaries of a minority to make it a Congregational body, and its membership of .Foreign Mission Boards of the is made up of members of I2 different Chinese Sunday-schools in Bos- Umted States and Canada in New ton. Besides holding regular Sunday services, the Union headquarters York, Secretary Robert E. Speer, of serve as a clubroom and social center the Presbyterian Board, U. S. A., for the members, as well as for non- Christian Chinese. . It is hoped that asked all the secretaries and mission- the work wiII be more far-reaching aries who were interested in Mexico now, as the headquarters is nearer Chinatown than heretofore. Among to meet him in private conference the inhabitants of Chinatown the worship of idols has almost di;ap- Repr.esentatives of the Methodist; peared, whereas it used to be a common sight, and this is due in no small BaptIst, and Presbyterian churches measure to the influence of this ag- ~esponded to the invitation. Dr. gressive Christian organization, which ~peer suggested to them frankly that seeks the spiritual welfare of its fellowmen. the present is a good time to set ~bout the. unifying of mission work III that dlstrest country. It is re- ported that no voice of protest was heard. Dr. Speer's idea is that all the theological seminaries in Mexico should be consolidated, that local schools should be cpormesbsiensed~haonuldd the several missionary be put together in one large establish- ment. It was further suggested that the country be districted, as is al- ready done in Korea. A committee w~s appointed to work out the de- New Secretaries in Canada taIls for further consideration _ T HE Methodist Church in Canada has appointed as General Secre- Christian Observer. .

tary of the Foreign Department Rev. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Dr. James Endicott, who went out to China as a missionary 20 years A New Missionary Training Institute agD, returning in 1910. His years REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, the of service in China give him first- honored associate editor of THE hand knowledge of the requirements ~hSSIONARY .REVIEW, has been led of the foreign mission field, and hav- Illto a new lme of work in the es- ing been a foreign missionary his tablishment of a training institute appointment should create the closest "for young men and women who de- bond between the missionaries and sire to prepare themselves for Chris- the administration 111 the home tian work at home and abroad."

Church.• During the eight years in which he At the same time Rev. J. H. has been vicar of St. Paul's, Port- Arnup, who has seen service both in man Square, London, 27 or 28 young'

Saskatchewan and in three years' men and women have gone out from work as secretary of the Canadian St. Paul's to foreign missionarv Laymen's Movement, has been ap- work, most of whom have ther'e pointed Assistant Foreign Secretary. been brought into their Christian ex-

perience. These workers have in to obey two monarchs as a soldierthe past been sent to various train- first, the King Jesus, because in the ing institutions. Russian army there are hundreds of Points of resemblance between Mr. Jews to whom I can preach the Gos- Holden and the late Dr. A. J. Gor- pel; and secondly, the Czar, my don have often been noted, and it is earthly king."

of interest to recall that Dr. Gordon also came to the conclusion that it Once a Merchant, Now An Evangelist ought to be part of the work of a P ASTOR Simon Stephanoff of living church to train its own mis- Moscow, a merchant of large means, who has abandoned business sionaries. Already Mr. Holden is life to devote himself to evangelism, the president of a band of consecrated young people, who go by the name has adopted the following as one of the K~ng's Messengers. What method of reaching people usually spare time they have they gladly de- inaccessible. He has given into a vote to real mission work in the phonograph an address presenting in East End and to caravan campaign- simple terms the essentials of salvaing in the summer months. tion, and has put the resulting discs Mr. Holden's work at St. Paul's on sale. These are readily sold and has been maintained mainly by are used in hotels, private houses and prayer, the answers to which have cafes. been nothing short of wonderful; and it is in the spirit of prayer and OBITUARY confidence in the Divine promises Dr. George D. Marsh, of Turkey that he is shouldering this further undertaking. I N the death of Rev. George D. Marsh, D.D., the American Board The British Drink Bill has lost one of its most faithful rep- resentatives in the Near East. O N the authority of Sir T. P. Whittaker it is stated that the During his 41 years of service in annual drink bill of Great Britain European Turkey Dr. Marsh spent amounts to $805,000,000; and it is only two years on furlough in the estimated that of this vast sum at United States, the last being in least one-half was spent by people 1896-97, when he was honored with who formed three-quarters of the the degree of Doctor of Divinity by population, with working-class in- Yale University, his Alma Mater. comes. In other words, by that class of the community least able to afford Throughout his missionary career an expenditure which could only be he was indefatigable, sharing the made at the expense of health, at the work of the laborers as well as expense of efficiency, at the expense planning churches, securing funds of home and social well-being. for their erection, and overseeing their construction.

THE CONTINENT In the varied sufferings of the Obeying Two King. Bulgarian people this year he shared sympathetically, never showing an- A WRITER in the Jewish Mission- noyance even in his illness at the ary Intelligencer tells of a young constant ringing of the bell by the Russian Jew at Rotterdam, whom thronging poor. In need of a Rev. D. H. Dolman had just bap- nurse's care, he yet preferred that tized. He was asked why he wished his daughter, a trained nurse, should to go back to Russia to do his mili- work for the soldiers at the State tary duties, for the greater number hospital. "If I were a young man, of the younger generation of Jews I should be down there," he said to in Russia leave the country to avoid a volunteer of the Red Cross at the military service. He said: "I want front. AND MISSION LANDS THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By Sherwood he is now planning to do for the Eddy. Illustrated. Map. 12mo, world, in four volumes, of which 215 pp. Cloth, SO cents; paper, 35 this is the first. Here he considers cents, net. Missi'onary Education the "New World Life" as shown in Movement, New York, 1914. tendencies to international industry, peace, and idealism. He. considers The Secretary for Asia of the In- also the New W orId problems of international Y. M. C. A. has written dustry, wealth, race-destruction, sothis text-book that tells the stirring cial conditions, and lawlessness. story of the general awakening of Asia. From wide reading and exten- While this volume has not the insive travel, Mr. Eddy has gathered terest-compelling power and convincfacts that compel attention. A new ing argument of "Our Country," it is era has dawned, for which Christ and a distinct contribution to the study of Christian missions are, directly or in- world-problems by a man with vision directly, responsible. Separate chap- but not visionary. ters are devoted to Japan, Korea, China, India, and the Near East. The JUNGLE DAYS. By Arley Munson, M.D. book is worth reading, and forms the Illustrated. 8vo. 298 pp. $2.50, net. D. basis for a fascinating and spiritually Appleton & Co., New York and Lonstimulating study. don, 1913.

HEPBURN OF JAPAN. By William Elliot A vivid, stirring story of life in Griffis, D.D. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.50, nct. India by a young woman physician The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, from America, who went out inde- 1913. pendently, worked for a few years in the Wesleyan Mission hospital at This life-story of one of the first, Medak, and at intervals traveled and the oldest, and most honored of mis- visited various interesting centers. sionaries to Japan, has already been Dr. Munson writes with vivacity, and noticed. Dr. Hepburn made a tells of her experiences with a charm marked impression on Japan, and the not unlike that of Amy Wilson-Caraccount of his energetic and success- michael. She was a Christian misful labors will not fail to make a sionary, and sought to relieve the marked impression on the reader. moral and spiritual poverty of the vVe have here not only the story of people, as well as their physical ills. the man and his mission, but. much The book is delightful reading. light is thrown on the development of Japan and on the problems, difficul- LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By ties, and achievements of Christian Belle M. Brain. Illustrated. 12mo. missions. 75 pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. OUR WORLD. The New World-Life. By Josiah Strong, D.D. 12mo. 291 pp. This unique volume of love stories $1.00, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., New is dedicated "to the Girl who is York, 1913. tempted to say 'No' to her lover be- cause he is a Student Volunteer." Ever since the appearance of "Our The stories include those of Adoni- Country," twenty-six years ago, Dr. ram Judson and Ann Hasseltine, Strong's name has been synonymous Robert Moffat and Mary Smith, Dawith a striking and forceful presen- vid Livingstone and Mary Moffat, tation of facts. He not only knows James Gilmour and Emily Prankard, how to state the facts so as to make Franc;ois Coillard and Christina Macan impression, but how to interpret kintosh, and Henry Martyn, to whom them and how to point out the signs Lydia Grenfell said "No." They are of the times. stories with a purpose, but touch life at a vital point, and are well written What Dr. Strong did for America to reveal real love and joy and hero- PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER. The ism. It is an excellent volume for young people's libraries, or for a gift Life of Theodore Leighton Pennell, book. M.D., B.Sc., F.R.G.S. By Alice M. MILITANT METHODISM. A National Con- vention. Bvo. 379 pp. $1.10, net. The Pennell. With an Introduction by Methodist Book Concern. Cincinnati and New York, 1913. Field-Marshall Earl Roberts. Illus- The first National Convention of trated, 8vo, 464 pp. lOs. 6d., net. Methodist Men (held in October, 1913) was a missionary convention, Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, and was one of the most stirring gatherings of men ever held. More 1914. than 3,000 men were in actual attendance; there was an unusual program HINDUISM ANCIENT AND MODERN. By the of able speakers from Methodist and other denominations; the results have Rev. J. A. Sharrock, M.A., S.P.G. 2d., already been widely felt. It is the net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. story of this Convention, with the addresses by Robert E. Speer, Bishop AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life Story of W. F. McDowell, S. Earle Taylor, French of Lahore. B>, Dr. Eugene Stock. Charles A. Rowland, J. Campbell 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, White, W. 1. Haven, and others, that 1913. is told in this volume. Dr. Speer's address on "The Central Task of the THE NEGRO'S PROGRESS IN FIFTY YEARS. Church of Christ," and the series on "The Can or America and of the Compiled by Monroe N. Work. pp. 250. Vorld" merit especial notice. 30 cents, postpaid. Tuskegee Institute, FOLLOWING THE SUNRISE. By Helen Bar- Ala. rett Montgomery. 12mo, 250 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. RELIGIONS AND RELIGION. By Dr. James Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadel- phia, 1913. Hope Moulton. 3s. 6d., net. Methodist This is a brief but excellent ac- Publishing House, London, 1914. count of one hundred years of Baptist foreign missions from the be- MISSIONARY JOYS IN JAPAN: Leaves from ginning, under Adoniram Judson, until the present time. It is in the My Diary. By Paget Wilkes, B.A. form of a mission-study text-book, but because of its informing nature, 7s. 6d., tlet. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., and its interesting, entertaining liter- London, 1914. ary style, it can be largely used as such in the Sunday-school, in young LION-HEARTED. The Story of Bishop people's societies, and in mission- Hannington's Life Told for Boys and study classes. 'Girls. By Cannon E. C. Dawson, M.A. 25., net. New edition. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, 1914.

MISSIONARY HEROES IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. By John C. Lambert, M.A.• D.D. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., Lon- don, 1914.

A STUDY OF THE THLINGETS OF ALASKA. By Livingston F. Jones. Illustrated, 8vo, 261 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H.

Revell Co., New York, 1914. CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By Mary Lane· Dwight. Illustrated, 12mo, % pp.

Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

THE CAUSE OF THE SOCIAL EVIL AND 'THE REJll:EDY. By Albert W. Elliott. 12mo, 141 pp. Webb & Vary Co., Atlanta, Ga., 1914.

NOT LAWFUL TO UTTER AND OTHER BIBLE READINGS. By Dan Crawford, F.R.G.S. Bvo, 176 pp. $1.00, net. George H.

Doran Co., New York, 1914.

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS (1910). Depart- ment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Large 8vo, 411 pp. Govern- mD.enct., Printing Office, Washington, 1913.

NEW.BOOKS PAMPHLETS LANKA: THE RESPLENDENT LIFE. The TEACHER TRAINING ESSENTIALS. First Story of the Baptist Mission in Cey- Standard Course. By H. E. Tra!le, lon. By John A. Ewing, B.M.S. M.A., Th.D. 142 pp. 25 cents. Ameri- 2s_ 6d., net. Baptist Missionary So- can Baptist Publication Society, Phila- ciety, London, 1914. delphia, 1914.

THIRTY YEARS IN KAsHlIIm. By Arthur EXTRA-TERRITORIALITY IN CHINA. A Lec- Neve, F.R.C.S.E. Illustrated. 12s. 6d., ture Delivered at Kuling, 4th August, net. Edward Arnold, 41 Maddox St., 1910. By Arnold Foster, B.A. 31 pp. W., London, 1914. Price, 9d. Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell St., London.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1914

to the

JANUARY, I9I4 SOME QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I0J THIS NUMBER PREP"RED BY ;'viRS. F. :-'1. GILBERT 1. Vhy did the natives of Nigeria have in their houses pieces of wood bored with seven holes?

2. vVhat is the latest kind of guide for tourists? 3. Why is astronomy taught in a theological seminary in China? 4. What definition of Christ is found in a Chinese dictionary over 200 years old? 5. How was a map made so interesting that some small boys did not want to leave it? 6. To what famous Oriental has the King of England presented the Encyclopedia Britannica? 7. Vhat kind of missionaries did Count Okuma say are needed in Japan? 8. In what non-Christian land have more than two million Bibles been sold during the past year? 9. vVhat benefit has resulted from the attempted assassination of India's Viceroy? 10. Where and in what sense are missions "experiencing the penalty of success"? 11. Which of the Balkan nations is most friendly to missions? 12. Why did revivals in Fidelia Fisk's school in Persia occur so often in January? 13. Where was a sheep house fitted up as a mission chapel at the cost of $4.36? 14. Vhy were Moslem boys warned by their parents not to touch the Bibles in the mission schools? 15. In what language does the same syllable mean horse, help, mad dog and coming? I6. vVhat church gives twice as much for missions as for current expenses? 17. Vhat is a "pig collection" and where is it taken up? 18. Vhere are idol-makers appealing for government support? 19. vVho wore to church three suits, one on top of the other? 20. Vhat book was the educated Japanese reading on the railway train?

WIllIAM BUTLER-MOTHER OF TWO

o Mother, on thy mighty prayers Whole nations were upborne to God each day. VVho now of thy survivo rs dares To step beneath that load immense, and stay Its fall to death, In lack of intercessory faith? VVe mn st not fail, VVe must prevail; In heaven's own day Cease not to pray!

Till cease the prayers of our High Priest, Say not, thy prayers for tiS have ceased.

VILLI AM F. VVARREN, President of Boston Universi ty.

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, Ko. 1 JANUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. Old Serres New Series Signs of the Times "TSIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1913 Important Worlc:l Conferences HE Kingdom of God cometh not The Continuation Committee Conferences with observation" is. without in Asia. doubt true to-day in the deepest spiri- World Student Christian Federatioll COll- tual sense, even as it was true in the ference at Lake Mohonk. days of Christ on earth. The deepest World's Sunday-school Association Con- 'and most lasting movements are those vention, Zurich. that are under the surface and whose Pan-Presbyterian Union, Aberdeen, Scot- effects are not clearly evident until land. long after they have originated. The .planting of a seed, or the laying of North America a submerged foundation-stone,may at- United Home and Foreign Missionary tract no attention, but if the life be in Campaign. the seed, or if the workmen continue Comity Plans Inaugurated for Home to build, the results will sometime be Missions. manifest above the surface. In the Denominational Laymen's Missionary missionary work of the Church, the Conferences. scattering of the seed by printed and Latin America Missionary Conference. by spoken word and by Christ-like VVorld Christian Citizenship Congress, deeds, the education of children and Portland. the quiet influence of medical mission- Four Million Fund raised for New York aries is gradually undermining prej u- Christian Associations. dice, trans forming ideals and build- Cooperative work planned for Orientals. ing up faith in God and Christ-like Volunteer Movement for Home Missions character. Organized.

The greatest results of the work of Latin America God in missions at home and abroad The Revolutions in Mexico. are not published by the press, but it Religious Liberty law passed for Peru. is encouraging to note a few of the Student Christian Conferences in Argensigns of awakened interest, of Christ- tina and Brazil. ward movements and of general missionary progress reported during the Europe past year. First Laymen's Missionary Conference in England. Increase of Religious Toleration in Spain. Abolition of Slavery in Russian Empire. Acquital of Beilis, the Jew, in Kiev. Modernist Movement in Italy.

Moslem Lanc:ls The Conclusion of Peace in the Balkan States. Independence won for Albania. Christward movement among Pomaks of Bulgaria. Dr. Zwemer's work for Moslems 111 Egypt. Anti-Moslem movements in North Af- rica. Bible shop opened at Jiddah, Arabia.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages &£ this.

REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

India and Burma ~chool party to discuss sueh subjects United Missionary Cuuferences and 1'ru- as "The Necessity, Methods and Re- gram adopted. sults of Religious Education." Christward Caste-movements in Gujerat, etc. One result of this visit was the First National Student Christian Confer- hearty invitation to the World's Sun- ence. day-school Association to meet for their next convention in Tokyo, in China and Tibet I916. The invitation was backed by Day of Prayer for China set by Chinese a cable despatch to Zurich, signed by Government. Count Okuma, former Premier, First Congress and the First President, Baron Shibusawa, chairman. of the Yuan Shih-Kai. Japanese Commercial Commission to Attempts to make Confucianism the State America, and by Baron Sakatani, Religion. Mayor of Tokyo. Upon the return Mott and Eddy meetings for students. of Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ibuka, from A Union Church formed in Peking. Zurich, a notable reception was held Advance of the Y.M.CA. in China. at the home of Count Okuma, in Revivals in Kansu Province and else- Tokyo, and plans were laid to pro- where. mote the convention by the raising of an adequate fund. At 'this reception Japan and Korea Japanese pastors were urged t~ build Federated Missions Conference. up Christianity in Japan, and espe- Continuation Conferences and Program. cially to promote the growth of Sun- Acquital of 99 Christian Koreans accused day-schools. Senator Ebara of the of conspiracy. House of Peers deplored the fact that First Korean Christian missionary to in many places public school t~achers China. and Buddhist priests openly opposed Official invitation to the World's Sunday- and sought to break up the Sunday- school Convention. schools. Immediately some of the eminent men present promised that The Island World and Arctic Land. this matter would be taken up with Discovery of the Blond Eskimos reported the Cabinet ana that these restrictions by Stefansson. would be removed so that the Sun- Union Church Movement Conference in day-school might be given a fair the Philippines. chance in Japan.

Africa and Madagascar Another interesting result of the Completion of Kongo Reform Move- Sunday-school tour in Japan is the ment. increased interest in Bible study. At Prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Kon- Imabara, in the Island of Shikoku, go natives. the Mayor was so profoundly moved New Clerical Law in Madagascar. that he himself bought Bibles, and with the 19 officials of the city, AN AWAKENING IN JAPAN formed a class for Bible study. In the conservative city of Kagoshima, T HE visit to the Far East last year in the Island of Kyushu, a city from of Mr. H. J. Heinz and the party which Admiral Togo and other J ap- of Sunday-school business men en route to the World's Sunday-school Convention at Zurich, revealed to Japan the deep interest of American business and professional leaders in religious education. In the series of meetings at over thirty strategic cen- ters, Japanese officials and educators were stirred to inquire into the Sun- day-school as a solvent for problems touching the moral foundation of youth. Non-Christian education in Japan has failed to produce the high- est elements of character, so that Jap- anese educators asked the Sunday-

OF THE TIMES

anese leaders have come, a Bible ioealism left. This extraordinary class was formed for clerks. They achievement took place in New York were so appreciative of the benefits City early in November. The Y. W. received that they a'sked for a simi- C. A. is organized in one metropolilar class for their wives. A Chris- tan organization, with ten branches, tian Japanese physician is teaching a vhich meet the needs of the students class of nurses and in one of the in Barnard and Teachers' Colleges; public schools the principal has ar- of art and music students in the soranged with the missionary so that called Studio Club; of trained nurses; 30 selected students have been formed of immigrant girls in the Internainto a class to study the Life of tional Institute; of colored and French Christ after school hours. The Gov- young women, as well as of those ernor of that Ken was so deeply in- groups which form the membership terested in the message of the Sun- of the usual city association. To proday-school party that he asked that vide for this growing work, at least Sunday-schools be developed more five large new buildings are needed adequately in the city. Since then the without delay, and three of the four Governor's wife and son have made million dollars are to be used by the confession of their faith in Christ. women. The Y. M. C. A., already better equipped in the city, contents In the city of Saga some 2,000 itself with $r ,000,000 fol' five students in the higher schools came branches. together and as a result of the message of Miss Kinnear, a college girl The campaign was a magnificent of Pittsburgh, to the girls in the piece of organization in ten groups of Government Normal School, 30 of 100 workers each. Considerable space the girls came to the church on the was given to it by the newspapers, ilfollowing Sunday. luminated clocks in various parts of the city recorded the progress made; Christianity in Japan is being tested 400 met for luncheon every day at and weighed and watched by a large noon to hear reports, and in many number who are dissatisfied with the other ways the attention of New old religions and are feeling the need Yorkers was challenged. Some very for a spiritual tonic to the nation. If large gifts were reported, Mr. Cleve- Christianity can "deliver the goods," land Dodge and Miss Grace Dodge build character, promote loyalty, in- together giving $625,000, but the terest itself in social service, and number of small contributors evi- "atisfy spiritual longings, it will be denced the interest of N ew York in sure to grow to a foremost place in the welfare of· its young men and Japan.-FRANK L. BROWN. women. The campaign appropriately came to an end on Thanksgiving ~ve. INEW YORK'S GREAT ACHIEVEMENT T is the fashion to decry the ma- SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENTS terialism of present-day American STRIKE FOR LIBERTY life, but a city which in three weeks will give over $4,000,000 for such LAST June the students in Santiwork as that carried on by the Young ago and Valparaiso, Chile's fore- Men's and Young Women's Chris- most cities, went on strike as a protian Associations has a good deal of test against the Papal Nuncio. For

a large part of a week they refused do an effective work among the to attend classes or university lec- young men of the Latin-American hues, in the hope that their action nations is 'the YDung Men's Chris- would induce the government to send tian Association."

the Pope's representative out of the A missionary from Chile also country. writes: A vast crowd of citizens, estimated "The students are in revolt again at 50,000, met in the capital and peti- and they are having nightly celebra- tioned the President of Chile for the tions and meetings of protest against nuncio's expulsion. Parades of pro- the government, which has bowed test were seen in the principal streets submissively to Rome and exculpated nearly every afternoon or evening. the inter-nuncio.

This is typical of the situation which "This time their slogan is 'La se- exists to-day in all South America. paracion de la iglesia del estado,' a .The educated classes, as a rule, are long step taken forward in that direc- indifferent to religion, and a con- tion as a result of their agitation and siderable proportion of them are even canvassing of public men.

ready to make a vigorous assault "The young men and young women upon the Church whenever, as an of to-morrow have begun a crusade in organization, it seems to interfere favor of liberty."

with the affairs of the State. REUGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PERU. A real religious refo~m is greatly AT last the Peru Congress has, by needed, and one source from which the needed inspiration will come may the overwhelming majority of 66 prove to be the influence of vital votes to four, voted in favor of an Christianity upon the i,5°O or more amendment of Article IV of the South American students now in the Constitution, which has so long colleges and professional schools of barred the door against the Gospel, the United States. The majority of and which reads: these students are nominal Catholics. "The nation professes the Apostolic Some are openly hostile or anti- Roman Catholic Religion; the State religious, but those who call them- protects it and does not permit the selves so are rather anti-Catholic or public exercise of any other."

anti-clerical, and consequently mani- This last clause has often been used fest little interest in religious ques- by the enemies of the Gospel as a tions or sympathy for the religious weapon against those who have life. Indifference or religious apathy sought to preach Christ in Peru. The is a phenomenon common to all Latin best of the Peruvian nation has felt youth. this to be a disgrace to their standing Professor Jose M. Rua, of the as a civilized people, and at last, National University of Buenos Aires, under the government of President who made an extensive tour among Billinghurst, it has been erased from the North American institutions the Statute Book.

where these men are studying, says: It is true that this amendment must "I do not hesitate to affirm that the receive the approbation of two suc- one Christian organization that can cessive Congresses ere it becomes a

fully established law. But it would demands of the situation, stand by at have to be a very drastic reaction the birth of a nation worthy of a indeed that would reverse such an permanent place in the family of expression of the will of the nation Christian nations."

as that to which they have given ut- terance. We have no reason to be- EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN lieve that there will be any such re- FRANCE action. AN evangelistic conference recent- PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES ly held in Paris reminds those who are especially interested in evan- A NON – SECTARIAN organiza- gelistic work in France of a similar tion, which bears the somewhat conference held under the auspices of formidable name of the National the MeAI1 Mission twenty-six years Committee for Upbuilding the Wards ago, and emphasizes the advance that of the Nation, has been formed, has been made since that time. Then under the auspices of the Harmony preaching was unlawful in any other Club of America, to assist Bishop place than one of the established Brent in his work in the Philippines. churches; now state interference has The Bishop's plans take in the so- come to 'an end. I t has been possi- cial, industrial, educational and evan- ble to introduce more modern meth- gelical work among the million or ods of evangelistic work, such as the more pagan and Mora inhabitants. use of tents, chapel boats, etc. On He hopes to cure them of their the other hand, it is certain that dur- chronic ills, such as malaria, hook- ing these twenty-five years there has worm, black fever, and the like, and been a marked increase of infidelity teach them how to live so as to avoid among the people, the principal rea- the tropical diseases-most of which son being that the new generation are due not to climate but to unhy- has received secular education but gienic habits. has had very little moral training.

He plans to help them to found 01arles Grauss, the general secre- real homes and maintain civilized tary of the French Student Chris- communities until their savagery is tian Movement, exprest the opin- fully outgrown. ion at the Lake Mohonk conference The industrial work planned by that the rational evangelization of Bishop Brent is one of the chief fea- France can only he accomplished tures. He will work to the end of through the universities. He went making the Moros self-supporting and on to say, "It is now possible to masters of several trades and occu- make our ideal'S known to the French pations. students of our twenty university – What the Bishop's ideals are for centers; and thereby, little by little, the race may be gathered from his ad- we may win the popular crowds dress at the Lake Mohonk Indian which always follow the movement Conference: of the elite. Thus we may sow at "America has a great opportunity the heart of French influence a germ in the Philippines. She can, if she of Otristianity which will spread far pursues a course consonant with the into the world." .

NEW INTEREST IN PORTUGAL are being read by seekers who no longer fear the priest in their hearts. MISSIONARIES report that there is now manifest an unusual wil- VICTORY IN A MOSLEM TRIAL lingne'ss to hear the Gospel on the part THE progress of civilization is of the people in Portugal. In many sure to break down Moslem towns of the provinces of Minho, Trasos-Montes, and Beira Alta, evan- superstition and prejudice even if it gelistic meetings have been recently does not insure acceptance of Christ. held in local theaters. The audien~es were large and attentive. Remuner- Friends of missions to Moslems ation for the use of the theaters was will be interested in the result of the refused by several managers. At the trial of Sheikh Abdullah Abd al dose of the meetings Bibles and New Faadi for alleged defamation of Mo- Testaments were eagerly bought and hammed and his book. This recent religious tracts w.ere gratefully re- convert from Islam to Christianity ceived. was charged with using the ob- jectionable language one night last BIBLES BURNED IN SYRIA August, when some discussion arose between him and a crowd that had WHEREVER the Gospel of Christ gathered about him while he was is winning converts, there we sitting in a cafe in Cairo. Much bitterness was manifested by Mosmay expect opposition. When this lems in this trial but he escaped with is opposition to the Word of God, only a nominal sentence. The judge the evidence is clear that it comes imposed the payment of a fine of from the devil. A missionary in two pounds, altho it was in his power Beirut writes that in a nearby village to impose a fine of fifty pounds a Maronite priest recently made a ($25°.00) and imprisonment for one search for Bibles printed in the Bei- year. The testimony of the witnesses, rut Press, and threatened the peo- of whom there were seven or eight, ple with excommunication if they was that the man had declared that did not give up their books and Bi- the Koran was only a human compobles. After he had obtained all pos- sition, mostly of unknown authorsible he proceeded to burn the Bi- ship, that the prophet was a liar, a bles-an act which cast a sad light loyer of women, and that his religion on his own ignorant and blinded heart was false. The decision of the Mosand on the spiritual condition of the lem judge may be taken to mean poor people who follow such a blind either that he believed the Moslem leader of the blind. In another vil- witness to be testifying falsely and lage not an hour away a priest of did not fear to disregard their testithe same church recently had another mony, or that he did not consider the such burning of Bibles. Unfortu- language used to be really defamanately for them both, their own false tion. On whatever basis the decision teachings of the ethical variations of was made, the missionaries regard it truth encouraged many of their flock as a victory, and say that a few to conceal the truth and also the Bibles so that not a few remain and years ago it would hardly have been possible.

of a Tour of Asia*

REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.

HE Farther East has very great extent meeting there. A maelstrom is to be expected. I lTI become the Near East. To-day the Far East Eye Openers in Japan is one of the world's How little we understand Japan and the Japanese! How little we zones of greatest ac- understand their history and their . tivity, and it is rapidly modes of thought! Count Okuma, easily the leading publicist in Japan, becoming one of the largest centers made a very strong reply to my in- quiry. of influence. Of course, Americans "vViII you please tell me," I said, are sure that America is the center "how we can make a better contribu- tion to the religious development of of things; but that is because we live the Japanese?"

in America. I found a poor, igno- What do you suppose he said? Send over more missionaries? Build rant black boy in Africa, who could more 'Schools? Do more social work? No. He said: speak a little English, who was sure "Mr. Franklin, if you wish to do Africa was better than any part of more to help the Japanese, please send more missionaries who know America possibly could be. The something of the history of Japan, who know something of the religion Chinese and the Japanese do not for of Japan, who know something of the modes of thought of the Japanese." one moment consider America su- That led me to a claser study of perior to their own lands and they the Japanese, and my knowledge of their history, together with my obdo not for one moment envy us our serv~tions of their life, caused me to leave their shores with great adpale, faded-out skins. miration for them.

There is a great deal of provincial- Crossing the Pacific Ocean a very superficial woman said, "In America ism in all parts of the world. But it we do not like the Japanese because they do not make as good servants is fortunate that people in all parts as some other people." Now how would you like to have the Amerof the world can be grateful to God that they live in the best of all lands.

In China, they are sure they live in the Middle Kingdom and. the mis- sionary who goes to China to-day is sure he is in the center of things.

The late Dr. Greene, of Japan, said to me a few weeks ago, "I wish you would try to make the people in America understand that we are not on the outskirts, but right in the midst of the world's currents." It is true. We need not be disturbed be- cause there is disturbance in the Far East. The world's tides are to a 'Portions of an address delivered at No:rthfield, ~ass" in July, 1913, stenographically reporte,d,

icans judged by that same criterion? the Japanese had not shut out the The Japanese have those character- foreigner. At one time as many a'S istics of which we ourselves are I,ooo,OOO people in the Sunri~e Kingproud, tho we blame them for those dom called themselves Christians, and traits on which we pride ourselves. if there had been a program of disiVe say the Japanese are "cockey," interested service, if there had been since they defeated the Chinese and a non-partizan spirit, if missions and the Russians; we Americans call politics had been kept separate, Japan ourselves patriotic when we celebrate might to-day have been a Christian our victories. We say they are nation. "tricky" in business; we also say, "The Yankee is as shrewd as anyone What has happened in Japan within when it comes to commerce." The the last 60 years? Her civilization Japanese are called the Yankees of had been reta'rded for three centuries, the East. We say that they have a but no sooner were her doors opened feeling of self-sufficiency. So have than she sent her ~ons to the far the Americans. The truth is, we are corners of the earth to sit at the blaming the Japanese for possessing feet of other nations. The result the very characteristics on which we was that there is hardly any feature pride ourselves. of Western civilization which has not been copied, or improved upon, in The American tourist who thinks Japan. In the ordinary city or large at all of missions asks: "How many town they have ten free deliveries of stations have you?" "How many mail a day until ten o'clock at night. converts have you?" "What have There is free delivery to every farthe converts cost per capita?" No mer's hut and to every fisherman's one can study the religious situation cottage, in every corner of the Emin the Far East to-day who is meas- pire. The parcels post had become uring the success of Christianity old with them before we ever began merely by the number of people who it. As to raihyays, a notable differhave been brought into the churches. ence between the American and the The quiet leavening influence of Japanese systems is that the latter Christianity is the greatest result of almost never have collisions. Over missionary effort. This leavening in- there the killing of a passenger is an fluence is felt in many directions. exceedingly rare occurrence. In the matter of newspapers, in every .large We must understand something of city I was told that practically every that wonderful country, Japan, and family takes at least one daily paper, its history. Japan opened her gates and perhaps two, and if some Soloto the other nations of the world only mon says a foolish thing in America 60 years ago, after they had been about the Japanese, they read it toshut against the rest of the world morrow morning before breakfast; for 300 years.. Why? Because cer- but if something kind is said in tain so-called Christian nations of the America about the Japanese, the re- West were ambitious for territory in porters do not cable it. If Dr. Hamthe Far East. So far as history can ilton Wright Mabie makes a speech show, Japan might have been a col- in Tokyo on "World Peace" it is ony of a European nation· to-day if

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

in the Japanese papers the next day. train far north in the Hokkaido we But the most wonderful thing in had for a traveling companion a Japanese of ordinary appearance who Japan is the remarkable system of had eaten his rice with chop sticks education. In spite of the short pe- riod in which they have been at work and for hours had sat on his feet in on a modern system of schools, 95 per cent. of the children of school Japaonese fashion. He appeared to age are now enrol1ed. These are be only an ordinary man of the more ',he so-called "heathen" Japanese prosperous class, but there ,were some that we have been talking about. interesting books by his side. One They are 110t satisfied to teach only was in English, which he could read reading, writing and arithmetic in perfectly, tho he could not contheir schools. They are developing verse with IlS. The title of the Enhigh schools, colleges, and t1l1iversi- glish book was "The Study of Orities-and the universities of Japan gins," a work which deals with the are universities. I visited one with proLlem of knowledge, the problem 5,000 students. In the same city I of being, the problem of duty, the found another with 8,000, and still problem of religion, the problem of another with 9,000 students. The morality. He had studied Buddhism various departments of these univer- and philosophy,' but he had not yet sities compare favorably with simi- studied Christianity sufficiently to exlar departments in Europe and Amer- press an op1l1!On. A magazine by ica. There are chairs of compara- the side of the English book was the tive religions, and the professors are [<'rench "Revue Philosophique." A studying in a cold-blooded, scientific third volume was in Japanese, which spmt. They are comparing the vari- contained pictures of such men as Dr. ous systems of religious thought, G. Stanley Hall and Professor Ladd. ° hoping to select from each system When the French magazine was inthe best for the use of the J apancse spected his prompt query was, "Parpeople. lez vous Fran<.;ais?" Psychology and /,ragrnatism were familiar words Japanese Studying Religion with him and when he learned that the strangers were from America his Another thing worthy of note: You first query was: "Do you know Prowill find in the libraries of these fessor Villiam James, who wrote the universities not only Japanese books, "Varieties of Religious Experience?" but many of the world's best books vVhen a visitor has encountered a in other languages. On the shelves few characters of this type, he beof libraries of colleges and univer- gins to wonder if any nation ever sities are many high grade· books furnished a parallel to the situation that are not found in some of our in Japan, where many educated lead- Christian' schools in America. Pro- ers are seeing the need of better refessor William James's "Varieties of ligious thought and are quietly read- Religious Experience" is very popu- ing the world's religious books for lar. themselves.

But it would be a mistake to as- On one occasion, on a train in sume that only the educated leaders Japan, an educated young man 111 are studying religion. On a railway

foreign dre<:s, noting my inability to was not comparable with that of the speak the Japanese tongue, offered Nazarene, for Jesus was what you his services. When he discovered people call God Incarnate." that I was from Boston, he at once told me that he had received his It had become proper for me to scientific education in the University ask him what was his own religious of Boston. He asked if I had known attitude. He replied at once, "1 ac- cept Christianity. I am not a mem- Dr. A. J. Gordon, and if I had ever ber of any church, but I take Chris- tianity as the compass of my life." visited Northfield. He had been much When he was asked, if Japan would interested in Northfield, he declared, ultimately accept the principles of where he had heard D. L. Moody, Christianity, he replied, with Ameri- A. J. GordQn, Henry Drummond and can emphasis, "Sure," and added, others. He wished to know who had "Japan may not accept Western ectaken Mr. Moody's place. clesiastical forms; we may not ac- cept the theological systems of the In the course of our conver.sation West; but the principles of Chrishe gave me a most remarkable and tianity are sure to triumph, they are interes.ting interpretation of the death sure of ultimate acceptance in Jaof General Nogi, whom he pictured pan." He continued: "You used a as the most righteous man in Japan good illustration a moment ago. You at the time of his death. "Nogi," said said it is not your chief concern to he, "was at heart a Christian. Bud- fix the theological thought of the dhism could not have produced such a Japanese, but that your chief conman. There was no nobler man in cern is to point the people of the Far all our land than Nogi, caring for East to the Rock, Christ Jesus, the poor and distrest wherever it whence the gold of all the world's rewas possible, and leaving not a yen ligious thought may be mined; that to his own credit in the bank at the it is our privilege to take this gold time of his death, having used even into the mints of our own minds and his army pension for the relief of hearts and consciences, under the suffering." General Nogi's suicide, guidance of God's Holy Spirit, and he declared, was the use of an old coin it with such image and super- Japanese method of protest against scription as will best express the existing conditions. "I think Nogi Japanese adoration and devotion. I felt," said he, "that if he lived 20 think that is what will be done." years longer he could do nothing to stem the tide of immorality that was Count Okuma said to me at the setting in. .He saw that immorality close of a long interview, tho he was affecting both the s.tudent classes himself is not an avowed Christian: and the army forces. If he should "The leading educated men of Japan give his life, his death would be in- are thirsty for new religion. They terpreted as a protest against con- see clearly that the old religious sysditions which he had attempted to tems are not sufficient-a more conchange." With tremendous eloquence crete faith is necessary to moral dehe exclaimed, "I tell you, Nogi died velopment." At a reception given in for Japan as truly as Jesus of Naza- my honor, there were a number of reth died for all mankind. His death

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

J a pan e s e university professors, adopted, but I be1ievewith all my soul in the ultimate triumph of Chris- Ph.Dd.'s from Harvard, Yale, and tianity in the Far East. Cambridge. The substance of their remarks was this: The Eastern Reli,iona "The Western forms wiII not tri- I have returned with increased reumph here, but the leaven of Chris- spect for the peoples of the Far East tianity has already accomplished and with increased unwillingness to much in the Empire. As an illustr2.- speak slightingly of the religion of tion, it has given a new content to any people who are trying to find many words in 011r vocabulary. The God. Their religious thought does word love was carnal in its meaning not necessarily represent enmity toin the days of our boyhood; now it ward God, but rather their attempt has come to have a new meaning. to reach out, if haply they may find It now has the Christian content." Him. Dr. Timothy Richard, that great missionary in China, said in one vVe must send our best men and of Dr. Mott's conferences, "God hath our best women to this Empire, to not left Himself without witness in the Japanese, who by reason of their any nation." If you do not believe own achievement are entitled to the that, your quarrel is not with Dr. respect and the confidence of the Richard. It is with the New Testaworld. We must think of them as ment. Put two verses togeth~r and our brothe'rs. you will find that God hath not left Himself without witness among any I have returned from Asia with people. Moreover, He is the Light some decidedly pleasing impressions. which lighteth every man that cometh Christianity has been planted in the into the world. Surely, there is some Far East. Every missionary might light in Confucianism. Whence came be recalled from Japan, and leading this light? Christ is not a rival of men amI numerous students would go Confucius. "I have come not to deon studying Christianity. There is stroy, but, to fulfil," said Jesus. It a great need for more missionaries is the mission of those who sit 111 of the right type; but as surely as the sunlight of the love of God as we are here, Christianity has been manifested through Jesus Christ, to planted there. They have seen His give to those who sit in the starlight star in the East, and while it is true or the moonlight that better light that many are encamped on the plains which has come to us from the Sun of darkness, it is also true that some of Righteousness. have journeyed to Bethlehem, while still others are saying, "Let us go I have returned almost staggered and see for ourselves." I have re- at the difficulties of our task, and turned with great confidence in the sobered by its magnitude. I have ultimate triumph of Christianity.. In wandered among pagodas and temspite of our mistakes, God has used ples a thousand, thirteen hundred our efforts. It may be necessary for years old, and have been over- God to use other efforts than those whelmed as I thought of the generawhich we are putting forth. It may tions whose feet had worn smooth be necessary for Him to use other plans than those which we have

the paths of stone. I shall never for- the idea prevails in Western lands get standing by the side of a grave that China's movements are so gen- 4,000 years old, said to be the eral and so progressive' that it is im- burial place of the first emperor of possible to exaggerate. It is impos- China. "There," thought I, "those sible to exaggerate concerning the ashes have been resting ever since" meaning of the political revolution or according to the old chronology, the missionary evolution in China. Abraham heard the cry, 'Up, and get But do not be misled into believing thee out of thine own country into that an empire of four thousand the land that I shall show thee.'" years has in a day become a stable While those ashes have been resting republic, and has discarded on every there, most of what we call the story hand the superstition of four milof the world has been written. Al- lenniums. China has a long, hard most everything that we know of road ahead. Her leaders are awake. Jewish history has transpired within The new order is much in evidence that time. This grave has been there in such centers as Canton, Shang!ni, twice as long as historic Christianity Hankow and Peking. But there are has existed. Multitudes and multi- vast regions in the interior where the tudes have been bowing' before this republic is hardly more than a name, grave for forty centuries. Yet many and the people in general are densely appear to believe that the aged ignorant of the real meaning of deshrines will totter at the blast of a mocracy. There are regions where Gospel trumpet from beyond the superstition is as strong as before. seas; that systems of ,eligion will be Dut unquestionably the attitude of the surrendered at the first oral procla- masses is changing, China can never mation of a strange message, and that get back to the old ways. The birth nations will immediately break their of the republic has been attended by idols and form Christian churches convulsions more horrible than we after '1estern models. could possibly realize. The days of fire and blood may not yet be ended. China, Old and New It is certain, however, that a new China has been born whose ambition China! China! China! Who is pre- it is to be a nation like those of the pared to speak of the China of to- West. Do not be disturbed i,f a day? Read a book, and' one must cable tells us to-morrow that revoluspeak; spend a few months there, and tion has occurred in this or that one hardly dares to speak lest what province. Revolutions in China may he says to-day appear altogether fool- be but incidents in her evolution. ish to-morrow. Moreover, he learns that what is true of one section may How came this new republic? At not be true of another. It is not Hanyang I climbed to the top of the safe to say that a well-developed ridge from which the fires of revomovement in one province has even lution first blazed forth. Just in made a beginning in another. front of a Christian hospital are two immense cement tombs where one or Much that is being written about two thousand revolutionary soldiers the new republic to-day is amusing were hurriedly buried. On the two when it is read in China. Somehow

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imlllense graves arc these words: might still do a great deal to re- "Spirits of Fire and Blood." Their establish her moral position.

names are not known. "Spirits of Inquirers in China Fire and Blood." In Canton, called by some the Back of this sacrifice was leader- greatest city of Asia, I attended one of the theater meetings 'conducted ship. Back of the leadership was in- for students by Dr. John R. Mott. spiration. Vhence came this new For several nights in succession, as impulse? Passing through Europe a many as twenty-five hundred students few days ago I chanced to pick up a gathered in a theater. It was notable copy. of the London Daily Mail of that there was not a queue in evi- May 5, containing an article by Lord dence. The student classes of China William Gascoyne-Cecil on "The Op- have broken with the past. One misportunity in China," from which I sionary who attended the meeting clipt these words: Now they are breaking up the idol said that ten years ago he would not temples, the old heathen festivals of have believed such a thing possible the seasons are dying quickly, and in so short a time. At the concluwill be as dead as our Mayday, and sion of the series of meetings, 800 China will soon be without a religion students of the Canton schools beunless she becomes Christian. She is becoming Christian, but she still came inquirers, and signed cards on needs our help. In this matter I have which they promised to read the New a little quarrel with my countrymen. Testament and to pray every day, and You may notice that nine-tenths of to follow the teachings of Christ as the men who are leading this revolu- far as reason and conscience comtion have had their inspiration from American mission schools, with the mended His teachings as true. The result that America has a great moral mission school occupies a large place position in China. Now the English in the present day in China. Every have always had bigger interests in China, and their missionaries were mission academy or college that I there long before the Americans, visited is turning away students. One their flag is much better known, but academy with splendid building, they did not believe in educating the which last year enrolled only IS, had young Chinaman, with the result that 60 applications this year-their full all the leading young men went to the American missions and not to capacity. A single college turned the English. Now we are doing a little, but still we are far behind away 50 students because there was no room to accommodate them. If America, and the real future of Cb.ina I were going to China to-day as a depends on the American-trained teacher in a mission school, I am not Chinese. It was a great mistake that a con- sure but that I would be as willing to teach science as theology. In the stitutional monarchy did not take the theological school of one of the m03t place of the despotic Emperor; the young Chinese quite wrongly deter- successful missions, we found that mined to create a new China after students for the ministry were taught the model of the United States; it astronomy, that they might learn that would have been far better if more marty of the phenomena of nature of the reformers had been trained are due, not to evil spirits, but to under English influences. But it is "never too late to mend"; England natural causes. Physics and chemis-

try are helping to eradicate belief in to reproduce Western denominationspirits and dragons, and these studies, alism, but to plant Christianity. For in removing old superstitions which days these men and women conferred have been wrecking China, are pre- on questions of vital importance, and paring their minds for the reception the results of these meetings will be of spiritual truth. Many have be- felt for many decades. lieved that we are under no obligation to educate-that we. must preach These conferences confirmed what the Gospel quickly to every creature; I felt before-that the day is at hand but I say without reservation that when sectarianism is bound to fail in so far as I could judge, the denom- the Far East, and I have returned inations which are now in position to from my tour prepared to say that do most for the regeneration of China sectarianism ought to fail in the Far are the denominations that have done East. Who am I, that I should acmost, not merely in training assistants cept responsibility for fixing the for their missionaries, but who have theological thought for the Chinese also done much in general education and the Japanese? He who is winand have placed responsibility upon ing to do so assumes much respon- Chinese who are to-day able to lead sibility. It is enough to give them the people. Christ, and let them interpret Him for themselves. Tho am I, that 1 You have heard of the conferences should consider my view the last held around the world. I attended word in the interpretation of Christ? several of the conferences held in With all my soul, I believe that the China by Dr. John R. Mott, as sec- Chinese and Japanese, by their conretary of the Continuation Commit- tributions, will make the crown of tee of the Ed,inburgh Missiorary Con- Christ more resplendent, and with all ference. The national gathE'ring was my heart I believe that it is their privilege to interpret Him for themattended by I 15 rnen and women selves. They will take this privilege, (foreign mis~ionaries and Chinese whether you and I grant it or 11ot, leaders), who represented perhaps as many as 30 different denominations, and personally I am grateful for that and fully as many d'ifferent mission- independence of spirit which is beary organizations. They were picked coming more and more manifest. men and women from every great section of the new republic, who had In the conferences, there was no come together in a spirit of unity, to demand whatever that we sink our hail the Name that is above every distinctive convictions-no demand, name. These men and women had as some one says, that we reduce come together first of all because of our theology to the lowest common the spirit of unity in their hearts. denominator. On the other hand, They had also corne together with there is insistence that everyone a consciousness that the task is too shall be loyal to his own interpretagreat for anyone branch of the tion of Christ, and that each de- Christian Church. Moreover, many nomination shall contribute loyally had come with the conviction that and frankly that interpretation with their chief business in China was not which it has been able to bless the world. At the same time there is

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

an insistent demand on the part of ing that the churches of the city the Chinese and on the part of many meet and pray for the republic." Was missionaries, that no denominational it possible? Thirteen years ago these name shall be placed ahead of the very streets were running with the Name of Jesus Christ. Speaking blood of Christians. Thirteen years figuratively, there is a wide-spread ago, in the terrible Boxer uprising, tendency to write the Name of Christ which was primarily anti-foreign and in large capitals over the name of only secondarily anti-Christian, these every Christian church in China, and very walls were mounted with cannon the denominational name in small let- turned upon the legation quarters in ters below. The National Conference, which the foreign missionaries and which represented so many denomina- many Christians found refuge while tions, unanimously recommended that waiting for two months the arrival of the congregations in China should the foreign soldiers. All day the 'take as a common name, "The Church words kept coming-Hanly 13 years of Christ in China," the denomina- ago." tional designation being secondary. Cooperation is the need of the hour At the morning hour I worshiped in China. There is no wide-spread with a Chinese congregation. Only demand for a union which means the 13 years ago 200 members of this surrender of conviction. It is under- band gave their lives rather than deny stood that each denomination must Christ. The assistant pastor who sound forth what it believes to be its took part in the service that morning God-given message. The oratorio of lost wife and children, father and Redemption will never be sounded mother, brothers and sisters,-just forth merely by everyone giving up 13 years ago. My heart was throbhis convictions. On the other hand, bing as I looked upon him. And we we shall never hear the oratorio at had been calling them rice Christians! its best so long as some insist upon I was asked to go to the Methodist playing their own instruments far off compound and take part in the serin one corner, and others insist upon vice which was to be held at the replaying their instruments elsewhere quest of the Minister of Foreign Afin their little corners. We shall fairs. Singularly enough, the meetcreate a true symphony by sounding ing was held on the Methodist comtrue notes, and by sounding them in pound where the missionaries and love and harmony. Cooperation is Chinese Christians first assembled at the word, and I believe it is born of the outbreak of the persecution that God. cost the lives of 200 foreign mis- sionaries and 30,000 Chinese Chris- A Great Day in Peking tians. We have not even yet begun to realize the sufferings of those days On my last Sunday in China I was -only 13 years flgo. A few' rods greeted by these words : "You are in distant was the British legation where Peking on a great day. The first many missionaries and Chinese Chris- National Assembly has just opened, tians found protection behind the and to-day the Minister of Foreign breastworks during the long siege, Affairs, a Christian man, is request- while a handful of foreign soldiers

on the stone walIs stood between full y understand this,· and hope that Christianity may be promoted, and them and death. A part uf the wall we come with this expression of goodwill to this gathering of Chinese has been left unrepaired, still bear- which has met here for prayer for the nation at this important time of ing the marks of shot and shell, and its reorganization."

overhead these words: "Lest we ,for- A veteran missionary whispered to me: "Thirteen years ago we could get." not have believed this possible." I looked out over the large assembly I expected a meeting of a hundred and in my heart I asked, "Who are they, Lord, and whence came they?" or two hundred Christians in a small Then came the answer: "These are they that came out of the great triburoom on the Methodist compound. lation and they washed their robes But no, the place oi meding is the and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." fine house of worship which seats That meeting was the beginning of fifteen hundred, and the house filled. the wider movement in which the On the platform besides the mis- President of the RepUblic requested all the Christians to pray. I know not sionaries and church pastors were what motive may have prompted gov- ernment officials in their part in the representatives of the Chinese gov- latter movement, but I know that the movement was Christian in its odgin, ernment. A senator, edt1cated in and that whatever the motives may have been, it is a marvel of marvels America by a member of our own that within I3 years the despised Christians have been asked to pray Board of Managers, prays with for the new RepUblic. This one cir- cumstance is sufficient in itself to broken and sobbing voice, mention- call the Christian forces of the world to most heroic endeavor. My brothers ing in his prayer that Washington and sisters, surely the hour has struck: Are we ready for it? and Lincoln both prayed in the times Ve know that in a chemical exof nati':mal distress. A representa- periment there is a time when all tive of President Yuan Shih-Kai depends upon the proper contribution being made at ju~t that moment. If spoke these words: that moment slips by, it can not be recalled. This is the moment in the "I am here representing President Far East when it appears that the Yuan Shih-Kai and Mr. Lu Cheng- proper contribution will produce the hsiang, the Minister of Foreign Af- greatest results ever Seen in mission fairs. Both the President and Mr. endeavor. Lu take interest in this meeting which has been called for special prayers for the nation at this time. The old book says that the root is in the heart and if the heart is right, the man will be right, and so the family and so the whole nation. It is the power of religion that is necessary today. Christianity has come to China for now over one hundred years. It was born in Judea and spread all over the world. Altho under a republic there is equality in religIOn, the President and Mr. Lu realize that Christianity has done very much for China. Christians are not regarded now, as under the Manchu Dynasty, as a special class by themselves, but as citizens of the Republic, and their work has done much to promote morality among the people of this land. The President and Mr. Lu

AN N UAL MEETING OF THE METHODIST MISSION IN INDIA IN

(Mr. and Mrs. Rutler a rc in the center in front .of the Indian who holds the end of the Aag) The Mother of Two Missions A SKETCH OF MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, MISSIONARY TO INDIA AND MEXICO BY LILLY RIDER GRACEY Author of T has been said of the leading churches. A call was there- fore sent out for men to open work l aI ~ Corsican, that the fra- in India. For three years the appeal . grance of the flowers was made and then there was but of his native land so one response and that was by Dr. ~ enters into his nature William Butler. H e accepted the that wherever he goes, perilous, arduous post with heroic this fragrance tells his presence and enthusiasm and his no less heroic his nationality. Whether on two wife shared gladly the hardships and foreign fields, India and Mexico, in responsibilities with him. both of which with her husband she pioneered, or in the homeland, there The journey that such steamers was a fragrance about the personality as the Lusitania and the modern and presence of Mrs. William Butler Mediterranean express service make that showed she belonged. to all na- possible in 21 days, then took five tions of the earth-the title once weary months. On April 9, 1856, bestowed upon her, that of "Empress the Butlers began a nearly halfof India Missions," 'did not encircle year's journey, sailing from Boston. her interests, so world-wide were Small, poorly-equipped steamers, hot they, so human-hearted was she. days crossing the desert to Suez, before the days of any Suez Canal, For some years it was felt by added discomfort instead of pleasures intelligent members of the Methodist to their travels. Their chosen field Episcopal Church, that the long delay was the beautiful Gangetic Valley, toof American Methodists in entering gether with the adjacent hill range the foreign mission field presented a on the east and north-a tract of cause of reproach, when contrasted Jndia nearly as large as England, with the active efforts of the other

and containing more than 18.000,000 days they journeyed on to find refuge of people. Here the city of BareiIIy at Naini Tal, a valley encircling a was selected for the mission station. beautiful lake, picturesque among the Just ten weeks before .the Sepoy Himalaya mountains, with the snowy Rebellion broke out,the young man range of the Himalayas In the distance. WILLIAM BU TLER "Dr. Butler was just the mall and his bride settled down for work needed at that time," said an obin their new home. A valued library server of those epoch-making days. of a thousand volumes was put in "A cautious or a timid man would place, and the missionaries began a have hesitated, and the opportunity study of the people and language. would possibly have been lost to lay Ten weeks later the comfortable the broad foundations that were laid home and its contents were t:onsigned for mission work." A brief time to flames, and the two workers of after the arrival at Naini Tal, Dr. undaunted bravery were homeless, Butler hacla little congregation about hunted for their lives in the adjoin- him, and started a day school for ing mountains. The English army bazaar children, in whom Mrs. Butler commanded them to leave quickly was interested. A sheep house standand unseen as the Rebellion became ing on a hill side, was cleared out, a fact. Hastily they started under whitewashed, fitted up with benches, the cover of the night, moving off and turned into a miniature chapel by the light of a mussalchee's torch. at a cost of $4.36- the first Metho- They traveled in palanquins. Dark- dist Church edifice in India. ness, tigers and elephants were about them as they passed through the III a few months the Rebellion was terai, a belt of deep jungle. During over and Nana Sahib, the Cruel, was the flight they slept at night in tents, with great log fires· kept burning by DR. AN D MRS. B UTLER'S HOME IN EAREILLY" the natives to keep away the wild beasts of the forest. For several himself a fugitive in the wilds of the terai. Dr. and Mrs. Butler were permitted to return to Bareilly, and 'Courtesy of the Missionary Education Movement.

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

a very romance of missions is seen sympathies and energies. During the in the opportunity which came in following five years, with the aid of DelhI for Dr. and Mrs. Butler to sit nearly 20 more missionaries from the on the famous crystal throne in the homeland, the Methodist mission esaudience chamber of the Great Mo- tablished work in almost a dozen guls and watch the trial of the con- cities of Northwest India, erected spirators of the mutiny, and hear the mISSion homes, school buildings, decree of banishment for the Em- chapels, churches, and founded a peror of Delhi, the last of the Mo- publishing house, the property value guls, Mrs. Butler being the only going into thousands of dollars. American woman who had ever seen During these years Mrs. Butler worked the face of the Empress of Delhi. untiringly for the women and girls.

THE BAREItLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY This is located in the city where Methodist work in India began While sitting on that throne Dr. "Our early congregations in India Butler took out paper and pencil and from r8S7 to r86r," wrote Dr. Butwrote the notable appeal called, "The ler, "had in one sense a melancholy Throne of the Great Mogul," in aspect. "Voman was not there. which he pleaded for the support of British arms might abolish thrones, the orphans who would be left as a annihila,te sovereignties, overthrow result of all these months of war- great armies and give peace to a fare. "If you take them, you will bleeding land, but all that done, think of them," he wrote. "If yOlt there remained to be accomplished a pay for them, you will pray for mightier conquest which their swords them." A hearty response was made could not achieve, a victory to be by Methodism to this appeal and won which required a far different a girls' orphanage was founded, to agency for its consummation. That which Mrs. Butler directed her agency was woman. Her gentle hand,

THE :lISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WCmU) I Janua]')'

her Christian teaching must be the vealeCl the agency that He had in powerful nl.inistry to lead her be- reserve to meet the emergency and nfghted sisterhood to become the en- to complete His plan. The Woman's lightened 'Daughters of the Al- Foreign Missionary Societies weI l: mighty.' " organized; when the zenana doors were at last opening, when the gov- Marvelous health Mrs. Butler bad ernment was ready to welcome them during the vicissitudes of climate and gladly, when the appropriate native the coming in contact with contagious agency required had been made diseases, when many times she per- ready to keep them; when the requisonally nursed those with cholera, site funds were available for their and small-pox, but after nine years schools anc! orphanages, anc! when (he two indefatigable workers came the field was all their own and every back to America for rest. Soon after ohstacle had been removed out of they had taken up their residence in the way of their work and useful- Boston, two influential women repre- ness; then they came to render the senting the Congregational Churches service which they alone coulc! accalled to ask their opinion on complish." lVoman's missionary societies. They orgahized a society in 1868, with Vhen the Woman's Society became Mrs. Butler's words and presence to an institution, it gave scope for lIrs. help launch it. Butler's executive ability, organiz- ing power and zeal, and she was in Filled with enthusiasm on that demand in many directions to help occasion, Mrs. Butler attempted to promote the cause. Few women secure similar action among Metho- knew the story of Nations as she dist women the following spring. Co- did. This organization has grown operating with her with equal zeal to marvelous strength, haying in the and purpose was Mrs. Edwin W. past year an income of $9II,337, a Parker of India, who at the time total of more than ~T4,OC>O,000. Durwas in America, and the two enlisted ing the forty-four years of its histhe interest of some women of means tory, these have been contributed and social prominence, the result be- through the society, and it has maining a meeting called for organization tained over 400 women missionaries in Tremont Street Church, Boston, on the foreign field. March 23, 1869. Only eight women were present, but a forcible presen- In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied tation of the purpose resulted in an her husband to Mexico, where she effective organization. again shared with him the task of fOllnding a mission of their Church. Eloquently Dr. Butler wrote of Here she had the nnique experience this action and the opportunity pre- of making a home in part of the hissented in these words: "As 1869 toric building which was once the approached, and the success of the palace of the Emperor Moctezuma, great hopes that had been awakened and was afterward part of the great in the heart of India for the enlight- monastery of· the Franciscans-the enment of one-sixth of all the women missionary monks of the Catholic on earth, as well as for women in Church. Later, after the sequestraall unevangelized climes, God re-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

MRS. BUTLER WITH NATIVE INDIA PREACHERS IN 1906* tion of the monasteries by the Liber- in its various schools in that country. al Government, it has been in turn a After opening that field Dr. and circus 'and theater, and, as the fana- Mrs. Butler retired from strenuous tical press put it "Each time worse." activities. A rare treat was then ar- Then it became a Methodist Mission ranged for them-at no expense to House. Mrs. Butler also rejoiced to them, or their Board, they were persee a band of earnest Christians wor- mitted to revisit India. . What changes shiping in the former Examining had taken place! How they were Chapel of the Inquisition in the City thrilled with the sights of progress of Puebla. Here she received into · development and adoption of western her own home the first orphan girl ideas! On and up through India they to come into the care of the Mis- sped, but the climax of their journeysion, which now has 5,000 <;hildren 'CQurtesy of th~ Missionary Education Movement.

ings was reached in Bareilly, where penetrated the dense jungle through as a feature of the welcome their which they had made their famous train arriving near midnight was escape, and that Methodist missions met by nearly 300 girls from the were extending their ministry over orphanage founded 20 years before, some of the Terai population and and by a company of students from that there was singing of hymns and a flourishing Theological Seminary, holding of services by the humble besides natives without number, dwellers in the Jungle. members of the churches. The year 1906 was Jubilee year of Thrilling is the pell-picture the two Methodist missions in India. A gave of a feature of the return visit large company of Americans atto historic Lucknow. "To us," they tended. Mrs. Butler, tho 86, made wrote, "it was a surprise to see the the trip, and was naturally a central preparations made for open meetings figre in the celebration. At an age under the trees in one of the large when very few women would have centers of the city, municipal authori- gone beyond the shadow of their ties granting the privilege. This in own home she crossed the seas and Lucknow! And these were the people endured the fatigues of nearly five who resisted Havelock, and aimed to days of trying railway travel from destroy everything English and Tuticorin to Bareilly, that she might Christian in 1857! The sons and look upon this scene. Seated on the daughters of the Sepoy race holding ground there gathered before her an meetings in the center of the Sepoy audience of about 3,000 people- Capital 1 This in Lucknow 1 The fact some of the fruits of the prayers and kept constantly recurring to onr toils and tears of the years gone, minds. What would Havelock have while he by whose side she first enthought had this scene been foretold tered this city, was waiting over him! yonder, with the thousands who had already been garnered in. With a "On Sabbath, from seven o'clock clear voice which could be heard in in the morning till half-past ten at every corner of the great tent she night, service after service, at brief declared: intervals, filled up the hours. Never had we seen so many native Chris- "The idols He shall utterly abolish, tians together. The women ,were as and tho the Himalayas be five miles ready as the men. The locality and high and the ocean five miles deep, its antecedents made the scene seem this earth of ours shall yet be as full more wonderful than it could be of the glory of God as the face of elsewhere. At the sacramental ser- the deep is of water." vice there was no caste. The American, the English, the Sikh, the Ro- Heaven seemed very near to all in hilla, the Eurasian, along with the that sublime hour. Fifty years ago varieties of caste from the Brahmin there was no one to welcome the to the pariah, sharing in the ele- first missionary into this city. Now ments. The central figures at one 110t only are 3,000 native Christians table were a Rajah and his wife." on the ground, but' the' municipal au- The visitors saw that Christianity had thorities sent a most remarkable wel-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

come. This shows the wonderful from Burma, the men from the changes that God has wrought. Malay country, the men from the wilderness, the men from the far No building in the city of Bareilly hill country, even from Tibet, the chosen for the Jubilee was large men of the strong Marathi race and enough to contain all that wished the stout-hearted folk of Rajputana to attend; so great tents were joined joined with the men and women of together until a tabernacle was made the Hindu and Mohammedan provlarge enough to shelter 3,000, that inces of Northern India with one came to represent the membership accord in the song- of victory, it was of the Church of I90,000 with a con- like a second Pentecost!" stituency sufficient to bring up the number under the banner planted in One of the Jubilee events was the 1856, to a quarter of a million. laying of the cornerstone of a hospi- BUTLER MEMORIAL BUILDING IN BARODA, INDIA At the opening service of the tal bearing the name of Mrs. Butler, jubilee, when Mrs. Butler' entered, and another was a reception held in the great company sprang to its feet the palace of the Nawab of Rampore by a common impulse, while the who had offered it for that purpose Indian song leader flung his tam- -a significant contrast from the days bourine in the air and burst into of r856! the native Christian hymn, "Jai Prabu Yesu"-"Victory to Jesus." Not only at a Jubilee in the Ori~nt was Mrs. Butler a conspicuous figure, "This is wonderful," whispered but also in the climax meetings of one next to her. "To you it is the notable Jubilee of woman's forwonderful! To me it is a miracle!" eign missionary societies held in exclaimed Mrs. Butler. Speaking of 19IO, in New York City, when from the gathering afterward she said, the platform of the Fifth Avenue "As the men from Bengal, the men Presbyterian Church, her voice rang

out clear and clarion-like as she the heroic for the Christian is to closed a brief address on missionary be found in the foreign missionary work, exclaiming, "It's the grandest service. Will not the Church of to- thing in the world!" day be justified in looking to the The last appeal of Mrs. Butler for young women of rich opportunities India was written in her 93rd year for recruits for the world-wide war- and was made to the heroic spirit of fare? It is not to a sacrifice of death, young American women. She began but to the "living sacrifice" the Mas- with the following words: ter calls in thousands of places of "It was my fortune some time ago need, in the new China, the hoary to hear a student from India. at one India, behind the veiled doors of of our great universities, say that ?Ioslelll homes. "I beseech you, the British, by prohibiting suttee, therefore, present yuur bodies," your had extinguished the heroic spirit ill talents, your culture to this noble India. Suffice it to say that he was work, to be an acceptable sacrifice!

not a Christian. There waS little When I came into this world there sympathy with his views apparently, were few places where a woman and one was tempted to inquire if could work in special organized the heroic in national life depended service for the Church. To-day there on the immolation. of living beings is a place for every talent, every gift, on the funeral pyre, why the exercise for every character, to find its highest of that virtue had been confined riches in the ranks of the army of through the ages to one sex? the living God."

May we not farther presume that Mrs. Dutler's closing years were if such privi:ege had been conferred spent in her home in Newton Center, on the husband as well as on the M:assachusetts, which was the center wife, the spirit of the Hindu people of missionary inspiration to workers would have been strong enough to not only of her own church but of repel the invaders who, from the be- other denominations. Up to within ginning of history, have made the a year she was constant in her at- fair land of Hindustan their spoil? tendance at rileetings, and up to her The change which we see coming last days she used her pen and voice, all over the world in the removal of especialIy in the endeavor to lead age-long restrictions upon woman- others to enlist in missionary service.

hood doubtless ushers in a new era She was greatly gifted in prayer, when she shall have greater privileges and was called upon for such service and, therefore, infinitely greater re- at every missionary meeting she at- sponsibilities. While the home life tended. Any who ever heard her shall always be her deepest concern, thus talk with God, felt indeed that she will not be excused from a wider ,they had been in an "Upper Room."

sympathy which shall take in the Such saints never die, but after their civic needs and the world-wide en- translation live on here below, still terprises. It has been well said that doing over again their work of in- the greatest field for the exercise of spiration and helplessness.

the War In the

BY REV. GEORGE D. HERRICK, D.D. Formerly Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople ~~""'-'-"II?lJJEGINNING ~ith the and the third between Turkey and last ten weeks of 1912 Greece. Turkey is not expelled from there have been a se- Europe after all. She has pushed ries of events in the back her western border sixty· miles Turkish Empire that beyond the line drawn in London. have been unparalleled She once more possesses her ancient capital, Adrianople. in human history. Var, fierce, bloody, pitiless; the four Balkan The most important results that states victorious over their old op- have emerged from the horrible conpressor, the Turk, whom they almost fusion as the black clouds and the drove out of Europe; then "peace"- thunderings roll away are the followwhen lo! the victors began fighting ing: among themselves over the division of the spoils. The ferocity exhibited I. The sacrifice of human life has was more brutal than was exhibited been frightful. Little Montenegro, on either side in the first Balkan with a population of a quarter of ;. war. Even unarmed men, women, million, acknowledges a loss of 10,000 children, by thousands fell victims to men, one in 25 of the entire populathe blood-lust of men gone mad In tion. Reckoning the population of an unchecked riot of wild carnage. our country at 90,000,000, imagine a war lasting a few months, and think The Turks have complained, with what it would mean if 3,600,000 much reason, that the Great Powers young men were to be killed m batof "Christian" Europe make treaties tie! If the loss of men disabled for with the weaker states but to break life be added to those killed, the them the moment their own interests sacrifice of Bulgaria in human life fail to be served by those states, es- falls little short of that of Montepecially when the states in question negro in proportion to the population are Moslem. of the country. The same holds true of Servia. The losses of the Turkish In July the Turks seized the op- army in battle and by disease are portunity to set in motion a large, probably a quarter of a million. newly organized army, and by forced marches crossed the Enos-Media line The number of young men, the and, in defiance of the mandate of flower of their several races, lost to Europe, retook and permanently oc- peaceful industry by these wars, will cupied Kirkkilisse and Adrianople. reach close on a million, a ghastly result, a frightful devastation. Then followed three peace settlements, the first between Rumania, 2. All the states involved in the Bulgaria, Servia and Greece, the sec- war are now on the ragged edge ond between Turkey and Bulgaria, of bankruptcy. It will take many

years, even if the bitter hatreds fos- radical reforms in their gOYernmental tered by the strife are held in leash, administration, in education, and in for those peoples to recover financial- developing the resources of their ly from the effects of the flghting. country. They will urge very co- 3. The actual suffering all throu·gh gently upon the Powers of Europe South-Eastern Europe and Asia consent to two changes which will Minor, as the direct result of the materiaUy increase their revenue, war, is quite beyond the conception of viz., the increase of custom dues from Americans. "There was not a house II . to IS per cent., and the abolition where there was not one dead.·' Yes, of all foreign post offices. The lat- and in many houses, not one but two ter can be done only by the appoint- and three; in one house, seven vacant ment of foreigners as the heads of places are reported. The desolated their post office at Constantinople and homes are filled with mourning. in the seaboard towns.

Gaunt famine follows in the wake of The reform of the judiciary will be war. most difficult and will take most time.

4. The folly of all congratulatior. The point of danger will Le in the over the "Christian" alliance of the unwillingness of the Young Turks to Balkan states has become manifest. accord to their Christian fellow-coun- The ambition of Bulgaria to domi- trymen that degree of leadership nate the Balkan peninsula has been which their intelligence calls for, rudely shattered. and respect for that reasonable 5. Greece has gained more and lost national aspiration which those illus- less than any of the other states in~ trious races, the Armenian and the volved in the struggle. Salonika is Greek, have long and vainly claimed, a very rich city; and even if Greece but which can not longer be stifled.

does not possess all the islands she It is hoped that those at the helm will claim, yet her influence as a sea- will see in time the rocks on which power on the Mediterranean is here- the ship of state is in peril pf being after to be reckoned with in the solu- wrecked.

tion of Mediterranean problems. The recent action of the govern- 6. The year has been a year of ment, conciliatory toward the Arabs, crisis for the Ottoman Empire and action in pleasing contrast to the un- for the various peoples of that land. wise course adopted three years ago The first Balkan war left Turkey de- , in both Arabia and Albania, may be feated, humiliated, despairing. Worse taken as a pledge of an honest pur- than that. The comparatively small pose on the part of those in power number of liberal and enlightened to respect the national desires of the Turks were split into two factions various races that compose the popu- and fell into bitter recriminations lation of the empire.

among each other. Had Russia had What do these great events fore- a free hand, Ottoman dominion would shadow touching the progress of the have ended last summer. Kingdom of God?

The Turks know that their national Greece and Servia have always existence hinges on their speedy suc- been intolerant toward missionary cess in actually accomplishing several work, even educational work in mis-

sionary hands; and in the expulsion Christianity as being near to the of American missionaries from places Christianity which was theirs cen- they once held in Albania they have turies ago. The opportunity and the been acting in character. pi'obably call to American Christians is unique; the institution established by Dr. it is urgent; it is full of promise of House at Salonica will be undis- speedy and large results.

turbed, as it is "agricultural and in- In Turkey itself we face conditions dustrial," but evangelical teaching in affecting missionary work very differ- this institute will have to be conduct- ent but equally beckoning with those ed with great tact. Elsewhere, serious in Albania. In Turkey the plant in limitations may be expected. Bul- American hands is very large, and it . garia has welcomed educational work is Americans who hold the field. The by American missionaries and ha.> missionary and educational force is been qualifiedly friendly toward their large. All strategic centers are oc~ evangelistic work. Whether she will cupied. American high schools, col- allow greater freedom for effort in leges, hospitals are all full to over- behalf of the Moslems remaining flowing. These institutions are nt1m~ within her borders remains to be bered by scores. In recent years seen. Moslems in large numbers are among When we turn to Albania the out- their patrons. Relief work adminis- look totally changes. The Albanians, tered by American hands in real sym- both Moslem and Christian, have long pathy amid the appalling suffering since united in a common desire and following the war has won the hearts determination to use their own lan- of the Turks. They know the su- guage rather than the Turkish as the preme need for their people, of men- principal language in their schools. tal and moral education and they are They welcomed the proclamation of looking to Americans for their mod- constitutional government in 1908 in els and their guides. They are read- the confident hope of now attaining ing our Bible and other Christian their purpose. The folly of the books, and are ready to listen to the "Young Turks" in Albania is writ Gospel message as never before. The large on the pages of modern history. war has been indescribably, incon- All is changed WIth the erection of ceivably fearful in its carnage and Albania into a free state. The people the suffering it has caused. But we are grateful to Italy and to Austria. see reason to believe these sufferings But this is with a certain reserve, for are opening men's eyes, in all races, they very well know that self-interest to the supreme value of moral and is at the bottom of Italian and Aus- spiritual good. Behold the door trian friendship. To Americans they thrown wide open by those newly turn without reserve. They appeal to awakened peoples to their friends of us to establish schools and hospitals the "Vest, especially t(l American among them. Some of them go fur- Christians. The chance offered us for ther and declare themselves ready to spiritual investments that yield a abandon Islam, forced upon them by hundred-fold is as great, certainly, in the Turks, and accept Protestant the Nearer as in the Farther East.

A Recent rrour In

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, DURAZZO, ALBANIA Missionary of the Am,erican Board o-.:so……mN the Dibra district, We were conducted safely over where we recently dis- the mountains within the Servian tributed about 450 lines under a white flag of truce and liras ($2,000) to the saw the Albanians on the one stde suffering people, my and the Servians on the other fol- wife and I were royal- lowing our movements with their field-glasses. As no intercommunily entertained by the Albanians of cation had been allowed for some the Tirana, Kellos, Chela and Matt time between the Servians and the districts through which we passed. people of the Mott district, we were Rarely has a foreigner been seen the first to pass over those mounin these beautiful mountainous sec- tains for several months. tions, and Mrs. Kennedy enjoyed the unique distinction of being the first After being held by the Servians foreign woman who had ever en- for four days, under suspicion of tered the Mott district. The women being the political agents of Austria, of the harems were deeply interest- we were forbidden to go to the Luma ed in her clothing, her eyeglasses, the district, where fighting soon after gold filling in her teeth, etc. The took place, but were allowed with a Albanians manifested a natural mounted police and two foot-soldiers strength of character and self-con- to visit some of the 18 burned viltrol with which the drinking of the lages in the neighborhood of Dibra. foreigners at the seaport restaurants V{e found these villages entirely is a shameful contrast. Altho en- burned and the starving people livtirely Moslem they unitedly stand ing in thatched enclosures. They against the use of alcoholic liquors, were absolutely destitute and much and also argued sensibly concerning less did they possess guns! The entheir rights and the proposed boun- tire districts of Gustiva, Reka and daries of Albania. Day by 'day they Kaza have been destroyed by the Serproved the sturdiness of their con- vians, who burned 3,185 houses amI victions 'by sending out delegated slew II,477 Albanians (Moslems), bands of hardy men with their rifles The consequence is that the whole to hold back the further unjust en- population of 80,000 is pressing this croachment of the Servians. They way. Already over 25,000 are in Elbaclaimed that they had killed no Ser- san and at least 20,000 are in Tirana, vian prisoners, while the Servians All the mosques, schools and public had shot their captured Albanians. buildings are crowded and Mrs. Ken- They appealed to us for cooperation nedy telegraphs me from Elbasan in establishing schools and enlight- that the need for relief funds is disening influences which they frankly tressing. In Tirana I found the acknowledged they need. conditions the Same-every available place cro'..-d~d and villagers with Should war break out between their earthly belongings on their Greece and Turkey the matter of the backs, constantly coming in! About southern boundary of Albania might half of these people are dependent be further delayed . The persecuupon us for bread. The local gov- tion of the Albanians in Kortcha ernment is doing commendably, but by the Albanian members of the is expecting us to cooperate with it. Greek Orthodox Church, assisted by Day by ' day this problem wiI! grow the army and church authorities, is more pressing until the Servians a parody on the real work of the oBuda))est AUS T R A HUN G A THE BALKAN PENINSULA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR withdraw an.-l the boundary com- Church. Why the Commission almission has given to these Albanians lows the Greek forces to increase their own Albanian territory. This their numbers in the- Albanian city question, as any other, if not settled of Kortcha, instead of vacating the justly, will not be settled. city and governing the city with a neutral force of soldiers is difficult The political outlook is encourag- to I1nderstand. ing if the Commission of Control will accornplisb soon its high service Through the kindness of Mr. of justly and wisely controlling the Charles Crane of Chicago a Board present unsettled conditions as an of Trustees has been elected in advisory board and not as destroy- America for the purpose of developing the initiative of the Albanians. ing the Kortcha Girls' Boardin~-

school. As soon as God opens the and which was forcibly taken from way we shall return to Kortcha to us by the Turkish Government on cooperate in this plan and in re- the ground that they needed it for opening our home as ,a boys' board- military barracks. It is true that ing-home. Under God's blessing, we the 500 liras which we paid for this hope that this may grow in its in- land was received back from the fluem;e for encouraging boys toward Turkish Government by our purlives of scholarship and usefulness. chasing agent. However, our claim Several boys have entered Robert is that the Turkish Government for- College from this school. feited its right to take this land from us as the proposed barracks The provisional Albanian Govern- were never built. They were workment has unexpectedly taken the po- ing against us because we befriended sition that the Krasta property be- the opprest Albanians and promised longs to the present Albanian Gov- to open an institution where the Alernment. This land we purchased some three years ago for 500 liras * banian language would be taught.

India A.D. 1913 BY HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA HE year 191 3 opened Seventy-two thousand miles of tele- graph lines flash 12,000,000 messages mT with the shadow of a about the Empire, and 58,000 miles tragedy over the Em- of irrigation canals have made 48,- pire. The anarchIst at- 000,000 acres of unprofitable jungle tempt to take the Vice- and sandy wastes to blossom with fer- roy's life at the Delhi tility. These figures betoken the in- Durbar failed as d llnrder. It 'iUC- fluences of Western civilization upon ceeded where its perpetrators least the waking Orient and are a magdesired success-in calling forth ~pOll­ nificent tribute to administrative taneotls, wide-spread, genuine loyalty power. They heIp us to understand to the British Empire from every cor- the stir in India's industrial life. ner of the land. The political sky, They explain the growing volume of still clouded, has been clearer ever emigration from village to city. Missince, and the cal1se of missions aided sions are faced by the power and thereby. peril of the city problem.

This has been a year of excep- We have evidences of the same tional material prosperity and good silent progress in social reform. harvests have brought forth rapid Without any outstanding event to progress in the Empire's economic rivet the gaze 011 personality or place, and industrial life. Thirty-five thou- Indian women are entering the land sand miles of railways are carrying of liberty. Government is spending 350,000,000 of passengers every year. large sums of money on female edu- cation, and each year witnesses an 4 Any funds sent through the American Board of Boston to W, W. Peet, of Constantinople, will be duly forwarded to me for this work.

A. D. 1913

increase by thousands of girls attend- permanent results will follow. The ing school. Our cities show more leaders. of Islam have been drawn women permitted the freedom of the together in their distresses and have parks, streets, and places of amuse- founded a Pan-Moslem League to ment. In the inner circles of home secure the strength of unity in belife, too, debas'ing customs concern- half of their faith. This stir of ing marriage and widowhood are giv- Islamic life has influenced the policy ing way before the light of fuller of government to an appreciable deknowledge and a growing reverence gree, and the Christian missionary for personality. can not but feel the trend of events is fraught with peril. India has been profoundly moved in her religious thought life. The A larger circulation of God's word growing activities of the reform sects has marked I913 than in any recent indicate both stir and progress. The year. Temperance reform has been Samaj movements, vedic, vedantic, urged upon the notice of the govand unitarian press forwarded into ernment, and His Excellency, Lord Hinduism and Buddhism in their Hardinge, has been the first viceroy preaching of a noble idea of God, in sympathetically to receive a deputatheir demand for a noble ideal of tion of temperance leaders, urging life and duty. "We shall S0011 need the restriction of the consumption of to change some of the essentials of both drinks and drugs. Social evils our faith," writes the leader of a su~h as those connected with the strict Hindu sect. "Social service" white slave traffic have been d,eaH has been a non-Christian watchword with by legal enactments inflicting during the past twelve months. In more drastic penalties on wrongcalamities such as floods, at vast doers. The influence of theosophy gatherings such as ruchas, and at especially in Madras has been furspecial places of pilgrimage bands of ther undermined by the proceedings young men of various creeds and against Mrs. Besant in regard to her races have sacrificed time and C0111- protege Alegone. The roll call to fort and money t6 be useful to their higher service includes such wellfellows. Thus it may be said that known names as Dr. Irving of Allaa larger vision of brotherhood has habad, and Dr. Huntley of Agra and come to many, unconsciousl), guiding it has been an exceptional year for the destiny of non-Christian religious the invaliding home of missionaries, thought life in India to-day. Mis- with a consequent lack of staff to sions in their presentation of the Gos- supply stations already occupied. pel of Jesus are the unac'knowleelged prophets of this eva,ugel of the re- This has been a great year for form movements to the Hinduism of Christian missions. It is too early past centuries. yet to be able to chronicle the numer- ical increase in baptisms from non- We have witnessed a renaissance Christian communities. In view of of the Moslem faith in India. The our present-day movements, of the events around Constantinople have deprest and outcast communities, we influenced the Indian situation very should anticipate the greatest record largely. It is too early to say what of any past year in additions by

baptisms to the church. Presbyte- soon after these words are in print rians, Anglicans, Methodists and Bap- the National Council of Mis.sions for tists are all rejoicing in these acces- the whole Empire-representative of sions. "Coming, coming; yes, they the variotls provincial councils—will are." But the year will be more be sitting to study the problems of memorable for the spirit of fellow- Indian missions from the standpoint ship in Christ that has come to birth. of the whole enterpri:'e. All the Dr. Mott's Indian conferences are forces, Protestant and Syrian, will historic. The Edinburgh Conference be cooperating as never before, for Continuation Committee has justifIed the spread of the Redeemer's King..

its appointment wondrously. Sent by dom. Who can estimate the signifi- that body-and so coming with the cance of this wondrous advance?

credentials of the leaders of the How energy may be conserved, the home-base-he set before the mission- frontal attack on non-Christian faiths aries of the Empire in the early reorganized, the Indian Church given months of the year the possibilities opportunities to develop all latent of cooperation, the need of councils powers of sacrifice and ·service, In- to focus policy and methods, and de- dian leaders thrust forth to take more velop missionary union in institu- responsible and prominent positions tional efforts such as hospitals, col- in both church and missionary ac- leges, schools, evangelistic campaigns tivity, to what extent women ·swork and literature. The seed fell into needs greater emphasis and a larger prepared ground. The Master Him- proportionate expenditure, how litera- self had preceded His messenger. The ture 'and education, medical and in- leaders of the forces in the Empire dustrial effort can be made better to were found to be one already in serve the great evangelistic ideal- prayer life, in desire for fuller knowl- these are the matters to which im- edge of each other, and for the ef- mediate attention will now be given; fective joining up of scattered agen- and that no longer as a divided force cies. So the year closes with per- but a force in which Christ's' prayer manent preliminary organization ac- has visible answer, "That they may complished. Bengal and Assam, Be- be one" . "that the world may har and Orissa, Bombay, Burma, believe."

Mid-India, Punjab, South India, and It is not too optimistic an estimate the United Provinces are the eight to say that 1914 opens with the op- areas into which India and Burma portunity of becoming the grandest have been divided. Ceylon will prob- year of modern missionary history.

ably come in as the ninth. All these year of modern missionary history.

areas have already elected their rep- Will we make the opportunity a real- resentative councils of missions, and ity?

"It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-The late Prof. Gustav Warneck, of Halle.

Burma-Present and

BY REV. II. n. COCHRANE, PYAPON, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, ~T HEl JUDSON CEN- indicate results at least equaling any- TEN ARY takes first thing in the past. place among events of religious significance Missionary socIetIes working' JIl for I913. The Ameri- Burma are, American Baptist, Ameri- . can Baptist Mission is can Methodist, English Wesleyan, S. P. G. and Roman Catholic- attempting to raise on the field a cen- American Baptists with their 185 mis- tenary offering of Rs. roo,ooo (over . sionaries on the field, 900 native $33,(00), to be contributed chiefly by churches, about 7o,cxxi church-mem- native Christians. This fund is to bers, and 25,000 pupils in mission be used for direct evangelistic work, schools, being by far the strongest. Christian education, and printing of The largest ingathering during the religious literature. The great cen- year has been among the tribes on the tennial celebration is to be held in China border, where converts have December, at Rangoon, in connection been gained by thousands during the with the annual convention of the past decade.

Baptist Mission. A good number of The Rangoon Baptist College has noted Baptists from America will be made rapid growth, including the present. One hundred and twenty- completion of a fine building for the three mIssIonary sOCIetIes having high-school department, and re- work in India have been invited to ceipt of a gift of $ro,ooo from two send a representative. After the donors in America for a building for meetings tours will be made to points the European school.

of mIssIonary interest throughout The Baptist Mission has opened a Burma, including, of course, the sites new station at Pyapon in the great of Judson's imprisonment, Ava and Irrawaddy delta among a half-mil- Aungbinle. N ative Christ~ans are lion Buddhists.

now engaged in a movement to have One of the strongest missionaries, the site of Judson's prison at Ava set apart for evangelistic work, has marked by a suitable monument. conducted successful campaigns at The "Win One" movement has led several mission stations, in connec- to greater emphasis on personal work, tion with the local missionary. Other resulting in an increase in number of societies, for which the writer is not converts, and in brighter spiritual life so competent to speak, have been in the churches and young peoples' pushing their work with great energy societies. and a good measure of success.

Statistics for 1913 are not yet Many thousands, who have not yet available, but reports from churches broken away from the ancestral re- and evangelists throughout the year ligion, have received Bible instruc-

tion, with a more enlightened con- influence among the people at large ception as to what Christianity really has been over-estimated. In the is, and a weakening of faith in the writer's estimation it is not so much old. There are many who contend a revival of Buddhism as a frantic that education, under Christian in- attempt to stay the tide of Chrisfluences, has been a more potent in· tianity. The Buddhist Young Men's fluence for good than "direct evan- Association, Buddhist secular schools, gelization." It is certain that a new etc., are but attempts to ape mission- Burma is rising, a new generation of ary methods, but really having little men and women who are, in some religious significance. That the commeasure, coming to think for them- mon people never have shown so selves. The British Indian Govern- much interest in Christianity as now, ment is administering the affairs of is the universal verdict of Christian Burma more and more effectively, workers. Missions in Burma are and by officials of higher type, secur., now experiencing the "penalty of sucing to all greater freedom of action cess." Leadership is the great need, as well as of thought. and will be for years to come. This means more men, more money, and The so-called "Revival of Bud- more prayer. dhism" is still in evidence, tho its Opening the Great Closed Land BY KEV. JAMES C. OGDEN, BATANG, TIBET, WEST CHINA Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society ~T IBET proper is still pedia Britannica, on India paper. The ~ clos~d to the Christian significance of this visit, and of the mISSIOnary, but the royal exchange of gifts is of no small present trend is toward importance. religious and political autonomy, with a modi- Prior to this visit of the Dalai fied policy of exclusion. According Lama to England, Tibet and 11onto the latest reports, the Dalai" Lama, golia had declared independence, and the Pope of Tibetan Buddhism, is in had mutually agreed to assist each England. His presents to the King other in maintaining independence were weapons and saddlery, and are and in propagating Buddhism. Since now in the British Museum. The the recent revolution, China has been royal gifts to the Dalai Lama in- unable to control these two depencluded examples of the best British dencies, and Russia has made a decorative and applied arts. Among treaty with, Mongolia in which the these were a fine telescope, with autonomy of the latter is guaranteed. which the Dalai Lama might vary the routine of the Potala in Lassa by There is to be a conference in Lonwatching the heavenly bodies, and don regarding the Tibetan situation, the eleventh edition of the Encyclo- for the purpose of forming a new treaty with China, which, while recog- nizing the suzerainty of the Republic,

THE GREAT CLOSED LAND

will give the Dalai Lama full ad- ed with his white-faced brother, and ministrative autonomy, and will pro- discovered' his own weakness, and tect his territory from future military narrow policy of seclusion. He no, expeditions. These provisions have doUbt knows that these Englishmen been tentatively accepted in Peking. could have looted and demolished his The Dalai Lama shows willingness to sacred city, but for some reason did agree to proposals which will ce111ent not. his relations with the government of India, and will eJ1able him to main- Following this expedition; China, tain free intercourse with the power inspired by jealousy, began her bloody operations in Eastern Tibet in 1905, A MUD HOUSE IN EfSTERN TIBET, USED AS A MISSIONARY'S HOME that gave him refuge when he fled and carried this war into Tibet before the troops of West China. proper. The Dalai Lama fled to In- The troublesome questions in Eastern dia, and was given refuge in Dar- Tibet, where hostilities between Chi- jeeling. Chinese schools were opened nese and Buddhist leaders have been in eastern Tibet, the telegraph was recently resumed will have the atten- built through Tachienlu and Batang, tion of this conference. and was completed to Chambdo in August, 1911. The Chinese Imperial The Younghusband expedition into Post Office was opened in Batang in Lassa in 1904 was a great factor in May, and in August a route was making Tibet known to the world. opened through Tibet via Chambdo, The Dalai Lama, the politico-religious Lassa, and Gyantse to Darjeeling in ruler of Tibet, thus became,acquaint-

A MISSION SCHOOL CLASS OF TIBETAN BOYS India. Ninety thousand square miles missions planning to work in Tibet in Eastern Tibet were open to mis- and when hostiliti,es cease they will sionary activity, and missionaries and begin workon the borders. Successtravelers explored and mapped this ful missions for: Tibetans have been territory. The Tibetans were vecy j:Qtlductetl .inLeh, L:ittle Tibet; in friendly because the Dalai ' Lama w~t~, protected by England, and mis- It. LARGE TIBETAN PRAYER·WHEEI. sionaries could have traveled free'ly in Tibet proper but for the feSfric- tions placed upon such traver by China, England and Russia. These restrictions were probably wise at that time because of the danger from hostile bands of robbers.

The Chinese revolution came ' and ' made it necessary for Chinese soldiers to be withdrawn from Tibet. Missionaries at Tachienlu and Batang were forced to leave their wellequipped stCltions. The Dal~i Lama again took charge, declared 'war against China, and drove the Chitlese out of Tibet. After China became a republic, she again sent an expedition into Eastern Tibet, but England protested against Chinese soldiers entering Tibet proper.

At present there are a number of

SITUATION IN CHINA

Darjeeling, India; in TachienJu and tive effort in evangelizing this "roof Batang, Eastern Tibet. Roman of the world." Interest is growing. Catholics are reported to be compara- Money is being given in larger tively strong in Eastern Tibet. The amounts, more men and women are combined efforts of missionaries, gov- under appointment and others are ernment officials in India, Indian preparing. One woman has pledged scholars, and others, have produced enough money to build chapels in some very good grammars and dic- six central stations and twenty-four tionaries of the Tibetan language, out-stations. What a challenge! and Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Large plans are being made. Great the complete New Testament have things are about to come to pass in been translated. Tracts, books and this arch of Asia. Monasteries must hymn books have been published and be turned int.::> schools and colleges. have been distributed and sold in the Christ will conquer Buddha. We beprincipal cities and towns. lieve that the opening of this closed land IS at hand. There is now a plan for coopera- The Situation In ~ China DY REV. P. W. PITCHER, AMOY, CHINA _Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ITH Dr. Sun Vat-Sen, civil war. So the situation is not so IWI the patriot and hero alarming, at least to an optimist, as of I9II, in exile, with might first appear.

Yuan Shih-Kai, the We recognize the disappointing situation, but let us give the Chinese .1Sl first elected President, credit for what they are trying to do, and at the same time give them from all accounts not our encouraging and sympathetic sup- port. These disturbances will right heartily in sympathy with republican themselves in time, but surely there is sufficient to arouse a spirit of hopeideas, and with a National Assembly fulness. Just think of what has taken place-the tremendous change and Senate split up into demoralizing within the past two years. The 1110st startling and 1110St indicative change factions, the situation in China is dis- of all came in that announcement of this republican government when appointing. through its National Assembly it ap- pealed to all Christian churches in But, it is a big step from an abso- China for prayer in its behalf, on April 27, 1913. It was, we believe, iute monarchy to a free and inde- but another and most convincing manifestation of the spiritual power pendent republic. We should not of Christianity which has taken hold of that people-a power that has been marvel too greatly if those who try to take it in a brief period should Llunder and fall. Such a movement takes time. After all, what is hap- pening in China is perfectly natural, and more or less a repetition of some of our own and probably forgotten history, i.e., the strife and weary seven years of forming our own Con- stitution-ancl the still more trying years of readj ustment after our cruel

working itself out in splendid Chris-' year to the Chinese, bringing, it is tian leadership during recent years. believed, the Gospel message b 20,- And we will not and do not believe 000,000, which in twenty years at that power is on the receding crest the same rate will bring the entire of a wave, but rather its movement 400,000,000 in touch with the Chrisis still forward. tian Gospel. Who can estimate the momentum of such a fact! The Chi- Such movements as were inaugu- nese arc calling for the teaching of rated in 19II do not go backward. Christ. Formerly Christian schools Indeed, 1913 witnessed a mighty for- and hospitals were accepted or tolerward momentum, especially among ated, while that for which they stood the student class-who are to be the was either ignored or despised and future leaders of that great nation. efforts made to stamp it out. But In the conference conducted by Dr.

CHINESE CHILDREN WHO LIKE THE MISSIOl'!"ARIES Matt and Mr. Sherwood E}ldy, over since the revolution, Christianity has 137,000 students listened to the Gos-' been seen in its true light. It is pel message and other helpful lec- inseparable from such institutionstures. Hundreds surrendered them- an integral part of them. It is clearly selves to Christ and to Christian ser- to those men who were avowed vice at the different meetings held in Christians that the Chinese owe their fourteen important centers, while deliverance from the petrified cu,;- over seven thousand pledged them- toms and procedure of the past. selves "not only to Bible study and The future we believe is bright daily prayer, but in most instances with promise. May our Christianity consented to enroll in Bible classes." "be equal to the task." May the Another enlightening and encourag- Christianity of all the churches "go ing item is that the .American Bible to the limit of devotion to the plane Society has sold 2,000,000 Bibles this of Christ."

Lure of Recent

· Literature* BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D.) NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions, U.S.A.

HE mission book is a and dominate the whole Christian fJT missionary. The story of missions as told in conception. recent literature has a ' charm all its own. In "It makes some difference whether we look upon the support of mis- sions as one among many manifes- ~ a large number of vol- tations of a spirit of charity, whether we look upon charity itself as one umes treating directly or indirectly of among many fruits of the spirit, or whether we look upon charity as the work of missions it is difficult to select any number which would be the nature of the spirit and mission- of equal value to all lovers of mis- ary charity as the manifestation of sions. The work done by the mis- the spirit in a world which needs sionary is so extensive, so varied, so above all things redeeming love. And world-wide, that it is not possible for it makes some difference whether we look upon redeeming love as active anyone individual to keep in touch toward us only, or as active in us with all the volumes that relate to the toward others; whether we receive a spirit of redeeming love embracing great movements now going on in the world which is active in us, and non-Christian lands as a result of the proceeds from us, or a spirit of rediligent, Christ-like work of the mis- deeming love which proceeds from sionary of the Cross. God taus and stops there. . . .

A few books chosen almost at ran- "The natural man does not desire the revelation of Christ to the world dom from the goodly number which and in the world. He may desire have recently come to my study table, progress, but not Christ. The desire set forth in clear light the work and for Christ, the desire of Christ in worth of the Christian missionary. the soul, is a certain sign of the The Heart of the Matter presence of the Spirit of Christ. If then a man finds this in his own 1. Missions to-day are causing the soul, he is convinced of the reality church at home to see the heart and of the Holy Spirit's indwelling in his own sou1." core of the Gospel.

A volume just from the press, en- These are well-chosen words which titled "Essential Missionary Princi- the Church of to-day needs to can ples," by Roland Allen, deals en- over.

tirely with this aspect of the mis- Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., in his sionary movement. In a series of recent volume, "The Modern Call of clean-cut forceful chapters the author Missions," emphasizes another as- brings the reader face to face with pect of the same great truth. The the essential principles which underlie book is replete with illustrations 'These books may be ordered through the REVIEW. A list of publishers and prices is appended

drawn from the author's encyclopedic can race. After a series of chapters knowledge of the modern missionary dealing exhaustively with the whole movement, of how the simple ele- manner of the life of the African, ments of the Gospel are operative in his chapter on "The Progress of on all classes and conditions of men. Christian Missions," Mr. Harris In a striking paragraph he writes; writes: "In the sphere of discovery and "The day has gone by when the exploration; in the development of world could dismiss Christian misbackward races, in the molding of sions in West Africa with a connational life, in the shaping of politi- temptuous sneer, for Christian miscal destiny, in the reformation of sionary effort with its eloquent facts, administrative methods, the training definitely established, can no longer of public servants, the reconstruction be ignored. Of all the forces which of judicial systems, especially among have made for real progress in West barbaric races, the opening of com- Africa, Christianity stands some say mercial doors, the promotion of inter- first, others second, but none can national diplomacy and commercial place it last. To it belongs primarily intercourse, and in the ethical and in point of time at least, the ecosocial regeneration of ancient com- nomic prosperity of the Gold Coast. munities of mankind still moving To it belongs, almost entirely, the slowly and wearily toward a higher credit for the native clerks and educivilization, missions have wrought cated men on the coast. To it the marvelously, and we will discover natives owe their knowledge of usemore and more as time goes on their ful crafts. To one section of the value along these lines of influence." Christian Church at least belongs the honor of having on the spot saved Books of the Down the Kongo natives from extirpation."

2. The mission book of former This has to do with the West days emphasized the low estate of Coast of Africa. The illuminating man. We do not deny that it was volume by Donald Fraser entitled a truthful picture which the poet drew when he declared that in many "Winning Primitive People··-An Aclands "every prospect pleases and count of 16 Years' Work among the only man is vile." In reading more recent books, however, one is imprest War-like Tribes of Central Africa," with the Psalmist's conception of man, "Thou hast made him a little sets before us a series of graphic lower than the angels," and with the possibilities in man. The theme of pictures of transformations wrought many a recent missionary volume among the lowest tribes of darkest might well be: Africa and of a development of na- "Down in the human heart Crusht by the tempter, tive character which a few genera- Feelings lie buried that tions ago would have been declared Grace has restored." impossible. Such a volume as "Dawn in Dark- "As a Christian missionary, I must est Africa," by John H. Harris, is a record the extraordinary advance revelation of the mentality, spiritual- which our religion has made, for, in it, I believe, the hope of the conity and possibility of the whole Afri- tinent lies. While I acknowledge the blessing of commerce, and good gov- ernment, and civilization, I can not see that these by themselves will ever lift a savage people into permanent and progressive prosperity, or eman-

LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

cipate them from the degrading su- pamphlet, issued by this worthy perstitions of animism, which only "fellow-helper" of the missionary, enmake the veneer of Western life lu-, dicrous and dangerous. In these re- titled, "Some Roads Toward Peace, 0'

gions the progress that has been is found much stimulating missionary made is built upon a Christian foun- information. "Some Roads To- dation, and the removing of old ward Peace" is the report presented magical and communistic restraints by Charles W. Eliot, President has been accompanied by the crea- Emeritus of Harvard University, who tion of a Christian law and con- writes: science. There is now a church with- in our mission with 8,200 members in "It is impossible for the visiting full communion, besides 8,500 cate- American with any experience in adchumens and 13,000 enquirers. In ministration and its normal difficulthese, through the power of living ties not to sympathize with the few religion, and its continual creation of hundred men who have taken their a new social conscience, and its .ac- lives in their hands and risked their tivity in propagating itself, will be whole careers in trying to build up found the guarantee of the future." a free government in China. What The chapter on "The Wisdom of American could fail to sympathize the People," in which are given racy with men in such a dangerous posi- tion, trying to do this immense sernative proverbs, stories and wise say- vice to such a people? Yet during ings, reveals a mental capacity in my stay in China I seldom met Octhe African that is alluring and in- cidentals long resident in the country spiring. in diplomatic, consular, commercial, "Dan Crawford," in his unique or industrial positions, who manifestvolume, "Thinking Black," and in his numerous addresses delivered in ed genuine sympathy with the revo- America and England during the lution, or any hopeful belief in the possibility of creating a free govern- ment in China. It seemed to me that year 1913, has dealt largely upon this lack of sympathy and hope was the mentality of the African. It has partly due to the fact that most fortaken many years for the Chri~tiall eigners in China live there for years world to recognize that these savages, without making the acquaintance of a single Chinese lady or gentleman. cannibals, men of the forest, of the The merchant may conduct for many jungle, possess mental characteristics years a successful and widespread and moral distinctions of no mean business in China without knowing a order. It is the missionary book word of tIle language, or making the which is revealing to us the possibili- acquaintance of any of his customers. In the clubs organized and resorted ties of the native peoples of the to by English, Americans and other world. foreigners in the Chinese cities, no The Hope for the World Chinese person is eligible for mem:- 3. Each group of new volumes bership. It is the missionaries, which treat of world-wide problems teachers, and other foreigners who labor in China with some philanthropserve to emphasize that humanity's ic purpose, who really learn some- "only hope lies" in the Gospel. The thing about the Chinese. They get volumes issued by the Carnegie En- into real contact and friendlyreladowment for International Peace tions with the Chinese, both educated can hardly be designated "mission and uneducated; while the foreign business men probably remain ignoliterature," and yet in the very latest rant of Chinese conditions and quali-

ties, and Chinese hopes and aspira- comes with the new republic is the tions. The ground for holding to fact that the man who has engineered the hope that it may be possible to the revolution is a Christian. He create a free government in China has the most loyal devotion of the is that the Chinese deserve to be men that have risked their lives with free because they are industrious, him. His influence is seen in the frugal, fecund, enduring, and honest. little loss. of human life that has China will need a long period of re- been allowed by the revolutionaries.

construction, and the Vvestern world There never has been in all the his- ought to stand by China with pa- tory of China such a bloodless revo- tience, forbearance, and hope while lution as this last one. It must be she struggles with her tremendous an omen of gladness to the whole social, industrial, and political prob- nation that Jesus has at last come to lems. She needs at this moment the take His place in the councils of the Chinese equivalents of Benjamin em p ire. Kang-hi, a celebrated Franklin, George Washington, and heathen emperor, in his great im- Alexander Hamilton. May she find perial dictionary that has been in the them." hands of the scholars of China for President Eliot makes very clear the last two centuries and a half, de- fined Him as being 'the Savior uf that he regards the Chinese as a the life of the world.' This silent, great race, "industrious, frugal, fe- unconscious prophecy is at length cund, enduring, and honest," but it being fulfilled in the new thoughts is the missionary who comes into about the preciousness of life that real contact with them, and it is to have come with the dawn of the new the missionary that China looks for republic." help. Yuan Shi-Kai in a personal conversation with President H. H. The thought of the Christian world Lowrie, of the Peking University, is now centered on China, many of said: "I am not a Christian, I am a the denominations are raising large Confucianist, but only Christian sums of money for the extension of ethics can save China, our morality the work; one denomination, the is not sufficient for the crisis." Presbyterian North, having already secured more than $300,000, as an Another volume, entitled "Men and additional sum for China. Manners of Modern China," by J. Macgowan, has numerous illustra- Books on China are mUltiplying. tions tending to show the latent PGS- The very last one which has come to sibilities in the Chinese race and yet my table,. "China Revolutionized," by making clear that China's only hope John Stuart Thompson, is full of good is a civilization permeated with the things. Some idea of the opinion of spirit of the Gospel. Mr. Macgowan the author 01" the subject under conhas lived in China for So years, and sideration can be seen from the folaccording to his own statement has lowing statement taken from the lived with almost every class in the chapter, entitled "Religious and l'iiscountry. His private conviction after sionary China." So years of close association with "I want to write a word of com- mendation of the missionary, for de- traction by some in high places, and this great people is given in the clos- by some authors who write as they ing paragraph of his valuable volume. fly and flit at the ports, is not un- common. The attacks upon missions "One element of strength that in Henry Norman's "Peoples and

THE LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

Politics of the Far East,'" and in It is the fashion in many quarters Pumpelly's "Across America and to imagine that missions are not need- Asia," are well known, and have ed in Latin America because for cenbeen repeated by others. One may turies a certain form of Christianity be a cynic at home, and with reason has held sway over the people. "Latin sometimes criticize some pulpits be- America: Its Rise and Progress," by cause they fear the magnate at the Calderon, and "South America," by end of some pews, and color their sermons accordingly. One may in a James Bryce, are in no sense missupercilious way sneer at the seeming lack of personality 111 the mis- sionary volumes, but they throw a sionary candidate, who in a gentle flood of light on the whole question faith stands up in her or his church of the Latin American peoples. If to answer the call: 'Go ye into all with these volumes we read the rethe world and preach the Gospel to port of the "Conference on Missions every creature.' But follow the in Latin America," held in N ew York worker into the China field, and see city in March 12, 13, 1913, the conwhat that call and the altruistic op- viction will be forced on the mind of portunity has done by its very im- the reader that the only hope of mensity. The gentle missionary has Latin America is the development of soon become many things; a brave character based on the pure Gospel. pioneer in exile; a scholar and lin- This report presents a series of guist; an organizer of great power papers by experts, most of whom and tact; a local foreign minister have their information at first hand. of great ability in adapting the West to the East; a scientist; housekeeper, Minna G. Cowan, of Girton Coltraveler, physician, explorer, ethnolo- lege, India, in hel very attractive gist, nurse, orator; the only host of volume on "The Education of the explorers; the most generous of man- Women of India," presses home the kind; an ideal example of what the same great truth. After recounting that the new type of woman is mak- 'Vest should be; the most inspired ing herself felt in India and giving of human beings in self sacrifice numerOilS example:,: of good work and wonderful accomplishments un- done by non-Christian natives, such der difficulties. Their expenses are as a Mohammedan lady of social many; their resources few. Many standing at Bombay opening a school have to live on the slimmest of C011- for poor girls in her house, or an tributions from home, such as the orthodox Hindu lady advocating a missionaries of the China Inland special system of Hindu schools,. or Mission, the Scandinavian Mission, an Arya Samaj widow having a high and the Scottish Missions which are school for half-caste girls in her not rich. own house and numerous other ex- amples. she states her convictions as "Many, like the American ~nd En- follows: ~lish missionaries, receive fair help from home, but spend on their equip- "The problem is a question of charment, and educational and hospital acter, hut of character built upon buildings the money that was due to personal contact with the Christ-life themselves and their families as sal- in God-a question of environment aries. The highly cultureu, brave and curricula, but also of showing president of the N ankin~ University accepts only $1,500 as salary, whereas if he were in America, on a purely business basis he would be expected to demand $15,000 for the same services and expenses of his high position."

that Christianity is of the East, and the people to whom she had minis- Eastern in its spiritual appeal; a tered were loathe to have her go. question of womanhood, but also of One little girl clung to her and re- that more perfect fellowship where fused to give her up. Christ is all and in all. 'Jesus Christ, by the silent action .of a life- "My teacher kept telling her to go time laid the first emphasis on the back, but she kept saying: 'I don't . identity of woman's humanity rather want Hoa Kuniang to go.' Do you than on the difference of her sex, wonder that I think of that little thus both dignifying her and man in darling out there and weep because his attitude to her.' The solution I must go from these people. Home of India's social problem lies in the is very sweet, and I love my dear fulfilment of the Christian ideal, and ones at home, and I thank God that the progress toward it must be a I shall soon see their dear faces united one, in which both sexes share again in this world, but the little alike." girl clutching at that little red work- bag who 'didn't want Roa Kuniang In a delightful volume, "Indian to go' is very deep in my heart, and the race she represents is my 'heri- Medical Sketches," by Charlotte S. tage.' "

Vines, is a chapter on "Christmas As told by Miss Burton, the story Eve," which is the story of the trans- of Dr. Hu King Eng and of Mrs. Ahok, the Christian mistress in a formed Indian home. On Christmas home of wealth, not only is fascinat- Day the young wife goes with a ing but stimulating, leaving the im- present of fruit to the hospital and pression that these godly Chinese women are the forerunners of a race says, "This is fruit for all of you because it is THE GREAT DAY." of Christian women who are to be of untold blessing to the millions of "Do you know why it is our great their suffering and degraded sisters. , day, why we are all happy to-day? To which she replies, 'Yes. My The world knows of the work of husband called us together in the Hepburn of Japan. It is simply and evening and read out of your Holy Book.' Then from heathen lips I forcibly told in this last volume by hear the story, told in very simple Dr. Griffis. language, told as a child would tell it, the story which has changed the The lure of mission literature is world." ever presenting to us the "large sym- There is a lure in such a story. metrical Christian man."

A Cure for Pessimism Some Important Missionary Books Df the Year 4. Missionary volumes drive out "Essential Missionary Principles." Allen. Flemthe spirit of pessimism. ing II. Revell CD. $1.00.

I know of no better antidote to "Modern Call of MiS5ions." Dennis. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. peSSimism than s,.1ch volumes as "Dawn in Darkest Africa." Harris. E. P. Dut- "New Thrills in Old China," by ton & CD. $3.50, C h a r lot teE. Hawes, "Notable "Winning Primitive People." Fraser. E. P. Dut- ton & CD. $1.50. Women of Modern China," by Mar- "Thinking Black." Crawford. Geo. Doran Co. garet E. Burton, and a very recent flJ.;~O~nd Manners of Modern China." Macvolume, "Hepburn of Japan," by Gowan. DDdd, Mead & Co. $3.50. William Elliot Griffis. HChina Revolutionized." Thompson. Bobbs, Mer- When -Miss Hawes was about to ..{~Un&AC;::;"'i~;;5~ts Rise and Progress." Calderleave China for her last furlough, son. Charles Scribners' Sons. $3,00. "South America." Bryce. Macmillan Co. $2.50. "Hepburn of Japan." Griffis.. Westminster Press.

$1.50.

A Twice-born "Turk"–Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press I iA]HMED' the narrator, of the Arab poets to bring a chapter continues: After a like unto it. 'For if all men and s h art time I saw Jinns met together to attempt to Salim looking for the bring the equal of this Koran they Sheikh. When we had should not be able to do it.' Oh, my found him we sat down son, beware of such Satanic sugges- under a tree and after the usual tions."

salutations Salim said to the Sheikh, My father then went on to warn "Will you please tell me how your me against allowing anything to inter- father answered you when you wrote fere with the belief that the words of to him the letter from El-Azhar?" the Koran have been engraved from A Moslem Father's Anxiety all eternity upon AI-Lauh al-Mahfuz Sheikh: A long time has elapsed (the Preserved Tablet).

and I can only tell you what I re- A Bold Reply-The Koran me,mber.* Not 20 days passed before After I had read my father's letter I received a reply from my father as I wrote to him something as follows: follows: "To my highly respected Father: "My darling son, May God Al- "You said that on reading my letter you were consumed with the fire of mighty preserve you from going zeal for the Islam religion. Instead astray in religion, and confirm you of burning with fire would it not in the Sunni creed of the Moslems. have been better to have brought· Amen. forth a few solid arguments to but- tress my faith which threatens to "My love to you is well known. fall. Then you say, 'I took refuge I read your letter and understood it. in God from the evils of Satan.' If From my zeal for the religion of my contention is right and my argu- Islam I took refuge in God from ments are sound, then will it not be the evils of Satan, who has been your remarks that are whispers of leading you astray, as appears from Satan, and will it not be you that your new thoughts about the Holy have gone astray? As for the Koran Book (the Koran), the best of all being the best heavenly book, there the heavenly scriptures, which has no is neither internal nor external evievil or vain discourse, but was sent dence for this statement. down by inspiration from the All "As to the contradictions contained Wise One, by means of which our illiterate prophet challenged the chief *Attention is again drawn to the fact that the in it, I have already written. As to 'our prophet challenging the eloquent Sheikh has added to his knowledge since that time, ;0 that in all these discussions his present account Arab poets,' if the Koran had difis fuller than his original letters.-TRANsLAToR.

fered from the composition of men written in a more eloquent Arabic then we would not find the com- style than those in the Koran!) panions of the Prophet holding con- trary opinions as to whether some "Then with regard to its tedious chapters were composed by man or repetition, see how the story of the were sent down by God, for instance, creation and the stories of Adam, the Fatiha (first chapter) and the Moses, Abraham, Noah, Jesus ana two amulets (last chapters). If the others are repeated many times over. Koran had been given by a miracle, then there would be no verses in it "In every age there are some wri- not conforming to the laws of elo- ters who excel their fellows. Suppose quence, of which your excellency has that Mohammed were the best of mentioned some instances. Again, if his age in one subject (prose) and it had been supreme, the Polytheists one language only (Arabic), is that a would not have been able to say of mark of divine inspiration? Was it as in Surat Furqan, 'And the un- Euclid inspired because he surpassed believers said, Verily this (the Kor- others i~ his "Elements of Geometry" ? an) is nothing but lies which he What of the claim of the Persian (Mohammed) has fabricated.' They Baha Allah's Arabic writings, which also called it in another place, 'Fables riyal the Koran? of the ancients.' "On the ground that all the elo- Is Koran Eloquence Finite or Infinite? quence and rhetoric of the Koran is lost by translation learned men have "Many of the Moslems themselves forbidden its translation into other also deny its surpassing eloquence, languages. But. if we suppose that and others disagree as to in what God sent the P~ophet to all men, respect it is inimitable. . . .' even to the Jinns and the angels, how is it forbidden to translate His Look "It is said that its beauty consists into the languages spoken by His in absolute absence of differences and followers? . . . contradictions in it, in spite of its length, and t{1eir evidence for that is Mohammed Wrought No Miracle a quotation from itself, 'If it had been sent by any other than God "Now you, my father, speak of his then they would have found in it miracles in the plural, from which we much contradiction.' This evidence should infer that you believe that he falls to the ground, since there are worked many miracles. This is from found in it some hundreds of verses the traditions, as, for instance, his which show very clearly that they feeding the multitudes, causing water are mutually contradictory. I have to spring from between his fingers, of . given you many examples in my first which there was sufficient for a whole letter showing that the contraventions army to do their ablutions, the split- in it are to be counted by hundreds ting of the moon, etc., so much so or even by thousands." . that EI-Halabi says that the miracles of Mohammed are beyond count. (The Sheikh goes on to give ex- Others have said that there were amples of contradictions and also 3,000 besides the Koran, while in the quotes an artificial Sura actually Koran itself there were from sixty to seventy thousand. There is a

A TWICE-BORN U TURK"

verse in the Koran which says that "He then asked them if their irlols when Mohammed was asked by the could hear them or benefit them, and idolaters to produce signs to prove they replied: his mission Ar-Razi and other 'Thus have we found our fore- commentators have replied, 'If the fathers doing!'

sending of miracles was a condition, "From this and other examples it then it was only nece.ssary to send appears that the greatest obstacle in one sign, that was the Koran itself, the path of anyone wishing to follow which makes all others unnecessary.' the truth revealed by any prophet has From this it appears that the claim always been the fear of showing his of miracles for the Prophet other forefathers to have been in the than the Koran is not established." wrong.

(He then quotes similar passages "But do you, sir, wi3h that I shuuid proving the Koran to be no miracle, be like these ignorant ones imitating and goes on to show that rhetoric my fathers in whatever creed they can never be esteemed equal to the may have held, whether truth or er- physical miracles wrought by the ror? God forbid. You are noted prophets.) among your friends for your hatred "The wise man looks at the ultimate of conventionality. . . .

end of things and does not too "I ask your fatherly kindness to hastily decide as to the truth of a pray for me that God alone may be religion which he has inherited from my guide in my search for truth.

his forefathers, however wise and As you have invited me to tell you educated they may have been. Nor everything in religious matters, I ex- should he be satisfied with merely plain to you now that I h;!ve divested external evidences, but should inves- myself of every religious convention, tigate for himself impartially, for, as the only thing remaining being belief the saying is, 'Truth is the child of in the existence of the Ultimate search.' Cause; for the proof of the existence Ancestral Fallibility of an All-wise Creator is practically "Do you hold that my forefathers axiomatic. I pray to Him a private were infallible, however intellectual prayer of worship and petition ask- they may have been? God forbid. ing Him to lead me in His own way They inherited their doctrines one of truth. I have now bought a Holy from another, and if the error of any Bible, which is a collection of the doctrine appeared to anyone of them books of the Prophets, and bave he would not go back from it for commenced to read it secretly by fear of loss of standing among his night after doing my studies by day.

fellows. This we know from ex- I have also acql.lired one or two books perience, altho the imitation of one's such as 'Al-Milalwan-Nihal' (Re- progenitors in the matter of religion ligious Sects).

is blamed in the 'Koran in a number "In conclusion, I beg your merciful of passages. The idolaters blamed excuses for all that I have written to Abraham when he asked them: you, my only object being the searcll ~What do you worship?' after truth. May God preserve you 'Idols,' they said. to us. Amen."

Selim: You made the argument of all men, that He may make your stronger in the second letter than in faith perfect." the first, and I admit you have proved everything clearly. Corruption of the Scriptures Sheikh: My father was practically I answered my father thus: convinced of the non-miraculous "My respected Father: After kiSScharacter of the Koran and the ab- ing your noble hands I would like to sence of any miracle attributed to say that I have received your letter Mohammed, but he took refuge in and have carefully read it and found the charge of corruption of the if incumbent upon me to answer you. Scriptures. "As for your objection to my reac:- ing the Scriptures because you think The Father'. Reply that the Jews and Christians have altered them, this i.3 a charge which After 20 days another letter came can not be substantiated either canonito me from my father to this effect: cally or intellectually. Having regard, however, to the numbers of verses in "My son, I was glad to receive the Koran which mention the Tonrat your letter and to find so much clear (Law) and the Injil (Gospel) I debating and strong proof of what make the Koran the arbitrator, unyou hold about miracles and the Kor- dertaking to abide by its decision, you an, but I was grieved to learn that also agreeing to the same. I have you have divested yourself of all re- extracted from the Koran, after two ligion, halding only tpe existence of nights' reading, certain verses refer- God, which is not sufficient for the ring to the Jews' corruption of the salvation of the soul from everlast- Scriptures. ing perdition. I join with you in your private prayer asking Him to Do yoU wish that they should believe in guide you to the right way. As for you while a party of them were hearing the your remark that you are giving your- Word of God and corrupting it? (Cow: self to reading the Bible secretly, do not waste any time reading it, es- 75.) pecially as your time is valuable, for I know that the stories of the proph- "Among the Jews are those who displace ets collected in it have been talll- (Tahrif) the words." (Woman: 45.) See pered with by' the Jews and Chris- also Table: 14, 44. tians. They have altered and substituted, added to and taken fro111 it, "Now Razi says that the alteration altering both word and meaning. Not of the text of the Tourat and the that I say that everything in it has InjU is not held by the theologians, been abrogated, but I warn you for these two books had become so against the false doctrines in" that well known and the chain of tradition book. If anyone else discovers so strong, that it would be very diffiwhat you are doing it will lead to cult to do so, but they (the Jews j your ruin. In any case, I ask you were giving a false interpretation of to keep me acquainted with all your the meaning. Bukhari and others doings. There is no refuge but in have agreed with him. plenty of prayer to Him among the fingers of whose hands are the hearts "Now Tahrif may be held to mean either the alteration of the text, or of the meaning. If we look impar- tially into the above verses, and re- member that the Tourat and the Injil

9 1 4] A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had been circulated in all parts of man to be Pharaoh's Prime Minister, the world in various languages at the and Pharaoh to be the builder of the time of our prophet, not forgetting Tower of Babel, etc. If we ask any the care of the Jews for their book in one which of the two books is wrong, counting its letters and its very points we at once say that the 'Koran claims many times; then if we also look at to have been sent to confirm the the enmity between the Jews and the Bible which came before it. It,. how.; Christians, we see the impossibility ever, disagrees with it in many of of a mutual agreement to corrupt the the stories by adding to or taking books of their religions. from them, and contradicts many of the judgments, etc. "Look also at the numerous verses in the Koran which say that it came (3) I have found in the Bible to confirm the previous Scriptures many wonderful bits of wisdom, eswhich were with the Jews and the pecially the Books of Proverbs and Christians, describing them as 'right Ecclesiastes and in the New Testaguidance,' etc., Mohammed himself ment, which bear a good deal of rebeing told to ask the people of the semblance to the Mohammedan tradi- Scriptures when he had any doubts tions, so that anyone might think about anything. Then God promised the latter had been quoted from the to preserve the Dhikr (His book) former. I have started to collect tofrom alteration and corruption. vVe gether the chief resemblances. therefore find that he who holds the corruption of the revealed Scriptures Selim: But what led you to speak is opposed to all reason and denies to him so boldly? the Koran and him who brought it. Think of that!· There is no need Sheikh: My friend, at that time I for me to enlarge upon it. May God felt a strong impulse urging me to preserve you. Amen." take any risk in order to find the true religion. I was like a man who Koran Quotations From the Bible had lost everything that was of worth in this world, but who had a strong Not many day~ passed before I fol- hope of being able to discover truth lowed up this letter with another giv- so that nothing should be able to ing what the Scriptures had revealed ultimately hide it from him. Thereto me of things which I had not pre- fore I was not afraid of anything viously thought of. Some' of them that my father might do, for I had remain in my memory. made a compiete sacrifice of every object other than that of finding the (I) That the verses in the Koran truth. which mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, sun and moon, This was, however, nothing cometc., etc., have, in most cases, been pared with what happened to me in quoted from the Holy Bible. Dumyat (Damietta, Egypt) and whal also happened to me in Tripoli, Beirut (2) By comparing the Bible and and Damascus. My father used to the Koran I have found certain his- say about me, "This boy is bold in torical mistakes in the latter, such as speech and will find that his tongue m;:tking Mary, the mother of Jesus, will get him into trouble." to be the daughter of Amran and· the sister of Aaron, and stating Ha- ( To be continued.)

BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society.

~I N spite of the fact that scattered by a colporteur. Rev. Mr. there are to-day more Rosensky, pastor of St. Paul's Bibles and portions Polish Methodist Church in Milwau- published each year kee, writes: "This church is the than there were in ex- child of the American Bible Society.

istence two hundred It began this year to contribute to years ago, there is yearly an increase that society and will continue to do in the demand for the Scriptures. so as long as its 'mother' lives."

The American Bible Society has nine Another instance is cited by Mr. Top- agencies in the United States and ping, a Baptist missionary in Japan, twelve in foreign lands, and the who describes the way in which a British and Foreign, Scotch and other colporteur lays the foundation of new societies are also doing vigorous and churches in neglected districts. He efficient work. The demand for asks, "Shall I call these Bible So- Bibles is especially impressive m ciety churches?"

China. Both the American and the The total issues of the American British and Foreign Societies report a Bible Society at home and abroad sudden and extraordinary increase in last year were 4,049,610 Scriptures circulation, and last year each of and portions in 84 limguages. These these two societies issued over are distributed by 428 workers in the 220,000 volumes more than the pre- United States and 8ro in foreign vious year. This demand shows it- lands-a total of 1,238 persons, of self among the rich and the official whom 990 are regular colporteurs.

classes as well as among the poor The aggregate issues of all the laboring classes. In the field of the Bible societies in the world which Levant Agency of the American So- print the Scriptures, so far as is ciety, which includes the territories known, amounted in 1912 to 15,- involved in the war between Turkey 902,396 volumes. It is somewhat sur- and Italy, and the disastrous war be- prizing to note that of this aggregate tween Turkey and the Balkan States, 14,309,157 volumes were printed by the number of copies put in circu- the three great Anglo-Saxon socie- lation was nearly 35,000 more than ties. The issues of the British and the number reported the previous Foreign Bible Society were 7,899,502 year. volumes; those of the National Dible Every year brings new testimony Society of Scotland, 2,359,985 voi- of the power of the Bible to grip urnes, and those of the American the hearts of men of every race. Bible Society, as mentioned above, trace their 'origin' to the Scriptures 4,o49,6ro v 0 I u me s-I,444,oo(l of trace their origin to the Scriptures which were in English.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "Love Stories of Great Missionaries, n "Adventures With Four-Footed Folks," "Holding the Ropes," etc.

PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR New Belrinnings for Mi.sions it was a wide-spread custom to set apart the first Monday in the year EW YEAR'S DAY (in some localities the first Sundayj as a day of fasting and prayer for fNl ~hroug~out the vvorld the conversion of the world. Much 15 a time of new be- of the success of missions in those ginnings. In the Oc- early days of difficult and dangerous cident the idea of pioneering was directly traceable to turning over a new these and other stated periods of inleaf and beginning with a clean tercession. Many of the remarkable sheet is largely a matter of senti- revivals in Fidelia Fiske's school in ment. In the Olient it is a stern Urumia began on or soon after the necessity, enforced by law and re- first Monday in January, when Mary ligion. Only those who settle their Lyon and her girls at Monnt Holyoke accounts with the gods and pay theIr were on their knees praying for the debts to their fellow men dare face little seminary in Persia. In other the new year with peace and enter parts of the mission field also it was upon its festivities with joy. found that times of refreshing began simultaneously jVith the day of in- Quaint old Thomas Fuller was in- tercession at the dawn of the year. clined to censure those who waited to begin their amendment on the first Beginning with 1858 an entire day of the year. "I see no day equal week at the beginning of the year to to-day; the instant time is the wa~ set apart for prayer for missions. fittest time," was his wise and true This was in response to the call, iscontention. Yet no one can afford sued by the Ludhiana Mission of to let the New Year pass without the American Presbyterian Church some effort toward betterment. in the autumn following the awful Indian Mutiny, to "all God's people This is true of missionary socie- of every name and nation" to unite ties as well as individuals. No or- in an annual week of prayer for the ganization is wise that fails at New conversion of the world. The plan Year's time to look carefully over met with immediate response and its record for the past year and to was widely adopted with beneficent introduce new features that will tend results. But by and by tlK Church toward better results in the future. at home became selfish and spent so much of the week in praying for Beginning the Year with Prayer herself, that she lost sight of the missionary motive. Two days of the In the old days it was the practise of the Church to devote much time at the beginning of the year to prayer for missions. For many years

week of prayer are still reserved for and the birth of Livingstone in 1913, prayer for missions, one for home, and the jubilee of VI/oman's Societies the other for foreign, but very few in 1910 and 19I1, have each con- churches make use of the topics as- tributed to the rising tide of mission- signed. ary enthusiasm, and the Judson cen- This is a custom-the setting apart tennial, now in progress, promises to of time at the beginning of the year carry it still higher. The Layman's for definite prayer for missions-that Missionary Movement, born at the needs reviving. What will you and Haystack Centenary, and the post- your church do about it? jubilee campaigns of the Woman's Missionary Anniversaries of 1914 Societies have enlisted thousands of Keeping anniversaries is one of the men and women who hitherto cared best ways to arouse interest in any little or nothing for missions.

cause or person and conserve the in- No missionary society can afford fluence thereof. Secular educators to lose the impetus that comes from understand this and have made great joining in the celebration of anniver- use of it in colleges and schools. The saries such as these, no matter in Church, too, is beginning to realize what denomination they occur. They the value of it. are the common property of the Much of the present advance in whole church and in the keeping of missions is due to the jubilees and them there is great reward. The cen- centenaries that have followed closely tenary of the American Baptist Mis- one upon another during recent years. sionary Society occurs on May 18, The wide publicity given to missions and every society, Baptist or other- on these occasions through pulpit and wise, should devote at least one meet- press has molded public opinion and ing to the story of Adoniram and raised missions to a higher plane; Ann Judson and the peculiar provi- and the recital of the heroic d~eds dences of God that led to the estab- of the early pioneers has begotten a lishment of the Burman mission and new spirit of enthusiasm and devo- the organizatio)1 of the second great tion throughout the whole Church. missionary society in America.

The centenaries of Carey and the Nor should the lesser anniversaries Baptist Missionary Society in 1892, of the year be forgotten, even tho the London Missionary Society in an entire program can not be de- 1896, and the Church Missionary So- voted to them. In the keeping of ciety in 1899 with their great meet- them, as of the more important onc'5, ings and fine output of literature there are great possibilities of brought the 19th century to a fitting kindling fires of interest and enthusi- close and prepared the way for the asm and planting missionary pur- great missionary revival now ill prog- poses in human hearts. The Mora- ress. In the new century the cen- vians understand this and through- tenaries of the Haystack meeting in out their wonderful history it has 1906, the American Board in 1910, been a great source of spiritual the sailing of the first American mis- power. In July, 1876, while the sionaries to India in 1912, the Wes- United States was rejoicing over its leyan Methodist Missionary Society lOoth birthday, the Moravians at

OF BEST METHODS

Paramaribo were celebrating the cen- January tenary of an event, insignificant in the eyes of the world, but great in I, IBS4-New Year's Prayer-meeting, at the sight of God and the hrethren-·- the lOath anniversary of the bap- Ongole, India, 60th Anniversary. See tism of the first negro convert in the mission in Surinam. "It was charac- MISSIONARY REVIEW, January, 1911, page4S. teristic of the Moravian habit of ranking spiritual interests before all I, IB74-0nening of the First Hospital for others that this event should be commemorated by a centenary observ- Women in the Orient by Doctor Clara ance," says Dr. Thompson in "Moravian Missions." "The church at SwaiTJ, at Bareilly, India, 40th Anniver- Paramaribo, which seats 2,400 persons, was decorated with palm sary. See "Western Women in Eastern branches and garlands of flowers and was thronged with worshipers at Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. each of the three services that were held commemorating the event. The 31, 1834-Completion of Judson's Bible, Te Deuln was sung in Negro-English; the document recording the 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Adonibaptism-nearly destroyed by action of the climate-was brought out and ram Judson," by Edward Judson. read; and the occasion closed by the Brethren entering anew into a coven- February ant to maintain mutual love and love to the Savior upon that opening of II, 1889-Granting of Religious Liberty in a new century of Christian labor." Japan, 25th Anniversary. See "History In 1909 the MISSIONARY REVIEW published each month a calendar of of Missions in Japan," by Otis Cary. important missionary events occurring during the month with suggestions 22, IBI4-Charles Rhenius sailed for India, and material for celebrating one event each month. These could be used looth Anniversary. See "Men of Might with advantage by any missionary organization during the coming year. in India's Missions," by Holcomb. The following list of special anniversaries occurring during 1914 is March herewith given in the hope that many Sunday-schools and societies will I, IB54-Hudson Taylor landed in China, commemorate them, if not by a pro- 60th Anniversary. See MISSIONAR~ REgram, at least by some mention in the way of a story, a motto, a Scrip- VIEW, September, I90S, page 656. ture lesson, a prayer, or something appropriate to the occasion that will II, 'rB89-0pening of the Sharada Sadan, impress it on the mind: Ramabai's Home for Hindu Widows.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1904.

21, 1844-Birth of George Leslie Mackay, 70th Anniversary. See "From Far For- mosa," by G. L. Mackay.

2B,IB49-Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar, 65th Anniversary. See MIS- SIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909.

2B, IB74-0pening of the Martyr Memorial Church in Madagascar, 40th Anniversary.

See same as above.

29, 1739 (Easter Sunday)-Baptism of Ka- jarnar, First Moravian Convert in Green- land, I7Sth Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1910.

April B, 17B4-Birth of Gordon Hall, I30th Anni- versary. See "Men of Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb.

IB, IB74-Burial of Livingstone in West- minster Abbey, 40th Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, or any Life of Livingstone. .

28, IB34-Jason Lee Began Work in Ore- gon, Both Anniversary. See "Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest."

May IB, 1814-Founding of the American Baptist Missionary Society, Iooth Anniversary.

See "History of Baptist Missions," by Merriam.

IB, 1834-Birth of Sheldon Jackson, 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Sheldon Jack- son," by Stewart or Faris.

June 8, 1824-Judson Seized at Ava, 90th Anni- versary. See "Life of Judson," by Ed- ward Judson.

9, IB34-Death of William Carey, 80th An- niversary; See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh or any Life of Carey.

II, 1744-0rdination of David Brainerd.

170th Anniversary. See "Life of Brain- erd," by Sherwood.

28, I834-Martyrdom of Lyman and Mun- Map Trips Around the World son in Sumatra, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." Maps are an important adjunct to missions. It was teaching geography 28, I794-Birth of Allen Gardiner, I20th by means of maps in his little school Anniversary. See "pioneers and Found- at Moulton that turned Carey's ers," by Miss Yonge. thoughts to missions and studying geography at school in N ew York .!9, I864-Consecration of Samuel Crow- city sent Eliza Agnew to Ceylon. Our ther, the First Black Bishop of Modern Lord taught that "The field is the Times, in Canterbury Cathedral, 50th An- world," and while pastor of Brown Iliversary. See "Life of Samuel Crow- Memorial Church in Baltimore, Dr. cher," by Page. John Timothy Stone, the present Moderator of the Presbyterian Genjuly eral Assembly, kept a large globe .standing on his pulpit as a silent re- 18, I864-Neesima Sailed for America, 50th minder of this truth. Anniversary. See "Life of Neesima," by Maps have great power to focus Davis. attention and inspire interest, as 26, I864-Death of Fidelia Fiske, 50th An- every worker, especially among chil- dren, well knows. At the Schenec- niversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, May, tady County Sunday-school COilFen- rgo9· tion last October, Dr. W. J. Swart, a 28, I764-Birth of Samuel Marsden, Isoth medical missionary from Siam, told Anniversary. See "Pioneers and Found- of holding the attention of a group ers," by Miss Yonge. of boys for several hours one even- ing in a home where he was staying, August by pointing out on a map of the 1, I834-Death of Rotrert Morrison, 80th wotld the places he had passed through while en route from Siam Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of and telling them stories about them. the Mission Field," by Walsh. The boys were so fascinated it was hard to get them to bed. 1, 1834-Emancipation Began to Take Ef- fect in the British West Indies, 80th An- At Silver Bay last July, Miss niversary. See "New Acts of the Apos- Susan C. Lodge, of Lansdowne, Fa.• tles," by Pierson. president of the Philadelphia Branch of the 'Noman's Foreign Missionary 14, I3I4-Lull Crossed to Bulgia, There to Society of the Methodist Episcopal Meet Death as a Martyr, 600th Anniver- Church, told of a map trip around sary. See "Life of Raymond Lull," by the world that had aroused great in- Zwemer. terest in her Sunday-school. Mr. W. G. Landis, superintendent of the 22, 1864-Completion of the Arabic Bible. school and secretary of the Pennsyl- soth Anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years vania' State Sunday-school Associa- in Syria," by Jessup. tion, having been appointed a mern· ber of the commission to the Orient September in connection with the World's Sun- 22. I884-Horace N. Allen, First Resident Missionary Arrived in Korea. 30th Anni- versary. See "Korea, the Hermit King- dom," by Griffis.

October 26. I834-Arrival in Canton of Peter Par- ker. First Medical Missionary to China. 80th Anniversarv. See "The Uplift of China." by Smith.

November First Sabbath, r864-Baptism of the First Jaoanese Convert, 50th Anniversary. See "History of Japanese Missions," by Cary, Vol. 2, page 56.

20, r839-Martyrdom of Tohn Williams, 7.-th Anniversarv. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field." by Walsh.

December -, r82d-Kapiolani Defied the Fire-gods of the Crater of Kilauea. 90th Anniversary. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain.

5, 1834-Titus Coan S8iled for Hawaii, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- sions."

25. r8r4-Samuel Marsden Preached his First Sermon to the. Maori Cannibals and Started the New Zealand Mission, loath Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh.

day-~chool Convention at Zurich last Missions," one inch and a half summer, the school obtained a copy of his itinerary and followed him square, may be obtained from the around the world by means of a large map hanging in the Sunday- Woman's Board of the Northwest, school room. Each of Mr. Landis' stopping-places was marked by a Presbyterian, Room 48, 509 Wabash small flag and a short talk given about the people he was seeing and Avenue, Chicago, Ill., for 25 cents.) mission work among them. The itinerary for such a trip This is an excellent plan that could be used to advantage, not only in should start with the United States the Sunday-school but in the Young People's Society also, during the Sun- (if the school is located there) and days of an entire year or a portion of it. It need not occupy more than should include both home and foreign five minutes a Sunday and the information gained and the interest TI11SSlOns. At each stopping-place aroused would more than justify the expenditure of time. Very few something should be told about the schools are fortunate enough to have a 'superintendent on a tour around mlsslOnary. Usually a short story, a the world, but an imaginary itinerary can be planned by the missionary quotation, a favorite hymn or Bible committee; or, as Miss Lodge suggesteq, the itinerary of Mrs. Mont- text will make a deeper and more gomery and Mrs. Peabody or Dr. Samuel B. Capen or some other lasting impression than an extended prominent person or persons could be used. biography. The following list of An adaptation of this plan might great missionaries covers most of the also be used to teach the names and stations of 52 great missionaries, one mission fields and all of the leading a week during the year, the idea being to make a map-trip around the denominations. Other names may be world visiting places made famous by their work. The requisites for this substituted, and denominational misplan are a large map of the world, a list of the missionaries, and 52 flags sionaries may be used entirely if deor knots of ribbon to be fastened to the map at the various stopping- sired. There is no better way than places. Small pictures of the missionaries may also be used to ad- this to teach the names and stations vantage if the map is large enough. (Portraits of the 50 missionaries in- of the -missionaries working unde! cluded in the game, "Who's Who in one's own board, tho the trip can not be made quite so attractive with these on account of the difficulty of ob- taining interesting material: United States-John Eliot, David Brainerd, David Zeisberger, Marcus Whitman.

Canada-James Evans, Egerton Young. Labrador-Wilfred T. Grenfell. Alaska-William Duncan, Sheldon Jackson. Mexico-Melinda Rankin, William Butler. South America-Allen Gardiner. Hawaii-Titus Coan. Japan-James Hepbnrt1. Guido Verbeck, Joseph Hardy Neesima. Formosa-George Leslie Mackay. Korea-Henry Appenzeller. China-Robert Morrison. Peter Parker, Hudson Taylor. Tohn Kenneth Mackenzie, Joseph Schereschewsky. Mongolia-James Gilm'mr. Burma-Adoniram Juoson. India-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, Christian Frederick Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, James Thoburn, John Everett Clough, Pandita Ramahai. Cevlon-John Scudder (also worked in In- dia), Eliza Ag-new. Persia–Henry Martyn (also worked in In- dia), Fideli'l Fiske. Arabia-Ion Keith-Falconer.

Turkey-Cyrus Hamlin, William Goodell. as good for grown-ups as for chil- Syria-Cornelius Van Dyck, Henry H. Jes- dren, perhaps even better. Such a map hanging in the prayer-meeting sup. room of the church would be an in- Africa-Theodosius Vanderkemp, Robert spiration to the congregation and will have great educational value, especial- Moffat, John Ludwig Krapf, David Liv- ly if the ll,1arking of the stations in ingstone, Samuel Crowther, Alexander the various fields forms one feature Mackay, James Hannington. of the programs of the monthly mis- New Zealand-Samuel Marsden, George sionary meetings of the church. Augustus Selwyn. South Seas-John Williams, John Coleridge Our Own Mission Fields Patteson. New Guinea-James Chalmers. "The Missionary Survey" for No- Fiji Islands-James Calvert. vember, 1913, prints the following bit New Hebrides-John G. Paton. Greenland-Hans Egede. of rime contributed by Mrs. J. M.

Information about these mISSIOn- Williams, of Wesson, Miss., who has found it helpful in teaching the aries may be found in biographies, juniors the mission fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church-their the Encyclopedia of Missions, and own denomination. Tho they can not use it as it stands, workers in files of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. other denominations will filld !t sug- gestive: "Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy A is for Africa, dark as the night; and Girl Should Know," by Julia H. B for Brazil, still groping for light; C is for China, a land far away; Johnston (Revell, $1.00), and "Who's C also for Cuba-it waits for the day; Who in Missions," a card game ] for Japan-some day Christ will win; K for Korea, weary of sin; (Sunday-school Times Company, 50 M is for Mexico-great is its need; cents), will be found very helpful. o workers, go hasten to scatter the seed!

Still another adaptation of the map- Bulletin-Boards trip idea (one that was used with Is there a missionary bulletingreat success by the writer some board hanging in your church-vesti- bule? I f not, it would be a good years ago in a mission band of girls plan to put up one and begin its use on the first Sunday in the year. If from eight to sixteen). is to take a you can't get the board in time, begin by tacking bulletins to the wall with map-trip around the world for the thumb-tacks, and procure the board· as soon as possible thereafter. purpose of visiting the various fields in which one's denominational mission ·Wherever the bulletin-board has had a fair trial, it has proved an efboard is working. A large map of fective way of advertising missions. Hung in a conspicuous place in the the world is necessary for this, pref- vestibule, few persons who attend the church services will lail to stop, erably one that is put out by the for a moment if not longer, on the way in or out, to see what is on it. denominational board and has the stations marked on it. A brief stop should be made at each station; its location marked by a tiny flag, a bow of bright ribbon or merely the bright, brass head of a paper fastener; and some brief item of interest should be given about the work.

At the end of a year in which this plan has been followed, it will be found that the map has acquired a new value, for it will be possible to tell at a glance just where the board is at work, and how many stations it has in each field. The plan is quite

OF BEST METHODS S7

The board itself can be made of than the customary printed lists of inexpensive wood, stained' to match new books.

the woodwork or covered with burlap 3. Clippings from the daily papers in harmonicus tint, and finished with having a bearing on missions. In a narrow molding and hangers of "Missionary Methods for Sunday- some sort. I f there is some one in school Workers" (StJpday-school the congregation who can make it Times Company, 50 cents), Mr. Trull (preferably a boy who has had a gives some very clever suggestions course in manual training and whose for making these news items more interest can be enlisted thereby) the effective.

cost will be almost nothing. 4. Lists of questions on the con- If the committee put in charge is tents of some missionary magazine, wide awake and fully alive to the such as "The Clues to the Contents"

possibilities of the bulletin-board it printed each month in the JlvhSSJON- can be made a great power. Every ARY REVIEW; week should find something new on 5. Effective charts or small maps it-something radically different from the week before. There is such an colored or shaded to bring out cerabundance of material available and tain striking facts. These may be so many clever ways of putting it, found in almost all the mission study that there~ will be no trouble about books.

6. Quotations from great mission- securing variety. Here is a list of aries and testimonies to the value of things that may be posted on it: missions from great travelers and statesmen. I. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, in the form of attractive 7. Portraits of great missionaries posters, if possible. These should and striking pictures of scenes and have the right of way. It was while events in missionary lands, such as stopping for a moment to read the announcemep.t of a missionary mcet- "The Burning of the Opium Pipes ing posted on a bridge at the little in China," printed in the "Literary town of vVarrington, England, that Digest"; "Six Thousand New Testa- ments for Distribution among the Robert Moffat heard God's call. Police of Tokyo" (piled up in the 2. The outside paper cover of the form of a large cross) in the "Rec- latest book added to the missionary ord of Christian Work," November, library. This is the best way to ad- 1913, page 756; and "Contrasts in vertise new books. In the Public Womanhood in India," MrssIONARY Library of Schenectady, New York, REVIEW, April, 1913. Portraits of whence this suggestion came, it has missionaries and quotations printed long been the custom to pin the in suitable size for bulletin-boards paper covers of new books to a large may be obtained from the Missionary burlap-covered screen standing in the Education Movement, 156 Fifth center of the entrance hall. Almost Avenue, New York.

everyone stops to examine them, 8. Anniversaries of great events in and many 'go in at once to ask for missionary history presented in some the books. Mr. Glenn, the librarian, novel and attractive form.

regards it as much more effective 9. N otiees of articles of a mission-

ary character found in secular maga- obeying our Lord's command to pray zines or papers, and chapters of es- for laborers that should not be omitpecial interest in missionary books. ted. That this day, so sacredly ob- served in days gone by, is still ob- 10. Late neWs from the mission served in a majority of colleges, is field, clipt from missionary maga- a matter for rej oicing ; that it has lost zines, accompanied by pictures, if so much of its early significance and possible. power, is a cause for sorrow.

WILL ACT AS BEST MAN AT THE In one of the older Eastern col- WILSON WEDDING leges that has an enviable record for the number of ministers and mis- DR. W. T. GRENFELL. sionaries that in its early days were Special Dispatch to Commercial Tribune. trained within its walls, the number of those who enter the sacred calling NEW YORK, Oct. .3I.-Dr. Wilfred T. for either pastoral or missionary ser- Grenfell, medical miSSIOnary to the fisher- vice is now quite small. An elect men of Newfoundland and Labrador, has lady whose father waS for more than arrived here. He will act as best man at 40· years pastor of what was rethe wedding of Miss Jessie Wilson, daugh- garded as the college church, and ter of President Wilson, to his friend, who has herself been in close touch Francis B. Sayre, at the Nhite House next with the college during a large part month. Dr. Grenfell has known President of its history, was asked if she Wilson's prospective son-in-law for many could give any reason for the falling years. Mr. Sayre was secretary to the mis- off. Without a moment's hesitation, sionary in Labrador and has also con- she replied: "It is due almost entributed largely to the mission fund. tirely to the fact that we no longer observe the Day of Prayer for Col- The Day of Prayer for Colleges leges as we used to do. There used to be long seasons of pr.ayer in the January 22, the day of prayer for college chapel and aU-day meetings colleges, affords an opportunity for for fasting and prayer in almost all the churches. We asked God to raise up ministers and missionaries among the students and He did it."

In view of the great need oi laborers, not only on the mission field, but in the homeland where there are so many pastorless churches, mis- sion~ry organizations of all kinds would do well to keep the day, if not in special session, at least by appoint- ing a prayer-hour to be kept by the members in private at home.

"Ye have not because ye ask not.·' EDITORIALS MISSIONARY PUBLICITY Asia. This directory may be ob- MODERN inventions and modern tained free of cost to travelers in methods are being more and the East by writing to one of the more harnessed to the chariot of Missionary Boards. The small vol- God in the interests of missionary ume contains much of real interest progress. Formerly a few interested and value to every traveler and gives friends met at the wharf to say fare- besides a list of the various mission- well to one or two devoted souls ary agencies and activities in the who with "their lives in their hands principal cities of Asia and Egypt. and their hearts in their throats" :his publicity will no doubt greatly went valiantly forth into the lands 1l1crease the demands upon mission- of darkness and death. To-day aries but it should also help forward there are farewell receptions, dinners the work they are doing. and conferences where hundreds say God-speed to parties of from twenty The missionary light is not "hid to one hundred out-going mission- under a bushel" and the things that aries. Then long, weary, lonely these men and women are doing are journeys, full of danger and discom- not done so much "in a corner" as fort marked the pathway of those they were 50 years ago. To-day who were going out "to prepare the way of the Lord." Recently a everyone may know, if he will, of special car was chartered to carry missionaries from Chicago to San the real character and value of Francisco and on one Pacific Mail the missionary's service to mankind. S. S. company's vessel there were Their manner of life, the character fifty-seven missionaries-one-fourth and results of their work, the nature of the first cabin passengers-outward of the native Christians and the ex- botlnd for the Orient; and no one tent of Christian missionary influence suggested that their presence brought are manifest. Results in political, so- ill-luck to the steamer! The Presby- cial, intellectual and physical as well terian Board alone sent out nearly as in religious life show the power of Chri:;t. To-day he who runs may read and he who reads may run and tell the news to others.

roo new and returning missionaries last year and over 40 have g'One out THE LOUIS MEYER FUND under the Christian and Missionary I Alliance-an undenominational so- T is contrary to our rules to pub- lish appeals for individuals how- ciety only 25 years old. These num- bers as well as the high quality of ever deserving and needy they may the men and women going out have be. We cannot refrain, however, of COurse attracted considerable atten- from calling attention to the fund for tion on land and on the sea. the family of our late esteemed co- Another modern advance in the in- editor, Dr. Louis Meyer. His de- terest of publicity has been the plac- voted and self-sacrificing life may ing of missionary libraries on board lead many of God's stewards, and of steamships bound for the Orient. others blest by his ministries, to help Now a new step has been taken in supply the pressing needs of the the publication of a "Tourist Direc- yidow and orphans. It is through tory of Christian Work in the Chief human channels that the Heavenly Cities of the Far East, India and Father cares for His suffering chil- Egypt." This is an excellent idea dren. Friends may correspond with and leaves the traveler no excuse Mrs. C. T. Rounds, treasurer of the for ignorance of the amount and fund, 1425 Solon Place, Chicago, character of missionary work in Illinois. TOPICS FOR 1914 July- The Islands of the Sea and – MANY readers of the REVIEW de- Australasia. sire a list of monthly topics Arctic Missions, Alaska, Lab- rador, etc. that will help them in their programs Sunday-school Missions. for meetings during the year. Some excellent suggestions in this line will Augl1st- be found in OJ,l.r Department of Best Papal Europe. Methods this month. The news of Roman Catholicism. the Kingdom is so varied and chang- ing, and the March of Events so Immigrants in America. rapid that we can not predict the Bible Distribution. leading topics that will be treated each month. It is our plan, however, September- to cover the world field during the Japan, Korea, Formosa. year and to give prominence month Shinto. by month to the various mission Medical Missions. fields, the religions and the methods Young People's Societies. and problems of missionary work .at The American Indians. home and abroad. As a general guide to these topics we publish the October- following monthly tOpics: Moslem Lands. Islam. January- Laymen's Missionary Nork. The World Wide Survey. Christian Literature. A Review of the Year. The Church at Home. November- Literature of Missions. South America. Frontier Missions m Amenca. February- Voman's Vork. The Chinese Republic. The Mormons. Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. Confucianism and Taoism. December- Orientals in America. Russia and Greece. Greek, Armenian and other March- Mexico, Central America, Oriental Churches. Vest Indies. The Jews and Judaism. City Missions and Social Ser- Missionary Finance. vice. This list of topics may also serve The Anti-Vice Crusade. to suggest the date for articles sub- Unoccupied Fields. mitted to the REVIEW for publication. Ve welcome all such contributions April- and will give them as prompt atten- India, Burma, Ceylon. tion as possible, returning those un- used and paying ·for those accepted. Hindustan, Jainism, etc. Articles fo!' publication should reach the Editor not less than two months Educational Missions. in advance of the desired date of May- pu blicatiol1. Siam, Laos, Malaysia. The types of articles most desired Buddhism. Missions to Lepers: are those that show signs of mission- Philanthropic Agencies, Re- ary progress, new and successful lief Work. methods of work, special needs and problems, life stories of missionaries June-· and native Christians, practical me- Africa and Madagascar. thods of arousing and interesting the Fetishism and Animism. churches at home, inspiring incidents Neg-roes in America. Industrial Missions. and examples, and the true character of non-Christian religions as re- vealed in their literature, religious customs and practical results.

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MISSIONARY NEWS Interdenominational Cooperation there will be given a favorable response. In this connection, mention ONE of the most pleasing features should be made of the joint action which is being carried on at the train- . of foreign missionary enterprise ing college for Indian Christian women in Calcutta, where lady work- 1ll recent years is the growing interde- ers, quite irrespective of ecclesiastical differences, are working most happily nominational cooperation, and that together."

~ithou~ 0e sacrifice of any distinc- tive princIples. The Christian World of London, speaking moofstthries cemnat t tienr~ says: "One of the stances of this sensible and economical What a Dollar Will Do rapprochement appears in the decision LITTLE Allen was keenly inter- of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ested in the experience of a rela- to unite with the Baptists in the theo- tive of the family who had been lo~ical classes of the Calabar College, fifteen years in India. He wanted to Kmgston, Jamaica. This, following help, but he had so little. He won- upon the opening of Serampore Col- dered what a dollar would do. The lege in India to all sections of Chris- missionary soon returned to her home.

tians, both as to its teaching staff and He would send her the dollar and its students-a step of which .advant- ask her .what it could do. After a age is being duly taken-is certainly time he received a reply showing all to the good. The most remarkable "what a little boy's doIIar did" in case of this cooperation is, in the having paid for the IJfinting of copies opinion of many, to be found in Delhi, of the following circular: where Anglican missionaries have not 1. Keep a child from starving for 50 only handed over a hostel to the Bapt- days.

ist missionary, but have invited him 2. Feed and clothe an orphan for 25 to take part in the work of their col- days.

lege and to give Scripture teaching. 3. Pay for the education of an orphan In China, too, for some time, with for 25 days.

. every satisfaction, the Baptist Mis- 4. Feed a poor widow for a month.

sionary Society and the Ameri- 5. Furnish a teacher for untaught children 2 weeks.

can Presbyterian missions have 6. Send out a Bible woman for 2 weeks acted together in the Theological when she may brighten 50 homes and and Normal College in Ching Chu Fu, 200 souls.

and at Wei Hsien and Chi-Nan-Fu, 7. Send out an evangelist for 1 week who may reach at least 14 villages and 1,400 souls. . Baptists and Angelicans have joined 8. Send out a colporteur with the Bible in the arts and medical institutions. for 12 days. On the Kongo also the English and 9. Buy 50 copies of the Gospel in any American Baptists are working to- language.

gether in the native training college 10. Buy 12 New Testaments in any at Kimpese. Another illustration of language. 11. Buy 3 Bibles in any language. this cooperation is presented in a pro- 12. Se~ in motion incalculable influposal to establish a united steamer ences. transport for Protestant missions on Why Give to Missions Weekly? the Kongo, an appeal having been REV. A. F. McGARRAH gives the made to the Baptist Missionary following five reasons for weekly Society to undertake the task, an giving to missions: appeal to which, if practicable,

I. It is scriptural. It is an act of The Divine Will is there, the one worship and should be a part of each principal purpose in the affairs of public service. Ps. ¢: 8. mankind. The only thing lacking is the instrument, which must be the 2. It is of untold advantage to the Church. When each one, and all in giver. Brings him into a closer and the Church, shall find that "spirit of more vital fellowship with his Lord wisdom," the spirit of willingness and Savior; makes business a spiri- and of "a sound mind," that shall tual service; leads to more earnest give all gladly, being "rich toward consideration of other duties to his God," and shall be able to receive needy brothers; causes larger interest bountifully and ready to administer in and more study of missions; stirs wisely, then shall great opportunities up to more diligent and more earnest find us ready to meet them simply, prayer; proves a moral help against gratefully, grandly! dishonest business methods during the week (for who dare offer God NORTH AMERICA that which is unclean?); causes an increase of the ease of giving; and Salvation Army Progreas means increased prosperity for the giver. T HE recent visit to America of General William Bramwell Booth 3. It is of great aid to the minister. calls attention to the wonderful Because it does away with appeals and growth of the Salvation Anny. Gendiscouragements at their frequent eral Booth is the leader of an army, failure. which with its affiliated agencies, numbers over a hundred thousand 4. It is desirable for the Church. men and women. By his authority Enables the rich and the poor to give some 82 periodicals are issued, scores according to their ability, and causes of industrial homes and schools, shelan increase in benevolence from 100 ters for women and children, hotels to 500 per cent.; gives it a right to for men, and farms for the "down the blessings promised, for obedience and out" are maintained. The Salvato scriptural principles and methods. tion Army has an annual revenue from its industries and from volun- 5. It is almost imperative jar the tary contributions of $30,000,000. welfare of the missionary cause. Like his father, the present Gen- The Real Difficulty eral Booth is what may be called a benevolent despot. The property and W E think in such large figures the policy of the Army, even the de- now-a-days that the title of a termination of his successor, are unrecent article in The Christian Intel- der his absolute control. ligencer "Why Do We Not Have $100,000,000 for Missions?" is not so Bible Teachers' Training·school and startling as it would once have been. The writer, indeed, says that we Missions should have $500,000,000, and outlines a possible distribution of such T HE Bible Teachers' Trainingan amount, showing that the field school of New York has been could absorb, and find good use for, taken as a model by the Nanking such a sum. The only reason why School of Theology, the Fuchau the Church does not have such large Union Theological School, and the amounts of money at her command Memorial Bible School of Seoul, must be that she can not be trusted Korea. It is a school that emphasizes with them. The need is there, for a thorough knowledge of the Bible the Gospel was given for all and and a practical use of its teachings in these have it not. The means are Christian work. Missionaries 'On furthere, within the Divine power; and we lough or in course of preparation atmight easily figure that they are, even tend the school, and a strong student now, in the hands of the Church. volunteer band of about fifty has been

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organized. Missionary lectures are land purchases, etc., total $500,000; given, and there are now on various but this is the equipment for 31 staforeign fields 302 former students of tions, hundreds of out-stations, and this school. makes possible more efficient and far- Student Volunteer Convention reaching' work of the presenL force of T HE next quadrennial convention of missionaries. . the Student Volunteer movement is to be held in Kansas City, Mo., De- Much, therefore, is still to be done cember 3I, I9I3, to January 4, I914. in the remaining year and a half of the carnraign.

These conventions have always been The Methodist Missionary Funds gatherings of remarkable inspiration METHODIST Episcopal benevoand power. Two thousand ,or more lence has now reached $5,000,- students gather from all North Amer- 000 a year. It is divided among: the ica and speakers of national and inter- Board of Foreign Missions, $1,500,- national reputation bring messages 000; the women's foreign work, from the Word of God and from the $92 5,000; the women's home work, world of God. The general secretary $7°0,000; the general home work, $I,- is Mr. F. P. Turner, 600 Lexington 400,000; and the balance made up Ave., New York. by the smaller societies. At the The Presbyterian China Campaign meeting of the Foreign Board held in November, it was shown that re- T HE Presbyterian Board over a ceipts for regular work last year year ago undertook a three-year were about $50,000 more than the campaign for funds and men, which preceding year, and a debt of $138,- should enable the Board to send out 000 was reduced to one of $90,000. a hundred new missionaries, and add The women gave to foreign work needed equipment for the efficiency and increase of the work. last year $110,000 more than on any previous year. Converts on the so- The committee in charge reported called heathen fields are giving toto the General Assembly last May that ward their own support $850,000 "more than $300,000 have already a year. It was decided at this meetbeen pledged, and about forty men and ing of the foreign board to send adwomen have oftered themselves to go ditional missionaries at once into to ,China. The China campaign as Mexico, and try to prevent further carried on last year not only did not uprisings. interfere with the other benevolences Rescue Mission; Unite of the Board, but so far as can be I judged from the testimony of pas- Nmost cities the work of rescue tors and elders in whose churches the missions has been conducted on campaigns were held, were a great independent lines and has centered spiritual benefit to the Church and around the personality of the leader.

community." But the passion for organization, It should be noted, however, that, which is one of the distinctive fea- deducting vacancies filled, and the tures of our time, has taken posses- number needed each yeai" by way of sion of leaders in this line of ser- reenforcement, the additions to the vice also, and the latest "Interna- staff are only about twenty, or one- tional Union" is one of Gospei Mis- fifth of the new missionaries re- sions. This took form in N ew York quired. City last aut1:imn, and Mr. Sidney The requests from the China mis- 'Whittemore was elected president.

sions for property equipment, includ- Representative mission workers ing school, academy, college and semi- from the principal cities of the nary buildings, churches and chajJels. United States and Canada make up institutional churches and evangelistic the board of trustees, and il is headquarters, hospitals, residences, planned to hold a convention 111

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next spring. A Campaign Against Polygamy Local federations are also being or- THE United States Congress is at ganized. The main object of the last confronted with a compre- Union is to arouse the churches to a new and deeper interest· in this hensive and unavoidable issue on the form of Christian effort. As one of question of polygamy. Congressthe leaders puts it, "the workers in man Gillett of Massachusetts has Gospel missions do, in a special and offered in the house an "eighteenth amendment" to the national constipeculiar way, represent some of the tution in the following form: fundamentally distinctive features of the Christian religion." "Section I. Polygamy shall not exist within the United States or Moral Victories in Texa. any place subject to their jurisdic- tion. HE ministers in the churches of T Austin, Texas, haye achieved a "Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apgreat moral victory over commercial- propriate legislation."

ized vice in their city, which is hav- The legislation required to stamp out polygamy is a matter to coning the effect of a moral revival sider later; the thing in view now is to make sure of bringing the whole throughout the state. The united subject under federal jurisdiction.

Protestant pastors conducted a pub- Noone will dare oppose this prin- ciple; even in Utah, in the present licity campaign of newspaper ad- state of public sentiment, the Mor- mons themselves will not dare say vertising quite on the lines made fa- openly that this is a bad addition to the constitution. Undoubtedly they miliar in Atlanta, backing these ap- hope for a time when they could fight such a proposal openly and dipeals to public sentiment by much rectly, but at present they would venture nothing more than arguing preaching on the subj ect and by that it is not necessary.

mass meetings in the churches. Sus- The effective answer to that argu- ment "It is not necessary," is not in tained by a bare majority of the proof that the Mormons are practis- ing polygamy, but rather that they council, the mayor issued an order teach that polygamy is the Ideal marriage state, and that they exclosing the vice resorts of the town pect eventually to obtain the legaliza- tion of it. October 1st. To fortify the city The Call to Indian Students against the danger of a reaction, the THE American Indian delegates ministers have secured the coopera- at the World's Student Chris- tion of influential laymen in the tian Federation at Mohonk last June sent out the following call to Indian organization of the Austin Anti- students in North American schools and colleges: Vice League, which already has a "Ve earnestly express as our conmembership of hundreds, rapidly in- viction, attested by the knowledge of our respective tribes and our several creasing. • personal experiences, that the one fundamental need of the Red Men All this development of sentiment 'is Jesus Christ; that the Indian race will achieve a greater glory or will in Austin has attracted attention in other cities of Texas, and in Dallas the Council of Churches has had a busy time with the fight on the "reservation." In the summer it in- vited before it the police commis- sioner and discust with him the abolition of the district set aside by the city commission for vice. He refused to abolish it." The council gave him and the city notice that the first work of the churches this autumn would be a battle royal on legalized vice. That battle has stirred the city and it has resulted in doing away with what has been a long-established institution.

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vanish from the earth according as had a monopoly of the island for it receives or rejects Jesus Christ; nearly 400 years.

that in Him only is to be found that SPANISH AMERICA. power that saves from the vices, greed, gross materialism, and selfish- A Notable Convert from Romani.m.

ness of modern civilization, and that B0 R N in Spain, for over 30 leads to the glory of a blameless years a Franciscan monk, now a Indian womanhood and manhood. Presbyterian missionary to his na- tive land-this is the outline of the "In view of these indisputable life story of Dr. Juan Orts Gonfacts we bid every Christian student zalez. He was one of the distinto stand with us, and to take heart guished scholars of his church, for as never before. And we call upon seven years president of a college, all Christian agencies working in and the recipient of unusual honors Indian student centers to strengthen and privileges. Among these was their hands in the endeavor to lead permission to read prohibited books. students to a personal adherence to His reading led him to question Jesus Christ and to foster all in- some of the main doctrines of Rofluences working for a settlement of manism, and further doubts were Indian problems along the lines of created by the discovery through Christian statesmanship."

Missionary Giving of a Canadian travel and study that far from Church Roman Catholic countries only be- T HE Sherbourne Street Methodist ing truly civilized and really pros- church of Toronto, Canada, sets perous and happy, as he had been a noble example by contributing readily persuaded to believe, both in the past and to-day the Roman twice as much to missions as to Catholic religion has always been accurrent expenses during the year companied "by the ignorance, poverty, decadence and ruin of the peoples ending September 30, 19I1: Total which have profest it, and that the for local church pttrposes, $12,075·- Protestant religion, on the contrary, 16; total for direct missionary work, $20,004.02; total for city mission- has been associated with the pros- perity, civilization, and uplift of ary and extension work, $2,104.21; every country and nation which has total for connectional funds (edu- followed its doctrines." cational, superannuation, etc.), $2,- 678.80; total, $36,806.1g. The fig- This remarkable man was so in earures giv.en above do not include nest about attaining to holiness and building fund subscriptions, nor pri- peace that for more than ten years vate givings to educational or be- he whipt himself daily except SUlJ.- nevolent work. The report shows day or holy days until the blood a decrease of $1,000 in current ex- came. In a recent article in The penses and an increase of over $2,- Continent, he draws attention to 000 to benevolences over the pre- what he believes to be a serious danvious year. ger.

Churches in Porto Rico There is already in the air not A C H U R C H c ens u s of both only the possibility but the strong Pro t est ant and Romanist probability of an American Roman churches in 23 municipalities, con- Catholic federation, beginning with taining 40 per cent. of the popUlation Canada and extending to the end of of the island, shows a total Romanist Patagonia.

attendance of 8,094; of Protestant, Catholic papers and Catholic bish- 8,870, an excess of 776 in favor of ops have often spoken in the highest the Reformed churches. Protestant terms of praise of such a policy and mission work is hardly 10 years of have indorsed it heartily. If a po- age, while the Church of Rome has litico-religious federation is formed,

then 110t only will every Protestant The English Church Army movement in Spanish America be THIS organiz.ation, patterned after crusht but even in this country the SalvatIon Army, is little Protestantism will be handicapped and the nation become entangled. more than 30 years old, yet it has so grown as to require 40 secretaries The Papacy in Brazil in its five-storied headquarters. Its annual budget amounts to $920,000. THE Correia Paulistano, a morning Its 400 evangelists and officers and . paper. of Sao Paulo, Brazil, pub- its 300 sisters work in cooperation hs~~~ on Its front page some scathing with the state church. Seventy cntlC1sms of the abuses which have preaching vans of the Church Army overtaken the Roman Church in cross England in all directions. In Brazil. They are the more striking London it carries on homes for outwhen their source is considered. casts, and similar institutions in 35 provincial cities. In its charge are "Catholicism has a great advantage numerous other institutions: a model over Protestantism in having an exter- farm for out-oF-works, homes of nal worship. External worship is as various description, numerous disnecessary to religion as scenery is to pensaries, a hospice for tuberculous the drama; but everything in this life children, etc. The Army is thoroughis liable to transformation and de- ly evangelical in character. It terioration. Perhaps, only in Portu- preaches the need of a real re-birth, guese Africa, under the influence of of holiness in heart and life. From the burning Libyan winds, is it pos- it the parish clergy are provided with sible to find devotion so sincere, and experienced evangelists, colporteurs, at the same time so noisy, as in Brazil. nurses and women misisonaries. It is incredible that in a city which calls itself highly civilized, the police and its authorities permit festivities AEnlisting the Young for Work which have nothing religious about WESLEY GUILD in England them, and only serve to augment the has reached a membership of criminal register." (iS2, with a junior guild of 500 boys EUROPE and girls. The lookout committee T A Wealeyan Centennial has mapped out every part of the HE British vVesleyans have been church and assigned a definite task celebrating the beginning and to each worker. No stranger ever progress of their foreign missionary gets away without an invitation to work. The beginning was a hundred attend the guild meeting. The whole years ago, and the record of achieve- neighborhood has been visited. As ments through the century was a soon as the Sunday-school boys and just and adequate cause of rejoicing. girls reach the age fixt for enter- The celebration had been planned to ing the guild they are welcomed and include a great gathering at Vest- made to feel at home. The junior minster in the new Central Build- guild is, of course, the great feedingings, and a simultaneous celebration ground of the older society.

in all the districts and circuits 'fHE CONTINENT throughout the land. It was ar- Protestantism in Europe ranged that on Sunday evening at 7 o'clock, the congregations in all the HE report of the Continental chapels, from Wesley's in London T Mission to the Irish General As- to the tiny wayside chapel in the re- sempIy says this about the progress motest hamlet, should bow for a of Protestantism on the Continent: moment in silent prayer, and then "The French Protestants have now rise to sing: "All hail the power of surmounted the temporary acute dif- Jesus' Name," to the tune "Miles ficulties created by the Separation Lane." Act, dissolving the connection be-

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tween Church and State:. . . They He is one of the most brilliant and have now a considerably larger in- successful writers of the present day, come from the free will offerings of as his book, entitled, "The Quest of the members than they formerly re- the Historical Jesus," witnesses. Havceived from the State. . . . Evan- ing had the matter of becoming a gelistic work is being carried on missionary upon his mind for some more extensively and vigorously time, he studied medicine, and has than hitherto. . . . And a farther now gone at his own expense to the and cheering factor in the situatiofl French Kongo-his work, while indeis that more and better men are of- pendent, to be closely affiliated with fering themselves for education for that of the Paris society. The funds the ministry. which are supporting Dr. Schweitzer have been secured through his gifts as "In Italy the influence of Protest- a musician. He is known throughout antism is seen, not merely in the Germany as a brilliant organist, and members enrolled in the different perhaps the greatest authority upon churches, but also in the spread of the music of Bach. The British spiritual life, and of a ·desire for re- Weekly speaks of him as ."a tall, form inside the Church of Rome. broad-shouldered man in the late thir- The cultured Italian modernists find ties, powerfully built. He has a pleastheir spiritual nourishment in Protest- ant dark eye, dark hair, worn rather ant literature; our latest books are short, with no suggestion of the diletto be found in their private libraries, tante, features blunt but well cut, with either in their original language or the strong chin of the man of action; in translations; and in their writings, the whole personality keenly alive and in their sermons, in their modernis- magnetic." tic utterances, the influence of French Protestant literature, es- Hospital Pledged for Albania pecially, is evident." REFERENCE was made in the Moral Decline in France December number of the RE- VIEW to the great opportunity be- A GROUP of Frenchmen declare fore the American Board in Al- ,," that a brutal appetite for bania, and it is a cause for thallks- . pleasure has been intensified in giving that some steps are being France; that scandals, crimes, sui- taken to meet it. At the annual cides and madness have multiplied. meeting of the American Board in They have posted statements to this Kansas City Miss Ellen M. Stone effect with reasons for the decline of pleaded for the Board to take postheir national power, on walls session of Albania in the name of throughout their country. They Christ. Learning that the Prudenstate that in the past few years more tial Committee had authorized the than 350,000,000 obscene papers and raising of a fund of $65,000 for pamphlets and IO,OOO,OOO filthy postal pushing the work in Albania, with cards and photographs have been cir- trembling voice she said: "This is culated in France. Besides these, it just the sum you paid for my reis said that thousands and thousands lease when I was captured by brigof excitements to debauchery from ands. You paid $65,000 to save one music halls, cafe chantants and real- American woman. Will you not do istic plays, have contributed to this as much to save a nation?" It was awful condition. If "we sow the a thrilling moment. wind we shall reap the whirlwind." After an address by Rev. C. T. A German Scholar as Missionary Erickson, of Albania, a home mis- siona,ry pastor from North Dakota RELIGIOUS and academic circles arose and headed a movement to in Europe are deeply stirred by raise $10,000 to build a Christian the going out to Africa of the famous hospital in Albania. The following German scholar, Dr. Albert Schweitzer.

cable message was sent from the cussion of questions of curriculum, meeting to the Albanian Govern- training of teachers, the use and abuse ment: of text-books, physical training, com- ity, salaries, relations with the govern- "Kaimal Bey, President, Avlona. ment, and Sunday-school work. The American Board of Missions in annual meeting assembled, profound- The Les.oD of the Balkan War ly sympathizes with Albania. May God speedily send peace, prosperity MR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, and the triumph of national right- a missionary in Syria for 30 eousness. A modern hospital pledged years, speaks with authority of con- for Albania." ditions in that part of the world. He says, in a recent letter: "While each The following reply was received: nationality has had its champions to "American Board of Missions, Bos- uphold the one and defame all 'the ton. Thanks for dispatch. Please rest, it is more than certain that present the gratitude of the Albanian everyone of them has a story of people and government to the Ameri- barbaric crime and outrage. But it can Board for past and future fa- is equally certain that some have re- vors. Ismail Kemal, President of ceived much more of the blame than Provisional Government of Albania." they deserve. The Greeks have done the most looting and burning, the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Servians next.

Planning a Campaign "There is one lesson (of the Bal- kan War) written large for all who As a result of an educational con- are interested in Protestant Missions. ference in Beirut, Syria, in Austrian, Russian, and Turkish in- 191I, the Missionary Educational fluence have done their best and Union of Syria and Palestine has been their worst to keep Protestant mis- formed. The aim is to afford oppor- sions out of the Balkans. Austria tunity for cooperation among educa- has represented the most cruel and tional workers in these lands. The des pot i c influences of Roman first regular meeting was held in J eru- Catholicism. Russia has represented salem July 31, August I and 2, with the most archaic form of the Chris- the Rev. W. S. Nelson, of the Ameri- tian Church, while Turkey has for , can Presbyterian Board, as chairman, centuries represented the undying and Prof. W. H. Hall, principal of hostility of Islam to these con- the Syrian Protestant College, as sec- quered yet forever rebellious provin- retary. Later, officers were elected ces. These converging and hostile under the constitution adopted for a influences playing upon the confused term of two years, as follows: Mar- tangle of races, religions, languages, shall N. Fox, of the Friends' Mission, and century-old blood feuds, have chairman, and Miss M. C. Warburton, produced a seething mass of warring of the British Syrian Mission, secre- aspirations and expectations that tary-treasurer. The British Syrian defy the best effort of civilized Mission Schools, Church Missionary Europe to separate or reconcile Society, Church of Sootlan<;l. Mission them." to the Jews, Danish Mission in the Orient, Dufferin and Proctor Memor- From none of these peoples or ial Schools, Friends Foreign Mission governments can we expe~t much Association, Irish Presbyterian Mis- but opposition to Protestant missions. sion, J ebail Settlement, Jerusalem and the East Mission, London Society for A Constantinople Y.M.C.A. Promotion of Christianity among the Jews, Presbyterian Board, Syrian A YOUNG "'MEN'S CHRISTIAN Protestant College and a number of ASSOCIATION has recently other missions and schools were rep- been opened in Pera, Constantinople, resented. The subjects included dis- and is meeting a long-felt need, as is evidenced not only by the verbal

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assurances of scores of men but also undertakings; for building~; for by the way they come to the rooms home expenses; and last, but by no and use the various privileges. There means least, for philanthropic and is scarcely an evening hour in the humanitarian service especially in week when some class 01' literary emergencies of famine and plague, society is not in session. There are there has passed not less than $10,- already 64 men enrolled in the En- 000,000.

glish classes, which meet four times The Transformation Wrought a week. Several men are enrolled for classes in French, German, Tur- T HE change is not so much of in- dividuals as of the whole popukish, Greek and English and French lation-their style of living, their stenography. moral and social ideals, their capacity for progress. Hinduism itself is un- The Association might lay a fair dergoing a transformation. It is reclaim to the term "Cosmopolitan" as verting to all that is noble and great there are no less than I I nationali- in its ancient religious literature. The ties included in its membership. Most determining factor in selection from that vast mass of sacred books is of these members find in the reading room papers and magazines in their evidently the presence of Christianity own languages.-The Orient.

INDIA and the recognition of a Christian What Indian Missions Have Cost standard. The most popular religious book in India to-day is the Bhaga- A CCORDING to Rev. R. A. vad-Gita; and this beautiful poem Hume, it is absolutely impossible has been called out of its obscurity to give any exact or even any ap- and neglect because it offers a sin- I proximately adequate estimate of gular parallel to the main idea of what amount of money has come to Christianity. Krishna is presented India through 41 American and as the incarnation of Brahma, call- Canadian missionary organizations. ing his worshipers to himself, and But the pioneer organization which promising them, by way of contemleads in celebrating this hundredth plation and devotion, eternal life. anniversary of the coming of the Happily, the poem contains much first American missionaries, viz., the beautiful teaching. To have induced American Marathi Mission, is able to India to make the Bhagavad-Gita the make a fairlv correct pecuniary popular scripture of educated men is statement. Th~ books of its treasur- one achievement of Christianity.- er show that through the hands of the representatives of this single DR. HAIGH. American organization, for the di- A Remarkable Testimony from India T verse items of expense for outfit, HE late Maharajah of Travan- core had the reputation of being passage, support and furloughs of missionaries; for the training and one of the most learned of all mod- employment of large numbers of In- ern Hindu princes. When a young dian agents, largely Christian, yet, man, he used to give lectures to partly non-Christian; for direct spiri- the young men of his own country.

tual work; for many scores of edu- Altho he himself never accepted cational institutions of many grades Christianity, yet he said these strik- in which tens of thousands of Chris- ing words about the Bible: "Where tian and non-Christian boys and girls do the English people get their have received a sound education; for knowledge, intelligence, cleverness a large amount of original and trans- and power? It is their Bible that lated literary work in books, maga- gives it to them; and now they bring zines, newspapers, tracts, etc., etc.; it to us, translate it into our lan- for hospitals, dispensaries, and guage, and say, 'Take it, read it, ex- varied work; for advanced industrial amine it, and see if it is not good.'

They do not force it upon us as of the new bridge at Sara, Governthe Mohammedans did their Koran, ment was coIlecting six thousand but they bring it saying, 'This is children, whose heads were to be what raised us; take it and raise buried under the foundations. The yourselves.' Of one thing I am con- same report was current at the time vinced, that, do with it what we will, when the Jubilee bridge was being oppose it as we may, it is the Chris- built at Naihati; and has its origin in tian's Bible that will sooner or later the belief that the gods are angered work out the regeneration of our by the bridging of the river and the land."-The Bible in the W orId. interference with the current, and can only be appeased by sacrifice. A Oddities of Oriental Languages vehicle in which an unoffending Ben- gali was going to Howrah Station AN article in the Bible in the W orId, was stopt on a mere rumor that by Sir George A. Grierson, illus- he was a collector of children; he trates some of the language difficulties was beaten and the vehicle ruined. of the Far East. There are languages, iThen such reports can find accepsuch as Shan (used in Burma), in tance in Calcutta, what can be exwhich no word consists of more than pected in the rural districts!"- The one syIlable, so that one word has to do Harvest Field. duty for several ideas. The speakers help out the meanings of these words The Dancing Girl Cur8e in India by singing them, so that, to take an example, ma, ma, ma, ma, ma, m'eans THE attention of our readers has (if to be properly intoned), "Help the been drawn several times to the horse! A mad dog is coming." Hkai, laudable efforts of the British Govhkai, hkai, hkai, is sung so as to mean, ernment to improve the condition of HI wish to seIl mottled eggs"; and pa, the children in India, especially the pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, to mean, Aunt went girls (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19II, toward the jungle with fish slung on pp. 7II and 947). We are glad to her shoulder." notice that the question of Muralis or dancing girls attached to Hindu tem- Ignorant Opposition in Calcutta ples (who it is well known are almost without exception leading immoral T HE growth of universities in In- lives), is now engaging the atten- dia should not make us forget how tion of government. In South India small a proportion of the popUlation there are hundreds of Hindu temples is, after all, touched by the higher to which these devadasis or "hand education, and what a powerful hold maids of the gods" are attached in superstition has upon them. From large numbers, and any well-con- Calcutta, the home of the Bengali sidered step to reduce the baneful babu, who so boasts himself of his fruits of this hateful institution learning and his culture, comes the which is in no way connected with following item: Hinduism will be welcomed by the thoughtful section of the Hindu HAnticipating the Juvenile Offen- community. The Mysore governders' Act, the police last month took ment have banished dancing girls from the streets of Calcutta a nU111- from temple worship in the religious ber of children who were employed institutions throughout the state, and as beggars, cigaret sellers, etc., and nobody has ever sugge>'ted that the sent them to the Refuge, a home for action of that government was an the homeless poor of all creeds, interference with the religious usage castles and ages. This action was of the people, and there is no reason laid hold of by certain mischievous why what has been achieved in Mypersons as proof of the truth of a sore should be impossible of accomreport which has been in circulation plishment elsewhere in India. -that in order to ensure the stability

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Tibetans Seeking Knowledge tened w.ell to the Gospel." Mr. Podin FOUR Tibetan young men, sons held eight meetings and gave to each of high officials, and some Tibe- prisoner personally a New Testament. tan lads from Darjeeling, have sailed There were men among the prisoners to England, in charge of an English- who had never heard the story of speaking Tibetan, for education at Christ and Him Crucified, and all the government's expense. They will creeds and nationalities were represtay in England for ten years, sented. studying language, handicrafts and law. It is hardly more than a But the very next day he visited generation since similar notices could the second prison in Tomsk, with 908 be seen in our newspapers of Japan- inmates. It was of quite a different ese youth coming from their closed kind, with men who could not be let and isolated land. Ve observe also together, because among them were that a cinematograph company, fin- prisoners who had committed heavy anced and managed solely by Tibet- crimes. There were many, also, conans, has been organized at Kalim- demned to hard labor, hands and feet pong. It starts presently for Lhasa, in chains, who looked into a dark and giving exhibitions en route. Among hopeless future. There were women, the films is one of the English Coro- also, who had committed grievous nation. sins and crime. The story of Mr. Podin's visit to other prisons in Si- In Siberian Prison. beria reads similarly, revealing a dark picture of gloom and despair, into T HE reports concerning the state which fall the rays of hope and light of affairs and the treatment of from the Gospel which he preaches prisoners in Siberian prisons usuaUy to these men and women, and places speak of cruelty and barbarity, of . printed into the prisoners' hands. He utter desolation and hopelessness, so visited more than 23,000 Siberian that it is refreshing to read in Evan- prisoners in I9I I.

gelical Christendom of Mr. Adam CHINA Podin's visit to the great prison in Tomsk, in which he preached to about Union Movement in China P I,600 inmates. He says, "This prison RACTICAL progress has been made by the different denominacould be called the model prison of Russia, and perhaps it would not be tions in China toward union in re- too much to .'lay a model prison of ligions, educational, and humanitarian the world. The Governor was like a work. At Nanking, for instance, in father to his children. He was such central China, the ancient capital, the an inventor that he found work for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Dis- each one. They had factories within ciples have already united in all the prison, and their own electricity preparatory and college work, and -everything done by electric power. also in the theological and medical The best Dutch tiles made on the schools. The result is that better premises; brick-kilns where the best education is being furnished. The bricks are produced. They make their Baptists are planning to unite with own boots and shoes, weave all kinds the other bodies in the work at of cloth, and clothe 600 soldiers from Nanking.

head to foot. Besides, they have two In southern China the Methodists farms, where the criminals are work- and Congregationalists have already ing on the field. . The prison- united in their theological schools, ers are not guarded by soldiers, but and the Methodists and the Episco- all answer for one and for all. palians in the medical schools. In It works well, and they do not run western China the Baptists, Metho- away. The officials were thankfnl dists, and English Quakers have for my visit, and the poor men lis- united in all preparatory, college, 11or-

mal and professional work. In ed by fully 300 delegates. The parnorthern China the Methodists, Pres- ticipants came from distances rangbyterians, and Congregationalists are ing from 10 to 80 miles, and in planning to bring their theological various manners of conveyances. One schools together and in this region old lady, 83 years old, walked 2S all the missions have united in medi- miles to be present at the meeting. cal school work. Finally, as a re- She had been a Christian for more sult of the conferences held last than 3S years, and could not bear spring under Dr. Mott's leadership, to be absent. Others came by wheelall the Protestant missions in China barrow and some by the modern trains. have voted to unite, at as early a The spirit of the conference was date as practicable, in all educational deeply impressive, and after the wowork with the exception of the pri- men returned to their homes rumors mary schools.-The Outlook. began to come back of the work they were doing among their friends, How the Gospel .Transforms and neighbors. In one family-one of the most exclusive of the gentry T HE Mios, aborigines of southern of Weihsien–one of the young wo- China, were ten years ago un- men members, who is interested in speakable heathen-drunken and dis- Christianity, was allowed to attend solute. A great Christian movement the conference in a private room, and is changing the hearts of tens of thou- was greatly imprest. The attendance sands. Mr. Nichol, who is working of this young woman was a breakamong them, tells of "pig collections" ing of precedent, for this family for mission work, at which 174 were was one of those who do not aliow contributed by one. Christian commu- their women to go out to church or nity and driven to the market town, mingle in any of the new movements. bringing the total to date up to 300. She was deeply imprest by the ex- perience. To Be Known Only as Christians A Chinese Official's Bequest to Mi••ions W ORD comes from Peking that the Christians of that city have T HE financial evidences of Chrisalmost entirely eliminated from their tianity in a mission field are alvocabulary the denominational names ways impressive. Recently word has which the missionaries among them come that a Chinese gentleman has feel obliged to employ. No Chinese bequeathed his entire property to the speaks of a Methodist, Presbyterian, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Baptist, etc. The churches are called Society, with the stipulation that after by their location, "Church at Sec- his death it is' to be used for the ond Street," "Filial Piety Street," spread of the gospel in China. He etc. One of the Chinese Episcopal- has notified his brother in China to ians said frankly that the Chinese of act as executor for his property in their mission "would join hands with that country, to see that the proviother Christians, if their clergymen sions of his will are carried out. The did not object." name of this gentleman is withheld, for at the present time he is in Women's Conference in Weihsien America holding an important posi- tion under the Chinese Government. A L THO here and there a woman He is said to be a splendid type of has stood out strongly from Chinese Christian gentleman, well her sisters, the great mass of wo- educated, and able to speak three manhood in China has until recent Chinese dialects, as well as English. years borne very little public part INhen he was eight years of age his in religious life, but it is being in- father and mother became Christians. creasingly noted that the women are It is his desire and expectation, to coming to the fore. A women's conference held recently at Weihsien, in the Shantung province, was attend-

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return to China at the close of his ty years. In the evening over 1,200 present government service, and spend people assembled in the theater and the remainder of his life in preach- listened most quietly to the preaching the gospel to his own people. ing and Bible reading and when he left the next day besought him to ar- JAPAN-KOREA range for some help in the way of pastoral care. The fact that these The Gospel Power in Japan large numbers in a place without a resident pastor can be willing to ONE of our Methodist exchanges listen quietly to the preaching of the says: Gospel is a most encouraging fact and should quicken prayer. "The reports for the past year show success at almost every point. "M Korea'. Unrest There is not even one point devoid of ISSIONARIES are sometimes hope. Methodism has graduaIIy accused of creating unrest prest forward until we are now among the Korean people," writes second in membership among all the Rev. D. A. Bunker, a Methodist the Protestant denominations of the worker in Seoul. "And I fancy we empire. For the past year that part shall have to plead guilty. No OlriSof Methodism called the Nippon tian man or woman can come among (Japan) Methodist Church, formed this people as a teacher of higher by the' union of Canadian, Northern things without causing unrest. A and Southern Methodists, stands first thought of something higher, somein the number of baptisms. The sig- thing better to be attained, implanted nal success of the Church in Korea in the mind of an ignorant Korean for several years past has been a is a revolutionary germ. It takes matter of great reioicing throughout root. It transforms a life. The the Christian world. This past year germ multiplies and spreads. A our Church in Japan has gone ahead, neighborhood, a village, a county, a in results. of our Church, even in state, is stirred up, revolutionized. Korea. This wiII be an inspiration The process is inevitable. No power to our Church in America, for some all earth can stop it. It is God's of you had lost hope for Christianity way of leading His people out of a in Japan. I am credibly informed barren existence into the more abunthat it is stated in America that our dant life. There is no other way. Church has lost its opportunity in Yes, the missionaries are guilty of Japan. Do not believe it for one having said a lot of things which minute. The work has been diffi- have set the Koreans to thinking. cult-is stilJ difficult. No nation was VVe have stirred up a wide-spread ever easily Christianized." unrest, and hundreds of thousands who sitting in darkness were unable A Remarkable Incident. to see or think intelligently, are clamoring for admission into the T HE Bishop of Kiu-Shiu, the circle of progressive humanity." southern of the principal islands of Japan, in the course of a sermon The Korean Revival Continues in Nagasaki on June 8, said that during the previous six weeks he had ONE indication of the virility been enabled to preach to over 12,- of the cause is seen in the 000 people, and that at one place be- recent opening of the Central Prestween Kumamoto and Kagoshima byterian Church at Seoul. The basewhere there had been no missionary ment accommodates a day-school of or resident pastor for twelve years, 100 pupils, and has besides a prayerhis visit was welcomed by the mayor meeting room accommodating 300, and ex-mayor who profest them- The main floor will seat (in Korean selves as being baptized Christians. style) over 2,000, and at the dedica- They introduced him to thirty others, some having been believers for twen-

tion there were by actual count 2,- ing practical interest in philanthropy 108 people present. This church is and reform. At Fayoum $5,000 was not for Sunday use only. Already subscribed at one meeting toward the it has been used for sessions of the establishment of children's clinics, men's training class of 600 coming while at Beni-Suef, $7,000 was sub- in from the country around, and scribed for a similar object. taught in eight grades, and also for the women's winter class of 500. A Anglo-Egyptian Sudan During the sessions of these classes c. M. S. st(1tion was open~d by over 200 were provided with sleeping the Revs. A. Shaw, K.. E. accommodations on the premises. And Japan is friendly to the cause, Hamilton and E. C. Gore, among the as the presence of the Minister of Azandi tribe in February at Yambio, the Interior, the second official in 259 miles west of Gondokoro. These Korea, and the Minister of Educa- people are described as considertion, proclaimed on the day of dedi- ably higher in the scale of intellication. gence and civilization than the Nil- otic tribes. They wear clothes and NORTH AFRICA manufacture ingenious domestic im- plements and musical instruments. Material Progress in Egypt. They are very numerous and cover a vast area, exercising a dominating A DISPATCH from Cairo to the influence over surrounding tribes. New Yark Herald reviews the General Gordon appealed for the remarkable development in Egypt un- evangelization of these people. der recent British administration. New works in connection with irriga- EAST AFRICA tion, drainage, roads, etc., are in progress everywhere. In every part From an African Girl Df the country new roads are being constructed. A few years ago it T HE following is an extract from was not possible to automobile for a letter received by one of the more than twelve miles outside Cairo, teachers at the girls' school at Lovenow automobilists can drive to Alex- dale, South Africa: "The best of andria, H elouan, Sakhhara and other all that I can entrust you with is places. The physical condition of this, that I am now a true child of the native Egyptian is receiving care- God. Oh, what· bliss to have a ful attention. In addition to the heavenly fellowship 1 I never knew eye hospitals and general hospitals what is sealed up in giving your which have existed for some time heart to the Lord. N ow I enjoy there are now being established in doing my work, and also do I underthe provinces maternity hospitals, un- stand the responsibility of it. Now der the control of Dritish nurses, I can read my Bible with more unand special clinics for the prevention derstanding; I can pray as one speakand cure of ankylostomiasis (Egyp- ing to a father. So this i.s the chief tian anaemia), a malady which hith- and best part of my letter to you. erto has been allowed to affect great I hope you will be very glad, as I ravages among the industrious fel- myse1 f am. For I know even in laheen. In Cairo evidences of the heaven there was joy for a soul reextraordinary activity of Lord Kitch- turned from the wild." cner are to be seen everywhere, and the city in places has been completely An African King Lays a Corner-stone transformed during the summer months. Vealthy natives are not in- T HE King of Uganda, in native different observers in the great work costume, and attended by native which is carried OIL Tn most of the provinces they are saiel 1() he show- chiefs, on September 5th laid the foundation-stone of the Church Mis- c., sionary Society's new building in Salishnr}"csql1are, – E. he fore a

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large audience. It was recorded on At the new out-station Olama, 62. the stone that the ceremony was car- miles north of Lolodorf, So profest ried out by an African King-the Christ. Evangelistic spirit domill~,t"s first Christian King of Buganda. the Mission. Sir J 01111 Kennaway (president of the C. M. S.) received the King and his The engine and machinery for the chiefs. The stone -having been low- new saw-mill arrived safely at Elat ered, the King said: "In the faith and were duly place.d. From early of Jesus Christ we fix this stone." morning till late afternoon crowds of people came to see thi..,; "wonder." WEST AFRICA A great curiosity was a 28-foot well which the missionaries dug. "Who- Long Waiting for the Gospel ever heard of such a thing? If the white people say they are going to I Na town of the delta of Nigeria make water run up a tree I would missionaries found that the natives believe it and go to my town without bad long been waiting for their ar- even waiting to see if they do it," rival. For two years they had been were the words of an astonished bykeeping the Sabbath, and to aid their stander.-Presoyterian Bulletin. memories they had kept in their houses pieces of wood bored with Progress on the Kamerun seven holes in which they would insert a peg for each day as it passed. MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes They had a meeting every morning fr0111 Botange, Kamerun: "Our and repeated this quaint prayer: "Oh average number of baptism is 200, God we beg you, make you look but a year ago, our church was blown good to-day; make you no trouble down, and we had no class advanced. we, or do we any bad; we beg you, These 50 candidates this time were we beg you." How pathetic it was strays and left-overs. The week prethat these Nigerian negroes should ceding was a strenuous one. One for two years have been meeting item I forgot was that on that day regularly and offering prayer while 150 new confessions were made. waiting for someone to come to them :1any of these were the result of our with the message of light. village school teachers, as our evange- lists were here in schoo!. Now they A Live Work in West Africa have gone out, about 40 in all, and we hope for good harvests~the fields T HREE thousand have been taken are white. In spite of local churches into the catechumen class at Elat, and out-stations, we still have great Vest Africa, during the year. Sun- crowds at our communion services. day-school membership, 3,500; church The last one, on April 6, eclipsed all offerings for each month of the year, former records. These are the figover $100.00. Fifteen hundred boys ures: Present, 7,000, plus three overand girls in the day-school and 4,000 flow meetings; baptized, 51 adults and in 50 village schools. 14 babies; advanced, 392 (eligible for memhership in a year); collection, New station at Metet growing 700 plus marks (German), nearly rapidlY-370 enrolled in the school. $200; present enrolment (church), Extensive gardens planted, school- I,I08. At one out-station that day, house, church, storehouses erected. 2,000 were present; at the other one, At out-station 74 enrolled catechu- 1,000. mens; all fetishes given up. Many confessions. CENTRAL AFRICA Large audiences at Efulen and Lo- Communion in Central Africa loclorf. Many candidates for the lllini~try. Early morning prayer EYERY newly organized church meet1l1gs in villages conducted by COUllts its 1110St solemn service ~'Olll1g SellOO] hays-very large atten- that one when the members meet at dance. the Coml1111njon tahle. Dan Craw-

ford, the African missionary whose :;upervi:;e the carrying out of the law.

'fascinating book, "Thinking Black," The mission stations are not directly is rousing such enthusiasm, teIls how affected, but their work will naturally the converted chief of a heathen vil- be made 1110re difficult, if they are lage came to him one day saying, separated in this way from the ma- "Might not we celebrate together the jority of the natives,-Translated Feast of ,Memories?" Then, remem- fr0111 Der Missions Freund.

bering who makes the third when two are thus gathered together, the mis- Christian Teaching in Madagascar T sionary and the African chief, there HE French Administration in in the jungle, celebrated the Lord's Madagascar opened more than Supper. "vVe had an old battered 500 official schools between the years box upside down," says Mr. Craw- 1896 and I912, the majority of the ford, "and a mug minus a handle, teachers being trained in the Normal but what of that? Is it not written School maintained by the Governthat on all the vessels shall be 'holi- ment. The instruction is on modern ness unto the Lord'?" lines. However, hundreds of ele- Hungry for the Word mentary schools maintained by the missionaries have been closed, and FROM May, 19I2, to January, I913, .in many places no adequate Chris- 64 different delegations visited the tian education is provided for the American Presbyterian Mission on children of church-members, As the the Kasai, asking for Protestant Government standard of normal teachers for their villages, These training is exacting some special efcame from a radius of 500 kilometers forts need to be made to place and represe!'lt a population of I20,- the teachers in the Christian schools coo people who are successfully re- 011 a par with those in the official sisting the pressure of Romanist pro- schools. To meet this need, ·the paganda. The king of Bakuba, one five Protestant missions of various of the 1110St industrious and military nationalities are uniting to establish peoples of the Kongo, is urging his a joint Normal school at Antananpeople to attend Christian services arivo. Meanwhile the organization and to send their children to mission of the Sunday-schools is partly makschools, Translations of reading ing up for the lack of religious inbook, hy11111 book; and parts of the struction in day schools. Courses of Scriptures have already been made graded lessons and other helps are into Bakuba. used among some 500 churches in Imerina and -Betsileo. The large SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR day schools for boys and girls in Race Distinction in South Africa Antananarivo continue to flourish; T lIE Parliament of South Africa there are over 2,500 in these schools. has recently passed a law, from – T he Student rVo1"/d.

which it is to be feared there will No Color Line result not only great social changes, C but considerable hindrance to mission- HRIST died for yellow, black, white and brown. The bringing ary work. In the future the negroes are to be allowed to live with the of a yellow, black, or brown man into whites as servants and as industrial H is kingdom will cause just as deep workers, but in other matters a sharp a joy to well up in their hearts as line must be drawn between blacks ever welled up in heart of white and whites. The negroes must settle man. The joy in heaven over one in certain specified localities, and they sinner that repenteth is absolutely and the white men are not to be al- color-blind, and heaven is just as lowed to buy land from one another. near to the celestial empire or Dark- /. commission has been appointed, to est Africa or the Isles of the Pacific

as to the United States. "God's broke out, and developed into an country" is the whole round earth, organized attack upon the Chinese and not anyone section of it.-Chrzs- quarter, resulting in grave casualties tian World. and requiring the intervention of the military. OCEAN WORLD Evangelized Islands Moslem Activity in Java T HE withdrawal of a missionary T HE N eukirchen Missionsbote re- f rom a sphere of work is usual- ports the formation by the Mo- ly a matter for regret, but this can hammedans of Java of a "Sarekat hardly be the feeling in regard to Islam," or Islamic Association, 'whose the situation at Aneityum and Fuobject is to raise the Javanese com- tuna in the New Hebrides. Dr. mercially and economically, and to Gunn, the Scotch Presbyterian misplace the movement on a religious, sionary, has, along with his wife, i.e., Mohammedan, basis, as being Jone excellent work there for the the most binding force for the mass last thirty years. When they landed of the people. The association, in Futuna it was largely a heathen which is said to number already island without a Church-member. 3~ members, held its first gen- The natives have now abandoned eral meeting in March at Surakarta, heathenism and become a Christian the place of its origin, and was at- community. The evangelization of tended by thousands of members the islands has been accomplished from neighboring districts, as well as and Dr. Gunn has now asked the by a large number of delegates from Foreign Mission Committee to withdistant auxiliaries. It was stated draw him. He has done the work at the meeting that the aim of the he was sent to do. The Committee movement would be to promote the has agreed to his suggestion and has well-being of the natives of Dutch offered him a post in the Tral1skei. Indonesia and to further the Mo- tho it is possible that after his hammedan religion by means of the long labors in the islands he may press, the opening of cooperative retire and live in New South Wales. shops and direct propaganda. The The islands will henceforward be religious character of the movement supervised by the New South Wales is to be emphasized when dealing Church. with orthodox Mohammedans, while the natives generally are to be at- Islander's Church Costume tracted by the national note. If the movement should result in the T HE Rev. Philip Delaporte degrowth of freedom and independ- scribes some native laborers ence, it would render the people ftom the Truk Lagoon in the Caromore accessible for missionary pur- lines, who were working in the Marposes, and so far might be of ad- shall Islands. When their first pay vantage to the cause of Christian day arrived a suit of European gar- Missions; but in such case consider- ments was bought. After a while able reinforcements of the staff would this first suit became filthy and be needed both for evangelistic and dirty. Result! A second suit was educational work. The missionaries ·purchased with the next money who report this development regard earned and put on top of the first. it with some anxiety, and their at- "When I saw them they had just titude has been justified by recent covered the first two garments with occurrences. At Semarang, where a third edition. Proudly adorned the auxiliary numbers some 10,000 with three suits of clothes, a pair members, fierce religious excitement of Blucher boots and with their faces painted yellow, they came to church."

ON MISSION"S

AND MISSION LANDS ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles noble Stanislaus and the patient Kos- G. Trumbull. Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pp. ciusko were Poles. The story of Po- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., I9I3. land is a sad one, like the history of Palestine, but it has inspiration and There is nothing more thrilling or instruction for all. more heroic than this story of the battles for youth and purity fought To-day the Polish peasants are reagainst human beasts of prey. The ligious but ignorant. The customary physical courage 'displayed is only greeting with bared head is "Christ be second to the moral courage that praised," with the response, "For ever could not be intimidated either by and ever." They are slow to move and physical violence or by attacks on slow to change, so that they are crude character. but seldom vulgar. The women do much manual work and live hard, Mr. Comstock began his fight for others at eighteen years of age when cheerless lives. There is a quaint cushe hunted a mad dog in his home tom of painting hands on the wintown. He next took up the fight dow-casing of houses in which there against a dive-keeper, whose place are marriageable daughters. Christmas the boy raided single handed. The and holy week are great occasions, but smell of battle led him on to fur- the people as a whole have little real ther contests in behalf of the boys mental grasp of the Christian religion. and girls and he gradually acquired Jews are numerous and are hated by a national reputation as the foe of the so-called Christians. The reading all forms of soul-destroying vice. of Mr. 'Winter's volume will create Mr. Trumbull, the able editor of more sympathy for both Jewish and The Sunday-School Times, has graph- Catholic Poles. ically and impressively told the story of the man, his fights, his foes and THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By his victories. The character of those he seeks to put out of business Isaac Newton McCash. 12mo, 192 pp. is shown by their unscrupulous methods of attacks-the deadly con- $I.OO, net. Fleming H. Revell CO. 19I3. cealed weapons, the smallpox scabs sent by mail, the inshmating news- Dr. McCash, secretary of the Ameripaper paragraphs, and the threats against his family. It is a stirring can Christian (Disciples) Missionary story for old and young and should not only beget sympathy for the man Society, delivered these lectures in the and his work, but should raise up other fighters to continue the battle College of Missions at Indianapolis. to the finish. They give us a simple but practical, POLAND OF To-DAY AND YESTERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 8vo, 349 well-balanced survey of American pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page & Co. Boston, Home Missionary Endeavor, the ne- I913· glected fields, the problem of the cities, In attractive style, and with sympa- and the forces at hand for the Christhetic insight, this writer has described the romance and tragedy of Polish his- tian conquest of America and of the tory. It is a land of heroes, once free but now opprest and maltreated by world. He challenges the attention of Russia; the people looked down upon by Anglo-Saxons, who forget that the Christians to the important present- day problems and needs: A spiritual Church, a united Christian Army, and a Godlike statesmanship. .

FIFTY M1SSIONABY HEROES EVERY Boy AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- ston. 12mo, 221 pp. $1.00, net. Revell. 1913.

The word "Missionary" in front of the word "Hero" should give added zest to a boy's interest in these life stories. To physical daring is added York City. Others may obtain tbe moral courage and to a pioneer's ad- Directory, postpaid, for 2S cents.

.ventures are added persecution and a GOOSE CREEK FOLKS. By Isabel Graham noble purpose. A boy or girl must be Bush and Florence Lillian Bush. 224 pp.

indeed indifferent who will not be in- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New terested in such men as Ziesberger York, I9I2.

among the Indians or Melinda Rankin The mountains of Kentucky have among the Mexicans; and a child will been the favorite field for many story- be lamentably ignorant who knows not writers in quest of picturesque mate- the names and deeds of such men as rial. The peculiar dialect of the Cyrus Hamlin, David Livingstone, and "Highlanders of the South," their Marcus Whitman, or such women as vices and virtues, feuds, passions and Charlotte Tucker, Eleanor Chestnut, prejudices offer varied attractions to and Eliza Agnew. There are 50 of the reader of fiction.

them-all friends worth knowing, and The present volume deals with new their stories are simply told if not conditions in the Kentucky mountains, always in a literary style best adapted where the boys and girls are eagerly to children. responding to the educational oppor~ TOURIST DIRECTORY OF CHRISTIAN WORK. tunities offered by missionary and philanthropic schools. Already intel- Illustrated. Traveler's guide to mission- lectual and manual training of the ary institutions in the Far East, India young people have had an uplifting and Egypt. Issued by a committee (Rob- ert E. Speer, chairman) appointed by the influence on the morality of many a Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. 1913. mountain community. Feuds have This is a valuable booklet to direct been peaceably settled, and families tourists in Asia to the places where religious services are conducted in En- long at war with each other nOw english and to the most interesting foreign missionary operations. The in- gage in friendly rivalry to secure at troductory articles by Dr. Arthur J. any sacrifice the coveted "l'arnin' " for Brown deal with criticisms of missions their children. <• and explain the various kinds of CIu-btian work abroad. The Directory This story describes the transformcovers Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Singapore, Burma, India, and ing' effect of education on so<;~al life Egypt. in the mountains, which musfiesult This Directory will be welcomed by in developing a new people, no1'onger every Christian traveler. We hope that a future edition will be even more content to lead a lazy, animal' -existcomplete and will contain a map. It would be helpful also if there were a ence, but inspired by high ideal~; am- 110te of tourist agencies in the East where guides to missions may be ob- bitions, and spiritual aims. T!i~au­ tained. thors have produced a study thatr~aqs like a faithful transcript of life as it is, without any fictional coloring. The characters are vital and interesting, drawn with unaffected realism from intimate observation. The story is handled with considerable skill'and artistic restraint.

The booklet is for free distribution THE BOOK OF BABIES. Child Life in Mis- to travelers in Asia. Copies may be sionary Lands. By Mary Entwistle. obtained from pursers or librarians on Illustrated. 6d., net. London Missionthe steamers of the principal Trans- ary Society. 1913.

Pacific and English-Indian lines and. This little book about babies of from the leading tourist agencies ina,; China, Africa, Persia, Japan, Burma, few of the seaports of Asia. Copie~; India and othEr lands gives just the will also be mailed free to those about!', material that mothers and teachers of to sail to Asia who write to the Anglo..;' small children will find useful in American Communities Committee, teaching their EttIe ones about other Room 806, IS6Fifth Avenue, New babies.

NEW BOOKS THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. A Tale of W-IN NING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen the Ozarks. By Caroline Abbot Stanley.

Years' Work among the Warlike Tribe Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pp. $1.25, fief. of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tum- buka Peoples of Central America. By Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Donald Fraser. Illustrated, cloth. $1.50, LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By net. E. P. Dutton & Co;, New York, Belle M. Brain. Illustrated, 16mo, 75 pp. 1913. A MISSIONARY'S LIFE IN THE LAND OF THE 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. GODS. By Isaac Dooman. Illustrated, THE P AR~BLE OF THE CHERRIES. By Edward 12mo. $2.00, net; postage, 15 cents. Rich- ard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. A. Stemer. Illustrated, r6mo., 64 pp. SPIRITUAL CONQUEST ALONG THE ROCKIES. By Rev. William Niccolls Sloan, Ph.D. 5? cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 12mo, 242 pp. $1.25, net. George H. York, 1913. Doran Co., New York, 1913. OUT OF THE ABYSS. The Autobiography of EVERLASTING PEARL. One of China's one who was dead and is alive again. With a preface by the Rev. George Ste- Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- ven, D.D. Introduction by Gypsy Smith. sen. W Itl: ~ Preface by Walter B. Sloan. 12mO, 282 pp. $1.25, net. George H. Illustp' ~d, 16mo, III pp. China Inland Doran Company, New York, 1913. Mis~ -.1n, Philadelphia, 1913. AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life-Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. HABEEB THE BELOVED. A Tale of Life in Illustrated, 12mo, 127 pp. 2S., net. Hod- der & Stoughton, New York, 1913. Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles G. Trumbull. Illustrated. I2mo, cloth. D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 102 pp. 75 cents, $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York,1913. net. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, ESSENTIAL MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES. By Roland Allen, M.A. I2mo, cloth. $I.OO, 1913. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HEPBURN OF JAPAN AND HIS WIFE AND A S'fUDY OF THE THLINGLETS OF ALASKA. By Livin~ston F. Jones. I2mo, cloth, illus- HELPMATES. A Life Story of Toil for trated. :jiI.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Christ. By William Elliot Gdffis, D.D., L.H.D. Illustr~ted, 12mo, 238 pp. $1.50, FIFTY MISSIONARY HEROES EVERY Bo¥ AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- net. Presbytenan Board of Publication ston. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Philadelphia, 1913. '

THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- 1. N. McCash. I2mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. PIRE. By Frank J. Cannon and George L Knapp" I!!ustrated, 12mo, 398 pp. $1.50; THE NEW AMERICA. Home Missionary net. Flemmg H. Revell Co., New York, Study Course. By Mary Clark Barnes and Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes. Illustrated, 1913. 121110, cloth. 50 cents, net (postage, 7 cents), paper, 3OC. (postage, 5 cents). NINETy-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1913. A~[ERICA~ BIBLE SOCIETY, 1913. Together THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE CONFER- S90 With a List of Auxiliary Societies Their ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. A Brief Ac- Officers, and An Appendix. 8vo pp. count of the Conferences, together with their findings and lists of Members. 8vo, American Bible Society, New Y drk, 1913.

418 pp. Published by the Chairman of THE RETURN OF THE LORD JESUS. The Key the Continuation Committee, New York, to the Scripture, and the Solution of All 1913. Our Political and Social Problems or THE PASSING OF THE DRAGON. The Story The Golden Age that is Soon Coming to the Earth. By R. A. Torrey, D.D. -16mo, c. of the Shensi Revolution and Relief Ex~ 160 pp. Bible Institute of Los Angeles, pedition. By J. Keyte, M.A. Illus- trated,Bvo, 3II pp. Hodder & Stough- 1913. ton, London, 1913. ELECTRIC MESSAGES. The Official Organ of THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pp. The Oriental Missionary Society. N 0- Hodder & Stoughton, New York and vember, 1912. Tokyo, Japan. London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSIONS INVEST- MENT. Board of Foreign Missions – 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. '

FINANCING THE WAGE-EARNER'S FAMILY.

A Survey of the Facts Bearing on In- come and Expenditures in the Families of American Wage-Earners. By Scott Nearing. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.25, net. B. "1. Huebsch, New York, 1913.

ST. AUGUSTINE, THE MISSIONARY. By Sir Henry Howarth, KC.I.E., D.C.L. Illus- trated, cloth, 8vo. $3.50, net. E. _Po Dut- ton & Co., New York, 1913.- A CHUltCH IN THE WILDS. A Story of the Establishment of the_ South American In- dian Mission among the hitherto Savage and Intracable Natives of the Paraguay- an Chaco. By W. Barbrooke Grubb. Illustrated, cloth, 12mo. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1913

WHITING

An Ideal Missionary Volunteer (see page 567) November 1, 1887-April 9, 1913

·The Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXVI, No. 8 AUGUST, 1913 VOL, XXVI, No. g, Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times WORLD·WIDE STUDENT EVAN. "that there will be no adequate re- sponse to this call? If so, there is GELISM sure to be a terrible reaction." The Chinese students in the British Isles A REMARKABLE student con- have now a Christian Association of their own, said Dr. John R. Mott, ference has recently been held "and they have pledged $40 each to at Northfield, Mass. (June 20th-29th), send their own student secretary to when in addition to 500 students China." President Yuan Shih Kai from the colleges and schools of himself has been so imprest with the New York and New England there importance of the work that he has were present some 100 foreigners and asked to have a special student secforeign delegates from Europe, Asia retary appointed as his personal repand Latin America. Eighteen of the resentative. This young Chinese, a Chinese students were non-Christians, Harvard student, is to go back to but three of these were converted and China this autumn, and his expenses were baptized on the last day of the as association secretary will be paid by the President of the RepUblic. conference. Over 30 young men were present from South America, many Similar stirring reports and appeals of them non-Christians, but some of were made by representatives from these are returning to their homes Germany, HolIand, France, Switzerand colleges with a new purpose and land, Austria, Italy, Spain, Russia, power to serve Jesus Christ as Lord Poland, Syria, India, Japan and the and Savior. South American republics. The stu- dents of the world are alive to prac- Several sessions of the conference tical, mental and material progress, were devoted to the reports of the and many of them are beginning to great opportunities and substantial see the unsatisfying nature of the progress of the Student Christian world's husks and hunger for spiri- Movement in Europe, Asia and South tual things. The Student Christian America. Mr. Fletcher S. Brock- leaders are generally placing more man, of China, voiced the nationwide calI in the new Republic for student secretaries and Bible teachers. "Can it be possible," said he, The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOR.

and more emphasis on the importance national organizations. In Denma,rk of personal and group Bible study. meetings are held for boys in private The greatest difficulty and danger is, homes and one summer camp is pro- perhaps, due to the lack of Spirit- moted. In China, Korea, and Japan, filled Bible teachers. Above all school boys are members of the city things, students must have teachers Young Men's Christian Association, who have unshakeable faith in the but have no organizations of their "Word of God" and who have spiritual own. In India and Ceylon there are discernment to teach the Truth. Let six associations for school boys, two Olristians pray for these devoted of" which are directly conneCted with leaders of the work among students, city Young Men's Christian Associa- that they may be Spirit-filled and tions.

Spirit-guided, and that the needed In North America, the work in men may be thrust forth and conse- what we call "preparatory schools"

crated to this great work of bringing is directly under the supervision of to Christ the coming leaders of the the Student Young Men's Christian nations. "Pray, ye, therefore, the Association, while the "high school Lord of the harvest that He send forth work" falls under the Boys' Depart- laborers into His harvest." ment of the Young Men's Christian Association, with such cooperation STUDENT MOVEMENT WORK from the college associations as is desired. The two methods of work T AMONG BOYS which have been found most success- HE Student Christian Movement ful in all this work for boys are has adopted, with a certain sim- plification of method and a little more Bible study groups and summer rigor of supervision, the same plans camps. in its work among school boys as are used in the colleges and univer- THE MODERNISTS IN ITALY slbes. In every country where the work for young men is being carried IT is well, at times, to look at reon, plans are being made for extension and development of work for ligious questions in a foreign land boys. In Great Britain this Olfis- through the eyes of a native who has tian work among school boys is con- been brought up in the religion of his ducted by three organizations, en- fathers, but has learned to think things tirely separate from the Student out for himself. Prof. Gennaro Movement, tho Christian university Avolio, who is still a Roman Catholic men, as individuals, are engaged in of Italy, but is working for the spirithe work. tual resurrection of that church, has written an impressive statement of his Informal school boy groups are views of religion in Italy.* He says also promoted by movements in Hol- that the Italian people, in spite of all land, Belgium, French Switzerland, appearances to the contrary, have still France, Germany (where there are a good foundation of faith in God. 2,800 boys in 250 unions and 900 This faith, however, is often hidden school boys in Bible study circles), under a thick veil of superstition and Finland, Norway, Sweden, and in the materialism. The Roman Catholic schools in the various lands without • Tile Bible Magazine, July, 1913.

OF THE

Church still seeks to dominate the po- God only. Do away with worship of the litical, social and religious life of the saints, the magic functions of the priest, people, even dictating as to how men and obligatory auricular confession. shall vote. Thus, the mass of Roman Catholics in Italy have lost all right 6. The Gospel must be given to the criterion for judging in religious mat- people. ters and blindly depend on the dictates of the priests. The result is spiritual 7. The abolition of the Latin lanslavery. The use of Latin in religious guage in the liturgy, and the reform of services also keeps the people ignorant the liturgy. in spiritual things-the unknown tongue does not edify the church, but 8. The giving back to the laity the is a barrier between the people and right of the election of pastors. the Word of their Lord. The formal exercises of religion have no real 9. Sympathy with all great, reasonpower over the daily life of the wor- able and just social reforms, without reshipers. Consequently, people who are gard to party, and in keeping with the most regular in attendance at Roman Christian ideal. Catholic services live disorderly, frequent obscene theaters, practise usury, 10. Brotherly relationship between etc. Protestants, Roman Catholics, and as many others as truly follow Christ. These evil results of Roman Catholic doctrines and practises are in spite The carrying out of such a program of the fact that the church still holds would be a long step in advance for the essence of Christianity under a Italy, but it would destroy the Romass of rubbish which obscures the man Catholic Church as such. truth. THREE SIGNS IN NEW CHINA The Roman Catholic Modernists, priests and laymen are working in T HERE has been a marvelous in- Italy to demolish the superstition, am- crease of horizon and vision bition and worldliness in the church, among the Chinese since the Revoand to reestablish truth, intelligence, lution. "China is fully awake," purity and simplicity, justice and hu- writes Bishop Molony, in the C. M. mility. These Modernists have for- S. Review,' "the most industrious namulated a simple program of reforms, tion in the world has started on a as follows: path of great industrial development. The superstitions which hindered it 1. Freedom of scientific research in are exploded, official corruption and all fields. commercial 'squeeze' are put to shame through the publicity of the press; 2. Absolute obedience to God alone. the country, where for centuries the Obedience to man against conscience is aristocracy of learning has been the a sin. only aristocracy, is now fully com- mitted to Western education, its sons 3. Separation between Church and and daughters pour out to colleges State. abroad and into every college opened in China; the most capable and popu- 4. Abolition of compulsory celebacy lous of non-Christian nations has of the clergy. turned at last into the steady channel of reform and progress." 5. Reform of worship to secure simplicity and purity. Worship is due to From the point of view of mission- ary work, the Bishop sees three spe- cial characteristics of the new period just begun. First, new classes of

people are coming under the influ- been made toward the suppression of ence of the missionaries. Formerly vice and iniquity. It is a fact worthy the work was almost entirely among of note that within three months af- the artizan and agricultural popula- ter the new Cantonese government tion, now the refined and intellectual was formed, this city, formerly one are accessible. "Women of honor- of the worst in China, has become able estate" are opening their doors practically a clean city. The chief to missionary ladies, and the great of police of Canton, in a determined student class is presenting amazing effort to wipe out slavery from Can- opportunities. ton and its environs, set free 500 Another feature of the period now young girls kept as slaves in the commencing is sure to be contro- homes of Canton. Most of them versy. Contact with the Western were kept for domestic service; but world and Japan, higher education in the chief was determined to liberate China, the inrush of the intellectual them, and he took more than 400 to classes, are sure to bring a period of the government industrial school in criticism and controversy. The third the city, where they are being trained feature will be church organization, for occupations in which they can bringing together the large materials earn wages.

that are ready to be woven into the Seventy-one of the number who fabric. were found to be blind, were frankly Each of these signs of the times is admitted to be too great a problem an appeal to the strong men and for the authorities to handle. There women in our colleges to give their was nothing to do but to appeal to lives to China at this crisis. the missionaries for assistance, and ITHE TRANSFORMATION OF CANTON Dr. Mary Niles was besought to re- T used to be a common proverb in ceive the blind children into her China, "If you wish to be wicked, school. They are now being taught go to Canton." The countless forms to read and write the Braille system, of iniquity found in Canton could and will be trained for self-supportscarcely be duplicated in any other ing occupations, such as knitting, lace city of the world. Now all this is work and massage. Some of those changed. There is not an open at least who turn to Christ will be gambling den in this city of over a given work as Bible women under million and a half of people. Opium missionary control. smoking, China's greatest curse, is gone, never to return. Twelve of But not all China has received the 13 Confucian temples of the city Chdstianity. There is still a crying have been turned over to the control need for more workers and more of the educational department of the money for the support of those in government to be used as schools. the field. These refonns undoubtedly are the I A REVIVAL IN WEST CHINA N the far-away province of Kansu, result of the influence of Christianity West China, remarkable results upon China. Since the banishment have followed a series of meetings of the Manchus and the formation of conducted by Rev. A. Lutley of the the Republic, marvelous strides have China Inland Mission, and a Chinese

evangelist, Wang. An eye-witness of fest having stolen many things while the work writes as follows to the working on the mission station. All Christian and Missionary Alliance: the mission evangelists and colpor- "At the very first meeting in Tihtao teurs, and nearly all the Christians great conviction of sin took hold of were filled with an earnest desire to the Christians. Those who had been live a holy life and help win souls for at enmity were reconciled; those who Christ.

had stolen returned the things taken, The West China Mission, which and all the Christians, with perhaps was formerly in the hardest and most only one or two exceptions, were thor- unyielding field, has now become one oughly broken up and made a clean of the greatest harvest fields in mis- confession of things that were wrong sion work.

in their lives. This made room for NORTH AFRICA DISCARDING ISLAM the incoming of the Holy Spirit, and the joy that followed can not be W RILE many tribe" of Central described. A number of unconverted Africa have been turning were also brought into fel10wship toward Mohammed and have been with Christ, and voluntarily came to taking the teachings of the Koran as the front and con fest their sins. At their law of life, North Africa is the last meeting a thank-offering was breaking away from Islam. The new taken, which was so generously re- spirit in Egypt is diffusing itself all sponded to that the women took off along the Mediterranean coast, and their earrings and other silver orna- great political changes are taking ments and gave them to the Lord's place. Germany, England, France, work." and Italy are present in the adminis- During the meetings in Minchau tration of all North African countries in the English prayer meeting early 111 some form or other, or to some in the morning the missionaries degree. The Church has taken ad- brought those before God in prayer vantage of the new condition and that were especially laid on their the native church of Egypt, through hearts, and in almost every case these the influence of the American Mis- can fest their sins before the day sion, is sending miSSIOnaries to closed. An old woman, who had neighboring lands. The Methodist never been in the chapel before, went Episcopal Church has organized mis- to the meetings and broke down ut- sion work, under Bishop Hartzell, in· terly, confessing her sins with great a field embracing Morocco, Algiers, weeping, and experienced peace from Tunisia, and Tripoli. The Rev. E.

God. Her husband was also saved. A F. Frease, superintendent of the woman who had been in the mission's North Africa Mission, writes: "The employ 5 years, but who had never way is at last opening for the Chris- shown any desire to be .a Christian, tian Church to throw an adequate became One of the brightest of the missionary force into the vast region Christian women. Her husband, a from Morocco to the Red Sea for a c<l;rpenter, who never before had strong, persistent attack on Islam shown any real earnest desire for sal- under conditions the most extraordi- vation, was thoroughly saved and con- narily favorable and from there grad-

ually across the Sahara to the Sudan, The need of a Christian university following up great channels of com- of first rank was emphasized. munications now opening up." NEW LIFE IN THE ANCIENT SYRIAN THE MOTT CONFERENCES IN JAPAN CHURCH W RILE the immediate outcome T HE ancient Syrian Church of of Dr. Mott's work in Japan Malabar claims to have been (April 3-11) may not have been so founded by the Apostle Thomas. A dramatic as in India, or so remarkable large. section is known as the Reas that in China, yet a powerful formed Church of St. Thomas, and impression for good was made. The these Christians assemble annually at first conference was with about 75 a convention at Maramanna, in Travrepresentative missionaries, the ancore, for the deepening of the spirisecond, with some So Japanese leaders, tual life. The meetings this year, and the third, with lOO prominent mis- which lasted for eight days, were held sionaries and Japanese. in a temporary shed, seatmg 20,000 people, which was full on more than The program for the first two one occasion. All round the outskirts assemblies was identical, and their of the building Cattanars (Syrian findings were discust and voted up- priests) were seated, who kept order on by the joint conference, under the and took up the collections, bringing following headings: Occupation of the the money to the platform. Meetings Field; The Japanese Church; Raising were held for both men and women, up Christian Leaders; Training of and some were attended by both, each Missionaries; Christian Education; sex sitting separately. Christian Leadership; Evangelistic Work; Vomen's Work; Cooperation. The speakers at these meetings were European missionaries, two of them Among the striking facts brought belonging to C.M.S., one a Presbyout and the findings formally adopted terian and one a Wesleyan. The were these: preaching was very earnest and good, and was well translated by some of Only 20 per cent. of Japan's popula- the educated Syrian young men. The tion is being reached at present. order and silence of the vast assembly were wonderful. Hour after hour, There are in Formosa 121,000 day after day during the eight days of savage aborigines who have no oppor- this convention this great audience tunity of hearing the gospel. listened. The presence of God and the power of His Spirit was in the midst. The 300,000 Japanese in Korea and Manchuria are especially open to Dr. Louis Meyer, editor of Fun- Christian instruction. damentals, the eminent lecturer on missions to Jews, and Bible teach- To occupy properly the field the er and the efficient coeditor of this Japanese working force should be REVIEW, died in California on July quadrupled and the foreign (evange- 11th, of tuberculosis. His place listic) missionary force should be can never be adequately filled.- doubled. D. L. P.

There is to be a Japan Continuation Committee of 45 members.

A three-year aggressive evangelistic campaign was decided upon.

BORDEN AND HIS GUIDE MOUNTAIN CLIMllING IN

This was one of his favorite forms of recreation during his last summer in Switzerland AN IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF WILUAM WHITING BORDEN· BY PROFESSOR CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., PRINCETON. N. J.

m.S INCE the death of Ion' a difficult and important task, is Keith-Falconer. at called from the field, when the service '. Aden, ~r.abia, in 1887, is but begun; and the Christian world . the rillsslOnary world wonders at the inscrutable providence , . has suffered no more of God.

-. mysterious loss than in Many points of similarity have the death of William Whiting Bor- been noted in these two brief lives.

den, which occurred on April 9, 1913, One was of the flower of British at Cairo, Egypt. In each case, a nobility; the other represented the chosen workman, peculiarly fitted for best product of American social and • The Biography of William W. Borden is being prepared by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., at the request of the family. Any friends who have letters or incidents that they could contribute are requested to sena them immediately to the ed itor of this REVIEW.

academic life. Both were men of definite religious convictions, in a physical and intellectual strength, of public confession of faith in Christ, unusual wealth, of marked personal at- in habits of Bible study, and in the tractiveness, who were wholly devoted daily prayer "that the will of God to the service of Christ. Both studied might be wrought out in his life." in Egypt in preparation for mIS- This is the real secret of his resionary work among Moslems. Both markable character and his unusual left behind them surprizingly wide career. circles of influence in lives they had affected, in forms of service they had William Borden's school life was fostered. When the heroic death of spent at the University School, and Keith-Falconer was announced at the Manual Training School of Chi- New College, Edinburgh, and a vol- cago, and at the "Hill School," Pottsunteer was asked for his place, it town, Pa. Before entering Yale Uniis said that thirteen of the graduating versity in 1905, he spent a year in class at once responded. The example foreign travel, and it was an experiof Keith-Falconer's consecration was ence that turned the whole tenor of an important factor in establishing the his life and thought. The Rev. Student Volunteer Movement which, Walter C. Erdman, who is now servin the next few years, led thousands ing as a missionary in Korea, was of young men and young women of chosen as a Christian companion to England and America to undertake accompany him in a tour of the service on the foreign field. Wil- world. They visited Japan, China, liam Borden, in addition to other abid- India, Egypt, Syria and Turkey, ening influences of his life and service, joying unusual opportunities to obhas bequeathed for the evangelizing serve the problems, the methods, and of the world a larger sum than any the results of Christian work in many man of equal years in the entire his- of the great mission fields. They tory of the Christian Church. saw the great and indescribable need of the world for the Gospel. To one Boyhood and School Life who was convinced of the unique power of Christ to meet that need, In the very year Keith-Falconer the call to service was definite and died in Arabia, William Borden was clear. William Borden's decisions born in the city of Chicago, on No- were never hasty, but both he and vember I, 1887. He was a son of his companion returned from that the late William Borden and of Mary tour with a purpose, if God so willed de Garmo Whiting Borden. From it, to devote their lives to service on his father he inherited business qual- the foreign field. He had not been ities of a high order, executive abil- in mission lands eight weeks when ity, exactness, fairness of mind, fa- he wrote home that he wished to cility in reading character, prompt- become a foreign missionary. Later, ness, decision, and a rare kindliness when he was asked by a wondering of jL1d~ment which made him abso- friend why he planned LO throw his lutely silent as to the faults and fail- life away among the heathen, he reings of others. To his mother he plied significantly: uYou have never was indebted for the influences seen heathenism." which, in early boyhood, resulted in

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER 56<

This year of travel was marked by with the Scripture standards, in another important experience. 'When thngs both great and small, that he in England, shortly before sailing for might please his Master-"bringing home, he attended a meeting in Lon- every thought into captivity to the obe- dience of Christ." This became the THE BOY ATHLETE vital and controlling purpose of his career. William Borden, at the Hill School, and later at college and seminary, was fond of all When Borden entered Yale U ni- forms. of athletics, and was successful versity in the fall of 1905, he at in tennis, football, golf and once became a positive factor in the yachting religious life of the institution. He was active in athletics, a good boxer, don conducted by the Rev. R. A. skilful at tennis and as a yachtsman, Torrey, D.D., where the truths empha- and became very fond of mountain sized were the tests of the New Birth. climbing. At the same time he main- These, given in the First Epistle of tained a high standard of scholar- ] ohn, are righteousness, avoidance of ship, qualified twice over (in two known sin, love of the brethren, be- separate years), for election to the lief in Christ as the Son of God, and Phi Beta Kappa, of which society he overcoming the world. As was his became the president. But it was custom, Borden took careful notes and not in the athletic nor in the acaadded original comments. A new de- demic activities of the university that termination was born in him that day his influence was most strongly felt; to bring all his life into conformity it was 'father in the lines of definite Christian work. He was elected class deacon, served as leader of the Student Volunteer Band for Foreign Missions, and for two years was president of the Connecticut Valley Student Volunteer Union. He also generously contributed to the Yale Mission in Central China, and aided in the formation of bands for prayer and for Bible study, and in the or- ganization of classes for mission study. Any college man will realize what it cost him to refuse to allow his name to be considered for elec- tion to any of the popular college secret societies. This decision he reached, not so much on the ground that it would separate him from some of his fellow students, as for fear lest it might bring in some- thing between himself and the serv- ice of his Lord.

Religious Life at Yale tured university student, kneeling in His activities in religious work prayer, at the Yale Hope Mission, were not by any means confined to with his arm around one of those the sphere of university life. In his hopeless drunken men for whom the sophomore year Borden was asked to mission had been started. At the join a little group in one of the memorial service held in New rooms of Dwight Hall (the Univer- Haven, some of the most striking sity Y. M. C. A. Building), and tributes were from the lips of men there pray that the way might be whom Borden had brought to Christ.

opened to start a Gospel mission, to Dr. William H. Sallmon, secretary bring the Gospel message every night and treasurer of Yale Mission in to the helpless and homeless and China, writes in The Yale News: hopeless men of New Haven. The "A deacon of his class, a member of result was the founding of the Yale the Senior Council, he will best be Hope Mission at 55 to 59 Court remembered as a man who devoted Street, in March, I 907, a work himself to the moral and spiritual largely financed by Borden's gener- betterment of men. He was an ar- ous gifts. Great numbers of men dent supporter of Yale in China, have been reached by this rescue generously supplying the funds to mission, and it has also had a marked keep a classmate as his representa- influence upon the university men. tive in that field. His monument in Many have been enlisted as workers New Haven is the Yale Hope Mis- there, and have learned the joy of sion, of which he was the founder Christian service, while others, who and patron."

came to the mission out of curiosity Of his general influence in the or friendly interest, have there been university, one of his classmates convinced of the power of Christ to writes: "He seemed like a fixt "save unto the uttermost:' beacon-light in moving waters, by Professor Henry B. Wright, of which the fellows could safely steer Yale, gives this testimony: "It is my their course; he was so uncompro- firm conviction that Yale Hope Mis- mising with anything that he con- sion has done more to convince all sidered wrong; he was so determined classes of men at Yale of the power to carry out every plan that he and practicability of Christianity to thought right."

regenerate individuals and commu- Upon his graduation, in I909, Wil- nities than any other force in the liam Borden was at first inclined to university. Its influence for good enter at once upon missionary ser- among the students has been inesti- vice, but was wisely advised to equip mable." The Rev. Henry W. Frost himself more thoroughly by taking a once asked a distinguished foreigner full course in theology. He accord- whom he had been showing some of ingly entered Princeton Theological the wonders of America, what he Seminary in the fall of the same considered the most remarkable thing year. His modesty, his clear vision he had seen in this country. The of duty, his physical, mental and foreigner replied at once that it was spiritual vigor, and many other ad- William Borden, the wealthy, cul- mirable qualities endeared him at

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER 57!

once both to professors and students. Cairo. To the work of the National During his three years' stay in Bible Institute in particular he gave Princeton, his mother transferred her much time and earnest effort. He residence from Chicago to Princeton, never allowed these varied activities, where there was extended to his fel- however, to interfere with his regulow students the most generous hos- lar duties in connection with his pitality. The students were not only theological course. No student was influenced by what they saw of his more diligent, more faithful, more beautiful life in the family circle, but loved by those who knew him best. were there privileged to meet missionaries and other Christian workers The summer of J912, after his from all parts of the world. graduation from the seminary, was spent chiefly in evangelistic work in Seminary Days in Princeton New York City, in connection with the National Bible Institute. This In the seminary Borden was a involved not only administrative duleader in student activities, and was ties in the office, but also street particularly prominent in all that preaching, the conduct of open-air concerned missionary service. Dur- services, and the distributing of ing his first year he was a delegate tracts and Testaments and other reto the Student Volunteer Convention ligious literature. at Rochester, and there rendered most self-denying service in con- In September, William Borden nection with the ':missionary exhib- vas ordained to the ministry, in the its." The same year he was ap- Moody Church, Chicago, of which pointed as a delegate to the World he was a member. The following Missionary Conference at Edinburgh, three months he gave his services to represent the China Inland Mis- as a traveling secretary of the Stusion, which he served as the young- dent Volunteer Movement, and vispst member of the American Coun- ited many of the eastern colleges, cil. His knowledge of missionary where he aroused new interest in literature, missionary leaders, and the needs of the unevangelized worldr missionary activities made him a On December 2I, 1911, he had ofdefinite force in the missicnary life fered himself for service under the of the seminary. By deputation work China Inland Mission; and on April in schools and colleges he also ex- 8, 1912, just one year and one day tended his influence beyond the before the date of his death, he rebounds of his own institution. ceived his appointment, at a meeting of the council held in Philadelphia. During these busy seminary days his sympathies were by no means He had learned that there were confined to work on the foreign field, more than 10,000,000 Chinese Mosfor he was at the same time serving lems to whom no Christian mis:;ionas a director of the Chicago Bible ary has ever been sent, and at his Institute, and of the National Bible own request, he was assigned to Institute of New York, and was an work among the Mohammedans of active member of the American Com- Kansu, the westernmost province of mittee of the Nile Mission Press, of China. He chose this field because

of its difficulty and its appalling vices were held not only in Cairo, but need. in Chicago, in Princeton, in Phila- Last Days in Cairo delphia, in New Haven, and in New In December last, he left for York.* The daily papers in every Cairo, Egypt, to perfect his prepara- part of the world printed more or tion by special study in Arabic, and less extended accounts of the life in Moslem literature under the di- in which a universal interest was rection of his friend, Dr. Samuel M. awakened by its high promise and Zwemer. During these three months tragic end.

he endeared himself to all the mis- An Ideal Volunteer sionaries with whom he came in con- Even a superficial study of Wil- tact, and encouraged them in all liam Borden's life and character sug- forms of service. He was instru- gests the qualifications of an ideal mental in the distribution among the missionary volunteer.

Moslems of 12,000 Christian tracts, We see in him, first of all, the and greatly furthered the work of peculiar endowment for missionary the Nile Mission Press. Of these service, the gifts of physical and months spent in Cairo, Dr. S. M. mental strength, of wealth and so- Zwemer has written: "William Bor- cial position, of culture, of inspiring den left a deep impression here at friendships. These endowments may the study center, even during 'his be granted to few of us in the same short stay. He was identified with degree, yet the example of this life every good movement of the mis- is none the less stimulating. Here sions and the Y. M. C. A., and per- was one who was faithful, not in the sonally superintended a house-to- few, but in the "many things," and house convass of Cairo with Chris- it surely requires a higher degree of tian literature, and was greatly be- consecration to use many talents well loved by all those who learned to than to be faithful with a few. In know him even for such a short our Lord's parable, the talent of the time. We hope the message of his slothful servant was given, not to the life will tell for the cause in America one whose two had gained other two, and in China as much as it has and but to him whose five had gained will in Cairo." five. If William Borden was faithful On March 21st he was .taken ill in the use of his many gifts, how with spinal meningitis, and died on much easier should it be for others April 9th. Before news of his illness to prove faithful with their few.

had been received, his mother and There was also the clear mission- younger sister had sailed from New ary vision. It is true that this was York to spend some time with Wil- awakened by the unusual opportu- liam in the East, and they arrived in nity of a world tour; but it was Cairo only a few hours after his *' Accounts of SOme of these services appeared death. His body was laid to rest in the American Mission Cemetery at in the Princeton Seminary Bulletin, and in special Cairo, in a land of the very Moslems memorial numbers of The Bible To·Day. A beaufor whose redemption he had given tiful appreciation also app'eared in The Sundayhis life. Impressive memorial ser- school Times. Philadelphia. from the pen of the Rev. Henry W. Frost, an intimate friend of the family and the American director of the China Inland lrIission.

9 1 31 AN IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER

brightened and broadened by patient not commend itself to his judgment investigation, and by constant study as a Christian steward, and it was and reading. Many other young men refused. How many would have have returned from the Far East made the donation merely for the without having taken the trouble to sake of friendship! How few would visit the missions, and with the re- have declined for the sake of Christ. sulting incriminating confession that they "do not believe in foreign mis- Last Will and Testament sions." Others, who have had their eyes opened to the world's appalling This same sense of stewardship is need while at home, have -turned in- embodied in his "last will and testadifferently from the sight; or they ment," which stands as an example have allowed the appealing vision and an appeal to the whole Church to grow dim through a wilful or of Christ. It is an extraordinary careless neglect of the'means which document, not only in view of the are found on every hand for receiv- actual bequests which it provides, but ing missionary intelligence and culti- also because of the spirit it manifests vating missionary zeal. of loyalty to Christ and devotion to the work of world evangelization. Complete Dedication It is in itself a missionary appeal. Its largest provision is for the China We see likewise a complete dedi- Inland Mission, in connection with cation to the missionary task. It is which the donor had expected to one thing to see the need and to pos- serve and on whose council he held sess the means for giving relief; it a place. For the work of this misit quite another thing to yield all that one has and is to the service of sion he bequeathed the sum of $250,- Christ. Here was a young man who not only surrendered all, but who 000; and with unique sympathy and did so in such a spirit as to indicate, thoughtfulness for one so young, this as Professor William Brenton Greene was added: "I suggest that $100,000 suggests, not only the duty of con- of this amount be invested, and the secration, but the joy and blessedness income thereof be used for the supof consecration. When he saw the port and maintenance of missionneed of men, and the glory of his aries and other workers connected Lord, he cried out with alacrity and with said Mission who through age in true sincerity: "Here ani I, send or infirmity have become incapacime." tated for active service in the mis- sion field or at home, and who are William Borden is a striking ex- in need of and deserving of aid." ample of Christian stewardship, which is another expression of sincere dedi- The sum of $100,000 was left to cation to Christ. His money was a the National Bible Institute of New sacred trust, and he was as careful York; and like amounts 'to the in his gifts as he was generous. An Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, intimate acquaintance has told of an and to the Chicago Avenue Church; appeal which he made to Borden on $50,000 each was given to Princeton the ground of personal friendship; Theological Seminary, to the Board but it was for an object which did of Foreign Missions of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby-

terian Church, U. S. (South), to the ther my desire," so runs the will, Board of Foreign Missions of the "that the said bequests hereinbefore United Presbyterian Church, and to made be used and disposed of in ac- the Chicago Hebrew Mission; and cordance with the following recom- $25,000 each to the Nile Mission mendations by me, to wit: That each Press, to the American Bible Society, of said bequests be used for and in to the Chicago Tract Society, and to connection with mlsSlonaries and the African Inland Mission. Of the teachers who are sound in the faith, remaining estate the China Inland believing in such fundamentals as the Mission and the three Presbyterian doctrine of the divine inspiration and boards were made the residuary lega- authority of the Scriptures, the doc- tees. trine of the Trinity, including the The devising of money is a mucb Deity of Jesus Christ, and in the doc- simpler matter than the devotion of trine of the atonement through the a life. The fact that he belonged substitutionary death of our Lord wholly to Christ, and that there were Jesus Christ. . . I declare that millions of Moslems in Western each and all the gifts shall be absolute China whom no one had volunteered and unconditional gifts to the respect- to evangelize, led William Borden ive beneficiaries (except as they are to undertake this difficult and for- conditioned by the doctrinal require- bidding task. For this work he gave ments which I have made above), his life. There may be those who, rand that my purpose in expressing wiII ask, "to what. purpose this· my desire as to the mode in which waste ?" There can be no doubt of' the same, or any of the same, shall the approval of that Lord who beheld be used. . has been and is the vision of a world filled with the merely to indicate my considered fragrance of the perfume which in wishes and judgment, and not to seeming extravagance was poured impose upon them any legal obIiga- upon His feet. Whatever of wealth tion to carry out my desires if, for or of life is dedicated to Him is any reason they deem it best not to accepted by Him and used in ever comply with the same."

widening spheres of blest influence.

Another provision of the last will Personal Convictions and testament suggests that William William Borden's own definite and Borden had a definite and adequate clear religious convictions appear fur- missionary message. Nothing troubled ther in the standards of the National him more than to see men of culture, Bible Institute for which he drafted ability and devotion planning to un- the articles of belief. They appear dertake missionary work while they again in the declaration of his per- were evidently ignorant of the great sonal faith, which he submitted to essential truths of the Gospel. He the council of the China Inland Mis- therefore requested that his money sion when applying for appointment, should be used in the support of only and in the article written by him for such men as held absolutely to the The Bible To-Day, entitled "What deity of Christ and His vicarious, is a Christian." In the latter ar- atoning death for sinners. "It is fur- ticle he says:

IDEAL MISSIONARY VOLUNTEER

"A Christian is first of all one who in the army of God. He was too has Jesus Christ as his personal Sa- big to wear the distinctive colors of vior. But in the New Testament any regiment."

,'ie find that Christ was not looked upon as Savior alone, but also as Thorough Preparation Lord. It was the Lord Jesus Christ The full course of study during whose name his followers bore, and which these convictions were matur- that meant that he had absolute juris- ing, and his faithful devotion to hi~ diction over them. (I Cor. 6: 19, 20. academic and theological disciplines, Rom. 12; 1-2. Philip I :21.) A suggest a helpful message in the Christian is not merely one who matter of missionary preparation. He trusts in Christ for salvation, but believed that this should be broad and thorough, with special adaptation one who also strives earnestly to to the needs of his particular field. He was not one of those who feel please Him in all things, great and willing to rely upon natural re- sources, or who postpone serious small. But Christ was even more work until they reach their mission than this to the early disciples.

He Himself was God manifest in the flesh. A Christian is one who worships and adores Him, to- stations. He worked with diligence, gether with the Father and the Holy with this in view, during all the Spirit, as very God of very God." years of his university and seminary Among the beliefs which were par- course, and elected branches of study which he believed would equip ticularly precious to him were those him for his chosen task. This led related to the inspiration of the him to the study of Arabic in Prince- Bible, justification by faith, the re- generating power of the Holy Spirit, ton, and to go to Cairo for special the grace of God in Christ, the spirit- work with Dr. Zwemer.

ual union of all true believers of Yet more striking was his example every denomination, and the person- in the matter of present missionary al pre-millenial return of our Lord. effort. He felt that one who was to His acceptance of such truths was save souls in China should begin never careless, for he was always rescuing men in New Haven, and ready to give a reason to every man that one who was to speak in the for the faith that was in him. These bazaars and market places of the truths were the inspiration of his Far East should not be ashamed to life and the explanation of his ca- preach on the streets and in the reer. parks of New York. Still more, he In spite of the definiteness and de- showed that one who was preparing cidedness of his beliefs, he was broad for world-wide evangelization must and generous in his sympathies. As have the broad sympathies which Dr. Zwemer declared at the memorial lead to participation in all forms of service in Cairo: "He gript the Christian service, and which obliter- essentials. He had no shibboleth. ate the lines between "home" and His was no narrow creed. His "foreign," and which do not recog- Egyptian brethren could never have nize any arbitrary limitation of sect.

told to which regiment he belonged The student who engages in varying

forms of Christian service at home to a fruitful visitation of the leadis being prepared for the largest and ing eastern colleges and universities, best work abroad. It was this de- and many are the students who wittermination to be thoroughly prepared ness to the influence exerted upon for his difficult task that made Wil- them by personal contact with him liam Borden so diligent a student at during those memorable days. New Haven and at Princeton, and it further resulted in two unique proj- One who has just returned from ects. The first was his plan to se- the Orient and whose knowledge of cure his degree of Master of Arts the student centers there and in from Yale University by reading in America makes him best qualified to the department of missionary science. judge, remarked recently that the ef- The second was to pursue the study fect of the life and example of Wilof Arabic in preparation for work liam Borden would result in bringing among people who spoke Chinese. into missionary service hundreds of The latter plan led him to Cairo; the strongest and ablest volunteers. and during those crowning months Nor is the influence of that life to of his career he showed in most be confined to those who will enter marked degree the same zeal in specific forms of Christian service. study and enthusiasm for Christian There is something deeply significant service which had characterized his in the words written by one Yale whole course of preparation for mis- classmate to another on the day that sionary service. word was received of their common loss: "The unbelievable has appar- Recruiting for Missions ently happened, and I feel over- whelmed with the sense of the small- One certain result of "the message ness of life; but there is one thing of his life" will be an immediate in- I know, that if ever a man was crease of volunteers for missionary guided by God's will in his life, that service; and this suggests another man was 'Bill.' His life and his particular in which he was an ideal firm purpose to be a missionary have missionary candidate; he was ever been an inspiration to me for more recrtliting for missions. He was not than six years, and I know his influonly a volunteer, but he was seeking ence will never depart from me. . to enlist others. The leaders of the Let us continue his influence in our Student Volunteer Movement for lives and do something he would Foreign Missions bear eager testi- have approved." mony to his devotion to this great cause. Not only did he support it by The Secret of the life generous financial contributions, but he devoted unstinted time and effort The secret of such a wide and to the work. He served as a leader abiding influence is not difficult to in the volunteer bands at the "Hill discern. It is found in a whole- School," at New Haven, and at hearted and complete dedication to Princeton. He attended the great Christ. This devotion was maniconventions and helped to further fested in the stedfastness with which their success. He finally gave the he adhered to any course which he last months of his life in America believed his Master had marked out, and in the faithful observance of

those practises which stimulated and versation with men whom he meets nourished his spiritual life. When in the colleges: "Are you steering he was convinced that anything was or drifting?" Borden comments: in accordance with the will of his "This served to open up the whole Master as indicated by Scripture or question of a student's choice of his Providence, that thing was hence- life work. The dangers of drifting forth an actual part of his life. He were, of course, manifest, and if a would allow no circumstances to in- young man said he was steering, the terfere with the daily reading of his next question might well be, 'What Bible, nor with the precious privilege is your goal' and 'Who is in the of daily prayer with his beloved boat with you.' May each one of mother. When he had joined the us be able to say that we are steer- Princeton Volunteer Band, he was ing, and that He is not only on certain all during the winter months board, but at the helm." Noone who to be present at the prayer meeting, ever spent a day with William Borbefore breakfast, at seven o'clock, den doubted that he was steering, every Wednesday morning; and when and that his course was being dihe had identified himself with the rected by his Master and his Lord. National Bible Institute, he was And now that he has "crossed the found in the summer, giving up rest bar" and seen "his Pilot face to face," and recreation to carryon the work his fellow Christians are privileged to in the offices and to preach in the rejoice as they see the abiding influstreets of New York. This dedica- ences of his course and the many tion to Christ gave to his character who are being led to follow in the its peculiar transparency, and gentle- way he went. They are assured that ness, and strength. his faith is triumphant, his hope for the cause of his Master made more He was particularly influenced by radiant, and his love for them and that saying of Mr. Moody which he for Him made perfect. "For now often quoted; "The world has yet abideth faith, hope, love; these three, to see what God can do with a fully but the greatest of these is love." surrendered man." William Borden had a laudable desire to be such a Every remembrance of this comman. One of the last articles he pleted life, every review of this finever wrote was a history of the ished career, brings to each of us an "Origin of the Student Volunteer added responsibility, an inspiring in- Movement for Foreign Missions," centive to action, a clear, commanding which appeared in a recent number call to press forward with devotion of the Christian Workers' Magazine. and courage and zeal, to the supreme In this he quotes a question which task of proclaiming the Gospel of Mr. Robert P. Wilder uses in con- Christ to all the world.

The consecration of all to our Master, far from lessening our power to impart, increases both our power and our joy in ministration. The five loaves and two fishes of the disciple, first given up to and blest by the Lord, were abundant supply for the needy multitudes, and grew, in the act of distribution, into a store, of which twelve hampers full of fragments remained, when all were fully satisfied.-HuDsoN TAYLOR.

HEART OF THE MOHAMMEDAN WOl'rlAN*

BY MRS. BENJAMIN W. LABAREE E sat in the apartment radation and humiliation–who can blame her if her heart is not happy lWi of a Mohammedan and care-free? The very physical princess, not in her trials which come to her because she grand reception room is a Mohammedan woman add ~ where she had usually entertained us, but in greatly to her suffering. The Koran the more familiar sitting-room up- itself allows a man to beat his wife, stairs. With our feet cosily tucked tho with the distinction that he "must under the handsome qUilt that cov- not beat her as he would a slave."

ered the pan of charcoals, we sat on In Moslem lands there are no in- comfortable cushions on the floor and stitutions for the care of the insane, listened while she told us of her se- the crippled, and others who are vere illness, of how she was going helpless, except such institutions as to Russia to see a specialist, and have been introduced through Chris- of her awful fear lest she should tian missionaries or in imitation of soon become blind. Suddenly she their example.

exclaimed; There came once to our dispensary "Will you pray for me? Your in U rumia an old woman with a hearts are good and pure, and God girl of 16 or 17, who was deaf, will hear you. He would not listen dumb and blind. She appealed for to me, for my heart is impure and help to the physician, and to her deep bad." sorrow, found there was nothing that It was a longing cry from the could be done to cure the girl. In heart of a Mohammedan ''ioman, a despair, the old grandmother asked, heart which she felt to be utterly "What can I do? Must I kill her?"

unworthy of addressing hff Maker, The lady physician talked to them but a heart that reached out with in- lovingly and sent them away. They tense desire to a Divine Power and came again and again, but nothing to those who could put her in touch could be done to effect a cure. Some with that Power. years after the doctor had returned Shall I tell you something about from her furlough, a woman arrived the heart of the Mohammedan wom- on dispensary morning whose face an? Listen, then, and try to realize seemed familiar. She brought a girl of first what a suffering heart it is. about twelve who was deaf and dumb, Why should it not be sad and sor- and something about the case caused rowful, when one of the Mohamme- the doctor to look more closely and dan holy books says, "The threshold to ask, "Were you not here once be- of the house weeps 40 days whenever fore with another granddaughter?

a girl is born"? Unwe!comed, con- What has become of her?" With the sidered inferior to her brothers and tears streaming down her face, the father and husband, and surrounded poor, old woman answered, "I had by so much in her religion and cir- to poison her. There was nothing cumstances that simply means Jeg- else to be done."

* From an address delivered at 1Ir. and 1>1rs. E. E. Olcott's Parlor Meeting, New York. in the interests of the Nile Mission Press, January. 1913. A Fearful Heart "Do you mean to say that your It is not only a sorrowful heart husband can not divorce you?"

that the Moslem woman carries, but "N0, it is against the law of our it is a heart full of fear, full of sus- religion."

picion, dread, and horror. We can "Oh! that must be a good reli- scarcely realize how many things have gion!" exclaimed a woman once, after to be avoided in order not to bring such a question and answer. A few the "evil eye" upon her, nor how real moments before she had been mourn- and terrible is the suffering on the ing that I was not a Mohammedan, part of those subjected to these su- and thus could have no hope of perstitious fears. If, for instance, heaven.

some one in the room sneezes once, A Jealous Heart it is sure to bring misfortune; two sneezes are all right. It took me We will not be surprized to find some time, when in company with the heart of the Mohammedan woman my Mohammedan friends, to learn to a very jealous heart when 'we learn invent a second sneeze when it did something of her home-life. Never not come naturally! can I forget the scenes in some of There is the fear that hangs over the homes visited in Persia, where the young girl as she is sent out there were two or three wives of the from her father's home to an un- same man, and the superior wife, the known husband, -an unknown mother- one in special favor, would receive in-law, and the absolutely unknown her callers and do all the honors of future. The little, shrinking girl, af- the home, while some older woman ter a question has been asked by a who had borne children to her huspriest outside the curtain or a win- band and had at one time been at dow, and 'Some old woman has an- the head of that home was not even swered for her, must sit, silent and allowed to sit in our presence. These almost motionless through the long conditions very often result in the festivities, awaiting the moment when poisoning of some favored wife by her husband comes into the room others, or in inflicting some terrible where she has been placed, lifts the injury. The results are disastrous, veil, and looks at her. In some re- not only to those who are injured, gions she knows full well that if he but in the reactipn upon the hearts does not like her appearance, he may of those whose jealousy drives them spit in her face and send her back to to desperate deeds.

her father. Even when this does not Impure Hearts occur, she knows that if she fails to bear him a son, if her health or her Do you wonder that we must speak beauty is lost, he may at a word di- of an impure heart after we have vorce her, or may bring in another visited these Moslem homes? It wife who will take the first place in. would be impossible for me to de- his affections. scribe to you the sin and impurity There is horrible, grinding fear of thought, word, and deed which all the time, and these women look are revealed to us who try to take into our faces and say: something of the light of Christ into

Mohammedan homes. Once, as a of the missionary ladies overheard man suddenly came into the room the old grandmother asking, "How and the women who were not of the do these people pray?" Shouting household cowered away in the cor- across the large room, the missionary ner and pulled their chudders over told of how we go to our Heavenly their faces, the incident led to con- Father with all that concerns us, of versation, and I can not forget how family prayer, and secret prayer; and one woman exclaimed, "It is all then we were electrified, as our host- right for you to see and be seen. ess asked, "Did you bring the Book?

Your hearts are pure, but ours are Will you read us something?" Next not." day they said to a mutual friend of Hungry Hearts ours, "Those women seemed so free and happy,' while we-we are just Not only do we find a sorrowful like animals caged in."

heart, a heart full of fear and jeal- Responsive Hearts ousy and impurity, but it is a hungry heart as well. One day a Moham- Yes, they are hungry for some- medan woman, the sister of a high thing bigger and better, and as we.

ecclesiastic, called on us with her see how many of them use the op- daughter, daughter-in-law, several portunities they have, we realize that children, and a number of servants. we are dealing with responsive hearts.

It was a call of curiosity, and one of See how they are responding in vari- the most uncomfortable I have ever ous Mohammedan lands-Turkey, received. They refused to drink our Egypt, Persia-where changes are pussy-willow water because anything taking place with startling rapidity.

wet belonging to a Christian defiles It seems strange, indeed, to read of one so much more quickly than some- the "New Woman in Persia," and to thing dry; a few felt obliged to drink hear that in 1912 the American our tea, but hurried home to rinse School in Teheran enrolled more than their mouths 'from its unholy con- r60 Persian girls alone, while there tamination. They found fault with are said to be 70 schools for girls in us and what we said and did, and that city-schools that have sprung it was with no pleasant anticipations up suddenly in response to the eager that we started out to return their demands for education and enlighten- call. Noone received us at the gate, ment for women. At the closing ex- nor at the threshold of the house. ercises of the mission school for little In the ante-room we had to pick Moslem girls in U rumia, the mothers, our way around one of the daugh- older sisters' and neighbors sat lis- ters, who was ostentatiously saying tening in wonder and delight as the her prayers toward Mecca. The at- children told Bible stories, sang mosphere of the large reception room Christian hymns, recited their lessons was absolutely icy; and tho the in various languages and displayed proper refreshments were served with their needle-work. One mother was all due ceremony, our remarks and overheard to whisper to another, questions were answered with mono- "We are like animals, but just see syllables or not at all. Suddenly one what our daughters are going to be!"

HEART OF THE MOHAMMEDAN

Grateful Hearts Jesus Chdst and learned to rever- ence and to love Him. After finish- Many a grateful heart have I found ing the New Testament she was with among my Mohammedan friends-a difficulty persuaded to read the Old heart that tried in some way to ex- Testament, for she did not want to pres's warm appreciation for love and stop reading about Christ. But soon sympathy and help. A woman who she came with a shining face to say had accepted Christ as her Savior she had found Him in the story of came one day with her young daugh- the creation. The book of Leviticus ter, whose wailing, sickly baby was thrilled her deeply. She came to improperly nourished, and who was say how she had been comparing it forced by her mother-in-law to keep with the book of Hebrews, and the it quiet at night with doses of opium. matter seemed to her like this: The After I had shown them how to pre- book of Leviticus was like a person pare the baby's milk and had given who had a great, terrible debt (it them a much-prized American medi- is the chronic condition for a Percine bottle as a nursing bottle, the sian to be in debt which rolls up at grandmother exclaimed, "Jesus Christ 10, 20, 60, or 100 per cent. of intold us to take all our troubles to terest), and was trying to pay it half Him. We bring ours to you and you a cent at a time, while the Epistle help us!" to the Hebrews showed how Christ paid it once for all! Receptive Hearts Could any of us have explained the People in this Christian land ask us matter more satisfactorily? in tones of doubt if it is possible for a Mohammedan to become a Chris- One day Miss Van Duzee learned tian. Yes, indeed, for we have to of an old Mohammedan woman lying deal with a heart capable of receiving sick, her eyesight gone. So she Christ. Let me introduce you to my began .to call on her regularly and to friend R—, who had, marvelous read her some of the beautiful Bible to say, learned to read, and was stories. Slowly the woman began to married to a renegade Christian. He understand the "good news" through proved to be superior to any of the the glorious simplicity of those Goshusbands of her friends So that after pel words, and when one day the his death she could never be persuaded reading was about the "many manto marry again lest a Mohammedan sions," it really seemed as tho a new husband should not measure up to his light had burst in on that darkene-l excellencies. One of my missionary soul. The next week, when Miss neighbors became acquainted with Van Duzee made her call, the woman R—, and after some effort pre- was too weak for conversation or vailed on her to read tIle New Testa- reading, but she drew her visitor ment. However, as she insisted on down by the bedside and whispered, beginning at the book of Revelation, "I am going, and when I get there and was unabl~ to understand all its I am going to sweep out a mansion contents, she declared the Koran to and have it ready for you when you be far superior to the Bible. After come !" And the next week when a while, however, she began to study Miss Van Duzee called, she learned the Gospels, and there she found

that her old friend had died cal1ing hammedan wO):l1en and girls, may our for forgiveness on the sinless Christ hearts be stirred by the love of who had died for her sins. Christ to an eager response until each one of them has learned that Oh, as we think of these sinful, for her there is a mansion waiting in sorrowing, hungry, responsive hearts the home above! of the more than 100,000,000 Mo- THE GLORY OF THE IMPOSSIBLE BY MISS I. LILIAS TROTTER, TUNIS "Y ou do not test the resources of God till you try the impossible."-F. B. MEYER. "God loves with a great love the man whose heart is bursting with a passion for the impossible."-WILLIAM BOOTH. "We have a God Who delights in impossibilities."-ANDREW MURRAY.

~F AR up in the Alpine hol- as if it bore the traces of the flight lows, year by year, through which it had come. God works one of His marvels. The s now – And the fragile thing rings an patches lie there, frozen echo in our hearts that none of the into ice at their edges jewel-like flowers nestled in the warm from the strife of sunny days and turf on the slopes below, could waken. frosty nights; and through that ice- We love to see the impossible accomcrust come, unscathed, flowers in full plished. And so does q()d. bloom. **** Back in the days of the bygone summer. the little soldanella plant spread Gazing north, south, east, and west its leaves wide and flat on the ground over His world, with the signs of com- . to drink in the sun-rays, and it kept ing spring in one nation after another, them stored in the root through the two great tracts catch our eye, still winter. Then spring came, and stirred frost-bound, as it were, in snow and its pulses even below the snow-shroud. ice. Hitherto, in the main, they have And as it sprouted, warmth was given held out against the gleams of His out in such a strange measure that it sunshine, that have come to them, and thawed a little dome in the snow above it looks as if it must be long before its head. Higher and higher it grew, we shall see grass and flowers appear. and always above it rose the bell of They are the Caste Religions of India, air, till the flowerbud formed safely and yet more unbroken in its resistwithin it; and at last the icy covering ance, the power of Islam throughout of the air-bell gave way, and let the the world. blossom through into the sunshine, the crystaline texture of its mauve And the watchers there have a fight petals sparkling like the snow itself, sometimes, lest the numbness and chill that reign around should creep into their own souls with the hope de- ferred; and the longer they stay, the

GLORY OF THE

more keenly they realize the dead purpose of the devil, that these his two weight, impenetrable, immovable, that entrenched positions, shall not be shut;, down like .3 tombstone the weak wrested from him. He employs every little germs of life that lie buried be- art of hell to keep the truth from neilth it. r~aching the souls bound there; or, if It may be you have, half uncon- it reaches, from touching them; or, if ciously, avoided looking the situation it touches, from waking them into life square in the face, lest faith should and liberty.

be weakened. But faith that has to This is a distant sight of these great ignore facts is not real faith. snowfields; but it can give no sense of Think over steadily the position of the icy coldness and hardness that per- one of these imprisoned souls as he vade them. For that you need contact.

comes in contact with God's message. Then the Adversary goes a step Try to understand the intense preju- further. Not content with dealing di- dice and conservatism, the absolute rectly with his captives, he rivets their satisfaction with a creed that fits so chains by dealing with God's people well the religious instincts, and leaves about them. He works on our unbe- him so free to sin. Then, if a stir be- lief and our faintheartedness, and gins in the rigidity of his mind and breathes a half-uttered word-"impos- the torpor of his conscience, and he sible."

wakes out of the paralysis of fatalism, Ah, but he over-reaches himself it is only to stumble up against a fresh when he gets to that word. He means barrier. His very heartstrings are in- it to sound like a knell, and instead volved in the matter. Think what it of that it breaks into a ringing chime means for him, with his Eastern im- of hope: for agination and his Eastern timidity, to "Things that are impossible with face the havoc that confession of men are possible with God."

Christ would involve-the dislocation Yes: face it out to the end: cast of every social detail, the wrecking away every shadow of hope on the hu- of home and prospects, and the break- man side as a positive hindrance to the ing of the hearts of those he loves. Divine; heap the difficulties together Everything that has made life to him recklessly, and pile on as many more must go, and possibly life itself, if he as you can find; you can not get be- moves toward the light. yond that blest climax of impossibility.

Behind all this and beyond it, both Let faith swing out on Him. He is in this case of Mohammedanism and the God of the impossible.

Caste, is the strange, magnetic hold of It is no new pathway, this. "The the system over every fiber of the na- steps of … our father Abraham trod ture. It is so strong that even tiny it long ago;" and the sentences at the children are nnder its spell-creatures beginning of this paper bear witness that with us would be still in the that the footprints of those who "do nursery, take a pride and delight in know their God," mark it still.

their stern Caste regulations, and their Look in the Revised Version at the share in the Ramadan fast. And be- description of how Abraham went hind that again, and probably the true forth. He considered (there is such a explanation of the fascination, lies the beautiful quietness in the word) the

whole extent of the hopelessness, and God gives "a passion for the impos- went straight forward as if it did not sible."

exist, "being fully persuaded that what And if these promises are not He had promised He was able also to enough, there is an infinite horizon perform." out beyond them in God Himself. If But have we a promise to go on, for it were only a matter of asking Him these people? Has God spoken any- to repeat the miracles of the past, faith thing upon which we can reckon for would have plenty of room. But He them? is not bound to reproduce. He is the Do we need more than the follow- Creator: have we ever let our hearts ing? I think not. and hopes go out to the glory of that "0 Lord, my strength … the Gen- Name? Look at the tiny measure of tiles shall come unto Thee from the creative power given to man, in music, ends of the earth, and shall say, Surely poetry, art-where there is a spark of our fathers have inherited lies, vanity it, how it refuses to be fettered by and things wherein is no profit. repeating itself! The history of His "Shall a man make gods unto him- wonders in the past is a constant suc- self, and they are no gods? cession of new things, and He is not "Therefore, behold, I will this once at the end of His resources yet. Years cause them to know Mine Hand and ago, at Keswick, Dr. Campbell Morgan My Might, and they shall know that gave us this rendering of John 15.7: I am the Lord." "If ye abide in Me, and My words From the ends of the earth-the abide in you, ye shaill demand that for farthest away and the hardest to win which ye are inclined, and it shall be -they shall come with the cry of generated for you." "Generated for broken hopes that nothing can wring you"-oh the depth of the "possible from them yet, sweeping away the with God" that lies in these words!

idolized prophet and the idols of wood Will you ask Him to do a new thing and stone among the "things wherein among these fast-bound races: to there is no profit." And oh the tri- Itgenerate" a glow of Holy Ghost fire umph of the words, "I will this once that will melt its way up through all cause them to know, I will cause them the icy barriers, and set a host free?

to know Mine Hand and My Might!" Hitherto the work done has been And lifting the veil from the time more like trying to break through these to come, we have the vision, "I be- barriers from above, in the hopes of held, and 10 a great multitude which finding solitary life-germs imprisoned no man could number, of all nations, -how few they have been, and how and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stunted and weak for the most part, stood before the throne, and before the at any rate, among the Moslem races.

Lamb, clothed with white robes, and God has yet to show what can be done palms in their hands." if He stirs thus by His Spirit from Have the Mohammedans and the within.

Cas'te races a fair representation there No matter if for the time it is a hid- yet? If not, those who shall stand den process: the sunlight will be stor- before tpe throne are still to be found. ing underground as you pray, and life They will be found by those to whom will be set moving. Nothing is seen

A DEBT, OR A CHARITY-WHICH?

of the soldanella under its frozen crust, Let us, then, give ourselves up till the moment comes when the top of to believe for this new thing on the the air-bell gives way, and the flower earth. Let us dare to test God's reis there. We believe that God is be- sources on it. Let us ask Him to ginning already a mighty work below kindle in us and keep aflame that pasthe surface in these seemingly hopeless sion for the impossible that shall make fields, and that it may be with the same us deUght in it with Him, till the day suddenness that it will be manifested; when we shall see it transformed into and the miracle of the snow-hollows a fact. will be wrought afresh by the crowding up of human souls who have won "Behold, I am the Lord, the God of through in the hardest of fights. all flesh: is there anything too hard for Met"

MISSIONS A DEBT, OR A CHARITY-WHICH?

BY REV. R. H. GLOVER, D.O.

"I am debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians. . . . So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the Gospel to you also that are in Rome."-Rom. i: 14-15.

~I N these forcible words to be feared that very many even of tph~ees~grheisat owAnpopsetl~eso~eaxl- those who do profess and possess a mIssIonary convIctIon degree of interest in this work con- and resolve. He con- ceive of it merely as a charity. fest himself the hea- Is there any essential difference bethen's debtor. He owed them the tween regarding missions as a charity Gospel. Even tho he had already done and as a debt f Here comes a ragged, more along this line than any dozen unkempt creature, holding out his other men of his time, he laid no claim dirty cap to me. I recognize him as a to merit, nor considered that he was beggar. So I pull out a coin-a conferring any favor on the Romans in nickel, a dime, anything-and throw making an added effort to take them it to him. That is "charity." It is the Gospel. It was his duty, his debt, cheap: it is easy. It is free from and he was only seeking, as an honest any sense of responsibility, purely a man, to discharge it. matter of personal choice. But now another man steps up and hands me a But if it was for Paul a debt, can bit of paper. I open it and find it a it be· something less for the rest of us? Yet, the majority of professing bill of debt-for $100. Do I presume Christians regard missions with utter indifference, missionaries as an enig- to get rid of this second man as I did ma, and their task as self-imposed. the first, by flinging him the first coin They wonder by what strange freak that comes handy? By no means. It of nature certain pious people choose is a very different matter, for this is to go and live among yellow or black a debt, and I am bound to face it folks rather than stay at home. It is seriously, and do everything in my power to wipe it out, to the very last cent.

Missions viewed as a charity-sec- one supreme thing. They play at mis- ondary, optional, no serious concern sions as a sort of diversion; she works or prayer or effort, spasmodic and in- at missions as the business of her life.

significant giving. In which light have you regarded Missions viewed as a debt-pri- this work-as exprest by your pray- mary, obligatory, deep heart concern ers, your gifts, your efforts to go?

and prayer and effort, systematic and Has your conscience been convicted sacrificing giving. of a debt you owe the heathen, or Charity foots the list of your ex- have only your emotions been stirred penditure and claims your spare cash. at times with a feeling of pity?

Debt heads the list, if you are con- We OWE the heathen the Gospel; scientious, and cuts out everything we are their DEBTORS. non-essential, until it is fully met. You give a little of the interest on your Out of gratitHde for our own salva.- money to charity, but you dip deep tion, since only "by the grace of God down into your principal and give all, I am what I am"; if need be, to pay your debts. Out of loyalty to Christ, Who com- In a church where a number of the missioned us to go into all the world leading members are all earning liberal and preach the Gospel to every creasalaries, they profess great interest in ture; missions, but that church gives $25 a year to the cause. On the other hand, Out of compassion for heathen suf- I know of a colored washerwoman fering and sorrow; and finally who puts $200 into the missionary offering. It is her yearly custom. Out of the realization that in the What makes the difference between Gospel we have the only remedy for those two standards of giving? Sim- their temporal ills and the only an- swer to their soul's eternal needs.

May God convict His children of ply the viewpoint. The church treats their debts, and make them "ready, missions as a charity, the woman as as much as in them is" to meet them!

a debt, and both give acsordingly. Then, at last, will there be no lack of To the church it is one among a score missionaries to go, or intercessors to of equally important (or unimport- pray, or money to send. May this ant!) things; to the woman it is the conviction begin 'With YOU.

A WIDOW'S MITE At a mission in Northampton, EngIa-nd, a poor woman was present who earned her living by stitching boots at one halfpenny a boot. During one of the services she rose and said: "I will have a share in this effort to save souls." For 40 days she sewed two boots each day for Christ, and put aside the penny paid for them. At the end of 40 days she modestly carried the three shillings and four pence to the mission to help forward the work in the prisons of England.

S'l'PERINTEKDENT L<) NG AT HIS

PREACHING THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE A STORY OF THE INASMUCH MISSION, PHILADELPHIA BY GEORGE LONG, SUPERINTENDENT OR fifty years there ex- promoting the now well-known and isted a little segregated sLlccessful "Inasmuch" Mission. village of vice which became famous, owing The story of the inception and to the fact that it was formation of this work, together with located in the heart of its unique method, has attracted the attention of religious and social Philadelphia's business and exclusive workers from everywhere; in fact, residential section. The district was the eyes of the religious world are known as Hell's Half Acre. It was centered upon it. well named. The writer, having lived in the slums of many of the large In the Beginning cities, with a full knowledge of the underworld, had never in his 20 years About July I, 1909, the wasted of experience in this life of sin and remains of what once had resembled degradation seen conditions worse a man, was drifting midst the slime than confronted him and his asso- and filth of the tenderloin of Philaciates when they opened their cam- delphia. After being ej ected from paign of rescue by organizing and his vile rendezvous he wandered aim- lessly among the hundreds of human derelicts that are found in the slums

of all large cities. Every substance budded into the glorious inspiration having been wasted, a moral, mental of the "Ina:smuch" Association, and physical wreck; dissipation had which shortly afterward blossomed sapped the last ounce 6f vitality- into the "Inasmuch" Mission. leaning against a building, with his A devoted and faithful little band brain petrified and saturated with of Christian workers, calling them- cheap whisky, cocaine, morphine and selves the Island League, give their opium, in a dazed and weakened con- time in bringing joy and comfort to dition, trembling with a thousand the poor, sick, and needy in the City fears, suffering with horrible hallu- Home on Blackwell's Island. The cinations, the refrain of that beauti- motto of this band is "'Inasmuch' as ful old hymn, "Nearer, My God, To. ye have done it unto the least of Thee," came through the open win- these, My brethren, ye have done it dow above his head. The old hymn unto Me." Mat.. 2S :40. Its presipenetrated the callous heart of its dent was a constant attendant and listener, and its magic drew him personal worker at the old Jerry through the open door of Galilee McAuley Mission, Water Street, New Mission. A feeling of security-yet York. After meeting the derelict a feeling of indescribable fear-sent mentioned above who had been led the wanderer from the little chapel to New York City, and to the famous back again into the streets. During old mission, he invited him to accomhis short stay in the meeting he heard pany the band on one of its trips to a voice, but did not recognize it at Blackwell's Island, where the fasthe time-but which he has since cination and joy in the service of learned was the voice of J esus- Christ was fully revealed to George it brought him to a realization that he Long-now superintendent of the was lost. The fear of God, some- "Inasmuch" Mission. A spiritual thing he had never known, soon drew ·vision was born in his heart. him back again to the haunts of the After a year of service, which reunderworld. Yet, when the service sulted in a remarkable spiritual and began the following night this physical growth, George Long accepted strange power drew him again to a call from the superintendent of Galithis haven of rest. Night after night lee Mission, to return to the blessed for about three weeks this human spot where he found Jesus. Six months derelict repeated his visits, until be- of endeavor as a personal worker ing noticed by the superintendent, not only resulted in the conversion who approached him as he sat in a of scores of lost souls, but enabled rear seat (with many others in a the worker to develop a Cnristian like condition), on that never-to-be- character and personality that drew forgotten, memorial night, July 20, many to him-among whom was a 1909. This worthless specimen of Christian man who told to him the humanity saw a great light, as did story of Hell's Half Acre, and inci- Saul of Tarsus, and not only was dentally remarked that there were this poor sinner born into the King- a group of 20 houses situated in dom of Heaven, but the seed was the center of this crime-ridden dissown which less than two years after trict, that had been unoccupied for

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

a number of years: These houses dreds of decks of playing cards, sevhad been used for years and years eral discarded silk wrappers, a dozen in the past for dens of vice and or more barrels of whisky and beer crime. Dpon learning the name of bottles, etc., etc.-in fact, II loads of the owner of this property, George this sort of debris were carried from Long, with some of his associates, this one building. It must be recalled on him. It is hard to forget membered that this work was all the sympathetic smile which illumined being done on· faith. The original the good-natured face of Dr. George capital of its founders amounted to SOME OF THE RAW MATERIAL AT THE MISSION Woodward when presented with a 27 cents. The superintendent, with proposition by these redeemed men his blackened character behind him, to open a rescue mission in his de- found it very difficult to interest any serted old houses, but he quickly con- whom might help, but having felt it sented to give the use of the houses was the direct Will of God, he gratis. claimed the promises of Christ, and through consecrated prayer, one by Transformed Houses one the articles of furniture, etc., began to come in. By March 24, It took many weeks of hard work 1911, the store Of the building at to scrape and clean the main build- IOI9 Locust Street was in readiness ing, now used as a chapel, offices to hold the first meeting. At 12 and living room of the superintendent o'clock at noon on that day a little and his wife. The contents of this house, like the rest, consisted of hun-

group–made tIP of about a dozen their honor has been a new experi- men (most of them redeemed drunk- ence with most of them, and it is ards) , sent a mighty prayer of con- remarkable how a great majority of secration up to the Throne of Grace. them have shown (and are show- Just what has been accomplished from ing) their gratitude to the cause, that date until now (a little less than At the present time one of the most two years), would fill a large sized important sources of revenue comes book. I will, however, endeavor to from our redeemed men, give the meat of the method of work, together with results obtained. At the beginning of onr work, when our plan ,vas made known, The original plan was, and is to- those who had experience in this line day, to help men and women who were skeptical; they claimed that show a disposition to help themselves while our faith was beautiful, we -to feed the hungry, clothe the would, nevertheless, be loaded up needy, giving comfort, strength and with a lot of bums who would simply sympathy, both material and spiritual, work the place for a good thing. with but one object in view-to do They failed to recognize that the the work of Christ, i.e.} to seek and management of this new venture had to save "that which wa:s lost." The come through the mill and knew the plant to-day consists of a half dozen tricks of the trade, which made it of the original 20 houses, fully impossible for an impostor to get equipped with dormitories, shower very far. lVe have also demonstrated baths, splendid kitchen, eating rooms, that the poor fellow who is down etc., an average of 40 men under and out (in many cases having been reconstruction are living in the mis- kicked about for years), ,yill yield sion. It would be interesting to see to real sympathy–espccially when the various stages these men pass given by one who has lived the same through from the day of their ad- life. The impostor is given fooel and mittance. Of course, most of them shelter, but asked to leave in the come to us in such a wretched con- mornmg. Those who mean business dition that every other door is shut are given a bath, clean clothing, and against them. No questions as to plenty of time to regain their physichurch, belief or otherwise are asked cal strength. If they continue to grow in the rig-ht way, work is sethese derelicts, who apply daily for cured for them. Then they have the help-no one is refused food or 'shel- preference of staying in the instituter. There are no industrial features, tion until deemed strong enough no charge is made for anything. A spiritually to live away from the little notice at the conclusion of the simple rules which are hung in the miSSIOn. plant reads as follows: "Everything you receive here is free, and comes Some Results from God. If He, through His great love, helps you, let us remember the We have never had any difficulty other fellow who is'in the ~ame con- in securing employment for our men. dition we once were." In fact, the demand has been greater than the supply. There is hardly a Placing these poor unfortunates on day passes that we do not receive several calls for men for almost every

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

kind of employment. It has become who are working for us have proved an established fact with employers steady and filled their positions to that we will not send a man out un- our satisfaction. less we can recommend him, and it is most gratifying to know that of "Very respectfully yours, the 3,000 or more for whom em- Signed, "THOMAS S. DOWNING, JR., ployment has been obtained, a splendid percentage has made good. The "Coatesville Rolling Mill Co." following is the copy of one of the many encouraging letters on file 1I1 A card index system was instituted our office: at the inception of the work, which is a very important factor in the "In regard to your inquiry as to following-up of those who profess conversion. "While this system is far from being perfect, yet it has proved INTERIOR OF THE IN ASMUCH MISSION, PH ILADELPH I A what success we are having with the a mighty asset to the work, and we men we have brought out from the have on file in our office a complete Inasmuch Mission to work in our record of most of the men who have mills here, I beg to inform you that been under our observation-showing we have brought out up to this date date of their coming to mission, final somewhat over 150 men. 'He have disposition made of them, their presbetween 50 and 60 per cent. of these ent standing, etc. men working with us at present, and I think I can safely 'Say that we are We have learned the value of the very well pleased with the results we card index, and find that it is the have obtained in securing men missing link to a constructive work through your mission. We have been of rescue; therefore, we are conable to get several very satisfactory stantly working to improve this sy'Sworkmen, and as a whole the men ~m of follow-up. It is a very easy matter to preach the Gospel and leave

the results with God, but we can not for open-air services in and through bring ourselves to believe that our the tenderloin. God has wonderfully duty ends there. blest these street meetings, and the The zeal and desire shown by great amount of good coming from many of our redeemed men is most them will never be known. The remarkable. Only recently about 20 converts of the mission have been of them banded themselves together only too eager to give their testi- and formed a little organization which monies from this truck. The follow- they called the "Inasmuch Service ing is only one of the many known League," and after meditation and. results through this endeavor: prayer drew up the following plat- "My DEAR MR. LoNG: form, which has been framed and "On Saturday night, January IIth, hangs in our little chapel: I happened to pass along Market Principles and Purpose Street at the time the testimonies INASMUCH SERVICE LEAGUE were given of what God had done Whereas, Almighty God, in His for sinners, and I thought if He could great mercy, has seen fit to establish forgive them, why not me. When I THE INASMUCH MISSION got to my stopping place I asked God for the purpose of saving souls and to forgive my sins, and I promised leading men to the Him If He could help me I would go Kingdom of Jesus Christ, to work and be honest. God did we, the undersigned converts, believe answer my prayer, and I am now it our duty to render all the aid and earning an honest living, and with assistance in the work of the mission His help I am through with the old.

under the direction of the superin- life of sin. How better one feels for tendent, according to our several being free. Why, I can now lie abilities, and, down at night and sleep in peace, Whereas, after prayer and medita- whereas, before I was not only tion we believe service can be ren- troubled by my conscience, but by dered by all those who are sincerely the fear of the authorities as well.

converted, through the united efforts You are doing a noble work, Mr.

of all such converts in an organiza- Long, and may God bless and keep tion having for its object the ad- and help you to save many poor, vancement of Christ's Kingdom weary souls. I do 1'10t know whether among fallen men, your field takes in woman; if it does Wherefore, we resolve and agree and you ever happen to meet a wom- to institute such an organization and an by the name of , I wish place it and its individual members you would let me know. You will at the disposal of the superintendent hear from me again. Accept the en- to assist him in furthering the work closed donation, and my best wishes of the mission under any and all lines for success.

he may suggest." "Yours sincerely, About four months ago a friend of " "

the mission presented to the superin- A Convert'. Testimony tendent an auto truck, which was. Time will not permit me to go completely fitted up with organ,. etc., into the scores of personal testi-

THE GOSPEL IN HELL'S HALF ACRE

monies; they would have to be seen Mission), in a cheap lodging house.

and heard to be appreciated. Our He took me to the mission, and after nightly meetings are given over to spending three days in what is called the testimonies of our converts. They the 'flop' or 'alcoholic' ward of the are most inspiring and helpful to all.

I will, however, submit to you one of them: "There was a time in my life when I thought I was the last man to be addicted to intoxicating liquor, and often said that I hoped the first time I took a drink it would kill me.

I began drinking socially-first beer once in a while with the men I worked with, and it gradually went on until after a big head in the morn- ing I had to have two or three whis- kys before I was able to do anything -always thinking, like other poor fellows, when I wanted to stop I could, and was often told by my friends what my end would be if I continued to drink. My answer gen- erally was 'that it was my business and my money,' little thinking how WILLIAM BECK I was worrying my loved ones and bringing trouble and sorrow to them. A converrt of the mission, who came in a ragged The time finally came when I real- drunkard at the age of sixty. He is now ized I was a lost drunkard, and sexton of one of the leading churches in Philadelphia finally reached the gutter. At this mission-suffering the tortures of hell time my dear wife left me-taking and praying constantly for death, I with her our two beautiful children, was induced to attend one of the a boy of eight and a girl of two. I meetings, and after hearing the testi- remember how relieved I felt to find monies, I felt that there was hope for that I had nothing and nobody to me. When the invitation was given care for but myself and rum. For I was more than glad to throw my- nine months I lived the life of a self on the mercy of God, and on common bum. I managed to keep that night, October 9, 19II, God agoing by doing odd jobs, just surely did answer my prayer for enough to get rum, because I did not death, for the old man died and a need much food. One by one my new creature in Christ Jesus was friends had turned me down, until born. After staying at th'e mission I found every door shut in my face. for ten days, I secured employment Sick and helpless after a nine days' with myoid employer, where I am debauch, I was found by my brother to-day, having been promoted several (one of the converts of the Inasmuch times. It took nine months of pa-

tienee and prayer to gain even the vania. When Bishop Rhinelander slightest hope from my dear wife and moved into I025 Spruce Street, he children, but at the end of that time was astonished to find that the rear God sent them back to me, and to- windows of his new home looked day we have a comfortable and happy out into Hell's Half Acre. Having heard of the "Inasmuch" Mission, he GEORGE LONG became interested and wrote a letter to Mr. Long, asking for an inter- Superintendent and founder of the "Inasmuch view. Upon hearing the story of the l'Jjssion" mission, the bishop became enthusi- astic, and from that day to this the home. God has wonderfully blest work has been near to his heart. Last fall the superintendent began to me, and is fulfilling His promises in feel the need of substantial help and advice. He appealed to Bishop my life day by day. When I meet RhineLi.nder, who gladly consented to call together a number of Philaa man on the street who is in the delphia's prominent clergymen and laymen, asking them to form a board same condition as I was, I always of managers. As a result, the fol- lowing board organized and went into stop and tell him about the Inasmuch office November 1st of last year: President, Bishop Ph. M. Rhineland- Mission and what it has done for er; treasurer, Arthur V. Morton; secretary, Mrs. George Long; Rev. me, and let him know there is a ]. ]. Joyce Moore, Rev. David M.

chance for the man who wants to Steele, Rev. G. J. vValenta, Mr.

help himself. Morris V. Stroud, Dr. George Voodward, Dr. Herbert M. Goddard, "One year, four months, one week Mr. George Vharton Pepper.

and three days of freedom from sin Two years ago Hell's Half Acre comprised about 65 disorderly houses of the lowest type, several opium joint, policy shops, gambling houses, and dens of vice of the lowest char- acter. These dens have been forced out of business, until (thank God), Hell's Half Acre is no more.

and drink, and to God I give all the Results Obtained Since the Inception glory. "JOSEPH CfIRLIN." of the Mission, March 24, 19II, The New Organization to February I, 1913 A little more than a year ago God, Attendance 81,694 in His great wisdom, sent as a resident to Hell's Half Acre the new Lodgings – 35,461 bishop of the Diocese of Penl1'syl- Meals served – – – 95,278 Profest conversion – 5,068

IN HUNGARY AND IN

UNITED STATES Compiled from papers by l-tcv. .lcx ilarsamji, IIo111eslead, Pa., for twenty years a missionary to n. Hungarialls 1ll ~mcrica.-E. P.

~T HO nearly half the This is one of the youngest of the population of Hungary Protestant denominations to gain a call themselves Catho- foothold among the Magyars. It lics and the Church is first started in Hungary in 1874, but backed by the power was not recognized by the govern- of the government, and ment until 1905. According to the enjoys large revenues and great in- most authentic data available, the fluence, the Protestant bodies have Baptists in Hungary number about a membership of nearly 4,000,000 and are constantly gaining adherents and 16,000. gradually extending their fields of The Reformed Church of Hungary as the most important and powerful usefulness. Among the Protestant Protestant body receives annually denominations the Reformed, or Cal- several million crowns from the govvinist Church leads in numbers with ernment for the support of its para membership of over 2,600,000 and ochial schools and in recognition of is, therefore, the largest Reformed its social services. It employs about Church body on the continent of 25,000 teachers, while 2,000 congre- Europe. The remaining Protestant gations are ministered to by about the same number of clergymen. Church membership is divided be- Seven years ago the Hungarian Retween the Lutheran, Unitarian and formed Churches joined the Alliance Baptist denominations. Until 1894, of the Reformed Churches holding there was no such thing as real re- the Presbyterian system. ligious liberty in Hungary. Men were compelled to belong to one of the de- It is unfortunate that under the nominations recognized by the gov- present church conditions in Hungary ernment, and to support the church individual soul-saving, as we underill which they were born; that is, the sland it, is almost impossible, for church of their parents. Such Pro- while some of the Protestant congretestant denominations as the Method- gations number only a few hundreds,' ists, Protestants and Baptists were many run into thousands. Thus in not allowed to form congregations. Debreezin, there are only five The laws passed in 1894 made liberal churches for 50,000 Calvinists, makconcessions and incidentally opened ing it impossible for the several the way for the spread of atheism. ministers to do more than attend to Parents are no longer obliged to the regular services of the church.

have their children baptized. State In the United States marriage is now strictly enforced, and elementary education is being The majority of Hungarians in the slowly, but surely, taken out of the United States have come here withhands of the different religious de- in the last 15 years. While almost nominations. A t present the only all are ignorant of English when Protestant Church body making they arrive, the greater number can proselytes in Hungary is the Baptist. read or write in some language. They generally bear a reputation for

honesty and are more intelligent welfare, and tho of a different race, than the Slavs with whom they are we are all children of the same lov- so often confused. Morally and in- ing Father.

tellectually the Protestants are supe- "While much has been done for rior to their Catholic compatriots. the Hungarians in this country along Missionary work among the Hun- religious lines, they would more read- garians in America has been carried ily respond to the appeal of the on successfully for many years with church if they could be improved . gratifying results, but many colonies morally and educationally. Social have not been touched by the gospel, conditions in many of the foreign and have never heard the Word of settlements are deplorable. Provi- God. The Rev. Alex. Harsamji, who sion should be made by the great for nearly 20 years has been engaged firms, or companies employing thou- in missionary work among immigrants, sands of laborers, for decent places and especially Hungarians in Amer- of resort where the workmen could ica, has this to say: "I wish to make meet for healthful enjoyment instead a special plea for help to enable of being forced to seek saloons, or those of foreign birth to form little other disreputable places. And steps congregations and establish little should be taken to protect them from places of worship. Give them minis- the powers that prey, that they may ters who would preach to them in not be victimized and cheated out of their mother tongue; the only lan- hard earnings. We should defend guage they understand. Distribute them against every injustice that they Bibles, tracts, and religious literature may have faith in our laws and learn among them and a blest harvest will to love our country. I should be glad be reaped. to see a Y. M. C. A. led by foreign- "I am not unmindful of the great ers, established as a social center in good that has been done and is be- every foreign settlement in the United ing done by the Presbyterian and Re- States. There are over 1,000,000 formed Churches of the United States Hungarians in this country, but only for the Magyars and Slavs. The two Y. M. C. A.'s for their exclusive former supports 30 missions and the benefit. It is true that we have a few latter IO missions for the Magyars young people's societies connected and about as many for the Slavs. with some of the Hungarian churches, They are all flourishing institutions, but these do not make such· a wide doing God's work in uplifting the appeal to the needs of our young men poor foreigners. There is also an in- as does the Y. M. C. A. There is a teresting church paper published in great need of good libraries in these Hungarian, and Sunday-school liter- foreign settlements which have neither ature and Sunday-school picture cards church nor mission; they would do are distributed quite freely among much to check the flood of vile, cheap the young people. This work is not literature that poisons the mind of the only done in the interests of the dif- poor laborer."

ferent churches, but to make the Has not God sent these foreigners stranger in a strange land feel that to America in order that Christian we have a brotherly anxiety in his people may give them the Gospel?

A DECADE OF WORK FOR THE

THE PRESBYTERIAN BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE ANY a man, if he dreamers. Modern church work, in its best development, not only aims IMl thinks of the Church to make, but does make men and at all, has only a vague women more efficient and self- conception of its far- respecting, it harmonizes class differ- reaching activities and beneficences. It does ences, broadens human sympathy, re- not represent to him a vast and virile fines home life and domestic rela- institution, an inspiration to noble tions, and makes the community a living; a tireless force for good in better place to live in, and these are social service, softening the asperities accomplishments which must speak of life, and refining the dross in hu- with compelling force to even the man nature. The Church is, no most thoughtless minds.

doubt, largely to blame that for so To the Presbyterian Church be- long it has hidden too much of its longs the distinction of being the light under a bushel, that its mar- first denomination in the United velous work for humanity is so little States to establish a department to known outside the ranks of church- study social problems. Other de- adherents. But in recent years many nominations in this country and in Christian workers have begun to feel Canada, Europe and Australia have that they should make known to the since inaugurated similar movements, world at large what the Church is so that now there are probably a doing to reach out helping hands in dozen bureaus actively engaged in every direction wherever there is hu- social service; every phase of the man need for moral and spiritual work being of a practical nature and betterment to the end thal men and immediately applicable to the church.

women may be inspired to right liv- On April I, 1913, the Bureau of ing and appreciate their obligations Social Service of the Presbyterian to each other, to the community and Church of the United States cele- to God. brated its tenth anniversary. The When the man in the street, the story of the work accomplished by non-church-goer, or indifferent church- the Bureau since its inception is one attendant, learns something of the of continued achievement, and among great humanitarian service the church the pioneer movements of the Ameri- is rendering, then many of them will can Church this service has a special take new interest, and it may secure value for the far reaching influence their cooperation. To accomplish such it must exert over ~he thoughtless desirable results, to paraphrase Dan- and irreligious elements in the com- ton's historic utterance, "We need munity. It is the declared purpose publicity, and more publicity, and of this Bureau "To place the religious ever more publicity." The practical emphasis upon social service, and the side of church movements will appeal social emphasis upon religious work.

strongly to the practical man of busi- To increase the efficiency of the ness, who too often regards Chris- church through standardized pro- tian workers as well-meaning vision- grams, which may be introduced into aries and impractical theorists and communities of a common type. To

bring about a more cordial relation- great downtown theater district of ship between the church and labor. the people. Here, until long after To give vision and program to mu- midnight, there is a blaze of light, nicipal authorities, so that they may and surging crowds, and clamor of minister more effectively to the social many voices, where every door in- and moral needs of the people. To vites to cheap, and often vicious, en- enlist men and women of the churches tertainment. South and east lie great in definite social service tasks." tenement districts, so densely popu- The Bureau of Social Service has lated that some blocks house 5,000 carried on investigations in about a people. Here socialism is strong, hundred cities, and in thousands of and the socialists hold mass meetings churches, and as a result of this in the various halls in winter, and in work, has reached certain definite summer harangue crowds 111 the conclusions which show how the streets.

church may become more effective in The Bureau of Social Service se- every community. lected this field because of its diffi- The Bureau in the important field culty. The purpose was, and is, to of Labor has accomplished some strik- demonstrate what the church can do ing results. There are six times as in such a community. And the Labor many men in the labor unions of the Temple is a success. The people are United States as there are in the losing their prejudice against the Presbyterian Church, and there are church, and have become friendly to certain well-organized movements it. They are getting a conception of among these workers which declare the significance of the old Gospel, and their antagonism to the church, and whether Jew or Catholic, Protestant seek to create bitterness, not only be- or Agnostic, they are learning the tween labor and capital, but between meaning of practical Christianity; labor and the church. The Dureau that they need it in their lives seven has been pushing various campaigns days in the week. Nine-tenths of the with special reference to labor, with average audience IS composed of marked success. The workingman, men; about one-half are Jews, and whether a member of a union or not, fully three-fourths are foreigners.

has too often a gross misconception Abobt 30 meetings are held in the of the church, its mission, and its Labor Temple every week, the Sun- work, and it has been the business day program being continuous from of the Bureau of Social Service to 2: 30 to ro. It begins with a chil- remove this misunderstanding, and dren's hour and an adult Bible class.

impress on him the necessity of re- An hour later is the Sunday-school, ligion and the church in his life, if and an organ recital in the auditori- he wishes true happiness. um at the evening service, when a Among the important things ac- choir of 80 voices begins with song, complished by the Bureau since its crowds are often turned back for inception was the establishment of lack of room. The sermon is always the Labor Temple, in lower New thoroughly evangelical, a practical York, at Fourteenth Street and Sec- heart-to-heart talk with men.

ond A venue, within a block of the Monday night is devoted to social

A DECADE OF WORK FOR THE NEEDY

purposes, when men and women living of labor. It established "Labor Sun- in cheerless halls, or shaft rooms, can day," now observed by nearly every get acquainted with each other among Protestant denomination in the pleasant Christian surroundings. United States. It originated the plan of the exchange of fraternal dele- It would be interesting to describe gates between ministers' associations in detail the weekly program of and central labor unions, now in meetings which are arranged to con- operation in over roo cities. Minis- tribute to the social and spiritual wel- ters often serve as chaplains to or- fare of every man, weiman, and child ganized labor, opening and closing in this vast parish. There is the the meetings with prayer. Their in- open forum for the discussion of fluence has entirely revolutionized the social problems; the Young Woman's discussion of social, moral, and eco- Club, or Class in Domestic Art; the nomic questions, and they have en- Imperators, a club for ambitious listed labor in practical reform meas- young men; the Temple Brotherhood, ures in towns and cities. For seven which discusses health problems and years the bureau has been sending shows the people how to get well delegates to the annual convention of and keep well; and there are classes the American Federation of Labor, in sight singing, in cooking, embroid- which at one time passed a resolu- ery, literature, etc., and varied ellter- tion prohibiting any minister from tainments and lectures of an edifying addressing the convention. and moral character. VVhatever is instructive and improving, that ap- Appreciating the value of publicity, peals to the mind and heart, that the Bureau furnishes an article every develops the best qualities in human week to 250 weeklies and roo month- nature, broadens the outlook, builds lies of the labor press. As a result, up character, and emphasizes the radical articles against the Church need of religion in all lives, these are rarely appear in labor periodicals, and things which the Labor Temple aims the general attitude of the working- to provide, and is succeeding. For man toward the Church has under- the people are tremendously in earn- gone a complete change. est about their own problems, and are willing to be helped in a democratic The Bureau conducts great work- spirit, tho they would be quick to ingmen's mass meetings nearly every resent anything which savored of pat- Sunday afternoon in winter, present- ronage or paternalism. "It is largely because the Church has not been ing the claims of JeSllS Christ and keenly sensitive to the changing con- ditions among the masses that its His Church to the toilers. In one hold upon the city is weakened. The year, in six cities, 500 ministers ad- 'old Gospel' must be preached with drest 1,000 different shop meetings, all its old-time fervor-but it is while at the same time a shop cam- largely a question of emphasis." paign, planned and directed by the Bureau, was conducted throughout the The Bureau of Social Service of country. The Bureau has also been the Presbyterian Church has done developing "industrial parishes" in other important things in the field industrial centers for the churches, each cht1fch becoming responsible for a particular shop. Since the Bureau inaugurated a workingman's temper-

ance movement, the liquor interests superintendent of the Social Service are losing their domination of organ- Bureau addrest groups of leading ized labor. The workingmen appre- citizens and authorities on social conciate what the Bureau is trying to ac- ditions discovered in these cities, sugcomplish, and the superintendent is gesting what action should be taken often called in to arbitrate industrial with a view to benefiting the com· disputes, and at times presides at munity. "While the Bureau of Social conferences where capital and labor Service is naturally interested in soare represented. These are hopeful cial evangelism and church efficiency signs. "Let us reason together." it has constantly sought to A most valuable feature of the demonstrate that evangelism which Bureau's work is its survey depart- seeks to regenerate the individual, ment, which investigates conditions may be harmonious with the social and recommends methods to meet service which seeks to regenerate an these conditions. These investigations entire community." have been made in nearly 100 cities and 1,000 churches. "The Bureau has We have only touched on a few of sought to interpret the movements of the most important features of the populations, especially in cities, antici- work which the Bureau of Social pating the character of church enter- Service is carrying on with such notprise required to meet the present able results, but enough has been situation and the fu~ure." written to show its value to the na- tion, as a powerful force for good in Representatives of the Bureau fre- improving social conditions, checking quently confer with mUlllcipal officers the forces of evil, harmonizing in various cities on social evils, edu- classes, and demonstrating the imcation, sanitation, prison reform, etc. perative need of the church to every During the past year in 20 cities the man and woman in the community.

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY?

TEN YEARS' GROWTH IN SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSIONS Per cent.

1902 1912 Increase Missionaries and wives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 354 63 Native preachers ……………………. 251 329 31 161 Bible women ……………………….. 78 204 120 Organized churches …………………. 292 643 Members …………………………… II,713 29,825 155 Increase for year.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 2,448 Sunday-schools ……………………… 372 580 56 Officers and teachers …… , , .. , …….. , .. 886 2,168 144 Pupils ……….. , ….. , … ,.,………… 10,463 31,347 199 Colleges, seminaries and boarding-schools.. 27 40 48 Pupils …….. ,……………………… 4,667 6,699 43 Day-schools .. ' … , ……. , …. , .. " .. ,',. 83 97 17 Pupils …….. , … , … , … , … , …… ,.,.. 2,769 3,463 25 Total pupils …. ,', … " ……. , … "….. 7.436 10,062 35° 8 Hospitals, dispensaries … " … , …….. ' , . 8 Patients treated .. , … , … , … , ……. ".. 26,362 59,025 124 Total income …………….. , ………. : $461,266 $894,777 94 The above exhibit, in a chart, 28×42 inches, together with three other strik- ing charts, may be secured for 25 cents from the Board of Missions, 810 Broad- way, Nashville. Tenn.

A lVIISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL REFORMERS IN THE NON. CHRISTIAN WORLD BY GEORGE W. HOLLISTER, DELAWARE, OHIO g;IgT is only in ccmpara- tively recent years was only developed through a very few individuals, yet in its effect it was , Christian nations have detrimental to society as a whole. Therefore it was a social evil. realized the claims of the non-Christian world In the light of this definition let us upon Christianity and consider just what are the social evils ;t~ representatives. A new conscious- of the non-Christian world. It is hard ness has brought a partial realization to analyze or dissect these evils. They of these claims. To-day we are im- form one big blot on the landscape, prest more than ever before with and it is only possible to suggest a few the vastness of the opportunity, the of the more prominent features and magnitude of the challenge, and the of the mor~ characteristic outlines. It tremendous need. Perhaps the is only possible to suggest a few of the spiritual need of the non-Christian ingredients from which the chemical world was realized first. It was not compound is formed.

long, however, before the Church saw We might be able to group the social more clearly the magnitude of the evils into three typical groups, the task, that not only must the spiritual group pertaining to the private life of nature of the millions of "heathen" be the individual, the group pertaining to recreated, but that every phase of their home life, and the group pertaining nature needed recreation. Among other to large masses of people. That is, phases of the need, the call of the there is a type of social evil which non-Christian world in view of its affects the individual mainly, and social evils became more prominent. society through the individual. Then and it is because of these evils that there is a type which affects the family the foreign field lays one of its stronf,;- or home life mainly, and society est cl~jms upon all Christians, and through the unit of the home. An- especially upon the educated young other group of social evils acts upon people of our nation. society as a whole rather than on the What is a social evil? Such a term individual or on a small group of in- is difficult to define, and any defini- dividuals. Each larger unit includes tion must be imperfect. We might the preceding smaller unit or units.

say that any evil so common, or so With the individual life as a center, prevalent among people as individuals. each larger unit is a concentric circle that the whole body of society is in- including the preceding smaller circles.

jured and corrupted, or an evil de- The social evils of the non-Christian veloped by or through an individual to world that affect the individual mainly, such an extent that masses of people and society through the individual. are are injured, is a social evil. For ex- due, in a large degree, to uncontrolled ample. social impurity is developed by passions. They are not unlike some people as individuals, and is so com- of America's social evils. The use of mon as to injure society as .a whole. alcoholic liquors may be mentioned as Therefore it is a social evil. On the one of these, because it not only has other hand, the slave trade in Africa been a tremendous curse in the past,

but its influence and misery are becom- to her husband in all lands, no matter ing greater every day. The opium what the claims or demands of that habit, which has curst China so ter- husband may be. The same thing is ribly, is another expression of this seen in the fact that Indian tradition same evil. One of the most prominent and religion place more value on a cow evils of this type is social impurity, than on a woman. Throughout nonwhich rages in nearly all non-Christian Christian lands, woman is considered lands like a deadly and loathsome pes- as a machine for reproduction and for tilence. These evils that have been the satisfaction of man's baser pasmentioned are merely examples of a Slons. great type of social evil which destroys individual character, individual moral- Another representative of this type ity, individual strength and manhood; of evil is the degradation and desecrathat brings the individual down to a tion of marriage. One of the means level with the beast; that destroys of this desecration is polygamy, which physical, intellectual, and moral ca- is sanctioned by some religions, and pacity. These results in the individual by the moral and ethical codes of the reproduced in countless individuals non-Christian world. Concubinage is have a marked influence on national another expression of this same evil, life and national progress. where man is not bound by marriage to remain faithful, but where the wo- There is another type of social evil man is. Divorce is a matter of mere which affects the home life primarily, personal volition in many of these and thereby affects the life of the na- lands, is dependent mainly upon the tion. One of the most important evils desire of the husband, and is legal for of this type is the degradation of wo- anyone of numberless causes. With manhood. As a barometer indicates the marriage relations unbearable the change in atmospheric pressure from polygamy, made wretchedly and the consequent change in weather worthless by concubinage, and with conditions, so the motherhood of a na- divorce a matter of momentary fancy tion indicates with a fair degree of ac- or pleasure, marriage has become a curacy the future life of that nation. "whited sepulchre," a mere mockery. The influence of the mothers can do But marriage is still further degraded more than any code of laws that ever by its immature consummation, This existed. In Asia and Africa espe- is characteristic of alI non-Christian cially, and in all non-Christian lands lands without exception. Immature with hardly an exception, womanhood parenthood leaves its lines traced inis degraded and debased. There is effaceablyon the human embryo, and a tendency on the part of these na- future generations witness the physitions to place her on a level with mere cal results. Not only is this true, but lower animals, far below the level of immature parenthood means the man. This is shown by the attitude dwarfed development of ·spiritual caof the Chinese and of others toward pacity after the birth of the child, girl babies, by the manner in which and the result is seen in the moral education has been denied to woman, and spiritual life of the nation. by her rigorous seclusion in some lands, and by her enforced submission These are merely illustrations of the type of social evil which destroys

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

home life with all its wonderful po- tern built up on the foundations of re- tentialities. Naturally these evils af- ligion, to show how real and vital fect the individual also, but they af- ~these evils are. Thuggee, that system fect the home primarily. It is through of wholesale murder in the name of their action on a home, reproduced in religion, which was only put down by myriads of homes, that these evils eat British rule in India, and the wor- out the life of a nation like tubercu- ship of idols that are only pleased with losis eats out the lungs of a human human sacrafice and with ceremonies being. so filled with licentiousness and im- In addition to these two types of morality that a woman endangers her evils, there is a third type which per- purity by even venturing on the street tains primarily to large masses of during certain festivals, are illustra- people, to nations, ,to sodety as a tions from recent and present life in whole. Some of these evils are those India. Asceticism, demonology, and c(;mnected with the civil life, with the witchcraft are not only moral evils, government of the non-Christian na- but have a great influence on society.

tions. Civil tyranny and legal op- There are still other evils relating pression, with their most glaring ex- mainly to the industrial and commer- amples in the Mohammedan nations, cial life of the masses. Some of these are illustrations of these evils per- are ingrained into the people by the taining to the civil life. The inability influence of generation after genera- of many nations to protect their citi- tion. For example, take the lack of zens, illustrated by the former slave business principles of honesty, and the trade in Africa, is another of these business trickery always seen in non- evills. While these are resultant from Christian lands. Some of these are the rulers of those nations, there are the result of modern civilization.

also civil evils due to the public. The These are especially apparent in Ja- lack of patriotism and of public spirit pan, where modern civilization has is sufficient to indicate these. brought with it the problems of the Among the evils affecting the factory, of child labor, of protection masses are some pertaining to intel- for workingmen, and kindred ques- lectual life mainly. The intense igno- tions.

rance of the masses in the foreign field These are merely illustrations of the is a tremendous social evil. This type of evil which affects the masses ignorance makes itself manifest in the through civic, intellectual, religious lack of progressive methods of agri- and commercial life. These are mere- culture, of commerce, and of indus~ry; ly ripples on the vast expanse of the in the filth and squalor where disease gulf stream-mere indications of the is nourished and spread; in the in- trend of the current and of its power.

tense poverty and degradation of the Any stlch division and separation as people. has been made is merely artificial and There are also some evils affecting incomplete. The social evils of the the masses, pertaining- to the religious non-Christian world from one vast life of the people, which are tremen- network of nerve fibers and cells, dous social evils. One only needs to each inter-related and interdependent.

cite the caste system of India, a sys- The non-Christian world is honey-

combed with social evils, and it is be- Can not the other religions of the cause of these evils that such a power- world remedy these evils as well if ful challenge has been hurled at the not better? The answer is very simple. Christian nations of the world. Chris- No other religion can meet the chaltianity is the only hope of these na- lenge of the foreign field in view of tions in view of their social evils. these evils. The proof is very ample. Christianity is the only power that can free society, that can establish the In the first place, a great many of brotherhood of mankind, that will give these evils are the direct result of the a man control of his passions, and that other great, "world religions." Most will recreate man and his environ- evils may be traced to two of these ment. causes, ignorance and religion. Igno- The question may well be asked, rance, itself, is to some extent the dihowever, What has Christianity to do with the social evils of the non-Chris- rect result of religion, also. It is a blot tian world? What has any religion on any religion, and no religion is sufto do with the social life of a people? ficient to meet the needs of a people The answer is simple, although the that does not carry with it intellectual question itself is a complex question. enlightenment. These other religions A man's religion determines his own have tolerated ignorance and in many individual life, his attitude toward cases have fostered it. Therefore the his fellow-man, and his attitude to all social evils due to ignorance are, in a of the various phases of life. Religion sense, the result of religion. is the source of his inspiration and his ideals. His life is dependent upon But even if we should not add the his ideals, therefore it is essential that burden of the evils caused by ignorance his ideals be noble and worthy. Re- to the evils due directly to the great religion rules life by ruling the inner- ligions of the non-Christian world, the most nature of the individual. Low criminal charge against those religions ideals and base aspirations created in is nearly as great. Any religion must an individual life, reproduced in vast be judged by the same standard by numbers of individuals, mean that the which an individual is judged: "By national and social life is low and their fruits shall ye know them." This base. High ideals ruling the mt1lti- is the standard by which we must tude as individuals mean high na- judge Mohammedanism, Confuciantional and social life. A man's re- ism, Hinduism, and Buddhism, the ligion and his life are as clearly related four great religions besides Christianias cause and effect, for his life is ~. Mohammedanism has been premerely the result of his religion. So- dominant in Turkey,Arabia,andNorth cial life is the result of the religion of African nations; Confucianism in the masses. China; Hinduism in India; and Bud- dhism in Burma, Siam, and Japan. Admitting this to be true, the ques- These nations reflect more than anytion may be repeated, What has Chris- thing onecan say the influence and powtianity to do with these social evils of er of these religions. Other religions the non-Christian world? Why does have had a hand in these nations, it is the challenge come to Christianity? true. For instance, Mohammedanism is very prevalent in India. These relig- ions, however, have had th~ most to do

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDENTS

with themolding ofthe character ofthe sufficiently. Ideal Mohammedanism is people in the countries that were men- faulty because of its destruction of tioned, and by their influence on the individual rights, and of licensed pocharacter of the people, they have been lygamy and concubinage. Confucianthe predominant factors in shaping ism lays the emphasis on ancestral society. It is only necessary to look at worship. Hinduism demands social Turkey, Arabia, and the North Afri- vice in its ceremonies, and fosters the can nations, with their oppression, caste system. Buddhism favors astheir ignorance, their licensed impuri- ceticism and the elimination of all huty, their mockery of home life, to see man desires and passions. These are the true nature of Mohammedanism. only suggestions as to the impracti- It is only necessary to look at China cability of these religions, and of their with her contempt of women and girls, faults under ideal conditions. Surely except as "incubators," with her an- these are sufficient proofs of the incestral worship, her absolute lack of ability of the great and most vital nonpublic spirit and patriotism, to realize Christian religions to remedy the what Confucianism will do. In India, social evils of the non-Christian in social impurity, in the form of that world. Juggernaut, Caste, in social oppression, poverty, ignorance, and vice, we Christianity, however, is able to see the work of Hinduism. In asceti- remedy these evils. North America cism, in the suppression of individuali- and the Protestant nations of Europe ty, in legalized social vice, we see the are fair examples of Christianity and effect of Buddhism. its influencej in practical life. We must admit that the ideals of Chris- The accusation, however, is still tianity have not been carried out in harsher. We cannot judge the results many respects. That is not the fault of these religions by simply looking at of the ideal, but of the human agency, those nations as they exist to-day. for Christianity is theoretically, ideally Vestern civilization and Christianity perfect or as near perfect as the huhave already worked miracles in their man mind can conceive of perfection. midst. We must judge these religions Granting this to be true, these nations by these nations as they were before are leagues ahead of all non-Christian Christianity and Western civilization nations. Christianity has brought a (which is the product of (hristianity, recognition of the rights of the indito a large extent) made their influence vidual, it has established the ideal of felt. We must remember the African justice and fraternity. and it has given slave trade carried on under Moham- mankind noble aspirations and high medanism, the wife burning and thug- ideals. gee of the Hindus, and such evils, which have been eliminated by Chris- There is no social evil of the nOlltianity and its influence, not by any Christian world which Christianity work of the non-Christian religions. can not meet and conquer. It gives the individual power to subdue pas- Not only have these religions failed sion. It outlaws intemperance and practically, but they are faulty theo- impurity. It has made of the home retically, that is, ideally, as well. A one of the most sacred institutions the few examples will serve to show this world has ever known. It honors mar-

riage and makes the marriage vow simply the call for Christianity-C1l.ris- sacred. It places motherhood on a tianity that is Christianity, not any pedestal but a "little lower than the weak, shrivelled up, bottled up relig- angels." Christianity brings freedom ion, but Christianity in all its breadth and good government with it. Educa- and depth. The non-Christian world tion follows in its footsteps. Igno- calls for a Christianity that will de- rance and falsehood vanish before its velop man's physical and intellectual light. nature as well as his spiritual being; Christianity, however, is not a stale that will teach him how to satisfy his religion. It is a practical religion that physical hunger as well as the hunger can meet the practical needs of the of his soul; that will help to triumph people. The great social trend of over physical pain and disease, as well Christianity, to-day, is an illustration as over moral disease. It wants a of its adaptability. It grows to meet Christianity that will help its people the changing needs of the people. So, to get good government, that will give to-day, in this country, it is battling them Christian homes as well as with the social evils of modern indus- churches, that will develop a manhood try and commerce. The outcome is and womanhood that is pure and certain, for it will solve these prob- strong, and by reproducing these ef- lems. It is solving them now and will fects in countless numbers of homes continue to do so. In the same way, and individuals, to create a Christian Christianity can meet even the social society.

evils of the non-Christian world due This call comes to the college stu- to modern civilization. dents especially, because they are the Since Christianity can meet the ones Lest prepared to answer it. Others social evils of the foreign field, and are not, as a rule, so well qualified to the other great religions are practi- meet the needs. The best workers are cally and theoretically unable to do so, needed to present Christianity to these Christianity is the only agency that nations in such a manner that the can effect the needed reform. The vork may be done efficiently and suc- weaker and more insignificant relig- cessfully. Those who satisfy the ions of the foreign field are not factors claims for a broad and strong Chris- to be reckoned with. They are as tianity must be broad and strong them- faulty theoretically and practically, selves. They must be men of vision, and are not vital religions because they of foresight, of intellectual and moral fail to grip mankind. The reforming strength, ancl of great character.

agency must be a religion, because the There are several forces which em- life of the people is dependent upon phasize this call of the non-Christian religion as the fountain of its being. world to the educated young people of Since others fail, Christianity is the our colleges. One of these forces is only agency able to meet the social the demand of humanity that these evils of the non-Christian world, and social evils be blotted out. To-day the to conquer those evils. world is 'a society of nations, an im- This being true, the call of the for- perishable unit, with one circulatory eign field, in view of its social evils, and one nervous system, each part to the college student of America. is interdependent. Humanity is seek-

A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY FOR

ing a higher plane of civilization, a to the captive, peace to the weary, and greater intellectual capacity, a more God-given ideals to society and indi- powerful religious experience, and the viduals. All the force of our religion conservation of human resources. In demands that we answer this challenge the struggle to attain to this goal, it and satisfy the needs of the non-Chris- is necessary that all humanity be tian world by sharing our religion raised to a higher level. Each nation with them.

either tends to elevate the others or The call to the educated young to drag them down. Ultimate suc- people of our nation, in view of these cess can only be achieved by the world evils, is still greater when we con- at large, for one individual nation can sider the magnitude of the task com- not achieve it. This being true, hu- pared with the task in our own land.

manity is fettered as if by the ball and The social evils of the foreign field, chain of a convict, until these social compared with the social evils of our evils be remedied. This makes it im- nation, are as the Pyramids of Egypt perative that Christianity meet the compared with a modern family-bury- social evils of the foreign field. ing vault. Then too, when we con- There is a greater force urging the sider how inadequate the force of college student to answer this call, workers is, the task appears still however, and that is simply the im- greater.

pelling force of the Christianity that Some of these evils, the non-Chris- is our possession. As Christians we tian world will remedy, itself, through are not true to the ideals of Christiani- Christian ideals and Christian civili- ty unless we answer the challenge of zation, but most of them will never the foreign field. Christianity says be remedied, and the source of all the that we are our brothers' keepers, and social evils will never be obliterated, are responsible that they shall have until Christianity recreates the inner- the light which they need. Our Chris- most nature of the inhabitants of tianity is one of brotherhood, of love those nations.

of sympathy, and practical works. We The call of the foreign field in view are only stewards, and all that we have of the social evils of the non-Chris- is a trust, given for use in the service tian world is the call for Christianity; of God and mankind. We have the and humanity, Christianity itself, and great commission to go into all the all that is noblest and best in life, im- world, healing the diseased bodies, the peratively demand that the educated blighted intellects, and the dark souls. young people of our nation answer the We have the command to give liberty call by supplying the need.

STUDENTS AND MISSIONS One hunded years ago only about one college student in te,n profe&t faith in Jesus Christ, even in this Christian country. To-day about 50 per cent. of all college students are profest Christians. A hundred years ago college students thought less about Christian missions than they did ahout the climate of Mars. or the rings of Saturn, To-day the Student Volunteer Movement enlists hundreds of bright, well trained, educated young men and women for the missionary field. Yale University, through its students and alumni, is raising $200,000 for the equipment of a mission in Changsha, China, and other great educatio-nal institutions are giving like heed to the missionary cause. The Chris.tianization of the world. by preaching, and teaching, and living the Gospel, is now a world problem, and sane men everywhere are giving heed to It.

PROTESTANTISM IN SPAIN *

BY JAMES 1. GOOD, D.O., LL.D.

mF OR three centuries. Prot-r~J to mass and said, "Whosoever wishes estantism was not al- to confess can go." Only five went lowed in Spain, but in to confession. When they had fin- ished the officer again offered the 1869 religious liberty same opportunity, but no one went. was granted. Seven He offered it a third time, but the years later, in 1876, when the Bourbon dy- soldiers refused to move. As no nasty was restored to power, this one wanted to go to confession and liberty was reduced to mere tolera- mass, he ordered the regiment back tion, and the Protestants were not to the barracks. The Roman Catholic allowed to show any outward signs chaplain, greatly irritated, complained of Protestant worship on their build- to a higher officer, who called the of- ings. In every way the Protestants ficer to account. The latter replied, were opposed and persecuted as much "I have taken my company to mass as possible. In 1884, two lads and according to orders, but I can not a young girl were condemned to 20 compel them to confess. Every man days' imprisonment for not kneeling is free to act as his conscience dic- to the "host" as it passed by on the tates." The higher officer could. do street. . When the priest called on nothing, and the chaplain complained them to kneel, one of the lads an- to the bishop, and he appealed to the swered, "The Apostle Paul says 'God general. As a result the whole regi- dwelleth not in temples made with ment was ordered to go to confession hands, neither is worshiped with the following Sunday. The general men's hands.''' went to confession and was followed As late as 19IO the authorities of by about 20 officers and men. On a village near Burgos called a non- returning the general glanced around, Catholic family before them and but the majority of officers and men asked why they did not go to con- made no movement. He ordered them fession. They replied, "Because our back to the barracks, and the efforts faith does not allow us to go." The of the priests to compel them to authorities informed them that they confess were frustrated.

had forfeited all rights of citizen- Another tendency that is breaking ship. The family took an appeal up the influence of the church is the to the governor, but he, under the growing feeling against the monks.

influence of the priests, put them off Spain has become the camping with an excuse. Not being citizens, ground for the monastic orders their cattle were not allowed on the driven out of other countries. These parish-common. monks are lazy, and too often im- The inquisition is, of course, no moral, so that their lives have in longer able to persecute in Spain, some instances become a public scan- but there is no end to the indignities dal. A very remarkable scene took that Protestants still have to endure. place about ten years ago. In 1868, No wonder that there are only about the clericals, under the lead of Father 10,000 to 20,000 Protestants in a Montana, a Jesuit, gained control of popUlation of nearly 20,000,000. the political ministry of Spain. He In spite of these trials Protestant- so banked on his authority that he ism is slowly and steadily increasmg dared to write in a newspaper, "To in numbers and influence. There is be a liberal (in politics) is a sin."

also an increasing drift out of the The anti-clericals took this up and Roman Catholic Church into indiffer- he was compelled to retire. Just ence and infidelity. Some years ago about the time of his retirement a a military officer took his company drama, "Electra," written by the * From the Christian I ntelligencer. most celebrated Spanish novelist of to the grave, and throwing in a the day, was played. Electra, whose handful of earth, recited the Scripmother was dead and whose father ture passage: "I am the Resurrection was unknown, was adopted by an and the Life. He that believeth on uncle in whose house a Jesuit held Me, tho he were dead, yet shall live; sway. She fell in love with her and he that liveth and believeth on cousin Max, but the Jesuit wanted Me shall never die." Silently the her for the convent. By telling her crowd listened in surprize, and an old. a lie, namely that she was Max's woman on the other side of the grave sister, he succeeded in getting her murmured an "Amen." He did not to enter a convent. The truth was know but that he might be prosediscovered and she fled from the cuted for repeating a verse of the convent to her lover's arms. The Bible in a Roman Catholic cemetery, bridegroom, in a transport of rage, but some days later the son of the attacked the Jesuit for his deception deceased noble sent to him and asked and threw him to the ground. Such was the plot. The play completely him for the words he had repeated carried aw.ay the audience, and when over his father's grave. He had at the end Max exclaims "We must never before heard them and did not kill him," a voice in the gallery know from what book they came. shouted, "Kill the Jesuits," and a He was so much imprest with their beauty that he wanted to place them thousand voices applauded so that for a time the play could not proceed. on his father's gravestone. In Barcelona the people rose up Every now and then the Protestagainst the monks and destroyed the nunneries. This anti-monk feeling is ants of Spain are surprized to find growing all over Spain. a little congregation of believers of whose existence they had previously The masses are slowly breaking with Romanism, while on the other known nothing. Some one in the hand Protestantism is slowly gaining village had secured a Bible and had converts and adherents. There are been converted; he had read it to many secret believers who have not his neighbors, and some of them had yet come out as Protestants. A beau- been converted. Thus a little comtiful story is told by Rev. Theodore pany of believers was formed. A Fliedner. For a long time one of rather remarkable illustration of this the leading nobles of Spain, the Duke was in a little congregation that had de Ie Victoria, would quietly slip into sprung up in one of the villages. the evening service of the German They met regularly for the reading Protestant Mission. He always placed of Scripture and prayer, and ab- 25 pesetas (five dollars) on the col- stained from going to mass. Their lection plate and then slipt away. existence would probably not have He died in the autumn of I903, and become known had not their leader Mr. Fliedner went to the funeral as died. The priests refused to ala friend. He was surprized to not see a priest present to celebrate mass low him to be buried in the cemeor any priest bearing candles on each side of the hearse on the way to the tery because he had not gone to cemetery, for there is generally a host mass, and his friends in despair finally appealed to the Spanish Presof them at a nobleman's funeral. In byterian pastor in Madrid. They did burial chapel the priests repeated not know his name or the name of any Protestant, and in their simtheir paternosters and the body would plicity and ignorance, they addrest have been lowered into the grave their letter to "John Bunyan," at the without a word of comfort, Mr. Protestant chapel, Madrid. They Fliedner felt the funeral was too must in some way have become acmuch like a heathen one, and out of quainted with John Bunyan's immorrespect to his old friend, he stept tal "Pilgrim's Progress," and as his was the only Protestant name they knew, they wrote to him. Of course,

the Protestants of Madrid soon pro- She is now feeling the pressure of vided a place for the burial of this the nations around her, as France Protestant. and Portugal have declared for re- ligious liberty. Thus prest upon But the greatest ork of Protest- from without, and with a growing ant Missions in Spain is in their constituency for religious liberty schools. Each Protestant mission, within her, some day there will be whether it belongs to the American a revulsion, liberty will come, and Board or British Presbyterians or Catholicism will loose its domination. Irish Episcopalians or Germans (for Vhen that time comes there will be these are the four leading bodies found many who have believed In working in Spain), has large schools; Protestantism secretly. altho their communicant membership is often small. The number of the THE OUTLOOK IN SPAIN pupils runs into the hundreds when the number of church members is THERE have recently been several only in the tens. The reason for encouraging signs of progress this is that many of the Catholics toward religious liberty in Spain-the realize the wretched instruction given home of the inquisition. The political in the Catholic schools. The pupil unrest has apparently helped, rather than hindered the cause of liberty of there is taught more about the Ave conscience and worship. Earnest ef- Marias, Pater Nosters and the creed forts are being made to secure legislathan about reading and writing. Mr. tion that will exempt Protestant sol- Fliedner was one day seated opposite diers and sailors from attendance at a priest on the car, and said to him: Roman Catholic mass. Recently "It is a shame that in the Catholic Colonel Duan Labrador, a staunch schools nothing of Christian religion Protestant and esteemed officer of the is taught beyond the Lord's Prayer, Royal Naval Artillery, was ordered to the creed, and Ave Maria." He ex- attend "mass of the Holy Spirit" bepected an indignant denial, but the fore presiding over a naval court. priest replied: "If they would at least Colonel Labrador petitioned the King learn· that, we should be satisfied," for exemption from this obligation, thus granting that it was true. One but his request was refused, altho of our guides in Spain had to take such attendance is no longer required his little girl from the Catholic school in the army department. Colonel because in her first two years there Labrador wrote to his superior officer she had never learned to read, and that his conscience would not permit 011iy learned to recite Ave Marias. him to attend mass. He was placed under arrest and tried for insubordi- The Protestant schools are, in C011sequence, filled with Catholic chil- nation. His conviction would mean dren. It is true many of them join loss of rank, salary, and general imthe church of their parents, but they poverishment and distress. The case have at least lost their bigotry, anti has already attracted considerable atout of them is growing up a continu- tention. The president of the Spanish ally increasing constituency desirous Cabinet has submitted to the Cortes of religious liberty. Altho the Prot- a law harmonizing the laws of the estants of Spain number only be- navy department in this respect with tween 10,000 and 20,000, yet in 191I, those of the army. The passage of a petition of 150,000 signatures welle such a bill will remove the obligation up to the Spanish Cortes asking for to attend mass-which Protestants religious liberty, many of them being look upon as idolatrous-and will be the Protestant Catholics who had another step toward Christian liberty been Protestant pupils, and who used in backward Spain. their influence with others for that cause. Spain is the last country in Eu- rope not to have full religious liberty.

THI<.: LORD'S PRAYER AS A

DOCUMENT * BY HEV. JOSEPH HENHY ODELL, SCHANTON, PA.

~W" ITH" a smug self-satis- If this thrilling and romantic spirit faction, which is surely fails to touch us the reason will be found in the fact that we have un- . the 111o-St incomprehen- consciously acceded to the conven- tional use of the prayer, we have sible mood of modern become the unwilling victims of a fa- miliarity which needs to be broken Christendom, the in upon by an interpretation taken from the mind and character and i • Lord's Prayer is of- sacrifice of the Master Himself.

~" fered daily by millions Our Father Which Art in Heaven!

who are oblivious of its real mean- That little pronoun "OU?/' is more than comprehensive, it is all-inclusive. ing. It has been assumed, hy tacit I do not see where you can drive a single stake to mark a boundary. agreement, that this prayer may be Truly, it implies possession, has an intimate accent, affiliates the individused by people who can not frame ual beyond a doubt; but it does these things universally. If there linger in any other petition, as tho it were the your mind anything like racial preju- dice, it may startle you to be reneutral grourid of religion upon minded that the Semitic people by whom the word was first heard are which all kinds and conditions of farther removed from our Anglo- Saxon type than are the Aryans of men may stand without danger of Northern India. There are many races with whose blood ours will spiritual commitment. By common mingle more freely than with the Hebrew. Science ought to have made consent we treat it as the irreducible this finessing on features utterly im- possible, but science makes slight minimum of worship; it has even be- headway against prejudice. However, if I am in need of a commentary come the official counter which passes upon this initial word, I prefer to trust myself to that vision of the current for prayer in political and consummation of Christ's kingdom found in the Apocalypse, rather than commercial cOllventions; it does so- to the conclusions of anthropology or comparative anatomy: cial service upon occasions when any- "After this I beheld, and 10, a great thing supposed to be definite or dog- multitude which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, matic would be in bad for111. Thus and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white our Lord's Prayer may be said to robes, and palms in their hands; and cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation have become thoroughly devitalized. to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb." Instead of being the minimum, it is Noone can truly say, "Our Faththe very maximum of prayer; rather er," who consciously isolates himself from the rest of the race. vVe are than a pale substitute for a pro- nounced spiritual attitude, it is the most positive, virile and dynamical utterance that can possibly fall from human lips. Therefore, if we can pour back into its depleted veins what Christ had in His mind and heart when He gave it to the dis- ciples, we shall be doing nothing more than starting again at the be- ginning, tracing the head-waters of the river of life to their source.

Nothing seems more certain to me than that the Lord's Prayer contains Christ's complete purpose for the re- demption of the entire world-the motive, program, method and goal of what we call either home or foreign missions can be found in its various clauses and stamped upon its entire structure. Everything aggressive and progressive in Christianity is involved when it is properly recited.

* From a leaflet printed by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., 156 F,fth Avenue, New York.

bound to all humanity the moment knit the whole human family into we bend our knees in prayer. a brotherhood with a common ances- try. A Dyak or a Patagonian is Our Father which art in Heaven! our brother by right of birth; there The God with the geographical habi- is one God and Father of all; "Haltat is gone. Bethel, Jerusalem, Be- lowed be Thy name." No deeper nares, Mount Olympus, Mecca, hold degradation can be put upon the Dithe eye and draw the feet no more. vine Fatherhood than to disallow the The Maori in New Zealand is as right of some of His children to parclose to God as the minister in New ticipate in the shelter, food and joy York. Heaven is equinear to every of the Father's home. We can not soul that feels an aspiration or cher- disinherit one of His sons without ishes a sacred hope. The heresy of cutting a,vay our own kindred rights special privilege has surreptitiously and privileges. fastened upon the consciousness of Western Christians, blinding their Thy Kingdom Come! vision and blighting their faith. And it will remain with its curse until we Olrist's teaching may be grouped rediscover the universal significance under two main divisions: the Fathof these memory-dulled phrases. erhood of God and the Kingdom of Heaven established on earth. Christ's Our Father which art in heaven; conception of the Kingdom was in- finitely greater and grander than our Hallowed Be Thy Name! thought of the Church. I believe it comprehended not simply redeemed What name? Father! Just to lives, but a human society controlled hedge the Almighty against verbal and guided by the will of God. The irreverence is a very narrow and Church is an organization of Chrisshallow interpretation. Hallowed be tian men and women governed by the name of "Father," for it means certain definite rules; the Kingdom of everything our poor, disinherited and Heaven is composed of all people, disendowed humanity can need or societies, institutions and influences crave. Read into it all the best that that interpret the will of God on natural paternity illustrates and you earth. So in this prayer the Master have a large content to the word- looks for more than the salvation of the giving of life, protection, guid- individuals; He craves the permeaance, and an instinctive affection. tion and subjugation of every hu- But read it through the life of Christ man relationship and enterprise by and you have a wealth of loving the spirit of God. It is not enough solicitude and wise governance quite to build up little churches in India, inexhaustible. And yet, strange as Africa, China, Europe; the law of it may seem, I think the wonder and the heavenly life is to conquer and glory of the name must be found in control the legislation, social customs, its correlative-in the sonship of art, commerce, politics of these variman. As the sons of God, made in ous lands. The Kingdom of God His image, we can safely leave the will have fully come only when every accidentals and incidentals out of ac- thought and activity of mankind is in count. Man's height in feet and harmony with the Divine mind. inches, the cranial contour, the hue of the skin, the cast of the features, I know of no better illustration of have nothing to do with personality, how the Kingdom is coming than and personality is the distinguishing the words of Count Okuma, one of characteristic of mankind. Person- the founders of N ew Japan, and at ality is made up of three interacting one time Prime Minister: "Altho things-thoughts,emotions and voli- Christianity has enrolled less than tions. Wherever these three-the 200,000 believers, yet the indirect inpower to think, to feel, to will-co- fluence of Christianity has poured exist and cooperate, there is kinship. into every realm of Japanese life. They are the essential qualities that

LORD'S PRAYER AS A MISSIONARY

It has been borne to us on all the tremendous task that we must always be in the best of condition to accurrents of European civilization; complish it. But I think we can get onto a higher plane even than most of all, the English language and that. God's purpose in the estab- lishment of His Kingdom compreliterature, so surcharged with Chris- hends the whole life of man. It is to be a kingdom on earth, amid ideal tian ideas, has exerted a wide and conditions becoming actual, in which all His children are to share to the deep influence over Japanese thought. utmost of their capacity. Christ healed the sick and fed the hungry; "Christianity has affected us not that is, He removed temporary dis- abilities and liberated men for a realonly in such superficial ways as the ization of the full meaning of life. The program of modern missions is legal observance of Sunday, but also strictly consonant with His example; industrial, medical, educational misin our ideals concerning political in- sions are the logical application of His spirit. Men must have the means stitutions, the family, and woman's of livelihood as a prerequisite to living. station. Not a few ideals in And notice the pronouns again: Japan which are supposed to have Give us this day our daily bread I The prayer is as far removed from been derived from Chinese literature individualistic selfishness as can be imagined. To offer it and then proare in reality due to European litera- ceed to grasp a 'Superfluous amount of earth's resources to the exclusion ture. The Chinese influence may still of our brother men is the hoIIowest mockery. No one can utter such supply the forms, but the soul has words sincerely without including the Indian and Chinese famine victims come from Christianity." * in his budget. I t is socialism sub- limated, sanctified, glorified. Thy Will Be Done in Earth as ]t ]s in Heaven Forgive Us Our Debts as We Forgive This is the way in which the King- Our Debtors dom comes. But the clause has an unfortunate grammatical cast which This seems to imply that the Kinghas given rise to the impression that dom is at least partially established; man's relation to the will of God is that the petitioners have already an attitude of passivity. God's will reached the level on which they have is not alone something to be borne, conquered their animosities; that they an unappealable and unrepealable de- have established a happy relationcision to be accepted with resignation. ship of amity and love toward all God's will is not simply a divine men. But very few of us will dare judgment passed upon us, but a di- to claim so much. Does it not rather mean that we seek pardon for vine program to be worked out by our sins of omission? Doubtless our us. We discover it, adopt it, em- lives would be much richer and body it, in' thought and word and stronger than they are if others had deed; we translate it into ideals, and done their duty to us. Let us forcustoms, and laW's, and institutions; give and forget what might have we transmute it into temperament been. But can we forgive ourselves? Have not we eaten our morsel alone, and character; we make its articula- have not we allowed truth to lie tion the ruling passion of our lives. And we do all these things not only as individuals, but as citizens, as societies, as municipalities, as nations.

Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread At first blush this is a descent. We seem to have dropt from the universal to the particular, from the spiritual to the temporal. But such is only a superficial verdict. An easy interpretation is to the effect that we need physical strength for spiritual tasks. That is true. The doing of the will of God on earth is such a + "A Japanese Statesman's View of Christianity in Japan. A Statemernt _by Count Okuma"-Thc International Re'l.:iew 0/ Missions, October, 1912.

dormant in our minds which should the privilege of exceptional spiritual have been distributed, have not we heritage might lead to bigotry-as accepted and appropriated for our use in the case of the Jewish disciples alone the love which .we should have who would not eat with the Christransformed into the energy of ser- tianized Gentiles. These are a few vice? St. Paul said he was "debtor of the temptations, some of the wiles both to the Greeks and to the Bar- of the evil one, set to ambush and barians; both to the wise and to the overthrow even the best of men. unwise"-not because he was their Have not we reason to pray for debeneficiary, but because God had liverance from similar perils? Far made him a trustee of truth on their too many who sincerely love and behalf. And almost the entire teach- reverence the Master to-day are vicing of Jesus Christ concerning the tims of just such moods and deduc- Judgment is to the effect that cul- tions. The supercilious air we aspability lies in neglected duty and sume toward the people of the backunseized opportunity. To be for- ward nations, the inference that God given for such omissions we must in His Mercy will take care of the pray; but our prayer must hold a unsought and untaught even if we resolution and a consecration for the neglect them, the concentration of infuture. The Hindus, the Japanese, terest upon our own affairs as if we the denizens of South America, with alone were of value in the eyes of a hundred other races, have been the Heavenly Father, the cynical conand still are our spiritual wards. If clusion that the half-lights and diswe have defaulted and defrauded torted truths of other religions are them in days gone by because we best adapted to the multitudes who have not appreciated our steward- hold them because they have known ship, we must seek pardon along the none other-these and many similar lowly path of penitence, and in the attitudes of mind and spirit are alfuture we are pledged to be true to ways endangering our faith. No state our trust. of Christian experience, however ele- vated and triumphant, can grant us Lead Us Not Into Temptation, But immunity from temptation. And the richer that experience grows the Deliver Us From Evil! more subtle and sinister become the enticements to evil. Remember, Christ is speaking to such as are already children of the For Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, Kingdom, or at least candidates for the Kingdom. We may assume that and the Glory, For Ever. Amen. He had in mind not the gross sins of the flesh-drunkenness, sensuality, These closing words of the great theft and murder-but the subtler prayer form a consistent and splensins of the spirit-the temptations did conclusion to this noblest of supof temperament and calling, the perils plications. If they are an addition that lie hidden within the very dis- from some Eastern liturgy, they show positions that shine brightest in the how completely the early Church Christian life. The highest places in caught the largest and fullest purthe Kingdom might be sought for pose of the prayer, felt the universal unworthy reasons. The consciousness heart-throb. What could be a more of virtue attained might create the fitting close than this Doxology in vice of censoriousness-the temper of which "the Kingdom, the power and the elder brother. Zeal for the Mas- the glory" are offered to God as the ter might use a devilish means to at- triple crown by those whom "the tain a godly end-calling down fire first-born among many brethren" from heaven upon the thoughtless taught to pray? Samaritans. Pride of nationality and "LOltD TEACH Us TO PRAY."

RISING TIDE IN ALASKA*

REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D. Special Representative of the Presbyterian Board for Alaska N Knik Arm and Turn- as the dominant power in the territory was endeavoring always to control the mO again Arm, the extreme appointment of territorial officers, and head waters of Cook's to shape Congressional legislation and policies so as to create fat offices for ~ . Inlet, at low tide you themselves and their friends and to frame mining, fishing and other laws can look out ·for I S or in the interest of the big, selfish mo- ~ 20 miles across mtiddy nopolies vith which they were allied. They opposed the development of the and forbidding flats. territory and the giving of the right of citizenship to her people. No sign of life or beauty; a barren, For many years Alaskans have desolate waste of sand and mud. been agitating for their civil rights- for home rule. Venal and incompe- Should you attempt to cross it, you tent Eastern carpet-baggers had too often filled the important offices, unwould be engulfed in quick-sands, or just laws and the gradual encroach- ment of the big syndicates kept the swallowed in slime, and be spattered people in a state of agitation and irri- tation. Alaskans are as intelligent, as with the filthy ooze. You turn from brave, as independent and as moral as any people upon the face of the the ugly waste and stroll for half an earth. When it was attempted to pass through Congress the "Beveridge hour in the forest bordering it. Your Bill" for the government of Alaska by an appointive commission, the steps bring you again to the beach. same way in which the Philippines were governed in their turbulent What is this? Out yonder there seems period, the people of Alaska raised their voice as one man in loud proto be a high white wall advancing test. We thought ourselves some- what superior to the Tagalogs and toward you with railroad speed. Soon Moros. The politicians urged the passage of the biIl; they were after you can see coruscations of foam. the fat offices it created. The syndi- cates urged it; they wished a body N ow it curls over and pours forward of lawmakers and administrators whom they could control and buy. like a wave of the sea breaking upon Ve were fortunate in having as the beach. It is what the inhabitants our delegate to Congress a strong- and fearless man-Judge James Wickerof that region call The Bore; it is sham. He is a fighter and the larger the foe the better he enjoys the fray. the incoming tide. While you gaze With the help of the best people of Alaska and of many progressives of it sweeps by you and in a few minutes all political parties he won his fight. He kiIled the Beveridge bill, and last that great, ugly waste is a sparkling, summer Congress passed and the dancing, shimmering expanse of liv- President signed a bill giving Alaska territorial rights. On the 5th of N 0ing water, and "all the world is in the vember last we elected our first terri- sea." The tide has come in.

Alaska's tide has been out the past few years. All the great stampedes into the gold fields ceased for the time.

The flurries about the great coal re- gions, the copper mines, the Copper VaIley and Central Alaskan railroads, the rapidly increasing salmon can- neries, and the agricultural lands of Alaska subsided. The people of the coast, especially, have been in a state of uncertainty and depression on ac- count of the tmsatisfactorv condition of certain vital questions, such as the coal, land and railroad questions.

They did not wish their coal lands, which are among the richest of the world, to be monopolized by selfish syndicates, neither did they desire them to be conserved for th'e use of their great-great-grand children.

The Alaska political machine which existed through four administrations • From The Assembly Herald. Jun". 1913.

torial legislature. We now feel our- mining camps within the past year, selves American citizens, able to Ruby on the Yukon, and the country make our own local laws and elect . around the head of Cook's Inlet, and our own local officers. We have not two new mis&ionaries have been re- our full rights as yet, for the bill cently commissioned to the&e fields.

was bound and hampered by many Last summer I spent some little restrictions, but we have at ieast time at. the new mining camp of the right and the means of protest- Ruby on the Yukon. It is situated ing agaimt unworthy legislation and I25 miles below the mouth 'of the of bringing before Congress our Tanana River. The town site is needs. In addition to this bill, Can· beautiful. A number of gold-bearing gress passed a much more liberal and creeks have been explored and many just miner's bill, doing away with the pay streaks of low grade gravel, but location of association claims and th(; large in extent, have been developed.

power of attorney evil. Those big A thriving little town has grown up syndicates can no longer "blankcc" as if by magic. The people are eager our gold-bearing creeks, our coal for a church. I presented this matter fields, or our copper mines. The in·· to the Board of Home Missions, and dividual prospector and miner has a it was advertised in our papers.

chance. Now, we have sent the Rev. E. N.

An act was also passed authorizing Bradshaw, D.D., from Leon, Iowa, the President to appoint a Railroad to that field. He sailed on March 10 Commission, to report upon the most from Seattle for Cordova. At Cor- feasible route for government rail- dova he was outfitted for the trail roads from the Coast to the Interior with the help of Dr. M. E. Koonce, of Alaska. That commission has re- and went on to Fairbanks.

ported and urged the construction of There are several fields in Alaska a railroad from Cordova to Fair- to be manned, and doubtless within banks, opening up the greater Yukon the next year several new camps will Valley with a branch to the Bering open up. The charm of that work Lake coal fields, and another railroad grows upon me with the years. Its from Seward, via the Matanuska coal chief element is the newness of the fields to the Susitna Valley, and field. There the missionary is build- across the McKinley Range to the ing upon no other man's foundation.

important Kuskokwim. He is doing work that would not be Watch Alaska the next few years! done were he not there. Our mis- A stampede of farmers, as well as sionaries at Knik and Ruby are the of gold, copper and coal miners, is only mini&ters of any denomination confidently predicted. Cordova and in a wide territory. Iditarod, where Seward on the Coast, with Fairbanks I spent last winter, is at present un- and other towns in the Interior, are manned, but we have not forgotten looking forward with hope to a large it. The churches are responding no- growth in the near future. The tide bly to our appeals for special equip- is coming in! ment, such as boats, bells, organs, fur With thi'S expected and immanent coats and robes, reading matter for material progress and growth in our free reading rooms, hospital sup- population, a corresponding increase plies, etc. We need these, and most in missionary activity is noticeable. of all we need the men and the There have been more changes and women who are adapted to that pe- new missions in the Alaska field with- culiar work, and who are thoroughly in the past year than in four or .five consecrated. Pray for and study previous years. I explored two new Alaska.

EDITORIALS

PEACE ON EARTH many years a missionary m South MANY events took place last May Africa, remarks: bearing on the theme of interna- "Let the man who labors under the tional peace. In addition to the con- delusion that 'the native is all right as ferences in America, at Lake Mohonk he is,' visit the middle of a large native and at St. Louis, we learn that a body kraal. Let him go and sit down on of 150 German Protestant ministers a dirty mat, by the smoky fire, in an sent out an appeal to all the pastors of unventilated heathen hut. Let the Germany asking them to preach and cockroaches and other creatures crawl teach the introduction of international over him; let him see and feel the arbitration. A conference of French greasy skins and blankets worn by day and German deputies was also held at· and night. Let him sleep a night in Berne for the purpOse of bringing such a place, and then report. Let him these two countries into closer and hear the cursing that puts English more friendly relations. An Interna- bad language in the shade. Let him tional Commission met at Washington learn the filthy customs, common to to settle some pecuniary claims long men and women and children. Let outstanding between Great Britain and him wallow in all the 'morals' of Canada on the one side and the United polygamy. Let him see the utter lazi- States on the other. Secretary Bryan ness and selfishness of the men, the announced that he would ask for the ignorance and dirt of the women, the rellewal of the arbitration treaties neglected condition of the children.

between the United States and Great Let him attend a 'beer drink' and a Britain, which expire soon. He. also native wedding, and see heathenism explained to the delegates who came in all its naked ugliness and grossness.

across the Atlantic to arrange the de- And then let him say honestly if he tails of the celebration of the One still holds the same delusion that 'the Hundred Years of Peace, President heathen are all right as they are!' "

Wilson's plan for the prevention of But even if the people of Africa, war. The delegates determined to in- India, China and other lands were as vite the governments and peoples of care-free and contented as a well-fed, the civilized world to take part in the unabused dog, would that be sufficient peace celebration. reason to "let them alone ?" Yes, if vVe do not know if peace between man is only an animal; but no, a thou- nations can be secured by political sand times NO, if man is made to be agreements and courts of arbitration. like his Creator; if Jesus Christ, the Such peace is worth working for and Son of God, came to give life and im- praying for, but it is not to be com- mortality to mankind; if it is true that pared in importance with the peace "there is none other Name under hea- between God and man, the peace of ven given among men whereby we soul that can come only on the basis must be saved."

of the atonement of Jesus Christ and ONE CURSE OF CHINA WITHDRAWN the new life that He imparts.

ARE THE "HEATHEN" HAPPY? T HE statement of the British Under-Secretary of State for W E still hear the' statement made India that the Government was pre- by some who disparage missions pared to revise the treaty of 19II with to the non-Christian peoples that they China regarding opium, and not to are "happy as they are." If so, why send any more opium to that country not leave them alone? does not mean that opium smoking is Caustically replying to this state- tooted out of China but it does mean ment and question, Dr. Hertslet, for that Great Britain is now ready to

cooperate with the Chinese Govern- prayers has no parallel in history, but ment in their earnest effort to rid the as the Rev. S. C. Carpenter points country of the mischiefs caused by the out in the Church Times, there is an traffic. The British Government made instructive parallel between China's an agreement in 1907 whereby the friendly change of front and that of Indian trade was to be extinguished in the Emperors Galerius and Constanten years; and in 191 I a modification tine in the fourth century. While not was made because the extinction of suggesting that the new friendliness the poppy in China went on at such a of the Chinese authorities is due to rate. Three Manchurian provinces superstition, as that of Galerius is and Szechwan and Shansi were closed thought by some to have been, or to the traffic in August, 19II, and of prompted by political motives, as was two more provinces in January, 1913. that of Constantine, Mr. Carpenter By treaty engagements China might points out that once again a governhave been compelled to receive be- ment has began to appreciate the value tween now and 1917 over 43,000 addi- of the contribution which the Church tional chests of Indian opium, the makes to the life of an empire; and that value of which would be some the recognition comes at a time when iI7,000,000 sterling, and Great Britain an effete system has been swept away has surrendered that right. and a new regime is being initiated by men who are not professional politi- The British opium trade with China cians, but desire to establish a form of is dead if China remains true to her really popular government-a parallel present purpose to prevent the produc- which, he thinks, is calculated to reastion of opium at home. This end of a sure those who may now fear for the traffic which has long been a disgrace Church in China the dangers of sucto a Christian nation is a cause for cess, establishment and popUlarity. great thanksgiving but may not be deserving of any special praise. The atti- It is no doubt possible to overestitude of the Chinese Government to- mate the meaning of the new signs of ward opium had brought the British to friendliness to Christianity manifested the point where it was necessary either in China, for all the student class is to force a market for Indian opium or leading in a search for new and better to relinguish the right to sell it, and in things. They are cutting away from consequence the trade has been stopt. old foundations and there is danger Much credit is due to Christians of lest they select too carelessly the new, England and America for their cam- and build too hastily upon them. The paign against the British trade in sobering influence of persecution is opium but many will share the feeling also withdrawn from those who conexprest by the London Times, "an fess Christ. A great work is going on indisposition to praise with unction the and there is a wide open door but British Government's recent decision." China needs our prayers. Now is the time for the American Government to take some action BIBLE TEACHINGS ABOUT THE against the continued wholesale importation of the pernicious American HOLY SPIRIT cigarets into China. 1. John, iii: 3-5 : "Except a man IS CHINA ABOUT TO BECOME be born of water and the Spirit, he can not see the Kingdom of God." CHRISTIAN? 2. Romans, viii: 14 : "As many as T HERE are dangers as well as en- are led by the Spirit of God, they are couragements in the present atti- the sons of God." tude of friendliness toward Christianity in China. The appeal of the 3. Ephesians, v: 18: "Be filled with Chinese Government to the Christians the Spirit." of that and other lands for their The first shows us where life be- gins, second, how it controls man, and third, how it maturps.

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MISSIONARY NEWS EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES might profitably be attempted in many country towns. A Mission Pre… Bureau Salvation Army Mi••ion. W ORD comes from London of a new enterprise which may have eENERAL BOOTH recently dedia large influence on the popular British cated a party of 102 officers for attitude toward missions. A mission service in India, the Dutch Indies, Press Bureau has been established Korea, Japan, Holland, Canada, with its headquarters at the Laymen's South Africa, New Zealand, South Missionary Movement which finances America, France, Malta and Gibraltar. the experiment. An experienced and This is the largest party ever sent out able Fleet Street journalist keenly at one time by the Army, and over 75 interested in missions has been secured are going to India. The event was for an initial experiment of a year. emphasized in a striking fashion. In The aim is to secure a wider use of addition to the foreign mission continmissionary information in the secular gent, there were 350 men and women press. There are, as all Missionary accepted from the Training College Secretaries know, quite a large number for work in the home field. Colors of stories from the field coming in to were also presented to the officers the offices of the Societies which, when appointed to open a number of new properly written for newspaper use, corps in the United Kingdom. The exceed in thrilling interest and fas- whole of the meeting was conducted cination much of the ordinary contents on a spectacular plan. The 350 ne,w of the daily paper. The possibilities officers marched into the arena and in such an undertaking stimulate the mounted five pyramids, and as they imagination. stood there sang a Salvationist fighting hymn. The missionary officers were A Good Plan for Country Towns shown a typical Indian village, with hospital, school-house, temple, etc.' I Na small country town, a few ladies The new colors were taken by Mrs. who were keenly interested in the Booth from white-robed children, and Lord's work in other lands, formed, handed ·to· the waiting officers. At the not a series of small working parties close, General Bramwell Booth dein connection with each church, but a livered a consecration charge to the "Women's Missionary Union," to missionaries by the light of a huge gather once a month for work, and the cross formed of electric lights, a11 the reading of some instructive mIssionary other lights in the hall being exbooks and prayer. Members of the tinguished. Clmrch of England and all the Free Churches work together harmoniously, Serious Deficits Reported and the Union includes representatives of the CM.S., the L.M.S., the Friends' T HE London Christian World notes Foreign Missions, the China Inland that four of the leading British Mission, and the Wesleyan Methodist societies report this year having defiand the Primitive Methodist Mission- ciencies. The London Society has the ary Societies. At the close of the year largest, amounting to about $I45,000. a decision is come to, as to the pro- The Church Society reports $140,000; portional disposal among the societies the Baptist Society $50,000, and the of the articles made and money col·· Wesleyan Society $4°,000. The delected. Mr. Albert Lutley (CLM.), ficiencies are not due to expanding who informs us of the facts, suggests work, but to falling off in receipts. that developments along these lines The London Society has now a debt

of about $370,000. It would appear part of students. In Germany, the Stuthat an every-member canvass is dent Missionary Union, which comneeded by the friends across the sea. prizes those who, after the completion of their University course, intend go- Then and Now ing out to the mission-field, numbers at present 87 members, mostly medi- T HE meeting held in the Chinese cals. Compared with the American Embassy on the Day of Prayer student volunteer movement, the figure for China reminded more than one is extremely modest, but judged by observer of the fact that in that very German conditions, as they were ten building 17 years before Sun Vat Sen years ago, there is good ground for was held a prisoner, awaiting his de- hopefulness, the more so as, apart portation to China to be decapitated, from the Missionary Union circle, in all probability. His release was there has been a real increase of secured at the last moment by his old interest in missions among the general missionary teacher, Dr. Cantile, to body of students and associations whom he succeeded in sending a mes- which, until recently, showed but sage. The Revolution, of which he feeble signs of life; they have been became the leader, has borne no more awakened to a renewed responsibility striking fruit than the request for for carrying forward their work. prayer which was the occasion of the meeting referred to. A representative Exodus from Rome in Germany audience from the Chinese student body in London wa.s present,. !he T HERE is a constant passage from President of the Chmese ChnstIan Catholicism to Protestantism in Student Union was in the chair, at the Prussia which is not counterbalanced invitation of the Chinese Ambassador, by an' equivalent movement in the who himself took part in the meeting. other direction. Thus, in 19IO, the Among the Europeans who joined in number of Catholics becoming Protthe intercession for the welfare of estant was 6,126; of Protest.ants and China was Dr. Cantile. Jews becoming Catholic, 544. Even more marked is the "out-of-Rome" A Livingstone Memorial Station tendency in Austria. Between 1908 and 1910, the Austrian Protestant T HE Directors of the society which community grew from 534,941 souls had the honor of sending Living- to .<;93,256. This growth of. 58,~15 stone to Africa as a medical mission- adherents is due partly to emigration arv are appealing to the public for a from Germany, partly to natural insu~ of at least fIO,OOO in order to crease, and partly to abandonment of establish a mission station in Central Romanism. It is reported that an A frica to be calIed the "Livingstone "away-from-Rome" meeting, held in Memorial Station." It is desired that Vienna in protest against the supersuch a center may be so efficiently stition of the Eucharist demonstraequipped with mIssionary· age~cies, tion last fall, was closed by the seevangelistic, medical, and educatIOnal, cession of 84 heads of Roman Cathothat its work shall be a fulfilment of lic families to Protestantism. Livingstone's service and prayer for the peoples of Central Africa that it Loose-From-Rome in Austria may stand as an outpost against the advance of Islam and its accompany- S INCE about 1897 an evangelical ing slavery, and be recognized. as a movement of larg-e proportions has most effective force for the uphft of been going forward in Austria and has the African. resulted up to 191 I in the transference of over 64,000 Roman Catholics to THE CONTINENT Protestant churches. From 1900 to 19IO there was a net gain for Austrian Germany and Missions Protestants Lutheran and Reformed of 95,754.' To understand the rise ONE of the most promising signs of awakened missionary interest is to be found in the response on the

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and progress of the "Loose-from- and incidentally strengthening their Rome" movement, racial and reli- initiative and enterprise at the expense gious conditions from the medieval of their fatalism. By encouraging selftime must be taken into consideration. support and self-government in the The Hussite movement which swept management of the native congrega- Moravia and Bohemia during the first tions, the American missionaries in half of the fifteenth century was itself Turkey have taught wholesome prinhased upon antagonism between the ciples which made for the progress of German and the native populations. the country along individualistic and democratic lines." MOSLEM LANDS Where Islam is Lacking What Mis.ionaries Are Doing for NOTHING is more sad in Islam Turkey than the ideas and customs con- nected with death. In the Moslem T HE Earl of Shaftesbury is re- death-chamber,' parents and friends ported as having described the surround the dying man, seeking to de- American missionaries in Turkey as ceive him by assurances that he is "a marvelous combination of common getting better; everything is done to sense and piety. Those I have met, revive his hope of recovery. At last. a and I have met and known very many Moslem scribe is sent for, who writes of them, have been distinguished also out a talisman. This may either be for their refinement and education. written on a piece of paper which is The American missionaries, as I have then hung up in the room, or on the known them in Turkey, have had to part of the dying man's body where be all things to all men-physicians, he feels the most pain. Or it may mechanics, savings banks, legal ad- be written in a white soup plate, on visers. I once saw a typical American which water is poured. missionary, who recently died in Sidon -Rev. Dr. Samuel Jessup-within an Moslem Women to Christian Queens hour perform the following functions: Converse with a native mule-driver T HE Orient, published in Constanand hand him a copy of the New tinople, gives a translation of an Testament, produce from his vest appeal to the queens of Europe, pocket a plaster for a wounded hand, adopted at a meeting of Moslem repair a badly damaged mm,ic organ, women, . held in February: advise some tillers of the soil regarding machinery for crushing olives. Your Majesty is not ignorant of the fact that against Turkey, who is "American missionaries created the accused of fanaticism, but who has, cotton lace industry of Turkey, which nevertheless, never waged religious has become a national asset. This year wars, the Balkan States have organthe export of Turkish cotton lace. to ized a crusade, the King of Bul- America will amount to about'$I,OOO,- garia, in a proclamation that has 000, as against half that amount in become sadly famous, having very· 191 I. Manual training schools have loudly declared that this war was to been started in Turkey by American be the war of the Cross against the missionaries, so also model experi- Crescent. mental farms. At Robert College, in Constantinople, they have an up-to- Therefore, madame, the Balkan date engineering school-the only one soldiers have invaded our country, in Turkey; at the Syrian Protestant proclaiming themselves the soldiers College, in Beirut, they have a school of Jesus, Son of Mary, of Him whom of commerce, by. far the best of its we also venerate as a Prophet and kind in the Ottoman Empire. Ameri- whom an humanity cherishes as the can medical missionaries have intro- most striking personification of jusduced new remedies for sickness, thus tice, sweetness and kindness. preserving the health of the people Yet what have these self-styled soldiers of the Christ done?

Ask the old men, the women, and dwell among native Christians and the frightened children, who flee be- bring back the story of Christian life. fore them and who go even into Asia They looked for good teaching and to seek a little safety i ask rather the also for people whose life and conduct thousands of miserable persons who reflected the teaching. These found were unable to flee, and whose this, and they accepted Christianity. corpses are rotting in the mud, after their poor bodies have undergone What Indian Christians Would Know such tortures and such shameful outrages that we, women speaking to I T is proposed to hold a conference women, can only abstain, out of re- of native ministers in South India, spect for our common modesty, from and The Christian Patriot, of Madras, conjuring up too vivid pictures of has been asking some questions, which them. are almost as pertinent for the minis- ters of the United States as for those Madame, you are a queen; there- of South India. Some of the quesfore, you have a mother's feeling tions are as follows: "Is India to have toward all the humble and feeble a single form of Church government? among your people; you are a Chris- Is the form of worship to be the tian queen, professing the religion same for all the churches? What of Him who placed compassion and would best foster and strengthen Inlove before all the other virtues; and dian Christian leadership? Can interlastly, you are a woman of the most change of pulpits and inter-comillustrious nobility, and as such, you munion be encouraged? Is there no have in the highest degree the senti- reason to have the pUlpits reformed? ment of honor. What attempts might be made to bring about revivals in the churches? How In the name of chivalric honor, in could we awaken a desire to underthe name of Christian charity, in the take voluntary preaching work? name of maternal compassion, gra- Could not our sisters be enlisted in ciously deign, madame, to hear the special work for the spread of the cry of indignation and despair ut- Kingdom? What about the rising tered by heartbroken mothers, sisters generation and such a movement as and daughters. Deign in reply, to the Children's Ministering League?" raise your most profoundly respected voice; deign, Your Majesty, to bring Awakening in Western India the law of Christ in regard to the life of men and the honor of women, T HERE are evident signs that a to the minds of the infamous hordes mass movement is beginning in who are trying to hide under the the Nasik, Manmad, and Aurungabad shadow of the Cross the most lurid districts of Western India. The series of fires, murders and viola- C.M.S. Gazette for June says :-"A tions that one can find in any Euro- number of baptisms are recorded, and pean war of our times. over 1,000 adults have given in their names· as inquirers. At Manmad a INDIA, CEYLON AND BURMA good number of people have been bap- tized, many inquirers have been admit- A Test of Christian Doctrine ted, and a larger number are expected shortly to enroll themselves." A MISSIONARY in India used to tell of the steps which led the The Alliance Mission in Gujerat residents of a certain heathen village to renounce heathenism and accept T HE work carried on by the Chris- Christianitv. The villagers sent two tian and Missionary Alliance in successive ~ deputations of their own Gujerat. Berar and the Khandesh is number-the first had to follow the thus summarized in the home organ of English missionary on one of his the Alliance: tours, and bring back the story of Christian doctrine; the second had to We are compeIled to summarize in

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a few sentences the work of 77 foreign three years and a half ago he was missionaries and 95 native laborers, in converted. Born ina religious Hindu three provinces, with an aggregate family, brought up in all the rites of population of 3,000,000. It is organ- Sivite Hinduism, he was very zealous ized around 23 central and 30 out- in the fulfilment of its observance. He stations. It reports a thousand com- worshiped many idols and believed in municants and twice as many native the superstitions and traditions of his Christians; 2, I 50 children in 33 Sun- people. In 1901 his uncle became a day-schools; 400 in other schools, and convert to Christianity and won the IS in the two training schools for bitter hatred of his o;thodox nephew native workers. We note that the for it. Instead of resenting the orphanages have now about 300 chil- nephew's ill-feeling, the uncle gave him dren. The baptisms of the year have numbered 34 and the inquirers 135, aNew Testament, offering him one and the fruit of the mission has been rupee if he would read one Gospel. more widely distributed among many The nephew angrily refused the book stations than confined to the larger and the rupee. He hated the very centers and orphanages. The indus- name of Christ. Yet he watched his trial work at Akola, under the charge uncle's life and was very much imof Mr. Peter Eicher, reports 43 work- prest by his godliness and patience, men and receipts for actual work and by the religious spirit of a Chrisamounting to $8,750, and is carried on tian family in the village where he without loss, indeed, with a fair dwelt. He imitated them in his praybalance. ers to his gods.

Unreached Classes in India One day he heard the Sermon on the Mount. Struck by its beauty, he read ONE class wholly untouched by mis- it to his mother without informing her sion work is the many thousands that it was a portion of the Bible. He of deaf and dumb. When we think was u)1willing to give this credit to the of the abundant provision made for Christian Scriptures that they conthe education of the deaf and dumb in tained teaching so excellent and in- Christian lands, and remember that teresting. there is in India no school or home for these unfortunate thousands-how After hard struggles, he went to his can we but groan in spirit? praying uncle, but, alas, tho a pious, praying man, he knew not how to lead Another class almost untouched by him to Christ. Months of anxiety and missionary effort are the blind. There of earnest seeking passed. One Sunday are in one province alone 105,722 per- he went to a church service,having sons who are blind in both eyes. never before attended one. Afraid of being seen by friends, he hovered out- There are only two institutions in side the open door. The preacher anthis province for the blind. nounced his text, "Come in, thou blessed of the Lord; wherefore stand- It is a sad fact that little or nothing est thou without?" (Gen. 24:31.) To has been done for the blind either him, the words were a call from God. by government or missionary societies. He entered the open door, and his de- Thousands of them go from house to cision was made for Christ. house, day after day, begging bread, and probably not two hundred of them Then came the storm. His mother know how to read the characters for the blind.-(Rev. Dr.) 1. 1. Lucas of angrily struck him when he told her of Allahabad. his faith. He refused to worship From Hinduism to Christian Endeavor idols, and his mother and sisters were MR. S. P. KADAMBAVANAN has been made a Christian En- filled with indignation. His schooldeavor secretary in Madras. Only mates mocked him and his new relig- ion. His mother hid his Bible and threatened to poison him. Then he fled to his Christian uncle in Madras,

but returned in answer to the per- industry by the Empress giving her sistent, tearful entreaties of his moth- personal attention to the silk worms in er. He was kept a prisoner after his the mulberry groves in the temple enreturn and was always watched by closure. One of the recent acts of some relative. He received many the present government was a problows and often he was curst. At last posal from the Ministry of Agriculture he determined to be baptized in spite and Forestry to turn these temples of the tears of his mother and sisters. into agricultural and experimental sta- He fled from home, went to Madras tions and farms. Very naturally this again, and in Zion Church accepted proposal called forth the charge of Christ as his Savior in public baptism. vandalism and impiety. The Depart- Then he attended the Kellett Institute ment of Agriculture, however, makes in Madras, and now, only twenty-two a plausible reply to this charge. It is years of age, he has been separated said that the temple buildings and unto the work of a Christian Endeavor grounds have been going to ruin secretary. through neglect, and that it is the pur- pose of the government that all the Language Schools for Missionaries palaces and halls and sacrificial altars connected with them shall be carefully T HE Indian Methodist Times repaired and preserved as monuments says: "One of the most practical of the national art and architecture. results of the Edinburgh Conference Also that if in future the Republic has been the establishment of lan- should feel called upon to continue to guage schools for missionaries. One perform the former sacrificial rites to has for some time been at work in which the temples were devoted, they the United Provinces for Hindi could be performed without the fear speaking missionaries, and it is now of any interference.-Missiona.ry Surproposed to open one to work in vey. Bengali. The Rev. W. S. Page has been asked to take charge of it and LHow the Day of Prayer Was Kept has consented if he i5 released from ETTERS from China contain very his present work as vice-principal of striking descriptions of the man- Serampore. The Serampore College ner in which Christians and their symcouncil has met the committee in the pathizers observed the Day of Prayer, most generous spirit, and it is ex- April 27. Writing from Tientsin the pected that so far as Serampore is Rev. Arthur Sowerby states that about concerned there will be no difficulty. a thousand people assembled in the After a careful survey of the possibil- afternoon in the Li Hung Chang Meities, Calcutta has been selected as morial Hall, two galleries reserved for the most suitable location for an ex- ladies being well filled. The President perimental school; and if, as is ex- was Mr. Chang Po Ling, principal of pected, sufficient students are forth- one of the· large goverment schools coming, and if, as is hoped, adequate and a leading Christian. Addresses financial guarantees can be secured, were given by two Chinese pastors, the school will commence work dur- another read Psalm 86, and others Jed ing the current year." the gathering in prayer. Lieut.-Co!. Chang Shao brought a written mes- CHINA sage from the provincial governor, and several leading officials were present. Radical Changes in Progress Another report is sent by Rev. R. T HE most famous of all the temples C. Forsyth, who describes the obser- of China are the Temple of Hea- vance of the day in Tsinan fu, the ven and the Temple of Earth at capital of Shantung. Here the ser- Peking. These temples were originally vice was held in the new chapel of the consecrated for the purpose of prayer Baptist mission, all the arrangements by the Emperor for good harvests, and for the encouragement of the silk

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being made by the leaders of the native It is safe to say that the next genechurch. The Governor of the prov- ration of Christians in this district ince was represented by two of the will not countenance the old heathen members of his staff, and several practise of engaging the children in officers in full uniform attended by babyhood and that other ancient evil order of the colonel of the Fifth Divi- customs will also be abandoned. sion. A Chinese gentleman presided, and the program included hymns by a A Temperance for Children choir of students. The proceedings, N "International School Children's which were closed by the singing of Temperance League" has been the Chinese national anthem, were of formed by Rev. Edward W. Thwing, a most impressive nature throughout. the Oriental Secretary of the Interna- Also from Tai Yuan fu, the capital of tional Reform Bureau. Many chil- Shansi, comes a similar report by the dren are already wearing the button Rev. T. E. Lower: "Our chapel was which has a white cross on a blue crowded last Sunday, when special field with red letters "I. S. C. T. L." prayer was made on behalf of the for title above. The pledge they sign nation and its leaders. Representa- i!, as follows: "I will wear the League tives from the civil and military button, and promise to try and keep governors attended, and some 20 my heart pure, not to say bad words, members of the provincial assembly not to look at bad pictures, not to were present. smoke, not to drink intoxicating liquors, and to do what I can to help A Women's Convention in China others to take the stand, and God will help me." Mr. Thwing has been ap- T HE recent convention of women pointed an official adviser of the New in China is a marked evidence of Board of Education of the Chinese the progress of that great Republic. RepUblic, which has established a Parts of four counties were repre- special department of "Social Service" sented, Christians coming as far as at his suggestion. His chief work for 60 miles in some cases, on barrows the government is as the official adand afoot. The leaders were Chinese viser of the Opium Commission. and women spoke from the platform without hesitancy, but with eloquence Changes in Two Provinces and spirit. Miss Ho, a young woman not much over 20, addrest the THE Mios of Yunnan and Kweiaudience of men and women on the chau, who have been pouring into "Duty of 'vVomen in the New Repub- the Church in the past few years, lic." The subject of foot binding was were, before they became Christians, introduced by a Chinese woman of not illiterate, but had never even seen infiuence and some 80 women prom- their speech in written form. The ised to unbind, or influence others to missionaries have reduced it to unbind. The subject of family prayers writing, translated part of the Scripshowed that a fairly representative tures and have now been instructing number present already observes this thousands,in reading. This has been duty. The subjects of discussion were largely brought about with the help all especially applicable to the Chinese of the colporteur readers of the Bible women-such as: Society. These spend a week in a village and then pass on to another Equal authority of husband and wife. hamlet. Over 300 villages are thus Partiality between sons and daughters. helped in the course of a year. The The duty of sending girls to school. ~ios make the most of their new op- The duty and power of women in portunity, studying night and day. prayer. vVearing apparel. Mr. Pollard of the China Inland Cleanliness and order of the home. Mission, who pioneered this work, Dedication of children to thf, Lord. often had three generations in a sin:- Guarding of speech against gossip and tattling. Marriage engagements.

gle class. They would keep on study-;~ were to receive a non-religious educa- mg, hundreds at a time, until twelve, tion. It was in many quarters plainly one and two A. M. They would come declared that youths in schools were in f.rom seventl-five miles, eating too young to select a religion and nothmg all the tIme but raw oatmeal should let religion alone till they reach softened in water. When their food maturity. Now, the government was exhausted they would proceed recognizes the need of religion in the homeward, and at every village show formation of the moral character of their books and explain what they had youth and the Christian Church is at learned. This meant fresh streams of perfect liberty to enter in at the open learners converging on the mission door with the other religions."

station. It is related that, on one occasion, Mrs. Pollard shut her hus- Christian Endeavor in Japan and Korea band in his bedroom for a nap. When THE Japan Union of Christian she opened the door to· see if he had Endeavor has just held its 21st "fallen off" she was astonished to find annual gathering. It is thus of age three Mios sitting beside the bed wait- and is making a new effort to fit itself ing for him to awake, that they might into the special needs of the far East.

be the first to get the coveted teaching. Among the delegates was a Korean, -Herald and Presbyter. named Ko, who gave a very encourag- JAP AN-KOREA ing report of the Society'S work in that country begun during the past A Y. M. C. A. for Tokyo year.

TWO Chinese from the distant west One day he was set upon by 30 province of Yunnan, converted of his fel!ow countrymen, most of while studying in Tokyo, have on their them Christians, with whom he was return organized a Y. M. C. A., to dining in a Japanese restaurant. They which two secretaries have been dis- charged him with being disloyal to patched by the general committee. Korea, and the affair might have ended Miss Jessie Ding, a Chinese Christian seriously, had not a Japanese policeworker, has been shepherding the man come to the rescue. In order to Chinese women students in Tokyo. avoid further danger Ko left Tokyo A general secretary has been secured before the close of the convention. for the work among the 10,000 Japa- In some of the other cities where he nese students-Prof. M. Kurihara, a tarried he was threatened with further graduate of the Imperial University ill treatment, but no harm came to him. and for seven years a teacher. For the permanent conference site land has Christian Endeavor feels that it has been bought under the shadow of Mt. a mediating and healing work to do Fuji. One young Japanese graduate for the two peoples in this time of mutual distrust and distress.

has contributed 1,500 yen and John Batchelor, Apostle to the Ainu another, a member of the national committee, 500 yen (out of straitened THE Ainu people, the aborigines of Japan, live chiefly in the Hokpocket) toward the purchase money; kaido, the North Island of the Empire. 1,200 Japanese students are in Bible A few are found in the chain of circles, studying such courses as Pro- Islands to the N. E. of the Hokkaido, fessor Kashiwai's "John and the also not a few in Sagalein. The Ro- Teaching of Jesus," and Professor man Catholics have done some work Abe's "Romans." among them, but the apostle to the School. No Longer Non-Religious Ainu people is John Batchelor. A HE Rev. G. M. Rowland writes debilitating fever compelled Mr. T from Sapporo, Japan: "Hitherto Batchelor to leave China, his original in government schools no religious field, about 30 years ago and he sought teaching has been allowed. The youth and found health and work in the

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Hokkaido, where he acquired both the to become the evangelizers of the Japanese and Ainu languages. The Orient. Ainu people have no written language, and English letters serve them better The following incident will show than the Japanese syllabary since how readily the Koreans receive the many Ainu words end in a consonant gospel. The missionary and his native while all Japanese words end in a helper were belated one night among vowel or "n." Mr. Batchelor prepared the islands, and put ashore for the a grammar of the Ainu language and night. They preached to a chance compiled an Ainu – Japanese – English crowd that gathered to them at the dictionary. He also translated the landing, evening and morning, left New Testament, some books of the tracts, and a manual showing how to Old Testament, parts of the Prayer conduct services. In a year the mis- Book and a small hymn book. He sionary returned and found a congrelived among the Ainu people, obtained gation of ISO gathered. There is now their respect and affection, and is at that place, three years after, a better known among them than any church of 125 members, and a congreperson out of their own nation. For gation of 300; 48 were baptized at 17 years he labored but baptized none. one time. This is not an unusual inci- Then the time came when he began to dent. receive them into the church, and now over 1,000 have been baptized by Japanese in Korea him. No other Protestant Church has regular work among these people tho SINCE Korea became a part of Mrs. Pierson and myself have done Japan, the Japanese are flocking a little among them. The results of thither in great numbers. It is estiour meager efforts we gladly turned mated that there are now 250,000 in over to the Church Missionary Society the country, and they are entering which Archdeacon Batchelor has in rapidly. It is generally agreed here charge.*-Geo. P. Pierson. that the material results of Japanese dominion, and even the distinctively The Outlook in Korea educational, will be good; but that the spiritual results will be bad. Of W HILE the result sought for a course, Christian workers can do few years ago in the cry, "A nothing in regard to the political million converts this year," has not supremacy of Japan, but they are dobeen reached, remarkable results have ing what they can to bring the been attained. It is now estimated Japanese in Korea to Christ, so that that there are 125,000 baptized mem- their personal influence will not be bers, and as many more probationers detrimental. Several churches have and adherents. The excitement of the been organized among them in the great revival has died away, the chaff larger cities, and they seem to be more has been blown from the wheat, and readily reached than their brethren at the work is now on a solid basis. The home, being separated from their Koreans are still reaching out their friends and relatives. hands for the gospel, and there are more open fields than the present mis- The great importance of this work sionary force, large as it is relatively, in Korea will be recognized when it is can enter. The Koreans are naturally pointed out that these Japanese are the spiritual-minded. They readily take most important personages in the up the work of the teacher and the cities in which they are located, being evangelist, and it has been suggested political, financial and industrial that in the providence of God they are leaders, and should have the en- couragement of religious leaders. * In THE l1ISSIONARY REVIEW for February there was an erroueous statement, as Mr. Pierson writes Korea's Work of Foreign Missions that he has baptized only ten or twelve Ainu. and these were people to whom Dr. Batchelor had not T HE Korean Presbyterian Church access at the time. asks that a distinct territory in China may be set aside for it as its

"foreign mission" field of to-day. It The opponents of the change argued should stir the hearts of all Christians that the alternate definition is not a to realize that Korea, a land lately comprehensive but an arbitrary one; heathen, then grievously troubled by it expresses no principle and therefore political tribulations and persecutions is not adapted to the exigencies of of Christians, should reach alit in its any and every period. It is merely poverty, to help other nations. The a mechanical list of Churches which Board 6f Foreign Missions, which the are now evangelical but may not re- Korean General Assembly organized main so. The vote by which the last year, has requested the native "Portland Basis" was maintained inchurches to raise $r ,000 toward mis- tact was 521 to 392, which may be sionary work in China. 'vVork is regarded as a signal victory for orthoalready being carried on by Korean doxy.

Christians among the Japanese in Korea. Perhaps, in the Providence of "The Ideal Student" at Princeton God, the weaker nation, made tribu- THE statue placed upon the campus tary to Japan, may be the means of of Princeton University to comintroducing the Gospel tidings among memorate the organization there of that people, where other nations have the Intercollegiate Young Men's been partially successful. Christian Association stands upon a NORTH AMERICA granite base which bears two impres- sive inscriptions, one historical, the The Membership Basis of the Y. M. C. A. other expressing the ideal for which HE most important matter brought the memorial stands. The first reads: T before the Thirty-Eighth Inter- "1876-Near by, in old East Col- national Convention of the Y. M. C. A. lege, some words of William E.

of North America, held in Cincinnati Dodge, Junior, led a little group of in May, was the report of the com- students to form the Intercollegiate mission, appointed by a previous con- Young Men's Christian Association, vention, for the purpose of considering from which the Student Volunteer ,the question of the desirability of Movement and the World's Student rephrasing the deftnitio'l of the word Christian Federation have grown."

"evangelical" as contained in what is The inscription on the opposite face known as the "Portland Basis," and, was composed by Dr. Henry van Dyke, if it was deemed expedienl, "to recom- and reads; "

mend a substitute, which ~hall ir, no "For a nobler, stronger manhood in way weaken the statement regarding body, soul and spirit; for the better the value and place of the Holy Scrip- service of mankind and the coming of tures alld the Deity of Jesus Christ, God's kingdom, the Christian students our Lord and Savior." of the world are united in brother- The Commission recommended to hood in the nam"e of Christ."

the Cincinnati Convention that no The sculptor, Mr. French, intends attempt be made at this time to re- his heroic figure to stand for all the phrase the definition of the word qualities combined in a student ful- "evangelical," but that "for such Asso- filling the highest Christian ideal.

ciations as may desire an alternate These Dr. John R. Mott, at the dedica- definition of the word 'evangelical,' tion of the statue, defined as especially this Convention authorizes the use of including manliness, reality, vision the following : 'We hold those and purpose.

Churches to be evangelical in the United States, which are affiliated in World Student Christian Movement to "The Federal Council of Churches of Date Christ in America," or have been in- HE current report of the World vited to affiliate, and those in Canada T Student Christian Movement fur- which correspond to them in name, or nishes inspiring reading. When the history or both,' " Federation was formed in 1895 there

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were 599 local organizations with miIlionaires. It is stated· on . good 33,275 members. These have grown authority that there are perhaps 3,000 in number to 2,320 with 156,063 mem- Presbyterian millionaires in the Pres- bers. In the United States there are byterian Church, U. S. A. No one now 20 student secretaries of the In- has attempted to state how many mil- ternational Committee, 21 belonging lionaires are to be found in the to state' committees and 138 local membership of the other denomina- secretaries giving their whole time to tions, but it would be safe to ~ay that this work. Successful evangelistic the number is greater now than ever meetings have been held in the State before in the history of the Church.

Universities of Michigan, Wisconsin, The recent enormous increase of Iowa, Pennsylvannia, Oregon and riches among Christian people lays a Washington. The Federation was at tremendous responsibility upon those the start organized only in North to whom God has committed the trust America, Great Britain, Germany, of large sums of money. If these vast Scandinavia and in mission colleges. riches are consecrated to the work of Now it is well rooted in Holland, Bel- God, many of the difficulties that now gium, France, Italy, Switzerland, confront our Executive Committees Australasia and South Africa as well. will be solved.

Visits made by Messrs. Matt and A Good Plan for Summer Evangeliam Wilder to Amsterdam, Leyden, Utrecht and Delft in 1912 have proved A PLAN for effective evangelistic very fruitful. work during the summer was per- fected by the session of the First Presbyterian Reinforcements Presbyterian Church, of Louisville.

T HE list of new missionaries ap- The pastor, Dr. J. S. Lyons, planned pointed this season by the Presby- to take about a dozen men from his terian Board in New York number church to Whitesburg, in the moun- 94 names. Practically all of these tains of 'Kentucky, during the month were in N ew York il;I June in atten- of August, where they were to conduct oance on the 16th annual conference a house-to-house religion campaign.

for outgoing mlsslOnaries. There The laymen who accompany Dr.

were also present six young men and Lyons wiII go out two by two and women under appointment by the visit every hamlet and every home In Reformed Church in America, who as the community. They will tell the a matter of interdenominational fra- Gospel story to the people and invite ternity were invited to be guests of the them to the preaching service each Presbyterians. A large number of night in the town, and especially to the missionaries about to return from central meetings to be held on Friday, furlough and a few reappointed, in- Saturday and the Sabbath following.

cluding Dr. and Mrs..C. A. R. Janvier, In this way it is hoped that the mes- were likewise present; 42 or the com- sage of the Gospel may be carried to pany were under appointment to the every individual and to every home in various missions of the Board in the county. It is a plan that can be China, 17 were to go to India, IS to put into operation in any county in Persia, and I I had not yet been ap- any State, and will be a most effec- pointed to their fields. An even tive means for any pastor to use to larger proportion than usual are col- enlarge the influence of his church and lege trained men and women. to carry the message of the Gospel to A Christian Millionaires unevange1ized regions. STATEMENT was made re- Atlanta's Campaign Against Vice T cently by one of the representa- HE splendid fight made by the Christian people of Atlanta last tives of a church board of the Northern Presbyterian Church that year against protected vice in that city he had a list of 1,600 Presbyterian has attracted the attention of the

entire country. In June, 1912, the The Proprietor of this well-known Executive Committee of the "Men pharmacy advises his many customers and Religion Forward Movement" and the public in general, that a good began to publish at frequent intervals supply of material medicines, prepared bulletins which gave publicity to facts by chemical processes and pharmacists connected with protected vice and in laboratories of high standing, may were intended to arouse the con- be found in his establishment. These science1 of the people by presenting are for the healing of bodily sickness actual conditions. but are often of uncertain effect.

In September, four months after He has in stock also a large quantity the appearance of the first bulletin, of spiritual medicines of certain rethe chief of police issued the sult and not made by the hands of man order which closed the segregated -as the Holy Scriptures, which are district. The Christian people of the power and wisdom of God for Atlanta made provision for taking the salvation of those who repent of care of those who were unable to sup- their sins and give themselves to Jesus port themselves as a result of the Christ, the only Savior of sinners. campaign. Thus Atlanta found a practical and effective solution of the The material medicines as well as problem that perplexes every city. the spiritual are sold at any hour, at low prices and furnished freely to the In order that other cities may profit poor. by Atlanta's experience, 27 of the bulletins used in the campaign have been Then follow in large type seven published in pamphlet form, and can texts from Scripture.-The Neglected be secured at the actual cost of publi- Continent. cation (ten cents per copy), from Mr. ]. P. Jackson, Executive Secretary, Leprosy in Paraguay Y. M. C. A., Atlanta, Georgia. T HE South American Journal calls SOUTH AMERICA attention to the grave and increas- ing danger from the spread of lep- Ending Putumayo Atrocities rosy in South American countries, especially in Paraguay, since the local T HE court of chancery in London authorities do not seem to take any has ordered the compUlsory wind- steps for the isolation of existing ing up of the Peruvian Amazon Com- cases. It is stated that in one town pany, the British corporation whose of Paraguay a prominent business agents were held responsible for the man, who was horribly disfigured with horrors of the Putumayo rubber "Lepra Tuberosa," was sitting in his forests first revealed by Sir Roger office, receiving callers, and attending Casement, the consul-general at Rio to his business, while a woman, who Janeiro. had been a leper for fifteen years, kept a confectioner's shop and made the A Remarkahle Advertisement cakes, which she sold, with her own hands, until her face became so dis- T RANSLATION of a unique ad- figured that she was forced to give vertisement issued by Nestor up her business. In Asuncion, the Escobar, a crente in Goyaz. Sr. Nes- capital of Paraguay, leprous women tor was converted through the reading sit in the public markets and sell of a Bible purchased from Mr. Glass fruit and cakes. In Belen, with a some nine years ago, and later on was population of 3,000, Dr. ]. W. Lindbaptized as a member of the Presby- say affirms that he knows at least teri2n Church. 20 lepers who are natives of that place, and the man who plays the POPULAR PHARMACY clarionet in the church is afflicted with the disease. He states that he has OF often observed lepers mingling with NESTOR ESCOBAR FOUNDED IN 1905 BOMFIN-ESTADO DE GOYAZ

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the crowds at the great religious Mennonik Union of the Netherlands, feasts, or moving freely among the the German Neukirchen Mission Insti- passengers on the river steamers be- tute, the Reformed Churches in the tween Asuncion and Concepcion, or Netherlands, the Netherlands Mission- selling milk and other refreshments ary Union, and the American Metho- to the passengers on the railroad dists. The Salvation Army also has trains. He declares, "I am abso- entered Java and is doing much good.

lutely certain that there is not a vil- The total number of native Chtistians lage in the whole of Paraguay where upon Java is estimated at a little less you would not find various lepers." than 28,000 to-day. Truly, Java is While the authorities pay no atten- still destitute of the Gospel.

tion to this danger to the public Methodist Work in Java health in Paraguay and all South America, we have to chronicle with BISHOP ROBINSON writes to the regret that little medical missionary Pittsburgh Christian Advocate: work is done in South America by "It was my fortune to be able to visit Protestant forces. The World Atlas every station, with a single exception, of Christian Missions reports 2 hospi- in which our missionaries are labortals and 2 dispensaries in Chile, I dis- ing in Java. Good progress has been pensary each in Brazil and Dutch made in foundation-laying, and on Guiana, and we know of no leper every hand promising openings preasylum in South America beside that sent themselves. As compared with of the Moravians in Dutch Guiana. work in British India, missionaries in the Dutch Indies labor under restric- MALAYSIA AND OCEANIA tions and disabilities unknown in the A Destitute Field former. Every missionary is obliged to obtain a special official permit to THE islands of the Dutch East carryon his work, and the territory Indies, which consist of Java, within which he shall be at liberty to operate is carefully defined. Often Madura, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, the process of securing the permit is the Molucca islands, the Sunda island5, a tedious one, and rather trying to, a number of smaller islands, and a the patience of enthusiastic mission- part of New Guinea, are said to have aries. There are restrictions, also, in a population of 38,000,000, of whom regard to open-air work, which ham- more than 22,000,000 are Moham- per the missionary in certain lines of medans. The comparatively small activity, and prevent the use of meth- island of Java contains 30,000,000 of ods of reach~ng the people which inhabitants, who belong to the Malay have been found helpful elsewhere. race. Nominally they have been It must be said, however, that as a Mohammedans since the 15th century, rule the Dutch officials show us, as but spirit-worship, interwoven with a mission, much consideration and fragments of Buddhism and Moham- sympathy, and our missionaries are medanism, is really the dominant faith grateful for many kind courtesies re- of these peaceable, sober, and indus- ceived at their hands. The officials trious people. Among this multitude whom I personally met while in the . of heathen 7 Protestant Missionary island were extremely kind, and it Societies are at work and 66 mission- was abundantly evident that the atti- aries, 9 physicians, and 25 femaIe tude of the authorities is wholly workers are settled upon 36 stations friendly to the mission." and 104 outstations. What a small force, roo missionary agents among 30,000,000, even tho it is assisted Progress in Sumatra F by ra8 native workers and 265 native ROM that once far-away island, William T. vVard writes of his teachers. These societies are the old Netherlands Missionary Society, the work: "I recently baptized the first Java Committee at Amsterdam the Chinese reformer in Sumatra, with 5

others. Later I baptized the first of the former savagery of the natives. Chinese editor in Sumatra, with 13 others. This makes 23 baptisms in oLi his second visit to one particular six months, and brings our churchmembership to 50. We gave our village, he found not a single person Christmas program in the Chinese remaining, the whole of the villagers theater, about 400 Chinese being pres- having been killed by an invading ent. They looked on with great sur- tribe. The zeal shown by converted prize, while the boys and girls sang natives to carry the Gospel to those and recited and performed their parts around them was illustrated by the without an error. Our second pro- case of an old woman who, at the age gram was given in the Malay theater of 70, learned to read, and then went and was an even greater success than to different villages with the teachers the first. Among those who have re- to assist in the work of evangelizacently joined us are afnumber of tion. One of the converts referred to amateur musicians, who are helping by Mr. Paton was a native chief who to make the Sunday services very formerly had killed and eaten 2 attractive. Our Sunday evening white men. The results of the work service at the Malay theater is some- on the different islands are usually times so crowded that people fill the slow, but finally the Gospel wins its verandah and part of the road." triumphs among the people.

The New Hebrides to Date The Lotu in Fiji FOR the past 50 years the mission T HAT the lotu (Christian religion) to evangelize the cannibal natives has not lost its influence in Fiji of the New Hebrides has been asso- is shown by a letter written in the ciated with the name of Dr. John G. Messenger by a correspondent sign- Paton, the heroic missionary who ing himself "Rejoice-at-advancement." spent his long life for the salvation He writes that at a district council of these islanders. So far as Great of chiefs, held in the Tailevu Divi- Britain and Ireland are concerned, sion, the leading chief arranged that the mission is now represented by a prayer meeting should be held each the voluntary organization known as night, at which Fijian ministers, and the John G. Paton Mission Fund. some of the members of the council, The fund is responsible for 5 Euro- vvere to speak. These prayer meetings pean missionaries, 2 European assist- were well attended, and characterized ants, nearly 200 native teachers, and by much fervor. The chiefs and peo- 3 hospitals, 5 missiorf motor-boats, ple also joined in thanks to God that and the general upkeep of the mis- the population had increased in their sion-sta tions. district by 150 during the year.

A goodly number of supporters and NORTH AFRICA AND THE SUDAN friends of the mission' met recently to bid farewell and God-speed to Rev. T Woful Spiritual Needs HE latest religious statistics for Fred. J. Paton, son of Dr. Paton, the Dark Continent give 9,000,000 as adherents to Christianity, 40,000,- who has himself been for some 20 000 Mohammedans, and 8r,000,000. years among South Sea cannibals, pagans. If the entire population were and after a time of furlough is re- divided among the ordained missionturning to the field. aries now at work, each would receive . Mr. Paton said that since England 88,000 persons as a parish.

and France had undertaken joint con- Women's Education in Egypt trol of the islands, women and children were less safe than formerly, T HE Church Missionary Gleaner as the result primarily of the illegal is authority for this encouraging sale of strong drink which is allowed report concerning one line of progress to go on. He gave a striking instance in Egypt under British control:-

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"In 1899 Lord Cromer stated that first stage. The kind of literature no girl had yet presented herself for sent out always awakens an appetite the primary certificate and that no for more. It is life-producing; it Egyptian woman had yet received a arouses investigation; it awakens intel- professional training for the vocation lectual life; it can only satisfy by of teacher. In 191 I Sir Eldon Gorst larger supply. Various missionary reported 43 girl candidates for the societies are already beginning to look primary certificate. In 1912 Lord to the Nile Press for printing and Kitchener states that 'there is prob- publishing on a scale which it is utterly ably nothing more remarkable in the impossible for us to undertake with social history of Egypt during the last the present equipment. dozen years than the growth of public opinion among all classes of Egyptians Moslem Workers Active in the Sudan in favor of the education of their I Na recent letter to the secretary daughters. The girls' schools belong- of the Sudan Interior Mission, Dr. ing to the Ministry of Education are A. P. Stirrett tells of the terrible in- crowded, and to meet the growing de- roads that Mohammedanism is mak- mand sites have been acquired and ing. Writing of a recent journey, he fresh schools are to be constructed, says: "I stayed over Sunday at a one at Alexandria and two in Cairo.' small town at which I had halted In 1900 there were 1,640 girls in two years ago, and was pained .to kutabs inspected by the government; see that Moslem customs have gained in 1910 there were over 22,000. As a stronger hold there. Later, the one .example : Six years ago when a reason for this became evident. The school in Cairo was opened the only next place I stayed at was a .large way to obtain pupils was to command Mohammedan center. After looking the government employees residing in about the city, I interviewed the Brit- the district to send their daughters for ish resident as to the prospects of instruction. To-day the school is starting a mission there. He was packed with 314 girls, in charge of a quite decisive in his answer that he man principal and 6 Egyptian women. did not wish a missionary there, altho The latter teach unveiled before men." he thought that in other parts of his jurisdiction there would be no objec- .0Missionary Value of a Printing-press tion whatever. In fact, he said his R. S. M. ZWEMER, writing in influence on that city was that of Blessed Be Egypt, concerning the making the people more Mohamme- future of the Nile Mission Press, says: dan. He seemed to fear that the ad- "When the acorn of faith was planted, vent of Christianity would complicate the friends of the Nile Mission Press matters in the administration of the expected growth, and the situation law. Now, since smaller towns are which faces us is exactly similar to usually tributary to the larger ones, that of a gardener with a young sap- and since in the latter Mohammedan- ling which has struck root and had a ism is encouraged, one can easily see good start, but which badly needs the effect upon the smaller. Further, transplanting to a place where it will note that the turban, worn almost have permanent room for growth of universally by the Moslem, is a dis- all its branches. The statement made tinguishing mark of his religion. in the last report of. the Press, that Now, when a chief in a semi-pagan already no less than 55 societies and district is crowned king, the official 37 countries, from Morocco to China, ceremony usually consists in giving ordered literature from the Press, is him a turban to put on, altho he may sufficient evidence that we must plan be a pagan. Must not the effect for a much larger development in the of this ceremony, upon the pagan and future. The work of the Press has semi-pagan, be to incline them to only begun; both on lines of ~roduc­ think that British rulers are Mohamtion and distribution we are at the medan? Indeed, I have heard it

given out by a Moslem that if people have promised at least $50 per dared to become Christians they annum in collections. A young lad would at once be disciplined by Brit- who was trained in the institute and ish authority." is in the government service getting WEST AFRICA AND THE KONGO $270 per year, has offered to be the Moslem Activity teacher, altho he will receive only $150. SINCE the advent of Moham- medanism into the territory of Fruits of Nigerian Missions N Sierra Leone, schools of that religionUMBERS ,of Africans from Southern Nigeria are engaged in have been maintained in Moslem centers. A group of native boys mining at various places on the rail- gathered around their Mohammedan way line from the coast to Coomassie instructor is a common sight. A in Ashanti. The Bishop of Accra written language, the classical Arabic (Gold Coast) says of these immi- is taught, and the Koran is the text- grants; "The Yorubas are always book. Mohammedan education among notable for being earnest Christians, the natives of Sierra Leone may be and do great credit to the missionaries divided into two distinct parts. The of the C.S.M. in Southern Nigeria, first part pays attention to the pro- whence they come. We get Bibles, mmciation and writing of the Arabic prayer-books, and other literature for language as it is found in the Koran. them from Lagos, in their native lan- No effort is made to explain the mean- guage, and they purchase in large ing of the text. The greatest value is quantities. They often establish their ascrieed to mere pronunciation. Hence own church communities and build a Mohammedan education lays stre~s church without any assistance from upon forms rather than meanings. outside."

.I The second course in Mohammedan Waiting for a Teacher education comprises instruction in N West Africa a town on the delta fetichism and witchcraft. It has been of the Niger was visited for the the custom that a student must finish first time in 1909; and early last year, the first course and be redeemed with the price of a slave before the second in response to repeated invitations, course can be taken up. The second course prepares the student for the Rev. J. D. Aitken, of the Church Mis- sionary Society, went thither. The making and selling of charms an.d whole town turned out to meet him, and he was taken to see a spot where greegrees of various kinds. they propose to build a school. He In the Calabar Country observed in their houses pieces of T HE reports from the Free Church wood, bored with seven holes, and a of Scotland mission in the Calabar peg inserted in one of them. This was country show that the people are "U:ow their contrivance for keeping the re- eager for the Gospel and all the bless- currence of Sunday in remembrance, ings it brings, and are cheerfully tho in their ignorance they observed it shouldering the responsibilities. that on Saturdays. They wished to be also come with it." At several places taught to pray; and being asked how good buildings for churches and they did pray, they replied that they schools have been erected entirely met each morning and said (so it was from native contributions. The mis- interpreted to Mr. Aitken); "0 God, sion at Ediba illustrates the liberality we beg you, make you look good to- and interest shown at other stations. day; make you no trouble we, or do At Ediba the young people have put we any bad; we beg you, we beg you, up a splendid building, and the chiefs we beg you." How pathetic it is that have given $15 for benches, these Nigerian people for two years and promised $roo per annum should have been keeping the Sabbath for a teacher, and the young people and offering their prayers to God

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

while waiting and longing for a Chris- can not be the slave of another. But tian teacher! when various Christian governments stopt the nefarious traffic, and the A New Kongo Language Difficulty bodies of the blacks could no longer be exploited, the enterprising Moslems REV. J. L. COPPEDGE writes of at once went to work on their souls it serious problem which is con- with an energy which Christian mis- fronting the Southern Presbyterian sionaries would do well to emulate, if mission in the Kongo. The territory they do not deem it wise to fol1ow all of the Kongo Free State has now their methods in detail. In German passed into the hands of Belgium and East Africa the government, insistent for years French has been the official as they are at home on confessional language. In most African colonies education in the public schools and the .the official language must be taught maintenance of a subsidized state in all schools, or they are closed by church, preserves an attitude of abso- the government. The Romanists are lute religious neutrality. All beliefs everywhere gaining the support of are on an absolute equality; the chil- the government by teaching French dren in the public schools hear nothing thoroughly and efficiently to their na- of the Bible, much less of Christian tive converts. doctrine; and missionary enterprises, altho not discouraged, are left entirely In order to do this also, we should without assistance of any kind. have a native Frenchman or Belgian to conduct classes for our missionaries, A Toro Princess Testimony evangelists and native teachers. MALIZA, a native of Toro (the I have been told a number of times western province of the present by influential chiefs whose children at- Uganda Protectorate), had been taken tended Roman Catholic schools, that <;aptive by Mohammedan slave-raiders if our schools only gave a course in and sold as a slave in Busoga. When French. the children would be sent to the British Government took over ef- us. If 'we do not grasp this opportuni- fective control of that country, Maliza ty to enlarge the usefulness of our mis- regained her freedom and made her sion, we must be prepared to see all way back to her own land, a journey of our schools closed by law. of at least three weeks. She passed through Mengo; and as she was suffer- Fortunately a consecrated Belgian ing from an affection of the eyes, was· advised to visit the E11yumba Yedaga/a Protestant has been offered to us as a (House of Medicine-C. S. M.) teacher. To secure his services, his where, she was told, friendly Bazu11gu traveling expenses and salary must be (white people) looked after the sick. guaranteed. This she did, got quite well, and went on her journey. When she arrived in UGANDA AND EAST AFRICA Toro, it was found that Maliza was a princess of the royal house, and she Islam Making Rapid Gains had her former residence and honors restored to her. She speedily sought GERMAN East Africa is the lead- ont the missionary there, and told him ing German colony, a state with of the medical help she had received twice the area of Texas, with about at Mengo. "Now," she added, "I the population of Pennsylvania. It is want to learn about a religion which literally true that this Christian state teaches its followers to be as kind as is being Mohammedanized more rapid- that." The missionary readily re- ly than it is being Christianized. The sponded, and in the course of time, chief reason for the vast increase in after due instruction, she was bap- proselytizing zeal among the Moham- tized. medans in Africa is a very curious one. When the Arabs were still per- mitted to enslave the natives, there was never any thought of winning them to Mohammedanism, for "the Faithful" are all brethren, and one

King Daudi, of Uganda, in England The Delights of Travel T HE young King of Uganda will A MISSIONARY writes home: be followed with interest during "I suppose that since the behis visit to England. He is a son of ginning of the year I have trav- Mwanga, the king of Uganda who eled between 300 and 400 miles bemurdered Bishop Hannington in 1885, hind oxen that journey at the furious who persecuted the Church of Christ, rate of two miles a hour. I have who was notorious for his profligacy, slept in native homes, on friendly who cut short his own career by rebel- verandas, in the traveling cart, unling against the British Government der trees, and out in the open. I in 1897, was exiled the same ye,ar to have traveled through mud, over stony roads, through places where the Seychelles Islands, and who, in the there was no road at all. I have been lost in the jungle in the middle quietness of a little island in the Indian of the darkest of nights, and have Ocean, received the light and was bap- been almost hopelessly stuck in the tized. A few years after his death his mud when the darkness was so dense body was brought to Uganda as to seemingly almost swallow up and buried in the tomb of his father the flickering light of the lanterns Mutesa, and on the cross to be erecled we carried. We have had to pull on his grave these words are to be a broken tonga out of a rice s,",:amp, inscribed in the native language, "At tie it up with ropes, and drag tt off eventide there shall be light." Now three miles to a village to be rl"- his son, an educated Christian boy, is paired. In our night wanderings we visiting England accompanied by his have heard the yelp of the jackal, the cry of the hyena, the roar of the ' f " tutor, ]. S. R. Sturrock, and three tiger. On each trip we were sure of meeting some new experience." chiefs. Daudi has shown his interest in the A Martyr's Memorial in Madagascar Christian Faith by being confirmed at T HE memory of the brave Malahis own request-no pressure what· g-asy Christians, who su.ffp.r~d ever was brought to bear on him-<:.r.d death during the long persecutlOn III also by building a church in his court- the last century, is being kept alive yard, for which he has provided silver in Mada!Sascar by memorial churches, communion vessels, and a large harmo- in which are tablets which tell the nium which is played by a Muganda. story. One such memorial has re- He is a keen footballer and a coming cently been erected near where Rasagolfer, being a member of the Uganda lama, the proto-martyr of Mad~gas­ Golf Club, and playing regularly two car, was speared in 1837. It IS of or three times a week with the govern- interest to note that, many years ment officials and civilians stationed ago, a monument cot;Imem.orating at Kampala. Rasalama was erected III Htghbury Chapel, Bristol; and also that her Of the three chiefs who are accom- figure is g-iven, together with other panying him, two are prominent mem- female saints and martyrs, in one of bers of the church in Uganda, which the windows of the magnificent has now a following of 80,000 baptized chapel erected by the Duke of Westpersons. minster adioin;ng- his palatial resi- dence at Eaton Hall, Cheshire. It SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR was felt to be hig-h time, therefore. that in her native' land, there should A Mission in the Gold Mines be something tangible to hand down to coming generations the story of T HE American Board is about to fidelity connected with her name. begin work in Johannisburg, by sending there for the purpose Rey. F. B. Bridgman, who for years has been stationed at Durban in Natal. Johannisburg is in the immediate vicinity of gold mines with an output of $I75,000,000 last year, and a total in 25 years of $1,750,000,000!!! AND MISSION LANDS THE STRUGGLE FOR CHRIS.TJAN TRUTH IN to them. Public opinion has turned in their favor, and the press speaks ITALY. By Giovanni Luzzi, D.D. 12mo, well of them. The cultured classes 338 pp. $1.50, net. The Fleming H. apply to various pastors for evan- Revell Company, New Yark, 1913. gelical servants, knowing their hon- esty and diligence, and the royal Dr. Luzzi holds the chair of sys- family entrusts its own children to tematic theology in the Waldensian the care of Protestant governesses. Theological School, at Florence, and as a scholar, author and preacher, is Dr. Luzzi finds that one of the recognized at home and abroad as a greatest hindrances to Christian misleading figure among the Protestant sion progress in Italy is denominaforces of Italy. The present volume tionalism. Far greater results would contains his mission lectures, dehv- be attained if all the Protestant ered at Princeton Theological Semi- churches combined under some such nary, in 1912-13, augmented by con- general title as the Evangelical siderable new material. He presents Church of Italy. The Italian is acconcisely, but eloquently and with customed to the idea that the trne much picturesque detail, the histo~y church is one. "Certainly, unity in of Christianity in Italy from Its the Church of Rome· is unity of form, . beginning, in Rome, the Prolestant not unity of spirit; but he has never development and progress, the spread been in the habit of inquiring too of the Scriptures in Italy, the relig- deeply; the Church, to be true, must ious revival of 1800, and cognate be one, he thinks, and that is events of importance, up to the move- enough." ment called "Modernism," whIch aims to bring the Roman Catholic By concentrating all energies into Church back to Christ. one undenominational movement, it would be possible to have in every As to present-day conditions of the town one or two churches, tastefully Christian Church in Italy, there are ap- built, and in harmony with the arproximately 600 Protestant churches tistic ecclesiastical buildings which are and missions in Italy, exclusive of the glory and pride of Italy. the centers in which the Salvation Army is at work. There are several THE LAND OF THE PEAKS AND THE PAMPAS. medical missions, educational institutions, soup kitchens, and poor re- By Jesse Page, F.R.G.S. With map and lief agencies, and about IS religious 18 illustrations. 12mo. 359 pp. 3s 6d, papers and reviews carry the Gospel net. The Religious Tract Society, news throughout the peninsula. In London, 1913. round numbers, there are 25,000 communicants of the various Protestant This book calls attention to the religchurches, among which the Walden- ious needs of the people of South sian Church leads over all others America. Tho various evangelical combined. Are the results in pro- agencies are engaged in carrying the portion to the work done and the Gospel to "The Neglected Continent" sacrifices made? That depends, says very little has been done in comparison Dr. Luzzi, on the idea one has of to the missionary enterprises in China, results, and how one estimates them. India, Africa, or Japan. Mr. Page Italian converts, once regarded with tells the fascinating story of the Incas suspicions, even morally infectious, and of the Spanish conquest; he deand boycotted in public offices and scribes with many striking details the factories, are to-day respected and various attempts to spread the Gospel sought after, and all doors are opened through the Continent from the 16th century to the present day. One chapter is devoted to the birth of the Republics and one to the Indians of be often misjudged by Western minds. to-day. The South American peoples The Malays under British and Dutch are shown to be still in spiritual bon- rule are pictured in their true colors dage to an evil past, having inherited by a keen observer who has studied from Spanish and Portuguese rule his subj ects at close range. The priestly tyranny, ignorance, loose sketches lack literary finish and are morality and forms of religion' that not of as great interest and value as are little better than downright idola- we might wish, but they may lead us ty. The author lays much stress on to see that the Malay has not received the value of Bible distribution, for the anything like full and fair considera- Book can go to those whom the mis- tion from Europeans. sionary is unable to reach. A great spiritual revival is needed among the THE CONSTRUCTIVE QUARTERLY. Edited by people themselves to strengthen the Silas McBee. 212 pp. $2.50 a year. Christian workers already in the field, George H. Doran Co., New York. and to open doors of opportunity. All Henry Frowde, London, 1913. South Americans, cultured and ignorant, need to learn as only God can Probably the vast majority of Chrisreveal it to them "that there is a power, tians would be astonished to know the greater than politics, richer in blessing number of points on which Christians than any ritual, more available for the of various sects and creeds are in welfare of the soul than any priest, agreement. So much emphasis has strong to uphold the weak, made per- been placed on the differences that the fect in suffering, ennobling all service unity is forgotten. Silas McBee, memand purifying the very springs of the ber of the Continuation Committee of heart by the grace of a common sal- the World Missionary Conference and vation." former editor of the Churchman, has, in his new quarterly, set himself the THE STEEP ASCENT. Missionary Talks task of emphasizing the points of faith With Young Children. By Emily E. and practise in which Christians of Entwistle. 12mo. 216 pp. $1.00, net. every name-Roman, Greek and Prot- Fleming H. Revell Company, New estant-are in harmony. The result York, 1913. is interesting and broadening, if not always inspiring or convincing. The Here are some well written stories writers and the editorial Board infor young people, dealing with strik- clude Roman Catholics and Greek ing incidents in the life of the Master Catholics as well as all kinds of Proton His way up the steep ascent to estants. While many devout Christians Calvary, and of the Christian soldiers, would be unwilling to fellowship with heroes and martyrs who through the some of the writers in the Construcages have followed in His steps. The tive Quarterly, and are far from author has fine descriptive power and being convinced that they are true folpoetic phrasing, but her style seems lowers of Christ, nevertheless the somewhat better adapted Ito adults study of their positions in a fair and than to juvenile minds~ Readers open-minded way not only can awaken familiar with the scenes and incidents no fear of compromising with presented, will still be imprest by truth but should be exceedingly helpthe charm, distinction and spiritual ful in bringing about a clearer combeauty which invest these studies of prehension of the true positions taken the life of Christ and His missionary by those from whom we may differ on followers. radical points. Christianity thrives on intelligent investigation carried on APA SUKA TUAN. Malay Stories. By in the Spirit of Christ and for the John Angus. 12mo, 181 pp. 3s 6d, net. advancement of His Kingdom. Arthur H. Stockwell, London, 1913. Two numbers of the Constructive These 23 sketches of Malay life and Quarterly have now appeared-with character relate to a peculiar people articles by James Denny, Seth Low, who are little understood and may Robert E Speer and others, These

THE MiSSIONARY

articles are excellent reading for ear- VISIONS. For Missionaries and Others. nest and well instructed Christian Second Series. By H. H. Montgomery, thinkers who are willing and able to D.D. 12mo, 254 pp. Is. 6d. net. S. P. see another viewpoint and to acknowl- G., London, 1913. edge the sincerity of many who may be considered mistaken in many of These "visions" are scenes and anecdotes, many of them drawn from their views. experience and told with fictitious names. The real and the imaginary THE SORROW AND HOPE OF THE EGYPTIAN are combined to give their helpful SUDAN. By Charles R. Watson. Illus- trated. 12mo, 233 pp. $1.00. Board messages.

of Foreign Missions, United Presby- PASTOR HSI: One of China's Christians. terian Church, Philadelphia, 1913. By Geraldine G. Taylor. 12mo, 400 pp. This is the story of the work of 6d., net. Morgan and Scott, London, the American Mission in the Egyptian To publish this remarkable story Sudan, together with an account of of the converted opium smoker at the tragic history of slavery and sixpence is a great boon. It would Mahdism in Upper Egypt. The story be well to scatter it by thousands is of great interest. In an appendix among young people in all our Sun- Dr. Watson has gathered statistics, day-schools and churches.

bibliography, ethmological notes and no OUR MISSIONARY HERITAGE. By the Rev. other valuable information. It is A. Duff Watson, D.D. Booklet. pp.

prepared especially as an up-to-date 6d., net. United Free Chnrch Offices, text book. Edinburgh, 1913.

LOTUS BUDS. By Amy Wilson-Car- An excellent little missionary text michael. Illustrated. 8vo, 340 pp. book on the United Free Church of $2.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New Scotland Missions. The fields are York. taken up in order and the work at each station is briefly described and Miss Amy Wilson-Carmichael is a weighed.

remarkable missionary, and writes AROUND THE WORLD IN STUDIES AND with a woman's heart, a skilled pen STORIES OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS. By and an artist's touch. Her "Letters Charles E. Bradt, William R. King from Japan" were among the most graphic and intelligent pictures of and Herbert W. Reherd. 8vo, 488 pp. life there that have ever been printed. $.150. Missionary Press Co., Wichita, Her "Things as They Are" and Kansas, 1913.

"Overweights of Joy" have made the The Presbyterian "investigating author famous. "Lotus Buds," which committee" here present their illus- is now published in a popular edition, trated report in a volume of 488 is, like its predecessors, an unusual pages. It describes visits to Syria, book. Miss Wilson-Carmichael is India, Siam, and Laos, the Philip- particularly imprest by the needs of pines, China, Korea, and Japan. The the children of India. Her descrip- evangelistic, medical and educational tions of them, and her photographs, problems and progress in various seem to throb with life. The horrors fields are presented in a way that of child-marriage, child-widowhood, will give new insight to many into and temple slavery are pictured faith- the conditions and opportunities pre- fully and with pathos and a woman's sented in Presbyterian mission fields.

delicacy. The work of rescue stirs THE GHOSTS OF BIGOTRY. By Rev. P. C. the heart of the reader who so lives Yorke, D.D. 8vo. Text Book Pub.

in the true stories that every victory Co., San Francisco, 1913.

brings a throb of joy. The book is This is an attempt to discredit the fascinating in its interest; it awakens attacks on the Roman Catholic love for the little brown babies and Church in America and England.

makes an unusual appeal for the Only those who know the facts can rescue of the children in India. Read judge of the truth or falsity of the it. .author's contentions.

CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. ~MISSlONARY EXPLORERS AMONG AMERICAN Go~es, ~.A. 12mo, 98 pp. ~ illus- INDIANS. By Mary G. Humphreys.

tratlOns m color. 60c. Flemmg H.I…. 12mo. $1.50, net. Charles Scribner's Revell Co., New York, 1913. ~. Sons, New York, 1913. As missionary and teacher, Mr.~J 'THE ~EW AJ.IERICA. A Study in Immi- G. omes spent 17 y" ears in Borneo and, gLreamtlOuenl. CBalyl BMaarrnyes.Cla1r2kmBo.arn1e6s0 apnpd. gamed a thorough knowledge of the 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., :lea Dyacks and people of the Borean 1913. jungles. His little volume for chil- THE IMMIGRANT, AN. ASSET A~D A LIA- dren is packed with curious informa- BILITY. By Fredenc J. Haskm. llIus- . d' b .k d trated. 8vo. 251 pp. $1.25, net. tlOn conveye mans an enter- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913.

taining style. The young people of AMERICA, GOD'S MELTING POT. By Laura Borneo are not allowed to remain G. Craig. Paper, 96 pp. 25c. Fleming ~h'Ild ren very Io~g owm. g to est.ab- COHMR. ARDEeSveFlRl OCMo.O, T1H9E1R3. LANDS. By Leila hshed cnstom, whIch forces them mto A. Dimcock. Paper, 74 pp. 25 cents, marriage and family cares at an age net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913.

when they should be at school. CANADA'S GREATEST NEED. By Edgar Mr. Gomes describes the beneficent Rogers, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 365 reI. gns f the B rookes, an d f th e pp. 2s, net. S. P. G., London, 1913.

0 0 PAMPHLETS AND PAPER BOUND BOOKS coming of the missionaries in 1855, who built houses, churches and schools and won the love and esteem SOME FACTS AND MORE FACTS ABOUT of the Dyaks by living with them in PASTOR RUSSELL. By J. J. Ross. lOc. the jungle. e. e. Cook, New York. THE MOR'rIMERS. A Story. By J. A. S. ALL ABOUT ONE RUSSELL. By e. e. Cook. Batty. 12mo, 138 pp. Illustrated. So- ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- 10 cents. e. e. Cook, New York, 1913. pel in Foreign Parts, London, 1913. YEAR BOOK AND REPORT OF THE BAPTIST A story for young people, describ- CHURCH AND MISSION, AND THE CHRISing the adventures of three children TIAN ARMY OF THE GOLD COAST. Geo. who went to live in a castle in Surrey, England, and became acquainted Tucker, London, 1913. with a wandering Chinese boy, a fas- RIGHTLY DIVIDING THE WORD OF TRUTH. cinating "magician." The aim of the little book is to interest young people By e. I. Scofield. Bible House of in missionary work, especially in Los Angeles, Cal. China, and in the course of the story ADDRESS.ES ON PROPHECY. By e. I. Scothe author conveys a great deal of information concerning religious and field, D.D. Bible House of Los Ansocial conditions in that country in a geles, Cal.

A MILLION FOR MISSIONS. Presbyterian Church in the United States, Nash- ville, Tenn.

AROUND THE WORLD ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. By Henry K. Rowe. A. B. e. F. M., Boston.

SIMPLE GUIDE TO THE SPELLING AND TRANS- LITERATION OF ARABIC NAMES. By W.

manner to impress and interest boys H. T. Gardner and A. T. Upson. Nile and girls. Mission Press, Cairo.

Religious instruction and enter- REPORT OF THE NEW YORK SABBATH COMtainment are skilfully combined. MITTEE. Bible House, New York, 1913.

NEW BOOKS COOPERATION BETWEEN MISSIONARIES AND THE 1. R. M.. Edinburgh, 1913.

DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM VS. CHRISTIANITY.

HAND BOOK OF MODERN JAPAN. E. W. By A. e. Dixon, D.D. Bible Institute, Clement. New revised edition. Map Chicago, 1913. and illustrations. 436 pp. 12mo. $1.40, THE DEVIL'S RIGHTEOUSNESS. By 1. M. net. A. e. McClurg & Co, 1913. Haldeman, D.D. lOc. e. C. Cook, SURVEY OF THE MISSIONARY OCCUPATION New York. BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE. The Board of OF CHINA. Thos. Cochrane, M.B., e.M. 12mo. 372 pp. $1.00, net. Christian Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of Amer- Literature Society for China, Shang- ica. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. hai, 1913. GETTING AT THE HEART OF THE DOWNTOWN THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. By Ar- PROBLEM. A concrete illustration of thur T. Pierson. Reprinted in popu- what the church is doing. Board of lar edition. 16mo. 142 pp. Is, net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1913. Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1913

R. MOTT AND THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT SHANGHAI. CHINA

Courtesy of the Con.gregationalist This conference was held from March 11 to 14 and was the largest and most impo~tant of a series of six held in different places under the direction of John R. Mott. chairman of the Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference of Edinburgh. The picture shows Dr. Matt. Dr. Smlth. Bishops Root and Bashford and other well·known workers. An account of the conferences and revival meetings conducte<l by Dr. Mott and by Mr. Sherwood Eddy is printed in this number of the REVIEW.

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No. i JULY, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No.7 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times THE CONFERENCES IN CHINA has not been entered at all, altho five or six missions are working along JOHN R. MOTT, representing the its borders and ready to take the Edinburgh Continuation Commit-· first opportunity of pre5sing into the tee, held five sectional conferences country. A survey of the entire Chiwith the missionaries in various parts nese field is to be made and a mapof China, and, finally, March I I to ping of districts yet untouched is re- 14, conducted a national conference quested immediately. It was voted in Shanghai. Delegates came from that no mission should hereafter the churches of the whole nation, enter any occupied district without and canvassed the results' so far the fuIl consent of the forces already obtained in the evangelization of the on the ground. Chinese people and the principles upon which the further development The conference spoke with positiveof the missionary enterprise in that ness in favor of a &ingle missionary land must be prosecuted. There were church in China, eliminating all West- 120 mission representatives, two-thirds ern denominational lines. Even pendforeigners and one-third Chinese. ing actual organic union, it was ur- gently recommended that all churches It was agreed that under present should discard every distinctive name circumstances no one can say pre- and assume only the single title, The cisely how much of China remains Christian Church in China. Churches yet to be evangelized, but the prov- which already enjoy intercommunion inces of YJ,lnnan, Kwangsi and Kwei- were urged to combine at once, while chew in the extreme southwestern federation, local and provincial, was portion of the country and Kansuh in recommended where churches felt the northwest are as yet almost un- unable to surrender denominational touched. Mongolia, an especially dif- peculiarities. A hymnal for all union ficult field, has &carcely ten mission- churches and a book of prayer for aries in all its vast extent. Eastern voluntary use in public worship were Turkestan, an immense area, is occu- ordered prepared by committees appied in only three centers in the ex- pointed. It was also recommended treme west, around Kashgar. Tibet The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EoITOR.

that the Chinese be received to a men of committees, in each case treat- share in the administration of foreign ing their subjects with breadth, com- funds used for the support of their prehensiveness, sympathy and in~ight. churches; that church buildings as far as possible should be built on Among them were pastors, evanground not owned by the missions; gelists, translators, educationalists, and that Chinese congregations and editors. Many had been abroad, should be encouraged to send repre- some of whom had passed through sentatives to local and district organ- educational institutions in the West izations in which missionaries have with distinction, while others had no part. graduated from Christian colleges in China. Their presenc;e was not only The boards at home were urged to a significant indication of progress send only the most thoroughly trained and development in the Chinese and educated missionaries, men and Church, but a prophecy of the day women, already tested af. to their not far distant when they will take a ability to acquire a foreign language. prominent part in the administration No candidate should be considered of the Church and its varied activ ities. qualified for any form of mission work in China unless he is regarded I THE CHINA OF TO-DAY as capable of assured success in sim- N the newest republic of the world ilar work at home. All workers en- -the only republic of Asia-we tering China for the first time should have a strange mixture of progressive be sent out for a period of service enlightenment and of superstition. as itinerants in the field, in order that The roar of tin pans to frighten off they may become thoroughly ac- "the dragon which is devouring the quainted with Chinese conditions. moon" is mingled with the whistle of Schools for instruction of mission- the locomotive and the sound of aries in language were recommended Christian church bells. The old in Peking, Canton, Nanking, and farmer in skull-cap and long dress, Hankow. lights his brass pipe with flint and steel while he looks with wonder at CHINESE CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP a young Chinese dandy in western clothes smoking an American cigaret. THE Shanghai National Confer- ence, to which reference is made The old is passing and the new is being adopted-a mixture of evil and above, is the fourth gathering held good. But the outlook is hopeful. in Shanghai, representing the en- "Never were the missionaries so glad tire Protestant missionary body, but and hopeful as they are to-day," the first to be truly national, in writes Rev. Edward H. Smith, of that Chinese Christians took an active Inghok. "The year one (according part. There were present between to Chinese reckoning from the found- 30 and 40 Chinese men and women, ing of the republic) has been the several of whom spoke English fluent- greatest year for mission work we ly-two of them with remarkable have ever known. There is promise skill and accuracy translating every- everywhere of a great revival of thing said or done from English into learning, of patriotism, of ambition Chinese, or from Chinese into En- and hopefulness, and, deeper than all, glish. Several Chinese were chair-

OF THE

of religion. The pas5ing months have Britain, Sherwood Eddy, S. K. Tsao emphasized over and over again this of China, J. R. Isaacs of India" Baron new spirit. Within the chutches there Nicolay of Russia, Robert E. Speer breathes a new optimism, and inde- of New York, Fletcher S. Brocknldil pendence and determination to do their of China, Bishop Charles H. Brent of part of the evangelism of China. We the Philippines, President Howard S. begin to see now what we have be- Bliss of Syria and Dr. John R Mott. lieved for a long time, namely, that self-support will come, and come to Dr. Matt reported that $1,000,000 stay, when the Chinese church cOllies has been given for buildings for SlUto a consciousness of itself as a power- dent work during the past four years ful, independent entity. The self- re- since the last Conference. The numspect, the pride of race and country, ber of students for the ministry has inwill accomplish what no amount of creased by 1,500 and the work has urging and pleading and scolding grown in strength and influence, especould do. That is the impulse which cially in South America and China. is from within." Two great needs were presented to the student world in' order that they may WORLD CONFERENCE OF CHRIS· develop in power. The first is more earnest study of the Bible as the A TIAN STUDENTS foundation of spiritual strength and REMARKABLE gathering of stu- the second is an advance movement dent leaders .from all over the in India, China and Russia during world was recently in sessioll at Lake the next four years. India es~cially Mohawk, New York (June 2 to t$). needs our attention since here the Over 300 delegates and speakers came anti-Christian forces are the strongest together, representing the I56,000 and most active. students of the world identified with the World's Student Christian Asso- The World's Student Christian ciation. This was the tenth and the Federation has accomplished great largest conference of the Federation things through the blessing of God, and was remarkable alike for its per- but still greater opportunities are sonnel, the range of subjects discussed before it. "Not by might nor by an and value of the papers presented. army, but by My Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts." The student leaders, with Dr. John R. Mott as General Secretary of the UNION FOR CENTRAL INDIA movement, are an able and consecrated WORD comes of another movebody of men. The Federation was formed for the purpose of uniting ment for a union of the Christhe Christian students of the world in tian churches of Central India:. The work for their fellow students and to Jubbulpore Conference on Federation, prepare them to take their place as representing seven of the leading mis- Christian leaders of the next genera- sionary societies working in Central tion in every country of the world. and Western India, has declared in Forty lands were represented at the favor of a federation of "al1 churches recent conference and they listened to and societies that believe in God such men as President Iburka of through Jesus Christ, His only Son, Japan, Robert P. Wilder of Great our Lord and Savior, and that ac- cept the Word of God as contained

in the Scriptures of the Old and New Experience with the Filipino people Testament as the supreme rule of in the provincial centers indicates that faith and practise, and whose teach- they would gladly welcome such a ing in regard to God, sin and salva- movement. They are tired of the tion is in general agreement with the divisions that now exist among them. great body of Christian truth and Surely the tie of Christian fellowship fundamental doctrine of the Chris- is sufficiently strong among those now tian faith." It was agreed that the within the various churches, and their federation shall not interfere with the recognition of one another's true existing creed of any church or so- Christian character should be sufficiety, or with its internal order or ciently real and sincere to justify external relations, and that the ob- their endeAvoring to become one in ject of the federation shall be to at- outward church organization. Antain a more perfect manifestation of other sign of vitality is the response the unity of His disciples for which of Simon Igloria, a Filipino clergythe Redeemer prayed, by making the man, to the call to go out and minwelfare of all the churches in the ister to his 10,000 fellow countrymen federation an obj ect of vital interest in the Hawaiian Islands. and concern to all. ILIQUOR TRAFFIC IN KONGOLAND ADVANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES T is good news as reported by the Native Races and the Liquor TrafpROTESTANT Christianity among fic United Committee, that from Feb- the Filipinos is showing unmis- ruary 1st absolute prohibition of the sale of alcohol to the natives of the takable evidence of its vitality. A Kongo region has been enforced. union Christian college is planned Penalties for breaches of the law for Manila, to be under the direction have been fixt up to £400. The of seven Protestant missionary 80- ordinance was passed on November cities. A union church is also advo- 23, 1912, rendered necessary, says cated for the members of the Annual the British consul at Boma, "by the Filipino Conference of the United ravages caused by the consumption Brethren in Christ, who have recently of trade-rum and gin among the namemorialized the executive commit- tives." These liquors came principaltee of the Evangelical Union to learn ly from Germany and Belgium. The the opinion of the various Protestant London Friend says: "We wish that churches and missions in regard to "imilar stringent action could be taken forming one United Protestant Church in West Africa, where, according to in the Philippine Islands. the Board of Trade returns-in our colonies of Southern Nigeria, the The various Protestant conferences, Gold Coast, and Sierra Leone-the presbyteries, or associations are asked importation of spirits has risen in six to elect two representatives each and years (I906-19II) by over 2,000,000 the missions two representatives each. gallons, from upward of 4,700,000 The executive committee of the gallons to more than 6,800,000." Evangelical Union is asked to convene these representatives to discuss The saddest part of Mr. J. H. Hardifficulties, advantages and methods involved in forming one United ris' recent book, "Dawn in Darkest Protestant Church.

Africa," deals with the evils which entals in America, to division of ter- have been increased if not introduced ritory and adjustments between es- by contact with professedly Christian tablished missions. They also make nations. Firstly the liquor traffic. specific recommendations for inter- Over 6,500,000 gallons of spirituous denominational employment of three liquor of European manufacture traveling evangelists among the Japa- were imported into the British colo- nese, Chinese, and Hindus, these nies of Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the evangelists to be under the supervi- Gold Coast in 1911. "Drunkenness," sion of the Standing Committee and Mr. Harris says, "is admittedly on to be supported by the various de- the increase in the Gold Coast, and nominational boards engaged in work this is so obvious that three years· for Orientals.

ago the Governor sounded a warn- These plans were cordially ap- ing by saying that he recognized proved by the Home Mission Council drunkenness was becoming one of the at the annual meeting, and recom- most dangerous enemies to Christian- mended to the various boards having ity." Yet, apparently it is not that missions for Orientals in America.

it pays the merchant, for "If you The plan for a missionary among could stop the demand for intoxicat- Hindus was especially approved.

ing liquors," said one of them, "it Since 1907 over 6,000 natives of In- would pay me to give you £20,000." dia, including Hindus, Sikhs, and It is not one nation only that is to :Mohammedans, have come to Amer- blame. "Over I,OOO,OOO cases of ica and there are more than 4,000 Hamburg spirits," 5aid one official, now in the country. Only spasmodic "are retailed to the natives here by a local efforts have been made to show single firm every year." And again them the meaning of Christianity, and we read, "France to-day recognizes there is need for immediate interde- the terrible evils which follow in the nominational work for which there train of absinthe-drinking in the must be made adequate financial pro- homeland, yet she can calmly look vIsIon.

on while natives stream into the lit- A VOLUNTEER MOVEMEN~ FOR tle drink stores of French Kongo with their 25 cent pieces to purchase HOME MISSIONS nips of what I was assured by the vendor was the worst form of drink T HE appeal to the heroic, which in the whole of the African continent." has marked the work of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, has drawn many young men and young women to the COOPERATIVE WORK FOR foreign field. There has been a lack of a similar A ORIENTALS S a result of the Neglected Fields appeal and a like organization to Survey of the Home Mission draw educated young Christians to Council, the committee of American undertake the hard missionary tasks Workers for Orientals on the Pacific of the homeland. The Presbytery of Coast has prepared a careful state- Ogden, in the Synod of Utah, has ment of principles relating to co- proposed a plan which amounts to operative effort in missions for Ori- a Student Volunteer Movement for

Home Missions, asking the General zation of the cemeteries. Education Assembly to instruct the Home Mis- is to be free, and teachers' salaries are sion Board to offer to students in col- to be increased, while the condition of leges and seminaries, by special visita- the working classes is to be improved.

tion if necessary, the opportunity of The Premier's earnestness in regard signing the following declaration: to religious freedom is shown by the "Unless God in His providence cancellation of the punishment of six should otherwise direct, it is my hope months' imprisonment inflicted upon and purpose, when my preparation is a Protestant soldier because he re- completed, to spend at least three fused to kneel during a mass in Fer- years in some form of Christian mis- rall. A regUlation which will make sion service under the American i~possible the repetition of the inci- flag." dent is to be drawn up and published.

Such a challenge would certainly T THE SYNOD OF FORMOSA turn the attention of the very choicest HE Presbyterian Church of Engyoung men and women to the oppor- land commenced its work upon tunities for heroic self-sacrifice within the island of Formosa in 1865; the the bounds of their own nation. And Presbyterian Church of Canada sent their response would in turn, just as its first missionary, the great Dr. happened in foreign missions, chal- George L. Mackay, to the heathen of lenge the church at large to far more northern Formosa in 1871. The work generous giving toward the support of both churches has marvelously of a work for which such lives were prospered until the English Presbyready for consecration. terians now have 94 stations, 5 self- supporting pastorates, and 3,767 com- At Bonebrake Theological Semi- municants, while the Canadians have nary, Dayton, Ohio, an institution of 54 stations, 7 self-supporting pastorthe United Brethren Church, a band ates, and 2,097 communicants. '.chere has already been formed along the has been a Presbytery of South Forlines of a Home Mission Student mosa of the Presbyterian Church of Volunteer Movement. If this move- England since 1896. which was folment should become general among lowed a few years later by a Canadian the students of the country it might Presbyterian Presbytery of North do a great work. The following quo- Formosa. These two Presbyteries tation from Dr. Francis E. Clark has met in Chiang-hoa (Shoka) on Octobeen taken as a motto: "The more ber 24, 1912, aild formed the Presby- I see of America and the world, the terian Church of Formosa, setting lip more convinced I am that the home also the Synod of Formosa. An immissionary holds the key to the situ- portant forward step has thus betH ation."

I LIBERAL LAWS IN SPAIN taken in Formosa, and it is expected N Spain, Count Alvaro de Ro- that the Synod will at once enter manes, the new Premier, has an- upon a joint work among the 120,- nounced his program, which is strong- 000 aboriginal (Malay) mountain ly marked by liberal tendencies. He savages, whose districts have been promises complete religious freedom, recently opened up by their subjuga- obligatory civil marriage, and seculari- tion. by the Japanese.

GIRLS OF CISHSOC, OUTSIDE

'fh lS village was leveled to groun d . because of wickedness among th e people THE GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA B Y REV. FREDERIC K G. COAN, D .D., URU M IA, P ERS I A ]..{issionary of the Presbyterian Boa rd of Foreign lt:ission!; mI T sometimes .seems that were going on in the Near East, in God moves slowly in Turkey and Persia that were des- matters pertaining to tined to overthrow on the one hand the upbuilding of His the despotic rule of one of the kingdom, and men are world's most infamous, as well as tempted to say, "How most able rulers, and on the other long, 0 God, how long," as they hand to remove from the throne in see the triumph of the wicked and as Persia, in the person of Mohammed tyranny and oppression go appar- Ali Shah, one of the worst char- ently unpunished. But when God acters who has ever disgraced that does move, there is nothing more . throne. He was apparently a man startling and wonderful than the without any sense of honor, cruel, rapidity with which He is able to sensual, and proud.

overturn systems and monarchies Since we believe that God rules that are centuries old. He often in the affairs of this earth, we see works where we least expected it that the great changes that have and accomplishes that of which man taken place in Persia have a 1110st had not dreamed. important bearing on Gospel work in While the thoughts of many were that land.

directed to the great changes taking Compa re the present situation with place in the Far East, movements that of eighty years ago, when Gos-

pel work was first undertaken in Christian, had by contaci for many Persia. centuries with Islam, lost all but the name Christian. Their priests were At that time Persia was exceed- ignorant, the services in the ancient ingly difficult of access, with a long Syriac unintelligible to the common sea voyage to Trebizonde, on the people, and religion consisted mostly Black Sea, and then over 700 miles of the observance of the long fasts overland to the plains in Azerbaijan, and pilgrimages to the different over caravan tracks, with no inns, churches made sacred by the various and stables the only place where the saints in whose honor they had been traveler could, in common with the built and named. beasts of burden, find shelter. The people were most lawless, and travel- The hope was that out of a re- ing was unsafe. vived and spiritualized ancient church might be raised ·up a force that In U rumia itself, in the very north- would ultimately be ready, when the western part of Persia, lived some door opened, to carry the Gospel to 30,000 Nestorians, a small remnant its Mohammedan neighbors. of that old church that clung to , the doctrines of Nestorius, who was Schools were opened, and in time excommunicated by the Council of young men trained up for tht! min- Ephesus (43 I A.D.), for his teach- istry, the sick were treated, villages ings concerning the dual nature of visited, and by means of personal Christ. The larger portion of the contact, prejudice was being gradu- Nestorian Church existed in the ally broken down, hatred removed, rugged mountains of Kurdistan, west and our neighbors, the Mohammed- of Urumia Plain, with its patri- ans, were gradually being brought archate at Kochanes, about roo miles into contact with Christianity through from Urumia, where they still cling the lives of the missionaries and to their wild mountain homes, and converted Nestorians. in spite of massacres by the Kurds, and constant feuds among them- It was a period of seed sowing, selves, they have to this day held of preparation for the great changes their own. Aside from something that were to take place in God's own like 80,000 Armenians, Jews, and time, whenever His Church was Parsees, the rest of the popUlation ready to do its part. of Persia was Moslem. Nothing has done more to show While the object of the early mis- the follower of the false prophet the sionaries was ultimately to reach out spirit of the Gospel, and break down to the Mohammedans, it was natural his prejudices, than the work of that with an open door among the the missionary physician, and the Nestorians, who welcomed them from atmosphere and blessings of the mis- the first, and the great difficulties sion hospital. Here all classes and in the way of work among the Mos- nationalities were received, and here lems, they should devote most of through the ministry of suffering and their efforts for many of the early its relief by the skill of the West, years toward the evangelization of lessons were taught not possible any the Nestorians, who, while nominally other way. It is rare, with all honor to others, to find in any missionary

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN

field men of such ability and skill courteous treatment. Our native and Christian character as those who evangelists have gone up and down were the pioneers of this great work the land and preached in many vilin Persia, and the names of Wright, lages, and in addition to the small Grant, Cochran and Holmes will ever towns on the main lines of travel, live in the hearts of the thousands they have. gone up into many of the who learned to love and bless their out-of-the-way valleys and villages. memories. Missionaries, men as well as women, have spent years .in this line of work, The work gradually broadened, and until thousands have heard the messtrategic centers, like Teheran, the sage. Colporteurs have scattered the capital, Hamadan, and Tabriz, were Word of God in many a town and seized. Those who had been trained village, and one of them, a modern in U rumia College and Seminary Paul, has often been beaten and perwere the pioneers to start the work secuted, but has continued his work in these centers, and in a number of with new zeal and consecration, until smaller places like Salmas, Khoi, he is respected and loved everywhere. Maragha, Soujbulakh and Kerman- A small band of true believers has shah, where many of them gave been gathered together, and we bethemselves to the cause, will ever be lieve that there are many others who remembered for their saintly lives. believe, altho not daring to make a public confession of their faith. Some . But many years of patient toil and have suffered martyrdom for Christ's praying and waiting went by before sake. the great desire of our hearts was fulfilled, in being able to welcome to Political Changes our schools the Moslem as well as the Christian youth. We must glance for a moment at some of the great changes that have Especially in Urumia, the first taken place politically in Persia, in place occupied, was the waiting long, their bearing on God's work. In and aside from a few irregular pu- 1890, when Nasiru'd-Din Shah pils, it is only about fifteen years, granted the famous Tobacco Concesfirst in Tabriz and later in Uramia, sion to a British corporation, the since the boys, and then the girls, movement for political liberty was came to us. We rejoice now in an started. The Persians then began to attendance of about 200 Moslem pu- wake up to the fact that their King, pils. for his own selfish [..,leasure, had bar- tered away their rights, and that for The Situation To-day a small sum, and to a foreign power. The world was surprized when a Aside from the attendance of the nation could in a day swear off Moslem pupils in our schools, oppor- smoking, put away all their pipes, tunity is afforded to-day, all over Persia to go and preach the Gospel a and close all their tobacco shops, and to Mohammedans, and if wisely, tactfully, and lovingly done, it need not by putting stop to the use of toarouse opposition. In all the tours bacco, force the King to rescind the made among Moslems, I have never concession at a great loss to himself yet met with a rebuff, or had any- and the Persian Government, for the thing but good attention and most

British corporation took an indemnity earnest of what they are able to of $500,000, borrowed by the Per- do, if only unhampered by foreign sians at six per cent. They were intrigue, and sympatheticalIy helped. thus forced to pay annually a sum of $30,000, for something for which Among the great changes that have they had received no return. taken place, a striking fact, and one of great significance, has been the Stirred up by Japan's victory over valuable services rendered by the the great power of the north, and the very class usualIy opposed to change great achievement of the Turks in and relorm, the ecclesiastics. Great gaining a constitutional government, has been the service rendered the and wearied with the tyrannies of cause by the great mujtaheid<;, who. their rulers, which had been growing by means of telegrams and letters, worse as the years went along, an and their speeches, ever encouraged agitation was started for a constitu- the Persian people in the great strugtional government, and wrung from gle for freedom; this, too, in spite the dying King Muzaffaru'd-Din of the fact that a constitutional gov- Shah shortly before his death, Janu- ernment would curtail their power ary 4, 1907. and lessen their influence. To-day, newspapers have sprung up every- But the end was not to be won where, and public affairs are discust without much bloodshed and great and criticized, as was impossible besacrifice, and in the struggle one of fore. Some of these papers are acour Americans has the honor to have complishing a great deal by means laid down his life to help the poor of cartoons, where those who can Persians achieve their liberty. not read are able, by means of the pictures, to understand. In these car- It is not my purpose here to trace toons, jests are levied against timeall the struggle that lasted from 1905 honored customs, and many religious to 1909, the invitation on the part ideas, as well as religious leaders, are of the Persians to have the Ameri- held up to ridicule. can Government help in the readjustment of its finances, and the Most marvelous of all has been the dispatch of W. Morgan Shuster, or part played by woman in all the his eight months struggle against the great changes that have taken place. opposition of the Russian Govern- Mr. Shuster, in his interesting book, ment, and the indifference of Great "The Strangling of Persia," says, Britain, until he was compelled, in "The Persian women, since 1907, had the interests of peace, to withdraw. become, almost at a bound, the most The occupation of northern Persia progressive, not to say radical, in the by Russian troops has followed. Suf- world. That this statement upsets fice it to say that whether successful, the ideas of centuries makes no difas judged by the outer world, or not, ference; it is the fact." a great change has taken place, and the very fact that the Persians We must remember that the women wanted a change, and were able, at in Persia, as well as in all heathen the great sacrifices made, to obtain countries, have suffered most, and it, has been a most encouraging hence, hailed with eagerness and parevelation of their character, and an thetic interest anything that would

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA 49

bring them greater liberty. It was Now, what are some of the diffithis that enabled them to break culties in the way of reaching the through the most sacred and rigid Persian Mohammedans with the Goscustoms, customs that had bound pel of Christ? them for centuries, and to assert themselves and encourage the men Of course, the first and greatest in the great struggle that was going difficulty is that presented in the reon. It was 300 women, clad in the ligion itself. conventional dark robe and white veil, who went to the Medjlis, Parlia- It is impossible for one who has ment, demanding adm;ttance. VVhen not lived for many years in a Mo- hammedan country to realize what a terrible effect and influence a re- OPPONENTS-TURKISH MOSLEMS AT PRAYER ON THE PERSIAN BORDER face to face with the President, they ligion such as Islam, held and praclaid aside their veils and showed their tised for centuries, has had on its concealed weapons, saying that they millions of followers. Proclaiming would kill their own husbands and and commanding the worship of one sons, and leave behind their own God, and attributing to Him justice dead bodies, if the Medjlis wavered and mercy. it has given a false conin its duty to uphold the liberty and ception of God Himself. Denying with dignity of the Persian people and horror and intense feeling the sonship nation. of Christ, it has robbed the world of its Redeemer, and made him simply It is the women who have opened one of the prophets. It has given a schools, and Moslem girls are crowd- wrong conception of sin, and God's ing into our schools as never before, relation to it. Sin is recognized and in their eagerness to learn and take admitted, but with no idea as to what part in the affairs of the home and it is. It calls for retribution, but nation.

not reform. Repentance is simply mercy of God, knowing that He is regret, not for the sin itself, but the too merciful to punish me for a thing punishment for it, so that a Moham- I wish to do, when I admit that I medan who has suffered in hell for have broken His commandment." his sins can be admitted to God's presence, not that his character has God is not bound by the moral changed, but because he has suffered. laws that bind man, and a thing Prayer is simply the performance of becomes wrong only by His fiat. A duty; it is not communion with God. Mohammedan writer, after praising The month of Ramazan commands the provision that allows a man to a rigid fast, but as day is turned have four wives, gives this liberty as into night, the time of eating alone a proof of the divine origin of Isis changed. One may imagine what lam, for, "as God knows the natural hardships this brings to the poor, tendencies of man, such permissi::m who are dependent on their daily exalts His mercy and compassion." labor for bread, as well as the de- Now, this is the system that the rangement to the whole· system and Gospel of Christ has to meet. The digestive organs, where all the laws Sermon on the Mount is diametricof nature are defied, and excess of ally opposed to everything in Islam. every kind is indulged in more than Cbrist called for self-denial and the at any other time. taking up of the Cross, the cruci- fixion of self, and all its evil desires. The giving of alms is commanded, Cbrist offered, in this life, hardship, but only to Moslems; thus is ha- shame, hunger and thirst, and persetred toward all who are not Moslems cution and death, and held out in the kept alive. future world nothing of a physical nature, but such holiness and sinless- Everything done in the line of ness as are alone compatible with the worship or good work has as its ob- nature of God. ject the accumulation of merit, and is thus robbed of all disinterested- Another difficulty in the way of n·es;' and unselfishness and love. work for Mohammedans is the wrong ideas that have been imbibed from What is the moral effect of all centuries of contact with a false Christhis? It is to divorce religion from tianity. It is a sad fact, and one that moral conduct. Everything contrary should make us hang our heads with to God's commands is condoned by shame, that in God's providence, Mothe expression, "God is merciful." hammedanism has from the first been A good example is that of a Moslem the neighbor of Christianity. Had who was expostulated with when the church been true to the teachdrinking wine, as violating the ings .and life of Christ, Mohammed commands of the Koran. His reply would never have risen or succeeded, was as follows: "If I say that and to-day we must accept its existit is right to drink this wine, I deny ence as retribution for the failure on God's command, and He would pun- the part of His people to show the ish me in hell for blasphemy. But true spirit of Christianity. Anyone when I admit that God has com: traveling in the east, and coming in manded me not to drink, and that I contact with the Greek Orthodox,' sin in doing so, I cast myself all the

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA

Roman Catholic, and many other way of the work in Persia is the sad Oriental churches, with all of their existence of denominationalism and abuses and forms of idolatry, must rivalry among some of the Christian realize what a terribly wrong con- churches, who should unite in the ception they have given of the Gospel preaching of Christ. In one small of Christ. town, and in the surrounding plain, where for over 50 years the only When Mohammedans see Christians missions that existed were those of lying, dishonest, immoral, drunken, the Presbyterian Church and the Roand revengeful, as ready to take life man Catholic, there have come in toas are their wild Kurds, what must be RETURN FROM A MISSIONARY TOUR, TEHERAN~ PERSIA the effect? Intensely opposed to all day several bodies of Baptists, against forms of idolatry, one of them was all the rules of Christian comity. invited into a Christian church, and One of their workers has openly when he saw the people falling in promised not .to teach the 'Gospel or adoration before a picture of Mary, religion in his schools, and yet calls he fled with horror. himself a missionary. Other denomi- nations also occasionally enter where One of the hardest tasks we have they are not needed. had all these years in Persia has been to undo this terrible influence, It is not the evils of Islam, great remove this false conception, and as they may seem, the opposition of show what a true Christian is. That the government, or dangers from evil can only be done by the life, and it men, that the missionary fears and takes years to teach the difference. dreads, but the demoralizing and dis- heartening effect of these rival mis- StilI another great difficulty in the

sions among the N estorians. They hindrances they have put in the demoralize their representatives by way of His servants, the missionaffording a salary for the minimum aries, and the offense they have given of work, and are not accountable to to the very ones they have pretended any responsible body. Moreover they to evangelize. are demoralizing to the people themselves, who are imprest with the Had the field not been divided by ease with which one of these 50- rival sects and progress retarded by called missionaries, whether Nestor- wrong methods, to-day there would ian or American, can enlist the sym- have been a self-supporting church, pathy and support of some church self-respecting people, and far greater in America. Lastly, these independent progress would have been made tomissions put a stumbling-block in the ward the evangelization of the great way of the Mohammedans who see mass of Mohammedans all about us. the Church of Christ divided. May we not hope that the church at home may yet awake and realize the It is a waste of precious money, great mistake of stich work. energy, and effort, for there are plenty who have not heard the Gos- We must believe that a better day pel, and Persia is a wide country, is going to dawn on poor Persia and but, alas, those who are there for that God has been moving in the the love of ease and personal com- great changes that have taken place. fort are not willing to go into new And let us hope that this portion of fields and do pioneer work. the great Islamic world, more ac- cessible than most others, may yet God alone knows what an answer be won to Christ, and send out from some of His foolish children have its ranks those who shall reach Mosto render that last day for the lems in other surrounding fields.

EXCUSED FROM GIVING TO MISSIONS You may be excused from giving to if you believe That the world needs no Savior and, therefore, does not need Jesus Christ and His gift of Eternal Life. That Jesus was mistaken in the Great Commission in which He directed His disciples to "Go-preach . . . to every creature." That the Gospel is not the power of God unto Salvation to everyone that be- lieveth. That you owe nothing to Christianity and that heathenism is as good as Chris- tianity, or better. That a good rule is "everyone for himself, and the devil take the hindermost." That we who have larger privileges are not "our brother's keeper." That there is no truth in the Universal Fatherhood and love of God, or in the brotherhood of man. That the cruelties of war and slavery, of witchcraft, child-marriage, and the abominations of heathenism are none of our business. That there is no need for us to work and pray that the Kingdom of God may be . established in the hearts of all men. That there is no such thing as Christian stewardship or personal responsibility to God. Are you willing to take your stand on this platform by asking to be excused from helping toward missionary work?

NILE M1SSION BOAT UIBISU AT

Built originally for Sa'id Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt. Later bough~ by the .Amencan Mission. Rebought and remodeled by H . H . the Maharajah Dhuhp Singh and presell1ted by him to the Mission in 1874. Used for reaching the Ni.e villages with the Gospel, AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT THE YOUNGEST NATION TO THE OLDEST BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D. President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor [!TJ.HAT visions of hoary youth, eager to learn, aspiring to be ant i qui t y the word a noble Christian man, is better than a dead Pharoah. Such youth are . "Egypt" conjures up! gathered by the hundred in the many schools-elementary, secondary, and . The p y ram ids, the of collegiate rank which this great mission has established all up and Sphinx, old Seti I, the down the Nile. Yet I am told that not one American visitor to Egypt . Pharoah of the oppres- in ten, perhaps, not one in a hundred, ever VISits this miSSIOn and its sion, lying in his musty cerements schools. Every American who has been to Egypt would be ashamed to in the museum at Boulak, with none return home and acknowledge that he had not seen the Pyramid of Gizeh so poor to do him reverence. We or looked into the disfigured face of the Sphinx. He would not go up think of Thebes and Luxor, with to the Second Cataract, and confess that he had never seen the marbles their mighty monuments that stretch of Luxor; but he will return to Amer- ica and never be ashamed to say back to the dawn of recorded time.

But to-day there is something even better worth studying in the land of the Pharoahs, and that is the en- nobling, uplifting work which our American missionaries of the United Presbyterian Church are doing for the youth of Egypt.

If a living dog is better than a dead lion, surely a live Egyptian

THE NEW AMERICAN MISSION BUILDINGS AT ASSIUT that he saw nothing of the fine Amer- while neither Cook nor Clark nor ican college at Assiut, or the impor- any of the tourist agencies make a tant schools at Assuan. specialty of missions. However, if Shepherd's Hotel, one of the most they will believe me, they would noted caravansaries in all the world, . see a phase of Egyptian life quite as is almost directly across the street well worth seeing as a few more from the great American Mission mummies or mosques, if they would building, with its two large audience break away from their chattering rooms, its services in Arabic, Eng- guides for a few hours, and see the lish, Turkish, Armenian, and Italian, new American College for Girls or its large boys' school, its two Chris- some of the many primary mission tion Endeavor meetings, and its abun- schools for boys and girls with which dant evangelistic work. Yet hun- Cairo is dotted.

dreds of Americans stop at this hotel The mission of the United Presby- every season, many of them Chris- terian Church of Egypt is unique in tian men and women, and compara- having a whole nation for its field, tively few of them go across the with few other missions in its terri- street to the Mission building, tho tory, and these (it may be said not its services are advertised in Shep- unkindly) of by no means equal im- herd's and all the other hotels. portance, tho the Church Missionary One excuse which such tourists Society of England is doing a good often make, which has a certain work in some parts of Egypt. The amount of validity, is that they are United Presbyterian Church has done with a party, and are 'hurried by wisely in so largely concentrating its their guides from place to place, men and money in this hopeful and

AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT

A THIRD CLASS WARD IN THE MISSION HOSPITAl., ASSI U T, EGYPT fruitful field, and occupying it so it was given to the Mission by the thoroughly from the Delta to the then reigning Khedive, in exchange upper waters of the White Nile. for the building then owned by the Mission, which the Khedive coveted Almost sixty years ago the Mission for one of his own relatives. His began its work in Cairo, the metrop- Majesty (is that the proper title?) olis of Islam, a great city of nearly gave the missionaries several thoua million inhabitants. Here are now sand pounds to boot, and the site six preaching stations, where crowded on which they have built their great services are held every Lord's Day, central premises proved to be an day-schools and boarding-schools for excellent bargain and has constantly boys and girls, an orphanage and a increased in value during all these theological seminary, besides the years. Girls' College before alluded to. No wonder that the score of American The mother of the Mission is Mrs. missionaries in Cairo are kept busy Harvey, whose honored husband, a from morning till night with their pioneer in Egypt, died a few years abundant educational and evangelistic ago; and ·to hear her reminiscences of duties. How so few can accomplish her life here is an education in itself. so much is the only wonder. As she recalls the long journeys up the Nile, which used to take days The Mission is particularly fortu- and weeks (the same. journey which nate in its great central building in can be done on the swift English the very heart of Cairo. The property trains in a few hours); as she tells is said to be worth now nearly a mil- us of the poor Egyptian Christian lion dollars, but was obtained almost woman, who wanted to dedicate her three score years ago for a "ery week-old baby to the Lord's service, modest sum. If I remember aright,

and so placed him on the contribu- Another important center of this tion plate as it was passed on Sun- Mission is at Assiut, two hundred and day; as she remembers, with a merry fifty miles up the Nile. Here is a twinkle in her eye, the rich American great college for men, with hundreds lady who spent a winter at Shepherd's of students, and as fine a body of Hotel, where she had to pay six or young men, judged by their intellieight dollars a day, and who visited gence and earnestness of purpose, as her several times, expressing a great I ever had the privilege of addressing. interest in missions, who said as What a contrast does such a college she was leaving for the last time, offer to the sights which the tourist "I do want to do something for the usually sees as he journeys up the great cause," and prest a silver quar- Nile either by rail or river? He ter into Mrs. Harvey's hand; as the sees beautiful palms, to be sure, shadmissionary of many years' experience owed in the river or the placid carecalls these and many another inci- nals. He sees the verdant fields dent, we realize something of the which have been cultivated for five humor as well as the pathos of mis- thousand years and yet are as rich sionary life. and fertile as ever, thanks to the be- nignant Nile. He gets an occasional Other veterans who are stilI doing glimpse of a pyramid, large or small, valiant service in Cairo are Dr. and or of a ruin that was a ruin two mil- Mrs. Watson, and Dr. and Mrs. Gif- lenniums ago. He sees some signs fen, while Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of the recent prosperity which good tho she has been on the field as long British government and American as almost any of the missionaries, tourists have brought to Egypt. has lost none of her enthusiasm, and is as untiring in her evangelistic But when the traveler looks at the zeal as ever. Who can measure the common people, he sees little imaggregate work of forty years of provement over their condition in the such a life, the hearts comforted, the time of the Pharoahs. The majority ideals exalted, the souls saved! Many of the people are still dirty and half younger missionaries in Cairo and naked. They still live in mud huts, elsewhere in Egypt are worthy suc- with no windows and no chimneys, cessors of the pioneers who have and with doors so low that a donkey made the Mission a synonym for can enter more easily than a man. effective Christian work throughout Scores of villages of such houses he the world. sees, mere square boxes built of dried mud, which would dissolve in The Girls' College of Cairo, tho an hour if a heavy shower ever visonly three years old, is already over- ited that part of Egypt. crowded, and gives promise of taking its place among the best of higher Thus the traveler journeys up the educational schools, while at the same great river until Assiut is reached. time it gives no signs of yielding to Then what a new sight breaks upon the temptation to which some girls' his eyes, wearied with the drab moschools both at home and abroad notony of the mud villages. Look! have yielded, of subordinating the Thete is a fine American College, spiritual to the intellectual. visible for a long distance as the

SYNOD OF THE NILE-MARCH~

CLASS, 1909, GIRLS' BOARDING SCHOOL, NOW CAIRO GIRLS'

The Late Miss Ella O. Ky le, the Principal, Seated in the Center

AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT

train approaches the city, its six or of the rich contrast strangely with eight white stone buildings glistening the mud hovels of the poor, but we in the tropical sun. feel that the only influence that can really transform the hovel is found We soon enter the admirably ap- in the college, the church, the great pointed college grounds. It seems girls' school, and the mission hospilike a little earthly paradise after tal of Assiut, for in these the Spirit the long ride with the fine dust of of Christ reigns. the Desert of Sahara sifting in at every crack. Here are flower beds America has sent many bad things THE ASSIUT PRESBYTERIAN CHl)f,.CH CARED FOR BY AN EGyPTIAN PASTOR full of glorious bloom, lawn-tennis to the Orient, the saloon, the godless courts and a football field crowded traveler, the merchant intent only with athletic young Egyptians, for it on the almighty dollar, but we feel is the recreation hour when we ar- that she has done much to redeem rive. Here are commodious recita- her credit and to turn the balance tion halls, laboratories, and teachers' to the other side by establishing such residences (the students' dormitories institutions as those I have described are some distance away in the city), at Cairo and Assiut, and for these and above all there is the spirit of institutions credit is alone due, under Christian enterprise, of true gentle- God, to the American missionary. manliness, of clean sport and earnest studiousness. The college is a direct feeder of the mission. Most of its graduates As we go into the city the palaces have gone into the ministry or into

distinctive religious work, special re- the good work which the nearly one vivals are frequently enjoyed, when hundred and fifty Americans conmany of the students confess Christ, nected with this mission are doing and scarcely does a young man grad- in the Master's name all up and uate without becoming an avowed down the Nile. A strategic position and active Christian. This, it seems in Alexandria, Egypt's great seato me, is the great function of a mis- port, is occupied by Dr. Finney and sionary college. Should I go far his co-laborers, and again as in Cairo wrong if I say that such training in the very heart of the city we find should be the great obj ect of every a splendid missionary plant, every Christian college? Alas! that so inch of which is utilized. In Cairo, many colleges, founded in faith and Alexandria, Assiut and many other prayer and with the sacrificial gifts places are Christian Endeavor soof devout Christians, have so far cieties, scores of them in all, for the wandered from their early purpose society has been used as one of the and highest aim! chief evangelical features of' the Mission. The true design of a Christian college has rarely been better stated than I might enlarge upon the two hunin the opening paragraph of the dred preaching places, the. twelve Assiut College Year-Book for 1912: thousand native converts, the seven- "Assiut Training College was .estab- teen thousand boarding and daylished and is conducted as an evan- scholars, the more than fifty thousand gelical Christian institution. The open patients in hospitals and clinics. Scriptures and the frank and free in- whose bodies every year are helped vestigation of the credentials of the if not healed. But figures mean lit- Christian faith, and its results in the tle unless interpreted by sympathetic individual or nation, are the prime hearts, and all can be summed up in factors in the life of a college. The the thought that as the Nile overaim is to cultivate that upright, re- flows its banks every year, and brings fined, influential Christian manhood, food' and life to all the millions of and the formation of that personal Egypt, so this overflow from the character, which will most uplift man- Christian resources of America is kind, spiritually, morally, i1.1tellectual- bringing the Bread of Life to thouly, physically, socially, politically, eco- sands who will distribute it to other nomically." thousands, until, please God, the spir- itually-hungry millions of this ancient, We have not space to tell more of histori~ land are also fed. the important Nile Mission Press or of SUPERNATURAL-FROM BENEATH "You can not explain the wickedness of the world as merely human. It is human, plus something; and that is why non-Chrh1.ian religions are successful. They are supernaturalfrom beneath.H This, indeed, is a true saying, Elimin'ate Satan from the non-Christian religions ano they would be so powerless that we should have nothing to fe-ar from them. It is the satanic presence and power in them which makes them grip and hold the hearts of men. and which makes them almost invincible. "We wrestle not a'gainst flesh and blood-but against principalities, against powers." JIence, there is but one religion can conquer; it is that one which is s.upernatural-from above. And this religion is the Gospel which has been committed unto us, and which God has commanded to be preached to the ends of the carth.-REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O.

OF THE CHINESE AMERICANS OF THE PACIFIC

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA BY REV. GEO. W. HINMAN mT HE report that Sun Vat in Honolulu, gives to mission work Sen, first provisional for Orientals in America a new dignity president of the new- and significance. ly-formed Republic of China, dated his first No class of immigrants to our impulses to a life of shores exert so profound an influence Christian altruism f~om the days when back upon their native lands as do the he studied in a mission night school Orientals. The sharp contrast be- tween their native customs and Ameri-

can life makes them seem incapable of of the Japanese are in the Pacific and assimilation, a hopelessly alien element mountain States. San Francisco has in the midst of our communities. But 10,000 Chinese and nearly as many the extent to which their standards of Japanese. Los Angeles and Seattle living and their social and religious have very large Japanese populations, ideals are modified by contact with a and Portland, Oregon, a large Chinese Christian environment can only be popUlation. But New York has nearly understood by those who have seen the as many, about 4,600, and Boston, home life of these people in the back Philadelphia, Chicago and St. Louis country villages of China and Japan have Orientals in sufficient numbers from which they have come. When to make the problem of their evanthe Oriental communities in America gelization a vital one to the churches. seem least responsive .to the influences of our civilization, the fault is. usually Besides Chinese and Japanese, there ours more than theirs, for we segre- are in America some 500 'Koreans, gate them in the worst districts of our mostly Christians, 500 Filipinos, and cities, we exploit their peculiarities 3,500 Hindus. and especially their vices for the amusement of tourists, we deny them The Chinese in America are not generous opportunities of develop- truly representative of the whole counment, and then find fault with them try, but come from a small section of because they are backward. Southeast China, between Canton City and Hongkong. They all speak the In spite of the bitterness of feeling Cantonese language, and only those shown toward Orientals, on the Pacific American missionaries who have been Coast especially, it yet remains true stationed in the Canton province are that a profound and uplifting impres- able to assist materially in the work sion has been made, not simply on the for Chinese in America. It is difficult few who have come here, but on the to realize how restricted is the terrimillions of their countrymen. With- tory from which they come, and yet out ill the slightest degree belittling the in spite of this, the returned Chines~ work of American missionaries in immigrants have very strongly affected China and Japan, we may safely as- the religions thinking and the political sert that some of the best missionary and economic development of their nawork done in the Orient has been done tive province, and in turn Canton through the changed ideals of returned province has been a leader in the Oriental emigrants. movements which have made possible the new Republic of China. Altogether about 450,000 Orientals have come to America since r850, of Japanese immigrants have also to a whom less than r50,000 remain in this considerable extent come from a single country. The present Chinese popu- region in the Southwest coast provlation is only one-fifth of the total ar- inces where economic conditions were rivals from China. Japanese came to particularly hard. America in very large numbers between 1900 and J908, but since then Since Asiatic emigrants come to this have been decreasing. About 75 per country almost exc1n"ively for ecocent. of the Chinese and 95 per cent. nomic reasons, hoping in a few years to secure financial indevendence and return to their native land, they are

WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA 50

not especially responsive to religious in these night schooJs thought only of appeals. Unlike the early pilg rims to the financial advantage, but few were New England, they do not come seek- able to avoid the definite religious iming liberty to worship God, but liberty pression produced by the personality to make money. But they find them- and the teaching of the missionary. selves seriously handicapped by their Thousands have gone back to their ignorance of the English language, and own countries to testify for Christianmission work is usually begun with the ity with a power that few American night school, which offers to adult Ori- missionaries can exercise. From these MISSION DAY SCHOOL FOR CHINESE CH ILDR EN, SAN FRANCISCO entals an opportunity to increase their night schools have come many who earning capacity by learning to com- gave themselves to the work of the municate with Americans. In hun- ministry, many who undertook addreds of Eastern churches Sunday- vanced studies to prepare themselves schools for teaching English to Chi- for positions of great usefulness in nese have been carried on for many China and Japan. years, but where larger numbers of the Orientals are gathered together, as in Among many instances might be the Coast cities, night schools have mentioned Rev. H. Kehara, converted been held, in which one or two paid in a Methodist mission in California, missionary teachers with volunteer did splendid pioneer foreign missionhelpers give instruction every night. ary service in organizing Japanese mis- Very many of those who have studied sions in Hawaii and Korea. Another product of California Japanese mis-

sions, Mr. Sho Nemoto, has been the number of women were imported for leader of temperance reform in the immoral purposes. The traffic in slave Japanese Parliament, and has secured girls among the Chinese has been al- the passage of a bill against the use of most completely stopt, and few Jap- tobacco by minors. Among the Chi- anese women are admitted except nese there are still large numbers who those who are the wives or promised have become leaders of their people in wives of Japanese residents. Mission- America and in China through the in- ary work for the women of the Ori- spiration and uplift which have come ental races has proved a very effective to them through Christian missions. and useful method. For many years Rev. Ng Poon Chew was educated in heroic work was done in the rescue the Presbyterian Mission of San Fran- of Chinese slave girls by the Presby- cisco, finally graduated from the theo- terian missionary, Miss Donaldina logical seminary, and was ordained as Cameron, and there are now rescue a minister. He is now serving as homes for Chinese girls in San Franeditor of the leading Chinese daily cisco, maintained by the women's mis~ paper of San Francisco, and is in great sionary boards of the Presbyterian and demand as a lecturer on the New the Methodist churches. There are China. Dr. Fong Fou Sec, a gradu- also homes for Japanese girls in Seattle ate of Columbia University, is now and elsewhere. Many are received preparing the text books of reform into these homes who have not fallen movements in China which are being into immoral lives, but who are espe- issued by the hundred thousand from cially exposed to such a danger.

the Commercial Press in Shanghai. Often the young girls who have been Twenty-five years ago he entered a trained in these homes become the mission school in CaHfornia to begin wives of Christian Chinese and Japan- the study of English. ese, and carryon in their own homes In the days when the Oriental popu- and in the training of their children lation was almost exclusively adult the Christian culture which they have ma.l.es, the night school was almost the received.

only means of approach and religious Many missionary visitors attempt to influence. In rec~nt years, however, bring comfort and help as well -as the number of Chinese and Japanese Christian instruction to the Chinese women in America has very largely and Japanese wives and mothers who increased. It is still small in compari- have so much less contact than their son with the number of men, the pro- husbands with the civilizing influences portions for the whole country being of American life. The citadel of su- one Chinese woman to every fourteen perstition and idolatry is often found Chinese men, and one Japanese wo- in the home. The family shrine is kept man to every seven Japanese men. In up and daily worship performed before the Eastern States the proportion of it by the women of the family. Few of women is much smaller, but in the the women have the opportunity to large Oriental centers on the Pacific learn English, and it is particularly Coast family life is coming to be more difficult to reach them except by the common. In the early years of Ori- universal language of kindness: When, ental immigration a very considerable however, they have learned the &pirit

WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

of the missionary, they are more ready the most rewarding of all our work. to accept her teaching about a God of In a few cases day schools are mainlove. tained by the different missions for the education of Chinese and Japanese The Orientals are regarded as the children, but more commonly the chilmost un-American of all the immi- dren attend the public schools, either grants who have poured into our coun- special Oriental schools or along with try. It is taken for granted that the American children, and come to the Chinese are all aliens, and it will be a AN IN.TERDENOMTNATTONAL JAPANESE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, SAN FRANCISCO surprise to many to learn that one out mission for supplementary instruction of every five Chinese in this country after the close of' the public school. is a native-born American. The Jap- Such supplementary instruction is anese are later arrivals, and the pro- often given in the native language of portion of American-born among them the children, teaching them to read and is very much smaller. But much more write the Oriental languages and to commonly than among the Chinese, the memorize Scripture verses and hymns. Japanese immigrants bring or send for While a very considerable proportion their wives and raise families of chil- of the adult Chinese and Japanese dren. population are indifferent to religious appeals or inaccessible to missionaries, The missionary agencies of . the there is no good reason why every churches are now giving a great deal Chinese and Japanese child should not of attention to the work for Chinese be enrolled in a mission school and and Japanese children-in some ways

receive the most careful instruction.' Confucius. But most of the Chine~e Few Oriental parents make any objec- religious worship in America is simply tion to the attendance of their children, a survival of old superstition. The pre- and the impression produced upon the vailing forms of worship are Buddhist children and indirectly upon their pa- and Taoist. Much of the religious rents by sllch schools is very great. feeling and ceremony center about the The results of mission work for reverence for ancestors and the fear Orientals are not to be completely of those spirits which inhabit the fam- realized by a casual inspection of the ily shrine and note the actions of the mission schools. The tide of Oriental household. Good luck characters on emigration is rapidly flowing back to bright red paper are posted conspicu- the countries of Asia. The stream of ously on the door-posts of Chinese pupils coming into the missions for a houses. In I 906, 62 Chinese temples month or a year of study is very great. or joss-houses were reported in Amer- It is impossible to keep track of them. ica-32 in California and IS in New But it is unmistakable that they carry Yark. These temples represent no dis- back very definite impressions to the tinct ecclesiastical organization, have home viI1ages in China and Japan. 110 priests, no missionaries, no relief Few may attain to the highest stand- agencies and no register of members.

ards of Christian civilization, but they No sermon is preached, no sacred day rise so far above the narrow supersti- is kept, and no religious instruction tion of their home villages that they given. They are simply shrines to par- seem to their own people completely ticular gods, where images of Buddha Americanized. Missionaries from the or other deities are set up behind gaily Canton province tell of many whole decorated screeris and worshipers come viIlages transformed by the new spirit to consult the gods as to their fortune of an emigrant returned from Amer- in proposed undertakings.

ica. The children of the emigrants, The Japanese, however, are much however, those who are growing up more active in their religious life and with little knowledge of the land of propaganda. Japanese Buddhists have their ancestors, will be in a very la.rge missionary agencies in many coun- measure true Americans if we provide tries. There are said to be IO mis- them adequate religious instruction sionary districts in the United States and after that receive them with some with headquarters at Kyoto, Japan.

real sincerity into the brotherhood of In 1906 nearly $4,000 were sent from American life. Japan for missionary work in Amer- A very significant phase of religious ica. Thirteen Buddhist temples were work for Orientals in America is that reported in California, with I9 min- done by representatives of their old isters. These temples often closely re- faiths. Some of the Chinese students semble Christian churches, and their in America have sought to strengthen activities embrace the usual round of the authority of Confucianism among institutional work in the Y. M. C. A.

the masses of the Chinese in America. The Buddhist temples maintain regu- Religious services have been held in lar preachers, with services on the Sab- the Chinese theaters and addresses bath, and teach the children in Sunday- given, preaching the moral system of schools and mission day schools.

WORK FOR ORIENTALS lN

Tlhee Buddhist magazines are pub- ever of the significance of Christianity.

lished in America. A very few Amer- The American Bible Society has for icans have joined the Japanese Bud- a few months employed an agent to dhist temples, but most 'of the mission- distribute Bibles among them and hold ary work of the Japanese Buddhists is such services as he could. Rev. C. R.

for their own people, and is undoubt- Hager has maintained a Sunday- edly sincere. Buddhism in Japan bas school for them at Claremont, Cal., but been very largely influenced by Chris- scarcely anything else has been done tianity, and the religion taught in these for them. The Standing Committee temples is a dilution of Christian ethics of American Workers for Orientals, with Buddhist philosophy. Organiza- representing the various missionary tions similar to the Y. 11. C. A. and boards in federated work for Orien- the Y. V. C. A. have been forme<1by tals, bas j list commissioned an edu- Japanese Buddhists. There are in cated and consecrated Christian Hindu America 12 organizations of the Young to take up WOl'k among his own peo- Men's Buddhist Association, and 10 ple on the coast. H is support is to be organizations of the Yonng Women's provided for by several missionary Buddhist Association. boards cooperating, and it is hoped that H indus in America have been almost the reports of his war k to the various absolutely neglected by their co-re- mission boards will stir up the Chris- ligionists in India as well as by the tian church to an adequate provision Christian churches of the coast. The for this neglected people.

masses of the Hindus are Sikhs, tho Following is a summary of organ- a few are Mohammedans. They main- ized work for Orientals, as nearly com- tain the traditions of caste, and some- plete as it has been possible to make times burn the bodies of dead com- it: rades, scattering the ashes on the Boston has 12 Christian schools for rivers, as they did beside the Ganges. Chinese, three of them carrying on In San Francisco there is a large, fine regular work in Chinatown with resi- Hindu temple, but it was not erected dent American or Chinese workers.

for religious instruction to the peo- One is maintained by the American ple of India who come to these shores. Sunday-school Union and one is a Instead, it is the home of sleek and Chinese Y. M. C. A. home. Through- specious Hindu philosophers who seek out New England there are 42 Sun- to persuade Americans that India has day-schools and one independent mis- a better religion. sion for Chinese. Most of them are Since 1907 large numbers of Hindus connected with a Chinese Sunday have come to the Pacific Coast, but school union.

not one in a hundred at them has heard Philadelphia has a Chinese Baptist an intimation that this is a Christian church with a Chinese pastor. It has country. Almost absolutely untouched 30 members with 45 pupils in the Sun- by the religious forces of the country, day-schools and one independent mis- they have wandered from British Co- 5 other active Chinese Sunday-schools lumbia to Mexico, exploited merely for in Philadelphia.

their labor value, and very many of Chicago has 12 schools for Chinese, them return to India as ignorant as maintained by Baptists, Congregation-

alists, Presbyterians and Methodists, 8 three of these are in California. There of them regular missions. There is are 14 maintained by the Methodist I ordained pastor working in the Con- Episcopal Church and 10 each by the gregational mission. About 200 Chi- Presbyterian and Congregational denese attend regularly the different nominations. Two others are indeschools. There is a Chinese Mission pendent missions. Among Koreans Teachers' Association. The Y.M.C.A. there are 8 missions conducted by the has undertaken work for the Jap- Methodists, M. E. South, and Presbyanese in Chicago. terians in 8 places in California. The Catholics have done almost nothing in New York has 5 missions for Chi- mission work for Orientals on the nese, 3 in Chinatown, Episcopal, Bap- Coast. tist and Methodist, a Presbyterian mission in another part of the city, an- With the largest Chinese population, other Baptist mission in Brooklyn. San Francisco is naturally the center The Presbyterian mission has an or- of Chinese missionary work, with dainecl pastor, an organized church of I I missions under 7 denomina- 43 members, a Sunday-school enroll- tions. Fine buildings have been ment of 112, and contributions for va- erected for the work of the Baptist, rious purposes, amounting to $1 ,500. Congregational, Episcopalian, Metho- A few other churches have Chinese dist and Presbyterian missions. The classes in connection with the Sunday- cities across the bay from San Franschool. No Christian denomination cisco, Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley, owns property occupied as a Chinese have II missions, carried on by mISSIon. There are 3 Japanese mis- 7 denominations, twice as many in sions in and about New York, I is car- proportion to the popUlation as in San ried on by the Methodists, I undenomi- Francisco, but with much less equip- ~:ational, and I under the Y. M. C. A. ment for the work. Los Angeles has in Brooklyn. 8 missions for the Chinese, carried on by 6 denominations, Sacramento 4, and Some mission work is done for the Seattle 2. Chinese in St. Louis, New Orleans, EI Paso, Kansas City, Denver, Salt Lake The great centers of Japanese popu- City, and at points in New Mexico and lation on the Pacific Coast are Los Arizona. Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. There are 7 churches and missions in On the Pacific Coast there are 54 Los Angeles, and 3 more in suburban missions for the Chinese in 25 towns towns, conducted by 7 denominations. and cities, carried on by 7 denomi- There are 5 missions in Seattle, under nations, Methodist, Baptist, Presby- as many denominations. Several of terian, Congregational, Episcopalian, the Japanese missions in Seattle are Christian (Disciples), Cumberland well equipped with buildings. In San Presbyterian, and 3 independent mis- Francisco and the Bay district, 16 sions. For Japanese there are 72 mis- churches and missions for Japanese sions in 40 cities and towns, carried are maintained by 8 denominations. on by 9 denominations, all of the There is also a Japanese Y. M. C. A. above, except Cumberland Presbyter-' and an independent mission. The ian, and in addition, Friends, German Methodists have a fine building for Reformed, and M. E. South. Forty-

WORK FOR ORIENTALS iN

their Japanese church and school in throughout the United States, no re- San Francisco, but in general much porting of the total number of conver- less has been done in the way of proper sions or presentation of the influence housing for the Japanese mission work upon China and Japan of those who than of the Chinese. have been converted in this country, A most interesting development of seems to the missionary worker so im- the work for Chinese in Chicago is the pressive and so satisfactory as the recent organization of a union Chi- establishment here in AmeriCa of nese church, various denominations strong, well-organized Chinese and which had previously maintained sep- Japanese churches. These churches arate work uniting in what ought to be a very strong central organization.

Mission work for Chinese in New York is pitifully inadequate. Tho that city is the third in Chinese population in the United States, comparatively little impression has been made upon the community by the religious work done. One special reason for the bar- renness of the soil religiously is, how- ever, the fact that the community is far from bcing a normal one. A com- munity largely of adult males, with- out the restraints and interests of fam- ily hfe, purely commercial in its in- stincts, and in addition exploited for the sake of curiosity and vice, is not a promising field for missionary en- deavor. The segregation of the Chi- nese among the lowest .outcasts of REV. NG POON CHEW American life puts a terrible handicap upon any agencies which seek to give Editor of the Chinese and Western Daily Reporter them American Christianity. have their own Chinese or Japanese Comparatively few Japanese are to pastors, who conduct services in their be found in the Eastern cities, and native language, and in some cases are where they are gathered in any num- self-supporting; they show initiative, ber, work is being begun for them and take responsibility for advanced under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. missionary work both in their own Many are working on the railroads in land and in neglected communities of the intermountain district of the West, Orientals in the United States. They and a special Y. M. C. A. secretary, organize Sunday-schools, hold prayer a Japanese, has been appointed to look meetings and conduct special evan- after the religious interests of the gelistic campaigns. The Chinese of Japanese on the Union Pacific lines. . San Francisco have recently held union No listing of the many missions meetings at which 500 were present.

maintained for Chinese and Japanese The Japanese have an interdenomina-

tional missionary society which sends ists, preaching in the native languages. missionaries to the t111reachcd agricul- Plans are now being made by which tural COl111l1ul1Ihes throughout the the various missions acting together State. The union magazine of the may send out trained Chinese and Chinese is called the Radiator or Light ] apanese preachers to reach these Bearer, and the Japanese union maga- neglected fields. The greatest need of zine is entitled the New Heaven and Oriental mission work at present is the IVew Earth. Japanese Christians for special funds to commission conmanifest in their religious work the secrated evangelists for this work. same enterprise, ambition and desire for independence which they show in Not less important, however, than their business and political relations. the reaching of all Orientals in Amer- Chinese, until the recent revolution, ica with the message of Christianity, were more inclined to depend upon is the development of a more cordial American aid and direction, but the brotherly spirit toward them on the emancipation of the Chinese people part of Americans. The progress of from Manchu tyranny has made a re- mission work is greatly handicapped markable change in their disposition to by the racial prejudices so often rehear the gospel and to take upon them- vealed in intercourse with the Orienselves the responsibility for church tals. Those who assert that the Oriwork and missionary extension. ental can never be assimilated, tacitly assume that he can never be Chris- Japanese in America give more at- tianized. The social implications of tention to the extension of Christian Christianity-justice, kindness and work among their own people here, mutual respect-are just as quickly altho many go back and give personal perceived by an Oriental as by an service in the evangelization of Japan. American, and an offer of Christianity which does not promise also the recog- In view of the considerable amount nition of brotherhood, too often fails of work for Chinese and Japanese re- to appeal to the Oriental in America. ported above, it might appear that the Christian churches of America were The program of Oriental mission doing their full duty in this foreign work is plain and simple. God has missionary work at home. Very care- sent to us a comparatively small numful investigations have been made, ber of representatives from Eastern however, in connection with the Home lands, to whom we may give an object Mission Council's Consultation upon lesson as to what Christianity is and Vestern Neglected Fields, which re- what are its effects. Most of these veal the fact that in California alone Orientals will return to their own land there are about 14,000 Chinese and as missionaries of the gospel we give as many Japanese scattered through them. Their whole life here is a trainthe country, remote from missionary ing school, and we are to determine centers, who are practically untouched the character of the instruction, by Christian influences. The best whether it shall~ be a knowledge of thought of expert Christian workers God and His love revealed through for Orientals recognizes that these men, or a training in greed and a country communities of Orientals can revelation of the vices and the prej uonly be reached by traveling evangel- dices of so-called Christian people.

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH AMERICA*

BY MISS FLORENCE SMITH, VALPARA]SO, CH]LE eN Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions orth) OMAN! it is a word to us the cup of pleasure, that mysterious IWI conjure with in Latin cup that traitorously hides in its America. From Mon- depths the bitter dregs of remorse and terey to Punta Arenas, _pain.

"All that there is of beauty, tender. from Peru to Uruguay, -ness, sweetness and sublimity increa- a Woman is exalted tion brings to memory the name of our and enthroned. In the cathedral of Celestial Mother, that name which the every metropolis, in every church in evening zephyr whispers, that name town and village, in every chapel of before 'which the most powerful inthe country-side, a Woman reigns su- telligences of the highest seraphim humble themselves-Mary, the queen preme. From the top of San Cris- of grace, the sovereign of love, the tobal, the mountain which dominates comfort of all who suffer, the charmer the entire Santiago plain, a colossal of the world. Enthusiastic hymris of statue of the Virgin Mary looks down praise ascend to her throne, and she upon hundreds of thousands of faith- is the everlasting fountain of grace and benediction to all her sons."

ful devotees. To be sure, it is a stony ear which she turns cityward, but the Surely in a land which has exalted cries which ascend to her might rend the ideal of a sinless, unstained wo- a heart of stone. manhood above every other ideal, we In a paper, bearing the official may hope to find actual womanhood benediction of the Papal Nuncio raised to a level of purity, of intelli- published in Valparaiso last Decem- gence, of culture unknown elsewhere.

ber, we read the following: "One Is it not a legitimate 'expectation, when name we have engraved upon our we consider that for 400 years there hearts with indelible characters, name has been no power, political, economic, to our lips sweeter than honey from social or religious, to gainsay the propthe honeycomb, and which sounds agation of that ideal, nor any lack of more gratefully in our ears than all the harmonies of the world. This material or human instruments to em- dear name that makes angels wonder body and proclaim it?

and enamors men, that enfolds all the How has it worked out? Ask the beauties of heaven and excels those of nature, is the name of Mary Immacu- women of Colombia as they work with late, the Mother of Beautiful Love. pickax and shovel on the highway, or When the two supreme emotions of stagger under burdens too heavy to be pain and joy embargo our being, that borne. Ask the women street-car conname rises spontaneously from our heart to our lips, because the divine ductors of OJ.ile. Ask the multitudes music of that sweetest sound calms of women in the whole continent, the pain of €lur soul; and at the same who have lost honor, self-respect and time, the name of Mary is the only hope. Ask the mothers of the 40,767 song of praise her devout son knows babies who died in Chile alone in ]909, how to raise when joy floods his soul. less than I year old, because of alco- "Immaculate Mary, be thou our refuge when the brilliant and deceptive holism and anti-hygienic conditions.

fantasies of temptation smilingly offer Ask the Bolivian Indian mother as * An address at the Conference on Missions to Latin America, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, March 12 and 13, 1913.

she sings this lullaby to her newborn plies equally well to many other parts babe: of the continent.

"In a night of torment. was I con- A story is told of a young AmeriCan ceived; therefore I am hke a cl~ud who, having business in' South Amer- ica carried letters of introduction to dwihssicohl~edsairnktewairtshabt itthteernsleisgshtaenstdbgrenaetfh, a p'rominent family in one of its large cltles. At the first opportunity he of the wind of adversity. Thou, little sought to present his letters. The house was charming, with its wide one, hast come to a sad refuge. The corridors and inner court, where the rain and the torment have been thy fountain and the palms presented a cradle. Abandoned and alone, I er.r~d, most refreshing contrast to the glare of seeking a loving heart. No oneYlt1es the street. The mother, fashionably my misery. Cursed. be my ,blrth- drest, rotund and smiling, received cursed my conceptIOn-cursed the world-cursed all things-cursed myself."

Not only has Mariolatry not worked him most cordially and presented him out to the uplifting of Latin American to her 5 fashionably drest, rotund and smiling daughters, who were womanhood, but it has had a definite seated in a row in 5 bentwood rockinfluence in degrading the marriage re- ing-chairs in the salon. The young lation and the sanctity of motherhood. man, eager to make a good impression, Mary, the Virgin Mother, is spotless; sought anxiously ,suitable topics of Mary, the mother of James and Joseph conversation. A grand piano gave and Judas and Simon, is defiled. On him the cue: the one hand it has upheld celibacy, teaching that all love is lust; on the "I suppose you are all very musical," other, it has dragged its own priest- he began. "No doubt you sing as weII hood through the mire of profligacy. as play the piano?"

Sr. Arguedas in his book entitled "Oh, no; we play very little-it is "A Sick People-a Contribution to the Psychology of Spanish American Peo- such trouble to practise." "Ah! perhaps you incline to art. ples" (published in I 909) says that the women of Bolivia (referring only You 'draw and paint, do you not?"

"Oh, no; not at all. It is such a stupid pastime." to white women of the aristocratic class) "yet remain in the condition "WeIl, of course, it might be a little in which women of the Middle Ages arduous for such hot weather. I have lived," and quotes from a leading always heard, now I come to think about it, that South American girls are newspaper of Bolivia this arraignment of upper class young women: very domestic. No doubt you can all cook delectably, and do any quantity "The girls of to-day are fo?lish and unsubstantial because ever smce they of that exquisite embroidery."

were IO years old, they know nothing "Indeed not. That is the cook's but how to do their hair in this man- business. And as for the embroidery, ner or tlhataet~t and to dress themselves it is much easier to buy it from the in the fashion; while all the Nuns."

time they know not how to. read or "Well, and what do you do, if I write, to sew nor to cook-m short, may ask?" inquired the embarrassed nothing." ". This was written of BolIVIa-It ap- young man.

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

"Oh, we just rock," was the reply. proved good and obedient after 6 Are then the women of Latin Amer- months."

ica in general more foolish and empty- Or, as the Indian woman's lullaby headed, more ignorant and immoral says: than our own women? There is but "Abandoned and alone, I erred, one answer-a sad affirmative. Is it seeking a loving heart."

to their shame that it must be said? These are not suppositious excuses.

No! a thousand times, No! But to They are actual statements, written in the shame of their environment, and letters of blood in God's book of re- to the everlasting shame of the Roman membrance. Who will deny that thet;e Hierarchy which through four centur- is a work to be done for the women ies has exploited them, and instead of of Latin America?

the Bread of Life has presented to What Are We Doing? them a dead Christ and an ideal of womanhood which is at once a blas- According t 0 the World A tlas of phemy and a mockery. Ignorant, they Christian Missions for' 19II, there are certainly are. In Chile, one of the most actually working in South America, enlighted of the South American re- Central America and Mexico, 354 marpublics, 60 per cent. of the entire ried women missionaries, and 234 population are said to be illiterate. As single women, including all American, Mr. Speer aptly says in his "South British and international societies of American Problems": "With the op- every denomination. Of these, 24I portunty and resources of the Catholic married women and 151 single women Church, the Protestant missionaries represent the American Church. now at work in South America would There is a great work for married wogive the continent more and better men to do. A real home is an object education in 20 years than it has re- lesson in a universal language, but it ceived in the last 300." must be an open home. It must be open to all classes and conditions of Immoral? Perhaps, as we count women, from the aristocratic, highimmorality.. But who of us dares to born senora to the dirty and unworthy say that, given their heritage, their woman of the street. It must be open ignorance, their temptations, we at all hours, at the expense of muchshould not have sunk so low? Lis- desired privacy and legitimate leisure. ten- It must be free from every sugges- tion of patronage or condescension. "I was only 14-1 knew nothing; Many missionary wives are doing a my mother sold me."

"The times were hard; I had no great work in the cities in which they work, and a sick sister to feed." live, in connection with established "I was an orphan; my aunt churches and schools, but many are so tired of me and connived with an tied by household cares and responsi- evil woman who caused me to be bilities that it is the exceptional mis- drugged." sionary wife who is able to do aggres- "My own father seduced me." sive work outside of her own home "I did not know how to work-to and church.

beg I was ashamed." Of the lSI unmarried women rep- "He promised to marry me if I resenting American boards in Latin

America, all but 9 are in school work, the South American Missionary Soand that number might be doubled, or ciety mentions 28 single women, but even trebled, and still not touch more it is not stated how many of these, than the circumference of the existing if any, do evangelistic work. For the need. I believe there is scarcely a sake of argument we might add 6 town of IO,OOO people throughout the more, which would give each one a length and breadth of the South parish of I,ooo,ooo in round numbers. American continent where a Christian It is a little difficult to account for school might not be established, pay- the neglect of this kind of work in il)g from the beginning one-half, at Latin America. The Presbyterian least, of its running expenses, and Board alone has in China 20 unmarwhere the young women who should ried women in evangelistic work, in be willing to sink their lives in it India IO, in Japan IO, and in Korea would not reap a harvest of one hundred fold. Especially productive of I4· results are the boarding-schools. It is 1. There is a great field of work wonderful to see the changes wrought in the lives of boys and girls, even open to such women in following up after a few weeks spent in an atmos- educational work. Every school phere of real Christian kindliness and opened in Latin Ameriea means an effort. entrance at once into scores of homes. The teachers themselves can not do But it is not of this class of work, this work. It is not fair to expect effective and productive tho it be, that that they should. All mission schools I wish to speak. It is of the work of are undermanned, in both educational the other 9. and domestic departments. Most teachers have extra classes or social I have examined quite carefully the work for evenings and Saturdays. It reports of 7 boards working in Mex- is physically impossible for them to ico, Central and South America, and follow up the avenues of influence have found exceedingly meager ref- opened to them through the school. erences to the evangelistic work being Take, for example, the Escuela Popudone by women. The Presbyterian lar in Valparaiso, with 300 children Board has but 3 women for that work in the central school and 200 more in this entire field. The Domestic and in the 5 neighborhood schools scattered Foreign Missionary Society of the over a radius of IO miles. The princi- Episcopal Church mention 2 deacon- pal of that school teaches half of the esses, the Baptist Board I nurse, and day, and visits and teaches English in the Southern Baptist Board 2 women each of the neighborhood schools every evangelists and a third, who is also a week; she is without help in the overteacher, who gives a part of her time sight and management of the boarding to evangelistic tours. This makes a department; she holds a weekly norgrand total of 9 single women to do mal class for her teachers, a mid-week the work of evangelization among the evangelistic service, and a Sunday- 15,000,000 of adult women, which is a school for 100 children on Sabbath conservative estimate. It may be, of morning. Can she work among the course, that there are others whose families of the school children in adwork is not reported. For instance, dition? And yet at least one-half of

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

the effectiveness of the Escuela Popu- told that one worker could not prop- lar, as a missionary agency, is entirely erly care for the spiritual needs of lost, simply because there has never more than 30 families. A successful been a young woman who could give senior worker in an uptown church in her entire time to following it up. New York told me that 100 families The Escuela Popular draws children constituted her parish. Think of it! from the upper middle class who can In Valparaiso alone, there are IS hills, be reached by the gospel in no other each with a population of 10,000, and way. Many of them are socially su- IS young women might sink their lives perior to our humble chapel services. on those IS hills, working night and Many of them, having become disillu- day. I know a New York suburb of sioned in regard to the professions of 10,000 people where there are 6 Prot- the dominant church, have drifted to estant churches, with 6 ordained pas- the extreme of open indifference and tors, a city missionary, a city club, a godlessness. In the school, each child civic league, a woman's club, a hospi- has his Testament and his hymn-book. tal, a home for crippled children, a He takes them home. Who shall open day nursery, a babies' dispensary, to them up and explain their message to say nothing of public and private the mothers? The child has advan- schools which make for righteousness, tages which his mother has not, super- and where, when some existing slum stition loses its hold upon his open- conditions were brought to their no- ing mind; too often this reacts upon tice-conditions which are the normal, his home and parental authority-he every-day occurrence in South Amer- involuntarily comes to depreciate that ica-over 100 Christian women rose which can not keep pace with himself, up, eager to put a shoulder to the and to rebel against parental restraint wheel of social reform. It is not that and discipline. The fault is not with we would have fewer instruments of the child-it is the misfortune of the righteousness in New York suburbs, mother. How often one hears it said, but oh! we do appeal for more for "Oh, let us work for the children, the Latin Ameril;a. old folks are hopeless." My heart goes It is readily understood, therefore, out to those hundreds of thousands of that the present force of single women women, ignorant and superstitious, if in South America would be totally in- you will, but many of them toiling on adequate to the needs of even one city day after day, faithful to the light like Valparaiso. How, then, shall we they have, uncomplaining, never compass this great work? By train- dreaming to overturn existing social ing Latin American women to do it. conditions by revolt, sacrificing them- This is the second great work for mis- selves that their boys and girls may sionary women evangelists to do. have advantages they never dreamed There are noble women in the Evanof. Shall nothing be done for them? gelical churches in Latin America, who 2. But if Latin American women have been educated in mission schools, are to be evangelized, it must be done wives of pastors and evangelists, of by Latin American women themselves, elders and deacons, eager to help their -otherwise the problem is truly hope- countrywomen, but they do not know less. At the Bible Institute we were how. Many of them do yeoman ser-

vice in opening their houses for neigh- This work should not be limited to borhood meetings, even tho it often one church or to one city. Here is the means a persecution before which danger. The suction of organized many an American woman would. work is tremendous. Here is some- quail. Any number can be found who thing definite already begun, says one.

are eager to accompany the mission- Is it not better to put all my weight ary on a round of visits in their neigh- here, in building up this good work, borhood. It is true that many who rather than to spread myself out over are most capable are most tied down fields where nothing has been begun?

by domestic conditions; perhaps the And before one realizes it, he is swal- majority of middle class women in lowed up in the vortex of church or Latin America help their husbands in institutional activity, very good in it- some way to earn the family income. self, and he is doing the work him- But much volunteer work can be done, self, with I pair of hands which he and that is the best sort of work. sr.o!'!d be training 10 other people to Where women show unusual aptitude, do with 10 pairs of hands. In every a small sum to recompense them for field there are small churches, or coun- the 3 or 4 hours taken away from try groups, where most effective work other work will often open the way may be done in organizing Sunday for really efficient service. I believe schools, helping the pastor's wife and that groups of such women could be training a selected group of women.

formed in many of our Latin Amer- One woman evangelist might easily ican churches, and banded together for h:,IC a chain of 15 or 20 such groups, systematic Bible study and aggressive to be visited and supervised success- evangelistic work in town or city. ively.

They know their people. They them- 3. There is still another field open selves have suffered in spiritual dark- to the woman evangelist, and that is ness. They know the Latin ways of the work which Miss Williamson in thinking. The best-intentioned for- Brazil and Miss Scott in Colomhia are eigner in the world makes more blun- doing. Miss Scott had heard the call ders during the first IO years of his of the women ringiiIg in her ears for missionary service than all the good years, but she was bound hard and he accomplishes can atone for. Great fast in the daily routine of an under- care must be exercised in choosing manned school. And it was not with- these women. They must be married out many pangs of misgiving, and women. They must be of good report. growing pains on the part of the mis- They must be taught to hold their sion, that she finally wrenched herself tongues. But I believe that we err in free. First, she went alone to live requiring too high a standard of birth in a little village 20 miles away, where or education of them. One of the there was I Christian family, follow- most effective personal workers I ing up such opportunities as came her know is a woman of the ignorant, way, or which she could make for her- lower class, but she knows the Savior self. Now she is in Cartagena, the and the Gospel. Each one has abun- seat of the old Spanish Inquisition, dant opportunities on her own class a walled city, and with a second wall level. of fanaticism and superstition reach-

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

ing unto the heavens. No work had should be careful to have the backbeen done in Cartagena; it was deemed ground of -a home, however humble. by many absolutely impossible to do She may have to establish a school as any work there. But Miss Scott went an opening wedge in S0me places, but in quietly and unobtrusively with an it would be only an elementary school, earnest evangelist, a Spaniard, and his and she would seldom have to teach wife, and there, outside the city wall, it herself; she might often have to I visited her in November. A tiny teach the teacher. four-roOlped cottage accommodated To sum up, then, many more women her and the evangelist's family, and should be sent to Latin America for housed a day school in charge of a Co- evangelistic worklombian teach~r besides. And Sr. Re- 1St. To follow up school work aldOJl.lo was holding neighborhood meet- ready existing. ings every night in the week, with an 2nd. To train Latin American atttncldnce of over 100 at each. Doors, Bible women. windows, patios, adjacent walls, all 3rd. To travel among the smaller crowded to hear the wonderful word~ churches, stimulating and supplementof life. And what Miss Scott has ing the work of the pastor's wife. done and is doing in Cartagena can be 4th. To open new fields in company done in thousand.s of towns and vil- with a national evangelist. lages all over Latin America. It re- In closing his masterly plea for the quires courage. It requires grit. people of Bolivia, Sr. Arguedas, quot- Above all it requires large views and ing Do~ Joaquin Costa of Spain, the deep-grounded belief that what the says: word of Goel did in the days Qf Paul "It should be the first care of the it will do to-day, provided its messen- Republic to create men, to make men. gers are found faithful as Paul was. There will never be any other Spain One great advantage of this kind than that which emanates from the of work is that it requires practically brains of Spaniards. Therefore, the no equipment. There is a great dan- Republic must be a husbandman, a culger of our becoming, in our mission- tivator of souls, and should with perary enterprises, dependent upon bricks sistent effort go on plowing, and .sowand mortar. A rented native house, a ing in every spirit the seed of the nacamp cot and some army blankets, to tion." And he adds: "For Spain read be rolled up in smallest compass, a Bolivia. To create men-that! that is baby organ and a picture roll are what Boliyia neecls !" equipment enough. A young woman To create men! Where shall we becloil}g this work in Latin America gin? Shall it not be with the mothers?

"There are morel men preaching the Gospel than there are laymen practising steward- ship to the full. Tbe need is for a larger number of men who will take the Christian pnnciples of giving and bind their lives practically under their domina'ting control."- ROBERT E. SPEER.

VISITING SOLOMON ISLAND MISSION SCHOO!.'

THE GOSPEL IN THE SOLOTvION ISLES BY DR. NORTH COTE DECK, AOLA, SOLOMON rSLANDS* Missionary of the South Sea Evangelical Mission R 0 U N D the river's Month after month, ship after ship sailed in, a never wearying stream, and El~ bend there came a dis- knowing as I do the island life I do A. tant sound of cheering. not wonder that they found our land A moment and a ship a haven of rest, a place of food and ~ moved r~und the man- quietness. grove pomt and headed up the home reach to the town. She Even to-day in many districts in seemed en fete, her masts and rigging the Solomons, for weeks the people gay with colors, waving in the breeze, may not dare to sleep in huts, for fear which presently resolved itself into the of being murdered on their mats, but forms of dark-skinned men, shouting shelter anywhere out in the scrub and and cheering, swarming up the rigging. in the rain. Under the swaying, drip- They were Kanakas, come from isl- ping branches they sit in darkness and ands wild and far away. They came the shadow of death, to creep back to see the world and work the sugar with the dawn and cook their scanty cane of Queensland in Australia. In food by stealth. many cases they were refugees, escaping for their lives from fierce vendettas And so they fled across the sea in raging in their native forests. scores, until all up and down the land ten thousand of these "boys" dotted *British Representative, 11rs. Gates) Crescent Rd. Brentwood, Essex; U. S. A. Representative, <.:- H. Denison, Jamaica. New York City.

GOSPEL IN THE SOLOMON

A WAR CANOE OF THE SOLOMON lSLANDS the cane fields, gathering in the har- in common, these men of Babel, come vest. from scores of islands, was pigeon English: a language never meant to So still they came and spread and tell about the cross or to explain the worked, and, finishing their time, re- need of human hearts. Its words turned across the sea with precious were meager, simple, limited and boxes filled with wonders of the west: only suited for their daily work. gay calicoes and beads, mirrors, watches and knives. But not a man Yet, counting on God's Holy Spirit took back the message that the Lord and disregarding education, for the had died; for no one gave them news time was short, Miss Young was led and warning of the wrath to come. of God to use His word, His word Al! this was 30 years ago. Then alone. That word which in believing there came into one heart the feeling, hands can never return void. And Christ had died for even these, and that first stand upon God's word has so Miss Florence Young, of Bunda- never shaken yet, but has proved the berg, began a simple class among the stepping stone to untold blessing as "boys" near by. At first progress was the years went by. For God's own slow. As, then, without experience, word has still its ancient power, and Miss Young with constant prayer, it is still the only bread of life. So sought for the road by which they as the "boys" in simple words were might be led through Christ to God. taught, night after night- how all had sinned; how great man's need; how The only language that they learned

God had made a way when Christ and multiplied until the Queensland had died upon the cross; somehow Kanaka Mission, as then it was called, the news seemed good; it met a need had 19 white missionaries wholly en- and filled a longing in their hearts. So gaged in the work, with scores of de- one by one they found the Master and voted native teachers, while 2,484 men their live's began to change. From and women had been baptized after evidence of change in their lives.

Then came the Exodus, seven years ago, when Australia deported the boys "en masse" to their island homes.

The returning Christians fell over the Solomons like a deluge.

Some of the converts have gone in- land, but aU around the coast, little bands of Christians collected here and there in villages, bui lt churches, and began to teach. Now out of the dark- ness of wild Malaita there shine, as it were, more than 40 lighthouses for the King of Glory, sending their beams far inland among the heathen and lighting numbers into the Kingdom of God.

When the "boys" were returned to their island homes, the missionaries followed their flock , and six years ago the South Sea Evangelical Mission was formed by Miss Young in the islands.

A SOLOMON ISLANDS BUSHMAN On the coast of Malaita a training such a small beginning grew this work, school is established, where at Baunani and presently the planters round, who over a hundred pupils are preparing ridiculed the thought that savages like to go out as teachers all over the isl- these had souls to save, began to ask ands. On the shores of a beautiful for Christian boys because they found harbor at Onepusu nestles the train- them better workmen. And then the ing college for women. There are work grew st~adily, year after year, now five white stations with 16 mis- and spread all over Queensland like sionaries engaged in the work, as well a giant creeper, till the far-away as the vessel Evangel, on which I live northern plantations were reached and and visit from harbor to harbor the won, and in every plantation and sugar 60 native out stations on the several district in Queensland several bands islands of Malaita, Makira and Guad- of one-time cannibals met morning and alcanar. Last year God's bountiful night to worship the one true God and harvest included 200 men and women, to wait for His Son from heaven. baptized after careful probation and For 24 years the work increased teaching.

BLACK*

A REVIEW BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS, OBERLIN, OHIO HE history lying behind an expedition against the Arabs, and the ambassador of peace must main- I lTI the volume is this: In tain within the fort the discipline of 1889 Dan Crawford the army. Shut off to the north and started from Benguella, west and south by reactionists among Angola, thence made a journey of 32 months the natives and the Arabs, Crawford eastward, coming at last to the country now made his journey "sub silentio,"

of the famous, infamous Chief Mu- as he p1tts it, eastward until he reached shidi in his "Babylon" of Bunkeya. the shores of Lake Mweru, discovered We get the idea of the general situa- years before by Livingstone. "Even tion from this statement: "Out in the to this remote day alI around Lake Far West, in r890, our nearest ecclesi- Mweru they sing a Livingstone song, astical neighbors are those splendid to commemorate the great pathborer, American Board men, distant 800 the good doctor being such a federal miles at Bihe. Then, turnipg south, head of his race that he is known far our nearest Christian neighbor is the and wide as Ingeresa, or The English- sainted Coillard, far down in the man." Here on the northern edge of Barotse Valley, 600 miles away. the great lake, our author planted his Looking north toward the Equator, mission and fought his fight for two and a good r,ooo miles off, are the decades against Africa for the African.

graves of the Combers on the Kongo. But the book is not an autobiog- Nearer still, our good friends on raphy, nor primarily a study of mis- Tanganyika Plateau, the L. M. S. sion methods. It is rather an effort to ~ .. But the best wine comes last, and let us into the African mind, so that the crowning boon of all is Living- we may "think black." We are led stonia, on the far eastern sky-line. into the black man's country by one of Four hundred miles distant, there you those 10,000 trails which twist their have 'the Bishop of Central Africa,' way around dead trunks of trees, Dr. Robert Laws." At Bunkeya the around stones and shags; and the writer stayed for long with his com- writer meditates, "Take the necessary rades, trying to influence the luxurious monotonous Indian file this same nar- and licentious brute Mushidi, until the row trail of ours involves. There is kingdom went down in ruins. After a whole' negro philosophy of 'follow experiencing near-starvation, and find- your leader' meaning in this. . . . The ing the station impossible, Crawford slaves of precedent, they dog the steps prest on to a point east of the Lufira of 1,000 ancestors. Precedent, not River, but here his entire settlement principle, is their black law." We was desolated by an unexpected flood. share with the writer the lonely desert By one of those strange turns of journey, where the only water to be events so characteristic of African life, had is got by digging, where the won- he was left in charge of a Belgian fort, derful mirage sends blacks with the while the commandant went out upon white man in search of the lake that *By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S. Morgan and Scott, London. George H. Doran Company, New York, $2.00 net.

is not there. Then we are introduced box. -He gestures "infinitely," and until to the land of the long grass, of the one learns the meaning of the African lions, the crocodiles and the hippo- gesture, he does well not to emphasize potami, the land of endless varieties of an argument with the pointed finger, birds and, alas, insects. "In Luba- "for do you not point three fingers land, as I now write, whole towns are at yourself at the same time?"

being swept off the map" by the sleep- Again it is worth while to know ing sickness. whether a chief, full of beer, as he We pass from vivid descriptions spits in your face is paying you an in- of the country which dominates the sult or rather a compliment. And this black mind to equally vivid de- leads one to the stories of the endless scriptions of the people with whom the law-suits which distract the life of black man must compete. There are every hamlet. A law-suit is begun be- the Portuguese, with their rum or cause a man has been called Mr. Tree "nigger-killer," with their fort, ado instead of Mr. Baggage. A law-suit ministering unjust justice. "Why," is begun because a man has rushed into said a native, "should I go to the fort a hut to avoid the rain and has per- for help against the fort? Why go mitted some drops of rain to fall on to the Chefe? Is it worth while to ask the floor of the hut. Then there is the the river to champion your cause horrible system of Nkole, or surety- against the lake, when you can only ship, which involves in the results of get water from either?" A man will crime hosts of innocent men, women not soon forget the picture of the and children, "a terrible tangle of caravan of 800 sOl1ls, many of them tangles. " "You roam about Africa, little, emaciated chiiJrcn, going off to sighing for one straight line, and 10, a real if disguised slavery. Then there you find it not, a parable all this of is Leopold, whose long arm reaches black morals as well as black men."

out for al1 the ivory, the resultant rev- While confessing that the Africans are enue to be clevc,' cd to charity, the char- "the world's greatest liars," the writer ity that begins ~.t home. Or lest one suggests at least a partial explanation become pharis:! :caJ, one reads the in the fact that they have no writing.

question of the n;issionary's boy, who "They have nothing down in black and had lived with lhe whites: "Who ever white. Promises are merely verbal, heard of God amollg the English?" not written; therefore, the hardest- But the Arabs wrrc and are the black mouthed negro wins." Suppose that man's worst enem:es. "The name by for the past 2,000 years, men who which the Arabs were called became think white had had nothing "down in ultimately the proper verb meaning black and white"!

'to murder and loot,' all around Lake Look for a moment through the Mweru." author's eyes at the family and social But w'lat of the black man himself? life of the African. In his wretched He has 110 watch, no clock. The sun little bee-hive hut he is huddled with is his sole chronometer. A watch is his children, his dogs and his vermin, given him, but "the poor palpitating" closely surrounded by dozens of other thing is soon succC'sdulIy "killed," the huts with the same kind of occupants.

tin case being use, as a smart snuff A cough will sweep through a village.

BLACK

"The small-pox licks up a whole popu- tic case of an entire town wiped out.

lation, the disease sweeping through And yet, as you read of black deeds, the land like the annual grass fires." the writer leads you to a profound In the center of the hut is the common compassion for the black man. He pot, into which are thrust a dozen dirty is very much like us. His humor is fists. "Mr. Eat-Alone" is tabooed. akin to ours. His proverbs remind us Here is polygamy with its endless bick- of our own. He works out toward the erings and its ghastly tragedies. "Here infinite as we do. "Bantu has the full- in Lubaland," said a chief, "a goat est expression of the abstract orie has costs four yards of calico, and a woman yet met with." Yes, and in some ways slave is also sold for four yards, ergo, he is much better than we. Here for a goat equals a woman." It is a comfort example is the African on the march.

to know that these women, drudges, "His thirst is a very real thing, not slaves, in the absolute power of their the ill-tempered craving of an English- husbands, have yet constituted them- man. So, too, with hunger. His is selves into a vast secret order of the bani-gnawing sort, the deep hun- "Black' Suffragettes," whose meetings ger of faintness… Cold numbs, hun- must not be disturbed, and whose pro- ger gnaws, and they, down at the very tests help to alleviate in a measure bottom of life's hill, give never a their "condition. It is good, too, to twitch or twinge by way of grumble.

know that in the dark cannibalistic In comparison, we, a grumbling, feasts, of whose horrors the book fur- greedy race of Europeans, are all self, Dishes ample evidence, the women take self, self, from the sales of our feet no part. They do not allow the fam- to the top of our crown."

ily pots to be used in these orgies, and But the black deeds are prompted they speak with mingled fear and con- by black thoughts, fostered and per- tempt of the practise which their hus- petuated by religion. The fisherman bands justify by the casuistry of the as he fishes must curse the dead men priest and the beast. Crawford com- at the bottom of the lake who would pels us to listen to the bitter cry of draw him down. The son looks to the children, the pathetic victims of the spirit of his dead mother to have African ways of thinking. He com- a "big say" with God. Down on the pels us to see as with our own eyes Lualaba, in the dark umbrageous ra- the little one buried alive, because, for- vine is a "Cathedral of the Congre- sooth, his tooth did not appear in pre- gated Dead,". a forbidding place to cisely the traditional fashion. He which men venture in times of great compels us to look at the young slip dispute, that the spirits may settle their of a girl cruelly beaten because of quarrel for them. Surrounding all this the wrongdoing of her twin-sister. hideous amalgam of ancestor worship "Twins they were born, and twins they and demon worship and fetish worship will live and die." "The little ones there is a gloomy fatalism, all the grow up into men all too early. 'Soon worse because the native believes in ripe, soon rotten.''' Goo.

Then there are tales of wholesale This black man meets the mission- slaughter, "red sunsets," when great ary. Does he admire him? No. He chiefs are buried. There is one authen- admires the missionary's black art of

writing which he thinks can perform pass, the African believes in the white miracles. He admires the missionary's man, and then comes the Year of Love gun and "medicine" with which he when he believes in the white n~an's kills a deer; but "the black-but-comely Savior. The missionary's first convert African warns you off both his soil was a former executioner. Another and his soul." "It was hinted quite was a famous elephant hunter, who broadly to-day that we must be run- would sometimes leave his quarry to aways from justice. We are nobodies. preach to a new village to which his Where are our belongings?" Again, wanderings led him. And so we find uN0 wonder Malemba once inter- the little group of missionaries sur- rupted a sermon of mine with the rounded at last by natives who sit at stinging retort, 'Ay, you white men the Lord's table, "the table of tears," or were a bad lot to go away and kill "the table of memory," and who are al- the Best One like that. We blacks ready living the life of Eternity, "the only kill criminals. And then,' said he, life of God Almighty." "'Rags,' the 'far from being ashamed of what you Arabs call our black parishioners, for- have done, you come across the seas getful of the fact that rags make the to tell us you did it.'" whitest paper, so what men can do in And this last paragraph makes it the paper line, surely God can surpass needless to ask what the black man in sou!"."

thinks at first of the gospel, "the white In the course of his book, Mr. Craw- man's parable." But the missionary ford makes certain comments on mis- must grow very lonely, when with sionaries and mission work, the result Crawford he knows that everyone of of his years of Thinking Black, com- his audience is saying in his heart, ments which may stir criticism, but "God was a fool to leave his Son to are certainly worthy of consideration.

die….Chololo's son was as solemn as "Christ's cause is too often wounded a sermon, when he said that no black in the house of its friends, but never man would believe in such a god." so grievously and gratuitously as The black man will wait for 20 years, when a missionary of the cross beats and see whether the white man will easily all his fellow Europeans in this live the gospel which he preaches. So matter of first-class get-up. 'The best day by day this African is "looking houses, best furniture, best eating all through you like a glass. Day by day at the mission.''' He notes with con- that relentless negro stare." cern the tendency to build compara- But as he learns to think black, the tively imposing mission stations among missionary learns to win his way. De- a nomadic people who determine to ceived from time immemorial, the move on just as the missionaries are black yet comes to recognize a good ready to settle down.

man even under a white skin. Now Again he inclines to think that there a friendly mediation between warring is a real advantage in bringing the tribes makes a lasting peace and a way mission station within reach of the for God through the wilderness. Now government agency. "Only with the a shot which brings four tons of hippo- civil power keeping a mission in its potamus meat to a village gives the proper place can the latter be stript missionary his chance. The 20 years of its false prestige. Many a little

19I3J lfOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA

Protestant pope in the lonely bush is is no mission, there can be no godliforced by his self-imposed isolation to ness. This poor parroty brand of be prophet, priest and king rolled into black is alas too common." one, really a very big duck in his own private pond." There have been great changes in Central Africa since Livingstone Speaking of furloughs, he says: "It walked in sorrow and loneliness is just here the Roman Catholics far- through its marshes. Our author tells ther east make the cosy Protestants us that not far down the Kongo the blush, for while we are famous fur- very cannibals who hurled clouds of lough folks, they burn their bridges and arrows against Stanley's canoes are tostick to their posts. Both nuns and day themselves firemen and engineers priests dedicate their lives to the land, of the river steamboats, perspiring never hoping to sight Europe again, over their engines with lumps of cotwhile we parade England with lantern ton waste in their strong, dirty hands; lectures." Very much might be said but a black man perspiring over his on the other side of this furlough ques- engine may not be far from cannibaltion. There wil! be more hearty agree- Ism. The real makers of the new ment with the author in his suggestion Africa are men like Crawford. One that there is a tendency to permit the lays down his book to marvel at the young convert to lean too long on the audacity of faith which enables a man missionary. "Certainly too much cod- to spend more than two decades of dling of converts has fostered sickli- uninterrupted sacrifiCial service in this ness of soul, the flippant defense of land; to marvel at the power of Goel many a backsliding black at the mines I hich can bring, out of the centuries or Bulawayo being that because there of cruelty, the Year of Love.

" -HE recent tour of Dr. John R. Matt and T Mr. Sherwood Eddy through the student Ea, centers of China, has MOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA Dr. Mott's visit to China is likely to prove of an epoch-making char- acter. The extraordinary movement among the students is declared by Rev. George Douglas, of Liaoyang, to ~ revealed the remark- be "one of the biggest miracles I able and unprecedented ripeness of have yet encountered. It is common the field for the Christian harvest. to the whole land and is being closely At the recent International Y.M.CA. followed up. There is no saying Convention in Cincinnati, the dele- into what it will grow."

gates were so imprest with the oppor- The great evangelistic meetings tunity that a number of the younger were held in 14 of the great student secretaries offered themselves for for- centers of China. The attendance at eign service and some of the business these meetings was unprecedented, men present, unsolicited, pledged and thousands signed cards as in- salaries from $r,ooo to $3,000 a year. quirers. There was also abundant

proof given of the friendly attitude in order to hold the men and lead of the government and the ripeness them on by persistent effort until the of the student field to direct evangel- inquirers are baptized into Christ and ism. Special efforts were made to unite with the vanous Christian have the same men attend consecu- churches. tively the series of addresses in each city. Of the more than 35,000 dif- In Honlrkong and Canton ferent men who, it is estimated, attended these meetings, over 7,000 Rev. W. E. Taylor, a worker signed cards, promising to study the among Chinese students at Shanghai, four gospels, to pray to God daily who made the recent tour with Dr. for light and guidance, and to accept Mott and Mr. Eddy, gives the follow- Christ if they found Him true. ing additional facts in his letter to the Canadian Churchman: The friendly attitude of government officials was strikingly mani- The first night in Hongkong the fested throughout this great cam- theater was packed half an hour bepaign. In Tsinanfu the Governor fore eight o'clock; the immense audigave the use of the Provincial Assem- ence of from 1,500 to 1,600 filled it bly Building for the meetings, and in to the doors with no standing room. Mukden the Governor personally un- Several hundred had to be turned dertook the cost of erecting the spe- away. The second and third nights cial building necessary. In Mukden the theater was again crowded. Mr. the authorities also put on a special Eddy spoke with great power on the train for Dr. Mott's personal use; to awakening of Asia and its message enable him to fulfil his engagements to the students of China. On the and to avoid traveling on Sunday to fourth and last night he gave a direct Korea. In Fuchau the dates of the searching Christian appeal on Christ school examinations were changed so as Creator, Friend, Savior. The as not to interfere with the meetings, effect of these meetings on the young and Mr. Eddy was invited to address men at Hongkong has been prothe Provincial Assembly, thus estab- found. Two hundred and fortylishing a precedent for all China, nine signed cards as inquirers.

From the very outset it was made In Canton, where Dr. Mott ~ave a clear that the real work was ex- series of three evening addresses to pected to begin when the campaign government students and young men, was finished. The work of careful night after night the largest Chinese conservation of results which God theater in the city, and probably the had given led to the appointment of largest tneater in South China, enstrong committees of from 100 to 150 tirely modern in its plan and equipleading Christian workers in every ment, was crowded with a picked city where the meetings were held. audience of between 2,700 and 3,000 Special literature has been printed, men. Dr. Mott's subjects were: Bible classes have been formed, per- "Spiritual Atrophy," "Temptation," sonal workers' groups have been or- and "Religion, a Matter of the Will." ganized, a six months' program was On the second evening over 1,000 outlined for religious and social work, men stayed behind to hear a second address on "How to Secure Victory over Temptation." Tho it was late

MOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA 52

at night between 600 and 700 of these he went to the Ch'ing Hua College men remained for a third meeting, (The American Indemnity College), when 535 of them signed cards as where he adclrest the body of 300 inquirers, promising three things: (I) students. In this way he addrest to make a careful study of the four about 1,680 students in government gospels, both in private and by at- schools in a day and a half. All tendance . at weekly Bible classes; these meetings were arranged by the (2) to pray each day to God for Board of Education. An evangelistic Gourage and wisdom to find the meeting was held at the Ch'ing Hua Truth and to obey it; (3) to accept (Indemnity College), after the public Jesus Christ as personal Savior and address, and some 20 new men were Lord as soon as reason and con- enrolled for Bible study. science permit. On the following night two more meetings were held. Mr. Douglas writes: "The missions More than half the great audience in Peking erected a great tent remained for the second meeting, which was crowded with 3,000 nonwhen 294 more men signed cards as Christian students to hear addresses inquirers, giving name and address to from Dr. Mott. C. T. Wang, who is facilitate the following-up work. of ex-Cabinet rank, interpreted, and did it superbly. The. audience was The chairmen of the three night enthusiastic and gave them the closest mass meetings in Canton were the attention. Before the day was done Minister of Education, the Chief over 650 students signed cards as in- Justice of the Supreme Court, and quirers. the Dean of the Medical Faculty in Canton. Each night returned stu- "While I write another meeting is dents from America, Europe and going on, or rather a series of meet- Japan occupied a prominent place ings, for Mott's plan is to give every on the platform. one an opportunity to leave at the end of the first hour; then he starts In Pekin and Mukden on again with those who remain, and after the second meeting he repeats Mr. J. S. Burgess of Peking also the process. He must have an iron physique. writes of the visit to the capital city: Mr. Eddy was in Peking only one "At Mukden the results were in some ways most striking of all. To and a half days. On the first afternuOIl begin with, the highest officials in he addrest the Customs College, the Manchuria-the Governor and the Government University, and in the Education Commissioner – entered Ch'iu Shih Middle School made the with heart and soul into the scheme. first speech ever delivered in the It was necessary to erect a great matschool under Christian auspices. On the second day he addrest the stu- shed, there being no building large dents of the Higher Normal College, enough to contain all we wished to the large Law College of 600 stu- invite. This the officials insisted on dents, and the Higher Technical Col- erecting entirely at their own exlege, giving in these two latter also pense, and they gave us every assistthe first speeches ever delivered in ance in their power in advertising them under Christian auspices. Next

the meetings among those whom we Mott that the following-up work be desired to reach. prest with vigor, and that those who have already handed in their names "The result was that an audience be on no account suffered to drop of 5,000 faced the speakers on off for want of attention." Saturday afternoon; most of them the very men we wanted. Among A remarkable fact is mentioned in them were 100 leading students who a letter from Dr. A. R. Young, of had been specially invited from a Tieh-ling, who says: score of other towns in Manchuria, men of influence who had already "A non-Christian man remarked to been more or less in touch with Dr. Liu, the son of the Mukden pas- Christianity. The result of this one tor, that it is a strange coincidence meeting was that 175 men handed in that the exact spot where the large their names as inquirers. tent was pitched, and where .these men signed papers to accept Christ, "The following day the crowd of is the very place where the Christians 5,000 was reduced to 1,500, but the wen' iortured and beheaded in the attention was remarkable. Dr. Matt Boxer rising. Truly the blood of the declares that he has not received such martyrs is the seed of the Church. close attention anywhere. At the end, 535 cards were handed in, and he "The sight of the eager upturned called upon all those who wished to faces of 5,000 students in the large remain to a second meeting to do tent will not soon be forgotten. The so. This time the cords were drawn conviction of the Holy Spirit was closer, and an appeal was made for very manifest. When over 400 studefinite decision for Christ. The men dents s,tood up in token of their wilwere carefully warned not to be lingness to accept Jesus as Savior and hasty, and then red cards were dis- Lord one could scarcely believe it was tributed, on which they were asked true. A second time the step was exto enter their names and institutions plained to them, yet none sat down of learning, if they were resolved to again. yield to Christ as Lord. "There is at present an unprece- "The result amazed me. No fewer dented opening all over Manchuria than 412 names were at once handed among its young men. It is a pity in. These men have promised to that for lack of funds and trained meet together at a central hall next student evangelists we can not seize Sunday to be organized into bands the opportunity. We have been very for study of the Scriptures. Mr. much imprest of late by the willing- McNaughtan has arranged for nearly ness of the people to listen to the 50 leaders of such groups; and by Christian doctrine. It would seem the favor of the Education Commis- that with the radical changes in the sioner they are to have every facility country a feeling of dissatisfaction for meetings in the principal educa- with the old ways of worship has tional institutions in the city. sprung up. Temples are neglected, or turned over to other uses, such as "When calling next day the Com- schoois or offices, or even shut up. missioner, who was himself much im- There is scanty respect paid to the prest, made a special request of Dr. gods. I saw a room with eight ter-

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN 52

rible-looking figures set up around It is possible to overestimate the sigthe walls, and several had had the nificance of the request of President eyes picked out, or were otherwise Yuan Shih Kai for a day of prayer for mutilated." China, and we must not be too san- guine as to the signs of a wholesale It is high time that the whole turning Christianward among stucients Church of Christ awakened to the in the Matt and Eddy meetings. But marvelous manner in which God is all of these events are tokens of the opening the way for the gospel in God-given opportunity that is pre- China. This is a time for profound sented to the OlUrch of Christ. It thanksgiving and for deep heart- is a tide in the affairs of China which searching to learn what God would should be taken advantage of in the have us do as individuals and as name of our Lord Jesus Christ. churches to follow His lead in China.

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, CHANG TT JIO, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church WENTY_FIVE years for tIle education of their children. VlThen the schools were finally opened fJT ~ ag?,. in har~ony with their rapid development in size, effi- spmt of comIty among ciency, and self-support more than missionaries in China, proved the wisdom of the early policy. ~ the section of Honan north of the Yellow The most encouraging recent de- River was allotted to the Canadian velopment has been the number of Presbyterian Church. It was at that country congregations that are open- time untouched by Christianity and ing and supporting their own local was exceedingly anti-foreign. schools. During all these years the TIle early pioneer missionaries laid missionaries have also kept before true foundations. From the first they them the ideal of a self-supporting, maintained a fixt policy of self-sup- self-governing Chinese-not foreign- port and determined that the early church. One of the most important years must be given to aggressive steps taken to this end was the estab- evangelistic effort. The medical work lishment of a summer-school for Evan- was always used as a distinctly evan- gelists, held during the three hot gelistic agency. The mIssIonaries months of the year, when evangelistic were urged to open and conduct work is practically at a standstill. The schools with foreign money, but they carrying on of this school has meant stedfastIy kept to the policy of build- unselfish devotion on the part of the ing the schools on the church rather missionaries in charge, who, instead of than build the church on the schools. taking a rest from their work during The opening of these schools was de- the hot season, have, to meet a felt layed for years until a Christian con- need, carried 011 this extra and prob- stituency had been formed, from ably most strenuous work of the year.

which to ga'ther Christian pupils and The school was opened primarily to until the parents were willing to pay train men for the native ministry.

Many of these had not the advantage to be afraid of silence. The warning of much education and were too old evidently went home, for several days to go to an ordinary school, but they passed and scarcely a voice was heard had had years of practical training as in prayer. There were long and to evangelists. Last year when 9 men me sometimes painfully long silences, graduated from this school and were broken only by the occasional singing ready to go out as pastors to native of a verse by the three young men churches, the missionaries began to who formed an impromptu "choir."

feel as if the realization of the early Some seemed to become nervous over ideal was in sight. Immediately upon the silence. Mr. Goforth quieted them the graduation of these men a vigorous by saying: "Has not God said plainly, propaganda was carried on among the 'Is not my word like a fire that bumeth native congregations, urging them to and like a hammer that breaketh in support these men. As a result, 8 out pieces?' Wait God's time-it will of the 9 have been ordained and in- surely come." That very evening, the stalled in their respective charges. break began.

It must be remembered that in The story of the days that followed North Honan, as elsewhere in China, is too wonderful and sacred to record the majority of the people are living in detail. Hearts were laid bare be- year in and year out "on the ragged fore the Lord in deepest contrition and edge of ruin." Therefore, the finan- sorrow. Except in a few cases where cial question was a serious one. The men were fearfully shaken because of Chinese leaders felt at once the neces- terrible sin and cried in agony for for- sity for the Christians being lifted to giveness, the general prayers were a higher spiritual level, otherwise they spoken with intense feeling but al- feared they would not·be able to meet ways quietly. That which seemed to their new obligations. It was to meet cut and burn into every soul was their this need that Mr. Jonathan Goforth failure to live Christ and their unwill- was asked by the Chinese to visit these ingness to testify for Christ to their self-supporting centers. heathen friends and relatives. The One week of meeting was held at pastor was one of the first to break Chang Tsin, a country charge, 30 down utterly. He had been shaking miles east of Chang Tefu. This was ",ith supprest sobs for some time.

the largest Christian community in the . As he rose there was a deathlike still- field, numbering upward of 300. It ness while he struggled to gain con- was also the wealthiest, having among trol of his voice. One thing he said its members several farmers of con- was that upon two rocks alone he siderable property. It seemed we feared the church would have gone to went to this place of all others, the pieces had the Lord not sent His mes- least in need of reviving. senger to them. These rocks were Sab- At the first meeting Mr. Goforth bath breaking and covetousness. The warned the people plainly not to take people were not keeping the Sabbath part in the meetings because they were and were not giving proportionately.

accustomed to or because others did Again and again during these days, not. That the meeting would always when dozens were praying at once and be left open after the address and not when everyone seemed to be weeping,

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN 53

there was a wonderful sense of quiet. in the audience, he said with a heart- For at such times no one spoke or rending cry: "Oh, my father, my prayed Of cried aloud. The Presence father, how I have hated you and of God never seemed more real than grieved you. Oh, forgive me, will on such occasions. Once only was you. Oh, forgive me, will you? Can there a sign of hysteria, and this was you forgive me, oh, my father, my gently but firmly checked. One young father?" Then, sitting down, he man, a member of the "choir," was sobbed aloud. The father rose, saying, GRADUATING CLASS FOR NATIVE PASTORS, .1912 All of thelSe men, except one, are now pastors of self-supporting churches greatly broken and seemed to be try- "I forgive you, my son. It is my fault, ing to hide his emotion. On three oc- too. God forgive us both." casions he struggled with overwhelming emotion and tried to tell what was The last meeting was one never to on his mind, but failed. On the last be forgotten. It was fuII of thanksgivday, just at the close of the morning ing and praise. The movement among service, a young woman in deep agi- the Christians had spread to the tation rose, and, turning to this young heathen and many were brought in, man, said : "Brother, I have hated among them two witch doctors, who you. Oh, forgive me." This broke have since invited Christians to their the young man down so that he cov- village to destroy the household gods. ered his face with his hands and Some heathen families also invited the sobbed. After a few moments, as if Christians to pray in their homes, and by a tremendous effort, he stood up kept busy with the numbers of heathen and, turning to Ilis father, an old man enquIrIng the way. This is, we be- lieve, the beginning of the harvest.

"THE YEAR OF LOVE" IN CENTRAL

AN EPILOG TO "THINKING BLACK"* BY DAN CRAWFORD, LUANZA, CENTRAL AFRICA OMEBODY drew blank in bush-preaching, for the unblushing sin, forces evangelists to be as plain as mS when he said that Hope John Bunyan. Hence that negro ob- makes a good breakfast stinacy, and, if you have only perti- but a bad Slipper, for nacity enough, the said obstinacy can there is no throb of joy easily,work out at malignity. . _. akin to the darkest hour merging into d awn. The hint of obstinacy is seen in the For look what befell us in the glad very set of the jaw. Mere sophistry year 1905, which was termed Mwaka will not break him, and only the power wa Lusa, "The Year of Love." At of God can make him throw the doors Koni, Johnston Falls, and Luanza it of his nature open to Christ. . . .

was the same story and the same time. Leading up to this "Year of Love,"

All these sterile years the gospel had what was the raw native's line of de- been stored up in Carenganze folk fense, or had he any? Slaves, for in- mentally, like so much sound money stance, whose souls were plowed with that returned no interest. They lis- the plowshare of anguish, why did tened, and they watched us with their they not troop under the Christ ban- ferret-eyes, and, of course, they had ner? The curious answer is found in their difficult questions to ask, yet their deep-seated idea that this was the answer some of them we could not. heathendom in which God had caused The story of these long sterile years them to be born. Not once, but a of sowing was supremely simple from hundred times, have I heard the native the African's standpoint. Intruding, claim "God" as the Author of it all.

as we have done, into his darkness "God's law" (il1ukanda wa Leza) was with our gospel of God, the said gos- the phrase for all their tribal cus- pel'made too preposterous and im- toms, and the very variety of men and possible a claim upon him Hence his manners on the face of the earth was blunt black challenge to the mission- their argument against the unity that ary: "Well, you just sit down here is in Christ.

and live your gospel for twenty years There are genuine phrases that have or so, and then we will believe you." gone the round of the Garenganze for Thus, for nearly a generation, did the centm'ies, which, literally translated, negro's face set in those obstinate lines look like the language of pious resig- of Christ-rejection so well known to nation: "Ah, God's time has not come us, and it has taken all that time for yet." "God is great: whoever con- the truth to get home to his hard quered Him? He killeth even the heart that all our gospeling was not aristocrats." So, in dark fatalistic the mere effllsion of a passing excite- . sing-song, the name of God is bandied ment. about on every subject. I have met This "pegging away" is what the serious students of theology who were African calls "the pertinacity of a fly," embarrassed because the Africans have the compliment being equivocal, as no idea of Satan and his sinister per- most African flies have a sting in them. sonality, whereas the real puzzle would Some flies, like some missionaries, be to find out how they could possibly even give "sleeping sickness"-a curi- know of the existence of a specific ous sort of jag that mllst be if it fallen angel named Diabolus, alias makes you sleep instead of wakening Satan. The masterstroke of the Devil you up. And "sting'! is the very idea is that he, in Africa, has not only lied 'Published hy George H. Doran, New York, $2,00, and by Morgan and Scott, London, 7., 6d. most subtly all the centuries against honorable status in the land. K–, God, but has hidden himself behind one of these, tells his conversion in his own lie. a manly precise way. Chief on the Bukongolo Range, he says he often "And so they've voted the Devil out came down from the hills to attend the And of course the Devil's gone, meetings, ay, even in the rain he made a try to be there. But simple people would like to know Who carries his business on." "Believe?" says he; "N0, I wore out two gospel halls in Christ-rejec- Yet God was over all even then, tion." and in some crude sense these poor wanderers from Him were under a Quaint idea to think of wearing out schoolmaster leading them to Christ. a hall as you wear out an old pair of Crudely, granted, yet even Paul dig- boots. The first mud hall was eaten nifies that intuition of theirs by the by white ants and had to be replaced exalted name of "law" when he insists by another, and as K– saw even a that they are a "law unto themselves." third hall while yet a rebel at heart, One of the strongest threads in the this poignant fact was the straw that fabric of their national life is the broke the camel's back: austere creed of taboo. Here is a fresh "as we go to press" example. "I have actually worn out two meet- Just a minute ago I tried hard to get ing-houses in Christ-rejection." a tiny boy named Kasongo to eat a fish. Pinched with hunger, here was No beauty he, only one of the old cuta little nipper with no "moral" backbone, yet he shut his milk teeth, and throats who did Mushidi's dirty work defied all my entreaty. No, he dare not break tribal taboo, dare not touch for a dirty reward. But the go.pel fish, wheedle him as you may. Poor superstition of course it all is, but at has even done something for his lItl1y least the negro blood is thereby stronger in grit and tenacity of pur- face, for the old doggy and insinuatmg pose, and in some sense this loyalty to leer is gone and the gleam of the life law-keeping does not soften the fiber of his black mind. In fact, the day eternal shoots out of the eyes. Bow this type of negro weeps for sin will be the same glorious date when that true that a negro's black face is, after very negro will welcome Christ into all, not the same thing as his countehis life by the front door of fearless- nance! God makes a man's face, but ness and not by the back door of a man makes his own countenance. cowardice. Nor will you need to spend long hours indoctrinating him with At first, all alone in his own town, ideas as to the sanctity of law per se. old K– had a hard battle, the saved He has that in his bones, for in his chief and his wilful people being at own tribal taboo did he not "play the daggers drawn. Christ seemingly, as game"? Thus Christ subjugates all of yore, had not come to send peace in things unto Himself, and' instead of their midst, but a sword, and the old casting away the old spear of taboo, tug-of-war between right and wrong he now converts it into a gospel plow- began. No sugar-plum expressions share. Is there no taboo in the Ec- here, for light fights darkness with a cIesia? I trow there is. Are there glittering blade, the gleam being all no holy "thou shalt not's" in Christian- the brighter in the inky blackness. ity? And did the negro not spend his Like a living tree in a timber-yard, life learning how sacred even a human K– grew nobly, and now, after six "thou shalt not" can be? vears, he has won a small band of Christians who daily meet in his town. Then, again, a bright streak of hope Thus those stunted. stifled souls at is seen in the conversion of chiefs of last get a chance. Like a toy town- hall in the center of his village you can descry a nice school-house he has huilt for his people.

Too many Africans see Christ in a book as we see places on a map, but here is a genuine case of a young man converted by merely reading John's

Gospel. Too big for our elementary delightful to see God taking up these school, he went his own way in sin, Gentiles, and speaking with other lips but still clung to his copy of John as and a stammering tongue, stiff old a fetish. Then old Africa-the Africa phrases going into the melting-pot of of sin and sorrow-began to wind its negro mouths and being poured out in tentacles round him, and he was speed- fresh fluidity. "The Book of Acts,"

ily becoming the usual bleared-of-eye for instance, becomes "Words concern- negro to whom Jesus Christ is the ing Deeds"; "the Lord's Table" be- Great Unmentionable in his unhal- comes the "Feast of Memories," or lowed hut. But he was reckoning "Table of Tears" and as worship is without God and the Word of God. in the spirit they have cleverly coined which is not bound-did he not still the verb "to spirit" as the true ideal cling to his copy of John's Gospel? of approclch to God, for what but Watch the divine logic of events in- spirit can reach "The Spirit"? Per- volved in the treasure of a truth that ceive the astute negro at this most sen- "where the word of a king is, there sible word-coinage, for pepa is the is power." One day the gun-cotton verb "to spirit," just as, say, "a drink"

of John's Gospel came in contact with is a noun with "to drink" as its satel- the tinder of his rebellion, and this lite verb. Sensible all this surely, for K – – was literally exploded iq.to the otherwise you have a materialistic kingdom. For out from the .pages of negro ignoring the mere sight of his "John of the Bosom" came the as- eyeballs and talking away to nothing sertive call, "Follow Me!" and that one visible with shut eyes-he is "spirit- word rugged off the terrible tentacles ing," i. e., worshiping.

from his soul. K– can only explain Deep-sea sounding some of their his conversion in the quaintly choice happy thoughts are. "Eternity," for words: example, is called "the lifetime of God "I was startled to find that Christ Almighty," and the gift of Life Eter- could speak Chiluba. I heard Him nal is merely a pledge that they will speak out of the printed page, and live as long as God lives, eternal death what he said was, 'Follow Me!'" being "a dying as long as God is liv- . Then it was he entered the new era ing." When you, their white teacher, of reading the Old Book, for was it blunder along in your exposition, it is not a fact that now God was staring not uncommon to see a far-away look out at him from every page, and shout- on your hearers' faces, painfully sug- ing in his ears? Those rays of light gestive of the fact that they are all that darted out of Galilee long ago off on a scent of their own! For what have lit up these poor dark glens with to you may be a mere commonplace of gladness. Simply and satisfyingly a normal Christian thought-"Book of soul settles for eternity on the living Acts," for example-is to him full of Word of God. s'.eet, subtle suggestion – "Words An old negro chief from the South about Deeds"-a full current of new end has just sent in a message to his thought switched on.

brethren here, and there is the same Here it is we all learn how much ring of assurance as to the Word of we have yet to learn, every truth in God. "Tell my brethren at Luanza," Africa being like a bit of Labrador says he, "that Christ keeps me down spar-it has no luster as you turn it in here all alone by the gospel according your hand until you come to a particu- to Mark." Sterile tho the soil be, the lar angle, then it shows deep and seed is the Word of God: you may beautiful colors. But what if you miss count the apples on the tree, but who the said ang-Ie precisely when your can count the trees in the apples? You negro spies it? Thus, in Africa, what may tell the acorns on the oak, but not you do not say is often more eloquent the oaks in the acorn.' than your long, windy homily. Yes, Thick lips can drop pearls. It is black as coal everyone of them; yet,

YEAR OF LOVE IN CENTRAL AMERICA

after all, diamonds are made of soot, are all necessarily units of time, place, albeit the how, when, and where of the manner, and degree. miracle we may not know. Moreover, it doth not yet appear what this black Simple in strength and strong in land of ours shall be, but we know that simplicity, the best sort of Christian God with swift, silent steps can come young black delights to push out into and give the crystallizing touch that the adjacent hamlets with the gospel. makes the diamond flash out of the Far from being professional preachers, quondam soot. "Rags," the Arabs call they "talk" the gospel-a straight talk our black parishioners, forgetful of in his own town being more tantaliz- the fact that rags make the whitest ing to a raw negro than a hundred paper: so what man can do in the sermons. For in a sermon he knows paper line surely God can surpass in where he is (or rather, you do, for he souls. often nods), but these terribly per- sonal talks jog him into contrition. Quite a serious theologician the ne- After all, there is no need for shooting gro becomes, and here it is, greatly at sparrows with heavy artillery, and daring, he taps all the unsuspected Africa's true evangelization begins sources of language. In the things of when the simple negroes start to talk God this black Christian is in some about redeeming love among themsense a sort of negro Columbus setting selves. No English twang or mannerout to discover a new world of won- isms in that negro talk. With the der. His word for "heaven" is a converted African, Christ's mercy, like good example of the Luban's finesse the water in a vase, takes the shape and regard for detail, coupled with a of the vessel that holds it. Your conknowledge of sound philology. Shells stant joy is to hear in a foreign lingo we find on the beach, for pearls we some simple old fact of faith taking must dive, and most appropriately has a new meaning by one twist of the he dived for this great pearl-word negro tongue. "heaven"-is not each gate of the Glory a pearl? The plain philology of Here is an intelligent Chief who this word "Mwiuitt," then, gives you takes up the cudgels for his abandoned the meaning of "heaven" as "the enter- (?) race, and claims that if the gosing into all the highest times, and pel is realIy for everybody then they places, and manners, and methods of have as much right as we to an offer living life." This means that Chris- of the same. To meet his challenge, tians, as "the heavenly people," are, I read out the record of the impotent literally and not exaggeratingly, "the man at Bethesda, and venture to urge folks who enter into all the highest that here is onewho has the same complaces, plus the highest times, plus the plaint as ignored Africa: "Sir, I have very highest manners, plus the only no man." So we get the opening, and first-class methods of service, plus the advancing into the salvation of the highest designs and the highest subject I tell that tale of divine curecauses." . . . the cure of the man that had no man to help while others got the good No chance example this, as dozens things. Then we come to the point. of instances prove. Take another. If What I now want is an assurance from you quote the Psalm to him, "Our my petulant Chief that here at last times are in Thy hand," he will be he understands my drift. "Oh," he forced to translate it in the gorgeous said, "that is very simple: the 38words-HAll my life's why's and vears-sick-man is like unto our aban- ~loned Africa; the man said, I have when's and where's and wherefore's no man, but Christ said, I'm your are in God's hand!" The sane gram- 211011." mar of this is that particles of space

A THRILLING EXPERIENCE IN BAFFIN LAND*

BY W. G. BROUGHTON New work among the Eskimo of Baffin Land began in 1908 when, at the Rev. E. J. Peck's proposal, two missionaries, the Rev. J. W. Bilby and Mr. Fleming. were stationed at Ashe Inlet, Lake Harbour, a trading port of the Hudson's Bay Company. During the winter of 19II-12 six Eskimo were baptized, two converts offered themselves as Bible women, and there are now eight candidates for baptism.

Mr. W. G. Broughton, who has succeeded Mr. Fleming as Mr. Bilby's colleague, a former student at WycIiffe Hall, Toronto, recently came to England for treatment of injuries received from severe frost bite. Almost miraculously his life was preserved through terrible experiences on one of his itinerating journeys. The Eskimo tribe, among whom he has been laboring, differ largely in many ways from others previously evan- gelized.

1W1· ORK among the Eski- Later on I determined to make an- rna at Lake Harbour is other tour, this time to the south of Icy Cape, and took the opportunity of both easy and hard. joining a sleigh party going thither for dogs' food, as a cheaper method We go to a people than hiring a special team. Un- happily the guides were only boys, . who receive us with who proved to be unfamiliar with that part of the coast. After four open arms, who have hours' traveling great hummocks of ice and open sea obstructed progress, few legends, no idols and an inland route had to be taken which proved highly dangerous. of wood or stone, no heathen literature The track was like that of a scenic railway; the dogs' traces fouled, the to set their minds against the gospel. dogs howled instead of pulling, and the sleigh frequently pitched down But the flock is scattered over a vast an incline and landed bottom up in spite of every effort to keep it area, and there are no fewer than upright.

13 widely separated settlements, so We stopt for the day at 7 P. M.; two hours later our iglo was built that we must travel extensively. and by II P. M. we got our first warm drink since early morning, our In the fall of 19 II, before the thermos bottle unfortunately having been broken early in the winter. The Eskimo left us for their winter homes, next day brought us on to a coast track. We were driven before a bit- I asked Mary, the Bible woman, to terly cold wind, and the iglo, built with inferior snow on the salt water send in two teams of dogs for us in ice, was poor shelter indeed, no better than an old basket. That day, too, January and we would spend a month the hungry dogs made a raid on the blubber packed on the sleigh for oil with her tribe. . . On January and food, and I had to content my- self with one biscuit for supper in the 29 we started for a place 90 miles clark. north, and we arrived five days after- On arrival at Kinilingse, we were ward. I visited three stations con- received with open arms. Oh, the longing of these poor benighted peo- taining 155 souls, 70 of whom were ple for the gospel! Two services with Mary, who had a very large iglo (snow house) built especially for services. As many as 45 adults were in it at one time, and momentarily I expected the roof to fall in, because every night the iglo was considerably thinner and repeatedly had to be patched up. Ve were packed like sardines. The smoky lamps and skin clothing, aided by the animal heat of so many people who had never had a bath in .their lives, made it rather uncomfortable; but we did not mind so long as we got the peo- ple 1 They are very docile and most anxious for instruction. I have never met an Eskimo who refused to be taught.

* From The Church Missionary Gle-aner. were held on Sunday and three on trasted by the darkness of the night. Monday, On Tuesday we reluctantly The wind changed to the north at left this flock to return to Lake Har- sunset. The moon strove to force bour in order to begin a fresh itiner- her light through the fast gathering clouds, but was visible only for a ating journey some 200 miles north. short period. It was a glorious spring morning; the sun high in the heavens shone on .Walking now was very difficult; in the dazzling wilderness, making it al- fact, I was often crawling. Unconmost impossible for me to keep my sciously I had come up to one of eyes open. As usual, I started for three small islands scattered along my morning walk while the boys the coast, and had climbed among the were lashing up the sleighs, leaving tidal ice in such a way as to meet my furs, with the exception of a obstruction in either direction. Twice small summer deerskin coat, with the I put my foot in the water in the load. It seemed warm, tho really be- pools along the shore, so I decided I low zero 1 There were many tracks had better get on the land and stop one might follow, but I chose that for the night. which appeared to be most recent. About noon the track took a sudden On reaching the top of the ice I turn into the land, which did not sur- fell down just beside three pieces of prize me, as we had traveled about rock so embedded as to form an ideal 12 hours overland on the outward bed. . I dug out the snow between journey. them with my feet, and made it deep As I trudged along my interest was enough to shelter me from the winds claimed by the various tracks about and snow, which was now falling. me, my thought rambling over what My mitts and cap I sat on; circumight happen if one spent a night lation and warmth were kept up by out in such an inhospitable country rocking to and fro in a see-saw mowithout shelter. Suddenly I seemed as one awakened out of sleep, and, tion. I kept my feet warm by either what is more, to realize my position. getting up and dancing or kicking the snow at the bottom of the bed. I It was 3 P. M. Perhaps I was miles had no fear, because these words away from the sleighs; possibly on were constantly in my mind: "He a wrong track, and lost. will take care of you.'

Climbing the nearest peak near me, At half-past three the next morn- I discovered the coast was about ing I started again for the track, three miles westward, and that I had hoping to catch up with the Eskimo followed the track of a man who before they commenced the day's run.

had gone deer hunting. This I knew The tracks were v.ery difficult to fol- because I found his iglo where he low, owing to the fall of snow dur- had slept. There was only one thing ing the night. However, I followed to do, to get to the coast before dark. them to the land.

What a struggle it was; how those At sunrise the wind again went to grinning rocks and hills mocked me! the northwest and blew hard. The Already I had walked seven hours in thermometer fell to about 20 below the soft snow, and felt tired out. I zero. About 6 A. M. I was seized reached the coast two hours before with acute hunger, a hunger only ex- sunset. There was nO difficulty in perienced by those who travel in finding the guides' tracks. They were Arctic regions. The only edible ahead, but how far I knew not. If things I saw were the snow and my they built an iglo on the ice I would deerskin coat. I got off a strip from be able to see their light through the the sleeve, scraped the hair from it cracks. So with this thought in mind the best way I could, and tried to I walked on long after dark. The swallow it with snow flavored with brightness of the day was only con- saccharine. Six mouthfuls were all I

could manage, but I confess they My coat for a time I put over my diminished the craving for food. legs, but the wind pierced through my other clothing as tho it was mus- Breakfast being ended, I resumed lin. My feet were frozen too hard my journey. About 7 o'clock I found either to stand or walk. the course I was pursuing was leading me to open water, so turned When it was light enough to make toward the land again. Soon another out the land, I climbed on hands and obstacle came across my path. The knees to the top of a peak to look ice had broken and there was a nar- for the coast. Less than half a mile row stream of water with thin ice in front of me was the Cape. Gathereither side of it cutting off my re- ing up all the energy I had left, I treat to the shore. Being very tired, prest on, scarcely able to walk ten and not knowing how far it extended paces without falling down. This was back, I tried to jump across. Tho a blessing in disguise, because it the opening was only four feet in stopt my hands from freezing badly. width I failed, being too stiff with At five o'clock I reached the iglos, cold, and went through the thin ice almost blind and in great agony. up to my waist. I had just enough vitality left to My first thought was, "I am done tell a man to go to the Mission, 20 for now," but that other thought, miles away, for food and stimulant. "He wiII carry you through," crowded Then I became unconscious for 12 it out. My hunger and weariness hours, and when I came to I found were forgotten, a new life seemed to that the Eskimo had been thawing seize me. I could walk all day. I my body with the warmth of their must do so to keep from freezing. own hands and bodies! My right boot had frozen so hard while I was wringing out my stock- In a few days my sight returned; ing that I could only put it half on, three weeks later I helped my assistand in this condition I walked all ant to cut off my toes and operated day. internally on myself. And after three more weeks I began my work again, At two o'clock in the afternoon I holding the services from my bed. came to the end of the rough ice and It was two months before I could knew that I was only four hours, on stand, and then on a pair of exthe sleigh, from the Eskimo settle- temporized crutches I started once ment Cape. At sunset I was still far more to visit the people. from safety. I did not wish to pass the Cape in the dark, so sought shel- It was a brave struggle, but finally ter till daylight. I can not describe Mr. Broughton had to be brought in that awful night, how I looked in a suffering condition to England for vain for a friendly rock to shelter me proper surgical treatment, for which he from that bitter wind. My mitts had had to wait six months. His spared were frozen too hard to put on, so life he hopes to devote once more to I used them with my cap for a seat. the evangelization of the Baffin Land Eskimo.-EDIToR.

ARCTIC TRAVEL-A PARABLE Peary, the Arctic explorer, on ODe occasion when ~e supposed th~t he was travelipg pole. ward at the rate of ten miles a day, found that the Ice floe on which he was. mOVIng, ~as itself drifting toward the Equator at the rate of twelve miles a day. He w.as, In fa~t, .dally being borne backward at the rate of two miles a day. He would not have discovered It 1£ he had not looked skyward to take his bearings. .

Everything may depend on our method of reckonmg progress and on our heaven}y ga,ze.

He who looks downward, or only on the earthly level, may even. suppose that he IS gOing forward, when he is iII reality going backward; b,:"t he :vho keeps hIS eyes on G?d, and takes his reckoning by celestial standards is sure of hiS p~sltl0n and has a safe gUlde. . On the worldly level there are no perfect and a.bsol,utely relt~ble landmarks; our observatIOns and experiences need to be corrected by celestial mterpretatIons.

EDITORIALS

IS THE CHURCH AWAKE? heralds of the gospel. None will '" N ot OW it is high time to awake out of sleep," says the Apostle cIeny the need at home, but it is great in spite great opportunity Paul. May not the same words be to. b.ear to good tidings, while among millions of people there is no mesu.sed of the Church to-day? The signs of sleep and drowsiness are the senger to preach. ~aIl!-e in physical and in spiritual life: . The ~resbyterian Church (South) mdlfference to surroundings; a desire IS entenng on a campaign to secure to be comfortable and quiet and to . $I,OOO,ooo for foreign missions, and the Presbyterian Church (North) is be left al.one; a disregard of present engaged in a China centenary cam- ?PP?rtu.mty and responsibility; a dis- paign to increase its force and its mclInation to effort, deafness and equipment in the world's greatest regeneral dulness of perception. publIc. Other boards and societies Is not this the case with many in the are making great efforts to avoid or Church? There are innumerable signs to make up deficits and to advance rather than retreat. God is calling that the opportunities for missionary for advance and He is preparing the advance were never so great as today. Never before were so many way. Is the Church awake and ready to follow or has the oil given out dinooCrhs~noap,einn to the gospel-in Africa and the drowsiness of indifference Korea, in India, in South settled over the majority of those AmerIca and in many Moslem lands an eagerness to hear the missionary who should be awake and active? This is a question to be answered by me~s~ge has. replaced determined op- each one individually, rather than each one for his neighbor. posItIon or Indifference. There is a loud call for Christian atenadchweors~ Rev. Mark Matthew, D.D., expreachers, physicians, men moderator Presbyterian Assembly, n:en, ?ut the vast majority of Christians In the home churches are more intent on pleasure and business than also asks the question: "Are Our Churches Asleep on the Battle Field?" on responding to the call of God to He replies in Men and Missions: advance. The Church at home, also, has "Men have forgotten everything except the dollar. Materialism, selfishgreater material resources for the ness, love of ease, avarice and idolc~mpaign than ever before. God has atry control in politics, society, com- merce, and even in the realm of regiven wealth to those who profess ligion the footprints of their unholy to be followers and bond-slaves of Christ. Som.e?f these give largely feet may be seen. . . . and self-sacnficIngly to extend their Master's kingdom and to relieve the to "Let the churches aawndakce~urbaegetoruuse distress of His needy ones, but the their posts of duty vast majority have yet to learn the first principles of stewardship. The in their fight for righteousness and power and the joy of consecrated for the extension of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ."

gifts, large and small, are as yet un- AN ANSWER TO CRITICS known to them. Have they taken a MISSIONARIES are not criticized gold or silver opiate to lull their senses to sleep? as harshly or as generally as The Church at home was never they were fifteen years abO~'oe~ because the light of publicity has thrown so able to spare young men and on their work and men know more young women to go out as advance of the value of their efforts. Edward

J. Dingle, who has traveled exten- hardships, living sometimes on maize meal for weeks at a stretch-literally sively in China, recently wrote a let- living the life of an almost unknown ter to the Shanghai Mercury, which people-if he wanted to have a good effectively answers ignorant or prej u- and easy time of it? Surely, this diced criticisms upon missionaries and man, well educated and fitted to take their work. What he has forcibly a stand among other men in the stated in regard to China is true of stream of the world's life, would not other lands as well. He says: come into the interior of China. Apart from that, the missionary in Interior "I have no ax to grind. I merely China is the greatest unpaid com- state what I know to be true. I have mercial agent that we have and no traveled 'Some 7,000 miles in China other class of people have done more, during the last two years, have lived nor anywhere near as much, to mod- with missionaries, and am thoroughly ernize China and for the establish- conversant with the nature of their ment in China of a Christian con- work. science."

"When I came to China, I had no ILLNESS OF DR. MEYER sympathy with missions and could never be induced to believe that much T HE prayers of Christian friends good could come of mission work in are asked for our friend and co- China. I have since met missionaries editor, Dr. Louis Meyer, who for the in all parts of this empire, have seen past six months has been seeking rest all softs and conditions, have heard and restoration to health in a sanato- the beliefs Vi hich they teach, and am rium in Southern California. As a closely acquainted with the evangel- lecturer on the Bible and missions, istic, educational and medical side of as a writer on many subjects, as many mission stations. I have also editor of Ftmdamentals, and as co- traveled in isolated parts of Western editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, China, accompanying missionaries on Dr. Meyer has done a great work and their itinerations in work among a has exerted a mighty influence for people which to-day are numbered the advancement of the Kingdom of among the poorest of all the peoples Christ. Illness was brought on by found in China. N ever have I found overwork and constant traveling. Dr. a missionary in Interior China whose Meyer knows not how to spare him- life· and teaching did not impress the self and has been indefatigable and . people who came near to him that he self-forgetful in his efforts to serve was a man of truth-not the prince God and his fellowmen. We make of liars, as Sir Hiram Maxim (who these facts known that Christian has never been in inland China) friends may remember him and his would have us believe. beloved family in prayer.

"We mayor we may not agree with REMOVAL the Christianizing of China-I person- aU), do with aU my heart-but there T HE offices of THE MISSIONARY is only one opinion on missionaries- REVIEW OF THE WORLD, which real missionaries. men who literally has been for some years in the Mer- lay down their lives to teach what cantile Building, 44-60 East 23rd tlley believe to be true. Street, were removed on June 4 to the Hess Building, 354-360 Fourth "The statement that missionaries Avenue, New York. Further infor- mation in regard to communications are better off than they would be at for the editorial, advertising and subhome, I repudiate in toto as it affects scription departments, will be found the people as a class. Would you on table of contents page (inside of imagine a man with a university edu- front cover). cation jumping into Chinese clothes, and going out into the unsurveyed. isolated mountainous districts of Yunnan and Szechuan, daily enduring

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MISSIONARY NEWS THE ISLAND WORLD every village family worship is the rule; almost everyone has some The Population of Fiji knowledge of the religion of Christ, and very few Fijians, between in- T HE total population of the group, fancy and middle life, are unable to including the island of Rotuma, read and write. lying some 300 miles north of Fiji, was, on the night when the census "More than a third of the whole was taken, 139,541. As compared Fijian popUlation are enrolled as with the last enumeration this shows members of the Wesleyan Methodist an increase of 19,417 persons. The Church, about eight out of nine of following are the totals of the several the people declaring themselves to be nationalities that make up the above Methodists in the census of 191 I. figures: Many Fijians are as genuinely Chris- tians as any of us. Many are not so, Europeans and other whites ….. . 3,707 and it is not surprizing, in view of their history, that the moral tone of Half-castes …………………. . 2,401 the community is stilI far below per- Chinese and others ………….. . fection. An immense amount of work Polynesians ………………… . 1,1l7 has been done by the missionary workers in Fiji, and wonderful re- Indians ……………………. . 2,758 sults have been achieved; more re- 40,286 mains to be done in teaching and Fijians ……………………… . 87,0g6 training the people who grow up in Rotumans ………………….. . 2,176 our schools and churches that they may become faithful followers of the 139,541 Lord JeSl1S. In spite of their stalwart During the la&t ten years, Indians have been introduced into the coun- condition, the Fijian race has dwintry at the rate of 2,316 per annum, dled away seriously, and some obwhile only 482 have returned to In- servers predict their extermination. dia each year. Remarking on the Thev are much too fine a people for foregoing figures, the Fiji Times that, and there are signs of change. says: "The abnormal increase of In- We may fairly look forward to indians, if continued, will need to be crease ere long." inquired into by the government. In the interests of the country it should Results in Micronesia not be allowed to go on unless the restrictions to which planters are sub- A FTER 13 years of service at ject be greatly minimized." Nauru, a small island in the MarshaII Group of Micronesia, Rev. The Fiji of 'fo-day Mr. Delaporte, American Board mis- sionary, reports that 13 years ago A RECENT visitor reports as fol- they were fortunate if 50 people came lows: "We liked the Fijian peo- to the service, but to-day they count pIe; they are genial, kindly and good- often 1,100 on a Sabbath morning. natured, full of fun and always ready Then not one could read or write: for a joke. This amiability was in fact the N aurtt language had not rather surprizing in view of the na- yet been put into writing. To-day tional history, which is ghastly there could not be found on the enough 1 Within the memory of many island a man or woman under 40 of us Fiji was preeminent for the years of age who is not able to read. wanton cruelty of its barbarism. We The 225 children in the schools are saw men and women who lived in taught in two languages, N aunt and 'the bad old days' and were no better than their neighbors. To-day Fiji is nominally a Christian land; in

German; all these scholars are in o'peration. Th~ Bapt!st, Congregathe Sunday-schools. Three native t!onal, Methochst, EpIscopal, Christeachers, graduates of the mission tIan, and Presbyterian Churches joined training-school, give valued assistance in the Evangelical Union, the whole in making clean and true Christian territory was apportioned, and the men and women out of this large most notable effort made so far in company of children. Not only has the direction of comity in the foreign the Nauru speech been put into writ- field was crowned with splendid sucing, but the people have now in their cess. The missionary schools and inpossession a Nauru translation of the stitutions, the hospitals and dispen- New Testament and Psalms besides a saries, the churches and the chapels, hymn-book and a number of school- scattered over the islands in the archibooks. One of the finest church pelago to-day tell the story of the buildings in Micronesia has been put triumphant progress of the gospel in up at a cost of $4,000, three-fourths the Philippines. of this sum being contributed by the poor people themselves, who have Answers to Prayer in Papua R now provided another $1,000 to fur- EV. C. F. RICH, the L. M. S. missionary at Isuleilei, in the isnish the building with seats.

Presbyterianism in the Philippine. land of Papua, writes that December I, 19I2, was the greatest day of their T WO weeks after the victory in missionary lives, for there were over Manila Bay the General As- 600 people at the services, and he sembly of the Presbyterian Church baptized 150 adults and 20 children.

authorized the Board of Foreign Mis- One old man from Suau had the sions to begin the work of preaching name of being a great sorcerer, and the gospel in the Philippines. Rev. in baptizing him a new name "Nau- James B. Rodgers, D.D., was the bui," was given him, which means "a first Protestant resident missionary, changed mind."

and he preached his first sermon on "The number baptized during this May 6, 1889. Up to the time of the present revival by no means repre- American occupation a person risked sents the end of the movement, for his life by offering a Bible fC!r sale there are many both here on Isuleilei anywhere in the archipelago. Now itself, and in the villages close to the Presbyterian Church alone has tiS, who are wanting to take a similar over 12,000 communicants; 63 step. In several of the out-stations, churches, many of them built entirely too, the teachers are instructing a by the contributions of the members; number of young people who have about 44 missionaries, and 300 Fili- asked for admis&ion to the Church.

pino ministers, teachers, and other This movement ha:s come so spon- religious workers. taneously, so unexpectedly, as to Since the occupation the United astound us, and through these days I States Government has established have been led to think that the pray- religious freedom, released the un- ers of many friends have arisen for justly imprisoned, instituted courts our work; being offered in faith and of justice, segregated the lepers, prac- love they have been heard and ans- tically banished plague and cholera, wered by Him to whom all praise made a common school education pos- and glory is due."

sible· for all, built roads, and by AMERICA countless other means has improved the condition of the country and its An Annual Home Mission Week inhabitants. HOME MISSION WEEK is to be At the same time, the different an annual institution according to Boards of Foreign Missions have the vote of the Home Mission Coun- worked together in splendid co- cil, representing 27 home mission

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l)liards. Its success last November sible amI it is through these regular 1 as due to the methods ' hich the channels that the results of Home .Men and l{eligion Movement had al- jj ission Week are making themselves ready made familiar-interdenomina- known. tional effort, compact organization, and extensive publicity. The efforts Army and Navy Chaplains Needed of the various denominations were focused in a central office, which ar- THERE is reason to hope that the ranged in hundreds of cities for local present administration will take committees. These were responsible up seriously the question of the infor the daily meetings in the city adequacy of the present number of churches, and for the organization of chaplains in the United States army the work in neighboring towns. and navy. A committee of the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ The central office had charge of the in America recently interviewed very effective publicity work which President Vilson, the Secretary of was done. For three months before Val-, and the Secretary of the Navy, Home Mission Week itself, a pre- urging immediate attention to the liminary campaign was conducted. matter. There are now only 67 army Special articles were syndicated to chaplains for over 95,000 men, and the religious and general press all 2 I chaplains in the navy to care for over the country, including 350 labor about 53,000 officers and men. "The papers. j;'ecleral Council of the Churches of Christ in America believes that we Six hundred thousand posters 22X should make provision for one chap- 28 inches, dealing with modern Home lain for each battleship and cruiser, Mission problems, were sent to the for each 5choolship and navy yard, Protestant ministers of America. Sets and also one for each occupied army of ]2 were also furnished to all col- ]lost. Ne also believe that the proleges and universities, all the theolog- viding of chaplains ought not to be ical seminaries, and all of the Young treated as a mere matter of denom- Men's and Young Vomen's Chris- inational proportion in an effort to tian Associations in this country, distribute offices among the various making a total of something like Christian bodies, but rather in the 1,300 sets for this special purpose. A interest of providing adequate moral million leaflets of various kinds were influence and spiritual help." issued during the campaign. Mission study classes were organized in many A Student Pledge to a Godly Life churches during the preliminary period, with the cooperation of the Mis- T HE Christian Association of the sionary Education Movement. University of Pennsylvania has 482 members who have taken the fol- The special literature prepared by lowing pledge: "It is my purpose as the central office was distributed from a university man, receiving Jesus the denominational Horne Missionary Christ as my Lord and God, to live headquarters, and while the central a consistent Christian life as I underoffice answered thousands of letters stand it to be set forth in the Bible." from individual churches, in the main The association has control of the the denominational boards kept in chapel exercises, the University Settleclosest touch with the churches en- ment in Philadelphia, and the Uni- Rag-ed in the campaign. Throughout versity Medical College in Canton, the entire period it was sought to link China. Twenty-four Bible study 11p the churches and the boards which classes are maintained; several mis' would, in the nature of the case, be sion study classes, 6 classes for incompelled to 'wrk together after the struction of immigrants in English, a campaign had been concluded. There- student employment bureau, and the fore, the organized machinery of the frif>ndly care of foreign students at boards was disturbed as little as pos-

the university. For the care of this -II7,OOO—are in Oklahoma, where varied work an annual budget of the Five Civilized Tribes have so long $34,000 is required. resided. The next largest settlement east of the Rockies is in the Dakotas, Dr. Janvier to Return to India where there are 28,000 Sioux. Min- DR. C. A. R. JANVIER, pastor of nesota has 11,000, and Montana the Holland Memorial Presby- IO,OOO, made up of Crows, Blackfeet, terian Church in Philadeiphia, has ac- Cheyennes and Flatheads. Between cepted the presidency of the AlIa- the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra . habad Christian College. Dr. Janvier is a missionary by inheritance, by Nevada there are 71,000, 57,000 of temperament, and by training. His these being in New Mexico and Ari- grandfather was Theophilus Parvin, zona, among whom are 30,000 Nava- a missionary to the Argentine Con- jos, who have a reservation about the size of Pennsylvania. The chief res- federation. His son, Ernest Janvier, ervations east of the Mississippi Riv- is a fourth generation missionary. Hi!'. father, Rev. Levi Janvier, was a er are in Michigan and Wisconsin. missionary of the Presbyterian Board where there are 17,000 Indians, most- ly Chippewas, and in New York at Ludhiana, India, and was mur- State, where the descendants of the dered at Sabathu. The son's earliest Iroquois, in number 5.476, live on memories are of India (altho he was six reservations under one agent. The born in Abington, Pennsylvania, in reservations in Maine, South Caro- 1861), and he recalls Sir John Law- rence and Sir Herbert Edwards as lina, North Carolina and Florida have only a few hundreds on them.

guests at his father's home.

The cause of Allahabad Christian The Bible for the Eskimo College, which was started in 1900 at T the suggestion of Dr. Janvier, who HE Eskimo race exists to-day in scattered settlements along the was then in charge of the mission high-school at Allahabad, has ever Arctic shores of North America.

been closest to his heart. Around a For these people the Bible Society great banyan tree, one of the finest has published translations of Holy in all India, have been erected the Scripture in three different Eskimo buildings of this college, which now dialects. The Eskimo in Greenland has 1,100 men on its campus, 300 of were first evangelized in the early whom are of college grade, the others eighteenth century by Danish and being in the preparatory department. Moravian missionaries. Among the The interest of Princeton alumni was Eskimo of Labrador, the Moravian secured by Dr. Janvier, and they Brethren have also long carried on erected the Princeton building. The successful missionary work. Among financing of this work is a Herculean· the Eskimo in Alaska there is a mis- task. The burden hastened the death sion of the Russian Orthodox Church of Dr. Arthur H. Ewing, the head of besides Protestant missions from the the college, and now Dr. Janvier has United States. The British and For- accepted the call to the land and the eign Bible Society has published the city of his love. He will be the head New Testament, and part of the Old; of the Arthur H. Ewing College, as in Greenland Eskimo, and the entire the institution is now called. Bible in Labrador Eskimo. Both Our Indian Population these versions are printed in roman character. For the Eskimo in Baffin T HERE are 323,000 Indians in the Land this society has published the United States by the latest re- New Testament and the book of turns. The great body of Indians live Genesis itt the dialect known as between the Mississippi and the Rock- Baffin Land Eskimo, printed in syl- ies. One-third of the whole number labic character.

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Good News From Alaska tuned to ller cry of distress, with a vision of her tremendous possibilities T HE Moravians have been labor- for the future. ing in Alaska faithfully for 25 years. The Lord gave the increase, "China is at the parting of the and I,04I Christians had been gath- ways. She stands on the edge of the ered around the missionaries on Jan- right road. But just how to go foruary I, I9I2. Then a remarkable ward, just how to meet and pass over revival took place and, according to the jagged obstructions that 100m up the reports recently published, the before her-these are the things that number of Christians increased to she wants to know. Some of these. 1,250 within four months. This in- obstructions have been there a long, crease consisted of I58 heathen (in- long time, and we are responsible for cluding 63 children), who were bap- them. Others were put in our path tized, of 25 persons who came from by hostile forces, outside influence. the Greek Orthodox Church, and of Please pray for them too. 26 children of Christian parents. "Our cry now is for inspiration and Buddhist Missionaries Jctive guidance that will enable us to dis- tinguish the real from the unreal, to T HE Buddhists have established follow the teachings of our friends many missions for their people and to shun the bad advice of our on the Pacific Coast. They are doing enemie&, to set firm as a big stone a all in their power to keep their peo- genuine and not a playhouse republic ple from slipping away from this the to lead the Chinese people into a day strongest of their national religions. that will last forever, a day whose The Japanese are very susceptible to brightness will benefit foreigners, Tikindness; and, if our people would betans and Mongolians as well as only be true to what they profess to Chinese. believe in regard to the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, it "To do all this we feel the need of would be comparatively easy to lead help such as is not within human them to Jesus. There never was any- power to give. We appeal to the where a better opportunity for mis- Great Spirit who has so fittingly been sion work than right here in Califor- called the Supreme Architect of the nia. If the Christians connected with Universe. God was the confidant, our various Protestant churches will the guide of Washington, of Lincoln, but welcome these strangers from the of Gladstone, of Queen Victoria. other side of the Pacific to their fel- Through you we would invoke His lowship, it may not be necessary long blessings upon our great undertakto continue denominational missions ing." for the Japanese upon the coast. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN One Oh.ervance of China's Day of The World's Y. M. C. A.'s Work Prayer T HE newly published statistics of C HINA'S Day of Prayer was ob- the World's Y. M. C. A. Alhance served in Knox Church, Mon- show that during the past year there treal, by an impressive service, which has been an increase of 62 associabegan with the baptism of four Chi- tions, 500 whole-time officers, and nese. A remarkable letter was read 50,000 members. The total number from Lu Ping Tien, Chinese Consul- of associations is thus 8,584, employ- General for the Dominion of Canada, ing nearly 4,500 whole-time workers, in the course of which he said: and embracing a total membership (including juniors) of 1,100,530. "As you lift up your voices unto Two hundred additional buildings the Lord in behalf of China, I beg of were brought into service for Y. M. you to do so with a knowledge of her C. A. purposes during 1912, bringing present difficulties, with a heart at- the number to over 1,500 in all.

Strangers in England Tu this end, let us pray that these Tibetan visitors may learn the secret I N the colleges of London alone of the highest education, the gospel there are 1,200 students who come of Christ, and carry back with them from India, China, Japan, or Africa. the Good News of salvation through To these may be added others scat- faith in His Name.-London Christered throughout England. The time tian. which these students spend in England decides, in most cases, their Jews in Russia attitude toward the Christian religion for the rest of their lives. A writer T HE unhappy spirit that still prein The Stt.dent Movement for March, vails in some quarters in Russia referring to these students, writes: is only too forcefully revealed by the "They seek friendship, and they too electoral manifesto issued by the often meet with disdain. They look President of the Monarchist Union for an answer to life's loneliness in of that benighted land. The manithe sky, and we bid them find it in festo insists on the necessity of the street. But the tragedy is more "eradicating the Jewish excrescence than personal-it is universal; for deeply incrustated on the body of the back to the East these men go as Russian people"; and it demands the guides to growing natures. What if "exclusion of Jews from all civil and the guides be blind? The stranger military employment by the State in passing from me through the garish order that they shall have no opporstreet into the darkness will one day tunity of demoralizing, poisoning, or rule a home, and little children will oppressing the people, pending their be his. We, by our attitude to him, total expulsion fro111 Russia." It have molded their destinies. Two urges, further, that there should be thousand strangers, heralds to the no Jewish judges, advocates, or jury- East for weal or woe? The answer men; Jewish doctors should not be is in our keeping." allowed to attend Christians, and no Jews should be allowed to become Tibetans in England chemists! The insinuation of mur- derous intent on the part of Jews is T HE visit to this country of some particularly disingenuous, and is ob- Tibetan youths to receive an En- viously an attempt to stir up the comglish education is an incident of more mon people against them for their than passing interest. With them destruction. But God is upon the have come also a Tibetan officer and throne; let Israel still take heart. his wife, and a deputy-superintendent in Bengal and his son. We have seen Methodism in Austria in China the far-reaching results of a similar step taken by Chinese stu- UPON the door of the Methodist dents, men who are nOw at the head Mission Hall in Vienna, is the of affairs in their native land, and, inscription, "Only for Invited Guests." better still, some of them professing The reason is not found in the fact active faith in Christ. The forbidding that the Methodist Church desires attitude of Tibet toward foreigners only a selected audience, but because has earned for it the title of "the liberty of worship is not yet granted closed land"; she has scorned the to Protestants in Roman Catholic blandishments of international diplo- Vienna, and the Protestant missionary macy, and Christian missionaries have can not advertise his services generknocked at her gates in vain. May ally. So would it be in this and every it not be that the God of love has land should the Roman Catholic other plans for her evangelization- Church gain political control. So has even to use some of her own people it always been when Rome has ruled. to carry the gospel into her midst?

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MOSLEM LANDS been expelled from their station by the Greeks, and forced to withdraw Foes Meet and Mingle in Mission Schools to Salonica, after having been very active in relief work in Kortcha and T HE mission schools bring together the surrounding villages. On one oc- in surprizingly friendly relations casion he met in a mountain village representatives of nationalities that some young men who had been in are at enmity. Vhile the Bulgarians America, having worked in the roundwere fighting against the Turks a few house at Indianapolis. Recently he weeks ago, in a school not many was arrested by some soldiers and miles away in Turkey, Turkish, Ar- brought back to Kortcha to be menian, Greek, and other girls were searched by the chief military officer, sewing for soldiers that were fight- who said that reports had come to ing the Greeks. While they sewed, him that the missionary was doing they joined in singing "The Star- political work, writing names of Al- Spangled Banner" and other songs banians who wish autonomy. Mr. learned in the school. Kennedy denied the charges, and in- vited the official to visit his home and I Moslem College Girls school, and understand more dearlv N a recent letter to the friends of the character of the work carried o~ Constantinople College, the princi- by the American Board. In the last pal tells of two especially interesting letter received before the news came Moslem girls, who are among the by cable of his withdrawal from his students. One, who is in the Fresh- station, he wrote: "Our school is man class, is 20 years of age, and undisturbed, but a guard watches to was three years in the preparatory see who attends our Sabbath services. department before entering the col- It will be a relief to us when political lege. Her ambition is a medical conditions are settled." course in the United States, and she is preparing herself by taking all the The Population of Persia biology, chemistry and physiology that the college offers. She is an A FACT not generally known but excellent student. The other Moham- having a real bearing on the probmedan girl is in the Junior class. lem of maintaining order in Persia She remarked not long ago, "If the is the sparseness of its population. Turks had begun sending young men Nat long ago a native estimate quoted and women to Robert College and by Sir John Malcolm was given as Constantinople College when the Bul- 200,000,000. The French traveler of garians did, we would not have been the 17th century, Chardin, put it as beaten in this war." Her father now 40,000,000. But the estimates made lives in Browsa, where his gratitude by Europeans in 1894 reduced it to has been greatly excited by all that 9,000,000; and recently the Teheran American relief work under our Red correspondent of the London Times Cross Society is doing for the refu- declared that there were good reasons gees there, and he recently remarked for putting the total as low as 4,000,- that he would like to fill Asia Minor 000 or less. This is a return to the with American schools. Asia Minor figures given by Mr. R. Thomson, a may be filled with schools on the careful investigator, some years ago. American plan, and carried on by If there are less than 4,000,000 of American methods, if the plan for a people scattered over more than school of education connected with 625,000 square miles of territory, the college can be carried out. there are vast stretches where the maintenance of order must be as diffi- A By·Product of the Balkan War cult as it is in the center of Arabia. For it is not in the densely populated REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. districts that the troubles have usually KENNEDY, American Board missionaries in Southern Albania, have

broken out, but among the nomad Social Legislation in India tribes of the wilds. FOUR bills introduced into the It is an encouraging sign that the Imperial Legislative Council in government has exprest its willing- 1912 strike at the very root of Inness to grant a concession for a rail- dia's most pressing needs, and show road in Northern Persia to a Russian the stirrings of a social conscience. company, and a similar concession It is of special significance that in Southern Persia to a British firm. three of these bills were introduced Railroads are great civilizers; but by Indians, and the fourth by an here, as in the case of the proposed Eurasian. The first, on universal primary education, while impossible loan of $2,000,000, the Mejlis must of enactment, has stirred the whole country, and already the government ratify the agreements. If Persia can has voted to increase immediately the be developed through foreign capital, number of secondary schools from and with foreign protection, it should 120,000 to 210,000. The second bill, regain to some extent its ancient legalizing marriages between Hindus wealth and splendor. But its day as of different castes and persons of an independent Moslem power is over. different religions, voices the sullen undertone of protest against the ty- INDIA ranny of caste. Another restricts the hours of child labor, and limits the T India's Christians at Work working day to 12 hours. The most HE adult Christians in Ahmed- significant bill of all affords greater nagar, India, have been organ- protection to girls under 16 years of ized in a League of Service, promis- age, and to women. The native State ing to undertake some regular Chris- of Mysore has already abolished the tian service outside their routine dancing girls from all its temples, and duties. Each member joins the com- the passage of this bill by the Immittee whose work appeals to him or perial Council would begin to remove her. One committee undertakes to one of the most terrible blots on the visit the sick, both Christian and pages of Hinduism. Hindu, and bring them Christian literature, another conducts regularly A Mission Centenary in Ceylon weekly services in ten different places where the poorer Christians live, try- J T was in 18 12 that r the first mising to bring them into closer touch s ionary wo k in Ceylon, with the church. Several others hold star ted musical, preaching, and lantern services in many sections of the city, in and the celebration of the centenary the weekly bazaar and in surrounding villages, especially for non-Christians. of the mission evoked great enthusi- Another committee does organized personal work. In all, 12 groups asm among the Singhalese churches. have been actively at work throughout the year, with a total working The special services, conducted by membership of about 60. They meet every Sunday morning at 7 o'clock the Indian secretary, Rev. Herbert for prayer for the week's work. Once a month a public meeting is held at Anderson, were much blest. A fund which the various committees tell of their efforts. Some have been led to for the extension of the mission seek baptism through these services and the total result has been far- school work was raised in Ceylon. reaching for good both in the Christian community and among the non- amounting to £ 1,000, which repre- Christians. sents very generous giving on the part of the Christians. A centenary volume has been published from the pen of the Rev. J. A. Ewing. The president of the Ceylon Baptist Union for this year is a Singhalese lay member of one of the churches in Colombo.

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The Marathi Mission Centenary there are oilly 273 college women in all India. T HE opening of the Marathi Mis- sion of the American Board is High schools and schools of special to be commemorated in November instruction open to women are as fol- by appropriate exercises in both Ah- lows: 112 high schools, with about mednagar and Bombay. The Indian 2,000 pupils in the "high" stage of Olristian community is making ex- study; 8 medical schools with 168 tensive plans to raise a large fund as students; 63 training-schools for teach- a thank-offering, and to carryon an ers with I,278 pupils, and several evangelistic campaign. commercial schools with 74 pupils. Thus there are at least 5,000 The main objects for which the women – school girls as well as centenary gifts are to be used are, college women-in India, in near- ( I) to create a sustentation fund by ly 200 institutions, who are in which the support of all pastors of need of th.e Christian aid of the stu- weak churches shall be supplied with- dent movement, which was started by out dependence on the mission, and the Young Women's Christian Asso- (2) to supply money for the conduct ciation. Its constituency, if we may of evangelistic work. In addition so calI it, may be separated into two some enterprising young men are rctis- groups, the Christians and the noning a third fund, the income of wbich Christians. The first group includes is to be used to aid worthy Indian European and Eurasians as well as Christian youths in obtaining an ad- Indians and represents more than vanced education. It is hoped that 60 per cent. of all college women and many Hindus who might not wish to more than So per cent. of all the girls give to the first two objects will ill high schools. gladly contribute toward this third fund, to express their gratitude to the The student movement has first of mission and to join in an effort for all tried to strengthen the Christian their country's good. zeal of the women students, because it, and with it Christian leadership, Most of the agents connected with is the pressing need among them tothe mission, and some others, have day, because their attitude towarJ promised to give one month's income, truth in general is one of indifference, and others have pledged smaller which often grows into a latent opamounts, while the schools, churches, position when they are faced by the and other organizations are all seek- possibility of a culmination of this ing to do their share. The most sig- truth in Christ. Then the movement nificant feature of the centenary is had attempted to help those women the decision of the Aikya, or general students who are timidly feeling after association of the churches of the truth and have few, if any, to whom mission, to secure self-support for all they could confide their religious difthe churches, and to begin the second ficulties, too many of the professols century with this plan under way. being, alas, men not vitally interested in Christianity. In her home circle Women Students and the Student the average non-Christian woman student would find little sympathy for Movement in India any intellectual restlessness, for In- dian women as a whole seldom think W OMEN students in India are for themselves and during the forma- offered the same general and tive period of their lives are expected professional knowledge as men, with to follow the leading of their elders the exception of engineering and agri- in everything with blind obedience. cultm al studies, but the number of The student secretary comforts and colleges in which women students are advises these women and girls and actually found is 18, 8 art colleges points them to Christ. have r60 women students, 5 medical colleges 76, 4 training colleges for teachers 36, and a law college I. Thus

As an organization, the movement that he would lecture on the Atone- has entered 48 institutions, viz.: 6 art ment and they came intent to hear colleges, 29 high schools, 8 training him. The meetings were wide awake schools and 5 medical schools and col- and earnest, but orderly and re- leges. Its work is especially excellent spectful all through. Since his re- in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, in turn to India eight Mohammedans, which cities local student workers are one Brahmin and one other Hindu in charge. Much emphasis is laid have been baptized. upon Bible and Mission study classes. In Bombay and in Madras the work CHINA centers around hostels with genial family life, family prayers morning The Needs of a Single Province and evening, and with distinctly Christian influence throughout. A MISSIONARY gives the follow- ing facts in reference to the Conversion of Moslems in Burma province of Kwanv,-Si: Its area is 77,000 square miles. According to MRS. W. F. ARMSTRONG writes one of the latest official reports its from Rangoon, Burma: "In population is 8,000,000. There are April, 19If, we started street preach- 72 walled cities in the province. Only ing in Teluga, Tamil and Hindustani. nine of these have been opened as One of these three languages is un- stations with resident missionaries. derstood by almost every Indian in Of the remaining 63 cities only six Burma. To our surprize the Hindu- have chapels in charge of native stanis from North and Central India, workers. Nor is this all. There are were the most attentive listeners, and I,200 market towns and 45,000 vilcame in greater number than others. lages scattered throughout the prov- Several from a neighboring mosque ince, only a few of which have gosbegan to come regularly, and Moham- pel chapels. Kwang-Si was formerly medans were listening to the gospel, known as the rebellious province. as we never had seen them do before. The great Tai-Ping rebellion of over 50 years ago had its rise in this prov- Since then the work has gone ince. It was one of the most hostile steadily forward. Bible classes were of all and was the last to yield to the held every Monday, Wednesday, and residence of foreign missionaries. Friday for instructing those who Now the whole province is open to were sufficiently interested to <,.ttt:'nd the gospel. them, while the open-air meetings were continued every Saturday and A New Alphabet and a New Vocabulary Sunday. Two Mohammedans from the Punjab were baptized in Janu- THE Educational Conference for ary, 1912. This confirmed the faith the unification of the Chinese of many and encouraged them to follow their example. language, that has been meeting in Peking under the direction of the Just at this juncture the Lord, Board of Education for the past two whose hand has been marvelously months, has decided on a new alphamanifest in the whole work, brought bet to express Chinese sounds. It to Rangoon a man formerly a Mo- consists of parts of Chinese charachammedan, who had been born in ters, which represent fixt sounds. Rangoon, where most of his family There are 24 initials and IS finals, still reside, but who had been con- making an alphabet of 39 letters verted and educated for the ministry (some say 42). It may be called a in the C. M. S. Mission at Aurunga- Chinese Roman alphabet as the bad, Bombay. The people were pre- method of combination is quite simpared for him, and listened eagerly to ilar to the Roman. This will simplify him as one of themselves; we adver- the learning of Chinese with its nutised in all the mosques in Rangoon merous characters.

Meantime, a new vocabulary is be-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 55

ing formed, composed of new terms, is the power of religion that is necescoined to meet the enlargement of sary to-day. Christianity has been in knowledge that has taken place dur- China for roo years and is spreading ing the last few years in China, in over all the world. The President and connection with the impact of foreign Lu Cheng Hsing (minister of foreign learning on the Chinese mind. The affairs) realize that Christianity has language is being enriched by such done much for China and hope that vvords as independence, organization, Christianity may be promoted." electives, representative government, home discipline, home training, etc. A few days later the even more The rise of the newspaper and the significant message was adopted by advent of political parties has evolved the cabinet of the republic, requesting both a style and a vocabulary suited prayer for China as already reported. to the changed circumstances. Old This official request is regarded in missionaries say that they have now China as marking 2. significant epoch to acquire what practically amounts in the history of the nation. When to -a new language if they would be we realize that more people have up to date. been added to the (nominal) Chris- tian Church in the last 100 years Men and Religion Party in China than were enrolled in the previolls 1,800 years, we must realize, too, that M R. FRED SMITH and his party, we can not tell what a day will bring after holding 41 meetings in forth in China. There is a strong Japan with an aggregate attendance effort to revive Buddhism in China of I3,839, have held similar meetings and others are pressing the governin China. On the closing night in ment to adopt Confucianism so that China the group were entertained by this step in favor of Christianity is the International University Club. most significant. May China be pre- Two hundred college graduates from served from the folly of trying to every land were present. It was the unite Church and State. May the first introduction of religion into the true foundations of Christianity be Shanghai University Club. In all, laid without compromise and without 24 meetings were held in China and hypocrisy or heresy. then the company sailed, March 4, for the Philippines and thence to Mel- Good Work in China bourne, Australia, where their greatest campaign thus far was held, with MR. ERNEST HAMILTON TAY- 21,000 men in six meetings and 400 LOR, the youngest son of the each day in institutes. late J. Hudson Taylor, of the Cnina The Peking Prayer Meeting Inland Mission, writes from Chao- PASTOR MENG, in charge of the cheng Sha, North China (January Independent Church of Peking, 23, 19I3): "In this district, made presided at a union prayer service on famous by Pastor Hsi, 193 men, boys April I3, called to pray "for the and women were baptized last year, Chinese nation and the National As- making the total membership over sembly." This was the inauguration 1,000. The attendance at Bible of a new era for China and Presi- classes, lasting from 6 to 14 days, dent Yuan Shi Kai sent a representa- was about 500, and over 250 boys tive and many prominent Chinese and girls were in the mission schools. were present. Wellington Koo,· speak- A good number of these have been ing as the President's representative, converted; some were born again said: "The Bible says that the root last year, and quite a few were is in the heart and that if the heart among those baptized. is right, the man will be right, so the family, and so the whole nation. It "Pray that God's spirit may be poured out here in overwhelming power, that the Christians may be sanctified and filled with the Holy

Ghost, and hundreds may be born business. The Aikokwai, or Love- again this year, if Christ tarries. Light Society for young women, the Last year about 700 families put kindergarten, the mothers' clubs, the away idolatry and gave in their social gatherings where the tea and names as wishing to become Chris- rice cakes are preceded by a short tians. Many of these have not over- religious service, reach the home life, come the opposition of the powers and all have been a means of blessing.

of darkness, and at present we do The same building has housed the not see them. Central Baptist Church which has its "Much evangelistic work is done Sunday services, its prayer meetings, by the Christians. There is a native its Christian Endeavor, it" Sunday- evangelistic society which supports school, its women's organization, and about 12 evangelists, each of whom its church paper. This church and does three months' evangelistic work. the Tabernacle cooperate in much of Thousands who are not converted the work, and the converts resulting now, are able to sing hymns and to from the work centered in the Taber- pray. The opium refuge work, started nacle are mostly baptized into this by Pastor Hsi, still continues, and church.

is still used to the conversion of Women's Work in Japan not a few each year. Mrs. Hsi I still continues to do good work In N no other country in the world does so large a percentage of this city."

JAPAN AND KOREA women participate in wage-earning as in Japan. In the United States the TAn Institutional Church in Tokyo proportion is 86 men to 14 women HE destruction by fire of the who are wage earners, 75 men to 25 Baptist Central Tabernacle in women in Great Britain, 80 men to Tokyo ha·s interfered with a many- 20 women in Germany, while in sided work which has been carried Japan there are nearly twice as many on for over four years. women as men on the pay rolls of the Five nights in the week the Japa- government. All large employers as- nese lanterns are out waving an invi- sert that women are the industrial tation to the passing people to come backbone of the country. The cheap in and listen to the message of the labor of women and children is the larger life. Of course, the attendance secret of the competitive power of varies greatly, but long paper placard- the Japanese in textile and other announcements and good lively sing- light handicraft industries.

ing always bring in a number of How a Fortune Was Lost people. After a pointed gospel mes- A sage the people are urged to remain PROMINENT Korean bore the name Jong Mock, and at one for heart-to-heart personal instruction. Here possibly the most effective time possest considerable property and work is done. Those who are gen- influence in his own country, and uinely interested leave their names ho now is engaged in mercantile and addresses and are followed up by lines in Shanghai-kwan. Mock of- means of letters, tracts and visitation. fended the Japanese authorities of Everv other month there is a week the Hai-Tsin region a couple of or ten" days' special campaign of years ago, and a charge of treason- evangelism. Saturday afternoon lec- able conduct was lodged against him.

tures by Christian leaders in various He was in the rice business, but his walks of life give an opportunity for banking account was at Vladivostok, reaching the student class. The and when his property was seized and boarding-home for young men is a confiscated and he himself banished center of helpful influence, as is also from the country he was not en- the night-school for young men in tirely without means. He established

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

himself here last August and is doing tianity. The goddess of mercy, Kwan- a prosperous business, but the calls non, is especially revered and people for bread on the part of his coun- will pay a fee of five cents' for the trymen have left him so that his privilege of worshiping the 1,001 im- original capital is sadly reduced. "I ages of Kwannon, which are in the am compelled to refuse some," he Sanjusando at Kyoto. Many officers said recently; "I can not see why of high rank, among them, it is said, the so-called Christian nations do not the famous Admiral Togo, had images demand of Japan much better treat- of the goddess concealed in their ment of the people of Korea. I have clothes during the Russo-Japanese not traveled much, but I have read war.

a great deal, and I have come to Sun worshipers are very numerous: the conclusion that not in recent the late Emperor and General Koda- decades has a people been so bru- ma were among them, and the new tally treated and despoiled of their Emperor is one. All military suc- homes and their lives." cesses are ascribed to the miraculous Poverty in Japan influence of the Emperor's virtues and to the virtues of the imperial and REV. HASSELL, a missionary of divine ancestors, and the Emperor is the Southern Presbyterian Church thought to be a descendant of the sun. All great victories are announced to in Takamatsu, Japan, writes that con- the sun goddess at her great shrine ditions among the poorer classes were, at I se by special imperial envoys. In perhaps, never so straitened as they some places funerals are conducted are just now. Year before last the at night, because the carrying of a rice crop was short, last year it was dead body through the streets while little better, and this year rain has the sun is shining, would be an insult been very scarce, so that rice has to the sun. Some people will not sleep reached so high a price as, perhaps, so that their feet will be turned tonever before. This has caused the ward the rising sun for fear of showpoor to give up fish .and other things, ing disrespect to it. which the Japanese eat almost invariably with rice, while some have been The fox-god, Inari Sarna, is also forced to cut out breakfast and send very popular. His shrines are found the children hungry to the school. In in nearly all barber and sake shops, many poor homes potato peelings or and the geisha have little Inari some such refuse are mixed with the shrines in their .houses. nee. Benzuri Sarna, commonly called "0 Beggars are seen walking the mud- ~ade San" (the rubbing god), is also dy, filthy streets and picking up a few quite popular. Many think that by grains of boiled rice which had been rubbing his wooden image they may spilled by passers, and eating it just be healed of any disease. Kobo Daias it is. Other beggars are searching shi, a religious teacher, born in Sanuamong the filth of a street garbage- ki Province, is also said to have healbox for dead rats, which they hope to ing power, and crowds of people visit sell to the city authorities, or for some the 88 shrines founded by him. other trifle, in order to appease their ravishing hunger. Thus the Japanese in general are under the awful power of supersti- Truly, the temporal poverty in Japan tion. Only the truth as it i? in Jesus must be appalling, but it is no greater can make them free. than the spiritual destitution of the people. A Third Trial for Korean Christiana T Superstition in Japan HE Supreme Court of Korea has nullified the decision of the Ap- SUPERSTITION has a remarkable hold upon all classes of Japanese peals Court in Seoul in regard to the and forms, perhaps, one of the great- six Koreans convicted by the Tai .Ku est obstacles to the spread of Chris- Court of Appeals for conspiracy

against the life of the Japanese Gov- Hospital, Cairo. Letters and cableernor-General, and has ordered a re- grams now report his -satisfactory examination on the ground that the progress toward recovery, and the judgment of the court at Seoul "did prospect of his return to active sernot make it clear whether any actual vice in a few weeks. Our gratitude preparation for the contemplated to God is profound for His sparing crime had been made." The alleged of this noble life for further labors plot of Christians in Korea against of love m behalf of the Moslem Japanese rule thus falls to the ground, world. and it is hoped that even the six who were finally convicted may be acquitted AFRICA on re-examination. A Faith.ful Moslem Convert A Korean Christian Woman A SPEAKER at the recent confer- S ONGSI, one of the oldest Chris- ence on Missionary Work for tians in Chai Ryung, has finished Mohammedans brought out the imher earthly course. It was she portance of thinking of the problem who kept together the little band of in personal terms, and to that end, of hardly 70 believers, some IS years portraying the lives of individual ago, when it was harder to "do the Moslem converts. In this connection, doctrine" than it is now. She was we read with interest the story of rich then and owned a fine tile-roofed Philibbus Abdullah, one of the first house which she gave as the first converts of the C. M. S. in Cairo, church building, keeping only one who died triumphantly after a long room for herself. The little band life of faithful witnessing, chiefly grew until, on winter evenings, the among the patients in the hospital at place would be crowded to the doors. Cairo. The editor of the Orient and The windows were shut tight to keep Occident writes of him: "He was the cold air out and sometimes sud- from first to last as unshakable as a denly, in the midst of the services, rock. An humble peasant was he, but the lamps would grow dim for lack possest of much mother-wit and inof oxygen and doors and windows telligence, so that after learning to had to be thrown open. Songsi lived read, at a rate and with an efficiency to see the congregation moved from that surprized all, he became an unher house to a church on the hill- wearied Bible student, and would exside, seating about 900, and her old pound the same in his own quaint home is still in use as a girls' pri- and earnest way to all who would mary-school. Many of the Korean listen. Thus from the time when he women came to her funeral and spoke sold his little property in the counlovingly of her, and with tears in try to be admitted into the Christheir eyes called her "the mother of tian fellowship in the town, down to our church." the moment of his death he was a faithful servant of Christ. We praise Dr. Zwemer's Illness God for our brother, and see in him, humble tho he was, the firstfruits of MANY friends of Dr. Samuel M. a mighty host who will one day fill Zwemer, and of the cause of this land." Christ among Moslems, will hear with sorrow of the serious illness through Islam and Easy Divorce which this valiant Soldier of the Cross has been passing, and will rejoice at A WRITER in the Moslem World the news of his progress toward full describes the extent of divorce recovery. in Mohammedan Egypt. Lateefa of B., in her 19th year, has been On May 17th, Dr. Zwemer met with divorced four times. Ibrahim Effena serious accident, which required an di, a youth of 27, has been married immediate operation in the Prussian 13 times. Another youth, when re-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

proved for taking a 28th wife, re- tonholed me and led me away into a plied, "Why should I not, when my clump of bananas. There he told father divorced 38?" It is a common me he had started a new religion of saying among Moslems; "A woman his own, the worship of the late Mr. is like a pair of shoes. If she gets Cobb. The favorite saying of the old a man throws her away and buys dead missionary had been: "Look another as long as he has money." up, we are going up and on." This Of every seven Moslems married in poor heathen, who had watched him Egypt more than two are, according to so closely, said to me, "Whenever I official record, divorced. But the am in a tight corner, I send up a actual number of divorces is probably little prayer to Mr. Cobb, for he will even greater. The police say that in have a great say with God!" many cases no pretense of recording divorce is made. "You find a woman Universities Mission in this house to-day and in another to- T HIS notable work was called into ITIOrrOW" being by Livingstone's great speech at Cambridge. Its withdrawal LlVINGSTONIA AND CENTRAL from the Lake region saddened him beyond any other calamity. But it AFRICA had only withdrawn to another base, and from Zanzibar proceeded to at- Two Missionaries and Their Converts tack the continent, gradually spread- ing farther inland, until in 1880 it M R. DAN CRAWFORD has la- reached the lake on the east side. To- bored for 22 years in the wilds day it has three dioceses, one at Zanof Central Africa, and has translated zibar, with 19 ordained missionaries the Scriptmes into the Suba dialect. and over 16,000 adherents, of whom He Will return before long to his 4,200 are communicants. Another at remote station, 600 miles inland from Likoma, on Lake Nyasa, with 16 or- Lake Tanganyika. These remote dained missionaries, 16,146 adherents, tribes call the missionary "Mr. Softy," and 4,389 communicants. Recently a because he comes to them without a third has been established in Northrifle, armed only with a walking- ern Rhodesia, ne>ar the land which stick and a Book. Sometimes the Livingstone toiled through on his last white teacher is summoned to unex- journey. It is one of the remarkable pected duties. Mr. Crawford arrived evidences of the catloolicity of his naone night on the scene of a fierce ture that he, with his strong Scottish clan quarrel. All night he labored evangelical sympathies, should be the to reconcile the disputants, and the acknowledged hero of one of the most dawn broke on a scene of happy rec- ritualistic missions of the Church of onciliation which has lasted 19 years. England.

Before the Scriptures in their own Some of Livingstone's Achievements tongue reached the people the missionaries were their walking, talking T HE Rev. Donald Fraser, a mis- Bible. "They look through your .body, sionary in Africa, gives in the they read you like the plainest print." Glasgow Herald a striking illustra- Mr. Crawford told of one missionary, tion of what Livingstone's life meant Mr. Cobb, a learned, austere, ascetic for Nyassaland. "Thirty-six years Christian, who died at his post before ago," he says, "there was no comhe could master the language. Once merce in Nyassaland beyond the slave a native came across the hills and traffic; to-day the external trade, imfor ten days he followed Mr. Cobb ports and exports, amounts to £446,- as closely as his shadow, then quietly 000. Livingstone saw the opportunity and mysteriously vanished. Two years for successful plantations, but his first later, Mr. Crawford crossed the hills, and, while teaching in a new region, unexpectedly met this man. "He but-

efforts failed. Last year over 2,000,- marriages between white and colored 000 lbs. of tobacco, 1,300,000 lbs. of persons, demanding at the same time cotton, and 750,000 lbs. of coffee, that the government take energetic were exported. When Livingstone measures against immoral alliances surveyed Nyassaland in his latter between members of the two races. days he saw the land that he had The Bavarian branch of the Colonial opened abandoned as unfit for Euro- Society declared also that provision pean residence; to-day there are 773 must be made for the illegitimate settlers in that land, and over 200 of children already in existence. Misthese are women. Twenty-five years sionary circles in Germany approve ago the natives contributed nothing of the stand taken by the Colonial to the revenue of the Protectorate; Society, and hope that the German last year in hut taxes alone they Government will take steps looking paid £ 50,984- The trackless land in toward the establishment of schools which the explorer lost his way, for these bastard children. whose paths were closed by war, is now penetrated by over 3,000 miles Hitherto they were left entirely to of road. The people who lived in the care of the missionaries, and restless barbari&m, whose languages therefore the Rhenish Missionary were not reduced to writing, have to- Society founded two asylums for day 1,527 schools, with II 9,402 them, at Okahandja and at Keetscholars on the roll. Men who knew manshoop (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, few arts beyond that of war are to- December, I909, p. 955). These asyday printers, builders, carpenters, lums have not been a success, and clerks, and telegraphists. A com- the Rhenish Society has already given munity of over 1,000,000 souls has up the one at Keetmanshoop. All its entered into a new era of settled children have been entrusted to the peace and constant progress." care of Christian families in that neighborhood under the twofold con- A Shame in Southwest Africa dition that they be well treated and be sent to school and church regu- DURING the past four years, and larly. The missionary who has had longer, the German Government charge of the asylum during these and German missionary societies have years, says: "The natives have not wrestled with a question which has valued rightly the difficult and exbeen called "Germany's shame in pensive work. We have observed German Southwest Africa," namely, little gratitude of the relatives of the with the question of bastard children. The number of illegitimate children, children, and we have met frequent mainly of a white father and a black criticism and dissatisfaction because mother, has been continually increasing, and the poor children have not the children were not drest costly been recognized by the natives, among enough. The most extraordinary whom they are legally counted, any more than by their white fathers. views prevail. Even one of the Herero Lately the German Government has elders said that these children bemade another attempt at solving the puzzling question by submitting to longed to the German Emperor, bethe Parliament a law which declares cause the great majority of the marriages between white and black legal. That law has been adopted on fathers (probably 99 per cent.) are May 8, but almost immediately pro- German soldiers. Therefore, all the tests against its adoption were issued by the German Colonial Society. The children should be educated accordexecutive committee of the society ingly, the boys as future soldiers-." declared itself strictly opposed to all Just because of the fact that white soldiers mainly are the guilty ones in this case, German discipline and the preaching of the Gospel should labor together in eradicating the shame of German Southwest Africa. AND MISSION LANDS BOOKS plague that followed the uprising and witnessed the passing of the empire. MISSIONARY METHODS. St. Paul's or Ours. These thrilling scenes are described By Rev. Roland Allen. 8vo, 234 pp. in a simple, unaffected style that $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. makes them doubly impressive. With perfect faith in God's mercy, she This is by far the most complete moved serenely through the most and careful study we have seen of tragic and painful adventures. "The the missionary methods of the Church of Christ, baptized in this Apostle Paul and their application to precious blood, has risen triumphant the work to-day. Mr. Allen, who over all her enemies. The native was formerly a missionary in China, Christians now number 300,000, analyses, with much skill, the condi- which is three times as many as betions which faced the great apostle fore the riots of 1900. Besides those in his work in Galatia, Macedonia, actually baptized, there is an enor- Achaia, and Asia; studies the man- mous constituency estimated at over ner and substance of his preaching; 3,000,000, who know the value and describes the training of the converts feel the power of the religion of and his method of dealing with ] esus Christ." churches. In contrast with the results of St. Paul's missionary labors NOTABLE WOMEN OF MODERN CH;INA. By he considers the results of modern Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated. 8vo, mISSIOns: ( 1 ) Christianity is still 271 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell exotic in mission lands; (2) Missions Co., 1913. are still dependent on home churches; (3) and all are of the same occi- Many will be astounded at the facts dental type. He gives what he be- related in this book. They have been lieves to be the reasons for our com- so accustomed to think of Chinese parative failure and the methods that women as ignorant heathen with cripshould be adopted to insure success. pled feet that the portraits of in- It is a very valuable study in mis- telligent Christian wives and mothers, sionary methods. Many will not physicians and teachers will be a agree with the author's conclusions, wholesome revelation. but all will be profited by a study of Mrs. Burton presents four Iifethem. stories: (I) Dr. Hii King Eng- brought up in a Christian home, edu- NEW TH;RILLS IN OLD CH:INA. By Char- cated in America and returning to lotte E. Hawes. 12mo, 272 pp. 16 become a beloved physician to her illustrations and map. $1.25, net. George own people; (2) Mrs. Ahok-a H. Doran Company, New York, 1913. woman of wealth, who devoted her life to work among the upper classes Miss Hawes' IS years as a Pres- of· Chinese women; (3) Dr. Id? byterian missionary at Wei Hsien, Kahn, a student at the University of Shantung, began in 1897 when forces Michigan, and after service in Kuiwere already at work to undermine kiang, a pioneer Christian physician the old regime. A new generation in Nan Chang; (4) Finally Dr. Mary with liberal views stirred the govern- Stone-Maiy ii, "Beautiful Gem"- ment to action and resulted in intense a woman who grew up with unbound hatred toward foreigners whose lives feet (in spite of her good birth) and were frequently threatened. During became one of the first Chinese the Boxer riots, the Mission at Wei women physicians and a power for Hsien was attacked by the mob and good both in America and in China. Miss Hawes escaped by a back window while a mob was plundering the The stories are well written and buildings. She lived through the of intense interest and broadening in East Africa has had an interesting sympathy. Women of America should history and furnishes an inspiring read in order to know the best of story. The hindrances and disaptheir Chinese sisters. pointments are told as well as ~he successes. It is a story upon whIch CHRISTIANITY AT WORK. Edited by Charles every reader may gain. informat~on S. MacFarland. 8vo, 291 pp. $1.00, net. and inspiration and whIch may gIve The Federal Council of the Churches many useful suggestions to other mis- of Christ in America, New York, 1913. sions.

The report of the quad.rennia.l ses- A WAY OF HONOR. By Henry Kingman, sion of the Federal CouncIl (ChIcago, D.D. 8vo, $1.00, net. Fleming H. Re- I9I2), contains .a great variety of vell Co., New York, 1912. messages of vaned values. Necessarily when all Christian cre.eds are "It is the problem of the preacher meeting. together, only pomts of to commend the ancient messages of agreement are emphasized and many Jesus and the apostles to those who beliefs dear to saints are left un- demand that their text-books should touched. The points in common in- have been written within ten years in clude the task before the Christian order to secure a hearing. It is the Church and the need for action and firm conviction of the writer that the cooperation. The points of disagree- essentials of the message that once ment would be such beliefs as the in- stirred Galilee and Rome are intensely spiration of the Bibl~, <;tnd met~ods and incisively fresh and interesting to of work. From a mIssIonary vIew- each new generation: an.d. that there point, the best work of the council is nothing to which the cntlcal student and the most important features. of of our day listens with deeper attenthe report deal with the steps lookmg tion than these same words of Jesus, toward federation and closer coopera- related to the issue of our time." tion among evangelical churches at home and abroad. These reports are Dr. Kingman makes these prefatory presented by Dr. Lemuel Call Barnes remarks in this volume of addresses and Dr. James L. Barton. ~aturally, prepared for an audience of college we disagree with many pomt~ and men and women. The fourteen serpositions in the. addresses,. ~hIle we are in accord WIth the spmt of fel- mons are all distinguished for spiritlowship and aggressive evangelism. ual insight, intense feeling, and a beauty of expression that makes them TRUE EVANGELISM. By Lewis S. Chafer. models of graceful and poetic diction. 12mo, 160 pp. 50 cents, net. Gospel Publishing House, Bible School Park, NATHAN SITES. By S. Moore Sites. In- New York, 1912. troduction by Bishop W. McDow.ell. When an evangelist gives his view of evangelism we may expect a reve- Illustrated. 256 pp. $1.50, net. Flemmg lation. Mr. Chafer points out the false forces and wrong methods in H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. missionary work. He deprecates revivals that are worked up rather than For nearly 40 years Dr. ~ites :vas prayed down, and shows that there are natural scriptural rnethods that engaged in missionary work In Chma. will keep a church alive and healthy. The chapter on "The Clean~ing of the He was the first alumnus of the Ohio Priests" would be a blessmg to any thoughtful minister who will read it. Wesleyan University to go to a for- TWENTY YEARS OF PIONEER MISSIONS IN lehio~-end field. At Fuchau, where he and labored for a lifetime, his NYASALAND. By Bishop J. Taylor name is held in lasting reverence and Hamilton. 8vo, 102 pp. $1.25. Bethle- love. A man of prodigious energy hem Printing Co., Bethlehem, Pa. and holy zweoal~ehne led many American The Moravian Missions in German men and to consecrate their lives to missionary work. His influ- ence over the Chinese people was far- reaching and uplifting. Through his loving Christian ministry large num- hers accepted the gospel, and many became teachers of their countrymen

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

in spiritual matters; torch-bearers which had given him distinction as an bringing the light eternal into dark- American officer shone resplendently ened lives. in the service of the Master. The This biography by Mrs. Sites is a Garsts endured poverty and privations, worthy tribute to a splendid and in- they faced mobs and suffered from spiring personality. As a purely lite- petty persecutions, but the clear flame rary performance, also, it has distinc- of faith burned steadily in their hearts tion. The principal incidents in the and sustained them in the hour of story of the missionary's labors, are trial, and everything was subordinated set forth in a series of pen-pictures, to the will of God. Noone can read each complete in itself, but correlated. this story of a Christian soldier and The studies of Cbinese life and char- his devoted family without feeling in- acter are sympathetic and illuminating spired to stronger efforts in the Mas- and afford much valuable information ter's cause. Charles E. Garst died on as to the condition of the Chinese em- the field in 1898 and was buried at pire during that middle period which Aoyama, where his memory is revered culminated in the Boxer uprising and and honored. Less than a year ago the revolution. The trials of a pioneer his daughter, Gretchen, went to Japan missionary, his perils and privations, to take up her father's work.

the silent struggle, against odds, the SUNSHINE AND SHADOW ON THE TIBETAl< modest victories, for the Master, all BORDER. By Flora Beal Shelton. Illusthese are described with intense human trated. 12mo, 141 pp. SOc. Foreign interest and graphic detail. Christian Missionary Society, Cincin- The book is exceptionally well illus- nati.

trated, with many reproductions of lo- Tibet, the land without a missioncal scenes in black-and-white, and ary, is besieged on the western, southsome of them are hand-tinted by ern and eastern borders. At Batang, West Cbina, the Foreign Christian Japanese artists.

Missionary Society has a mission. The A WEST-POINTER IN THE LAND OF THE romantic and stirring story of the MIKADO. By Laura Delany Garst. 12mo. Illustrated. 295 pp. $1.25, net. The founding and conduct of this work is Fleming Revell Co., New York, 1913. well told by Mrs. Shelton. Some pas- "The West never made a greater sages are of thrilling interest. The gift to the East than Charles E. Garst," story of the sufferings endured by the said a great Japanese statesman in ap- people without doctors is terrible, but preciation of the labors for humanity the progress of the missionaries with of the subject of this biography. The the Gospel and medical skill is most story of this West Point graduate, encouraging.

who resigned his commission in the A HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONS. By Rev.

United States Army to enter the for- Delavan L. Leonard, D.D. Third Edieign missionary field, is related by his tion. 12mo, 455 pp. $1.20. Funk & wife with much graphic skill and ten- Wagnalls Co., 1913.

derness. Cbarles E. Garst yearned to It is sufficient commentary on this carry the gospel message to the East "story of missions since Carey," by while yet a student, but with that high our associate editor, that a third edi- snse of honor which inspired his tion has been called for. This is every act in life, he felt that he owed now presented in a revised and up- some return to his government for the to-date volume which gives consecu- free education he had received. So tively the story of missions in each for eight years he performed his era and each land. The revolutions duties as a soldier faithfully and well, in China and Turkey are noted and when he resigned to join the Christian the marvelous progress in Korea, but army laboring for the Lord in the not in Africa. It is a valuable com- Japanese empire. The high qualities pendium.

NEW BOOKS CHRISTIAN UNITY AT WORK. The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in LATIN AMERICA: ITs RISE AND PROGRESS. America in Quadrennial Session at Chi- By F. Garcia-Caldron. With a Preface cago, Illinois, 1913. Edi~ed by Charles by Raymond Poincare. Translated by S. Macfarland, Secretary. 8vo, 291 pp. Bernard Mial!. Ilustrated. 8vo, 406 pp. $r.oo, net. Federal Council of Churches, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 215 Fourth Ave., New York, 1913.

1913. THE GHOSTS OF BIGOTRY. Six Lectures by THE LAND OF THE PEAKS AND THE PAMPAS. Rev. P. C. Yorke, D.D. Second Edition. 12mo, 320 pp. Text Book Pub. Co., 641 By Jesse Page, F.R.G.S. 8vo, 367 pp. Stevenson St., San Francisco, 1913. Illustrated. 3s. 6d., net. Religious THE MORTIMERS. A Story. By J. A. S. Tract Society, London, 1913. THE MODERN CALL OF MISSIONS. Studies Batty. Illustrated 12mo, 138 pp. S. P. G. F. P., IS Tufton St., Westminster, in Some of the Larger Aspects of a London, 1913. Great Enterprise. By James S. Den- PASTOR HSI (OF NORTH CHINA), ONE OF nis, D.D. 8vo, 341 pp. $1.50, net. Flem- CHINA'S CHRISTIANS. By Mrs. Howard ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Taylor. Paper cover, lZffiO, 400 pp. 6d., THE KING'S BUSINESS. A Study of In- net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1913. creased Efficiency for Women's Mis- sionary Societies. By Maud Wotring PAMPHLETS Raymond. Illustrated. 12mo. 50c., cloth; 30c., paper. Central Committee A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. on the United Study of Foreign Mis- Edited by H. U. Weitbrecht, Ph.D., sions, West Medford, Mass., 1913. D.D. 141 pp. Is., net. Board of Study THREE MEN ON A CHINESE HOUSEBOAT. for Preparation of Missionaries, Lon- The Story of a River Voyage. By don, 1913. the Rev. W. Munn. Illustrated. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell AN OPEN DOOR. Report of the Bible Co., New York, 1913. House of Los Angeles. 48 pp. Illus- HINDUISM, ANCIENT AND MODERN. Viewed trated. Bible House of Los Angeles, in the Light of the Incarnation. By 620 Lissner Bldg. John A. Sharrock M.A. 12mo, 237 pp. 2s., 6d., net. Society for the Propaga- A SIMPLE GUIDE TO THE TRANSLATION AND tion of the Gospel, Westminster, Lon- SPELLING OF ARABIC NAMES. By W. H. T. Gairdner and A. T. Upson. 34 pp. don, 1913. 2Y.d. Nile Mission Press, Cairo, THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF THOMAS Egypt, 1913.

NEATBY. Edited by his wife. Illus- REPORT OF THE NEW YORK SABBATH COM- trated. 12mo, 109 pp. Is., net; Is., 3d., MITTEE. For its Fifty-sixth Year. 31 pp. post free. Pickering & Inglis, Glas- New York City, 31 Bible House, 1913.

gow, 1913. COOPERATION BETWEEN MISSIONARIES AND INSIDE VIEWS OF MISSION LIFE. By Annie THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSIONS. 8 pp. International Review of Mis- L. A. Baird. 12mo, 138 pp. 35c. The sions, 1 Charlotte Sq., Edinburgh, 1913. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1913. THE CONSPIRACY CASE IN CHOSEN. 95 pp. THE CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENCES OF THE Compiled and published by the Seoul FOUR GOSPELS. Considered as Revealing Press, Seoul, Korea, Sept. 25, 1912.

Various Relations of the Lord Jesus TURKEY AND THE BALKAN WAR. By Joseph Christ. By Andrew Jukes. 12mo, 163 K. Greene, D.D. Envelop Series. 26 pp. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow, 1913. pp. lOc. American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign- Missions, Bos- WESLEY'S WORLD PARISH. By George G. ton, Mass., 1913. Findlay, D.D., and Mary Grace Find- lay, M.Sc. Illustrated. 224 pp. Is., net. THE BIBLE. By I. M. Haldeman, D.D. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. 158 pp. 15c. Charles C. Cook, New York, 150 Nassau St. APA SUKA, TUAN. (Malaysia.) By J. A. Cook. 12mo, 181 pp. 3s., 6d., net. THE LIFE OF DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By Mrs. Arthur H. Stockwell, 29 Ludgate Hill, J. H. Worcester, Jr. 104 pp. 15c. London, E.c. Bible Institute Colportage Association, THE STEEP ASCENT. By Emily E. Ent- Chicago. wistle. 12mo, 216 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. THE TRAGEDY AND THE IMPERATIVE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN CHINA. By SPIRITUAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE. Herbert E. House. 17 pp. 156 Fifth By Charles S. Macfarland. I2mo, 222 Ave., New York. pp. $r.oo, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HOME MISSIONS AND THE WEST. Report- ing General Survey of Conditions in VISIONS FOR MISSIONARIES AND OTHERS. Fifte~n Western States. Bulletin No. By H. H. Montgomery, D.D., D.C.L. 1. February, 1913. Committee of the Second Series. I6mo, 154 pp. S. P. G. Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth F. P., IS Tufton St., Westminster, S. W., Avenue, New York.

London, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1912 Index

fMiss{onafJ CJ?.eview

of the World VOL. XXV. NEW SERIES VOL. XXXV. OLD SERIES Founded in 1878 by . Editor·ln-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.O. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.O.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1912 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

J. REV. STUART HOLDEN REV_ LOUIS MEYER, D.D.

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK: LONDON 1912

BY I'UNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THB MISS10NARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the M1SSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library of Iv.iissions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of :Missions and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages) INDEX FOR 1912 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS PAGE PAGK Africa Divided Among the Nations …….. 414 China, Territory Held by Contending Chinese – South, Mine Workers……………….. 428 – – Missionary Occupation of…………. 801 • Forces • • . . . …………………. 177 African Gold Fields, South……………. 426 Charts Prepared by Students of the McCor· – Walled Cities of ………………….. 87 mick Seminary, Chicago …………… 604 Formosa . . . 100 – Showing the Social and Religious Condi- Korea, Showing Division of Territory…… 190 tions in Chicago………………….. 605 Northern Siam, Showing Mission Stations .• 731 Turkey and the Balkan States … Facing page 880 United States, Religion in the…. . • . • . . 1 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Afghanistan, ~ritish M,ilitary Camp Near Bangkok, Siam, Boon·Itt Memorial in…… 333 Bannu, on the Border of …………… 255 Bannu, Football Team in the Church l{is- Africa, How Bibles are Carried in…….. 672 sian High School ••….•. ' • . . . . . . • . . . •• 263 – Missionary Scenes in …………. _. . . .. 401 – Patients Waiting Outside the' Operating – North, Market Scene in Tripoli…….. 120 – South, Compound of the Native Labor Room at …•………………….. 257 Baptist Mission Training Class on the…. 679 Association ., ..••……………….•• 424 Bible and 'Torld·wide Missions ……….. 588 – West, African Boys and Young Men at Boon.Itt, of Siam •…••…..•…….•••• 327 Bulgarian Soldiers .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 887 the Bulu Branch of the Mission School, – Town, A Typical ..•.•…..•………… 886 Elat . . . . .••..•…•…………….. 25 Cairo, The Hub of the Mohammedan World 768 – – Krus, Tribe of-Calling for a Mis· Central America, Mission Scenes in……. 161 sionary . . . . ..•………………•.. 759 Ceylon Missionary Wife's Saturday Bible – – Roman Catholic Church at Landana .. 675 African Missions, Product of . ____ . _. . . . . .. 29 Class .•….•..••.•…•………….. 525 Chicago, .Charts Showing the Social and Re· Africaner, The Hottentot Chief ………..•• 487 Africans Learn to Make at the Mission, ligious Conditions in ……………… 60S – Redemption of •…•……………….. 821 Some Things •…••………………. 22 – Some Results of Student Investigation in. 603 Alake of Abeokuta, with His Son and the China, Comparative size of the Population Bible Presented by King Edward' in of the United States and………… 43 1904 ………………………•• 675 – Conference, Church Union Committee. Ap· Albania, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas Kennedy and American Mission School for Girls, pointed by West ..•………………. 113 Kortcha • . . . ……………….••. 726 – Famine Relief in •………………• 207 – Flood that Causes the Famine in …….. 206 Allen, Young J………………………. 649 – House·boats on the River Front at Ning· – Mrs. Young J …………………….. 648 Po ………..•.•…•…………….. 657 – "Push-Man Cart" in ……………….. 653 America, North, Home Mission Scenes in.. 1 – Science Laboratory and Museum in Y. M. – Railroad Train of Logging Camps …•.••• 518 Appenzeller, Henry Gerhart ………..•••• 291 C. A., Chengtu . • . . . . . •. . . . . .. . . • . • 91 Arab Town, Group of Villagers from an 892 – Traveling in • . • • . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 684 – Wedding in the Interior……………. 898 – University of Nanking ……………… 175 Arabian Country Village •….•……….. 895 Chinese Empire, Missionary Scenes in the 81 – Mosque ..•…. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 897 – Family in Szchuen, China ………….. 654 _ Stronghold, Typical ………………… 894 – Lady Educated in America for a Physi- Baffin's Land, Mission House at Lake Harbor 499 cian, First ……………….•.•••.••. 656 PAGE PAGE Japanese Four and a Crowd of Mountain Sav- Chinese School, Old Time Native ••••••….. 655 ages, Formosa •.• • . • • . • . . . • . . . . . . . . .• 96 – Students Track Team at the University of – Soldiers Attacking Head.hunting Sav· Nanking ………………………… 173 ages in. Formos,,: .••.•…………….. 97 Jew. in Arabia, Company of…….. . . . . . . .. 896 Chulalonghorn, King of Siam …………. 733 Karmarkar, Rev. Vishnu Bhaskar ………. 765 Kennedy, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas, and Amer- Citizenship Class of the Y. M. C. A. for ican Mission School for Girls, Kortcha, Foreigners . . . . ………………. 833 Albania . • . . ………………….. 726 Kenoly, Jacob ….•.•………..•…….. 752 City Missions, Map for the Study of. …….. 821 – – Wife, and Mission Children ……….. 755 Kenoly's School, near SchieffeHn, Liberia .. 753 Conference at Shanghai, in 1877, Members of Kin, Yamei, M. D ………………….. 656 the ………………………….. 751 Kong Ju, Korea, Methodist Episcopal Mis· Constantinople, Mosque of St. Sophia …… 887 sian Compourid … . • . • .. . . . .. . . .. . . .• 282 Kongo, Large Sunday-school at Bopota, 011 – Sultan's Palace at ..•..•..•…………. 881 the Upper . . . . ••…•.•………… 673 Dancing Girls of Arabia …….•………. 895 —- Upper, Audience Coming from ChUl-ch at Eskimo Audience, Part of a Missionary's … 503 Jalemba . . • . . .. ………………. 677 Korea also, Children are Children in …… 279 -House in Vhich the Missionaries Lived .. 501 – Christian Family in ..••..•………… 281 – Evidence of the Progress of Christianity Europe, Sights and Scenes in Great Britain and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 in ……………………………… 191 – Going Home from Church …….•…… 277 Evangelization Through Bible Study ……..• 423 – Methodist Episcopal Mission Compound at Eye-Glasses, Correct Christian …………. 335 Kong Ju ………….. _…………. 282 – Main Street in Seoul ……………… 275 Famine Waifs in China …•……………. 207 – Missionary Scenes in ……………… 641 – Presbyterian Academy at Pyeng yang …. 505 Fan, Evangelist, of China …………… 527 – Self·supporting Country Church FOl'ty Feller, Wilhelm ••..•….••…………… 740 Miles from Pyeng yang••••……..•.. 278 Korean Atonement Offering ………….. 277 Foreigners, Citizenship Class of Y. M. C. – House Converted into a Missionary's A. for •…••..•..••.•…………… 833 Home ………………………….. 274 – Iron Foundry •.••….•……………… 280 – in America . . . . ……………….. 831 Koreans, Group of ………………….. 273 – Worth Saving, Vbo Will Ask, Are …… 279 Forest Primeval …………………….. 515 Kru Tribe of West Africa-Calling for a Formosa, Buffalo Field Cart in ……….. . 99 Missionary ……………………… 759 Laos, Presbytery, Returning from Meeting – Buffaloes used to Crush Sugar Cane in .. 98 in Lakawn •….•••••••……….•… 735 "- Country Church in ………………. . 102 Liberia, Jacob Kenoly's School, near Schief- – Four Japanese and a Crowd of Moun· felin …………………………… 753 – Rev. Walter B. Williams Preaching to tain Savages …………………. . 96 Krus iu ………………………… 760 – Japanese S!,ldiers Attacking Head-hunting Lumber-Camps, New Way of Drawing Logs Savages 10 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • • •• 97 in …………………………….. 517 – Missionary Scenes in ……………… . 641 – – Old Way of Drawing Logs to the …. 516 -Jack at Work, Western • ., ………….. 513 – Scene at tbe Opening of the Largest Madras, Woman Vender …………….. 522 Malaysia, Missionary Scenes in………… 31 Church in ……..••..•…………… 95 McCormick Theological Seminary StUdent, – Seacoast Journey by Chair Along the …. 101 Bohemian Class Conducted by a …… 604 McCune, Rev. G. S., and Korean Teachers – Town Church in …….. E ………….. 103 of Syen Chun ••••.••..•..•.•……•.. 507 Gold or God-A Mute Appeal …………… 778 McGilvary, Daniel … , . • • •• . .. . •• . . . . . • .. 792 Mexico, Mission Scenes in……………. 161 Gracey, Annie Ryder ••……•……….. 285 Moffat, Robert …. • • .. . .. • .. . . . . . . .. .. … 489 Mohammedan Lands, Varied Scenes from .. ?21 – John Talbot ……………………. , 284 Mokalla-Neglected Opportunity on the Guatemala City, New Hospital and Train- Arabian Coast ••………•………… 893 Mongkut, Maha, King of Siam •..•..••..•• 732 ing School, Presbyterian Mission …….. 816 Mongol Tent ………………………. 852 Nanking, University of ……………….. 174 – – Plaza de Armas at……………….. 807 – University of, Science Hall …………. 176 Natal, Native Evangelist Preaching in a Kraal 411 –Interior of the Presbyterian Hospital.. 817 Okayama-Bath Time in the Mission…….. 908 – Luncheon Time in the Day Nursery ..•• 907 – Missionary Scenes in ………………. 820 – Sleeping Time in the Day Nursery …••• 909 – The Dispensary of the Mission …••.••.• 911 – New Presbyterian Girls' School at. ….. 819 – Peasant's Thatched Country House ….. 809 – Piece of Carriage Road to Que.alten· ango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 – Roman Catholic Street Procession at Quezaltenango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 Gul Kanina and his Grandmother .•.•.•…. 261 Hankow, Scene at the Bombardment of…. 141 He·oh'ks·te·kin • • • • .•••.••.••.••.•….• 569 H'co-a~h'co-a-h-cotes-min ….. _. . .. 569 Home Mission Scenes in North America.. 1 House, S. R., of Siam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 India, Boys' Boarding·schoo lin ..•••..••…. 520 – Burma and Ceylon, What the Missionaries see in …………………………. 241 – Girls' Boarding·school, Aruppukottai. ….. 521 – Typical Missionary Bungalow in …….. 523 Indian Express-Bullock Bandy . •• . •• . •.• 524 – Members of the Presbyterian Church, Nez Perces …………………………. 573 Japan College, Teachers and Students of North ……………………….. 437 – Missionary Scenes in ………………. 641 – Traveling in ••.•…••……………… 695

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Pacific Islands, Some Missionary Scenes in Singh, Raja Sir Harnam ………………. 201 the ……………..•……..•.•.••… 481 South America, Interesting Scenes in …… 801 Tonkin, French Indo-China, Railway Station Pennell, Dr., and the Afghan who was Blinded by his Enemies …………… 259 at Hanoi ••••.••..•..•…….•……. 581 – Men from Haiphong ……..•….•.•••.. 582 Pitsanuloke, School at ••…………..•..• 330 – Women and Hats from .•……………. 583 – Siam, Old Manse at ………………… 331 Tripoli …………….••……………… 119 Pittsburgh, Y. M. C. A. c.ommenceme,nt – Market Scene in .•.••………………. 120 – Mixed Population of ……………….. 125 Audience of 400 Foreigners in ……… 828 – Oasis in …………………………. 121 Russia, Pastor Fetler and His Assistant Lay – Patients in the Courtyard of the Medical Preachers and Superintendents …….• 745 Mission House ………………….. 122 – Pastor Fetlt'r Prea.ching to a Sunday-night – Typical Street in ………………….. 121 Tripolitan Carriage, Missionaries in…….. 123 Audience in St. Petersburg………… 745 – Maiden ………………………….. 124 Russian Baptist Union, Delegates of, to the Uganda, Big Drum of the Mengo Cathedral 421 Views of Missions, Three ……………… 495 Opening of the Tabernacle •………•• 744 'Vest Indies, :Mission Scenes in ………… 161 Salonica, Vhite Tower of, ………… ,' 886 – Land, Mission Church in …….•……… 413 5t. Petersburg! Laying the Cornerstone of the Williams, Rev. Walter B., Preaching to First Baptist Tabernacle …….. ,….. 744 Krus in Liberia …………………… 760 Seoul, Early American Mission School ….. 276 Y. :NI. C. A. Commencement, Audience of 400 Shanghai Conference of 1877, Members of the 650 – Trolleys in •…………………… " 658 Foreigners in Pittsburgh …..•……… 829 Siam, Boon·Itt Memorial in Bangkok …..• 333 Yuan Shi Kai ……………………… 45 – First Church in Chiengmai………….. 730 Zulu and Wife, Christian……………… 409 – King of, 1851·1872 '……………….. 732 – Girls, Greeting Between ……………… 409 —1872·1910 ……………………. 733 Zulus •…•……………………•……. 407 – ~Ijssionary Scenes in ……………….. 321 – Old Manse at Pitsanuloke ………….• 331 – Polling up the Me Ping River ……….• 730 – P"cc?nt King of ………………….. 361 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ABBOTT… ANSTICE •••••.•.••.••••.•…•.. 532 GARDENER, G. B. A …..••….•….•••…••• 667 GARDINER, W. A ……………….•.•.•••. 853 ARAUJO, ADOLFO ..•..•….••••..•….•…• 612 GOFORTH, J. • ……••.•..•.•..•.••••••.•.• 927 GOLLOCH, GEORGINA A .•………..•……. 197 BAKER, A. W …………………… .424, 440 GRENFELL. WILFRED T …………………. 128 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELIOT ••••••••••••••• 277. 647 BARBER, B. C. ……………………….• 264 HARRIS, JOHN H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442, 673 HERRICK, GEORGE F ………………. 349, 887 BARTON, JAMES L…………………….. 34 HERRING. HUBERT C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 HILL, EDGAR P ……………………….. 601 J. BASHFORD, W ••.•…••••••••••••••••••••• 775 HITCHER, B…………………………. 375 HODGES, LEROY •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 166 BEACH, HARLAN P …………………. 415, 840 HODGKIN, HENRY T …………………… 112 ISFTT, WILLIAM CLEMENT •••••••••••••••• 930 BECKMAN, REV. lIfR.•…..••••…•••••.••••• 773 JOWETT, JOHN H ••••••••••••••••••••••• 369. 584 KINNOSUKE, ADACHI •••••••••••••••••••••• 50 BILLINGS, HELEN TAyLOR ……………….. 189 KNOWLES, J. • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 269 KUM .., KARL ••.•••.••••.••••••.•••••••••• 447 BOGGS, L. PEARL………………………. 172 LABAREE, MRS. BENJAMIN W •••••••••••••••• 835 LAMSON, KATE G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519, 907 BONLDS, SHEIKH •••.••••••••.•••.•••.•••.• 769 LEONARD, DELAVAN L ………………….. 589 LOOMIS, HENRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 BOWEN, CHAS. A ……………………… 513 MAcGn.LIVRAY, DONALD •••••••••••••••••••• 364 BRAIN, BELLE M ………………….. 327, 487 McBEE. S,LAS ••..••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4() BREWSTER, WILLIAM 11. ..•……….•.••.•• 598 MCCLAIN, A. M ……………………… 567 MCGUIRE, J. M ………………………. 336 BURGES, RICHARD ••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 764 MEYER, F. B . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . • . . 45~ MEYER, Lours ………………..•.. • . . .• 203 CARROLL, H. K. ……………………..• 116 MONCRIEF" HOPE •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9S COOPER, WILLIAM •..•••••••••..••••••••••• 919 MOTT, JOHN R. • ……………… 449, 608, 822 CRAFTS, W,LBUR F ……………………. 529 MOULE, YEN ARCHDEACON……………… 87 MUNGER, HENRY WESTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 DAGGETT, MABEL POTTER ………………… 210 MUSKOF, IBRAIIlM •.••.•……•••..•.•..••• 457 DENNIS, JAMES S……………………… 6 DRACH, GEORGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 DUDE, JOHN L. ………………………. 406 EDDY, SHERWOOD ••••••••••.••••••••.•••••• 104 FADIL, M. • •••……••.•••••••••••••.••.•• 131 FARIS, JOHN T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 FARMER, W… H. ……………………. 48 FARQUHAR, J. N•…………………….• 247 FETLER, W,LHELM …………………….. 739 FLEMING, ARCHIBALD L. ……………….. 499 J. FRAME, DAVIDSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 FRASER, A. G •……..•………•.•….•.•• 430 FRASER, DONALD •.••••••••••••••••••••••••• 135 FRASER, ME1.VIN •.•••••••••.•••.•••.•.••••• 22

PAGE PAGE NAPaR, A. Y……………………….. 527 SMITH, C. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 PATON, F. H. L …….•..•…………..•. 615 PENNELL, T. L ………………………. 255 SMITH, JAMES •••••••••••••.••.•.••.•••••• 129 PHILIP, P. 0 ………………………… 292 PIER.SON, ARTHUR T ….•..•……………. 689 SPAETH, JOSEPHINE E ……………….••. 771 PIERSON, DELAVAN LEONARD ••••••••••• 283, 505 PLATT, WARD ……………………….. 823 SPEER, ROBERT E ……………… 193, 323, 682 POLLARD, S. …•…………………….. 580 PONDER, I. S………………………… 606 SWALLEN, W. L……………… 594 RAWLINSON, FRANK •••••••••••••••••••••••• 177 REID, C. F ••••••.••••.•..•..•..•……… 535 TOWSON, CHARLES R •••••••.••.•….•…••• 829 REID, W. .. … , …………………….. 119 REINKE, T. •………………………… 208 Trowbridge, Stephen Van Rensselaer ……. 881 RICHTER, JULIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. 901 RIGGS, CHARLES T .•…….. ,………….. 684 VINTON, SUMNER R…………………… 55 Ross, JOHN ••……………………….. 42 SCHNEDER, DAVID B ………………….• 436 WATSON, CHARLES R ………………….. 768 SCHULER, H. C ………………………. 183 WELLS, AMOS R. • ••.•………. , ….•…• 422 SINGH, SAINT NIHAL ••••.•••.••••••• 200, 923 WHITE, J. CAMPBELL ••…•.••..•..••••• 44, 696 WHITE, STANLEY •••…•..•••. 80?

WHITE, WILBERT W………………….. 127 WILLIAMS, WALTER B .•…•………..•…• 760 YING-YUEH yANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Young, John C …………………….,.891 ZWEMER, SAMUEL M .••……………. 494, 746 ZWElllE~, :hs. S. ?II………………….. 736 SUBJECTS~ PAGE PAGE Abdul Beha and American Pulpits……….. 699 Africa, East Central, Men and Religion Cam- Abyssinia, Bible Entering …•….••.•.•••••• 147 paign in ..•..•.••.•.•……….••.•.•• 465 – Islam in …..•.••…..•……………• 466 – News from ……………………….. 395 – – Missionaries in Consultation ……….• 464 Advertising Missons ………………….. 485 –Needs of ………………………. 312 Afghan Frontier, Medical Experiences on the – – Prosperous Scotch Mission ..•….•..•.• 235 – – Racialism in, Dying Out. …•………• 311 (a) T. L. Pennell …………………. 255 – – Testimony to Missions ..•..••………• 234 AFRICA, Battle Against Islam in ……….. 483 – Central, Missionary Episode………….. 234 – Statistics of Missions in …………….• 460 – Congregation Numbering Thousands in West 147 – Ten Years' Progress in ••• , .•.. , …..•.•.. 461 – Development in Centra. ……………. 232 – Things Possible in …………………. 715 – Exploration of ……………………. 231 – Union of Effort in South …………..•.• 555 – How the Dark Continent was Peopled …. 3Q7 Africa, West, Forward Movement in …..•.• 883 – Islam on the Gold Coast …………….. 309 – West, Bible for the Blacks in ………… 790 – North, Politics and Missions in (a) Har- – – Central, Day of Opportunity in (a) J. H.

lan P. Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Harris •.••••••.•.•…..•…………•• 673 – Present Status of Christianity in……… 146 – – Emir Almost Persuaded…………… 309 – Problems in School Work in….. . . . • • . . .. 716 – – Hearers by the Thousand in ……..•.• 715 – Progress in German East…………….. 465 – – Pan·Kongo Missionary Conference in .. 645 – Progress Toward Evangdization•••…•… 232 – – What Missions are Doing in Cal :Melvin – Royal Missionary in ……………….. 75 – Selling Wives as Slaves ……………… 630 Fraser ………………………….. 22 – South, A Dangerous Bill…………….. 464 – – Wonderful Story of Itigidi (b) W. A. – – Among Gold Diggers in (a) A. W. Baker 424 – – Church Union in ………………… 235 Gardiner ………………………… 853 – – Conference in ………………….. 631 African Heathenism "Hard Hit"………… 792 – – Failure to Secure Church Union in ….. 148 – Kings at Missionary Meeting…………. 7S – – Hopeful Signs in ……………….. 404 – Missions, Points of Contact in South (a) – East Centra-I-Timid People ………….. 790 – – Friendly Authorities in…………… 76 G. B. A. Gardener ………………… 666 – – Extension in German ..•………….. 310 – Scripture Union ……..•…………..• 232 – – Latest Discovery in ………………. 632 . Africaner, A Twice·born Black )lan <a) Belle – – Missionary Murdered in…………… 233 – – Missions in German ……………… 234 M. Brain ……………………….• 487 – – Twenty-five Years of Work in Portu- Africans Hungry for the Gospel …………. 232 Albania, Conditions in…………………. 725 guese …………………………… 233 Alcohol, German Emperor on …………… 153 – India's Foe ………………….•.••.• 301 Algeria, Methodist Progress in …………. 789 AlIen. Young J. of China Cal W. E. Griffis 647 Amazon, Gospel in the Basin of the ………. 152 • (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month + when any given article aoneared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. + 80 == 6, 1 :=: 7 (July). PAGE PAGE AMERICA,. Chinese Converts in ………… 315 Beirut, Remarkable Dinner in …………… 708 Belgian Jubilee ……………………….. 389 – Evangelistic Campaign for Chinese in…… 634 Belgium, Anti·Clerical Revolt in ……….•.• 565 Berry School in Georgia ……………….. 223 – Foreign-born Japanese in ………. , 710 Bible Distribution in Turkey ……………. 227 – Heathen Invasion of (b) Mabel Potter – A Teuacious Scotchman and his use of the. 899 – Entering Abyssinia ………………..• 147 Daggett …..•……………………. 210 – for the Blacks in West Africa ………..• 790 – for South Americans ……………….• 795 – Heathenism in …..•……………….. 216 – in Great Demand ………………….. 553 – Japanese Converted in Prison by the Study – Influence of. on Chinese Students (a) of the ………………………….. 627 Ying Yueh yang …………………. 353 – in the Philippines …………………. 877 – President Madero and the ………•….• 222 – Mission Year in the Churches in ……… 710 – Priceless …………………………. 393 – Russia and the ……………………• 316 – America, Neglected Fields of (b) Hubert – Says of the Heathen, What the. James C. Herring ………………………. 295 Smith……•…………………….• 129 – Schools in Korea, Need for. Wilbert W. – North, Home Missions in ……………. . White ………..•..•…………….• 127 – Outlook for Missions in (a) Ward Platt … 823 – Schools in the Orient……………….. 84 – Society, New Italian .•………………. 621 – Salvation Army in ………………….. 390 – Society, Year of the Greatest. ………… 545 ~ Study in America…………………… 467 – Polyglot Problem in ……………….. 864 – Study, To Increase .•………………• 64 – Work in Persia …………………….• 227 American Bible Society's Record ………… 796 – Work in the Philippines ……………..• 793 Bibles by the Million for India ………….• 706 – Church Statistics •..•………………. 221 – for Indian Students ……………•…•• 382 – for South America …………………• 712 – Giving in 1911 •..••………………… 220 – in Closed Lands …………….•…..••• 870 Bible's Relation to Foreign Missions. (b) F. Americans Not Wholly Sordid …………… 390 B. Meyer ……………………….• 452 America's Future Development. ……… , … 859 Big Brothers' Movement……………….. 149 – Share of the Hebrews……………….. 866 Boer Missionary Work ………………… 395 Boers and Missions …..•………………• 619 Anglican Church Union ……………….. 874 – as Missionaries ……………………. 233 Bohemia and Moravia, Progress in ……….. 164 Angola, Philafrican Mission in………….. 792 – Progress for ……………..•………• 389 – Reviving Protestantism in ……………• 468 Appenzeller, Henry G., of Korea (a) William BOOKS (new) …….. 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 479 E. Griffis ……………………….. 271 560, 640, 720, 880 Arab, Call of the Ca) J. C. young ……… 891 – Across China on Foot. E. J. Dingle …• 158 Arab Slaves, Last of the ……………….. 631 – Advance Guard of Missions. C. G. Howell 559 – American Board Almanac, 1912 ………• 160 Arabia, Danish Mission at Hodeidah ……… 388 – American·Japanese Relations. K. K. Ka· – Good Story from. Ibrahim Muskaf ……. 457 wakami .. . ……..•……………. 398 – Among the Eskimos of Labrador. S. K. – Kuweit Occupied …………………… 70 Hutton ………..•……………… 557 – "The Better Half" in East (b) Mrs. S. M. – Among the Indian Rajahs and Ryots.

Zwemer …………………………. 736 Andrew H. L. Fraser. . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 77 – Bethany House. M. E. Smith …….•.. 879 Arabia, Western and South Western, Unoc- – Black Bearded Barbarian. Marion Keith •• 938 – Broken Wall. E. A. Steiner ………… . 240 cupied Mission Fields in (a) John C. – Calvin Wilson Mateer. D. W. Fisher …• 158 – Changing Chinese. E. A. Ross .••.•••.•• 158 Young …………………………. 891 – Character Building in China ..••.•.••••• 720 Arabian Mission, Growth of …….••.••.••. 387 – Children of Ceylon. Thomas Mascrop .••• 79.

– Missions, Advance in……………….. 4 – Children of Persia. N. Malcolm •….••.. 720 – China, Social and Economic Conditions •• 479 Arctics, Itinerating in the (a) Archibald L. – China's New Day. I. T. Headland ••••.. 719 – Chinese at Home. J. D. Ball .•.••••••• 238 Fleming ………………………… 499 – Chinese Revolution. A. J. Brown ••••••• 557 – Christ and Human Need …………… 317 Asia Minor, Railroad Construction in…….. 70 – Christ and Israel. A. Saphir………•.• 317 – Christian and Mohammedan. G. F. Her- Australasian Missionary Society…………. 793 rick ……………………………. 637 AUSTRALIA, Church Union in ……… 236, 541 – Laymen's Conference in…………….. 86 – Religious Estate of ………………….. 876 Austria, Islam Officially Recognized in …….. 621 Azariah, Vedanayakan j Bishop of Madras …. 549 Baganda Teachers, Devoted…………….. 465 Bagdad, Missionary Vork in……………. 623 Baltimore, World in …………………. 866 Balkan War and Missions. S. Van R. Trow- bridge ………………………….. 881 – – Pan-Islamism and the ••••……….. 882 – – Ca) George Herrick …………….. 887 Baptist Work in Brazil ………………… 862 – Work in Russia Progressing………….. 324 – Program for Japan ………………….. 643 Baptists, American •.•.•…………..•…. 543 – Canadian. in India ………………….. 872 – Free Baptist and…………………… 543 Baptists' Wark in Kamerun, German……… 629 I;arbour Resigns, Dr..•…………….. 150, 219 Barnardo's Homes Associations ………….. 546 Basel Mission in India ………………..•. 302 – – in the Southern Kameruns. B. Hitcher 375 – Missionary Society •••••••.••••••••••••• 389 Battle Creek Medical Missionary Conference. 65 Beach, Harlan P., in South Africa ……….. 717 Begin to Possess …………………….. 216 PAGE PAGE Books. Christian Missions in the Telugu Books. Missions of Our Nation. J. F. Love. 560 Country. G. Hibbert·Ware •.•••••••.•• 399 – Mirror of Hindu Philosophical Systems. N. – Christian Movement in Japan. J. L. Dear· ing …………………………… 878 Goreh ………………………….. 400 – Christian Movement in Japan. D. C. – Mormonism. The Islam of America. B. Greene ………………………… 318 Kinney …………………………. 638 – Christianity and the Social Crisis. W. Rauschenbusch ……. • • . . . • . • • • • • • • • •• 639 – Morocco After Twenty-five Years. R.

– Christianity and the Social Crisis. M. Kerr •••••••…..•.•…..•………..• 938 Haldeman .. • .. • . .. . • . .. • . .. .. .. • . • … 63~ – Moslem Christ, The. S. M. Zwemer …. 937 – Church and the Open Country. W. H. Wilson ..••••••..••.•……•…….••• 239 – New Schaff·Herzog Encyclopedia of Re- – Coming China. J. K. Goodrich ……..•• 237 ligious Knowledge. Vol. X and XI. – Conversion of India. Emil P. Berg……. 78 – Daylight in the Harem. A. Von Sommer Samuel Macaulay Jackson, Editor; 79; and S. M. Zwemer ………………. 478 Vol. XI, XII •…………………..• 478 – Dr. Alec's Sons. 1. H. Barnes …•….. 319 _ Down North on the Labrador. W. T. – Old Faiths and the New Gospel. A ll.

Grenfell •.•••…••••••.•….•……•.• 479 Simpson ••••.••.•••••.•…………••• 320 – Early Stories and Songs. M. C. Barnes 879 – Education of Women in China. M. E. – Open Letter to Society, Convict 1776 …• 319 Burton •…••.•.•….•••…….•…… 237 – Other Sheep. H. Begbie ………..•••• 317 – Eirenic Itinerary. Silas McBee……….. 77 – Every Man's Religion. G. Hodges …..• 319 – Outlines of Missionary History. A. Dea – Five Missionary Minutes. G. H. Trull •• 639 – Fountain Unsealed. B. & F. B. S. Report.. 79 Witt Mason ••••..•••……..•..•.. " 937 – Fetish Folk of West Afrka. R. H. Millig- — Pathfinder in South Central Africa. Wm. ton ••.• _••••..••.•.•….•….•..•….• 938 – Galax Gatherers. E. O. Guerrant……. 79 Chapman •••••••.••…•…•…….•••• 160 – Geography of China. H. B. Hawkins .•.• 318 – Girl that Goes Wrong.• R. W. Kauffman 559 – Photographic Exposure Record …….••• 72.0 – Glimpses of the Heart of China. E. C. – Pierson, Arthur T., by His Son……•••• 938 Perkins ••••.•.••.••.•••.•…………• 157 – Goodly Fellowship. R. Schaulller .. _.. __ . _ 638 – Primer of Hinduism. J. N. Farquhar ..• 399 – Gospel Primer •.••.•..••……….•.•..• 479 – Prisca of Patmos. H. C. McCook …••.•• 879 – Great Doctrines of the Bible. W. Evans 639 – Half a Century in China. A. E. Maule ..• 157 – Progress and Arrest of Islam. G. _ Happiest Girl in Korea. M. Z. Guthapie!. 160 Simon …………………………. 957 – Hudson Taylor in Early Years. H. Taylor 398 – Hudson Taylor's Choice Sayings. D. E. – Reappearing. C. Morice……….. • . • .• 239 Hoste, Compiler …………………. 159 – Revolt of Sundarama. M. J. Elmore ..• 478 – In a Far Country. Harriette B. Gunn… 80 – In the Shadow of the Drum Tower. L. D. – Russian People. M. Baring …………. 559 Garst …. _………………………. 159 – Saints of Formosa. C. N. Moody …..•• 878 _ India and Daily Life in Bengal. Z. F. – Seed Thoughfs for Right Living. A. S. Griffin ……..••……•.•.•.•..•..•••• 560 – India Awakening. S. Eddy •••.•……… 399 Hobart …•…..•..•••……..•….••• 879 – International Review of Missions. J. H. – Seventeen Years Among the Sea Dyaks, of Oldham …………………………. 157 Borneo. E. H. Gomes ……..••.••.•• 399 – Interpretation of India's Religious History, – Sila. O. A. Baldwin ………..•…•..• 478 Robert A. Hume … ;………………. 78 – Islam and Missions. E. M. Wherry….. 159 – Social Work of Christian Missions. A. W. – J oho G. Paton, A. K. Langridge and F. H. Taylor ••.•..••.••.•…….•……..•. 639 L. Paton …•.••..•….. _. . . . . . • • . . . .. 719 – King's Daughter •…. _….•………… 479 – Some Great Leaders in the World Move· – Land of Good Hope. H. Moore .•..•.•… 558 – Life or Legend of Gautama Buddha. P. ment. R. E. Speer……………….. 398 Bigandet " .•….•.•..••… _… _.. _….. 957 – South America To-day. G. Clemenceau. _. 558 – Ligat of the World. R. E. Speer ……. 880 • – Livingstone, the Pathfinder. B. Matthews 878 – Spring Blossoms •.•……………….• 479 – Livre D'or de la Mission du Lessonto .•.• 719 – Love of God. S. E. Stokes ..••.•…••• 879 – South American Problems. R. E. Speer .• 558 – Love Story of a Maiden of Cathay ••.•.• 238 – Madagascar Mission .•.•••.•..••.•.•..• 720 – Stolen Bridegroom. A. Abbot …….•.•.• 878 – Men and Religion. F. B. Smith .••••.•• 240 – Message from Batang. Z. S. Loftis •••••• 159 – Story of Korea. J. H. Longford …….• 397 – Messiah of the Talmuds. J. M. Tydings '720 – Minister's Social Helper. Theresa Hunt – Talks on David Livingstone. T. R. W.

Walcott ………………………… 79 Laut …•.•..••.•..•….•…………. 720 – Temptation. P. E. Howard ….. _…•.•• 720 – The Coming One. A. B. Simpson…….. 879 – Tiger and Tom ……………………. 479 – Turkestan: Heart of Asia. William E.

Curtis ••..•••…••••••..••.•…•.•.•.• 78 – Turkey and Its People. E. Pears ……•. 638 – Under the Prophet in Utah. F. J. Can- non and H. J. O'Higgins …………… 479 – Unification of the Churches. D. W.

Fisher ………………………. _… 239 – Where Half the World is Waking Up.

C. Poe ………………………….. 880 – World Book of Foreign Missions. E. T.

Ree'<! ………•……•.•••..•..••.••• 479 -Yellow Pearl .. _….. _……………… 239 – York Conference Report……………… 80 – Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country.

S. M. Zwemer ..••••.•••••.••.••.••.•• 318 BoHvia, Reforms in ………………… 164, 863 – Revolution in …………………….. 803 Boon·Itt, Christian Leader of Siam (a) Belle M. Brain ……………………….. 321

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Booth, Memorial to General …………….. 867 China, Changes Since Dr. Martin Sailed in… 228 Borneo, Glad Tidings from……………. 886 – Christian Governor in ……………….• 625 Borneo, Mohammedans of………………. 722 – Christian Men in High Places in………. 785 – Opening Up of. •••…………………. 876 – Christian Unity in ………………..•.• 372 – Spread of Islam Upon ……………… 381 – Christianity in •…………………..• 73 Boy Scout Republic .••……………….. 225 – Conference on Missions in …………… 242 Brahman Convert ••••………………… 872 – Continued Chaos in •……………….• 1 – Inquirer. 1. S. Ponder …………….. 606 – Conversion of Loh, of. A. Y. Napier …• ·527 Brazil, Baptist Work in .•………………. 862 – Crowds Hearing the Message in ………. 787 – Fruit of Persecution in……………… 544 – Emergency Action for ………………. 706 – Nced the Gospel? Does. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. 224 – Famine in •.•..•………………….• 206 – Presbyterian Jubilee in …………….•.. 544 – Four Cheering Facts ……………….. 786 – Presbyterianism Making Gains in ………. 712 – Future Leaders of ………………….• 241 Brazilian Indians …..•……………..•.. 862 – Hunan Autumn Bible School ………… 874 British Missionary Income …………..•.. 620 – Inland Mission, Growth of …………..• 390 Buddhism, Decline in .••……………….• 230 – Islam in ……•.•..•.••……………• 229 – in Japan, Power of. ••..•……………• 701 – March of Events in .•……………….. 241 Buddhism in London…………………. 884 – Missionaries Maltreated in…………… 228 – in Practice (a) J. M. McGuire ……….. 336 – Missionary Conference at Swatow…….• 304 – Waning in Ceylon …•………………. 785 – Missionary Statistical Tables for………. 88 Buddhist Lama Near the Kingdom.. . . . . . . • .. 624 – Missionary Tragedy at Sianfu. Rev. Mr. Buddhists Converted in Burma……•…… 882 – Priest Baptized •••…•.•……………. 702 Beckman . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 773 Bulgaria, Mohammedan Sect in.. . .• • . . . • . . . . 68 – Modern Miracle in (a) Sherwood Eddy … 104 Burma, Buddhists Converted in .•….••.•• 882 – More Missionaries for .••……………. 73 Burma, Missionary Work of Native Churches – New Era in ………………………. 786 – New Men at the Front in ……………. 705 in (b) Sumner R. Vinton…………… 55 – New Rulers of…………………….. 82 – Polyglot College in …………………. 472 – North, Native Christians …………….. 552 Burmese Testimony •••••…..•…..•..•••. 623 – Observations in (b) J. Campbell White…. 44 Business Men, Cogent Appeal to………… 63 – Open Door in …………………….. 884 Cairo, New Advance in………………… 779 – Opportunity in …………………• 322, 472 – Strategic Center of Islam. Charles R. – Opportunity of the Church in ………..• 243 – Power of the Gospel in (b) William Watson …………………………. 768 – University of El·Azhar Sheikh Bonlos ….. 769 Cooper …………………………. 919 California's Flood of Foreigners………… 796 – Progress and Poverty in……………. 404 Call to Missions, Voices that …..•…..•…• 298 – Progress in •.•..••••..•….•.•……•.• 72 Canada, Church Union in ……………… 864 – Proposed University for ..•..•……….• 626 – Hindrance to Church Union in ……….. 634 – Real Cause of the Rebellion in .•……..• 142 – Laymen's Campaign in………………. 6 – Religion in (a) Frank Rawlinson ………. 177 Canadian Home l11ssions………………. 223 – Religious Changes in ……………….. 801 – Laymen, Activity of …………… . . . . .. 544 – Religious Liberty for……………….. 321 Cannibals, Gospel Gains Among …………. 155 – Results Among the Miaos……………. 228 Canton as a Religious Center …………… 473 – Results of the Revolution in ………….. 624 – Open Door in ..•••••••..•.•………… 384 – Retrospect of Fifty Years <a) Archdeacon Caste, Hindu Uprising Against ………….. 802 Catholic Church in Italy •….•…………. 469 Maule ………………………….. 87 – Missionaries on Lake Tanganyika…….. 311 – Revival Scenes in (b) J. Goforth ……..• 927 – World-A Correction •……………… 540 – School for Children of Missionaries in ….• 705 Caucasus, Religious Liberty in the………. 804 – Shansi Independent Church ..•……..•.• 802 Centennial Celebration, Fitting ………….. 312 – Significant Sign of the Times in .•…….. 706 Central America, Awakening in …………. 861 – Summary of Radical Reforms in …..•…. 551 – – Missionary Statistical Tables for .•…… 218 – "Tea·House" Mission in ……••…….. 142 Ceylon, Buddhism Waning in…………… 785 -The Man Who Seeded-Young J. Allen (a) – Christianity in (a) A. G. Fraser …..•••. 430 – Missions, Schools in ……………….. 303 W. E; Griffis .•••.•..••.•……..•….. 647 C. M. S. Missions, Prosperous ………….. 234 – The Situation in (a) ………………. 930 Chattanooga, Laymen's Convention at. ……. 223 – Tokens of Evil Appear in……………. 785 Chicago, Cutting Out Competition ……….. 466 – Traffic in Girls Continues in………….. 143 – Evangelistic Conference in ……….•…• 797 – Transition in •…..••…•…….•……. 472 – Persians in ……………………….. 220 – Traveling Then and Now in ……….•..• 303 Children and the City …………………. 216 – University of Nanking (b) L. Pearl Boggs 173 – of Missionaries in China, School for…… 705 – Up.to.date Device in ……………….. 384 CHINA, Aiming at Independence in .•.•..•.• 143 – War and Famine in ………………… 161 – and Opium Again …………………. 626 – What Missions Have Done For …•…•.•• 385 – Adopt Christianity? Will ……………. 162 – Wonderful Revival in ……………….. 873 – BY'products of the Famine in …..•..••.• 706 – Y. M. C. A. in ….•…..•..•…•…•.• 473 – Call for Christian Literature in……….. 384 Chinaman's Generosity ••..•….••••..•..••• 382 – Changes in ..•.•…•..•….•…..•..•.•. 645 Chinamen, Remarkable ………………… 551 China's Famine and Floods…………….. 82 – Strong Men ..••.•….••..•••…•…••.. 141

PAGE PAGE Chinese Character 303 Conference on Missions in China………… 242 – of South Africa, Fourth General Mis- – Christian Church …. , .. , …………. , .. 481 sionary .•..••.•…•••.••…..•..•..• , 847 – Christian Printing Establishment …….. . 552 – Missionary Experts in. Julius Richter …. 901 – Student Volunteer ………………… 225 – Christians, Two Specimens ………….. . 872 Continuation Committee, Meeting of the …. 795 Conversion of Loh of China. A. Y. – Converts in America ……………….. . 314 Napier …………•.•.•……..•…• 527 – Engaged in Home Missions ………….. . 228 Ccoperation, Christian Common Sense and – General Says, What a .• , … ,., ………• 228 (b) H. K. Carroll………………… 116 – in Practise, Unity and (b) Henry T. – Givers, Two Other ………………… . 143 Hodgkin . . …… . .. .. . . . . . . . . • .. … 112 – Governor, Prayer Asked for ………… . 552 – of Missionary Societies ……………. 165 – Practical Methods for Missionary (b) – Hungry for the Word … , ……………• 873 James L. Barton ………………… 34 – Idols, Passing of …. , .. , ……………• 303 Crawford, Daniel ……………………. 899 Crisis in Missions ………………….. 81 – Immensity of Things. _. _. _. _. _……… . 384 Criticism on Missionary 1vIethods ………. 218 – in America, Evangelistic Campaign for. .. . 634 Cuba, By·Products of Christian Missions – Leaders. Christian Education and …….. . 625 in . . . …•…..••……………..• 66 – Mission Hospital, Prayer Hung Up in – Gospel Power Felt in …..•… , ….•…• 394 Damien, Successor of Father…………… 541 Operating-room of ………………… . 263 Danish Mission at Hodeidah, Arabia.,…… 388 -Moody …••………………………• 303 DEATH. _ Boegner, Rev. A., of Paris …. , ……••• 316 – Moslems Astir ………………….. , .• 786 – Booth, General William ……. ,……… 800 _ Bunker, Alonzo ••••…..•…… , ..•..• 476 – on Denominationalism ………………. 133 – Chappel, Mary Holbrook ..•…………. 800 _ Diestellcamp, Pastor Ludwig, of Germany 636 – Republic, Problems Facing (b) Donald _ Ewing, Arthur H., of Inaia .. ,……… 877 – Funk, Isaac K ………… _. _……….• 377 MacGilivray ..•… , . • • • • • • . . • • • . . . . . •• 364 – Gracey, Dr. John T ……….. ,……… 156 – Harris, Dr. Elmore, of Toronto ……….• 156 – Revolution and Missions. John Ross…… 42 – Honda, Bishop Yoitsu …… , .. , ……••• 477 -Jessup, Samuel, of Syria ……………. 799 – Revolution from an Educational Viewpoint -John Griffith, of China ……………… 718 – Knox, George William in Korea ………. 475 (a) William Clement Isett. …………. 930 – Lang, David Marshall, of London …….. 636 -Lloyd, Arthur, of Japan …………….. 76 – Student Volunteer Movement …………. 644 – Mansell, Rev. Henry, of India……….. 76 – Matheson, James E" of London ………. 636 – Students Accepting Christ …•……… ,.. 552 – McLaurin, John, of India …•.•..••.. 477, 556 – Moffett, Mrs. S. A., of Korea ………..• 799 -Students' Christian Association ………… 315 – Moule, Bishop G. E ………………… 475 – Nicolai, Bishop ……………… , …… 477 – Students' Christian Union of Great Britain – Pearson, D. K., of Hinsdale., .. , . . . . . . . .• 4'76 – Pennell, Theodore L., of India ………. 475 and Ireland ……………………… 315 – Rudland, W. D" of China …..•. , •.••.• 236 – Seymour, Harriet, of Turkey …….. _… 396 – Students in America ..•…………… , .• 865 – Smyth, George B., of China .•.. , …….•• 156 – Sorenson, Wilhelm ………………… 396 – Students, Influence of America on (a) – Ziemendorff, Theodore •..•…. , .•……• 476 Denominationalism, Chinese on ……….. 133 Ying Yueh yang .•…•……..•…….. 353 Deficiencies in Modern Missions. (Editorial) 936 – University for Hankow …………….. 142 Ding Li Mei ….•••••….•…….•.••••..• 551. – Votes-for-Women Movement ………….. 874 Dinner in Beirut, Remarkable ………….. 708 – Woman Deacon ….. , ..••…•……….. 705 Disciples' Missionaries, India Convention Christ, the Missionary's Pattern …………. 215 of ……………………………. 707 Disunity, Shameful Case of ……••••••… 150 Christ's Mission, New york …………….. 222 Divine-Human Cooperation in the World's Christian Endeavor Convention in Norway … 869 Redemption (b) Delavan L. Leonard •• 589 Drummond Memorial, Henry …………..• 145 – Endeavor Moving on •……•…….. , .. 312 Dutch East Indies, Rhenish Society in the.. 155 Christian Village in Northwestern India (b) East Allame, The Nearer. G. F. Herrick … 887 Saint Nih.l Singh ……………….. 923 East Indies, Statistical Tables for Dutch .••• 380 Edea Sakbayeme. B. Hitcher •…..•..•.•••• 375 Christianity, How Do Men Judge ……… , .. 617 Church and the Immigrants (a) Leroy Hodges 167 ~ in China, Opportunity of the …………. 243 – Missionary Society, Prosperity Returning far the ……………………. 234, 713 – Union in Australia .•…………….. , .. 236 Churches in America, Mission Year in the .. 710 Cincinnati, World in ……………….. 149, 393 City, Children and the …………………. 216 – Colportage, Chronicle of …………….. 865 – Missions and Theological Student. (a) Edgar P. Hill ….•………….•… , .. 601 College for Religion and Social Workers ….. 313 Colombia, Opposition to the Gospel in.. . . . . .. 803 Committee Can Do, What the Missionary J. C. White ••..•• , .•..••..•….••. , .. 696 Commissariat, Missionary (b) William M.

Brewster ………………………… 598 Comstock, Anthony …. , .. , ………..•. , .. 391 CCinference in Persia …………..•……. 779 – in South Africa …•……••..•.••..•.•. 632 – in Sweden, National Missionary …….. 714 – in West Africa, Pan·Kongo Missionary .. 645 – of Mission Boards ••…••…..•••.•…• 165 – of Missionary Physicians •..•………… 223 – of Missionary Societies of Great Britain and Ireland …………………….. 646

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Education and Chinese Leaders, Christian. 625 Give, How Korean Student. • •••••••….•• 704 – in India, Christian ……………….. 550 Giving-A Self-Imposed Income Tax .••..• _" 65 – in New York, Missionary ………….. 543 – in Korea, Christian Union in ……•….. 474 – on the Mission Field………………. 796 – to Missions, E1(cuses for Not………… 62 Efficiency Test ………………………. 378 – to Missions, Reasons for Not .• _•..•. " 139 Egypt, Dr. Zwcmer to go to.•….••.•••.• 629 – Sacrificial (b) J. H. Jowett ………… 369 – to the Lord, Young Japanese ………. 628 – Efficient Missionary Helper ••••.•••••••.• 308 Goal of Missions ……………………. 62 – Great Annual Conference .•.•••••••…• 75 God, Doing our Best for. _…………… 217 – Missions in the Nile Valley……….. 75 – Thinks of Missions, What-Bible Read- – Netherlands Society in .•••••••••••••.• 715 ing. C. F. Reid…………………. 535 – Observations in …………………… 564 God's View of Idolatry. _… ____ . ____ .. _.. 438 Egypt, Strategic Points in Mission Work in 912 EI-Azhar, University of. (b) Sheikh Bonlos •• 769 England, Laymen's Movement in ………. 323 English Baptist Mission, Kongo • • • • • • • • .• 464 Gold Coast, Africa, Islam on the………. 309 Episcopal Church, Deplorable Situation in the 150 – – Five Kings at a Centennial on, ___ " 394 – Church in One City, Seven ….••••.•••• 230 – Diggers in South Africa, Among (a) A. W_ Baker …. __ ….. _…. _.. _….. _.. 424 – Protestant, Missionary Bishops 633 Eskimo Missions .. • • • • .. . .. . .. . .. .. • …. 711 Gospel in China, Power of the. William Eskimos of Labrador …….. _…. _…….. 711 Cooper •.••..•……….•••.•……..• 919 Europe-Evangelistic Campaign in Prospect 225 Gospel, Society for the Propagation of the 546 – Missionaryy Union for Southeast .. _.. …. 714 Gassner Missionary Society in India ….•• 383 – Work for Women Students in …..•••••• 154 Government in India, Missions and (b) B. Evangelistic Campaign in Prospect.. • • • • .• 225 C. Barber ………………………. 264 – Conference in Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 797 Governments, Christian, and Is]am 562 Every-member Canvass Did, What the .•…• 149 – Missions and ••……••..•….. ' _..••• " 126 Excuses for not Giving to Missions…….. 62 Grace Episcopal Church _…•• '" .•.•…• 710 Exhibit, Sample Missionary …..•…..• " 866 Gracey, John Talbot (a) Delavan Leonard Exposition in England, United Missionary.. 866 Pierson • • • • ..•.. _•…… _• . . . . . • . •• 283 Faith and Order, Conference on………. 61 Famine in China . _. . . . • . . . . . • . . • . • • • • • .• 206 – – – Memorial Service for …………. 635 Great Britain and Ireland, Chinese Students'

– in China, By-products of. …..••••••••. 706 Christian Union of '" _.•. '" ……•• 315 "Feast of the Cocoanut" Baby, India (b) – – – – Conference of Missionary Socie- Richard Burges ………………….. 765 ties of …………………………. 646 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ Greece, Gospel in …. _….. ______ .. _. __ .. 566 in America •.. • . . •• . . . .•• . •• • • .• 149, 486 Grenfell's Heaviest Burden Removed . . . . • . 795 Federation of Churches in Japan_ ……… 806 Gospel Brings Light, How the………….. 785 Gossner Missionary Society, Finance of.. 469 Fez, Morocco, Disturbances at . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Guatemala (a) Stanley White …•.. _•….•• 807 – Gospel in ………. ___ ……………. 151 Figue,ras Evangelistic Missions in Spain….. 225 Hague Conference on Opium ..••••….•. 324 Hartford School of Missions _..•.••..••.•• 221 Filipino, New Type of. Henry Weston Hawaii, Mormonism Invading••….••..•.•• 866 Munger . . • _. ____ •. _.• __ . ___ •.• _'" 526 Hayti, Gospel Work in ………………… 711 – Missions in ……………………….. 224 Finland, Advance in …………………. 713 Heathen, What the Bible Says of the James Fishers of Men ….. __ …. _.. _… _…. _'" 299 Smith •..•………•….•.••…..• 129 Foreign-Born in America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 Heathenism "Hard Hit" ………………. 792 – in America ••..•.. " ….•..•…..•… 216 – Presbyterian Work for •• • . . • • • • • • • . ••. 865 – of the South Seas, Old Time. Wilbur – Immigration Menace ……………….. 865 Foreigners California's Flood of ..•…•••••• 796 F. Crafts ••••…•…•.•••…..•.•••.. 529 – in America ………………………. 542 Hebrews, America's Share of ………….. 866 Hinder Christ, How Good Men .•…..••••• 699 – Presbyterian Work Among .•••••••••••• 709 Hindu, Condemns Hinduism _… _, _•.. _.•• 301 Formosa, Conditions in ………………. 30S – Uprising Against Caste .•.•.•..••..••.• 802 – First Conference of Missionaries in…. 629 Hinduism Aroused to Action __ …•. _…. 707 – To-day, Missions in (a) Hope Moncrief 95 – Typhoon Trials on the Mission Field… 229 – Heights and Depths of (a) J. N. Far- France? England to Evangelize……….. 153 quhar • _ _ _ ______ . __ • _•…. ___ .•. _. 247 – McAII Mission Honsed •.•• ,………… 867 – Outlook for the Gospel in…. • • •• • • •• 868 – Protestantism in .. _……'………….. 389 French Protestants, Religious Needs of…• 316 Georgia, Berry School in……………… 223 – What is •…•….••.•••..•••…•••.••.• 301 Hindus in Trinidad, Work for _. . . • • • • • • • • •• 225 German Baptists' Wark in Kamerun…. .. 629 Hiraiwa, Yoshissu •• _…… , ……….. 553, 627 Home Church and Foreign Missions (b) • – Colonies, Cost of Missions in………… 469 Robert E. Speer ………………… 682 – Seamen's Mission …………………. 713 – Mission Week …. _……………….. 859 –Work …………………………. 634 – Societies, Forward Movement of…….. 68 – Missions, Canadian ………………… 223 – Universities, Interest in Missions in …. 564 – – Chinese Engaged in ……………… 228 – – Council ……………………….. 326 – Women in Volunteer Parish Work …••• 546 —Work of the …………………. 6S Germany. Mission Study in .. ___ . __ • ___ •. _.• 565 – Student Volunteers in …………….. 67 Gift for Indili, Strategic ……………… 146 "Gideon." Invading the Orient………… 548

l'AG]! PAGE Home Missions, Going Abroad to Study ••••• 796 – CensuS, Figures …………………… 556 – – in America, Outlook for (a) Ward – Illiterates, Easy Method for. J. Knowles 269 Platt •.•.••.•••••.•.•…•..••.••••••• 823 – Native Congress …………………… 3()Z – – i n East Africa …………………. 76 – Students, Bibles for ……………….. 382 – – in North America ……………. • 1 – Tribe, Christianized • .. . • • .. • .. . .. • …. 152 How do Men Judge Christianity………. 617 Indians, American-Miracle of the Nez Iceland, Gospel in …………………… 869 Perces. (a) A. M. McClain ..•…..•..•• 567 Idolatries, Power Behind ••••••..•.•••••••• 348 – in the United States ……………….. 798 Idolatry, God's View of……………….. 438 – of Paraguay, Work Among .•.••..•..••.• 863 Immigrant, Practical World·Wide Service to – Recent Wrongs to American ……….. .- 711 the (a) Charles R. Towson ……….. 829 India's Evangelization, Native View of (b) – What New Britain is Doing to Help the P. O. Philip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 (b) Mrs. B. W. Labaree ………… 835 – Foe-Alcohol . . . . ………………… 301 Immigrants, Church and …………. .. … 540 -Women, Emancipation of …………••.• 471 – Church and the (a) Leroy Hodges …… 167 – – Old Age of. …………………….. 870 – Nationality of ……………………. 224 International Missionary Union •…….•.• 396 – To make Citizens of……………….. 709 Investigation of Missions, Peculiar …….. 538 Income, British Missionary ., . . • • • • • • • • • •. 620 Ireland's Great Revival ……………….. 225 Incredible Facts of Modern Mission (a) Islam Awakening? Is ………………… 401 Arth'ur T. Pierson ……………….. 689 – Cairo the Strategic Center of. Gharles INDIA, American School Stands First…… 72 R. Watson …………………….. 768 – Awakening ……………………….. 85 – Christian Governments and ………. .402, 562 – Bibles by the Million for…………… 706 – in Abyssinia • . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .• 466 – Census Notes ……………………… 145 – in Africa, Battle Against…………… 483 – Centenary of American Missions in •••••. 783 – in China ………………………… 229 -Centennial Near at Band in ………… 383 – i n Java ………………………….. 86 – Change Wrought by the Gospel in …… 227 – c>n tbe Gold Coast, Africa…………… 309 – Christian Education for …..•… " …. 550 – c>( Christianity in the Philippines? ….. 794 – Christian Growth in Thirty years …… 470 – Officially Recognized in Austria ……•..• 621 – Christian Progress in ……………… 301 – Pan·, in Russia …………………… 722 – Church Union in ………………….. 549 – Spreading in Nyassaland …………..•. 792 – Congress of Religions in All………… 71 – Upon Borneo, Spread of. …………… 381 – Convention of Disciples, Missionaries .•• 707 Islands of the Sea, Australasian Missionary – Decennial Census in ………….. . . … 227 Society in the ……………………. 793 -Efficient Service of Bible Women in …. 302 – – – – Missions in the. Facing. . . . . • .. 460 – "Feast of the Cocoanut" Baby in (b) Italian Bible Society, New …………….. 621 Richard Burges . • • .. ……………. 765 Italo·Turkish War, India and the ……..•• 382 – Federation in ……………………… 244 Italy, Catholic Church in………………. 469 -Gospel Triumphs in…………………. 70 – Pressing Forward, Waldensians of …….. 315 — Gossner Mission Converts .. . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Itigidi, West Africa, Wonderful Story of (b) -Higher Missionary Schools in………… 71 W. A. Gardiner …………………. 853 – Is a Better Day Dawning for ………. 243 Jaffa, Tabetha Mission in………………. 622 -Lutheran Conference, All-George Drach. 445 JAPAN a Persecutor? Is ………………. 702 – Mission Schools in' ………………… 470 – Baptist Program for ……………..•.. 643 – Missionary Statistics of. •……………. 300 – Chinese Students in ………………. 874 – Missions and Government in (b) B. C. – Christian Growth in ……………….. 627 Barber . . . . . . ….••……………, 264 – Christian Ideals Adopted in………… 73 – Moving Christward ………………… 404 – Christian Memorial in ……………… 554 -Northwestern, Christian Village in (b) – Christianity in ……………………. 642 Saint Nihal Singh …… .. .. .. .. . …. 923 – College, North (b) David B. Schneder .• 436 – Paradoxes of •. '" . . . .. . . . . . . • . . . . . … 144 – Composite Religion Proposed in …..•..• 473 – Persecution of Converts in ………… 383 – Decline of Buddhism in ……………. 230 – Progress of Moral Reform in ………. 382 – Family Worship in ……. .. .. . .. . .. .. 386 "" Religious Literature in ••.•…….•.••.. 784 – Federation of Churches in………….. 806 – Roman Catholic Educational Work in…. 871 – Fight for Social Purity in………….. 482 – Selling Bibles in ………………….. 549 – Foes of Christianity in ……………… 162 – Serious Lack of Missionary Pastors……. 349 – Good Tidings from ………….. : …… 386 – Signs of Dawn in …………………. 483 – His Word Gives Light in ………….• 554 – Story from. Connecting Link ………. 532 – How Family Worship is Conducted in …. 788, – Summer School for ……………….. 550 – Influence of the Bible in……………. 14 – Two Missions Become One in……….. 872 – Manifold Christian Progress in………. 701 – Union Theological College of South…… 145 – Methodism in " ………………….• 474 – What Remains to be Done in .•…•••…• 145 -Missionaries Needed for ……………. 618 – What the Visit of the Empress Did in .• 784 – Missionary Problems in (a) ………….• 659 – Women Doctors in ………………… 707 – Missionary Union in……………….. 3 – Work Among English·Speaking Peoples .• 623 – New Emperor of …………………. 701 Indian Association, American • . • • • • . . . . • • 65 – Practical Federation in ……. . . . . . . • .• 403 – Dishop, First N"tive H9 " … , ••• ,. I' • II … – Reli~ous Conferen~e ip , …. , , • , . , .• ,. 40Z PAGE PAGII Japan, R.,ligious Problem in (b) Henry Loomis 664 Korea, Fruit of Fidelity in…. . . . . • • . • • • . • •• 554 – Serious Hindrance to the Gospel in…… 144 – Further News from ……………….. 641 – Seven Episcopal Churches in One City.• 230 – Future Educational Policy for .••••••••••• 643 – Strength of Non·Christian Religions in .• 788 – Henry G. Appenzeller. of (a) William E. – Unity in ………………………… 875 Griffis ……………………….. 271 – Value of a Native. Ministry in ………. 230 – Japanese Ooud in ………………… 858 – – Persecution in ………………….. 163 – What God Has Done in Kobe ..•….•.• 875 – – Resident in …………………….. 628 Japanese Cloud in Korea ……………… 858 – Leprosy in ………………… ;……. 703 -=. Converted in Prison by the Study of the – Letter from .. .. • .. • .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. … 698 – Moving on Toward Self·Support•…….• 231 Bible ……………………….. 627 – Need for Bible Schools in. Wilbert W. – Giving to the Lord…………………. 628 – in America ………………………. 65 White ………………………. 127 – Korean Bible Committee …………… 144 – Prayer·life in • • • ………………. 703 -Many·sidedness of Things ……………• 701 – Presbyterian Host in ………………. 305 -Methodist Bishop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553, 627 – Progress of Christianity in (b) W. L.

– Persecution in Korea ……………… 163 Swallen • • • . . …………… : ….. 594 – Persecutors? Are the ……………… 789 – Prison, Transforming a .••…………• 702 – Salvation Army in…………………. 386 – Religion of Educated ……………….. 473 _ Stirring Letters from (a) D. L. Pier. – Residents in Korea •. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .• 628 – Suicide Sanctioned by Law…………… 628 son ………………………… 50S – Testimony of a Christian……………. 73 – Tribute to Missionaries in ………. _. .. 386 – View of Missions in Japan (b) Adachi – Union and Division (b) Helen T. Billings 189 – What God is Doing in Pyeng yang…… 305 Kinnosuke • • • ………………….. SO – Y. M. C. A. in ……………….. 74,475 _ Was Converted. Row a ……………… 304 – – in Seoul ………………………. 628 Java, Islam in …………………….. 866 Korean Christian Endured, What One .•.•• 703 Jew·Hate in South Russia ••••……•…..• 714 _ Christianity. Picture of. F. H. Paton ..•• 615 Jewish Seekers in Russia………………. 805 – Convinced by Christlike Deeds………. 387 Jews. Bible for the…………………… 66 -Missions in a Nutshell ……………. 230 – in Morocco, Massacres of ••….•……•. 789 – Religious Tract Society ………•.•..•• 231 – i n Palestine, Work for …………….. 781 – Students Give. How.. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . … 704 – in Russia ………………………… 226 Koreans and Japanese Fraternize……….. 74 Jerusalem, Jewish University at………… 69 – Self·Sacrifice Among ………………. 554 – Port of ………………………….. 548 Krus of Liberia, Work of Grace Among the. John. Dr. Griffith …………………. 304 Jubilee. Fruits of the Women's …………. 544 Walter B. Williams………………. 760 Kameroons, Basel Mission in the Southern. Kurdistan, Difficulties in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 708 – Work Begun in ………………….. 470 B. Hitcher ………………………. 375 Kuweit, Arabia, Occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Kameruns, Basel Mission in the Southern. Labrador, Dr. Gre'llfe))'s Heaviest Burden -New ………………………….. 233 Karmarkar, Vishnu Bhaskar (b) Richard Removed •• _ ………………….. 795 Burges ……………………… 765 – Eskimos of ………………………. 711 Kenoly, Jacob, Sketch of the Life of (a) C. Lambreth's Tour, Bishop ……………….. 717 Lambuth, Bishop, Among Cannibals …••..• 555 C. Smith ………………………. 752 Laos, Apostle to the: Daniel McGilvary Kbartum, Notable Union Service in …… 631 Kobe, What God Has Done in ………… 875 (a) John T. Faris ……………….. 727 Kongo, Affairs in the Upper…………. 4 _ Christians as Missionaries …..•… _. . •• 381 _ Cheering News from the …..•………. 717 Laymen in Church Work ……………… 7~7 _ English Baptist Mission on the………. 464 _ Training Schools for ………………. 797 – From the Upper…………………… 791 Laymen's Campaigu in Canada………… 6 _ Further News from the • • . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . 463 – Conference in Australia…………….. 86 _ Convention at Chattanooga .• . • . . . . . . .• 223 – Marvel Upon the …………………. 630 _ Missionary Movement of the. Presbyterian _ Mission, Conditions in the… • . . . . . . . . .. 147 _ Missionay Literature on the ……. ·……• 630 Church. . ……………………. 635 – Power of the Gospel in the………… 463 _ Movement in England …………….. 323 _ Present Conditions in the. John H. _ Movement is Doing, What the …••..• 391 Harris ………………………. 442 _ Movement Plans ….. • .. • .. . . .. .. . .. … 313 – Progress in the …………………… 790 Leipsic Evangelical Luther.,n Mission……. 226 _ Prosperous Mission on the………….. 394 Lepers in South America .•••… _…•…• 796 _ Reforms • . • • • …………………. 463 – of the Far East, Hope for………….. 367 _ State, In Straits for Toilers at Luebo 147 _ Successor to Father Damien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Leprosy .in Korea ……………………. 703 Koran, Persian Copy of the (b) J. David· Liberia, Self-Appointed Missionary to. Jacob son Frame ……………………… 761 Kenoly (a) C. C. Smith ………….. 752 KOREA, Achievement of a Quarter-Century in 230 _ Work of Grace Among the Krus of -Changes in ………………………. 2 – Changes Seen in One Village in…….. 144 Walter B. Williams ……………… 760 _ Christian Union in Education in…••.•. 474 Library, Ship's Missionary…………….. 633 Link, Connecting-Story from India. Anstice – Conditions in • • • •.• .. .. • .. • .. .. • .. •• 723 Abbott …………………………. 533 Lin Sllao.Yang a European ..•…..•…….• 229 Mohammedans in Togoland •………….• 309 Literature in India, Religious .•…….. " 784 – of Borneo …………………….. ,.. 722 Livingstone Sellolarsllip in Prospect……… 620 – Upon Sumatra, Opposition of ………•• 236 Livingstone's Birtll, Centenary of………•. 620 .:::::::: Moody Bible Institute to Date………… 64 LivinJ!8~onia, Good '1;'idings from………… 465 ~~~::t:n PMi!!r;: iht BS~~r;~m ~~.~ ~~~ – Stlrnng Scenes Itt •••••••••••••••••••• 876 – Missions, Present State of. . . . . . . . . . . . 61 London, Buddllism in •…..••.•.•…•….. 884 Moravian. for Retrenchment. ……..•…..• 226 Lord's Prayer Corrected ….••…….. " 406 – in Nicaragua. T. Reinke.. . . . . • . . . . . .• 208 Los von Rome Movement. ….•……….. 154 Mormon Missionaries, Activity of ……..•• 710 Lumber·Jack Call of the. (a) CIlas. A. Bowen 513 Mormonism Invading Hawaii …….•.. " 866 Lutberan Conference,' All·India. George – o.f To-day ………………………… 166 – To Counteract …….. , …………….. 868 Drach ••••••.•….•……………. 445 Morocco, Disturbances at Fez ……………. 562 Madaasear, Antagonism in ……………. 163 – Franco-German Agreement for………. 146 – Evd Case of ……………….. '.' … " 792 – Massacres of Jews in ……………… 789 – Heathen Revival in •… ,…………… 148 – Troubles in ……………………… 231 – L~te~t fro.m ………………………. 633 Moslem Call to Arms ……………… 789 – MISSIOns In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – Missions, For …………………….. 151 – Revival in ……………………. '" 718 – on Matrimony and Divorce. M. Fadi! 131 – Testimony to the Success of MissiImB…. 234 Madero, President, and the Bible………. 222 m – World, Claims of the (b) Robert E. Madras, High'caste Hindus in …………..• 145 Malagasy Prince …………………….. 235 -~Ki;e';"e;"t~ 'i; ti.~:: :::::: ::: :::::::: Malaysia, Anglo·Chinese School in………. 381 – – Prayer for the ………………… 721 – ProflTess in Siam and……………….. 380 Moslems Astir, CIlinese …. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 – Stahstical Tables for …………….. 380 – Crowding into Christian Schools…….. 70 Malcolm, Ian Z., on Missionary Methods …. 218 – in Europe, Strengthening Work Among.. 387 Mandarin to Terms, Bringing a . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 – Petitioning for a School in Sierra Leone 147 Manila, Students or ………………….. 794 – Touched by Medical Missions ……….. 715 Manchu Women Astir ……………….. 786 Mothers of the Teml1le ………………. 298 Manchus, Physician who Overthrew the .. 553 Matt's World TOUT, John R …•••.•.•…. 635 – What is Left to…………………… 472 Nanking, Great Educational Center in…… 142 MeAn Mission Anniversary …………….. 713 – Union Bible School in……………… 384 – – Fitly Housed in France…………… 867 – University of (b) L. Pearl Boggs …… 173 McGilvary, Daniel; The Apostle to tbe Laos Narrowness and Indifference …••..•…….. 718 Natal, Rejoicings in ………………. 148, 394 (a) John T. Faris ………………. 727 Native Churches in Burma, Missionary Work Mecca, Visit to a Woman Pilgrim from. of (b) Sumner R. VIOton…………. 55 Ne8'l:O, American, Tuskagee to Date .. ,….. 64 (a) Josephine E. Spaetb ………..• 771 – First Internahonal Congress on the (b) Medical Experiences on tbe Afghan Fron· A. W. Baker ………………… '" 440 tier (a) T. L. Pennell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 – Missions. Moslems Touched by ……… 715 Men and Religion Forward Movement .. 325, 379 – International Conference on the…. . . .. 393 Men's Conservation Congress . . . . . . . . . .• 405 – Mental Capacity of ………………… 464 – Missionary Movement ………………. 314 – Self·Help Creed for ………………. 798 – Society and Missions, Cburch of Eng· – Work for the ……………………. 467 Netherlands Society in Egypt…••………. 715 land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : … 713 New Britaiil is Doing to Help. tllle Immi· Merchants and Missions……………….. 543 Methodism in Japan …………….. " 474 grant, mat (b) Mr!. B. W. Labaree .. 835 Methodist Church of Japan.••.•.••.•••…..• 144 New Hebrides, Misgnvernment in the ….•• 236 – Progress in Algeria…………………. 789 – Secretaries • • . . ……………… " 542 –News from the………………… 156 – Order of Life …………………… 138 – Women, Works of ……………….. 542 New York a Native or Foreign City_ …….. 314 – Work in Tunis .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 462 Methodists in North Africa…………… 875 – – Christ's Mission • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222 – – Church Extension in .. .. .. .. . .. . … 220 Methods, An M. P.'s Criticism on Missionary 218 – – Population of Greater ………….. 392 :: :: Mexico, Conditions in 861 l"ew Zealand Almost for Prohibition ….• 541 218 – Missionary Statistical •T~bl~~' • f~;:: Nez Perces, Miracle of the (a) A M. Me· – Situation in …. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. • .. …. 484 – Statistics for ……………………. 219 Clain ………………………….. 567 Nicaragua, Moravians in. T. Reinke .•••.• 208 Miaos, CIlina, Results Among tbe………. 228 Nile MiSSIOns Pre.s ………………….. 308 Mission Fields, Voices from the. John R. Mott ………………………… 608 Non·Christian Teachers in Mission Schools.. 913 North Africa, Methodists in ………….. 875 Missionaries as Empire Builders …….•.• 219 – Systematic Training for (b) Georgina A. Norway, Christian Endeavor Convention.. 869 ONbyearslsianl,anSd1nanIssilaDmay Spreadi ng in .. '….•• " 792 Golloch ……………………… 197 at …. … . …. …… .. 312 – Unwilling . • . … . .. . .. . . . .. • .. . .. .• 137 Offerings, Missionary, in New york …….• 543 Missionary Assets and Liabilities, 1911 (a) Okayarna, Social Settlement in the Slums James S. Dennis…………………. 7 of (a) Kate G. Lamson…………… 907 – Education Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 795 Opimn Again, CIlina and ……………… 626 – – Movement, Conferenee of .•…•…. " 866 -China and ……………………….. 551 Missionary Experts in Conference (a) – Curse, Britain Abating the ….•…….•. 871 Julius Richter •.•…•.••..•.••……. 901 .- from CIlina, Eradicating…………….. 142 – Forces, Additions to tbe……………. 220 =r::d~~' ~~~lereo:ce" ::::::::: ::: ::::::: ~g – Hague Conference on .•.. .. .. • . . . .. . .• 324 Opportunities In the World Field. J. W. Bashford • • • • ………………… 775 – Life, Facts and Fiction About (b) C. T. Orientals, Union Work for •…….•…..• 864 Riggs ………………………. 684 – Union Work for, on the Pacific Coast.. 5 -RE."~Ew, Thirty·five Years of the ………. 937 Palestine, Good News and Evil from …… 782 -SPlMt ……………………….. 137 – Progress in ………………………. 69 – Thoughts • • • . ……………….. … 839 Missions and Government in India (b) B. – Strategic Mission Center .•.••..•.•.•…• 782 – ~:yrian Orphanage Rebuilt •••…••.•..•• 227 C. Barber ………………………. 264 – Work for Jews in ………………… 781 – and Omissions (b) Amos R. Wells .•… 422 – Roman Catholic, Europe. Facing lage. 560 Pamphlets, Recent ……………………. 640 Panama Canal Zone, Conditions in………. 152 – Incredible Facts of Modern (a) . T. —Needs of the …………………. 861 Pierson . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 689 Mission Schools, Non·CIlristian, Teach.,.,.s in 913 Papal Missions to Protestants …….. • . . • 63 Paraguay, Work Among Indians of …•..•• 863 Modern Views of Missions……………. 459 Parents of Volunteers ………………… 62 Mohammedan Sect in Bulgaria………… 68 – World in this Generation, Evangelization PariSI Britisb·American Y. W. C. A. of…. 225 – Missions Society, New Dicector of….• 546 of (a) S. M. Zwemer…………….. 746 Pastor's Movement Needed .•.• , ..• , . . . •• 140

INDEX

FAGB mPAGI!; Pattern, Christ, ·The Missionary's••…..•.. 215 ~:~~ t~:dGo~~~1 ~~~leWiij,~i~"F~tl~;:::::: Paul's Missionary Principles ……••…….. 616 Paul's Missionary Program ……………. 938 Peace, Agitation for Universal ……….•. 314 – Church Growth in …………………. 468 – in Need, Millions in………………… 69 -and War, Cost of.. ……………….. 59 Peking, Princeton in…………………. 873 – tew.hate in South. .. • .. .. .. .. .. . .. …. 714 – ewish. Seekers in …. .. .. • .. .. . .. …. 805 Pennell, Mrs. Theodore L ….•..••••..•• 784 – ews IU …………………………. 226 Persecution in India …………………. 71 – an·Islam in ……………………… 722 – of Converts in India ••••….•..•…•…• 383 – Persia and ……………………….. 3 – P~ogressing. Bal1tist Work in………… 324 PERSIA and Russia …………………. 3 RUSSIan Women Students. Work Among .. 388 – Bible Work in…………………….. 227 – Boycott in ……………………….. 782 Sacrifice. Wilfred T. Grenfell. ………• 128 Sailors, Ministering to the Needs of……… 64 – Girls Becoming Christians in………… 783 – in 1912, Missionary Conference in …••••• 387 Salvation Army, Foreign Missions of the .• 849 – Misgovernment in ••• ~ . • • • • • . .. . . • . . • • • .• 306 – – in Korea • .. • .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . … 386 –in New york ………………….. 390 – Missionary Conference in…•……..•••• 779 – – t o Date ……………………… 712 – Missionary Outlook in………………. 406 – Missionary Work in Bagdad….•••.•.••• 623 –to Enter China………………….. 875 – New Bishop of ………………….. 870 – – Year of the …………………….. 313 Samoa and India Send Gifts …………•• 542 – Poor Little Mothers in ….••……••• 783 Samoan Note-Marvel in Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 =i~~~fe."[~rf~~~•.i~•. :::::::::::::::::::: g!~ Schools for Christian Workers in Scotland. 620 – in India as Missionary Agencies………. 470 Persian Copy of the Koran (b) J. Davidson Scientific Management of Missions ……… 377 Frame ………………………….. 7'61 Persians in Chicago .•••••••….•..•….••• 220 Scotchman and hi. Use of the Bible. Tenacious 899 Persia's Plight and Plea (a) H. C. Scbuler 183 Scotland, Bible League in……………… 468 Peruvian Rubber Atrocities •…•••.•…• •• 724 – Schools for Christian Workers in …….• 620 Pbilafrican Mission ………………… , 792 Scottish Missions Cost, What………….. 468 Philippine Islands, Difficulties in the…… 794 Scott's Golden Wedding. Dr. T. J ..•……• 635 – School Burned, Famous……………..• .741 Self·Support, Korea Moving on 'Toward…. 231 Philippin~~. Bible in the………………. 877 Sermon, Nine Points for a Missionary …. 619 Shanghai, Memorial Christian Hall in…… 143 – Bible work in the …………………. 793 – Resoue Work in …………………… 874 – Gains of Twelve years.•.••……..•.. 794 – Training School Opened Near………… 705 – Islam or Christianity?……………… 794 Shansi Independent Church. China …….. 802 – Presbyterian Success in •…….•…… 235 – Religious Liberty in the……………. <tItl Ship's Missionary Library ••.••.••………• 633 Physicians, Conference of Missionary…… 223 SIAM. Among the .Women of •••……….• 550 -and Her New KIDg (b) P. L. S. T ….• 360 Pierson Memorial, Arthur T………….. 538 – and Malaysia, Progress in .•………… 380 Plague in Siam ……………………… 708 Porto Rico, Missions in .•.•……… o' • • • • •• 224 – Becoming Modernized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 228 Prayer and Missions. John R. Mott…….. 822 – Boon·Itt, Christian Leader (a) Belle M. Brain ……………………….. 327 Pray. How to "Thy Kingdom Come" (b) – Changes in ….. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . 3 John H. Jowett………………….. 584 – Encouraging Progress in .•…………..• 565 Prayer for the Moslem World ………..• 721 – Hung up in Operating.Room of a Chineseo – Missionar.ies .Hindered in ……•…….. 624 Mission Hospital …………………. 263 – OPlpapgouretu!Illllty…ID………….•……………..•.•……………… 381 = u:.f ::::: – Life in .Korea…………………….. 703 – 708 ~i!k OU.r.. ~:~:~'.. ~~~~~c:~~~~: 3~y – Statistical Tables for …. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 380 Siberian Exile Converted. Louis Meyer…… 203 Sierra Leone Chureh, Juhilee of the…..• 875 Preshyterian Church South ………….• 710 – Foreign Missions. Growth of ………..• 393 – – Fourah Bay College ……………… 462 -Jubilee in Brazil …………………. 544 – – Moslems Petitioning for School in…. 147 Sinews of War (b) Samuel M. Zwemer .•.. 494 – Union in Korea ••…•……………..• 554 Slaves, Last of the Arab. . . • . . . • . • • . • • •• 631 – Work Among Foreigners ……………• 709 – Work for the Foreign·born ………..• 865 – Selling Wives as. in Africa…………. 630 – Work. Fruit from ………………… 232 Slovaks. Annual Eruption of. . . • . • . . . • •• 799 Presbyterianism Making Gains in Brazil. ..• 712 Social Purity in Japan. Fight for …….. 482 Press Bureau, Missionary •…………… 536 Social Settlement in the Slums of Okayama Princeton in PekinJJ ………………… 873 (a) 'Kate G. La1D$On ……………. .,. 907 Printing-press as an Evangelizer………… 382 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 390 South Afri"", Fourth General Mosaionary Con- Progress. Judging Missionary •..•…… : 138 ference of ……………………… 847 Prospectus for 1913 ………………….. 937 Putamayo Indians, Missions to the…….. 725 – – Missionary Occupation of (a) H. P.

Qua lboe Mission …………………… 462 B""ch ;,' : • .:…………………… 840 Raj a who Sacrificed a Throne for Christ. – African Orient ••.. '" ……………. 310 Saint Nihal Singh ……………….. 200 – America. Bible in Chinook Jargon …… 795 Ramabai. Pandita. At Mukti with ………. 383 – – Bibles for ……………………… 112 Religion. Comparative ………………… 537 – – Evangelical Union of …………..• 153 – – First Students' Conference in…….. 861 -in China (a) Frank Rawlinson …•…. 177 – – Lepers in ………………………. 796 Rescue Mission Work …………………. 221 Responsible? Who is………………….. 380 – – What a Testament did for a Soldier in 712 – American Heathenism • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .• 467 Rest Home for Missionaries………….•• 544 – Americans, Bible for • .. • .. . .. • .. . …. 795 Review. Future of the ………………. 460 – America's Indians …………………. 545 Revival Scenes in China (b) J. Goforth …..• 927 Rhenish Missionary SOcIety……………. 547 Southland. Men of the………………… 245 Rhodesia. Revival of Heathenism in. . . . .• 148 South Seas. Old Time Heathenism of the. Richter, Julius, of Germany……………. 67 Wilbur F. Crafts………………….. 529 Richter'. Future Work. Dr. Juliu.. . . • . . •• 868 Spain, Figueras Evangelistic Mission in…. 22G Roman Catholic Educational Work in India 871 – R~ligious Ne~. of (b) Adolfo Araujo …. 612 Spamsh. Our NeIghbors the •…. : .•..•.••.• 863 – – Europe, Missions and ••••.. Facing page 561 – – Missions ……………………….. 63 – .R.eligjous T,act and Book Society…….. 546 Spltlt·Fdled Llf~~ Influence of a ……•..• 30r – – Missions to the non·Christian World. Spirtual Life, Missionary's Own. Donald .. . .. .. . .. • ….. … .. • .. .• Facing page 560 Fraser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 – – University for Japan……………. 74 – Catholics and Politics ………………. 391 Statistical Tables for China, Missionary…. 88 – – in Belgium …………………….. 565 Rome and Mixed Marriages.•…•….•.••• 154 – – .for India. Burma and Ceylon. Mis- Rotbkirch, Eberhard von……………….. 547 – ~lo~a7Ie;"i~0·. 'C~nt;"'I' A';;e~i~~ •~;"d' W;st 300 Rubber Atrocities. Peruvian ••.• , .•• '" ••• 724 Indies ……………………….. 218 Rubnsana. Dr. ………………………. 464 – – for Siam, Malaysia and Dutch East Russell, C. T .• Pastor …………………. 538 Indies • '. • • .. ……………… ; … 380

PAGE PAGE Statistics, American Church •••••••…….. 221 Tuskegee to Date ……………………. 64 -for M19e1x1I1coM.is.s.i.o.n.a.r.y…… …… . . … …… 60 Uganda. Christmas in …………………. 395 _ for …… . . … …… 219 – Church. Present …………………… 631 _ of India. Missionary ……………….. 300 – Hopeful Outlook in ………………… 631 – of Missions in Africa……………….. 460 – Second ………………………….. 311 _ of Roman Catholic Missions.•. Facing page 561 Unifying Force. Missions as a………….. 62 Strategy. Missionary …………………. 616 Union and Division in Korea (b) Helen T. Student Volunteer Conference .••.••.•.••• 225 Billings …….. .•• . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .• 189 –Movement, Chinese ……………… 644 – Church, a Success in South India….•..• 146 – Volunteers in Germany……………… 67 – Hindrance to Church, in Canada…….. 634 Students' Conference in South Africa… First 861 – in Canada. Church…………………. 864 Students. Influence of America on <.;hinese -in India. Church …………………… 549 (a) Ying·Yueh Yang …………….. 353 – of Effort in South Africa ……………• 555 Study_ Class at Work. Women's Mission. – Work for Orientals on the Pacific Coast.. 5 -l'l:r… W~ H. Farmer…………….. 48 United Presbyterian Church-Million Dollars _ M.ss.on. 10 Germany ……………… 565 for Miss.ons …………………… , 246- _ _ Ur~d in Eurolle………………… IS4 – – Mission. American ………………. 302 Sudan Pioneer M.ss.on ….. • . .. . .. .. • … 308 – Presbyterians Aiming at a Million Dol· _ Women in the. Karl Kumm …………. 441 lars ………………………….. 634 Sumatra. Mission Jubilee in ……….••.. 816 – States. Indians in the ……………… 798 – Opposition of M'ohammedans Upon…… 236 – – Men of the Southland……………. 245 _ Progress Among the Bataks in ………. 155 – – Union Work for Orientals in the….. 5 Sunday School. Greatest Men's Organiza· Unity_ and Cooperation in Practise (b) tion ………………………. ,. 314 Henry T. Hodgkin………………… 112 Sun Yat Sen ……………………… 85. 553 – Bishop on Christian ………………… 153 _ _ – AntecedenTs of …… .. …. .. .. … 385 – Christian and Missions …………….. 58 Surinam, Moravian Mission in ……….•• 545 -;-as !' Missio~ary Asset (b) Silas McBee. 40 Sweden, General Missionary Conference in.. 68 – m Chma, ChrIStian ………………… 372 _ National Missionary Conference in …••… 714 – in Japan …'………………………. 815 Syria, Beirut Theological Seminary. • . • • . .. 306 – in our Lord's Intercessory P"y~_r…… 300 _ Fruit of the Gospel in …………… 410 – Possible to·da,. in Missionary Work Is Syrian Orphanage Rebunt•••.•••••••••.••.• 221 (b) .Julius R.cllter ………………… 30 Syria's Missionary Educators. Union of ••..• 622 Unoccup.ed Mission Fields in Western and Tabeha Mission in Jaffa ……………….. 622 Southwestern Arabia (a) John C. Telugu Mission Diamondul;ubilee ••.••..••.• 549 y~ung ..:., ………………………. 891 Tem~':,":!~e •~~~•••~~ •…~~I.e.a.s~~~•. ~~~~~~ 149 Unwdbng M,sSlonanes ……..•.•.••..•. , 137 Vice, Forty Years of War Against. …….. 391 -in the British Army………………… 153 Voices from the Mission Fields. John R. Mott 608 Testimony of a Christian Jaranese. • • . • • . . . 13 – that CaIl to Missions……………….. 298 .. Theological Students. City M.ssions and (a) "Th:d£~f~mH~~~~:,:. 'H~~' t~" p~~;;' (b) 601 Volura'Iro~o~~~~s.. ~~~~~. ~!~~.~: ~~~~~49 Volunteer Lay Missionary. Arrival of a .•.• 871 John H. Jowett ………………….. 584 Waldensians of Italy Pressing Forward …. 315 Tibet. At the Gate of………………… 143 War and Peace. Cost of……………… 59 – Darkness of …. .. • .. . • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Warships. Y. M. C. A. Men on American .• 221 – Good News from …… .. . • .. . . .. .. …. 885 Water Street Mission ………………… 542 – Lama Ba",tized at Poo……………… 788- Wesleyan Work Prospering ….•..••••….. 311 Tibetan Chnstians …………….. • . • • … 787 West Africa-Fruit from Presbyterian Work Tibet's Condition and Need …………….. 781 in …………………………… 232 Titanic Disaster and Its Lessons….••.•.••• 459 – Indies, Missionary Statistical Tables fpr.. 218 TTOoggOoIanAdt the End of a Half·Century in ..•• 141 Wife. Missionary's (a) Kate G. Lamson …• S19 Among Mobammedans in …….• 309 Wishes and Needs……………………. 60 Tonkin French Colony of (b) S. Pollard…. 580 Woman's Life in East Arabia (b) Mrs. S. TraF.y at Sianfu. China. Rev. Mr. Beckman 773 M. Zwetn,er ………….. , ………. 136 Traming for Missionaries (b) Georgina A. Women Astir. Manchu •..•..•.••.••..•…• 186 Golloch ………………………… 191 – Doctors in India …………,………… 707 – Missionary. Conference •••• • . • • . • • • • . . .. 222 – in the Sudan. Karl Kumm ..•……….. 441 – Schools for Laymen………………… 797 – Old Age of India's………………… 870 m – – Increasing, Missionary ••…..••.• • . •• 486 Women's Mission Study Class at Work. Mrs. f~{';te~:g~i~l:,n::feso~n 'K~~~~: :::: :::::: Wm. H. Farmer …………………. 48 – Work for Women ………………….. 154 Trinidad" Work for Hindus in ………… 225 World's Population …………………… 61 'Trinitr rarish. in New York City………. 466- – Redemption. Divine·Human Cooperation in Tripob add the Sanusi ……………….. 83 c tbe (b) Delavan L. Leonard ….•……• 589 – Plight of (a) W. Reid …………….. 119- Workers Worth While. Voluntary (b) John R. _ Situation in • .. .. .. .. • • .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 4,62 , Mott …………………………… 449 i'tl'~'b~eth~~~st~r~~::::::::: ::::::::: ~4~ Y. M. C. A., Alumni Work of the Inter· , national …………………" .. .. … 467 – Bible Distribution in ………………. 227 …:..—Canvas for Men ………….. 867 – Call from Eupbrates College………… 306- ..:..—Five Years of………………. 63 – in the Throes of National Rebirth (b) —-in China ……………….. 73.473 George F. Herrick ……………….. 349 – – – – i n Korea ………………. 74. 475 – Li,ht and Shadow ………………… 56-1 – – – – i n Seoul …………………. 628 -M••sion. Growth of the Western…….. 548 _ _ _ _ Men on American Warships .•••.• 221 – Real Gains in …………………….. 714 Y. P. S. C. E. Still Astir…………….. 64 – Real Progress in……………………. 84 Y. W. C. A. of Paris. Britlsh·American…. 225 – What Mission Schools are Doing……… 301 Yuan·Shi·Kal on Christian Missions•••….. 141 Turkish Army. Christians in the ………… 870 Zionism Without Jewish Independence…… 66 – Christians. Rel!gious Paper for ..••.••••• 781 Zulus: Heathen and Christian (a) John L. Turks. Troubles Increase for the Young … 781 Dube ………….. ; ……………… 407 TuskAeg. eeW. Ala.·Congress on the Negro (b) Zwemer, Samuel'M., to go to Egypt ……• 629 Baker ……….. …. …… :; … 440

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1912

SEA PROTESTANT MI5510Nb

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MAP OF TURKISH EMPIRE

SULTAN'S PALACE ON THE BOSP H ORUS, CONSTANTINOPLE

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. XXXV. No. 12. DECEMBER, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. 12. Old Seri.. New Series Signs of the Times ITHE BALKAN WAR AND MISSIONS holy war, and even the bishop of the T is difficult to estimate the effects Russian Church in New York City of such a great war waged so invoked the blessing of God upon the rapidly and so fiercely. Undoubtedly Bulgarian arms, and with vivid imagione of the immediate results will be nation has pictured the Russian Cross Moslem alienation and the feeling on placed triumphantly upon the mosque the part of the Turks of the bitterest of St. Sophia (formerly a Christian hostility. The work of the mission- church), in tbe heart of Constantinaries, which has brought them into ople. The Turks resent the kindly personal contact with the Mohamme- ministrations of the Red Cross Sodans, and by way of evangelization, ciety, because of the symbolism of its must, for a time, be suspended. As name, for they hate every form of the a result of their defeats, the Moslems cross, and they have attempted to will be for a long time to corne in a form a Red Crescent Society of their sullen and angry mood. Their na- own. tional pride and their religious predominance in European Turkey have While the immediate results of this been broken. They now fear that their war must be turmoil and suspicion ancient and cherished mosques in and hatred, with possible destruction Adrianople will be utterly demolished of missionary property and loss of by the Bulgarians, and Constantinople life, the eventual and far-reaching efitself has been .thrown into panic. fects will be propitious. Constantin- Altho most of the Turks realize the ople will be humiliated, if not actually Itafian war and the Balkan war have captured. The illusion of Panbeen prompted by political and selfish Islamism will be checked, and, permotives on the part of neighboring haps, destroyed. Orientals instinctnations, yet they must feel that these ively accept the accomplished fact are the last angry thrusts of Christen- with stoicism. If the Bulgarians are dom in attempting to drive back and victors, it is the decree of God. Thus overthrow Mohammedan government. Islam will lose its absolutism and its Indeed, the kings of the allied states proud spirit of domination, which is have declared their invasion to be a held by the masses of Turks without personal conviction or reasoning faith.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributers of siiDed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

The Bulgarian Government is more College and of the American College tolerant and friendly toward mission- for Women. There are also several ary work than either the Austrian cr other missions in the disturbed territhe Russian. The Bulgarians always tory. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE. recognize the great debt which they owe to Robert College as the one in- PAN-ISLAMISM AND THE BALKAN stitution where their young men were WAR trained during the seventies and eighties for building up the new na- THE war between Turkey and the tion. Translation of the Bible into minor powers of the Balkan Bulgarian was accomplished by a committee of missionaries and native help- Peninsula will no doubt give great ers, and in most all the Bulgarian impetus to Pan-Islamism. Religious homes copies of the Scriptures are feeling will be aroused whether Turnow found. The people have wel- key conquers or is conquered. The comed this great gift which has come struggle is one between nominal through the Americans. But while we Christian forces and a Moslem state. try to see in this titanic conflict some future blessing and some final good, Observers of the undercurrents of we can not avoid the sad conviction political and religious feeling in India that, like the Crusades, this invasion and the Middle East have watched by the allies is utterly unchristian. with some apprehension the progress The methods of war are barbarous, of Pan-Islamism caused by the and Christ can not be conceived of as course of events in Persia and the countenancing the awful bloodshed, now finished war between Italy and the burning of villages, and the wide- Turkey. The Indian Mohammedan spread plundering, but to the Balkan Press, the pilgrims returning from people and to the Greeks this war is Mecca, and Arabic and Turkish agiinvested with sacred sanction. They tators have spread the belief among look upon it much as some northern the vast Mohammedan population of men have always looked upon the Asia, and especially of India, that a Civil War in America, as a great sac- conspiracy exists among the Chrisrifice in a just cause. But, mixt with tian Powers of Europe to destroy the these humanitarian motives there are few Mohammedan States and annex the most ppwerful motives of national their territories. Does not the war ambition and revenge, so that it is hard now raging in the Balkans look like for us to believe that the war was a confirmation of such a conspiracy? altogether unavoidable. Mohammedans in general are con- The American Board has estab- vinced that they have been abominlished work at Samakon and Philip- ably treated lately and that this has popolis (the ancient Philippi), in Bul- been done by a previously arranged garia, and in the cities of Monastir agreement of the Powers. The Mosand Salonica (ancient Thessalonica), lem Press in India has been denouncin Macedonia, and at Kortcha, Al- ing the British policy in Persia in bania. Constantinople is a great mis- bitter terms, while the Moslem Press sionary center and the seat of Robert at large seems to desire the proclama- tion of a Holy War. It looks to the Amir of Afghanistan as the leader of such, because Afghanistan is the last of the really independent Mohamme-

OF THE TIMES

dan States. Its Moslem priests are Heeding the urgent appeals of influential and powerful, and under Mr. Griffin the Synod of the Gold their preaching the turbulent fanat- Coast District took the initiative step icism of the people has greatly in- in the great campaign among these creased of late. There is danger that heathen and against Islam.' Two the Amir may listen to the flatteries missionaries, two out 'of her all too and, inflated with pride, may assume small staff of eight Europeans, were the championship of the Moslem set apart for pioneer work in the world, tho at present Pan-Islam· Northern Territories. Soon a third ism seems to lack both militant capac- European may follow them.

ity and practical cohesion, which are At the same time a well-equipped necessary for a Holy War. Training College, supported by local A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN WEST funds, is being erected. God willing, AFRICA it will send forth a stream of native DURING the past few years the agents and ministers, who will also 'Wesleyan Methodist Church of be supported from local resources, to assist the missionaries in the far England reports more results in Af- Sudan. Thus the native churches of rica than in all their other fields put the Gold Coast have started a great together. More than half of the in- forward movement in the battle crease has been in West Africa. against Islam. God bless them. This year's total increase has been 1600, of which the Gold Coast con- ABUDDHISTS CONVERTED IN BURMA tributed g60. N extraordinary spiritual stirring of "dry bones" of Buddhism is It is natural that under these cir- cumstances the Wesleyans are plan- taking place in the Hinthahdah dis- ning a forward movement "in the Hin- trict, in Burma. For some two or terlands of West Africa, where the three years past a very prominent heathen tribes are rapidly becoming Buddhist priest has been traveling Mohammedan. The Northern Terri- through the length and breadth of the tories of the Gold Coast beyond Sa- country, exhorting the people to ab- laga have been selected. They are stain from animal food and to live still virgin soil, and their hundreds pure lives. Other priests followed in of thousands of pagans are still un- his footsteps. Then a hermit began touched by Islam. No missionary to lead a movement toward holiness ever penetrated the dark region until of life by means of self-denial, soli- this year, when the chairman of the tary meditation, and giving for re- Gold Coast District, Rev. W. R. ligious and charitable purposes. He Griffin, accompanied by a native min- had secured over 3,000 followers, ister,. pushed his way north for about when he met a catechist of the So- 600 miles as far as Navoro on the ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- borders of the French Sudan. pel, who told him of Christ and the Everywhere he was well received. way of salvation. By the grace of Everywhere the country is open for God, the Buddhist hermit has been unlimited missionary advance, while converted, and is seeking prayerfully there is imminent danger of Moham- and faithfully to lead his followers medan advance and conquest. to Christ.

Miss Susan E. Haswell, a veteran discourse on the four noble truths by missionary in Burma, came among Ananda Metteya (Macgregor), of these people and was able to lead Burma. Mrs. Rhys Davids, who is them on in the way of salvation. She a quite well-known scholar, gave the found a surprizingly large number of presidential address, in which "our earnest spiritual inquirers, and she theosophical friends" were referred states that in So years of missioaary to and Christ and Buddha were se- life she has never known such a lected as examples of great teachers.

wide-spread movement Godward The Buddhist Society's general sec- among the Buddhists. In Prome, the retary gave an outline of Gautama's Baptist missionary told her that there life, while the next speaker spoke of a Buddhist priest was the head of a England's great need of the gift of new sect seeking for righteousness, Truth, and of "the omniscient eye of and that one of the priests who had the all-pervading tenderness of Bud- joined the sect had become a Chris- dha." A lady followed, a traveler, tian. He was baptized at the annual who stated that she was not a Bud- meeting of the Prome Baptist Asso- dhist, but that having counted over ciation. At Pegu, another Buddhist forty religions in America and then priest has abjured idolatry and has gone on to Burma, and watched the taught his 200 followers to do like- joyous Burman, she had discovered wise. In consequence, he and his that these forty religions had each followers have been publicly excom- borrowed something from Buddhism!

municated by 200 Buddhist priests, Other speakers followed, each prais- who assembled for the purpose. ing Buddhism and affirming that Bud- Surely, God is working among the dhism has a message for Western Buddhists in Burma. countries. N a discussion was allowed, but it was announced that an open BUDDHISM IN LONDON weekly meeting is held on each Lord's Day, at 6 :30 P.M., at 19 Buckingham A WRITER in an English mis- Street, Strand.

sionary magazine of very recent We have called attention to the date describes what he calls the "lat- spread of Buddhism in England and est and most instructive addition to in Europe before (see MISSIONARY the 'May-meetings' of London town, REVIEW, April, 1911, page 315). Is viz., the Buddha Day, which was it not tllpe that this Western "Budarranged by the Buddhist Society of dhism," with the partially kindred Great Britain and Ireland." At the movements of Theosophy and Chrismeeting some eight or nine speakers tian Science, be more carefully discoursed to perhaps 200 hearers for watched by Christian leaders? two hours on Buddhism as the solution of life in the twentieth century. EVIDENCE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA On the chairs were pamphlets setting WHEN the missionaries of the forth the work and aims of the Bud- Southern Presbyterian Church dhist Society of Great Britain and went to Suchien in 1894, they were Ireland, and the need of a central driven out of town by the officials and Buddhist hall in London after three by a mob that they had collected.

and a half years' work, and also a Later they were able to rent rooms in

an old inn where the work was car- to leave and entrust the work to the ried on for three or four year!>. When three native helpers, who were yet the people learned who the mission- untried. It was planned that the three aries were, the property was secure, helpers should move into Kyelang but the opposition to the work re- and the outstation at Tschott should mained. During the first ten years not be abandoned.

more than ten or twelve were received While these plans were under con- into the church at Suchien, but during sideration, the enemy made an attack the last ten years 250 have come in. upon the work. Its leader was the At Hsuchoufu the missionary women Thasildar (president of the country), were recently ordered away on ac- who naturally is an enemy to the mis- count of increasing turbulence. The sion and its enlightening work, which Chinese general placed a special train diminishes his influence. Two years at their command, sent a guard of sol- before he had publicly preached com- diers, and his own wife and children plete separation from the Christians, along with them. when the people assembled for the A great spiritual movement at Chao- Lama dances. N ow he ordered Ge- cheng Sha, about thirty miles north pang, the Hindu god which is most of Pingyangfu, in the province of feared in that neighborhood, brought Shan-Si, is reported by the mission- from the temple and conducted in triaries of the China Inland Mission. umphal procession thro~gh Kyelang Between 500 and 600 families are re- and the part of Lahul which is in- ported to have put away idols, and the habited by Buddhists, who were people show great eagerness to buy obliged to sacrifice, much against their Christian books. The missionary serv- inclination, to the god, and finally in- ices are attended by crowds, and the stalled in the palace of the Thasildar.

officers and members of the Church It is reported that the Thasildar first are deeply stirred, so that a great spanked the mighty god most thor- spiritual awakening seems to be at oughly with his slipper, thus showing hand. One class of inquirers numbers utter contempt, and then, fearing that already 42, and other classes are being the god might send some evil or a organized. sickness, reconciled him with a fine GOOD NEWS FROM TIBET present. But the Buddhists, who sur- round the mission, paid little atten- THREE years ago, when the Mora- tion to the god. Then the Thasildar vians reluctantly decided upon sent for the Skuschog (holy man) retrenchment, Kyelang, the station in of Hemis. Both went from village West Himalaya, was condemned to to village and the Skuschog was over- lose its European missionary. Kyelang whelmed with rich presents, while lies between the Rotang Pass to the smoking altars ornamented the roads south and the Baralacha Pass to the upon which he traveled, for the Sku- north, and is cut off from the rest of schog is to these people the incarna- the world all the winter months, and tion of a god. But the holy man during that lonely season the mission- prophesied that no snow would fall ary, Mr. G. Hettasch, began to pre- until he had passed over the Rotang pare for the time when he would have Pass-and the snow did not wait-

that cooled off the enthusiasm of the as recently as 1903, the presiding people somewhat. The Skuschog did missionary, Braches, wrote that he not at all oppose the missionaries, as was in fear of the breaking up of the Thasildar had expected, but he the work, and was earnestly praying became quite friendly with them and for a revival. In 1904 there were often visited them, tho he did not only IS baptisms, and in 1905 only give them any opportunity to speak 44, but from 19OO on the number of to him concerning his SOUl's salvation. baptisms became more satisfactory The missionaries worked on faith- (1906, 141; 1907, 113; 1908, 146; fully, but sorrowfully throughout that 1909, 286; 1910, 107; 1911, 221), lonely winter, until, after three amI and the Dumber of native Christians one-half months, the first mail brought had increased to 3,250 at the close them the news that English friends of 1911, of whom 1,045, or almost had promised to provide the necessary one-third, were baptized within the means for Kyelang for another. The last five years. The number of cate- Lord had answered their prayer, and chumens from the Dyaks is 689.

missionaries and native Christians The last reports from the mission- joined in glad thanksgiving. A year aries in Borneo show that the fire of later, in the fall of 1911, Missionary the revival is rapidly spreading, and Hettasch left for home and the work that inquirers in large numbers are remained under the care of the native asking for instruction and baptism.

helpers throughout the winter, pros- They are pleading for reenforcements pered .and guarded by the Lord. and for the founding of a new mis- sionary center in the interior; stating GLAD TIDINGS FROM BORNEO that the rapid spread of Islam also ONE demands a more energetic and ag- of the most encouraging fields gressive missionary work. New of the Rhenish Missionary So- schools are being opened in many ciety is the island of Borneo, ·the places and are well attended. In largest island of the East Indian some places the heathen clearly show Archipelago. Commenced in 1842, that they no longer trust their gods among the Dyaks of the southeastern and idols. Baptisms are quite fre- part of the island, the first efforts quent, and here and there a chief, met with little success. In 1859, the more or less known, is found among Dyaks rose in rebellion, in reality those who by baptism publicly confess against the Dutch Government, but their faith in Christ. Even in Band- the missionaries were the sufferers. jermasin, the port of southern Bor- Seven of them were killed, the rest neo, which has been considered the were forced to flee, all stations being most difficult station on account of burned down, and the work was en- the mixed population, there are great- tirely interrupted until 1866. From er encouragements than in any pre- that time on the missionaries have vious year. The hour of victory seems labored on steadily, but amid such to be approaching throughout the difficulties and with such small nu- island of Borneo, but more laborers merical success for many years that are needed at once.

WHITE TOWER OF SALONICA, THE PRI NCIPAL PORT OF

This is the ancient city of Thessalonica. It has recently been captured by the Greeks. The Tower was fo rmerly called "The Bloody Tower: '

A TYPICAL TOWN IN THE MOU NTAINS OF BULGARIA It is in these rugged regions that the hardy soldiers have been trai ned who now have won such unparalleled victories.

TYPICAL BULGARIAN

A BA ND OF BULGARIAN SOLDIERS

NEARER EAST

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., FORMERLY OF CONSTANTINOPLE LAMES long smoth- any true interpretation of the sig- nificance of the great conflict. The mF ered have suddenly history of nations and races of men broken out in fierce is a mighty tree. Its roots run deep and wide-spread con- and wide and interlock in the rich flagration in south- eastern Europe. Like soil of human passion, good and subterranean fires, only close observ- evil.

ers knew that the outburst in earth- The four states now uniting to quake and flame was but a question of crush out the life of the Ottoman time. And even close and expe- Empire by the rush and clash of rienced observers quite miscalculated armies were but as yesterday peoples the military strength and skill of subject to the Ottoman power.

Bulgaria and her allies, and the Greece first, fourscore years ago, weakness of Turkey, whose reputa- then much later, easily within the tion as the possessor of a large army memory of men still living, Servia, composed of first rate fighting ma- Montenegro and Bulgaria became in- terial, disciplined by German officers, dependent of Ottoman rule. During was regarded all over Europe as well the centuries of their subjection to established. the Turks they suffered cruel oppres- What is the significance of these sion and their religion was the object amazing events so near at hand? of the contempt of their conquerors.

What is to be their influence upon That they should, when they be- the increase and the ultimate triumph came free, erase from their mem- of righteousness and the Kingdom ories the wrongs they had suffered of God in Europe and the East? and be really friends of the Turks Is this conflict .a religious war? would have been a moral miracle.

Is it a life and death struggle be- Always expect the Oriental to play tween hostile creeds? To these ques- double. The smile he wears may be tions some ,answer, "Yes ;" others the sheath of a dagger. Till it is answer, "No." There is truth in opportune to strike he is apparently bC)th answers. It is Christian against your friend. Interest and oppor- Moslem and there is a strong appeal tunism may veil plans of revenge made on both sides to religious long cherished and never forgotten.

passion. The ferocity which actual Russia has for more than two hun- war lets loose is intensified and em- dred years cherished the purpose bittered by religious fanaticism. But some time to seize Constantinople and this fierce struggle is not, in fact, a make it her southern capital, and· to religious war in any such sense as add the northeastern provinces of the Crusades and many of the wars Turkey to her empire. She has of central Europe in the sixteenth hitherto, by the opposition of the and seventeenth centuries were re- western powers of Europe, been ligious wars. balked in all attempts to achieve her Certain facts imperfectly known on purpose. Greece and the Balkan this side of the Atlantic, or half for- states have for many years cherished gotten, form an essential basis for plans for increasing their territory

and their national importance at the division of the spoils of war will be expense of Turkey, but have been a baffling problem for those states held back, like hounds in leash, from themselves, as it will be for the Great rushing upon their ancient foe by the Powers of Europe. Alas! and alas! overmastering influence of the six the needless effusion of human Great· Powers. blood!

There is an Arabic proverb which Now turn to Turkey and let us says, "God postpones; he does not give, in few words, a statement neglect." The proverb seems to ap- of the conditions and events which ply also to eastern peoples, great have made possible the unnatural and small, whose national aspirations temporary coalition of Greece and have been long stifled but never the Balkan states. crusht or abandoned. It is not yet four years, till next As a matter of fact, the leaders April, since the reign of Abdul on both sides of the states now at Hamid II ended. The readers of war, are men who care vastly more these lines are invited to apply a for material gain than they do for powerful stimulus to their imaginatheir ancestral faith. Their faith is tions and so try to gain some faint often but a loose cloak worn in idea of the condition in which that public, sometimes a slogan with disastrous reign left the Empire of which to spur on the laggards of Turkey. Throughout the third of a their people. In words, in mani-" century of that reign no man walked festoes, and proclamations they are erect. He looked to right and left, superlatively religious and patriotic, as we do to escape automobiles while in fact they are but personally when crossing Broadway or Fifth ambitious, and their vision is limited Avenue, to see if he was watched by by a purely material horizon. a spy. All enterprise was stifled. Hopelessness, blank despair, reigned The four States that have suddenly everywhere. Thousands of good jumped upon Turkey have no aim in men were in exile. common except just now to crush their former oppressor and bring about bet- Within a century the empire had ter conditions in Macedonia. But for undergone seven major amputations. many years, more than half a cen- Its population had been reduced onetury, the hostility, largely on religious half. The Powers of Europe had an grounds, between Greeks and Bul- unwritten and uncompleted undergarians in Macedonia, has been standing as to the disposition to be greater than that between either made of what remained of the muti- Greek or Bulgarian and the Turks. lated and moribund body. A mighty It is this hostility, breaking out again host of officials were parasites suckand again in actual slaughter, which, ing away the best blood of those coupled with the weakness of the races. Turkish administration, has, for years, made Macedonia the danger What magnificent courage it rezone of Europe. quired for a few men, scattered and hidden within the empire, secretly Victorious in the present war, tho working with exiles in the various the attacking powers may be, the countries of Europe, tQ 1,tn<1ertake to

restore and foster new life in their designs, looking toward the increase fatherland. of their power.

It was a forlorn hope. The task The Turks will scarcely weep over was complex; it was tremendous. one result of this war, if such result The record of April 13th to 27th, shall follow, that is, of setting all I 909, of the constitutional army, Europe by the ears, of arraying Chris- is one of the most brilliant in human tian against Christian in internecine history. Niasi, Enver, Mahmoud strife. They looked in vain, a year Shevket, became names to conjure ago, for European intervention in their with. The people of Europe, of the behalf to stop the piratical raid of Great Powers and the smaller Powers, Italy into North Africa. They have those now at war with Turkey, were again appealed to the Great Powers to compelled to sympathize with the control the ambitions of the Balkan heroic endeavor of the young Turks. States. This time also the appeal has They seemed to have forgotten their been in vain. The neutrality of Rou- well-laid schemes for the dismember- mania can be justified; it can be ap- ment of the Ottoman Empire. plauded. The "neutrality" of the Great How shallow the sympathy of Eu- Powers is quite another matter. Would rope for constitutional Turkey actual- that the implacable jealousies that ly was became soon evident. There have long exhibited Europe as a big was nowhere patience with the mis- group of armed camps-a condition takes the young Turks made. They the astute Abdul Hamid always knew were bad mistakes, no doubt. They how to manipulate in his own interest tried to weld all races into one Otto- -might so far give way to a united man nation. Shevket Pasha made and effective purpose to secure the spectacular exhibition of the strength permanent triumph of justice throughof the reorganized army in the disas- out the nearer East as speedily to end trous attempt to reduce by a cruel ex- this dreadful war. ercise of force the Albanian and Arabian mountain tribes to "normal We cannot read the record of the order." The crowd that yesterday ap- future. But even if the worst should plauded, to-day cry "Down with the come for Turkey and the Turks, Turk-turn him out of Europe I" and their empire were dismembered, still those millions of men are The charge, honestly made by Mos- there, and among them everywhere lems, a charge based on ample evi- are, living and working in their indence, is that the Christian Powers terest, American missionaries, educaunscrupulously grasp after self-ag- tors, physicians, philanthropists, in grandizement. The Moslem thinks that whose sympathy and help the Turks the Christian claim, e. g., as voiced by have learned to confide. It is through Italy in her invasion of North Africa, these influences, increasing and exthat Europe is desirous of elevating tending year by year, that by us the the people of the East, of extending work Europe fails to do for Moslem the area of Christian civilization, is races will finally be accomplished. but a thin veil hypocritically flaunted NOVEMBER lIth.-Such details as we have concerning the war now waging before the world to cover their selfish iQ southeastern Europe amply justify

General Shennan's famous three- sorely chafed under the imperious word definition of war. "Masterly commands of those Powers. They are strategy," "military glory," "national men, not children, and now, flushed rejoicing over victory!" This is what with victories, bought with blood, they the world hears echoed from the seat defy divided Europe.

of war. But to what point have we come in But five facts, with their ugly faces, the progress (?) of civilization when glare at us from those battlefields, viz.: a war like that now raging is possible?

Justice is conspicuous for her ab- Is it not high time that the nations of sence from that part of the world, and Christendom should unitedly resolve her place is usurped by hatred and re- and decree that this shall be the last, venge. the final sacrifice to Mars which shall Bulgar and Turk have vied with deluge the fairest fields of our planet each other in a wild beast death with human blood? Let us have grapple. peace, peace in fact, peace based on Scores of thousands of Christian righteousness and love, peace every- and Moslem youth, the hope of their where.

people, will return to their homes no It is hazardous to prophesy, but it more. looks as tho from this war would Hundreds of thousands of'innocent emerge results like the following: men, women and children are to-day The Ottoman Empire will hereafter homeless, weeping, starving, bereft of be bounded by a line extending from all that makes life worth living. the Black Sea to the Marmora, in- The entering into Constantinople of cluding the defenses of Tchatalja, pos- the Turkish army, beaten, starving, sibly a hundred miles further west, uncontrolled, fleeing before their ex- including the old Turkish capital, ultant foe, as the result of the final Adrianople, and Rodosto on the sea.

battle, involves awful peril to human The very important port and city life, not of foreigners, but of Chris- of Salonika will be lost to Turkey, tian natives, in the city of Constan- and for possession of it will appear tine. three claimants, viz.: Bulgaria, Greece, The problem as between Bulgarians and Austria.

and Greek-can it be solved? In Con- No agreement concerning Constan- stantinople are very few Bulgarians, tinople seems to be possible except to but there are 200,000 Greeks residing leave it to the Turks. It can not be there. permanently made a free city. Some Why should the armies of the allies solatium must be given to Russia.

enter the capital city? Will forcing What will it be? Persia?

the Turks to drink the very dregs of Finally, what most appeals to us is the cup of wormwood give promise of the evidence accumulating in recent more. abiding peace in the years to years which compels a confident ex- come? pectation that the peaceful and That the allies are bound to act in- friendly influence of Christian Amer- dependently of the Powers is not sur- ica in what remains of the Ottoman prizing. For many years they have Empire will be greatly increased.

CALL OF THE

UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS IN WESTERN AND SOUTH WESTERN ARABIA By REV. JOHN C. YOUNG, ADEN.

ROM the Gulf of found its wilderness even less inviting than the barren Hegaz, but they have mF Akaba in the North to partly occupied the more Southern the Straits of Bab el parts of Aboo Areesh and Tehamah, Mandeb in t1!e South, of which the principal ports are Ho- there is a coast line deidah and Mocha. The former is of 1,300 miles from now the large and wealthier town, which practically nothing can be seen altho from its association with the but fiat, · sandy desert and rocky coffee bean, Mocha is still the better wilderness. known. Many people have heard of Niebuhr's disagreeable "incidents" Then from Perim in the West to there, when the story spread like the Kuria Muria Islands in the East, wildfire that he was going to poison there is another 800 miles or more, all the Moslems with serpents prenear which, except at the Wady served in spirits of wine. mouths, it would take a microscopic eye to discover a green field or a ver- From Sheikh Said, which overlooks dant plain. the Straits of Bab el Mandeb, until the Kuria Muria Islands are reached, In the North the Desert of Sinai the voyager can see little or no green meets the Hagaz, which has Yambo except close to Aden. Mirages, rocks, and Djeddah for its ports, and, desert sand or salt marshes are all apart from the desert itself, probably that can be discerned,. apart from a has the most arid, least fertile part of few fishermen's huts and coral divers' Arabia for its interior. shanties.

At Djebel Aseer the huge crescent- When, however, the traveler has shaped range of mountains, which cfOssed this uninviting belt of nearly hems in the Hegaz, takes a sharp turn toward the sea. The Turks have

A GROUP OF VILLAGERS FROM: AN ARAB TOWN level sand and salt-laden scrub, he As a rule the tribesman of South meets, at a distance of from 20 to 100 Arabia is a jealous, quarrelsome man, miles from the coast, great black rocks, placed like sentinels to chal- with whom tribal revenge becomes a lenge his approach. These passed, and the mountains climbed, he at once sacred duty and in the carrying out finds himself on a rich plateau where of which he will stoop to any depth almost anything will grow: and large and use the most deceitful means. fields of jowari, wheat and barley, Too often family blood feuds and spreading vines and shady fruit trees tribal qurrels are kept going by tne teU not only of a plentiful water sup- women, for having nothing better to ply and fertile soil, but also of a most do, they stir up strife and foment industrious people. mischief, till sorrow comes to their own door and then they do it more Physically, the Arab of South and than ever. "For the female of the Vvest Arabia is short in stature, with species is more deadly than the a wiry frame and is capable of great male." endurance. He frequently has a Jewish cast of face. and when the Arab In those parts of Arabia with woman of the interior is placed which I am acquainted, woman's side by side with her Jewish sister it hatred and woman's fanaticism adis almost impossible to distinguish be- vance in proportion to her ignoranc~; tween them. When a Jew from the consequently, it is by no means an interior has his distinguishing curl of uncommon thing for a woman's jibe hair taken away he can generally pass to be the cause of a neighbor's death muster for an Arab. and the real reason for a tribal war.

The people are divided into two Many villages have not one inhabiclasses: Kabilis and Rawis-a fight- tant who is able to read or write, ing class and a working class. consequently the people are dependent on wandering minstrels and other beggars for news of the outside

CALL OF THE

MOKALLA-A NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITY ON THE AF.AB I AN COAST world and, as their credulity is very Sayyid's grave. Yet despite the fact great, they are ready to believe the that most male children have their most absurd stories and drink in the heads dedicated to the local Saint, most incredible tales. Niebuhr re- and wear a lock of hair on their peats the story of two beggars who crowns to show that they are so dedihad asked charity from the Governor cated, the people are most fanatical of Taez. As only one of them re- Moslems, arid whether they be Sunnis ceived a dole the other went to the or Shiahs, Shafais or Zaidis, Sufis or tomb of a local saint named Ismael Hanafis they are always ready to as- Malik, a former king, and asked him sert defiantly that there is no deity for aid. Whereupon Ismael stretched but God. out his hand from his tomb and gave the beggar a letter with an order for Even the better class, who are, as one hundred crowns. The story goes a rule, quiet and self-contained, seem that on careful examination it was to want only a single spark to infound that the dead king had actually flame the wildest excitement of their written this order with his own hand, nature, and then they are so changed and sealed it with his own seal, con- that they appear more like maniacs sequently, the bill had to be cashed, than men. If a Christian boldly debut in order to prevent such a call clares in a public place that Jesus upon the treasury being repeated, the Christ is the son of God, the audience Governor had the tomb enclosed with will leave, like a knotless thread, crya thick wall. ing out "become a Moslem, become a Moslem,': or for a space of many Saint worship is common every- hours they will join in the cry "La where. In fact there is not a single ilah illa Allah" .(There is no deity town in South Arabia and scarcely a but· God-There is no deity but village that does not owe its rise to God"), and those that a moment bethe presence of a Saint's tomb or a fore appeared to be the most kind

and courteous gentlemen will seem Like Micah, the Ephraimite, they the most lost to reason. halt between two opinions yet try to "All their lives, through fear of . grip them both, offering sacrifice death, they are subject to bondage." both to God and to Mammon. In To keep off the djinns and evil spirits fact there is no joyous occasion upon many wear charms containing a verse which there is no sacrifice and there of the Koran and these mystical signs is never a treaty signed or solemn * * III. III which I interpret thus: compact made between two tribes or reading from right to left: "I am the even between two individuals without bright and the Morning Star, true a sheep or a goat losing its life with A TYPICAL ARABIAN STRONGHOLD representative of God the Father, God the usual formula, "jn God's name" the Son and God the Holy Ghost, being repeated. and God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost are one Difficulties in the Way of Occupation God."* Thus far I have not found one who can logically refute this in- When we begin to ask ourselves terpretation, altho the CadEn tells me why these lands have not been enthat these signs were engraved on tered by the Christian Church, we are Solomon's signet ring. forced to confess that it is largely because the Church has been daunted In certain districts few, if any, by difficulty. people will go out after dark lest the djinns should get hold of them and Dr. Harpur, of the Church Misfor fear of these evil spirits a ring sionary Society, who is now . at work must at once be drawn round any- in Egypt, and his plucky, devoted one who has fallen down in an wife, were the first missionaries in epileptic fit. modern times to attempt the pene- tration of Arabia. Choosing Dthala • The Star is the Shield of David, and was, in the Aden hinterland as their future therefore, originally Jewish.-EDITOR. home, twenty-six years ago, they

CALL OF THE ARAB

settled down in the Ameer's country DANCING GIRLS OF ARABIA and found the people on the whole very friendly-far more friendly than ish Lutheran Church, tried to. begin they had expected. Daily, by caring work in Mukalla, next to Aden the for the sick and wounded, they were principal town in South Arabia. Beincreasing the number of their fore going thither he received from friends when a far too timid Govern- Col. Ashby, the then First Assistant ment ordered their recall in the midst Resident in Aden, a cordial letter of of the hot weather. As a result, Mrs. introduction to the Sultan with whom Harpur nearly lost her life in the he lived for a time. Then when he terrible journey from Dthala to the had made many friends in the place coast. and thought that he could with safety bring his household goods from Syria, Had there been a John Lawrence or an Andrew Fraser, as resident in Aden, or had there even been a sympathetic first assistant resident in charge, there would have been a different story to tell, and the useless waste of time as well as the large expenditure of treasure involved in marking out the frontier would not have been required nor would the scuttle policy have been entered upon that brought so much discredit to the British name. As a civilizing force one Medical Missionary is still as good as a regiment of soldiers.

The Rev. Oluf Hoyer, of the Dan- A TYPICAL ARABIAN COUN·TRY VILLAGE

he left Mukalla for Hebron, hoping ing permission from anyone he and soon to return with his whole family. his party settled in a village half-way In the interim, however, another king to Sana and for a time everything had arisen and a new First Assistant seemed to go well. Though a conse- resident was settled in Aden who not crated believer and a whole-hearted only refused to give him a letter of Christian man, he seemed, however, commendation, but who even went so to lack worldly wisdom, and having far as to say that he must not go. more zeal than discretion, more faith The missionary went, but in conse- than penetration, it was not long be- quence of the action of the Assistant fore the Turks brought him back to Resident, the Sultan said that he Hodeidah where he died of fever.

. could not allow Mr. Hoyer to settle The militant female workers, who in Mukalla without a letter from went out to be his co-workers, started Aden. He was shipped back in an Bazaar preaching in Hodeidah, but Arab dhow to "the cinder heap" were at once deported from the where he arrived in a most pitiful Yemen.

state owing to the want of cover, Mr. Camp did not live in vain; his the salt spray and the pitiless rays of heroic life and noble death opened a tropical sun. the question of a Christian's right to The third attempt to enter Arabia preach the Gospel, and it is generally from Hodeidah was made by Mr. understood that Mr. Moser, the Camp, an American carpenter, and American Consul who was sent to in- his wife, who took with them a blind vestigate the cause of his ill-treat- Syrian girl as their interpreter. They ment and death, secured from the came down from Jerusalem and Turkish Government permission for settled in Hodeidah where Mr. Camp missionaries to establish schools in worked, as his Master did, at the the Yemen and do other mission work carpenter's bench. Then without ask- of a non-controversial character.

A cell )"ANY OF JBWS IN ARABIA

CALL OF THE

AN ARABIAN MOS2UE How to Establish Christian Work has the art of asking questions and of raising a spirit of enquiry among Frontal attack with prior publica- his hearers, it will not be very long tion oJ plans rarely succeeds in actual before someone has the moral courwarfare, but even the Gibeonites age to own himself a disciple of overcame the Israelites with guile. our Lord Jesus Christ. When Moses said to his brother-inlaw, "Come with us and we will do The church can have no easy you good," he received a point-blank method in her dealings with Islam, refusal but when he asked him to and should never leave to individual come and be eyes for the children of enterprise what she ought to do as a Israel in the wilderness it was not body. The command was "go ye," to very long before Hobab's name was all the disciples, not "go thou" to only included in the list of the Hebrew one. Self-supporting mi~sionaries are travelers. wanted, and the more of them the better; but like Keith Falconer they I cannot, therefore, help commend- ought to come to Arabia or any other ing the method of Oluf Hoyer, who moslem land, with the Church's benewent to Hodeidah and quietly opened diction resting on them and with the a carpenter's shop: There he put definite assurance that the Church is a Moslem workman in charge and praying for and will continue to pray placed Scripture portions, New Tes- for them. For then the missionary taments and Holy Bibles into book- can cases already made for sale. He introduced other literature gradually, "v.,relcome each rebuff until he has now a fair-sized book That turns earth's smoothness shop, a good reading room and a Christian character established in that rough; fanatical town. If a medical mission- Each sting that bids not sit nor ary should now follow him, one who stand, but go."

Then he can dare and "never substance, light and heat are in the grudge the throe" as he knows that sun, and how fire, combustion and "the effectual fervent prayer of a heat are inseparably connected, he righteous man availeth much," and need not fear to bring forward the that all things will work together for doctrine of the Trinity. The adhis own good and God's glory. vance of science has undermined all other religions but leaves Christianity Preparation of the Mi••ionary on the Rock of Ages.

The greatest barrier to the speedy When Hannibal was thundering at entrance of the Gospel into Arabia the gates of Rome, the Roman Senate is the carnal portion of the Arab's decreed that Carthage should be atcomposition. The missionary must, tacked. This was done and the Cartherefore, come out "thoroughly fur- thaginian power was effectually nished into all good works" and es- broken. Are the children of this pecially furnished with a knowledge world always to be wiser in their of his own Bible. With God's Word generation than the Children of hid in his heart and knowing that Light? While Islam is invading "all Scripture given by inspiration China, attacking Japan, spreading of God is profitable for doctrine, re- over the Eastern Archipelago and proof, correction and instruction in riding rough shod through Africa, righteousness," he need never fear shall the Christian Church wring the Moslem's question: "Sole Maker her hands and cry: "What can I do?" of Heaven and Earth; how should he have a Son who hath no consort?" It is our first duty to plant th€; Seeing. that an illustration is more to cross once more in MukalIa, to unfurl an Arab than logical sequence, and the Christian Church's banner once remembering how space, ether and more in Sana. Since it is not by gravitation are omnipresent; how might nor by an army but by God's Spirit that Islam can be won, we AN AItAB WEDDING IN THB INTERIOR

A T:E:NACrOuS SCOTCHMAN AND H1S USE OF THE l31l3LE

must send messages and messengers aroused will sink like Galilee's waves along that Hegaz railway to Me- at God's command. The Moslem will dina and later to Mecca. Then let us take refuge in Allah against the Mismake no tarrying in our occupation sionary and will then listen to his of Jiddah, for when this has been message and finally will embrace his done the victory will soon be ours faith. Has not the time come to ocand the great opposition at first cupy the mission field in Arabia?

A TENACIOUS SCOTCHMAN AND HIS USE OF THE BIBLE NE of the speakers at usual preliminary message, "God's man is coming." Then he asked the mo .~ the annual meeting of cannibal chief-but let himself tell the British and Foreign the story: Bible Society was Dan- iel Crawford, a native "I wanted to get his side of the '.FiV of Greenock, in Scot- story, .and wonderful indeed were the land. In 1889 he emigrated to Africa, reasons he gave for massacring the settling finally in Katanga, which is whites. Then I started to read from situated in the southeast corner of the Bible. 'I don't know that book,' the Kongo Free State. There he he interrupted. 'It's a foreign book.' translated the New Testament into As he was waving me out of his den Luba, and parts of the Scriptures into there flashed on me from back someother tongues. It was an undertak- where in the book of Isaiah the words, ing worthy of a tenacious Scotchman, 'Go tell those smoking firebrands.' I for certain of the verbs with which he found the passage and said: 'You had to deal have 23 tenses and there think this a foreign book. Why, your are nouns with 19 genders. name is in it !' You should have seen the man, his canine brow wrinkled in This Spring, Daniel Crawford came the concentration of his thought. His back to England after an absence of name there! A foreign book which· is 23 years, and he tells the story of his a sort of cannibal directory! He broke adventures and of his labors to Chris- out with, 'Is there anything more tian audiences for instruction and for about me, the Smoking Firebrand?' encouragement. At the meeting of In a flash I remembered that grand the British and Foreign Bible Society old phrase-and thank God I knew he told the following remarkable where it was, for I had preached on it story: two Sundays before-'Ye were as brands plucked from the burning.' I A cannibal chief, black and ugly, drove that shot home. 'Anything who had received the name of "Smok- more?' asked the cannibal. 'Yes,' I reing Firebrand," had slain and eaten plied, 'this. "Others save, plucking 67 Belgians. Mr. Crawford went on them out of the fire."'" a message of conciliation to the robber's den-sending beforehand the

A STORY OF MISSIONARY

ANMAD is a station of stood nobly at the place of Christian duty until the outbreak was abating, i iMi Zenana Bible and Med- until aid could come from the nearest ical Mission in the station, Nasick, many miles away. Presidency of Bombay, She bore all the responsibility, the Western India, whose anxiety, the dread of death's pres- , orphan school, after ence, the pangs of heavy sorrow. She endured, until the visitation was alyears of faithful, prayerful labors, most passed away, until the doctor from Nasick arrived, and the sanitary contains 206 pupils and whose work is commissioner, then she broke down, and the physician had to fight strenuspirituaIly most encouraging. Of its ously for the life of the noble woman. He succeeded, by the help of God, three lady missionaries, two came in but Miss Harris had to leave the sta- tion, and was ordered to rest comcontact with a dog which had rabies pletely in bed for six weeks and then go home to England, if fit to travel. and had to undergo treatment at the The cholera, caused by one of the Pasteur Institute at Coonor. On their wells which had become poisoned from a flooded contaminated river, return; both were taken ill with which found its way through an un- suspected fissure in the trap rock of ptomaine poisoning. One passed the ground, has gone. There were away, the other, while mercifully 46 cases in all, and I7 deaths, chiefly spared, was forced to return to Eng- among the smaller orphans. But what a story of grim tragedy and of land. Thus Miss Harris was left Christian heroism. An orphan school with more than 200 children, a depleted alone in charge of the large family. staff of missionaries and one sorely burdened, physically weak missionary She was not very strong. The hard- standing resolutely at her post. Then, in the midst of the peace of the Sabships of the work had given her a bath Day, there breaks forth a pesti- lence, which in a few hours sweeps "weak ,heart." Yet, she undertook away many young lives. And through it all, the one frail woman the great responsibility without mur- stands at her post, completely ex- hausted, but taking no rest, until the muring, and God sustained her. danger is past and she herself col- lapses. What a story of Christian All went well until June 30, 19I2. consecration and of the power of the grace of God! 11 was the Lord's Day. Sabbath quiet prevailed and the girls had at- tended the services in the church in the morning, when suddenly there broke forth the dreaded enemy chol- era. The virulence of the attack was appalling – no human remedies seemed of the slighest avail. In a .few hours many young lives were swept away. During the terrible 24 hours of that Lord's Day there were 31 cases of cholera and 12 deaths.

Girls who had sung their Sabbath songs in the church in the morning, were being put into their coffins when the sun was sinking, and sent out to the cemetery. And through it all, one white-faced, frail English woman

EXPERTS IN

THE MEETING OF THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE AT LAKE MOHONK. SEPTEMBER 26th TO OCTOBER ls.t, 1912 BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., BERLIN, GERMANY Vice-Chairman of the Continuation Committee HE second meeting of sionary Society; for Director Dr. Boegner, Mr. Daniel Couve, secretary mT the Continuation Com- of the Paris Missionary Society. mittee of the Edin- burgh World Mission- It would be difficult to give a com- ary Conference was plete record of the four days' meet- held at Lake Mohonk ing. l!1c agenda of each day being Mountain House from September very full and the majority of the 26 to October I st. Readers will re- members, besides being kept busy in member that the first meeting was special committees of different types. held at Bishop Auckland, near Durham, in North England, 1911. For 1. Dr. John R. Matt's Tour Round this second meeting, held in America, the World. At the meeting of the eight of the British and nine of the committee in I9I I, the chairman, Dr. continental members had crost the John R. Mott, had been requested Atlantic, a remarkable proof of the by a unanimous vote to devote a value attached by the members them- greater part of his time and strength selves to the meetings of the com- to an extended visit on the great mittee. As the ten American mem- mission fields. After careful conbers were all present, 27 in all took sideration, he had accepted this inpart in the meeting. Three deaths vitation and had made the preparahad occurred since the meeting at tions for this new trip round the Bishop Auckland: Dr. George Rob- world, with his final energy and son, this unwearied, faithful organizer broadness. As he was to start immeof the Edinburgh Conference, had diately after the Lake Mohonk meetpassed away quietly after a prolonged ing, this trip, of course, was one of illness; Dr. A. Boegner, the fervent the big themes of the discussions. and eloquent director of the Paris Dr. Mott is intending to spend eight Missionary Society, died quite sud- months, from October, I9I2, to May, denly in the pUlpit at the end of one I913, in Asia, and to visit during this of his great sermons; Bishop Yoitsu time Ceylon, India, China, Japan, and Honda, the first Japanese bishop of Korea. His plan is to hold twenty the Methodist Episcopal Church, had conferences with picked and experibeen called away after a short illness. enced missionaries and native leaders, Besides, Dr. Eugene Stock, the able one in each of the great, characterishistorian of the Church Missionarv tic mission fields, to be followed probably by national conferences in Society, had resigned because of th~ India, China, and Japan. For these conferences in prolonged deliberations infirmity of old age. For all, besides with the mission boards of North Bishop Honda, substitutes had been America, Great Britain, and the conchosen in time: For Dr. Robson, Mr. tinent of Europe, he has drawn a Duncan MacLaren; for Dr. Eugene comprehensive questionnaire review- Stock, the Rev. C. C. Bardsley, hon- in~ all the great and difficult missionorary secretary of the Church Mis-

ary problems of to-day, leaving it at Committee primarily for the purpose the discretion of the committees pre- of creating as soon as possible an in- paring these conferences on the field ternational committee more or less to select from this big program those representing the whole constituency of points which are of special impor- the Edinburgh Conference and in- tance for each individual field. From vested with a certain degree of au- the point of view of a better com- thority by the mission boards and mon understanding and closer co- societies. There was practical operation among the forces, the gen- unanimity among the members of eral secretary of the World Students' the Continuation Committee on two Christian Federation, he plans to hold points: as that the Continuation a comprehensive evangelistic cam- Committee as well as the pt:ospec- paign among the students of Asia, tive international committee could specially those scores of thousands of never become an administrative or students in the government institu- governing or money-collecting body, tions and universities, and he has but is a consultative and coopera- invited his friend and fellow-worker, tive committee; by that to the dele- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, to accompany gates of the Edinburgh Conference him round the world for this impor- it would be of primary value that in tant evangelistic campaign, but not the committee, whatever its name and for the work on behalf of the Contin- functions may be, the spirit of Edin- uation Committee. Great expectations burgh should be preserved. In are entertained by the Continuation view of these facts the Continuation Committee with regard to this world- Committee was convinced that even wide tour, the first of its kind. Be- more important than the speedy for- sides the inspiration which the per- mation of an international committee sonal touch with the chairman of a was the continuity of the work begun world missionary committee, chosen at Edinburgh, and that if the men by . the unanimous and enthusiastk. who really know the situation in the vote of the most representative world different parts of the home constitu- missionary conference, will give to the ency were doubtful as to the prac- lonely missionaries in trying and ticability and usefulness of that difficult work, we hope that the re- transformation, it is better to wait sult of the tour will be a closer for some years until the situation has touch between the missionary asso- become clearer and an easy way for ciations on the field with the Con- that transformation has opened, than tinuation Committee at home, and that to wreck the continuation of the so the scattered missionary forces Edinburgh Conference. . In fact, tho of the churches and societies repre- many of the members of the commit- sented at Edinburgh will be better tee approached the discussion rather coordinated and be brought into closer hopefully, the close study of the sympathy. situation disclosed so unsurmountable 2. Transformation of the Continua- difficulties and so evident dangers tion Committee into an International that at the end none felt at liberty to Committee. The Edinburgh Confer- maintain any radical proposal. It was ence had instituted the Continuation resolved that five Americans and two

EXPERTS IN CONFERENCE

British members be added to the be reported that this year for the committee, so bringing the number first time in Great Britain, too, a of representatives for the United conference of the secretaries and rep- States and Canada up to fifteen and resentatives of the mission boards those of Great Britain to twelve. The has been held at Swanwick and that five new American members chosen it has appointed a special committee unanimously by the committee are on missions and governments. In view the Right Rev. Bishop Lloyd, of the of this situation the Continuation Protestant Episcopal Church; Mrs. Committee did not yet see its way Henry W. Peabody of Beverley, clear to appoint a further committee Mass. ; Rev. Dr. Mackay, of the Pres- for the same object. For questions byterian Board in Canada; President which evidently call for international Dr. Mullins, of the Southern Baptist treatment it thought best that the Church, and Mr. Earl Taylor, of the three national committees should co- Methodist Episcopal Church. operate ad hoc and that the Continua- 3. Formation of a Special Commit- tion Committee, by its chairman and tee on Missions and Governments. secretary, might help to organize this Twenty-five continental societies hid cooperation. It was decided that submitted a request to the Continua- the Continuation Committee itself tion Committee that an international would deal with exceptional cases committee dealing with questions on only. Such an exceptional case was missions and government should be before the Continuation Committee formed. In North America this pro· with regard to the 106 Korean Chris- posal had been heartily approved, and tians condemned by the Japanese the American Secretaries' Conference courts under charge of attempted meeting each January had dissolved high treason. The Korean and Japa- and discharged its special committee nese missionaries had opened up cor- on missions and government in the respondence with the Continuation expectation that the Continuation Committee and unhappily· this corre- Committee, either itself or by a spe- spondence had been published in the cial committee, would take up these newspapers of the Far East. In view delicate negotiations. In the course of the fact that the case is closed now of this discussion there was a unani- by the judgment passed in the Japa- mous conviction that negotiations be- nese courts, the Continuation Commit- tween missions and their own govern- tee resolved to address a letter to the ments should in each case be taken Japanese Ambassador at Washington.

in hand by the special committees of 4. Special Committees. As the those countries themselves. So the major part of the preparation of the American Committee on Reference Edinburgh Conference had been done and Counsel has given again and by the special committees laying their again valuable assistance in matters comprehensive reports before the con- pertaining to the foreign office at ference, so the Continuation Commit-'

Edinburgh; the German Ausschuss tee has thought it wise to appoint has in the same way proved an in- special cOllUlUttees to continue, in part dispensable help to the German mis- at least, the work of those eight com- sionary societies. Happily, it could missions and. to concentrate on the

difficult and complicated questions of a unanimous basis of statistical re- the missionary situation. Ten such special committees have been ap- search has been agreed upon. Any pointed, (a) on survey and occupa- tion; (b) on medical missions; ( c) comprehensive future statistics shall on the Moslem question; ( d) on . educational missions; (e) on train- comprize five chapters: (a) missions ing-schools for missionaries on the field; (f) on uniformity of statistics, of the Protestant churches in non- (g) on principles underlying the rela- tion of missions and governments; Christian countries; (b) missions of (h) on the church in the field; (i) on Christian literature; (k) on coopera- the Roman Catholic church in non- tion .and unity. Each committee brought in a report either of the Christian countries; (c) missions of work already done or taken in hand or proposed for the next year. The the Greek Orthodox church; (d) mis- discussion of these reports occupied the committee for a large part of its sions among the Jews; (f) work of time. It would be premature to give now a comprehensive report of all Christian churches in Latin America commissions. Any work planned and undertaken on international lines re- and the Philippines. quires a good deal of careful planning and preparation. For as the mission- 5. The German Ausschuss (Com- ary boards and societies have lived without touch and more or less iso- mittee of Reference and Counsel) lated for several generations, their conception and ideals have developed had laid before the Continuation Com- in different directions and some time is needed until in each particular field mittee a memorandum regarding the of research they understand each other's views and plans and results. next TVorld Missionary Conference, So in almost all commissions some time has passed before the work and three German cities, Hamburg, planned really got shape and a clear way of investigation opened up. Of Berlin, and Barmen, had reinforced special interest at Lake Mohonk, there were the resolutions passed upon the it by formal invitation. Hamburg proposals made by the special Com- mittee on Uniformity of Statistics. promising $25,000 to finance the con- It is well known that just in connec- tion with statistical principles there ference and hospitality for 2,000 dele- had been a wide divergence between the ideas of the American and the gates. On the other hand, Toronto, European statisticians. Happily, now in Canada, even before had ex- tended a hearty invitation to the next general missionary conference.

It is a surprizing fact that now, only two years after the Edinburgh Conference, such a general interest is awakened in looking forward to a possible future conference of equal size. Perhaps no other single fact proves so evidently the deep and lasting impression of the Edinburgh Conference and the high expectations roused by its proceedings. Yct, how- ever kind and welcome these mani- fold invitations were, the Continua- tion Committee felt that only the broad outlook on the missionary situ- ation throughout the world and the deep conviction that a further general missionary conference was indispen- sable in the interests of the Kingdom would be a sufficient basis for even undertaking the neceS~a,ry steps g( I •

EXPERTS IN

preparation for a future conference. ship of an international magazine is Tho there was a general conviction too heavy an additional burden for that some time there must be a fur- the general secretary of the commit- ther missionary conference of the tee, who is expected to deal with all Edinburgh type, the Continuation the general interests of its world.- Committee did not yet see clearly wide work and to be in close touch just of what character that confer- with all its ten special committees.

ence should be and when it should So the Continuation Committee unan- become a necessity. So, under hearty imously resolved that an associate sec- ::Ippreciation of the kind invitations, retary be appointed as soon as possi- the committee postponed its decision ble.

for later reconsideration. All the 7. General features of the Lake more the committee felt it to be in- Mohonk meeting. Perhaps even more dispensable that at not too late a important than all the special items date it should itself hold a further on the agenda of the Lake Mohonk meeting. Here, too, two German conference were some comments cities, Herrnhut, the cradle of Prot- which came out very prominently in estant missions and of the Moravian its discussions. The first was a Church, and Bethel, near Bielefeld, strong desire that the relations of the the center of the great philanthropic Continuation Committee to the mis- institutions of Pastor von BodeI- sionary boards and societies should schwingh, eagerly competed with Hol- be as close and cordial as possible. It land for the honor of inviting the is a new departure that the Edin- next meeting. In view of the fact, burgh Conference has created an in- however, that the meeting hardly can dependent international committee be convened before the end of Octo- with a broad outlook on the world- ber, 1913, at so late a season even the wide mission field and in the expecta- German delegates thought it wise tion that it shall exercise influence to go to a city with large hotel ac- on the development of the missionary comodation. So probably the next movement. The actions of such an meeting will be held at the Hague independent committee might well be or at some other city in the Nether- watched with some surprize by the lands. missioary boards. At Bishop Auck- 6. The report of the general office land, after a careful review of the of the committee at Edinburgh con- situation, the Continuation Committee tained many items of general in- had resolved to work on quietly and terest. The International Review of unostentatiously for some time so as Missions, started by the Continuation to convince the boards by actual facts Committee under the able editorship that it was wilIing and able to render of its secretary, Mr. J. H. Oldham, them useful service. Yet the experi- has found a wonderful response. Al- ence of a year has taught the com- ready about 4,000 subscribers could mittee that the missionary boards be reported. Evidently a large expect it to come forward from its scientific quarterly of this type is position of reserve and to join hands in general demand in the missionary with them. Of course, the Continua- world. Yet the work of the editor- tion Committee is only too glad to

do so if the missionary boards are to understand not only each other prepared to accept its cooperation. but the views of the churches which Happy and hopeful as has been this they represent, as never before. Thcy development, another experience is see that God has His work, His deof even greater value. In the Con- voted servants, His rich blessing in tinuation Committee there are repre- these churches just as well as in sentatives of the most divergent their own, and tho never losing sight churches, high Anglicans and Evan- of the differences which divide them gelicals, Presbyterians and Congrega- in the special character and the tionalists, Methodists .and Baptists, tradition of their own church, they Lutherans and Friends. And these feel that below these dividing lines representatives of the most diverse there is a d~eper foundation of types of evangelical Christianity work common faith, common love, and comtogether in harmony and a freedor!} mon hope. So from the happy exwhich would have been regarded as perience of possible and fruitful coimpossible five years ago. As leaders operation in the foreign field, even of all these churches for days sit 1:0- across the denominational boundary gether considering the same que~tions, lines, we come back to our deplorable discussing the same problems, puzzled home divisions with a new intense by the same difficulties, animated by feeling of this anomoly and with a the same enthusiasm, sustained by new hope that they will at last be united prayer and praise, they learn overcome.

CAUGHT IN HIS OWN TRAP* WENTY years ago a wasted. It was best to listen-and then change the subject. fTl young theological stu- dent was pastor of a One day an old "sea-dog" was tell- small village congrega- ing how, with his own eyes, he had tion on Cape Cod, in a seen the failure of Missions in the neighborhood saturated South Sea Islands. The young paswith infidelity and intensely anti- tor ventured to remark: "How did missionary. you happen to visit those islands, where the people were all savage can- Several retired skippers of the sail- nibals, so that no white man could ing ships that had made voyages safely set foot on their shores?" A ';around the Horn" and had come sheepish look came into those foxy back laden with whale-oil and spoils old eyes of the skipper, as he stamof the Orient were the oracles of the mered, "They-they were cannibals community. The young theologue until the missionaries went there and soon found that time spent in argu- civilized them up a bit." ment with them was worse than • From "The Evolution of New China," by William N~ Br~wster~ a missionar~ to the Cbin~e, br fublished Eaton & Mains! New York,

TIME IN TH'E: DAY

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT .IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA BY MISS KATE G. LAMSON, BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the Woman's· Board of Missions (Congregational) m. T o the followers of the 1896 a private house was rented in Nazarene opposition is the heart of the most destitute section only a call to effort, of the city. and so when, a little over twenty years ago, The condition of this district was described in a "History of the Relief — as a young missionary Vork in Japan," published two years of the American Board, Miss Alice ago by the Home Department of the Adams passed through the slums of Bureau of Local Affairs (Japanese), Okayama one May day, and heard the in which two pages were given to an jeers and taunts of the children at the account of this work. "Hanabatake is despised foreigner, a firm resolve a slum with 1,500 inhabitants, .in the awoke within her to do something for eastern suburb of Okayama. The the uplift of these people. uncleanliness and the irregularity of The first step was to gather the the habits of the people were former- children for a Sunday-school within ly beyond description, not to speak of the hospitably open door of a mission- their criminal deeds. It is no easy ary home. This effort revealed the task to ameliorate the lives of such importance of a steady, continuous people, who are callous to warning work every day in the week conducted and seem almost incapable of repent- in the midst of the people it was her ance and reform." In such sur- desire to reach. The second step, roundings a primary-school was therefore, followed naturally. In opened. Six years later, property'

was bought and in addition to the years. A free bath was conducted for primary-school, night-schools were the children of the neighborhood, and opened for boys and girls, the latter from 50 to 70 would enjoy the privi- being only for the teaching of sew- lege in the course of a single day.

ing. After several years the boys' That in some cases the bath was "per- night-school was finally closed, but sonally conducted," the accompanying ·illustration will show.

The latest addition to the many ac- tivities of this busy settlement is a day nursery. It is fascinating to see the happy faces of the little ones shel- tered and lovingly tended through the day, while their mothers are at work earning the small sums which, in many cases, must support the family.

The affection with which they evi- dently regard Miss Adams and their Japanese caretakers, their en- joyment of simple games and occupa- tions such as the older ones can participate in, give powerful testi- mony to the happy family life lived day by day in those two or three small rooms.

The day-school, which last May was numbering 79 pupils (more than half of them boys), is a conspicuous DATB TIME IN TilE liiSSION feature of the work. The parents of these children toil in factories, col- the primary- and sewing-schools con- lect garbage and serve in various ca- tinue with unabated vigor and in- pacities as day-laborers. Great pov- creased numbers. Day classes in sew- erty exists among them. Some of ing were organized for the girls and their so-called "homes" are not large manual training was introduced for enough for all the family to lie down the boys. at the same time upon the floor. The Soon the physical needs of the sick difficulty is overcome in a unique prest so heavily upon the heart of way, part of the family doing day- Miss Adams that in 1905 she opened work in the factories while part are a dispensary for their relief. This on night duty. On a holiday when small beginning soon proved inade- work stops and tired nature asserts quate and by much personal effort, itself, some of the family go to a in which Japanese friends were large- neighbor's, as floor space will not suf- ly enlisted, funds were secured for a fice for all to sleep. The children simple hospital building. In the dis- come to school at unseasonably early pensary over 3I,000 patients have hours as its open playground and been treated during the past seven atmosphere of freedom and good will

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF

make it a far more desirable place opportunity to minister, to pour one's than the makeshift home or the self out for those whose need is so street. The fun in the playground great, is the chain that binds to their sometimes grows noisy, but so long post Mr. Kodama, the assistant as it is good-natured it is not checked.. teacher, and the devoted staff of Jap- When the schoolroom is reached quiet anese helpers. The work done has and order reign. Nowhere else have been of a character to attract the atwe seen two classes being taught at tention of the Japanese people all once by the one teacher. The arith- over their own Empire and in Amermetic class was given a sum to do ica as well. It has blazed a trail while the reading class, on the other hitherto unexplored in Japan and the SLEEPING· TIME IN THE DAY N U RSERY side of the same room, tried to de- highest appreciation has been exprest cipher the Japanese script. When accompanied by Government grants the results of the figuring were ready and the gifts of many private individto be made known, the reading class uals. These gifts, coming largely wrote out the curious characters to be from non-Christian sources, are not sure that their composition was un- usually made applicable to the rederstood. ligious work, which is the heart and motive of all that is done at the The Hakuai Kwai, or "loving-all Hakuai Kwai, but are directed to the institution," as the settlement is now relief of physical suffering or to the called, offers no shining bait of silver betterment of social conditions. 0r gold to hold its workers in its Without the Christian foundation, service. Hardly a living wage can it however, none of these things would return for devotion unstinted and have come into being and the results Christlike. Only the richness of the

achieved would have been impossible ing of father, mother and two chil- to reach. This fact is not lost upon dren, came under the influence of the the observant Japanese. institution. The parents had never Their appreciation of personal been married. The father was a service and of praiseworthy under- gambler, and the family were in takings was shown over twelve years such abject poverty that their only ago by the formation of a society in possession was one towel, the com- Osaka with a membership in every mon property of all. The older part of Japan. The object of the so- girl, who was a pupil in the ciety is to seek out marked instances day-school at Hakuai Kwai, labored of individual or organized work for with her father to persuade him to social betterment and to make public give up his gambling, and in order to recognition of them. The men who keep him at home in the evening organized this society come from the made a practise of teaching him each higher classes, but it is very demo- night what she had learned through cratic in its operations. Last year 48 the day. At length both parents be- people received their recognition .and came Christians and could not be these. represented every class of so- satisfied until a proper marriage cere- ciety. One was a jinrikisha man, sev- lUony had been performed. The eral were boys who had done much daughter is now the wife of a Chris- for their families, others were clerks, tian man. . They live in two good business men and teachers, anq one rooms in a respectable neighborhood was Miss Alice Adams. The notice and are out of debt. The mother, that this honor was to be accorded who works in a factory, lives such·a came in great formality when .she re- faithful, consistent Oldstian life that ceived a summons to appear before she is indeed "an epistle, known and the Mayor in best attire to' receive the read . of all men" with whom she gift of the society. This gift was a comes in; contact. When any unwel- writing-box of shitan (a very hard, come task is to be performed at. the dark wood) with a silver plate on the factory it is often said, "Give.it to inside of the cover giving the name that old woman to do; she is a Olris- of the society and the date. At the tian; Olristians will do anything.'~ same time a memorial was presented, One of. the neighbors of the institu- bearing the seal of the society at the tion was a blind woman, a beggar, top and outlining the aims of the set- whose fatherless boy came to the day- tlement work, as well as what had school. . While under its influence he been. accomplished by it. The docu- became ashamed to beg and when he ment closed with expressions of high left school, just before graduating appreciation of Miss Adams's work. from the primary course, he went to The Mayor called special attention work in. a factory to support his to the fact that this was the action of mother. Later he became an earnest prominent and representative people, Christian and on leaving the factory not in any sense a local testimonial. took a position as janitor at the settle- The results of this work are seen ment. By studying half of the day in the redeemed lives and the charac- he was graduated from a bookkeep- ters transformed. One family, consist- ing. school . and after working five

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA 9I I

years with one firm he has now gone Miss Adams' small errand boy and into business for himself. The old general factotum is worthy of honmother is a most earnest Christian orable mention. His father and and is often overheard praying aloud mother quarreled and ran away from ° when she supposes herself to be quite home leaving him, at the age of two alone. The gratitude she expresses at years, in the care of his grand parsuch times is extremely touching. ents. The grandfather had come IN THE DISPE N SARY OF THE MISSION Another family, the father of which from a good family but in his boywas a drunkard, were in great pov- hood had so fallen into sin as to beerty. Under the influence of the come disowned. He sank lower and settlement workers both of the parents lower until he became a resident of became Christians. All four children the slums. He is a gambler, and his have been in the school, but are now wife is a drunkard. Sotaro, who is able to aOttend other schools. The now ten years old and very small for oldest boy is preparing for Salvation his age, is an exceedingly bright boy Army work, while the second girl is with singular immunity from the vices studying to be a Bible woman. The of his elders. His manners are most family are now in comfortable cir- courtly. He bows to the floor in the cumstances, have moved away from doorway as he comes for orders in the slum district, and take care of one the morning. He blacks boots, runs of the chapels in the city. Every errands, goes on such responsible morning they have family prayers in business as the payment of bills, i~ which each one takes part. prompt, diligent and trustworthy in

everything. Not a moment is wasted. about and given full opportunity for For compensation he receives 25 cents investigation he was told of one case a month with which he goes at once after another of lives redeemed from to purchase stamps that he may put sin and of sterling character built up every cent into the postal savings from seeming ruin. He replied that bank to be used for his further the Imperial Government is aware education. of this outcome of distinctively Chris- tian work and knew that such results A representative of the Government are achieved only as a result of recently visited Hanabatake to inspect Christian work. the work of the institution in certain of its departments. As he was shown STRATEGIC POINTS IN MISSION WORK IN EGYPT N intellectual awakening inquiry is over the whole nation of Egypt. The opportunity is vast. I4AJ evident everywhere in Native Christians see it, and they " Egypt, not only in the are binding themselves into prayer . great centers, but also circles to pray and work for Moslems in towns and villages specially. throughout the whole country. Many Moslems say that if Again, there is the development of the Koran is a language of religion the native church. It is the effective it should have a practical meaning, means for the evangelization of intelligible to all. Others are dis- Egypt, tho the home church must tinguishing decisively between the bear the chief burden in finance and Koran and their traditions, denying leadership for some time. Native the latter the dominant place for- Christians must be taught their remerly assigned them. "Back to the sponsibility for their native land and Koran" is the cry heard in addresses, must learn to use their special knowlread in books and pamphlets and daily edge of native instincts and aspirapapers, and having become rather tions in the spread of the Gospel. universal in the ranks of Islam. Native workers must be trained and the spiritual forces in the native There is also a great evangelistic church must be vitalized and quickopportunity. The opposition of Islam ened. To that end American misat the present hour arises from the sionaries must be added to the presknowledge of the progress of Chris- ent staff, and leaders of Christian tianity and of the presence of a crisis thought and Bible study sent out which demands decisive moves. But for a short time each year. Thus, an the very opposition of Islam to the immediate aggressive movement, Gospel awakens inquiry among the worthy of the situation, may be masses, and more Moslems are at- started, and Egypt be taken for tending churches, are coming to the Christ. And if Egypt is thus conmission boats or to the missionary's quered, the intellectual and religious house, are reading his Book or books, center of Islam has been taken. than ever before. The movement of

NON-CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN MISSION

BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., MUSOORI, INDIA, WOODSTOCK COLLEGE N India, perhaps, more tant cities on the frontiers, especially I. iJI than in any other in the Northwest, bordering on the country, ignorance has Sikh States and the Moslem lands been regarded as the of Central Asia, as yet closed against mother of devotion- the missionary of the Gospel, there – especially as necessary seemed to be no avenue of approach, to popular subservancy to the control except the school. The pioneer mis- of Brahmins and Mullahs. Hence, the sionary of the Presbyterian Church simple req~irements laid upon the in America, the late Dr. John C.

common people, so foreign to the Lowrie, began his work by opening teachings of the Vedas or the Koran. an English school for boys, which at Enough for the Hindu to maintain once gave him an audience and an the social cU!'toms and the service of avenue of access to the hearts of the the household duty. Enough for the parents and relations of his pupils.

Moslem if he read the Kalimah and The school soon became so popular perform the prostrations of the daily as to draw the sons of princes and namaz. To the· preacher of the Gos- noblemen who came to the classes pel, the village Moslem replies, say- riding on horses and carrying um- ing: "Sir, we are unlearned-mere brellas as a sign of their dignity!

animals. We know nothing about re- Thus began the mission schools for ligion except this, that Allah is One non-Christians, which later on were and Mohammed is the prophet of encouraged by the government, now Allah." The so-called learning of increased a hundred fold and culmi- Hindus and Moslems, aside from nating in the many colleges, of which Western education, is exceedingly 5 are Christian, all affiliated to the limited. So great is the obstacle University. of the Punjab, at Lahore.

raised against the Gospel by this al- A similar advance has been made in most universal ignorance, that all every province in India, with 5 uni- missionary pioneers in India began to versities and hundreds of high inaugurate a system of education as schools and colleges for both boys the most hopeful means of breaking and girls, in all of which Western down the barriers of prejudice and and Oriental studies are ·carried on.

of imparting to the minds of the From what has been said as to the children, as yet unblinded by the rise and progress of Vestern educa- darkness of superstition, some of tion in India, it will be seen that even the teachings of Him. who is the in mission schools the teaching staff Light of the World. must have been for the most part • A mighty impetus was given to non-Christia.. For many years there this work by the late Dr. Duff, who were very few converts and these for was the pioneer in the effort to make the most part were, by reason of their the English language the medium want of knowledge, unfitted to be- of all higher education in India. come teachers. At most, it was This movement was so successful as possible to secure a head master and to create a new era in the work of . a Bible teachei'. The missionary was education in India. In the more dis- often unable to do more than conduct

a daily religious service in the school. tably the Brahmo Sarnaj, the Prar- On Sundays the scholars were usually thua Samaj, and even the Arya able to hear a Gospel lesson or to Samaj-all of which have abjured attend a church service. The years idolatry, worship God and in the case went by. Occasionally a young man of some, reverence Jesus Christ as came out and boldly declared him- the greatest of prophets and teachself a convert. Many more in his ers. Go into their houses of worship classes were almost persuaded, but and you will at once feel that this few had courage to face persecution. is not heathen India, and a hope will Many a school was seriously injured at once arise in your heart that the by the general withdrawal of the stu- Spirit of God may yet lead these out dents by their parents. But usually into His full light. the teachers were stedfast and continued to perform their duty and were Weare now ready to ask whether loyal to their missionary teachers, this work of education is worth while. many of them secretly sympathizing Have mission schools and colleges with the converts. The converts been a failure? I believe every man usually became teachers or preachers acquainted with the work now being and many of them still living have done in these schools, many of them been eminent leaders in the mission practically self-supporting, will apwork. But the rapid extension of the prove of the mission school for nonmissionary educational work was so Christian, altho it may be necessary great, that the number of native to employ many teachers as yet num- Christians fitted for the work was in- bered among non-Christians. sufficient to be more than a leaven among the non-Christian masters. It goes without saying that the ideal school for non-Christians is a school The influence of these mission with a Christian staff. There are schools for non-Christians in India some such schools. Forman Christian has been such as to practically revo- College in Lahore is a notable exlutionize the moral and religious ample, where all the professors, exsentiment of the people. Many in- cept two, are Christians. These two fluential persons have been brought are teachers of Arabic and Sanscrit, into the churches and the churches and owe their places in the college have so far advanced as to desire to because no Christians have yet been carryon a propaganda of their own. found to take their places. The ideal This movement began with the of a Christian school with Christian "Home Missions" and "Church Coun- masters for non-Christians is ever besels" and similar organizations in all fore the missions in India, but the parts of India. Then followed the realization ot this ideal is by no National Missionary Society, a move- means easy. ment of very great promise. A few men, under the pressure of But other movements in India, the Home Board, have tried to force which are accomplishing much for the the realization of their ideal, with advance of knowledge and righteous- the result that by offering large salness in India, are the outcome of aries to Christian teachers they have Christian educational influences, no- drawn Christian men away from other mission schools, thus weaken-

ing the sister institutions and at mass has to be educated and it is the same time making Christian men difficult to raise to any high degree so overrate their importance as to of culture. It can not for generations make it hard to retain their services. do much-to influence the higher The truth is there are not enough classes of Hindus and Moslems in men qualified for the work to fill our high schools and colleges. How vacancies, if the non-Christian is to soon could America man its Eastern be removed, and it sometimes happens schools and colleges with professors that the Christian man has less in- and teachers drawn from the colored fluence for the building of Christian schools in South Carolina! These character than the non-Christian low-caste Christians will be raised up teacher whose place he fills. to such place in time, but we must not be expected to replace non- This is a sad fact, but it could Christian teachers in our non-Chris- easily be duplicated in Christian tian high schools in India from those schools and colleges in America or now being educated in the low-caste England. What is needed is patience villages of the Punjab. and perseverance, which will grad- ually, but inevitably, secure a purely God is deeply impressing the high- Christian staff for every school. caste people of India by the liberal teaching of mission schools and by There is a fact which our secre- bur success in educating men of the taries· and mission council must not lowest classes. They are not blind – be allowed to forget. This fact is to the influence abroad in India, and that the great mass of Christians are now striving to retain their in- baptized in recent years have been fluence over the pariah by under- gathered from among the low caste taking to educate him! Let us go on or pariah classes. in India, who are with our schools for all classes and almost entirely illiterate. This rapid believe that the light of the Gospel ingathering has raised the number of will enlighten all dark places until Protestant Christians up to about one India's millions shall rejoice in the million. But this great increase has Light which lighteneth every man. been made within two decades. This A PLEA FOR WOMAN'S EDUCATION IN INDIA I N the speech of the Begum of has done much more harm to men Bhopal before the All-India Mo- than to women. The Begum urged hammedan Educational Conference at careful attention to the preparation of Delhi was an earnest plea for greater courses of study and the training and facilities for the education of Moham- supply of lady teachers; and also admedan girls. The Begum struck a vised the translation into Udu of suittrue note when she said that the his- able books on domestic occupations, tory of the Mohammedan community, such as the training of children, hyas well as daily experience, fully prove giene and technical education. The that it is the neglect and want of due Begum. has embodied her thoughts in attention of men which are responsible .a pamphlet which is being widely disfor the ignorance of women, and this tributed.-Bombay Guardian.

A. SHARP: MISSIONARY TO THE

I1Y MARY E. GEORGE, MONROVIA, LIBERIA HY do the people crowd does not know when she became pos- sest of a desire to wbrk in a misfWl around the doors and sion field; the spirit of missions may windows and push so?" have been born in her. It became ac- asked a stranger visit- centuated in her hospital work, and at ing Krutown, who saw the close of the war she determined to the congregation in an give her life to the uplift of the over-crowded church. black race. She went from the hos- pital to teach in the Freedman's "Krumen hungry for God," was Schools on the Sea Islands off the answer. Charleston, South Carolina. While at work there, she saw Bishop Haven's This was the church founded and call for workers for the African conducted by Miss Mary Sharp. Al- field, and she was moved by the spirit tho seventy-five years of age, she is to turn her face to Liberia. a remarkable example of both physical and mental vigor and activity. Her She went out to Africa under the people not only call her "Mammy;" Missionary Society of the Methodist but they look up to her for advice Episcopal Church, but was transand guidance as children do to a ferred soon after her arrival to the natural mother. She has seen a gen- Women's Society and began her work eration of these simple-hearted, as preceptress in the seminary. This kindly black folks grow up, and they has since been replaced by the College reverence the guay-haired teacher, of West Africa. The pupils in the who has helped to satisfy their "God- seminary were children of the Amerihunger." can negroes who had emigrated from the United States, and the descend- At the close of a church service ants of those who had come in earat which Miss Sharp told her people lier days. While Miss Sharp entered that she would try to get them a new actively upon her work, her heart and larger church, a great crowd of went out to the aborigines of the Kru people surrounded her, some country, and her first experiences putting their arms around her, and were among the Kru people, who all shouting: "Thank you, plenty; have a town on the beach of the you do fine for Krumen, heah ?" City of Monrovia. The building in which they now meet holds about five hundred persons, The Krus are the longshoremen of and it is an ordinary sight to see the coast. They load and unload all crowds outside around the windows vessels and carryall passengers from and doors eager to enter. the shore to the ships, which anchor quite a distance off as there are no Miss Sharp was born in Mont- piers here, and bring all passengers pelier, Vermont, October II, 1835 ; ashore. In the rainy season the water was educated at the State. Normal on the sand-bars is very rough, and School at Mansfield, Pennsylvania; the crossing is sometimes very dantaught several years in Pennsylvania gerous. The life of the passenger is and in the upper part of New York literally in the hands of the Kru boys State; went in r862 into the hospital service as nurse, and served throughout the war of the rebellion. She who man the rowboats. No foreigner hands and say, "Be quiet." She could ride these choppy seas as a Kru would say, pointing to benches, "Sit steersman can ride them. The Mon- down;" and they, pointing to the rovia Bar was unusually bad on the same benches, would repeat, "Sit day when Miss Sharp landed, and down," in the same tone of command. on the way from the steamer to the beach she saw anxiety in the Kru Within a very short time after her sailors' faces as dangerous billows arrival, Miss Sharp went to Krutown bore down upon their boat. One in company with Mrs. Jane R. Robvery heavy sea broke over the boat, erts, the aged widow of President nearly swamping it. Excited excla- J. J. Roberts, the first president of mations were uttered by the crew, but Liberia. There she made arrangenot knowing her danger, Miss Sharp ments with some Krumen to build smiled and brushed the water out of her a thatched meeting house, and her eyes and hair. She immediately agreed to pay them ten dollars in became the center of admiring com- cash. The house was built and the ment, and later in her life she found cash was paid, and this formed anthat her coolness in crossing the bar other link in the chain uniting teacher had won the Krumen's hearts, and and followers closely together. There that they called her "Mammy no fear was a great complaint at this time water." that the employers of native labor did not act squarely, but too generally A few days after her arrival, Miss cheated the laborers, either by giving Sharp was visiting Krutown on the them goods after promising them Monrovia beach, and saw some Kru- cash, or by withholding their wages. men who were cleaning a gun. They When Miss Sharp bargained for the asked her through an interpreter if meeting house and pr~mised cash, she could "make gun talk." She the Krus were skeptical; but when said, "Yes," and, knowing that it they received cash, they said, "This was unloaded, she took it up, put it be God mammy." to her shoulder and pulled the triggers one after another. From that Little, if any, encouragement was moment all Krutown was in love given Miss Sharp in her determinawith the "Mammy no fear water, no tion to give herself exclusively to fear gun." work among the Krus. The opinion at the time was general that the Next Miss Sharp invited the Kru Krus could not be civilized, much less people to come up to the seminary Christianized. The surface indicaafter her school hours. They came, tions were not encouraging, but the first in small numbers and then in hope of any people lies in the uplift constantly increasing crowds. So of the girls. Miss Sharp found that she began nusslOnary work and at her approach mothers would gather found her pupils were very amus- up their girls and run to their huts. ing. They were wild and they No Kru girl, thirty years ago, was would rush in with noise and clamor allowed to go outside of her tribe, like a mob. She would clap her or even to a foreign school conducted hands and say, "Be quiet," and to inside the tribal limits. It was dif~ her amusement, they would clap their ferent with the boys for they followed her in large numbers in her ago, nakedness was the rule; no early visits to Krutown. With a clothing was worn by the children, twinkle in her eye she tells of how and men and women were clad she was once greeted with an offer on with only a cloth girdle about the part of a boy to tell the names their loins. But early in Miss of his playmates. She encouraged Sharp's work the Kru people them- him, and was greatly amused to hear selves voluntarily "passed a law"

such naines as these: "Two pound that no one should come to ten;" "Jack after Supper;" "Bottle church without being drest. Now of Beer;" "Flying Jib;" "Top Sail." one sees men, women and children Since these early days, a great dressed in suitable tropical attire, change has come over Krutown. looking neat, attractive and happy.

Miss Sharp has trained scores of No one would doubt their happiness girls, sending out some as teachers, if he could hear these Kru wor- who are doing excellent work. Her shippers sing the songs of Zion in boys have become teachers, preachers, their own language. It would stir government officials, merchants, and the most phlegmatic temperament and one is a leading physician. She has send a glow of radiance and glory also aided several boys to go to through the coldest heart. And it is schools in the United States. The not all emotion. Thirty years ago, Kru mothers now freely give her Sunday was a day of revelry and their girls for training, being glad disorder; to-day it is like a New to have Miss Sharp teach them England or a Western village.

"book," "sew," "cook" and "God Thirty years ago, it was not an un- palaver." usual sight to see women disrobe and About ten years after building her fight in nakedr.ess in the street.

ten dollar church, Miss Sharp was Thirty years ago, no Christian church compelled to build a larger one to or school existed in Krutown. Miss accommodate her increasing follow- Sharp led the way and now there are ers; and twenty years ago she was four churches and four schools.

compelled to build again, as they Thirty years ago the darkness of re- needed more room. The present pulsive heathenism prevailed; to-day church, which is also used for a there are over a thousand professing schoolroom, is a tin structure and is Christians among the Kru population entirely too small for present pur- of this one town.

poses. It is usually packed with Ask this battIe-scarred veteran people like sardines in a box, and is what is the great desire of her heart showing signs of age, and of the for these people, to whom she has effect of nearly a generation of consecrated her life, and she would climatic wear and tear. answer: "Before I am gathered to A service in this church, especially my fathers, I want to see a large when Miss Sharp is present (and substantial church building with she usually is, unless prevented from school rooms annexed erected for my attending on some unusually stormy people. Then I will say like Simeon Sabbath in the rainy season) is up- of old, 'Lord, now lettest thou thy lifting and inspiring. Thirty years servant depart in peace.'''

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN

BY WILLIAM COOPER, FORMERLY OF SH ANGHAI ISI· OME years ago a mis· smoking, gambling, and sin of every sionary, when itinerat- kind. At first he met with much ing, visited a large opposition and ridicule from his old town in the northern companions, but by patiently bearing part of the province of all, and by the consistent testimony Kiang-su. His preach- of his changed life, one after aning on the streets attracted large other became convinced of the reality crowds, and many Christian books of his conversion, and desired to foland Gospels were sold. Among those low him as he followed Christ. who heard his message was a man named Ch'en, who, in addition to After six months spent with them, following him about from place to during which time he had nightly place during the day, went each eve- meetings for the reading and exposining to the inn in which the mission- tion of the Scriptures, and some reary stayed to inquire more particu- markable answers to prayer, six or larly into the truth of the Gospel. seven families having put away their idols and turner! to the Lord, he After three days the missionary proposed that they should invite a and his native helper moved on to missionary to visit them in order that other cities, but the good seed had they might be further instructed in fallen into prepared ground, and Mr. God's word and admitted to church- Ch'en continued to study the New fellowship. These young converts Testament which he had bought. Be- had never seen a foreign missionary, fore long, he became convinced that but gladly gave him money to defray this Book contained just what he his traveling expenses to Gank-ing, needed, and what he had for years the nearest mission station, in order been vainly seeking for in the false that he might seek pastoral help for systems of Confucianism, Buddhism them. For such help he was obliged and Taoism. In order to get further to make a journey of 235 miles, instruction, he gave up his position through a country where no railways as a subordinate officer in the army exist, and over the roughest of roads. and went to Yangcheo, the nearest I shall nev~r forget the thrill of mISSIOn station, 100 miles away. joy that filled our hearts on the Sun- There he attended the services in our day morning when, after a week of chapel for some time and began to hard travel, he arrived at that statestify for Christ, but his heart be- tion and told us the good news of came so filled with the joy of the how God had used him in opening up Lord, that, without any suggestion the work in a district we had, up to from us, he felt constrained to go off that time, been unable to visit. After into the adjoining province of An- keeping him waiting for some time, huei to seek his old friends and rela- my colleague was able to return with tives and tell them of the wonderful him, and after spending some weeks Savior Who had saved him. in teaching these young converts, he had the joy of baptizing this God- On arriving at the village where sent evangelist and ten others, as the he had lived in former years, he cre- first-fruits to Christ in that region. ated a sensation by boldly preaching Six months later, 22 others were rethe Gospel of salvation from opium

ceived, and the work has since spread praying for him, and believing that to several other villages. Mr. Ch'en, when he knows what the Gospel really after spending some years evangeliz- is, he will believe it, too. But what ing in another part of the province, about yourself? This good news is returned to that district again, and for you as much as for us." They is still faithfully witnessing for his talked and prayed with this man- Master. Not a few of the converts, who was a member of the landlord's brought in through his labors in the family-day by day, and in less than early days, have passed away to be a week he became converted and then with Christ. joined earnestly with tht: other Chris- The converts were nearly all hard- tians in praying that his master might working tenant farmers, and they met be turned from his evil ways and pur- with great opposition and persecu- pose, and that he misht become a new tion from the owner of the land on man in Christ Jesus.

which they resided. This man, Ts'ii At the end of three weeks Mr. Ts'u Rih-sin, was a very proud Confucian- arrived, and was met outside the vil- ist. He was a literary graduate and lage by his own messenger, of whom was preparing for the kigher exami- he inquired the result of his threaten- nations with a view to becoming a ing message. On being informed that mandarin. none of them had recanted, he was On hearing that his tenants had very angry, and curst them most bit- accepted the doctrines of Jesus terly, vowing that he would make preached by the much-hated foreign- short work of their faith. The mes- er, he was very indignant. He sent senger advised him to wait until he threatening messages to them, order- had heard the Gospel for himself, as ing them to at once give up this new he might then change his mind, add- religion and return to the faith of ing that what the Christians believed their forefathers, but all to no avail. was the truth, and worthy of accepta- He lived several days' journey away tion by all. This made him still more from the district, but used to go angry, and he retorted: "What, have there every year to gather in the you also swallowed the Foreign rents of his farms. When the time Devil's pill?" referring to a very com- came for him to pay his usual round mon belief among the Chinese that of visits, he sent a messenger on be- missionaries carry a supply of magic fore to warn them that if, during the pills, and when they can induce any next three weeks, they did not all re- one to swallow them, they imme- cant, he would come and take the diately become bewitched and believe.

land from them, and drive them from The messenger quietly answered: the place, as he would never tolerate "N0, I have had no medicine, nor the presence of a Christian on his have I ever seen a foreigner, but I land. The messenger went and de- have heard the Gospel, and I believe livered his master's message, but the it, and when you hear it, you will be- Christians said: "Oh, he does not lieve it, too." Such was the simple know what he is talking about. We faith of these early Christians that can net','" give up the Gospel which they dared to believe that prayer of- has done so much for us, and we are fered in the name of Jesus would

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN CHINA

receive a speedy answer, even tho the scholar and said, "It is all very well, opposition was very great. great teacher, to talk to us in this way. Confucius was a good man, but The Confucianist went on to the where's the power to practise what village in a very bad temper, but was he teaches? If he could rise from received kindly by his tenants. After the dead to-day, I firmly believe he the evening meal, he thought it his would accept the doctrines of the duty to instruct these poor, ignorant New Testament and become a Chrispeople, whom he firmly believed had tian. But altho Confucius can teach been deluded, so he began to tell you many things, he can not save them what Confucius taught, and you. This Jesus, Whom we preach quoted the classics at great length, and in Whom we believe, died on the urging them to at once renounce all Cross for our sins, He rose again false doctrines, and to return tc the from the dead for our justification, worship of their ancestral tablets. and He lives at God's right hand to But the man in whose house he was save us, and He does save us now staying was able to meet all his argu- from our sins. You know what a ments. This man, Mr. Wang, had bad man I was, how I used to gamble, been a scholar in his younger days, drink wine and smoke opium, but and had studied the classics, but now that I have been saved I have during the T'ai-p'ing rebellion he was no desire for those things I formerly carried away as a prisoner and com- loved. This is through the grace of pelled to serve as a soldier for sev- God, won't you accept it?" eral years. After that he took to farming, and having a good deal of He went on talking thus till after leisure during the winter months, he midnight, and the schoIar went away used to spend much time in gambling, to his bed feeling very unhappy, for and became very profligate. He was he had utterly faiIed to convince the the first man in the village to be- Christians of their delusion, and they lieve the Gospel, and at the time of seemed to have somethjng whjch not his conversion he was almost blind. only made them very happy, but The sight of one eye was entirely which had evidently wrought a great gone, and_ that of the other was change in their lives. rapidly failing, but he prayed, "Oh, God, spare the sight of this eye so After a few days, during which he that I may read Thy Book. I do applied every argument and threat he want to know what it teaches." could to induce them to recant, but all to no purpose, as they were quite God answered that prayer, and prepared, if necessary, to sacrifice spared the partial sight of one eye, their farms, but not to part with which was used to such purpose that their priceless treasure; the Spirit of in two years this man had so mas- God wrought mightily on the heart tered the contents of the New Testa- of that proud man, and humbled him ment that he could turn up passages to the very dust before God. on almost any subject in it, and could expound them to the profit and It was the Lord's Day, and at that edification of those who heard him. time the Christians had no place to meet in except the house of Mr. This good man talked to the proud Wang, where the landlord was stay-

ing. They had earnest, believing with joyful hearts, praying with him prayer that no disturbance might be and reading passages from God's made by him, and to their joyous sur- word to him. All the afternoon and prize, he sat quietly through the serv- evening was spent in this way, and ice, the first thing of the kind he the scholar entered into joy and peace had ever seen. He saw and heard in believing. one of these poor, despised men that plowed his fields conduct that service, What a change it brought into his and expound the word of God, and life! His pride was entirely banat the close, he said, "I can not ished, and he became as simple as a understand this, you are an ignorant child, willing to learn from any of man compared with me, how is it the Christians, and instead of cursing that you can talk like that about that the much-hated foreigner, he gladly Book?" "Oh," said he, "it is not I, welcomed him and showed his love but the Holy Spirit, it is all owing in many practical ways. I have travto the grace of God." He took up eled with him for weeks together, the New Testament and read it for eating at the same table, and sleepsome time, and then read the opening ing in the same bed with him, and chapters of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's have watched his subsequent life with Progress," in which he says he saw the deepest interest, and can truly himself portrayed as faithfully as if testify to his sincerity. He iE' inhis life had been photographed. He stant in season, out of season, and was the man with the burden of sin, always has a message-the story of living in the City of Destruction and Christ's love-to tell everyone, rich needing to flee from the wrath to or poor, and the Lord has used him come; and as he read, the tears in leading quite a number of his relastreamed down his face. This proud tives and friends to a saving knowl- Confucianist bowed down before Mr. edge of the truth. Wang and said, "I have been a student of the Confucian classics for He was baptized along with 21 33 years, but I can see that all my others, in the very place where he learning is small (of no account), had vowed to stamp out the Jesus and yours is the great (of su- doctrine, and shortly afterward gave preme importance) learning; will you a piece of land on which to erect a teach me?" chapel, and a substantial donation toward the expense of building it. The Christians loved him very Afterward he gave some more land: much in spite of his previous opposi- the proceeds of which were used for tion, and they gathered around him the general expenses of the work in that place.

VILLAGE IN NORTHWESTERN

BY SAINT NIHAH SINGH m.1-· . SA NAGRI-literally reached the high mark of 350 to 400 Christ's City-situated souls per square mile, and shifted in what fifteen years to the land of hope and promise. All ago was an uninhabited that the would-be colonists had to desert, but which to- pay was their traveling expenses and day, thanks to the Che- a nominal charge of a little over fifty nab Irrigation Canal, has become an cents per acre levied by the Irriga- important world granary, exclusively tion Department for constructing owned by Hindu converts, graphically watercourses, fixing boundaries and tells the tale of what Christianity is surveying fields. In the case of the doing for the uplift of the mentally, very poor settlers, the mission paid physically, and socially submerged even these items. Thus, many native natives of India. Out of the 500 converts flocked into the colony and people who inhabit the village, less settled in the new villages that sprang than two dozen are nonchristians, up with magic speed in the wake of these being three carpenters, one the water brought to the wilderness.

Sikh, two Mohammedans, and three A half-dozen towns in the colony shopkeepers, all of them Hindu Banias are wholly populated and owned by and their relatives, none 'of them Christians.

possessing any agrarian rights in the By nature the native of India is town. Most of the Christian resi- gregarious. Unlike the Western dents either have been raised from farmer, he does not build his house low castes, or are descendants of right on the farm, but a number of pariahs who had flocked to Christ's agriculturists, with a full complement standard. A person can not visit of carpenters, shoemakers, shop- these erstwhile deprest people with- keepers, and hangers-on, all live in a out being imprest with the fact that village adjoining their land. Isa Christianity has injected a new man- Nagri, like all the other villages in hood into their veins, changed their the Ba-r, has been settled upon this ways of life and habits of thought, plan.

brightened their outlook, and brought In order to appreciate "Christ- them a peace and' prosperity unknown town" one must remember that the to their forefathers. . converts residing in it have been re- When the Chenab Colony was cruited from the lowest castes. Most thrown open for settlement, far- of them were churahs, whom the sighted missionaries working in the Hindu social economy everlastingly Punjab seized the opportunity of emi- condemns to do the work of scaven- grating some of their poor, low-caste gers, and whose very touch is con- converts to the Bar-literally desert sidered defiling. Indeed, in some -as the tract was called, where vir- parts of Hindustan, their mere shadow gin soil was being given away for falling on a Brahman, pollutes him.

almost nothing. Consequently, hun- The "untouchables," as the result of dreds of Christian families were taken this ban, live in filth, ignorance and from the congested Punjab districts, poverty, leading an existence whose where the population oftentimes wretchedness it is hard to exaggerate.

The missionaries have succeeded in write, and in external appearance rescuing hundreds of thousands of they look very much the same as do these unfortunate men and women the other farmers in the surrounding from their pitiable plight, and have districts, yet, when you meet them, put them in the way of leading a you can not help but remark that more pleasant, more profitable life. they possess more than the average Just what has been accomplished in intelligence. They take an interest this direction is visualized in Isa in newspapers, which are brought into Nagri. There the ex-churahs have the village and are read by those who changed their old, hereditary profes- are literate. The schoolmaster, a sion for farming, and now employ shrewd, bespectacled young man with others to do kamin-menial work-in clean-cut features, retails the news to their village. Only twenty-four of those who are unable to decipher print the converts own land, the others for themselves. All of the houses working as tenants and laborers. The are built of mud, but in most of them land-owners possess only the occu- you find at least one chair or wooden pancy rights to their tracts, these stool. In some of the residences rights descending to their heirs. The books are also to be found. In the government is the real proprietor of room that serves as joint study and the land, merely leasing it out. Each bedroom to the schoolmaster, I saw of the farm owners possesses one' not only a well-stocked shelf of re- square, about 27.77 acres, with the ligious, moral and philosophical litera- exception of the Sarbarah Lambar- ture in English and Hindustani, but dar, the acting head-man of the vil- also a timepiece. The walls of nearly lage, and another person, each of all the houses are decorated with whom have one and one-half squares. prints and photographs, instead of The cultivators raise wheat, corn, being utterly bare, as they are in cotton, and toria (an oil seed), and the average Indian village home. In- despite the primitive implements they deed, I was amazed to note the in- employ, the converts, who, not many terest that these people take in pho- years ago knew nothing but the tography-almost everyone of them simplest scavengering, to-day have possessing one or more pictures of become successful farmers. Each acre themselves and friends, or of their of land they cultivate yields about residence-an unusual thing in India, twenty-one and one-third bushels of at least among people of their class.

wheat, or twenty-five bushels of corn, The villagers manage to keep Isa a square bringing them a profit of N agri in a fairly good sanitary con- about $133, clear of all expenses, and dition.

the grain and corn necessary to sup- What imprest me most was the port the farmer and his family and fact that these men, as a rule abso- cattle. This is poor, according to lutely illiterate, and everyone of American standards, but it is con- them bearing on his mentality the sidered extremely satisfactory in In- mark of centuries of repression and dia. . the brand of social ignominy, have Only a few of these erstwhile low- succeeded in evolving a model church caste Hindus are able to read and government in the town founded a

little over ten years ago. The head- to which the congregation belongs, has promised generous aid. man of Isa Nagri is Jaswant Singh- It appears to be the custom among the pastor-who, with his white, pa- the people of Isa Nagri to pay onetriarchal beard, bright eyes beaming with intelligence, ready wit and fluent tenth of their annual income toward talk, makes a capable leader. He lives the maintenance of the church and with his wife in a little bungalow its workers. Many pay in kind. When I visited the chapel, a heap of containing two rooms and a veranda, cotton, in its raw state, was lying in built of mud, and quite neatly kept. a mound in one corner of the pul- He is paid $13.33 a month, and has pit, the offering of a reverent soul. an assistant, who also is head master of the boys' school and postmaster of The pastor is quite keen on keep.. the village, a married man, earning ing his marriage and baptismal regisfrom all his jobs combined, $10 a ters with scrupulous neatness and month. A preacher, Munshi Allah care. No less than thirty-three mar- Datta, at a salary of $3.33 per month, riages were solemnized during nine spends most of his time on the road months, last year, while 300 people carrying the light to people in the were baptized. The village has only neighborhood, preaching to them in 500 inhabitants, fully 300 of whom Urdu and Punjabi. There are many are children, and so most of the mar- Christians in near-by villages, Isa Na- riages and baptisms were of people who came to Isa Nagri from the outgri forming the headquarters of the side. The registers were especially propaganda. Everyone of the five interesting, inasmuch as they were church-wardens, induding a treasurer frequently signed by means of thumb and secretary, is an honorary worker impressions by the Indian men and and elected to the office he holds. women, who were unable to write The villagers hold themselves respon- their names. sible for the salaries of the church workers. The chapel is a mud build- Besides supporting the church, the ing, far from prepossessing from the Isa Nagri people maintain two outside, but with a bright and airy schools, one for boys and the other interior. Its walls are suitably deco- for girls-fifty of the former and rated. No benches or chairs are pro- thirty-three of the latter attending vided, the worshipers squatting, cross- these institutions. The Government legged, on the floor, in native fashion. pays a subsidy toward the mainte- These farmers sitting on the carpet, nance of the two academies, which many of them drest in a tahmat- are highly spoken of by the official a long, loose sheet wrapt about the inspectors of schools, but the a.id thus legs-with their heads uncovered, given is very small and leaves the their turbans lying beside them, form vilIage elders to do considerable hard a picturesque congregation. The vil- work in order to meet all expenses. lagers now are bending all their en- There are five classes in each. school. ergies 'to collect funds from among Elementary English is taught to both themselves and converts in the neigh- sexes. Two male teachers are emborhood, to put up a brick chapel, ployed in the boys' school, and a and the' Church Missionary Society, mistress and needlewoman in the

girls' academy. The children look above the other, on their heads, they happy and intelligent. This is par- present a picturesque appearance. At ticularly true of the girls, who ap- each extremity of the town there are peared full of vivacity. Their mis- two tanks for watering the cattle. tress, Miss Utami Boota Singh, a Each house in the village is built in comely miss of nineteen or twenty, the center of a plot of land fifty-five drest in the style generally adopted feet square, tho in one or two inby the Indian Christians-a skirt, stances these dimensions are doubled. blouse and white muslin veil wrapt The compound is surrounded by a about the head but not covering the mud wall four or five feet high, along face-believes in coupling play with one side of which runs the open brain work, and the lassies, therefore, range, where the cattle are kept duare sprightly and active. They went ring the hours they are idle. through a song exercise for my benefit, in which the girls described, with The people of Isa Nagri are simplewords and gestures, all the processes minded. Their ideas of religion are to which the grain is subjected, from far from complex, tho some of them the time it is planted until it is possess marvelous memories, and eaten in the form of bread. Many without making a mistake repeat reof the children have Western Chris- ligious dogmas, word for word, so tian names, and Jacks and Jills, glibly as to give one the impression Willies and Katies, are about as that they are the authors of the common among them as if they had statements they are making. After been born in America. Strange to questioning many of them, I feel consay, altho the little ones have been vinced that most of the converts in given foreign names, their fathers Isa Nagri really believe in what they stick to their old cognomens. Only profess. Indeed, their faith is so two of them have adopted names Ii la deep and abiding that often the pas- Occidental. These are J. Marshall, tor is called in to the houses to adwho speaks English rather fiuently, minister baptism to sickly, new-born babies, lest they may die before being and J. Samuel, an old, white-bearded admitted into the Kingdom of God.

patriarch, both church-wardens. The effect of Christianity has been The village itself is much like other to wipe out many of the old-time prejudices, and you find no caste and towns in the Bar. In its center is no purdah (seclusion of women) obthe communal well, at which a group served in the little village. This is of women, one or two drest in the the effect produced by Christianity Indian Christian, the others in the wherever it gains a foothold in Inregulation Punjabi costume-the pa- dia, and if the teachings of Christ jama trousers, a shirt, and a daupata, served no other purpose than to thus a veil carelessly thrown over the break down the barriers of prejudicial head, leaving the face uncovered- customs, the work of the missionaries may be seen chatting and laughing in Hindustan, as a movement calcuas they draw the water and fill their lated to uplift the nation, would be vessels. As they carry the earthen well worth while. pots, two or three balanced, one

SCENES IN CHINA *

BY REV. J. GOFORTH, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission IMPRESSIVE BACK.SUDING, CONFESSION, RESTORATION AND CONSECRATION EA) -""'~ rJ SERIES 0 f special prayer after the forenoon address. . Addressing the Heavenly Father, he ~ meetings was recently said; "If we do not imitate Christ in held at Liuchang, an our homes, we can not save our own families. If we do not save our own out-station in myoId families, we can not save our rela- tions; if we do not save our rela- mission field in the tions, we can not save our neighbors; and jf we do not love our neighbors Changte prefecture. enough to save them, we can not save our country." Then thanking God for – Almost six years had the gift of His son, he said: "My heart was full of evil thoughts, and passed since we had seen these Chris- all my study of the classics could not dislodge them; but Jesus did. My tians. Their welcome was extremely lips were full of filthy words, and Confucius could not dea'nse them; but hearty. They are our children in the Jesus did. My life was full of deeds of shame, and all the precepts of the faith, tho, as the sequel will show, sages could not stop me; but the Lord my Savior did." they had wandered far. Monday, the refining went on. The On the first evening after an ad- elder and two of the deacons were sore troubled. One of the oldest condress on "The love of Christ constrain- verts, awfully broken, confest to opium-selling, drinking, and gambling. eth us," deep feeling was exprest in He further said: "My son will not obey me; but what wonder, when I the prayers, and confession of failure, will not obey Thee. I lost all testi- mony for Christ as soon as I sinned." caused us to rejoice that the blest The first man interested in this re- Spirit was present at this first meet- gion, but always unsatisfactory as a Christian, a man with some scholaring in convicting power. ship .and considerable ability, was bad- ly cut up on Monday, tho he said It was a joy to meet in this little nothing. At night, in his home, he acted like a madman, slapping his own church on the Sabbath, and find it face and calling himself the worst of names. packed forenoon and afternoon. It On Tuesday, during one of the adwas their own church, built by them- dresses, the Lord seemed to search hearts as with a lighted candle, and selves, without foreign aid. After the the people seemed awed in His pres- ence. morning address on Acts 7 :8, the first A Call Heard and Accepted to pray broke down and wept because Even before I started to speak on he had not witnessed Christ's witness vVednesday the people were breaking down while praying. Their hearts in that promised power. The next seemed very tender, and there was was all broken up. Since he first pro- fest to believe in Christ, ten years ago, he had always let the world en- tangle. For six months he had not come to church; to-day he had no in- tention of coming, and was not aware that we had been invited to come and hold revival meetings. This morning he was seized with such awful pains, that he fell on his knees in alarm.

God told him to go to church. As soon as he started to walk the four miles to church, the pain left him. He came in when the address was under way, but there was enough left for the Lord to mightily convict him.

The Confessions of a Scholar God was manifestly with us this first Sabbath at all three services, but I will not mention anything more, ex· cept two thoughts in a noted scholar's • From China's Millions.

an eagerness to pray. They seemed ant with God. I planned a murder, amazed at the Spirit's mighty power but it miscarried; nevertheless, I am to search out all hidden sin. The as guilty as if it had; and I am guilty cheering result to-day was that one of of adultery." With an awful cry, he our high school graduates, a Mr. Fan, said. "I have crucified the Son of a young man of good ability, with a God afresh, and put Him to an open fair knowledge of English, and gifted shame. 0 pray for me I" with a winning personality, said the Lord had moved him to give his life Freed From Bondage wholly to glorify Christ among his fellow-men by preaching the Gospel. Instantly all arose, and prayed for It was with difficulty he was persuaded him, and then burst out into thanksto be present .at these meetings. He giving for God's triumphant grace. had just received the offer of a pay- The deacon said he got all cut up at ing position on the railway, and had the service on Wednesday forenoon, decided to take it. Now he has heard and was perfectly miserable, but that the Lord's voice, and accepts the high- the Devil almost dragged him away, est service. lest he make a fool of himself by con- fessing. He further said that when We were all grieved this day at the he got home he found no relief, never way Deacon Liu Peng Liu acted. He sleeping a wink all night, and never had not proved much of a success as having put in such a miserable time a Christian, and less so as a deacon. since he was born. Being a proud, self-sufficient man, his influence has been exercised in the We were delighted to welcome Mr. wrong direction; hence we were all Horsburgh on Thursday. He came concenied to have him changed dur- to see the Lord's mighty power in ing these meetings. After much per- cleansing and reviving His people. suasion, he came in the forenoon for the second time. We expected him to All through Friday those who had stay at least for the afternoon service. not got right with God had a miser- The elder and others did their best to able time, and, unable to resist any induce him to stay, but he only in- longer, one after another came to sulted them and went home. The terms of absolute surrender to God. elder felt very castdown about it, but One, with a terrific cry, confest to a we comforted him by uniting with fearfully aggravated sin. Deacon Lui him and others in prayer for the dea- 'Nan Yun, regarded as a pillar of the con. My wife withdrew from the church, a man who has given his service to pray for him. My burden tithe since conversion, con fest that he in prayer was: "0 Lord, bring him had allowed the sale of opium in his to terms by making him the most eating-house and shared in the profits. miserable man in this county tonight." At first he said he made a fuss when It seemed God must answer our pray- he found his bookkeeper, cooks, and ers. waiters had begun the sale of opium in the restaurant, but they said, "You On Thursday morning we were all need not handle any· of it, but will glad to see the deacon turn up, look- share in the profits." Besides, the ing so unhappy. He sent in a request Devil said, "You must not press the saying he wanted a chance to confess. matter, lest all your men leave you at This showed God had been humbling this busy season, and then what would him during the night, for yesterday you do?" "On the other hand, the he told one of the brethren that he Holy Spirit," said he, "convinced me would die rather than demean himself of the sin and the hindrance to the by a public confession. After the ad- cause of Christ, but I stifled His dress, I gave him permission, and he promptings." The deacon had for came forward greatly agitated, and, for more than a month stopt the sale taking the chalk, he wrote on the of the opium, but felt he must destroy blackboard: "I have broken a coven- the works of the Devil by a confes- sion. He was so genuinely moved,

SCENES IN

and spoke with such feeling, that it I am amazed at the extent to which made a deep impression on all. the young Christians have gone back to cards and gambling. The daughter of the man who acted like a madman a few nights before, On the second Sabbath, the ninth, slapping his own face and calling him- and last day of these meetings, at the self the worst of names, had been con- morning service, 19 volunteered to stant in prayer for her father during give the tithe. All promised to give these meetings that he might have no so much each year. Even unsaved peace until he got right with God. promised yearly subscriptions for the This night she had the joy of seeing support of the church. The Sabbath him bend, and confess his awful sins. question was taken up with vigor; The previous night she said her father there was not one dissentient voice. humbled himself before her mother, All agreed that if they were to live confessing his unfaithfulness as a hus- right as Christians and glorify God, band, and harmony was restored in they must keep the Sabbath. They their home. I am appalled at the aw- have decided to put up a list of all ful condition of this church. 0 that professing Christians in the church, these facts, which have come to the with space after each name for all light under Divine pressure, might the Sabbaths in the year. Any who humble and alarm those who have had attend will have .a mark put opposite the oversight of this church during their names each Sabbath, and anyone the last five years! But the most who misses several Sabbaths will humbling and alarming fact is that have someone sent to call upon him this church is not a solitary excep- to inquire the reason for the absence. tion. I have found all the sins committed by the heathen, committed in- After the afternoon address on the side the Church of Jesus Christ by "Prayer of Faith," some wept as they His profest followers, and yet His realized how much they had failed in servants, the missionaries, are not the prayer service. Then at their close humbled to the dust nor weep for the they organized into a preaching sohour of the Lord's Zion. ciety, some volunteering five days of free service, some ten days, others In the Refiner'. Fire IS and 20 days. Several promised a month, and one man two months. The first to yield on Saturday morning after the address was Deacon Fan. The evening was entirely given up For days he had been troubled, but to hearing testimonies to blessing renow the pressure burst all bounds, ceived these days. I will only give and he came and flung himself on the the substance of the first seven. Mr. platform in an agony of weeping, and Fan, the student, said his blessing was confest to robbing God of the tithe, of beyond compare. He had been turned service, of the Christ example in his back from worldly ambition to wholly home, where he has repeatedly given dedicate his life to the service of way to fits of temper, in which he in- Christ the Lord. dulged in reviling. "Recently," said he, "when in a rage and reviling vigor- Deacon Lui Peng Lui said millions ously, the one I was reviling taunted could not buy the joy of sins forgiven me, saying, 'Is it proper for a deacon which he had receiv~. in the Jesus Church to revile?' I retorted, 'Yes, it is to revile bad peo- Deacon Lui Wan Yun said God had ple.' " given him new life and new vision; it was life from the dead. All through the day the Lord sat in His temple refining, and men and Deacon Fan was all brimming over women, boys and girls had to get with joy and thankfulness for what right with God and man. One noted God had wrought in his life, in his quarrel was made up amid bitter tears. familv, and in the church these days. He W'as amazed at the way the Spirit revealed every hidden sin, and re- buked it.

Elder Chang said God had revealed not heal lightly, nor put stickingto him his weakness and hypocrisy, and made it so real that his only place plaslers on poisonous abscesses. The of safety was abiding in Christ. knife was the instrument I was prest Mr. Li, the scholar, who had prayed so strikingly on Sunday, said that the to use, but the joy of the Lord would blessing which had come to him w,as that he must drop all else and preach be their strength as soon as they the Gospel. (He is now teaching in a Government school and is a man of obeyed. It was only necessary to see unusual gifts). the happy faces and hear their hope- A young lad said: "The great good to me of these meetings is that I have ful, thankful testimonies at the meetbeen solemnly warned not to fall into the snare of the Devil, and commit the ing to be convinced that the joy of the awful sins I have heard confest these days." Lord had become the strength of His The way of repentance these days people. was the way of Gethsemane and the Cross. It was crucifixion and bitter The good results attained were tears. It was so painful on Friday that my wife, in pity, suggested I greatly helped forward by the service preach more on joy, but I said I dare of song, led by my wife. With the aid of the organ, she conducted these services for about half-an-hour be- fore I spoke. , Now, at the close of the meetings, the people are enthusiastic about call- ing a native pastor, and since we left have called one of myoid, tried evan- gelists to be their pastor. They guar- anteed all expenses and full support.

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION FROM AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT * BY REV. WILLIAM CLEMENT ISETT I lT)HERE is no doubt "The army of Xerxes that invaded ~ whatever that the Chi- Greece numbered 1,780,000; Ninus nese revolution is sig- and Semeramis had armies of 2,000,- 000 ; Darius met Alexander the nificant. A short time Great with perhaps 800,000 men. But what are such armies as these com- ago the editor of a pared with the millions the Chinese can pour into the bloody field be- prominent daily news- twixt the Pacific Ocean and the Ural Mountains when once the nation is paper said, "The na- thoroughly aroused?"

tions are waiting with bated breath This revolution will change not only the political situation in China, the outcome of the war in China." but also in the whole world.

Another wrote, "We rightfully be- It is not a movement which began recently. More than fifty years ago lieved our own American revolution the seeds were sown when a few Chinese scholars graduated from a salient episode in history. The Occidental colleges. These men stud:- ied the principles underlying free population of the entire United States government by the people, and, true in 1800 was 5,3°8,483. The popula- scholars that they were, they began applying these principles to their own tion of China to-day is more than government. As the number of stu- dents in western colleges increased, 430,000,ooo-that is to say, 86 times as many human beings are directly affected by what is going on in China.

The popUlation of London just a hundred years ago was 120,909, yet a thousand things that have occurred there since Roman days have inter- ested the world infinitely more than all that has happened to China's mil- lions.

* From The Missionary Messenger.

1912J CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT 93 I

the movement gathered momentum, ly people in the world. For is not until the axiom again proved true the test of scholarship the ability to that "Knowledge is power," and the successfully apply the knowledge im- power of knowledge is asserting it- parted by teacher to pupi1? The self as it has again and again in this American revolution was precipitated the most interesting of empires. For by excessive taxation; the French China appears to have been immobile revolution by the oppression of the only because her history covers so poor. But the Chinese official has many thousands of years. This revo- grown rich off the spoils of office lution is significant because of its no less than the Manchu; and Chi- magnitude rather than because of its nese and Manchu alike have plun- issues. Dynasties have begun and dered and opprest the poor. Neither ended in the world since history be- of these causes has been sufficient to gan, but the fall of the Manchu awaken the spirit of rebellion. The dynasty affects the world because cause is to be sought in the hearts one-third of the human race is con- of Chinese scholars.

cerned in the issue, and because with- Strange as it may seem, the de- in a comparatively short time that cisive blow against the Manchu dy- vast number of people have thrown nasty, which has been in power since their weight toward progress. I 644, was struck by the late Manchu The subject which I have chosen Ernperor, Kwang Hsu, a scholar of is, "The Significance of the Chinese the first rank. K wang Hsu was the Revolution from an Educational actual ruler of China less than six View-point." I have already hinted months, but during that time his at what this significance is. Educa- edicts rivaled in rapidity the famous tion has always been China's glory, messages of Ex-President Roosevelt, and the educational view-point is the and were far more significant in his- only true vantage ground from which tory-making importance than those to get a clear understanding of the which issued from the White House.

revolution. This emperor was a thorough scholar, The significance of the revolution and during the time of his minority does not lie in the magnificent train- had stored his mind with western ing of troops which a few years ago knowledge, including the principles used bows and arrows and sharp of the Christian religion. When he farm implements, even as some came into power he at once began did in the onslaught against Nan- introducing reforms in order to make king. It is not the skill with which his empire one of the sisterhood of Mauser rifles, Krupp guns, wireless nations. His first step was the es- telegraphy and aeroplanes have been tablishment of an Imperial Univer- used both in defense and offense that sity in Peking, in which modern makes this revolution noteworthy. Its science should supersede ancient significance does not lie either in the classics, and the abolishment of the recall of the man most hated by the time-worn essay on impractical Imperial Government and feared of themes.

all Chinese modernists, Yuan Shi Kai. Kwang Hsu paid. for this stride Its significance is in the fact that for through countless centuries of time- years Chinese young men have been old customs at first with his political studying in Occidental colleges the life, to be followed shortly by his principles which should underlie good assassination; but he has left as an government, and are now applying everlasting memorial the introduction those principles. Its significance lies of modern scholarship into the old- here: That it is an educational revo- est nation on earth. It was this en- lution, thought out by scholars, tering wedge which has split the old started by scholars, and carried to a empire into fragments. Before the great conclusion by the most scholar- short reign of Kwang Hsu, China

studied only the glories of the past. sible to place responsibility where it He only was a scholar who knew ac- belonged. For instance, if a robbery curately what China had been. What were committed no attention would she was then, or might become, had be paid to it by the authorities until no interest whalever. "Knowledge is pressure had been brought to bear by power," and with the introduction of the robbed. He would promptly be knowledge China learned her power. assured that the thieves had escaped She compared herself with other (which was literally true, but not Il",tions territorially, industrially, min- comforting), and that nothing could eralogically, agriculturally, and found be done (which was not true, and the comparison agreeable. There was therefore comforting). If sufficient but one point which brought chagrin: pressure could be brought to bear Modern history revealed her slavery. punishment would be meted out, but For hundreds of years she sat and no one supposed it was necessarily dreamed of the olden golden days, the real thief who was punished. No until she imagined those days were responsibility was imposed or as- running still their happy course. But sumed. A price had been offered to when Kwang Hsu waked her from some one to assume punishment to this dream she saw in him, and in his satisfy the demands of a fanatical clan, her conquerors and enslavers. sufferer who was so unreasonable (!) Like a giant she has risen in her as to demand redress for being im- wrath and smitten with deadly hatred posed upon, and if the price were big the hand that electrified her with enough some man could easily be strength. The pathos has its most fit- found who would be willing to even ting climax in the baby nephew of be put to death if necessary, tho he this great reformer being made to may never have heard of the person proclaim to all the world, "It was all who had been robbed, or know that my fault." Poor little babe! What a robbery had been committed. It is the fault with which you so pa- was a form of life insurance by thetically accused yourself? which one could provide for his fam- Let us turn now to some of the ily better by dying than by living.

practical results of this revolution of This was the old order, which is a nation's scholars. old not only because it was in vogue The immediate causes of the revo- many years ago, but also because it lution .are two: Hunger and Hatred is now superseded by a new. Last -Hatred of the dynasty which by its year one of the missionaries in the impious disregard of the people gov- station where I was staying was erned caused the hunger. But, again, struck by two ruffians while itinerat- I call your attention to the fact that ing in the country, beaten and left it was education which awakened the for dead by the roadside. Scarcely people to the knowledge of the cause had the deed been perpetrated when of their hunger. Graft and political men of the village gave aid to the intrigue made the great brilliant injured man, seized the assailants dynasty of the Manchu race odious and dragged them before the local in the e'es of the industrious millions magistrate. The Governor of the of Chi;a, and the retribution has province was notified at once. He come quickly and terribly. immediately ordered the would-be The first result of awakened scho- murderers -beaten and imprisoned, and lasticism was to reveal the power of called in person at the missionary the people, and the people once compound, placing an escort at the aroused the old order must inevitably disposal of the physician to accom- be at an end. It has taken many pany him to the village where the as- years to awaken this sense of respon- sault occurred, and convey the injured sibility on the part of the people. It man to the city. It must, in justice, has seemed to be practically impos- be said that there were circum-

I912] CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

stances which made this action on dared hope for a constitutional mon- the part of the chief magistrate poli- archy. Whence came the spirit of tic, but it is a straw showing the repUblicanism an10ng a people whose direction of the wind, and those who emperor rules by right of Heaven's know China best can not help being appointment? Less than a dozen years imprest by the fact that even the ago it was the business of the rulers Governor of a great province should, to rule-the ruled were too busy at- for the sake of policy even, take such tending to their own affairs to bother prompt action. In the revolution the with governmental affairs. Even the lives of foreigners were wonderfully Boxer uprising, bringing in its wake safeguarded by both imperial and the exorbitant indemnity tax, was of revolutionary troops. The cause? little concern to the people at large; Diplomacy. But where did the sense the tax being presumably just so of diplomacy awake in the minds of much more graft to fill the capacious soldiers who until recently have occu- sleeves of the local mandarin. It was pied an exceedingly low place in the business of the ruler to rule, as China's social scale, and have been it was the business of the farmer to noted more for their rioting and till the soil. We are even yet asking, brutality than for righteousness or Where was the idea of the republic bravery? The same captains who led born? For answer we must go back them to rob and pillage are now lead- in China's history 2,500 years. China's ing them in the path of order and great sage, the illustrious among obedience. Vhere did it come from? earth's great scholars, Confucius, From the new scholasticism, which gave birth to the Chinese RepUblic.

has raised the ignorant soldiery to the To the disciples of China's great rank of scholar. The system of scholar is to be given the honor of education set forth by China's forming the greatest repuhlic on earth scholars includes military and naval from the standpoint of territory and schools, a university in each prov- population. It could not belong to ince, colleges in every important city, the students trained here, for most high schools everywhere, and com- of China's foreign trained students mon, primary schools for both boys have received their education in Eng- and girls without number. Ade- land, Germany, and Japan, all of quate provision for the complete edu- which .are monarchies, not republics.

cation of more than 50,000,000 pupils Had it been due to the modern stu- have already been made. So thor- dent, the promised constitutional mon- oughly established is the scholastic archy would have been loyally up- spirit in China that it is a mighty held. It is not due to the army, for monument to education to be able to the best trained soldiers are Manchus.

point to the awakening of over 400,- And Chinese have never followed 000,000 people to a sense of national- the lead of the soldier because he. is ism of the most advanced type in the a soldier, as the French and Ger- space of a few years. What a foun- mans have done, but only because his dation, deep, solid and enduring, has cause may be right. The soldier must been laid in ages past! Upon that follow the will of the people. It is foundation is being built a super- not due to the .agitators, even those structure that is worthy of the foun- as eminent as Dr. Sun Yat Seu; for dation, but which can not be too they have appealed only that Manchus heavy for it to bear. may be driven out, and the Chinese Another great result of this scho- put in their places. They have plead lastic revolution appears in the kind only for a change of dynasty. Even of government demanded by this as illustrious a diplomat as Dr. Wu newly awakened people. The wildest Ting Fang said in a recent interview admirer of China's greatness did not that he was greatly surprized at the dream of a republic. He scarcely demand for a republic on the part of

the people, and it was not until he it into the head of this otherwise inwas offered the post of foreign af- telligent person to make such a refairs in the proposed republic that he could bring himself to believe it was mark, and in such a tone? What a reality. The whole world is· amazed possible effect could it have on one's at the turn affairs have taken. digestion to be one of a company of thirteen? It is too bad that the fact I was talking with a Chinese scholar that the day was Friday was not also last summer regarding the political mentioned. and religious situation in China. He was deploring the reign of the It is always an interesting psycho- Manchu dynasty, and lamenting the logical experiment, after such a resubjection of the Chinese race. Du- mark, to wait until the incident is ring the conversation he made this forgotten, and then to introduce the statement: "Confucius taught that subject of the opening of mines in every man, no matter how low in the China. A member of the company social scale, is responsible for the always accompanies one with the gen- eral question, "Do they really have good government of the country. The things to mine out there?" As if people are to see to it that those in all the minerals in the world had been authority are ruling righteously." In put under the sacred soil of the a word, Confucius taught the sov- United States, and "out there" were ereignty of the people, and to a somewhere in space not definitely degreater or less degree the people have fined, as, indeed, it seidom is in the always exercised this sovereignty. questioner's mind. It gives one the This same young man remarked fur- desired opportunity, however, to tell ther, when asked why there was not of the rich deposits of coal and iron, a revolt against the Manchus, that of gold, silver, and copper; enough because the soldiers did not know the not only to supply the needs of China, ancient classics they were willing to but of the whole world for many fight for whatever power paid them hundreds, perhaps thousands, of the most money. "But," said he, years, and to tell how superstition "the time is coming shortly when has kept the people poor when they they will know, and when they do might have been rich if these mines they will join with us scholars in had been opened. Upon this comes establishing our sovereignty, no mat- the question, "Why don't they open ter at what cost." The time of them?" And the reply, "Because it knowing has come, and China is put- would disturb the earth dragon, and ting into effect the teachings of her cause an earthquake"; while the greatest leader, as he is among the chorus responds, "Oh, how silly!" greatest leaders of the world. Isn't it? It makes one long for the time when the Chinese shall be "edu- A third result is the breaking down cated and civilized" up to the point of the walls of superstition. Cen- of knowing how very unlucky it is turies upon centuries of learning and to sit down with thirteen at dinner, study have not been able to eradicate or to see the new moon over one's superstition from the Anglo-Saxon race. I was at luncheon only a short left shoulder. time ago with a number of highly in- But education has revolutionized telligent men and wornen, when suddenly, in awe-stricken tones, one of the superstition which has hindered the company said, "Oh, there are thir- advance in the mining industry, and teen of us at table!" "Oh, well," said the revolution has created a demand another, "two of the children are tak- for the things which the Chinese ing one portion of food between them, earth contains. so it is the same as if there were only twelve." But what in the name It is impossible to separate religion of twentieth century scholasticism put and superstition in China, and when the progressive ideas were promul- gated by Kwang Hsu he ordered that

CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

a number of the temples should be order to do this he has been comcleared of their idols, and the build- pelled to find the very best that those ings converted into modern schools. writings and traditions contain, for The priests of China, who ought to their very best is still far below the be the leaders in purity and right message which he brings. This living, are the most immoral and searching for the best in Chinese despised class in the empire. Yet literature has called the attention of they have a wonderful power over the people. Again, we appeal to the his hearers to the foundation prinscholastic spirit of this great people ciples of their religion, which has to show that in so far as this revo- likewise been their government. Thus lution has touched religion, it has have Chinese classics been placed side been a purifying influence. by side with Christ's teachings con- cerning His kingdom of righteous- It is within the province of this ness, and the very comparison has paper to state the primary reason for awakened a desire on the part of this revolution. The daily papers and thousands of Chinese scholars to esperiodicals have, almost without ex- tablish more firmly the best principles ception, declared that it started by of Confucianism, which, as I have althe government demanding the con- ready pointed out, while clearly stattrol of the trunk line railroads, and ing the duty of the people to the govnegotiating foreign loans for that ernment, yet makes the voice of the purpose; while private companies de- people the deciding factor in governsired to keep the control completely mental affairs. in Chinese hands. The floods in the Yangtze Valley furnished famished And what shalI we say of the inrecruits by the thousands, demanding fluence of those who have come dibread at the hands of those in power rectly under Christian teaching in on both sides with such importunity mission schools, and have learned exthat precipitate action had to be taken perimentally of the freedom in Jesus regarding the foreign loan of $3°,- Christ? At present there are 3,136 such schools, with over 80,000 pupils. 000,000. Eighteen of these are of university This is what historians call the rank, with a thousand pupils; 130 theological and normal training- "immediate cause," but it is not the primary cause. That is to be found, schools, with 2,500 pupils; 438 boardas historians who are reliable author- ing-schools, with over 20,000 pupils; ity will point out in after years, in 2,538 elementary and primary schools, the influence of the foreign mission- with more than 55,000 pupils, etc. ary: The person least of all inter- Wherever Christianity has gone there ested in the form of earthly govern- has gone the spirit of liberty and ment under which he labors; working freedom, and China has more than under all kinds of government, from 500,000 who are openly and on record the Absolute Monarchy of the former as being in sympathy with Christian- Turkish Empire down to the "Might- ity, and studying its doctrines. I be- Makes-Right" government of the sav- lieve I am right in saying that the age African tribe. present struggle for freedom on the part of this mighty empire is due to Wherever he has gone the mission- the unconscious influence of the misary has taught and educated. Carry- sionary body, and to the wonderful "ing the highest principles of Divine power of God's Spirit working sonship and human brotherhood as through His Word to lift one-third his evangel, he has ever sought for points of contact and illustratIOns in of the human family in one mighty the writings and traditions of the movement to freedom and world-wide people among whom he works. In re~ponsibility.

MISSIONARY'S POINT OF VIEW'*

A FIELD PICTURE QF THE REAL MEANING 9F RETRENCHMENT HE missionary sat m The board recognized the justice of his plea for a helper, but not only mT deep thought. The look must refuse that, but did not see how on his face was sad his own work could be maintained beyond expression. In while he was on leave. Perhaps he his hand he held a could suggest a way, etc. letter which he had just been reading. Evidently it had brought him disquiet- So this was the outcome of his ing news. Many minutes he sat long years of self-sacrifice. Worn motionless. Suddenly he fell upon out, absolutely needing change of clihIs knees and began to pray: "0 God, Merciful Father in Heav- mate, he must leave his field without en, have pity upon my poor people! a leader, when the demands were Help me for their sakes to bear this greater than ever. The pleas from stroke. Teach me what to say to the out-stations had been so pitiful th~m. 0 God, spare them this that they had taken his last ounce of trouble. Open the way. Send Thy nerve force. He had dreamed of Spirit upon the homeland, that this reinforcement, and awakened to. regreat sorrow may not engulf us. How trenchment! The fateful word burned itself long, 0 Lord, how long?" iVhen he rose, the lines of care into his brain. Oh, if only the were deepened, and the buoyancy of church members at home could know manner was gone. He acted like an what that word meant to the misold man, stricken with palsy, yet he sionary on the field, surely they would was in middle age and fullness of his never allow it to be heard again! powers. He had come to the crisis in Had they ever practised retrench- ment? The last report said 64 cents his faith. Yes, after all these years of Chris- a year per member for foreign mis- sions-yet the field-work must be tian belief and life and service in crippled! His people must be left-. the mission field, he was now meeting his hardest spiritual test. The His people! That was the crus.hing confidence he had reposed in the thought. It was not merely that they church seemed slipping from beneath should be left without a shepherd; his feet. More than that, the confi- but how could he explain to them?

dence he had known as a servant of What could he say for the Baptists God-the reality of his own personal of America, living in the Christian faith-seemed shaken by this new land of liberty and light? How could he save the faith of his people experience. It was the critical hour. in Christianity, when Christians knew how millions of heathen were dying What had brought it upon him? without knowledge of a Savior, yet ~That was in the letter received that hour from the rooms of the Foreign Society in Boston that had stricken could not give 100 cents a year to him as swiftly and pitilessly as a send the Gospel to them? Again he sank on his knees: jungle fever or the plague? The letter was full of tenderness "Father, forgive them, they know and sympathy, of personal regard, of 110t what they do!"

brotherly kindness. The secretary had done everything in his power to They found him as he had fallen.

~often the stroke. But he was com- Providence spared him the humilia- pelled to say that the Baptists had tion of explanation. His death might not given enough to meet the budget, save his people's faith. For him it that the debt was now very heavy, was not retrenchment, but enlarge- and that retrenchment was inevitable. ment!

* From Missions.

EDITORIALS

SOME DEFICIENCIES IN MODERN 3. The mistake of consulting per- MISSIONARY WORK sonal afiinities-culture, elegant and T HE work of making Christ refined tastes, enjoyment. This is known and worshiped is the greatest work in the world and the the spirit of caste which is the enemy greatest men are engaged in it. But there are some tendencies that need of all true religion. The keynote to be watched and corrected. Among these we note: of all missions is self-forgetfulness- I. The mistake of concentration self-oblivion. instead of wide diffusion. 4. The mistake of undue depend- The error of Babel-aiming to build up gigantic centers of civiliza- ence upon organization-machinery. tion to avoid being scattered and lost sight of. This error has been re- The pnly power to convert is that peated all through history. It has resulted in a great civilization but a of the Spirit of God and the Spirit comparatively limited range and scope. Christ's method is diffusion. works in answer to prayer. The The early church remained in Jeru- subtle and acute Hindus are not salem till driven out by persecution. brought to. Christ by logical argu- Worldly enterprise would concentrate and converge rays into one burning ment or felicitous illustration. A focal point. Christ would scatter and diffuse-make the light less in- young man in the Christian School tense at one point if need be, that it may be spread more widely and the of India who took the prize in darkness be less intense. Christian evidences, confest himself 2. The mistake of selecting special fields, instead of regarding the world unmoved by his studies. as the field. Man's selection is often guided by selfishness or at least The success of missionary work short-sightedness. Fields attract by their climate, intelligence of the peo- has been always in proportion to the ple, comparative civilization, receptivity for the Gospel. God's rule is di- self-sacrifice involved, the dependence rectly the reverse. As Mary Lyon said to her pupils, "Choose work on the Spirit of God, the earnest and that no one else will undertake." If we look for the highest heroism in united supplication of the people of the mission fields we find it in the most unpromising and unfertile fields. God, and the place given to the liv- Allen Gardiner at Terra Del Fuego, W. A. B. Johnson at Sierra Leone, ing and the written Word of God. Coleridge Patteson in Melanesia, John Williams on Tahita, Mackay in Organization, energy, planning, and Uganda. tact are necessary but they are of The fields God has most blest are often the very fields man would secondary importance. A. T. P. have passed by: Madagascar, Korea, Hawaiian Islands, Zululand. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW A Backward Look Over Thirty-Five Years THE type of the missionary maga- zines has changed greatly in the past thirty-five years.

Then men and women who knew how to write well and who at the same time were familiar with mis- sionary principles and work were few in number; now they are a host.

Then the literature of missions was meager and had to be created; now it is practically impossible to keep pace with the output of missionary books.

Then the style of articles printed concerning missions savored of the sermon, the personal letter or an ap- peal; now a literary quality is de- manded, with a strength of purpose and a reliability in facts, that give

missionary papers a value of their TORS to change somewhat the characown apart from their worthy sub- ter of the REVIEW during the coming ject and aim. year-making it somewhat more pop- ular in style and contents, and leav- Then few missionary books and ing the scientific and heavier topics periodicals were illustrated and those and discussions to such quarterlies that used pictures were content with as The East and the West and The few cuts and poorly executed pro- International Review of Missions. ductions; now art and photography This does not mean in any sense a have given us a wealth of diagrams change of viewpoint or a departure and half-tones that make pages at- from the basic principles for which tractive to the eye and bring the we have stood, but rather a presenworld to view. tation of facts and theories in a more popular form-suited to general read- Then Missionary interest was ers, to pastors and intelligent laymen chiefly local and denominational-it and women who seek information was difficult to lead men and women and inspiration for themselves and away from provincialism; today in- that they may pass it on to others. terest is increasingly world-wide and non-sectarian. A FORWARD LOOK Then "Missions" referred almost During the coming year the dewholly to simple preaching; to-day partments of the REVIEW will remain the word includes education, industry, the same. medical work, literature and a host of other branches. The Signs of the Times will dis- cuss briefly the noteworthy move- Then mIssIOnary literature was ments, at home and abroad, that inused chiefly for propaganda-to raise dicate the tendencies and progress of money-and papers and leaflets were the Kingdom of God. given away freely; to-day these publications in book and magazine form The Leading Articles will consist bring prices as high as that paid of strong, stimulating papers on the for other literature and they are spiritual Biblical basis, methods, and worth it. People readily P'joY for the power for missions; the great instruction and entertainment they re- achievements, the heroes and heroines ceive through the modem type of of missions; the life-stories of native missionary books and magazines. Christians; various aspects of non- Christian religions as contrasted with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Christianity; brief articles from na- WORLD has just completed thirty-five tive converts themselves; letters from travelers; papers on various years of life. It inaugurated a new forms of Home Missions-frontiers, kind of missionary monthly-inde- negroes, Indians, foreigners, eskimos, pendent, outspoken, practical, with etc.; the achievements and methods world-wide interests, and a literary of local churches and other orgaquality. It has brought to light many nizations in behalf of missions. a worthy cause and noble but unknown worker; it has stood for the The Selected Articles from other spiritual ideals and principles taught magazines and books will keep our in the Bible and has advocated the readers informed of what others are closer cooperation of the Missionary saying and will give a wide range Boards and a more careful study of of acquaintance with many of our conditions and methods. For years best missionary periodicals. there was no other missionary period- ical that discust the science of mis- The Editorials will discuss the cursions on any broad basis. To-day rent thought of the day, the printhere are several monthly and quar- ciples of missionary endeavor, and terly reviews that are devoted to the the standpoint and policy of the REmore scholarly study of the subject. VIEW on various matters. It seems therefore wise to the EDI- The Missionary News will be gath- mosa; Shinto. Politics and Misered most carefully, month by month, sions. will be digested and served up in the most palatable form-condensed, October. Moslem Lands; Turkey, spicy and reliable. Persia, Arabia, etc.; Mohammedan- ism. Greek Catholicism and Greek Books for the Missionary Library Lands: Russia, Greece, etc. Coopwill be reviewed by those who know eration and Unity. missions and know books. The aim will be to keep readers informed of November. South America; Fronwhat is most worth reading and cir- tier Missions in North America. culating in recent volumes that relate Mormonism. Prayer and Missions. to home and foreign missions, non- Christian religions and mission lands. December. The Jews and Jewish Communities; Missionary Literature. The best of writers on this vast Principles and Ideals of Missions. range of ubjects will contribute to The Progress of Missions. make the REvIEW unequalled as a missionary periodical. Photographs, ST. PAUL'S MISSIONARY cartoons, diagrams and other types of graphic art will be extensively used PRINCIPLES, III .to make the REVIEW attractive and impressive. The Law of Accommodation. "I am made all things to all men, that A PROGRAM OF TOPICS by all means I might have some." Paul identified himself with every A general program of topics will class of men whom he met and sought be followed for the year-with a to save. Christian character is someview to covering the whole world in times rigid and frigid in its inflextwelve months. The orcter will be ibility. We know very HttIe about as follows: bending and stooping. We have our inborn, inbred peculiarities; we call January. The World View. The them characteristics because they seem Home Church. Unoccupied Field!;. inseparable from character. Our The Missionary Message. high intellectuality lifts us above ig- norance, our refined taste above February. The Chinese Republic. coarseness, our wealthy associations Chinese Religions. Orientals in above the environments of poverty. America. The Native Church. We are prone to consult our affinities. And so society separates into little March. Mexico, Central America groups of those who are like-minded. and the Vvest Indies. Citv Missions. !3elf-Iove degenerates into selfishness; Foreigners in America. The Social we become comparatively isolated, and Problems of the Gospel. do not touch the great mass of -humanity sympathetically, savingly. April. India, Burma and Ceylon. Hinduism and other Religions of The Apostle Paul had everything to India. Educational Missions. tempt him to a similar isolation and separation. He was a man of royal May. Central Asia. Siam, Laos, mind, enriched with imperial culture. Malaysia. Buddhism. Mountaineers He had refined sensibilities and he in the Southland. ".'as delicately organized. All his emo- tional and affectionate nature was built June. Africa and Madagascar. on the most exquisite pattern. He had The Negro in America. Fetishism. the strength of manly courage and Industrial Missions. fortitude, with the tenderness of womanly sympathy and sensibility. July. Arctic Lands. The Ameri- He was aggressively active, yet his can Indian. The Islands of the Sea. energy and activity were qualified by Australasia. the passive virtues.

August. Papal .and Protestant Such a man was one most likely to Europe. Roman Catholicism. Missionary Conventions and Missionary Reinforcements.

September. Japan, Korea and Forretire into the comparative exclusion Lord all else was consumed. The and seclusion of a few cultured lust of gain, of applause, of pleasure, friends. He might have been at the of office, of power, of achievement, head of an academy, or a court, or all burned as to ashes in those inward an army, but he would have been nat- fires that left only the image of his urally the center of a small circle of Redeemer to survive and glow the intimate associates. more brightly. Of this self-abnega- tion there is no expression more sub- But Paul had beneath his life a lime than that in the epistle to the principle of accommodation. He saw Colossians (I. 24), "Who now rejoice all men in a lost condition, and so ter- in my sufferings for you, and fill up rible was spiritual alienation from that which is behind of the afflictions God that in those measureless depths all comparative differences were lost, of Christ in my flesh for his body's as in the star-sown depths of illimit- sake, which is the church." able space. He forgot his intellectual gifts and graces, his fine sensibilities To be crucified with Christ was a and. selfish affinities in one burning reality to such a man. It meant a desire to save men. To the Jew he cross and a death to self in order to was a Jew, that he might gain the save others. Christ's death saved Jews; to those who were under the no human soul. It only made salvalaw or without law, he was himself tion possible. The word of God is in the same condition, that he might but the declaration of the terms of save them. He sacrificed no princi- salvation. The Holy Spirit must take ple, he denied no truth, he compro- of the truth and blood and apply them mised no eternal verities, but he got to the soul. But how does the apdown to every other man's level and plication come? By human agency. jrom his point of view looked at life The believer is a witness and a herand duty, law and penalty, sin and sal- aId; he tells the story of redeeming vation. love, and he adds his own expeJ:ience to attest the word. The Holy Spirit 4. Seeking the Profit of Many uses that believing testimony to con- vince the reason, persuade the heart, Paul was moved by the Principle and move the will. It may be reverof self-abnegation. "Not seeking mine ently said that the blood of Jesus plus own profit, but the profit of many that the witness of the word, plus the they may be saved." Mark, not even work of the Holy Spirit, plus the his own profit. There are manl who believer, save sinners, for, each in its get where they forego pleasure for own place, all together are used by other's profit, but Paul surrendered God to accomplish the salvation of the even his own profit. He simply lost lost. God might have saved men imsight of himself in his passion for mediately. He chose to do it medisouls. ately. Hence Paul needed to fill up what was behind of the sufferings of Only in the light of this marvelous enthusiasm for God can we interpret Chril't in his own flesh for his body's Paul's self-limitation. HI determined sake. He was ever ready to suffer not to know anything among you with Christ and bear in his body the save Jesus Christ and him crucified." marks, stigmata, of the Lord Jesus. Wisdom of words he could forego lest the cross of Christ be made of Paul's success in evangelism is no none effect. Literary ambition bec- mystery; it is all an open secret. Give koned him on to receive its shining us one man, moved by stlch principles crown, but he forgot all else in that of evangelization, obligation, accomabsorbing passion. He could say with modation, abnegation, and again the Count von Zinzendorf, "lch hab' eine history of humanity shall show a man Passion, und die ist Br, nur Br." (I who in one generation will compass have one passion; it is He, only He.) the known world with the network of his personal labor and make a con- In this flame of devotion to his tinent echo with his testimony I

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA ic~l .administration when they keep wlthm IS per cent. Does it cost so IForeign Students in American Colleges much for mission administration? T is stated that among the regular How much of our money really students at American Colleges and reaches India, Egypt and the Sudan?

universities during the year 19II-12 ':The records of the foreign board, which are published and distributed there were 4,856 from foreign lands. widely throughout the, country show that of every dollar paid into the Mexico sent 294 and the West Indies board treasury, one-half of a cent goes to pay the interest on money 6gB. The Far East sent many, borrowed because of irregularity in the Church's gifts. Eight-tenths of namely, China, 549; Japan, 415; a cent is expended on literature and missionary advertising which bring in Korea, 2 I, and the Philippine I2s3lanpdes~ other gifts. Two and eight-tenths 123, furnishing thus almost cents go to expenses of administra- tion. Of every dollar, 95 9-IO cents cent. of all the foreign students. The go directly to the work. Not 50 importance of making these future cents to get 50 cents there; not i5 leaders of their people acquainted cents to get 25 cents to the field; not $JOo to get $5 into those dark lands. with the Gospel, that they may re- No! It takes less than five cents to get $1.00 to the field." turn well equipped to do something TA Banner Year for Presbyterians worth while for their people, is ap- HE fiscal year of the Presbyter- ian Board of Foreign Missions parent. (North) closed March 31. It was a banner year. The income reached Medical Missionary Conference Meeting the unprecedented total of $2,- THE fifth annual meeting of the Medical Missionary Conference 046,793. This puts the Board in will be held at the Sanitarium, Battle the lead as having the largest income Creek, Michigan, beginning Decem- of any foreign mission board of the ber 31, and holding over January 3. world. For the first time in its his- These conferences have for their tory, it has passed the figures of the chief object the encouragement of the Church Missionary Society of Engmedical branch of missionary work. land. One notable feature of the A very cordial invitation is extended year's giving were the offerings of to all Christian missionaries to at- $596,000 from the women of the tend this conference, all members are church, aside from the gifts of the to be entertained free for one week congregation. The Sunday-schools by the institution. Inquiries may be gave $76,000 for foreign missions. addrest to The Medical Missionary, The Board began its work in 1837. Battle Creek, Mich. The receipts for the first year were $44,548. The Coat of Missionary Admini.tration Each year the officers and members SAYS the Missionary Board of the of the Board devote several days in United Presbyterian Church: June to a conference with the newly "Such statements as these are com- appointed missionaries. The Board monly repeated: 'It costs a dollar to get a dollar to the heathen,' and 'It costs three dollars to get a dollar to the heathen.' The story is told of a man who, having given $5.05 to missions, was asked why he gave such a peculiar amount. 'The five cents is for the heathen, and the five dollars is to get it there,' he said. Business men say it is very econom-

is this year sending 106 new mission- was opened forty years ago, and its aries to the front. Of these China re- influence has been felt all over the ceives a larger number than any other Christian world. field. Twenty-four recruits are going to the 6 missionary districts into The Gospel in Porto Rico which the Presbyterian work in the republic is divided; 7 have been FIFTEEN American missionary so- detailed for service in Africa and 14 cieties have work in Porto Rico. for the 2 missions in India. The They report 167 missionaries, 120 others are divided in small companies church organizations and 9,6g2 com- . among the missions in Japan, Korea, municants. The Methodists report Guatemala, Mexico, Persia, the Philip- the largest membership, 2,524; while pines, Laos and Siam. A number of the Presbyterians are second with those under appointment have not yet 2,415 members. been assigned to any definite field. A New Tribe of Eskimos American Slavery in 1852 and 1912 BISHOP HOLMES of Athabasca T HE Record of Christian Work tens in the March issue of the C. calls attention to the fact that, Jl. S. Gleaner of the recent discovery while the present year is the fiftieth by Mr. Stefansson, a Norwegian an- anniversary of the issue of "Uncle thropologist, of a new tribe of Eski- Tom's Cabin," white slavery is amaz- mos, one thousand strong, in the re- ingly strong in the United States. gion of Copper Mine River, north of Miss Jane Addams has stated in M c- Great Bear Lake (on the Arctic Clure's Jlagazine that little girls of Circle), and another tribe of about incredible youth have been saved from the same number in Victoria Land, white slavers in Chicago. She said, an island of the Arctic Sea. Of the latter it is stated that they still live "Quite recently I visited a home for by their bows and arrows, that stone girls against each of whom stood a implements are still in use, and that grave charge involving the loss of they had not previously seen the face chastity. Upon each of the little white of a white man. beds, or on the chair standing beside them, was a doll belonging to a delit>- Christian Activity of the Volunteers quent owner still young enough to love and cherish this toy of child- T HE Volunteers of America, with hood." General and Mrs. Ballington Booth as leaders, have decided, Is it not time that American Chris- through their Grand Field Council, tians arise and destroy the terrible just held in Cleveland, to appoint coalition of the brewing interests and advisory boards of not fewer than the politicians which is intimately re- five leading citizens of each city in lated to the white slave traffic in Chi- which Volunteers have considerable cago, and probably everywhere else? philanthropic work. The Council also named a board of five mem- Water Street Mission, New York bers of Volunteer organizations to supervise Sunday-school work, which T HE trustees of the old McAuley is growing among Volunteers. Al- Water Street Mission are erect- most 35,000 families were helped ing a new building, and all that IS last year in the poor sections of large needed to finish it free of debt is $25,- cities, and 640,944 persons were fed 000, five thousand of which has been with substantial meals. Homes of subscribed on condition that the bal- Mercy cared for 5,000 women, and alance is raised. The work is not one most 40,000 lodgings were given in that aims simply at the reformation the year. In the medical dispensaries of men, but it aims at their regener- 14,000 new cases were treated, and ation, and it has been the instrument 17,767 old ones cared for, or almost in God's hands for the rescue of thou- 32,000 cases in all. Nearly 1,000,000 sands of drunkards and criminals. It

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

persons attended the indoor Sunday mission for about two months. Thea- and week night meetings, and 2,700,- tres, halls, and churches have been 000 the outdoor meetings. The crowded with people anxious to hear, Prisoners' League, the special work of and the Spirit of the Lord has been Mrs. Booth, has now 72,000 members, working mightily, so that many hun- and of discharged prisoners going dreds have profest conversion. The under Volunteers' care, 79 per cent. work has culminated in the purchase are living reformed lives. By corre- of a Greek church and its transforma- spondence and service the Volunteers tion into a house of prayer, a house are in touch with 80,000 men who are for the Gospel. The friends had been to-day behind prison bars. praying that God would give them a EUROPE place to hold the meetings and reach the multitudes. When they learned Roman Catholic Missionary Education that this fine, large, well-built wooden GERMAN Roman Catholics have church, formerly used by the military, entered upon a campaign of mis- was for sale, Mr. Fetler at once sought to secure it, and, tho others were eager sionary education among their people. to purchase it, he succeeded in getting A year ago a scientific missionary it for £3,800, including the fine piece of land on which it stands and another magazine, Zeitschrift jiir Missiolls- plot adjoining-payment of £1,000 wissenschaft, was founded. Its edi- to be made on purchase, the remainder tor, Professor Schmidlin, is the first in instalments spread over five years. Roman Catholic professor of missions So great was the enthusiasm of the in the University ef Munster. An council and friends that at the first illustrated and well-edited family meeting to consider it they gave and magazine, Die Katholischen Missio- promised £ 700. The property is now nen, was also founded in imitation of theirs." Dr. Julius Richter's Die Evangelischen Missionen. This winter, courses of lectures on missions have been an- A Church Without a Mission nounced for the students of the Uni- O versities of Munich, Strasburg, and UR attention has been drawn to the Reformed Church in Hun- Breslau by Roman Catholic teachers. gary, particularly by the reports of delegates to it from the Presbyterian From September 1st to 3d the first Church in Ireland and the United Missionary Conference (Ferienkurs Free Church of Scotland, which have fur Missionare) was held in Lowen, been published in the denominational at the suggestion of Father Wilhelm papers. Schmidt, of Steyl, the founder of the The church has a history mostly publication Anthropos. It was attended by about 40 delegates from . written in blood and tears, because its missionary societies, universities, and dwelling-place is upon the plains of the Danube, which were the battleother institutions, and a local com- field between Moslem and QIristian mittee in Lowen, with Cardinal Mer- for centuries, and it has suffered hardcier as chairman, and an international ship and persecution from Roman committee, were organized as a kind Catholicism for many years, openly of "continuation committee." Thus, until religious toleration was declared the Roman Catholic Church in Ger- a hundred years ago, and more or less many has begun to interest itself in secretly since that time. It counts missionary education as a help to increased interest in missionary work.

,p Success After Long Waiting almost three millions of souls, and RINCIPAL McCAIG writes to has more than 2,000 ordained men in the London Christian: "Pastor its ministry. Many of its lay mem- Fetler, through the blessing of God, bers occupy positions of great influis touching the heart wonderfully in ence in Hungary, and the church Riga, where he has been holding a buildings are imposing in appearance

and built for large congregations. Its arise between missions and governfive theological seminaries are well ments; (2) the appointment of a filled with students for the ministry. Christian journalist, as an agent to While its worship is marked by the supply the secular press with news most extreme simplicity, the congre- from all the societies; (3) a plan for gational singing, carried on without cooperation in producing and circuchoirs, is hearty and voluminous, since lating missionary literature; (4) a men as well as women take part in it. scheme for a wide policy of medical But there is no public reading of the and general education in China; (5) Scriptures. Sabbath-schools are few, a proposal for raising the woman tho the children attend the regular missionary to the full status in counservices, and the attitude of the cil of her male comrade; (6) the Church and her ministry toward the home base, and how to make it rise observance of the Lord's day is, to to the challenge of the situation. A say the least, quite "continentaL" number of interesting and valuable reports were given from sub-com- And this church, old, large, influen- mittees appointed at the York Contial, has no missionary work at the ference last year, and special attenpresent time! Within her boundaries tion was directed to the problem and live Slovaks, Rumanians, Ruthens, opportunity of China at the present Jews, and Gypsies, whose languages juncture. are easily acquired by her members, who are highly gifted linguists! Her TThe S. P. G. Summer School a.t York geographical situation is such that HE sixth annual summer school Islam offers a continuous challenge to meeting of the S. P. G., held at her ! Yet, no active missionary effort! York, June 29th to July 6th, was pre- sided over by the Archbishop of Recently, a lady, a member of the York. The main features in the Reformed Church of Hungary, has scheme of the school were the daily gone to Africa. God grant that this early Eucharist, Bible-study by Canon prove the first step toward missionary E. A. Stuart, and Intercessions, lecactivity worthy of a church with such tures by many eminent and able men, glorious past and such encouraging and evening conferences. present. Socialistic Sunday-schools EUROPE-CREAT BRITAIN W RITING on the spread of "So- A Notahle Missionary Conference cialistic Sunday-schools," Rev. J. E. Linnell, of Pavenham, says: DURING three days in June a It is stated that" some 13,000 or 14,000 conference of more than ordinary children have already been induced significance was held at Swanwick, to join these; and the movement is Derbyshire, the conference head- ever strengthening itself. These facts quarters of the Student Christian are too horrible to be believed. They Movement. A direct outcome of are true, nevertheless; and any who "Edinburgh, 1910," this gathering will take the trouble to inquire into was I;epresentative of all the denomi- such matters will find that these nations, the secretaries and officials schools, with their blasphemous teachof over 40 different societies meeting ing, their awful catechisms, etc., are, for free discussion and mutual coun- as one may say, "in full swing" all sel. The note of the gathering was over the country. What the fruit unity and cooperation, and the pro- from such seed will be one can not ceedings throughout were marked by imagine without a shudder. Appeals a deeply spiritual atmosphere. Among for help to counteract the evil tenthe subjects and plans discust were dencies of the times are constantly the following: (I) The formation of being received by members of the a body, composed of missionary work- churches.-London Christian. ers and "experienced public persons," to conduct any business that may

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Christiana in the Turkish Army BiMea Called For in Arabia AN important event took place when, at the beginning of the T HE American Bible Society, with Italo-Turkish war, the Sultan decided the cooperation of the Arabian to call to the colors all non-Moham- Mission of the Reformed Church, dis- medans, both Christians and Jews. tributed 4,550 copies of the Scriptures At one time Christian children were in southeastern Arabia last year. The seized and incorporated in the ranks war between Italy and Turkey and of the J anissaries, but they were conthe disturbances in Persia have pois- verted to Islam at the same time. oned the minds of the Arabs, awak- To-day the Christians are incorpoened a spirit of Pan-Islamism and rated in the Turkish army, but they thus stirred up pronounced opposi- preserve their religion. To-day all, tion to Christian missionary effort. Turks, Jews, Christians, are Otto- man subjects, sons of the fatherland, In spite of these difficulties, how- and called upon to defend it. The ever, great progress has been made Christian communities are no longer by evangelistic and medical tours in insignificant minorities, weakly dethe interior of the country, especially fended by their patriarchs, but vital in the mountains of Oman, where parts of the organism. there are 1,000,000 people. The Khutbas, short sermons prepared in Mos- If this association of Moslem and lem style especially for Mohamme- non-Moslem soldiers develops without dans, are much desired from the col- incident, the brotherliness of the peoporteurs, tho the old suspicion against ples in the Turkish Empire will have any Moslem seen conversing with a taken a great step forward. • Bible colporteur still continues among German Aid Society for Christian these Arabs. Charity in the East A Syrian Pre.bytery AT the time of the great massacres DR. IRA HARRIS, of Tripoli, of Armenian Christians by the writes of the meeting of Pres- fanatical followers of the false probytery in Tripoli: There are thirteen phet, in 1896, German Christians churches, including Tripoli and Horns, founded the German Aid Society for their combined membership being Christian Ch,uity in the East. They 539, with 1,219 church attendants decided to send out two laborers, one, and 1,317 Sabbath-school members. a physician, to care for the sick, and For all purposes the income of these the other, a minister, to care for the churches was $114,856. There were numerous orphans and to ocCUpy 42 additions last year. Dr. Harris Kharput, where American missionarsays that a year ago pastors and ies had been laboring since 1855. people were very enthusiastic and When the new missionaries reached took as their "battle-cry" the stirring Constantinople, the German Consulwords: "A soul for every member General pointed out to them the great of the church." But the churches difficulties and discouragements did not double in their membership. awaiting them, but he was not able Only 42 were received. They felt to shake their faith in the ability of deprest over the outcome this year. God to overcome aiL obstacles. They He says: "One reason for the failure went, in February 1897, to Kharput, is emigration. Out of the 539 mem- where they took care of the poor and bers, 399 are reported as being at the sick, then they rented two houses present in the United States and in New Kharpoot (or Mesereh) and South America. They comprize the commenced the work among the orleading members of the church. Usu- phans. Soon they had gathered 200 ally they are the men. Women and of them, when the Turkish Governor girls remain at home. It is the men peremptorily demanded that the chiIand boys who emigrate, to make money for the family."

dren be sent away. The Lord aided, ceive higher education, the fault is and the work was allowed to go on, not with the mission schools and coltho under tremendous difficulties. leges, which offer every inducement. Again and again the Turkish officials The missionaries would gladly see threatened to close the work, and many times the present number of sometimes the missionaries considered girls in their colleges and training if it would not be wise to transfer the schools. The Isabella Thoburn norwork to the American missionaries, mal school, Lucknow, offers each year who were less disturbed than they. ten government stipends for girls who But the Germans persevered, trusting have passed the matriculation examin God, and now, after 15 years ination. Eight of these stipends furnish Rs. 20 per mensem, and two of work, they have 5 prosperous furnish Rs. 30 per mensem for girls who have some experience in teachstations in Armenia. In Mesereh 500 ing. This year only four students orphans are looked after, while its have applied for these stipends, all schools accommodate more than 1,000 of whom are from the Isabella Thopupils. The 42 German missionaries burn high school. Last year only six and 72 native teachers care for 1,800 of the ten stipends were used, and the orphans in the 5 stations, while teach- year .before only seven of the ten. ers, male and female, in 32 villages The demand for graduates of this are in close touch with the work. A norma·l school to fill positions as large, fine hospital has been built in teachers in schools in all parts of the Marash, while the influence for good United Provinces grows greater year of the work is apparent every where. by year, but the number of candidates The income of the society was $132,- that we have to offer for such posts is smaller each year." 332 in 1911. Christian Ascetics in India INDIA I N The East and the West, Mr. K. Laymen's Conference Proposed for India T. Paul makes a powerful plea for the evangelization of India by AT the request of several laymen the means of an order of celibate who have been attending the Pal- wandering friars. He describes the lavaram Camps of the Y. M. C. A. pioneers of the method who are now of Madras, a general meeting of the at work, and shows that the Order Indian Christian Laymen was con- of the Imitation of Jesus has been vened some months ago, to consider established with the view of developthe feasibility of holding a laymen's ing the work. Two westernersconference, at a secluded outside sta- Brothers Stokes and Western-are tion, to meet the special needs of the now living the life of "celibate wanemployed men with a view to pro- dering friars." Brother We~tern atmote Christian fellowship and unity, tended the Edinburgh World Misto deepen their spiritual life, and to sionary Conference and made a fine create indigenous missionary enter- impression on account of his manifest prise. A committee is now work- sincerity of purpose. Brother Stokes ing out the details of the arrange- has become betrothed to a Hindu ments for the conference. Christian girl, in order that he may be brought into still closer touch with Women Care Nothing for Education the people. He thinks that this mar- riage will be a breach of the "letter" MISS ROBINSON, principal of of his vow of celibacy, but it will the IsabeHa Thoburn College, be a keeping of the "spirit" of his Lucknow, in a letter to the Indian pledge, because it will further the Christian Messenger,. shows what purpose for which he took the vow difficulties confront those who would and bring him closer to the natives. promote the higher education of the women of India. In this case poverty of money is not a chief cause, for money is lying unused. Says Miss Robinson: "If few Indian girls re-

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After his marriage Brother Stokes the exception of the boarding-schools, can scarcely claim to be a "celibate" training schools, high schools, colstill. While we have no doubt that leges and the Itinerancy, is placed unthese devoted men are doing much der this council.-C. M. S. Gleaner. good, we believe that the Church consists of men, women and children Once Moslem, Now Christian who live in families and need the Christian pastor, who is the head of F MASIH, formerly a fanatical a well-ordered household and lives a • Moslem, but now a missionary to simple, pure, and godly life. his people at Amristar (in the Pan- jab), has recently organized joint Converted Through Reading the Bible readings in. the Koran and the Bible, before assemblages of Mohammedans, AN Indian clerk in a Madras rail- allowing his hearers to decide on the way office overheard the remark respective merits of the two books. that the English Bible was the best The reading has latterly been by book from which to learn English. topics, which method has clearly re- He procured a copy from a friend, vealed the intrinsic poverty of the giving in exchange a volume of Re- Koran from a religious point of view. nan, and set himself to study it, in order to improve his knowledge of Indian Tongues in Roman Character English. Soon, however, the Book gript his attention, and he read it T HE proposal to supersede, for through once, twice, thrice. At length, practical purposes, the complex convinced that Christianity was the characters of the languages of India, true faith, and that Christ was able by the introduction of phonetic writto save him from his sins, he went ing based on the Roman alphabet, is to the missionary who relates the receiving increased attention, as its story, and after a long conversation importance becomes more widely realsatisfied him that his knowledge was ized. That such a measure would clear and experience definite. In the greatly help the spread of education end he joined the church, won "to is beyond question, while the advantwalk after the Lord" through the age of some adjustable system when reading of the Scriptures. applied to forms of speech which have not hitherto been reduced to writing Self-government and Self-extension is equally obvious. In the July issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic I N no part of the mission field in Society the subject is discust at India has the native church reached length by Mr. R. Grant Brown, of such a high development as in South the Indian Civil Service, who goes so India, and nowhere else do mission far as to urge that, whatever his organizations affect such large and qualifications, the probationer who deinfluential communities. The nine- sires to understand and be understood teenth report of the work of the dis- in any Indian tongue should, in the trict church council of the Society in first place, receive a thorough train- Tinnevelly reveals steady progress. ing in the science of phonetics. While The society's grant was Rs 26,000; in commending for some purposes the 1910 it had been reduced to Rs 193, Imperial Script advocated by Rev. and ceases this financial year. The Joshua Knowles, Mr. Brown emphapeople's "sangam" (assembly) offer- sizes the value of the system of the ings in the same period increased from International Phonetic Associa;tion, Rs 12,073 to Rs 31,497. The council formulated 25 years ago. is responsible for the oversight of work affecting 65,000 Christians min- Indian Home Mission to the Santals istered to by 46 Tamil clergymen and 800 catechists and teachers. The W HEN Lars Skrefsrud, one of entire work of the mission, with the two founders of the Indian Home Mission to the Santals, died on December II, 19IO (~ee MISSION-

ARY REVIEW, 1911, April, p. 318), it that Rev. E. W. Thwing, an Amer- seemed to some as if the work, com- ican, has been appointed advisor to menced and carried so vigorously and the government in the work of opium faithfufly by him and his helpers, prohibition. Mr. Thwing ~is the would be at least considerably weak- secretary of the International Reform ened. The forty-fourth annual re- Bureau and has been working with port for the 18 months 19IO- the Chinese for 25 years. During 1911, which has just reached us, the last three years he has been giving shows clearly that this has not hap- his whole time to the fight against pened. Skrefsrud was sick for many the opium trade, has founded the months before his death and during National Anti-Opium Society in Pe- those anxious months the steps neces- king, and has taken part in "pipe sary for the securing of the undis- burnings."

turbed continuation of the Mission Shanghai Union Language School were taken. Rev. P. O. Bodding, L Dumka, Santal Parganas, Bengal,. AST February an institution that has been long talked about but was formally appointed his successor, new trustees were appointed, and rules has not before been started was and statutes to be followed in the fu- opened in Shanghai. It was a Union ture conduct of the work were framed. Language School for missionaries. The central management was left in While this school had no formal authe Mission field, but the supporters thorization from the various missions, in Norway, Denmark, and the United the plan had the approval and co- States effectively control through operation of representatives of. the their right to sanction the budget pro- different missions. There was a posals and their duty to select the faculty of fifteen in addition to lec- turers. The response was even more workers to be sent out. The regular Mission work, evange- hearty than was expected for appliistic and pastoral, has been carried 011 cations for registration were received very much as usual in 1911. In the from 130 Mandarian students. Eighty missionaries who had been Santal Parganas district, the old field, driven to take refuge in Shanghai the progress has been very slow, while attended the school. The tuition fee, in the Assam Colony and in Maldah fixt at $5.00, provided for all the and Dinajpur comparatively many expenses of the school as the faculty heathen have been gathered in. A asked for no remuneration. The suctraining institution for Christian cess of the undertaking indicates a workers among the Santals, sorely needed all these years, is now being strong need for a permanent union planned and it is hoped to have the language school.

school at work in 1913 or 1914. The Canton Christian College missionary force consisted of I I T HE latest news from the Canton white and 266 Indian laborers, among Christian College shows that the the latter being 6 native pastors and 3 native doctors. new year has opened with 340 stu- dents in all departments on March 1.

CHINA Of these 129 are in the middle school China's New Campaign Against Opium and college, and 211 in the lower schools. However, the pupils in the W E have spoken of Dr. Sun Yat day and Sunday-schools in nearby Sen's appeal to the British na- villages and in the night-school for tion for the abolition of the opium workmen should be added to the num- traffic already (see MISS. REV., Au- ber above.

gust, 1912, p. 626). We are glad to The fees received from students, note that the young Republic seems covering tuition and rent for the year, determined to commence a stronger and board and incidentals for a half- fight against the evil. It is reported year, amounted to $13,000 gold; Cash

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receipts from subscribers to the dormi- place to compare with that of Canton tory fund, after completion of the for its size and magnificence. The second dormitory, have left $II,OOO grounds and the buildings of the gold in hand for the third dormitory, temple were invaded by bands of the which is now building. revolutionary army, whose purpose it was to destroy the idols and burn the During the year American givers temple with fire. contributed $17,530 ($7,500 for buildings, $1,000 for scholarship), but The Way the Church Grows money is urgently needed especially on account of the growth of the col- F rVE or six Christian carpenters lege. The Chinese themselves rank and builders of Seoul went down it as the best school in South China, into the country some miles, in the and officials, gentry and merchants are way of their regular business to a sending their sons and are liberally country town where there were no contributing of their means. The col- believers. As the result of their livlege has not been disturbed during the ing Christ and teaching about Him, recent civil war in China, and it has when they returned a few weeks later, been the refuge for the missionaries they left behind them a group of from the interior. Friends of the col- Christians regularly meeting and worlege point out that it can have shiping, a church, in fact. One of 1,000 students in three years, if the most delightful things about it all the accommodations, the teachers, and is, that tho the church thus started, the money for running expenses .are being on Methodist territory, will provided. Day and Sunday-schools belong with that mission, the workin the nearby villages can be quickly men belonged to another denominaextended, since the inhabitants of tion, and everybody is quite happy some of them have broken their idols and satisfied. No idea of trying to and have asked for Christian teachers. swell the adherents or glory of their own church entered their minds, only The Seamy Side of Occidental Influence to save souls for Christ's sake. Do we foreigners leave a group of Chris- T HE Chinese Students' Journal, of tians behind us as results of our la- Shanghai, mentions the fact that bor when we visit a place on busia large foreign distillery at Chaokow ness ?-Korea Mission Field. is now turning out 600 piculs of whisky a day. Opium out; alcohol Church-building in West China in ! So the trading Mammon corrupts and demoralizes. T HE United Methodist Free Church of England has mis- Deatruction of Idols in China sionaries at work among the inhabit- ants of the Rice Ear Valley, West REV. CHARLES BONE, of Can- China, and many of them have be- ton, writing to the Methodist come Christians. These are among Times, says: "The day we have the most independent of the Miao waited for, foreseen, foretold, and ex- Christians, and give frequent trouble pected has come at last. This week, to the missionaries, but they are very in the city of Canton, one of the faithful. They had an old chapel greatest cities in China, and the vast which six times collapsed on account emporium of the South, all the idols of infirmity. Last year they deteriIi the most frequented and influen- mined to build a smaller place of tial of the temples have been dragged stone, but the cost was too great. forth from their dust:covered cor- Friends of the missionaries promised ners into the open-air to be beheadeJ. aid, and the old building was torn A Shing Wong Miu, or temple to down, and a small bamboo and plasthe tutelary god of the city, is found ter building was run up, and shelin almost every walled town in China, tered the people for nearly twelve but r have never seen any other months. Now they have succeeded

in building a comfortable and sub- and think of the pilgrims and mer- stantial house of worship. It has chants exposed to the fury of the stone walls and great wooden pillars, tempest and in danger of death. They and the two class-rooms and the gal- go to the nearest Lama and buy lery can be thrown open into the "paper horses" (pieces of paper with larger building by means of folding a picture of a horse stamped on doors, so that a crowd of one thou- each). In spite of wind and snow. sand can be accommodated on spe- they climb the nearest mountain top cial occasions. There was no supply and set the "paper horses" free. As of timber near at hand, and the coun- the wind carries them away, they try had to be scoured for many miles pray to the great Buddha to lay them before sufficient trees could be pur- at the feet of the weary, storm-stayed chased. Hundreds of men were pilgrims, and to turn them into living needed to bring the wooden pillars horses to bear the pilgrims to their on which the roof rests, and they homes in safety. Mr. French Ridley worked hard. Much of the work of the China Inland Mission has well was done by the Christians themselves, said that likewise we should prayer- who gave over 2,000 days of free fully scatter the printed Word of labor, in addition to more than $200. God, that it may reach the endan- Many of the strong young women gered wanderer and lead him to joined in and took their share of the safety in Christ. given labor. The chapel was opened . on August 12th, in the presence of JAPAN enormous crowds. It is now being decorated by the painters at the ex- Vice in Japanese Cities pense of the Christians of the Rice Ear Valley. LED by the great Count O]{uma, public conscience has been awak- Is Tibet Open? ened in Japan, and the question of the segregation of vice is receiving wide- A MISSIONARY of the Foreign awake attention. When the yoshi- Christian Missionary Society in wara (the vice districts) of Osaka Batang, which is loca{ed near" the and Tokyo were burned, they were frontier of Tibet, reports that it is not allowed to rebuild in the midst now possible to send telegrams to of the city, but were driven to the Chandow in Tibet and that the post- outskirts, and indeed some of the dis- office is open through the whole coun- tricts have not yet been rebuilt. Men try. Thus Tibet can be scarcely of power in Japan are those belong- called a "closed" land any longer, but ing to the Satsuma clan-men who in it may soon have to be called a the days of old Japan stood firm "neglected" land. At Batang the against social corruption and would crowds at the regular services are in- not allow vice districts in the cities creasing so rapidly that it will be of the southern islands. necessary to rent larger rooms and to build soon. Much Christian litera- What Another Statesman Say. ture is being bought from the Bible seller by the natives. It is said that JAPAN has been profoundly stirred the joy of some of these men when by the pronouncement of Count they receive the New Testament in Okuma, the great statesman of the Tibetan characters is almost pathetic "Sunrise Land," who, tho not himself to witness. a Christian, has paid this remarkable' tribute to Christianity; "Only by The people of Tibet have a very the coming of the West," he declares, beautiful custom. When the storm "in its missionary representatives rages and the snow is falling in large and by the spread of the Gospel, did flakes, the people in the border vill- the nation enter upon world-wide ages remember those in the interior thoughts and world-wide work. Chris- tian missionary work did not deepen

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the religious nature of the people, been a Christian six or seven years, but it gave a new ideal to which it has led over 100 women to Jesus. For might aspire, the life and character workers in the "Million Movement" of Jesus." A half century ago Japan small blank-books are provided. On publicly attacked any bold enough to the first page is written the name of profess Christ. The statement of some unconverted friend, and beneath Count Okuma shows the drift of an appropriate Scripture verse. The modern sentiment in the nation. The friend is exhorted and prayed for till mighty force enrolled under the ban- she becomes a Christian, then another ner of the cross numbers about 1,000 name is placed on the second page.- foreign missionaries, 2,000 native Missionary Outlock. preachers, over 600 organized churches, and 67,000 communicants. What Misaionaries Have Done Japan's Debt to America I T is only natural that the Koreans of the interior should think well oJ JAPAN owes to America the open- missionaries. Around Pyeng-yang, ing of the Island Empire to the for instance, the American missionworld; the influence for good upon aries, led by Dr. Moffett, have its political life; the pattern furnished transformed the community. They for her educational system; the aid have brought to the women a received in securing an international new life, and changed their outlook standing; and last, but not least, the from that of domestic drudges introduction of Christianity in 1859. into that of h€lpmeets and com- panions of the men. "My husband It is a remarkable fact that, while is treating me just like the Moksa skeptical travelers are reviling and ( teacher) treats his wife," is now the ridiculing the work of missions, the boast of more than one Korean wom- Japanese themselves bear loud testi- an. They have stimulated a desire in mony to the value of Christianity to the people for education. Where fortheir country. merly the sick rotted away from neg- lected ailments they can now procuH. Infidelity Increasing in Japan modern surgical treatment of the best kind. Further, the missionaries have A CORRESPONDENT in The lifted from the souls of the people the Chronicle of the London Mission- old haunting and terrifying fear of ary Society says that in reading the demons. The Koreans see what has report of the University of Tokyo he been done, and they are grateful for was astonished at the classification of it.-Spirit of Missions. its 5,000 students, according to religious views. There were 6 Confucianists, Sacrifice that Counts 60 Christians, 300 Buddhists, 1,000 atheists, and the remaining more than A KOREAN. lady of great wealth, 3,600 were agnostics. What a pitiful beautifully gowned in shining statement from the center of culture linen and soft silk, stopt her sedan in the new Japan. Only 300 true to chair outside a bookstore in An the old religion of ,the East, only 60 Dong. A friend stopt to speak Christians, and more than 4,600 either with her, and she said, "I have just infidels or agnostics. There ~an be been buying some books to take no doubt that the educated classes home with me to give away to my of Japan are sinking their heathenism unbelieving neighbors." "Where are for infidelity, and are losing their they?" I asked. "In the chair," was former interest in, and sympathy for, the reply. And one of the chair Christianity. coolies, with a very disgusted look upon his face, raised the chair cur- What One Woman Did tain, and behold! the chair was packed full of Mark's Gospel tracts CHRISTIANS in Korea are surely "Doers of the Word, and not hearers only." One woman who has

and hymn books! "But," I said, culties were great. Few cared "the chair is full; you can not get in." "That's no mqtter," she laughed, to listen to the preaching of the "it's only 30 Ii (IS miles), and I can walk." The chair coolies were bid- Gospel; parents were little inden to take up the chair, and they did so rather gruntingly, and the clined to send their children to the lady followed, walking with her woman servant, her face beaming missionary schools; and the chiefs with pleasure, and smiling "Goodbye." Only those who know what soon became openly hostile to the riding in a chair stands for among Korean women can app],"eciate the white man and his work. Attempts sacrifice in this story. "To leave the city of An Dong on foot when were made to get rid of the hated misshe might ride !" exclaimed a bystander. She was past fifty years sionary either by killing him or by of age. putting him out of the country. Yet, AFRICA the truth prevailed, and in 1897 the CENTRAL AFRICA first converts acknowledged the Lord African· Fields White Unto Harvest Jesus Christ in public baptism. Since T 8E missionaries of the C. M. S. in Central Africa are re- that time the work has been rapidly porting openings in the regions around Uganda, where the people extended westward into N. W. Rhoare actually begging for teachers. About 100 Christian Baganda are desia, and southward into Portuguese at present at work, but there are openings for twice the number. In Nyasaland. The D. R. Church of the the kingdom of Baganda is also lack of workers, and now the outside Orange Free State has become retribes are begging for teachers. The Belgian territory adjoining Baganda sponsible for Rhodesia, the D. R. has remained without teachers a long time, the Belgian Government refusing Church of the Transvaal for Portuto allow any to go. These tribes now beg the British missionaries for Ba- guese East Africa, while the D. R. ganda teachers with a European over them. But tho the places are wait- Church of the Cape Colony continues ing, there is no one to send. Truly, the harvest is great, pray ye therefore! to look after the work in British In Ndeje a monthly children's Nyasaland. meeting is attended by 400 to 500 children, who bring in castor-oil seeds, On November 18, 1910, special serwhich are sold by the missionaries. The money thus gained is sufficient to vices in commemoration of the compay the children's teacher. ing of age of the work were held in Ptogress in Nyassaland all the stations. The churches were THE Dutch Refonned Church of South Africa commenced mis- crowded to the uttermost, and the sionary work in Nyassaland 21 years ago. The first station was founded speakers praised God for the marvelat Mvera, 27 miles west of Domira Bay, on Lake Nyassa. The diffi- ous growth of the work during recent years. This growth is well shown by the following figures: 1903 1910 Communicants .. 606 2,709 Catechumen … . 1,325 5,864 Schools …….. . 105 400 Native Teachers. 579 1,376 Pupils ……… . 10,317 45,771 A Brave Nyuaa Christian A NATIVE helper of the Mbozi congregation of the Moravians in Nyassa, British Central Africa, re- cently aided the cause of Christ greatly by exploding an old supersti- tion, under the han of which his people had lived for ages. He dared to ascend the sacred hill where the ancestors of the chief, Maleme, lay buried. Certain death was supposed to come to any rash, disobedient per- son who climbed the hilI. To demon- strate the impotence of the spirits of the forefathers of the chief, the Christian passed all barriers and found the maize offered to the spirits

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untouched in the sacred hut. Two most important, because it was set lively fowls, one black, the other apart for the discussion of Islam, its white, were scratching about con- progress, its danger, and the means tentedly, the sole living occupants of to be employed in the battle against it. the tabooed spot. Otherwise, nothing In the report of the discussion in this of interest was to be seen. When connection we find the statements that he returned to the habitations in while it is impossible to give exact safety, he created a sensation among figures concerning the progress of the inhabitants. This bold exposure Islam at the present time, none can of the worthlessness of the ghost- deny that its progress is tremendously cult may have a decided effect in de- rapid just now; that the propaganda stroying the power of this old super- in its behalf is chiefly carried on by stition. Arabs and Hindus who live on the coasts of Africa, but that a direct or- WEST AFRICA ganization of such propaganda can not be proved; that the chief power of Growth of the Church in West Africa this propaganda is in the contempt with which non-Mohammedans are T HE Church of England mission- treated and the hope for social and aries entered the African Contin- political gain by the converts; that the ent more than a century ago. Sierra problem before the missionaries is Leone was selected as the field, be- primarily religious, and that Christicause its liberated negroes represented anity must employ different methods over 100 West African tribes, speak- of propaganda than Islam and must ing a variety of languages. They use especially the preaching of the carried, as it had been hoped, the Gospel, the indoctrination of inquirers Gospel with them as they returned to and converts, the education of native their old homes. Thus, the work ex- workers, and the creation of apolotended to other parts of West Africa getic and missionary literature in the until there were 40 Church of Eng- language of the natives. Special emland stations, with about 20,000 ad- phasis was laid upon the necessity of herents after 80 years. The last 20 more aggressive and extensive work years saw a tremendous advance. in the cities on the coast as well as The 40 stations have become 300, and in the interior, which latter, the inthe 20,000 adherents have grown to terior, has been considered as of suover 50,000. The old idol worship preme importance in the present is despised, even by those who have crisis, so that the coast, whence the not been baptized, and a general propaganda originates, has been somemovement toward Christianity has what neglected. commenced. Progress in German East Africa EAST AFRICA T HE (German) Missionary So- Firat Missionary Conference in East ciety for German East Africa, in its report for I9IO, speaks of Africa the Lord's blessing and of the progress and strengthening of the work at T HE First Missionary Conference home and abroad. January I, I9II, for German East Africa was there were 12 stations and 39 outheld at Daressalam from August stations, with 14 missionaries and 12 13 to 19. Delegates represented layworkers, assisted by 72 native helpthe Leipsic Missionary Society (2), ers. The 62 missionary schools were the German East Africa Society (4), attended by 2,675 pupils, of whom the Berlin Society (5), the Moravians 2,227 were heathen. The number of (2), and the C. M. S. (I), while a native Christians is now 1,473, and large number of messages and letters 125 adults were baptized in 1910. The bore testimony to the great interest total income of the society was $56,- which was taken by missionaries and by friends of missions. A number of excellent papers were read and extensively discust. The second day was

573, of which amount $2,170 had been and the Paris Missionary Socontributed in Africa. ciety, have decided to found a Union Missionary Training and Bible School In Usambara the work has been for the training of native teachers in made a little more difficult by the Tananarivo. It is hoped that its puprogress of European culture, but the pils will receive a training which will missionary schools are more crowded not be inferior to that given the puthan ever before, and the Christian pils of the school supported by the congregations are growing in number Government, and that the gathering and in spirituality. Islam is becom- of the future Protestant teachers in ing more and more aggressive, so that one school and in one representative the missionaries in the Bunguland body will strengthen their faith and were forced to speak against it in a increase their usefulness. Hitherto public mass-meeting. The addresses of many difficulties have been caused by the missionaries led to a vote of con- the exclusion of the pupils of Protfidence in them and in their work by estant schools from the secondary the heathen, and the public services Government schools in Madagascar. were crowded during the next months, up to the time when the report closed. Training School for Native Christians In Ruanda the king and his coun- T HE London Missionary Society selors continue to be unfavorable to has established a training school Christianity, so that it has not been at Tiger Klooft which promises to possible to approach, much less to do for the natives of South Africa gain, one of the higher classes. But, what Tuskegee is doing for the Afas in the days of Christ, the common ricans of our Southern States. Its people hear the Gospel gladly, and al- founder is the Rev. W. C. Willoughready seventeen inquirers are prepar- by, who for several years was pastor ing for baptism, tho it is but few of King Khama. He had noted that years since the missionaries entered of several hundred admitted to the the country. Among the 141 pupils Church none had been converted unin the four missionary schools in der his own preaching, but instead Ruanda were forty-eight girls, an under that of native preaching. So amazingly large percentage for a he decided to make it his business to young work, and the number of pupils train up such 'a force. It has also was almost fourfold that of the pre- workshops in which natives are ceding year (thirty-six). taught various trades.

East African Notes The Black Giant Arouled AT Ngora in Eastern Province of I F the heathen are beginning to rub Uganda, industrial work is a pa- their eyes, what shall be said of the tent factor of mission work carried on native progressives-the educated chilby the London Church Missionary So- dren and grandchildren of the first ciety. Its school includes a black- natives to break away from the old smith shop, an 8-acre cotton field, tribal life! There have been some stirand lo-acre potato field~ The British ring events the past three months, and Government recently gave the school the natives have given the whites a 200 acres of land on condition that it rude shock. In January there met in teach agriculture. Bloemfontein chiefs and delegates from all principal tribes south of the SOUTH AFRICA Zambesi. There they organized the Native National Congress of South A Union Bible School in Madagascar Africa. The purpose of this body is to advance the political and economic FOUR of the eight missionary so- interests of the native races. The cieties whose representatives are leaders fully realize that tribal divipreaching the Gospel to the heathen sions and feuds have been the undoing in Madagascar, namely, the S. P. G., the L. M. S., the English Friends,

I2 J WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

of the natives in the past. One of the victims naked into the river-the head first objects of the congress is to pro- alone being out of the water-that mote unity among the various tribes, the flesh may become more tender. speaking five or six principal lan- Pere Allaire alleges that he has seen guages. They believe that if the 5,- among the Zolos slave markets where 000,000 blacks stand together and purchasers indicate with chalk the speak with one voice, the 1,000,000 parts or cuts which they wish. whites who now rule the land will sooner or later be obliged to give heed. A Not Clothes, But Tattoo The organizer of this congress is a MISSIONARY heard the folyoung Zulu attorney, a graduate of lowing prayer repeated by Columbia and Oxford. Its president Christian South Sea Islanders at the is Mr. J. L. Dube, another Zulu known close of a service: "Grant, 0 Lord, to many in America. that the good words to which we have listened be not like unto the beautiful A New Pygmy Race Discovered Sunday clothes, which we lay aside speedily and put away till the Lord's DETAILS of the discovery, by day comes again. But let these British explorers, of a new truths be like the tattoo marks upon pygmy race in New Guinea are our bodies, which can not be removed creating a sensation among anthrop- while we are alive." ologists. The names best known in connection with this expedition, our How the Gospel Transforms contemporary informs us, are those of Captain C. G. Rawling, Doctor A Missionary writes from Burma: Eric Marshall, of the Shackleton ex- The chief interest of this New pedition, and Doctor A. F. W ollas- Year's service was the address in ton, of the British Museum. different tongues. I will mention only one, part of which was in English. Captain Rawling was making a The speaker was the Rev. Ba Te, a short trip into the mountains, and Karen, about forty years old. He was while proceeding with his Papuans a lawyer, a dozen years ago in Ranthe leading man dashed ahead. After goon, with a good income. He gave a long chase through the jungle, up his profession and went as a mistwo hillmen were caught, dreadfully sionary to Kantung, on the border befrightened. Captain Rawling offered them a cigaret, but nothing would in- tween Burma and China, at 50 rupees duce them to smoke it. They were naked, except for a grass helmet, a a month. Within the last ten years bag and a tiny strip around the waist. the Christian converts there have They were 4 feet 3 inches and 4 feet come to number 10,000. Mr. Te told 6 inches in height respectively, dwarfs his story eloquently, modestly, making in fact. it appear that the great work was be- ing done by the converts themselves. THE OCEAN WORLD I learned after the meeting that many of the people had banded together as Cannibalism Still Abounding a society pledged to use no intoxicat- ing drinks and to try to do right as far T HE July number of the Revue as they knew, until God should come des Deux M andes relates the ex- and show them a better way. They periences of a missionary priest on bound cotton cords around their the Oubangi, in French Kongo. Can- heads and wrists, agreeing to nibalism of the grossest type abounds. wear them until the divine mes- Human flesh is for sale in the butch- sage should come. When Mr. Te ers' shops and "we have been offered came amon~ them, preaching the goswithout embarrassment a leg or a pel, they said that God had sent him thigh for ten or fifteen saus." This to tell them what they had been waitflesh is usually eaten raw. It is the ing long to hear. They cut the cords custom among the Bonjos to break from brow and wrist and profest arms and legs and thrust the living

themselves disciples of Jesus Christ. instrumental in extending the Indian But the greatest romance of missions episcopate. At Bishop Milman's is not in stories that can be written in death there were only the three Presiwords. It is recorded in the faces of dency Bishoprics and that of Cosuch assemblies as I looked on last lombo in the Province. The vear New Year's morning-strong, fine of Bishop Johnson's arrival in India faces of young men, womanly faces, saw the Lahore and Rangoon bishopin marked distinction from the multi- rics created, and when he resigned in tude of their kind that throng the 1897 there were ten bishops. Bishop streets. True, it was a motley assem- Johnson did much in other respects bly, but it blended into a noble, com- also to promote the organization of posite picture as they sang together in the Indian Church. confident tones, "Jesus shall reign where'ere the sun," and closed with Rev. Thomas Walker the doxology, each in his own tongue, but all in harmony, praising the won- I N the death of Rev. Thomas derful works of God. Walker, of Tinnevelly, the Church Missionary Society and the Indian All One in Christ Jesus Church at large lose one of the ablest and most sympathetic mission- I Nane of the smaller churches in aries in India. He commenced work Hawaii the membership consists as a missionary in Tinnevlly in r885 of 10 Japanese, 9 Hawaiians, 9 and soon acquired such scholarly Americans, r German, r r American mastery of Tamil, under the guidance Hawaiians and 9 Chinese Hawaiians. of the noted Tamil scholar, Bishop On a recent occasion a pastor (who Sargent, that he quickly became a speaks thrice a Sunday), addrest most fluent speaker and writer of that 30 Hawaiians, to a mixed audience difficult tongue. For many years past of Japanese and Portuguese, and he spent not a little of his time in again to a collection of Chinese boys holding conventions for the deepenand girls. Splendid results ensue in ing of the spiritual life, and he be- Christian fellowship. All are one m came one of the most influential and Christ Jesus. best beloved speakers at great gather- ings of Indian Christians and Mis- School Work in Malaysia sionaries. He took a deep interest in the spiritual affairs of the Re- In Malaysia we have a chain of formed Syrian Church and conducted Anglo-Chinese schools in which about annual conferences in Travancore for 4,clOO boys and young men are en- the members of that Church by invirolled. These schools are entirelv tation of its Metran. He was holdself-supporting, not a cent of mi~­ ing such a convention at Masulipatam sionary money being spent on them when cholera seized him. The illness either in the plant or salaries. Of the school at Singapore William T. Ellis proved fatal and he died on August wrote recently: "The notable Anglo- 24, mourned by multitudes through- Chinese school of the Methodists in out the Indian Empire. Singapore and the work that centers in Oldham Hall are doubtless the A Swedish Worker Gone most important single educational facts in the settlement of Chinese in JOSEPH HOLMGREN departed Malaysia." . this life on July 29, I912, in Warm- land, Sweden. Since 1890 he had OBITUARY NOTES been secretary of the Swedish Mission in China (Svenska Missianen i Kina) Bishop Edward Ralph Johnson and editor of the missionary magazine The Land af Sinim. Thoroughly THE death of Bishop Edward consecrated, filled with great zeal, and Ralph Johnson occurred on Sep- well instructed, he accomplished much tember I I. He succeeded Bishop for the cause of the Master by his Milman in r876 and was very largely writings and by his addresses. AND MISSION LANDS THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The that men can produce in contrast to that which is divine in authority and Buddha of the Burmese. By Rt. Rev. power.

P. Bigandet. 2 vols. 267 and 326 pp. THE PROGRESS AND ARREST OF ISLAM IN 8vo. $4.00, net. Triibner's Oriental SUMATRA. By Gottfried Simon. Bvo. Series. Imported by E. P. Dutton & 328 pp. 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Lon- don, 1912. Co., New York, 1911. The last state of the heathen that This work was first printed in becomes a Mohammedan is worse than the first. In the Dutch East Indies Burma, over fifty years ago. It is a the Christian missionary comes into contact with raw heathen, with Moscareful investigation and account of lem Hadjis, and with heathen Mo- hammedans, and the last are more dethe story of Gaudama, or Buddha, graded and hopeless than either of the other two. But in Sumatra, Java, and whose followers number to-day over Borneo there has been done a remark- able work by Christian missionaries 300,000,000 in Burma, Ceylon, Tibet, for the conversion of Moslems, and the story is full of encouragement. China, Korea, and Japan. A third edi- Mr. Simon, who has had eleven tion of the work of a Burmese trans- years' experience as a missionary in Sumatra, has given us a remarkably lator is here published with copious interesting and illuminating book. The English translation is also excellent. and informing annotations. In spite The author first shows why so many of the Dutch East Indies have turned of these notes a glossary is needed. to Islam. There are no Moslem mis- sionaries, properly so called, working "For seven thingies of worlds," says among them, but the traders and of- ficials make it to the interests of the the translator, "he who was to be- native to become followers of the "False Prophet." The sensualism and come the Buddha felt, during that im- superstition of Islam make their ap- peal and the arrogant behavior of mense number of revolutions of na- Moslems toward the heathen leads to a desire for self-betterment. ture, a thought for the Buddhaship In the second section of the volume awakening in his soul. He Mr. Simon unveils the real moral and religious state of the pagans who have began to understand that the practise turned Moslem. He shows the con- fusion of religious ideas that follow of virtues of the highest order was an animist's adoption of the doctrines of Islam and the moral degradation requisite to enable him to attain the that comes to woman. In Sumatra and Java, prostitution is as common glorious object of his ardent wishes, among Moslems as is polygamy, and in some villages the loose customs as and no less than 125,000 Buddhas ap- to marriage and divorce have brought peared during that space of time.

The period of asking openly for the Buddhaship lasted nine thingies of worlds. It was brightened and illus- trated by the successive manifestations of 987,000 Buddhas."

The story, in which there may be a kernel of fact, goes on to describe, in a legendary way, the birth of Thoo- daudana, his marriage, and the won- ders attending the conception and birth of Phralaong-who became a Buddha, called Gaudama.

There is a mixture of beauty and of grotesqueness in the story that is in tremendous contrast to the sim- plicity of the story of the coming of Christ into the world. There is also a mixture of truth and falsehood, of good and evil, in the ideals of Bud- dhism, which, when compared with Christianity, reveals the best religion about promiscuous relations that are ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography by his more disgusting than rank heathen- son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illustrated. ism. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, net, and 6s., net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. A third division of the book takes James Nesbet & Co., London, 1912. up the conversion of Malaysian Moslems to Christianity. This work is One can not read the story of this most urgent and most encouraging in life, devoted to the service of God, its results-the largest in missions to without being inspired with new con- Mohammedans. We should not speak fidence in the faithfulness of God and of the hopelessness of converting Mos- the truth of His Word. lems until we have more seriously tried it. Read this inspiring volume, pray The boyhood days, the college exto God, and take courage. periences, the early pastorates, and even apparently trivial circumstances, THE :!VI0SLEM CHRIST. By Samuel M. all prepared the way for the world- Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated. wide service to which Dr. Pierson 12mo. 198 pp. 35., 6d., net. Oliphant, was called. The book contains dra- Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. matic incidents, many inspiring pass- ages, some characteristic humor, and Dr. Zwemer has an unusual grasp for pastors and Christian workers of the Mohammedan history, religion, hints that are invaluable. We reserve and character. In his present volume a fuller notice of the book to our he gives a unique essay on the Mos- January number. lem teachings concerning Christ according to the Koran and tradition. DR. PIERSON AND HIS MESSAGE. By J. He shows that while Mohammedans Kennedy MacLean. 8vo. 280 pp. $1.00. believe in Christ as a true prophet, The Association Press, New York, they deny his deity, his atonement, and 1911. his supremacy. A study of the Moslem view of Christ is helpful to all Mr. MacLean has given us a very Christians, and is extremely important sympathetic and interesting sketch of to those who are working for the con- Dr. Pierson's British ministries. Withversion of Mohammedans. Dr. Zwe- out the records or private correspondmer is always interesting, even on an ence to draw from, he had, nevertheapparently technical topic. less, made a volume which has a value of its own. The London Tabernacle OGTLINES OF MISSIONARY HISTORY. By Rev. and Keswick ministries are especially A. DeWitt Mason, D.D. 8vo. 338 pp. emphasized. The larger part of the $1.50, net. George H. Doran & Co., volume is devoted to some of Dr. Pier- New York, 1912. son's characteristic sermons-biblical, practical, and spiritual. There is, perhaps, nothing new or unique about this summary of mission- JUST BEFORE THE DAWN. Life and Work ary history, but it is a good, concise of Ninomiya Sontoku. By R. C. Armaccount of the progress of missions strong. Illustrated. 8vo. 273 PP. from apostolic days up to the present $1.50, net. The Macmillan Co., New time. After five introductory chapters, the author, who is editor of the Chris- York, 1912. tian Intelligencer of the Re{ormed Church, gives a summary of mission- Japan is a nation whose ideals and ary progtess in each of the .principal development are worthy of study. countries of the world, including What was Japan before the missionary North and South America. The view arrived and before the age of enlightis encouraging. He also inserts a enment dawned? This is what Mr. valuable missionary chronology, statis- Armstrong reveals. It is, perhaps, oi tical tables, list of authorities, and an interest to the student of history, index. The volume is rather a careful ethics. and ethnology more than to the compilation than a work of first-hand student of missions, but the light upon know ledge. Japanese character is both entertaining and valuable.

The main part of the book centers are>und the life of Ninomiya Sontoku -a man who was born in 1787 and religious fanaticism, but the need for who died in 1856. He was a reformer missions is great, and there are results who did much to help in the moral that bring joy to the seed-sowers.

and physical betterment of the J apa- THE BLACK-BEARDED BARBARIAN. By nese villages. The book is well worth Marian Keith. 12mo. 307 pp. SOc., reading. cloth; 3Sc., paper, net. Missionary Edu- FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. Robert H. cation :Movement, New York, 1912.

Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. 328 pp. The story of the Canadian mission- $1.50. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912. ary, Dr. George Leslie Mackay, is full of romance and adventure. His life "The Jungle Folk of Africa" was among the Chinese and the savages in a marked success. This companion Formosa reminds us of that of John volume is on the same line. It nar- G. Paton in the New Hebrides. rates in popular style the observations and experiences of a missionary in the The present volume is rewritten Kamerun country. The book abounds from Dr. Mackay's own book, "From in anecdote and incident and interest- Far Formosa," and is remarkably ening facts. The humanity of the people tertaining and stimulating. The misis revealed, and the degradation that sionary began his work as a despised results from their fetish worship. The barbarian, hooted at and stoned as he crying need of Christian missions is passed throngh the streets. Some narevident, also the worthwhileness of the row escapes from death read like mirwork that is being done. acles of God's providence. But Mackay persevered, and when he died, after MOROCCO AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. By over thirty years of work, he left 4,000 Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. 8vo. converts, a college, theological semi- lOs., 6d. Murray & Evenden, London, nary, and four organized churches. 1912. The story of the B. B. B. reads like a novel, and contains no dates, and few Morocco is an interesting country in evidences of its historical character. spite of-perhaps partly because of– its semi-barbarism. The Moor still holds sway, with French influence pre- TWENTY YEARS A KOREAN MISSIONARY. By dominating in international commerce Juan Perry. Paper, 6d., net. S. W.

and politics. Physically, morally, and Partridge, London, 1912.

religiously, the conditions are rotten, Miss Perry gives some fine glimpses and it was for this reason that Dr. of her work in Korea-encouraging Robert Kerr went out to the country work among the women and children. 25 years ago to heal diseases and to The changes are described with some preach the Gospel. He was first sent of the marked movements in which out in r886 by the Jewish Committee she iJas had a part.

of the English Presbyterian Church, PAMPHLETS but later became the head of the independent society-the Central Morocco THE CHURCH OF ROME IN AMERICAN POLI- Mission. . TICS. SC. The Menacee Publishing Co., Auburn, Mo. Life for a Protestant missionary is THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MASS AND THE not easy in Morocco, and Dr. Kerr BIBLE. By Charles C. Cook, New York.

seems to' have suffered from fanatical These two leaflets are chiefly valu- Moslems and from interfering consuls able to those who do not know the and other diplomats. He tells his errors of the Church of Rome and are story in a very interesting anecdotal willing to learn. The difficulty is that fashion, and gives us much valuable many who should know will not read information as to the country and them.

people. His narrative also contains PROCEEDINGS, OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEDIsome excellent incidents and touches CAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE. Battle of humor. Creek, Mich., January, 1912.

The missionary work has met with This conference is becoming more little outward success because of the popular and more important. The re-

port contains excellent papers and ad- A FIGHT FOR A LIFE. The Story of a West African Convert and His Friends. By dresses presented by Dr. Davis, of Frances M. Hensley. With preface by the Rt. Rev. Herbert Tugwell, D.D. China; Dr. W. H. Riley, Dr. J. H. Illustrated. 12mo. 207 pp. Church Missionary Society, London, 1912. Ingram, of North China; Wilfred M. AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS Post, M.D., of Syria, and others. IN TROPICAL AFRICA. Being the Biog- . NEW BOOKS raphy of Gwen Elen Lewis, Mission- ary to the Cameroons and the Kongo. MESSAGES OF THE MEN AND RELIGION MOVE- By George Hawker. Illustrated. 65. 12mo, 352 pp. Hodder & Stoughton, MENT. 7 vols. 12mo. $4.00, per set. New York and London, 1912. Association Press, 124 East 28th Street, DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA. By John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction New York City. by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Cromer. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography. By Illustrated. 8vo. lOs., 6d., net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1912. his son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illus- THE RENAISSANCE IN INDIA: ITs MISSION- trated. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, tlet. Flem- ARY AS·PECT. By the Rev. C. F. An- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 6s., tlet. drews. 319 pp. Cloth, 2s., net j paper, James Nesbit & Co., London, 1912. Is., 6d., net. S. P. G. House, London, A MODERN PIONEER IN KOREA. THE LIFE STORY OF HENRY G. ApPENZELLER. By 1912. KABI CHARAN BANURJI, Brahman, Chris- William Elliot Griffis, D.D., L.H.D. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 298 pp. $1.25, net. tian, Saint. By B. R. Barber. With a Preface by Sir Andrew Fraser. 73 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 4 annas. Christian Literature Society, 1912. SUN Y AT SEN AND THE AWAKENING OF India, 1912. CHINA. By James Cantlie and C. LIFE AND LABORS OF BISHOP HARE, ApOSTLE Sheridan Jones. Illustrated. 12mo. TO THE SIOUX. By M. A. D. Howe. 417 252 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell pp. $2.50, net. Sturgis & Walton, New Co., New York. Jarrold & Sons, Lon- don, 1912. York, 1912. THE LIFE OF DR. ARTHUR JACKSON, OF MAN- THE DRY DOCK OF A THOUSAND WRECKS. CHURIA. By the Rev. Alfred J. Costain, M.A. With a preface by the Rev. Wil- By Philip I. Roberts. With an Intro- liam Watson, M.A. Second Edition. duction by John Henry Jowett, D.D. Frontispiece. 12mo. 2s., net. 182 pp. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.00, net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York and Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, London, 1912. A CHINESE ST. FRANCIS; OR, THE LIFE 1912. STORY OF BROTHER MAO. By C. Campbell ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS. A Ra- Brown. 2s., 6d., net. Hodder & Stough- ton, New York and London. tional System for Teaching English to ISLAM LANDS. Nubia, the Sudan, Tunisia, Foreigners. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. and Algeria. By Michael Myers Shoe- 12mo. 82 pp. Association Press, 124 maker. Illustrated. 12mo. 251 pp. East 28th Street, New York, 1912. $2.50, net. . G. P. Putnam's Sons, New BRITISH, FRENCH, AND DUTCH GUIANA. By James Rodway. 318 pp. Illustrated. York, 1912. lOs., 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, THE SOUL OF A TURK. By Victoria de 1912. Bunsen. 8vo. 302 pp. Illustrated. lOs., MISSIONS: THEIR RISE AND DEVELOPMENT. 6d., net. John Lane & Co., New York and London, 1912. By Louise Creighton. 16mo. 256 pp. JAVA, SUMATRA, AND THE OTHER ISLANDS OF SOc., net. Holt & Co., New York, 1912. THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By A. Cabaton. THE CALL OF THE WORLD; OR, EVERY MAN'S 12mo. 376 pp. lOs., 6d. T. Fisher SUPREME OPPORTUNITY. By W. E. Unwin, London, 1911. Doughty. 16mo. 111 pp. Laymen's THE FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. By Robert H. Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. Missionary Movement, N ew York, 1912. 328 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By Co., New York, 1912. PYGMIES AND P APUANS: THE STONE AGE the Rev. Norman Maclean. 12mo. 192 TO-DAY IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA. By A. pp. $1.25, net. George H. Doran Co., F. R. Wolaston. Illustrated. 352 pp. New York, 1912. ISs.. net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Re- 1912. SOME ZULU CUSTOMS AND FOLK-LORE. By port of the China Inland Mission, 1912. L. H. Samuelson. 83 pp. 3s., tlet. 12mo. 186 pp. China Inland Mission, Church Printing Co., London, 1912. London and Philadelphia, 1912. NINETY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE THE OUTCASTS' HOPE. By the Rev. G. E. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. 1912. Together Phillips. Tllustrated. Is.. net. C. M. S., with a List of Auxiliary Societies, Their Officers, and an Appendix. 8vo. London, Salisbury Square, E. c., 1912. 556 pp. American Bible Society, New York, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1912

S CENES I N JAPAN , KOREA AND .FO

1. The Old Pagoda at Seoul, K orea. 10. The Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo, Japan. 2. lf.edical Students at Syen Chun. Korea. 11. The Sevcrcnce H ospital in Seoul, Korea. 3. Am erican Sail o r~ at the Statu e of Buddha, 12. l1:issi onaries Traveling in Tapan. T oky o. 13. The City Gate at Pycng Yan$", Korea. 4. A Kindergarten Band at Hiroshima School. 14. Some Hairy Ainu of North Japan. .

5. D!.a~:~cl:ay doing Practical Missionary Work 15. Gids F rom the Mission School at Sycn Chun, in Formosa. Korea.

~: ~dd~ls~ept~fes~se~~tiKo~:a!apan. 16. A Korean Cou ntry Gentleman With Wife and Mother. 8. The First Woman Convert in North Formosa. 9. "Box Car" Traveling in Korea. 17. Boys of the Okoyama Orphanage, Japan. 18. The Stone Image Outside th e East Gate of S eDu1, Korea.

Missionary

@ of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.9. SEPTEMBER, 1912 VOL. xxv. No.9. Old Series New Series Signs of the Times THE FURTHER NEWS FROM KOREA and then the church decided to d@ Japanese do not seem to show without officers. Such procedure looks like persecution of Christians, any disposition to remedy the evils not like an effort to stop a con- spiracy." connected with the imprisonment of The trial is now in progress and at Korean Christians. They deny the present, from a public standpoint everything is quiet but conditions are charge that the prisoners are sub- very serious. The testimony extorted from prisoners by torture fills many jected to torture, but the evidence is thousand pages, and, of course, will be used to prove a conspiracy and to too strong to be set aside by any incriminate the missionaries if possi- ble. general denial on the part of those If there were any conspiracy most interested. What the Koreans among Christians the sensible way for the Japanese to deal with it would and the missionaries ask is a fair be to secure the cooperation of the missionaries in winning loyalty and deal with trial in open court and per- insuring the support of Korean Christian leaders. The missionaries mission to employ attorneys for the might do much to secure the loyal obe- dience of Christians to Japanese laws accused. Our latest communication .and might agree to discourage any seditious organization or movements. from those who know the facts was But the method of wholesale impris- onment and torture is tyranny and is not trusted to the Japanese mail, but calculated to alienate all those who might be the strongest allies of was sent out of the country by the righteousness and good government.

hand of a traveler.

"Some of the prisoners have gone insane from the torture inflicted by the Japanese in order to extort con- fessions. They tie the thumbs be- hind the back and string the victim up; or they crush their knuckles in a machine or plunge their arms into unbearably hot water and threaten them with hot irons. In one church they arrested all the officers, and when new ones were elected these were arrested. This was done twice The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOR. Japanese heathenism seems to have were suspected of being affected by the upper hand of Japanese civiliza- disloyalty and of being sympathizers tion and intelligence. with and abettors of anarchy. Gradu- ally it seems to have become the THE FUTURE EDUCATIONAL POLICY prevalent opinion of even educated FOR KOREA Japanese, that socialism is the child of Christianity and that none can be THE Japanese Government an- a Christian and a good, loyal subject nounces a broad educational of the Emperor of Japan at the same time. Thus, the attitude of the Japapolicy in Korea's elementary and high nese, people as well as government, schools, laying special emphasis upon has not been as friendly to Christianthe acquirement of the Japanese lan- ity as in former days. gllage, tho not ignoring the Korean. Christian mission schools have bee!l At the same time the government classified as private schools and special 1:>egan to favor Shintoism, which was regulations issued for their control, restored to its old place as the rean important thing since these schools ligion of the nation, Buddhism as have more than 30,000 pupils. well as Christianity being ignored. An ordinance was issued to treat The government leaves higher edu- Shinto priests as demi-officials, and cation entirely to the Christian forces, Shinto shrines were to be repaired which thus have an important task at government expense. The Debefore them because the students are partment of Education issued instruceager for higher education. Union tions, almost in direct violation of the educational efforts of the Methodists constitution, that the children in the and Presbyterians have proved suc- primary schools were to be taken cessful already in a union medical to the temples at feasts and other training school and a union Bible stated intervals, and were to be school at Seoul. Therefore it is now obliged to make obeisance before proposed to establish under mission- the tombs of national heroes and their ary auspices a strong union institu- ancestors, while a Shinto shrine was tion of collegiate grade for Korea. to be installed on the school premises. It is true that Shintoism was de- CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN clared to be a "patriotic cult" and not a "religion," but, after all, the pur- FOR some time after the Russo- pose of the government to favor Japanese war it seemed as if the Shintoism was clearly seen. Both Buddhists and Christians opposed the Japanese Government was most fa- government to efforts with detervorably inclined toward Christianity, mination. and many thought that the Christian religion might become the official re- Then came a change of cabinet, in ligion. A remarkable change in the August, 191I, and soon it was anattitude of the government suddenly nounced that the government would took place, however. Christians were summon a conference of the repremade to feel that, while their re- sentatives of Shintoism, Buddhism ligious liberty is secured by the con- and Christianity, and that one object stitution, they are by no means personae gratae to their rulers. They

OF THE

of the conference was to bring aoout and education, and bring about hara "rapprochement" of these religions mony among them." with a view to making them a potential power to help forward the prog- That the conference was notable ress of the nation. No attempt to and pregnant with consequences is unite the adherents of the several the general opinion in Japan. The religions in one body, still less to acknowledgment of the necessity of establish a new religion, was to be religion as tbe basis of national made. morals and education is a step of immense importance; and the official At this conference, a committee of recognition of Christianity as rank· three, Shintoist, Buddhist and Chris- ing on terms of equality with the tian, recommended the following joint ancient religions of Japan will probresolution, which was passed unani- ably cause large accessions to the mously: Christian churches of Japan. But we dearly see behind the conference the "It is our understanding that the dangers threatening the church's witpurpose of the Government, in con- ness vitally. There is danger not vening a conference of representa- only of the fostering of a spirit of tives of the three religions is co- compromise and accommodation, but operation-each within its own proper the conference gave to the Christian sphere-of government, religion and Church merely the place of a departeducation, for the upholding of mo- ment for the prevention of social disrality and the betterment of social order. Christ is not merely an ethical conditions; that this purpose has due reformer and a healer of social ills. regard to the respect that properly The proceedings of the Japanese belongs to religion; and that so, Government reduced Him to the guarding and maintaining the pros- level of Shintoism and Buddhism. He perity of the Imperial Throne, the must be served as God the Son, and progress of the nation will be ad- perfect national morality will only vanced. Thus understood, the pur- follow where men know Christ and pose of the government is at one Him crucified and obey Him. Chriswith our own position; and with tianity and the religions of the East this understanding-the adherents of or of the West can not go hand in each religion holding fast to their hand. own convictions-we will strive to accomplish the great task of elevat- A BAPTIST PROCRAM FOR JAPAN ing the nation. We shall also expect the Government on its part to en- T HE American Baptists have an deavor to accomplish this purpose. important work in Japan and "We shall all endeavor, the adher- their attitude toward union work is ents of each religion practising their viewed with interest-especially as own doctrines and guarding and they are usually somewhat slow to maintaining the prosperity of the discount denominational differences Imperial Throne, to elevate the mo- and to adopt cooperative or federative rality of the nation. policies. At a conference of Baptist missionaries at Arima, Japan, June 2 "Those in authority, on their part, to 6, the subject of the mission plans should promote government, religion

was fully cOllsidereu. The following Ilis work there was remarkably blest, important resolutions were adopted: so that 100 men frankly declared their purpose to become preachers of the I. The Northern Baptists shall not with- Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To draw from any of the stations now occu- cherish and preserve the ideals of pied. these men, the "Volunteer Band" was organized. Out of this grew the 2. Work shall not be undertaken in any ·'Chinese Student Volunteer Move- new fields. ment for the Ministry," which was or- ganized by the delegates from over ten 3. Work in the present centers shall be provinces at the conference of the strengthened and gradually developed to Student Young Men's Christian Asso- the highest degree of efficiency. ciation, held at Pei Fungchow, in 19IO. The objects of the movement 4. A net increase of 2S per cent. in the are to bind together those students missionary force within the next five years who plan to enter the ministry, to en- is requested. list others, and to associate together for mutual helpfulness while prepar- 5. A committee of five shall prepare and ing for this life-work. Membership present at the next conference a compre- is restricted to students over eighteen hensive policy. years of age who have entered the higher schools or colleges and expect Definite action was taken looking to graduate. The watch-word adopted forward to union with other denomin- is "The Evangelization of Our Mother ations in certain lines of work. Un- Country and the World in This Genion work in higher education for men eration," and each member signs the and women was approved. A language pledge, "It is my purpose, if God percourse prepared by a union committee mit, to give my life to the Christian was adopted. By this the new mis- ministry." The movement is an insionaries of all denominations adopt- tegral part of the Student Young ing the course are put through three Men's Christian Association of China years of carefully superintended and therefore of the World's Student study of the Japanese language. Christian Association.

These are steps in the right direc- Pastor Ding Li Mei became the first tion but there are others pointing traveling secretary of the Volunteer toward closer union and cooperation Movement, and as such he has visited that are demanded by good Christian most of the Christian colleges of generalship. China. His influence, by the help of God, has caused Christian students in CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEER large numbers to volunteer for the ministry, while at the same time many I MOVEMENT others have been led to take the first N 1909, Pastor Ding Li Mei, the step toward entering the Christian consecrated Chinese laborer of the life. Some of the volunteers have Presbyterian Church, having felt already entered upon their life-work called to leave the local pastorate and are now in the ministry. Others within the bounds of the Central Presbyterian Mission, began to visit all the churches of Weihsien and Tsinanfu in his native province of Shantung. After two months of evangelistic work which stirred the hearts of his audiences, he arrived at Shantung Union College, established jointly by the Presbyterian and Baptist Missions.

are in the seminaries. Three of the should be young till thirty-three, largest seminaries have groups of col- mature till sixty-six, and old, very old, lege graduates studying in them for at ninety-nine. Actually, however, the first time, while one new theologi- early marriages, the struggle for ex- cal seminary for students of college istence and the penalties of paganism grade has been founded. have shortened their life expectancy for all periods to as little or even less THE CHANGES IN CHINA than twenty-five years. Formative influences are all in before thirty- O N January I, 1912, the Chinese three. Productive output is finished official1y changed their New Year before sixty-six. Rapid decline and from February 18 to January I, from certain death are inevitable before the lunar to the solar year, to con- ninety-nine. Hence a fuIl century form to the Christian way of reckon- gives wide limits for three generations ing. The people celebrated the New in China. Therefore the missionaries Year on the date of February 18 this in China .are now face to face with year for the last time. the fomth generation. How little has been accomplished, after all. The queue has been worn in China since r644. To-day none are to be PAN·KONGO MISSIONARY seen in the cities on the coast and CONFERENCE very few even in the interior. The government officials used to have high FOR the last ten years it has been sounding names and titles. To-day they are called by the simple title of the custom of Prot~stant mission- Mister. aries working in the Kongo to meet together once every two years for Twenty years ago the missionaries mutual help. The Pan-Kongo Misscarcely dared to go near the heathen sionary Conference which met at Botemples in Kiung-chow. Now they lenge last October, was attended by are permitted to take pictures of both 45 white people and more than 1,000 the buildings and the idols within Christian natives. The meetings were them. These idols were worshiped deeply spiritual and very important by the people for centuries, some of questions were discust, among them them coming down from before the the opening of a union hospital Christian era. N ow many temples to combat the sleeping-sickness and have been raided, the idols have been the founding of an efficient industrial broken and cast into the streets, school by all societies at some while the people looked on, quite in- central point. The latter was condifferent to their fate. sidered practical, and it was de- cided that the societies should unite in Within a period of thirty-three founding an industrial school on a years all the children have been born large scale, to be managed and finin a Chinese family. Inside of sixty- anced independently by Christian six years most Chinese adults have business men. A special committee died. In ninety-nine years the entire was appointed to bring this matter to personnel of a Chinese community the notice of the different societies. has changed. An official, business or The questions of "how best to reach working career seldom exceeds thirtythree years. Thus, idea.lly a Chinese

adult women" and of girls' boarding- eties, which was composed of official schools were also thoroughly discust, delegates from a number of missionand a continuation committee was ap- ary societies in Great Britain and Ire· pointed for the next two years to land and afforded a valuable means bring to pass, if possible, some of of consultation upon questions of the things discust and found desir- general missionary policy, but a conable by the majority. ference similar to the one in America was established only in answer to the The conference proper was fol- urgent appeals of the Edinburgh lowed by a gathering of native preach- World :Missionary Conference of 1910 ers from Longa, Lotumba, Monieka, for closer cooperation of all existing and Bolenge–stations of the Foreign missionary agencies. The first con- Christian Missionary Soclety-and ference of Missionary Societies of from some stations of the Kongo Ba- Great Britain and Ireland was held 1010 Mission. In all there were some at York in 1911. It was such a splen- 300 present and the meetings were did success that it became an easy crowded. One of the most interest- matter to arrange for the second coning visitors at this conference was ference, which was held at Swanwick, the director of the Belgian Protestant Derbyshire, from June 12 to 14. This Mission, Pastor Anet, for the people was well attended, Dr. Wardlaw had never before seen a Belgian who Thompson, of the London Missionary was not a Roman Catholic or an Athe- Society, and Rev. C. C. B. Bardsley, ist! When Pastor Anet mentioned in of the Church Missionary Society, his address that there are 30,000 acting as alternate chairmen for the Protestants in Belgium, the hearers sessions. The standing committee, were amazed beyond measure. In the appointed at York, reported on the evening of the Lord's Day a Christian various matters committed to it, while Endeavor Rally was held. It was de- a session was devoted to the considercided to have a roll-call of languages, ation of cooperation between men and each to respond with one verse of a women. A wide variety of important song and the Lord's Prayer. There matters was discust and a great dewere 13 responses. sire for increased efficiency in all branches of the work was manifested, CONFERENCE OF MISSIONARY SO· the lively .and keen discussions add- CIETIES OF GREAT BRITAIN ing much to the general interest. The AND IRELAND spiritual element was not neglected, the devotional addresses leading the WHILE the executive officers and members of the conference into the members of the Foreign Mis- very presence of the Master, causing new consecration of heart and life, sion Bo.ards of the United States and and showing dearly the essential of Canada have been meeting regularly all service, a great love for the Master in annual conference for twenty years, and for souls. Thus the conference the Foreign Missionary Societies of was a great blessing. Great Britain and Ireland did not have a similar conference until 1911. There was the Secretaries' Association of the British Missionary Soci-

ALLEN, THE MAN WHO SEEDED

BY REV. WILLIAM ELIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., ITHACA, N. Y. AuthQr of "The Mikado's Empire," uKorea. the Hermit Nation,.' f!tc..

~T.. HER E is something people. To-day hundreds of reform- ers, statesmen, leaders, patient toilers, about pioneering that and sons of salvation revere his name, own his inspiration, and salute ill generates power. The memory "the missionary statesman." After forty years of work battling facing of difficulties and the overcoming of ~ ~ them breed increase of strength in the victor. The man who against untruth, superstition, idolatry initiates and perseveres gains a vigor and wrong, he had but a week's sickthat is often lacking in the mere fol- ness. Then, like Nicanor, but in a lower in the ruts. No wonder the better cause, he "lay dead in his harpoets glow with such a theme ! Walt ness."

Whitman has a glorious poem on Let us see whether he had a "soft Pioneers; Matthew Arnold's verses snap," and an easy seat, or whether on "Rugby Chapel" are inspiring; the Lord "tempted" him, as he did Whittier has sung the song of the Abraham, to see what was in him, and man who drives the plow share deep, whether he would yield to fear, or making furrows out of which truth unfaithfully shirk the task, or throw may spring and grow. off the burden.

Young J. Allen, missionary of the To God and his ancestry, Young J.

Methodist Episcopal Church South, Allen owed a physical constitution of in which his name is a household tremendous vigor and a brain capable word, was a pioneer in China. He of prolonged labors. His father, a rose from strength to strength. Yet scholar and a schoolmaster, died a often before this, did he wrestle with few weeks before, and his mother the fleet angel of opportunity and be- three days after his birth, Jan. 3d, came victor with God. All his life 1836, in Burke County, Ga., so that he had a genius for opening out of the baby boy, tho left with a patri- his disappointments gMeways into mony, must needs be reared by others, new vistas, finding in every fresh ex- his aunt and uncle being as father perience blessings in disguise. And all and mother to him.

along his path to grumble was his So far from orphanhood being a last idea. He chose and found his handicap, the grateful native Chrisown line of work and asked no other tians, whom he served so long and blessedness than the joy of constant well, used to say that God had made service. Through the pen and press, him for China and it warmed their he seeded all China, so that men read faith to believe this. How strangely in their own language the wonderful related to this fact is the life of S.

works of God. He mastered the 'Veils Williams, another of the makers tongue and script by which he might of the New China, who, when a nursreach 300,000,000 souls. He was ling and carried in his aunt's muff, in numerous ways the "beginner of was tipped over in a sleigh by a runa better time" and was pathfinder in away horse and lost in the snow. The many good things. He founded the value of the muff had something to first newspaper in Chinese for the do with the lady's resolve to return

and seek the lost, and so the baby happy and useful life in the homeland boy was recovered for China. to go off to China"! And yet the Christ's command to go and make dis- Young Allen's education was at ciples was 1,800 years old and Georgia schools,-at Starrsville, Oxford and was Christian! On the other hand, La Grange, Ga., and at Emory and the China of 1868 was proud, unsocial Henry College, Va.; but at Emory and hermit. She acknowledged none College, Oxford, Ga., he studied four of her children abroad. Once away, years and was graduated in 1858. Allen joined the Methodist conference MRS. YOUNG ]. ALLEN' in October, 1858, at Columbus, Ga. When the call for volunteers was they were outcast. No legations or made, he offered himself as a mission- consulates then! It was Japan's deary to China and was accepted. fiance of Peruvian coolie, or slave trade in 1874 and the setting of the What a high honor! When there captives under the hatches free, that was no money in the treasury to pay woke China up to the duty of prohis passage, even in a small sailing tecting her people. ship that would go "round the Horn" and, after seven months of discomfort, From New York, in December, land him and his wife in China, where 1859, the seven months voyage on a the work would be hard and the sal- small ship was, except in calms, one ary small always and at times uncer- continual roll. There was no other tain. It was like being "left" a for- way of getting to the Middle Kingtune-which one must himself earn. dom then, and this craft was not a "clipper." Many were the storms, So out Young Allen started, to but Mr. Missionary never for a mopreach in northern Georgia and to beg ment wilted, involuntarily sought the funds. Yet n0 better !lchool for studying human nature-on its pocket side-.:-exists than that of playing the role of Lazarus. Wealthy friends told the young man that they would give him nothing to send him out, but if he went to China and sickened of his job, or wanted to return home, they would send him money.

What cheer! The weakling might have wavered, but not this Georgia Gideon. It was his first grapple with odds, and he won. The cash for passage was secured. Even then, ladies and gentlemen with full pocketbooks did not even come to the railway station to see the young enthusiast and his bride and baby off. "The fool" they said and thought, "so young a man with plenty of money, lots of friends, and every prospect for a MEMBERS OF THE SHANGHAI CON}'ERENC£ OF 1877) WHO RAD TlIEN BEEN LABORING IN CHINA FOR MORE THAN TEN YEARS taffrail, or lay flat once, except to gems. God made, through her, this nap or at night. The landsman proved stormy voyage .a shining pathway for not only a good sailor, but a good sea the sick and. the weary. How? student. In his "home on the rolling eIeep," he read Butler's Analogy, till lVIrs. MOissionary, in her marine he knew it almost by heart, church woes, instead of being angry with history, and feasted on other solid Providence, or her husband, made a meats of literature. vow even better than Jonah's and far more altruistic. If the opportunity Far otherwise was it with Mrs. Mis- ever came to her of being kind to sionary, Allen's wife, nee Miss Mary anyone from off the sea, she would Houston. Vith scarcely an hour of spare not herself. So, in those early comfort, weak and ill, she was taken clays, when there were no hospitals, ashore at Hongkong in a litter, with hotels or boarding-houses in Shanghai, her baby. We do not know about she took in many a sick missionary MI·s. Antaeus, of mythology, ancl and nursed him or her through illwhether she received new vigor every ness to health. One of these grateful time she, like her husband, touched patients was my classmate, William the earth; but Mrs. Missionary, once Ament. 011 terra firma, revived quickly. She lived to be a fountain of constant How do these missionary wives and strength to her husband and, besides mothers manage to accomplish what bearing nine children, outlived him. they do? I have often heard women Like her yokefellow, she learned the wonder at what men were able to pearl-oyster's secret of transmuting achieve. To me-and experience is the grit of irritation into precious wedded to observation-the wonder grows that the "helpmeet"- was there

12 ] YOUNG J. ALLEN, THE MAN WHO SEEDED

MEM BERS OF THE MISSIONARY CON FERENCE AT SHANGHAI, IN 1877, WHO HAD THEN' BEEN LABORING LESS THA N TEN Yt.:AKS IN CHINA ever a better name for a good wife? There are all sorts ~f mi ssionaries . – can "run" the house, bear, nurse, Some are sentimental tourists at the and rear a family of children, often expense of th e churches-but few of be the sel ecter, purchaser, bookkeeper, them, let us hope. Others are true guardian of the household, and-how colonists. No real colonist plants the admiring student and worker with the expectation of returning gloats over this-·protect her husband home, unless forced to do so. Allen in his study from intrusion, enabling came to China for life. Presto ! the him to make the victory of work ac- war between the States broke out, complished sure. God bless the good and all communication, including salwives and especially the missionary a ry, was at once cut off. During women! several sad years, it was hard work to hold the mission together, even It is not for the writer to violate tho Dr. Lambeth, father of the presprivate confidences; but, in his hum- ent bishop and hi s devoted wife , ran ble opinion , that striking personality the blockade and joined them, later and those forty-seven years o f effec- going to Japan ; and tho for awhile tual toil for China's millions given by Rev. Marcus vVoods labored, return- Young J. Allen would not have had ing home never to see China again. their fuln ess and efficiency, save for Nevertheless, wl1en offered a place and the "helpmeet." All glory to God the salary under the Methodist Episcopal Giver! We have scripture authority Church North, Allen loyally deClined fo r saying that "a good wife is of the with thanks. A fter the war, the of- Lord", and that, concerning her hus- fi cial word was that the impoverished band, "she will do him good and not southern church, unable to send men evil, all th e days of her life."

llISStUNARY REVIEW OF TilE WOHLD ISeptcl1luer

or 1110IlCy, 111USt ahandon the China biuliography! Twt:nty-four histories mission. Despite all obstacles, ~llen 's of as many countries, Vorld's llook answer to his church, his soul, his peo- of Dates, itlas of the world. with ple, and his Gael was that of William 25,000 names, Primers of Science, the Silent, in his darkest hours: "I Ar111it:s of Great N atiuns, Statesman's will maintain." Year Book, besides editing, from [878 to T88r, a weekly news gazette for The Chinese Govef1l11lent. stnng by mandarins and many other works and humiliating wars, was waking uJl, and special articles. having established a school for interpreters, wanted a teacher of English. Arriving home at quarter to tive, Through Dr. V. :. 1'. Martin, 1lIe11 he took a CllP of tea in the dininglVas appointed at a small salary, for room with his family. This over, he there was then no other way of pro- disappearecl into his study, where with viding bread. A year or two of this his two Chinese assistants, as faithwork proved his value, so that the ful as they were scholarly and wise, Government secured his services to he workecl on his two periodicals untranslate books as well as to teach, til seven o'clock. Then at dinner and and at a larger salary. Vith the eye after, with his growing family, he of faith that brings nigh the triumph, would stay until nine, and then return Allen began at Ol1ce, investing every to his study to work llntilmiclnight or spare cent £rOlF his stipend in founel- one o'clock. Allen seemed to keep ing the first Chinese newspaper (If'an one lobe of his brain for IVen-Ii and K ah K UllY Paa, or Review of Times) the other for ]iandarin. Such was his ever published in China, which gave wonderful power of concentration, the news of the world. It was wril- that he would first dictate to his ten in high Ven-li or classical style, Chinese scribe an article in the one which most intelligent natives could style, ar:d while this Son of Han was easily reae!. A t the same time, be putting this in correct form, Allen issued in the :Iandarin, or national would tl1rn to the other, and, on an dialect. a periodical for Chinese Chris- entirely different subject dictate an tians-both at his own expense. editorial in Mandarin. Knowing the Shanghai colloquial a1most like a na- Then began that life-long discipline tive, he preached one evening a week of daily toil that in time roused mil- in the church of Chinese believers in lions of brains into new activity and the "compound" near his house and hearts to thrill with new emotions. on Sunday labored as factotum-that Allen, like a living pendulum, vibrated is, morning Sunday-school sl1perindaily "from business to Bethel." from tendent, preacher, twice a clay, home to arsenal, fr0111 translating and besides acting also as clerk and teaching to book writing amI editorial welcomer. He was on duty without work, with almost the regularity of a day's sickness during twellty-seven the rolling earth and the sun's appar- years. Short vacations helped to keep ent round. At 8 o'clock a. m., he him tOlled up. He took llone in sumstept into the sedan chair earriecl by mer, but only at the Chinese New two strong natives. At the arsenal Year when even Chinese do 110t work. he spent four hours daily in teaching and four at translating. Behold the I met Allen in Japan during Febrtt-

H)T 2] YOU Nt, J ALLEN, THE AlAN WITO SEEDED

ary, 1871 , Three of us-th is stal- exchanged epistles, and photographs, wart, long-legged, jolly fellow, albeit a Allen's white heart] swept his breast retined, Christian, gentleman; an Eng- almost to the waist, but the undimmed lish fr iend and the educational pioneer eye betokened outwardly one of his in feuelal J apan–and we ram bled in strongest inward traits-the gift of all the joy of first vision over the hills prophecy. He saw, fro111 afar, changaround Yokohama, through the vil- ing China, and the glorious opportunilages and along the strand of :Iissis- ties, and when the psychic moment sippi Bay. In Tokyo on horseback, came, "he himself knew what he we saw the sights, urban and sub- would do." To interpret God and the THE r<pU S H_M";>.r CAR n I N CHI~A-A MISSION.'l.l{Y S U BSTlTL'TE FOi{ THE "PULLMAN"

urban and the New Year's festivities, movements of his Providence to China according to the old almanac, every – that was Allen 's calling ane! joyful sense tingling in the keen winter air work. Shall we call it the "gift of and sunshine_ Vhile tllrilled with prophesy" as in the Old Testament the glories of God's masterpiece of seers? Or, was it the "old experience" beauty- Japan-and longing for the that "doth attain to something of new spiritual realms, we prayed prophetic strain?" However we may for the clay when the One Father, make answer-it is one: instance of creator of all, would be recognized many sl1ch—when the cloud of Boxers and loved. On horse again, we rode southward, exploring those scenes of rose out of the sea, no bigger than a Nippon's medieval glory which center man's hand, he predicted its sweep ill Kamakura. At night, we bivou- and desolation, when others laughed acked on the floor in a Japanese hotel. at the idea.

vYhen in the twentieth century we Young J. Allen was rearly at any time to put on again the missionary

A CHINESE FAMILY IN SZCHUEN, CHINA harness–at much less salary and vast- as its president and educating in that ly greater worry. Vhile salaried by period 2,000 Chinese youths within its the Chinese for secular labors, he was walls. Thus with his printing press paying the wages of native evangelists "he opened two fOllntains in the and preachers. I-row could he do that desert." Not content with this, he on the Board's dole? The Chinese is some years afterward, with Miss quite equal to his American brother Laura Haygood, founded the Home in dearly loving the dollar. When, and School for native young ladies, therefore, other missionaries, seeing daughters of the gentry and mandarchiefly or only that lucre-loving trait ins, who were able to pay all expenses which makes the whole world, includ- for the education, in Chinese and Enging the American and Chinese part lish, of their daughters. It is imposof it, kin, opposed the idea of teach- sible to measure the good influence of ing English to native lads-lest they this school which is still in active opershould use their knowledge, as most ation. In time Chinese mothers were of us do, to line our purses-Allen willing even to trust their daughters did not deny the unity of the human to be educated in Japan. Allen was race and the solidarity of mankind. also active in helping to found the Chinese and American human nature, Methodist Printing Press and the was indeed one, but he belived eJuca- Swatow University. tion in English would benefit rather than injure the Church. So, despite Allen's idea was ever to help the opposition which was serious at times, Chinese to help themselves. He behe established the Anglo-Chinese Col- lieved that foreign missionaries should lege in Shanghai, serving many years work for the nation and that the task of evangelization should he committed

12] YOUNG J. ALLEN, THE MAN WHO St:EDTID CHINA

to the native Christians. Sometime the entire empire. previous to Kaug Yu Wei's presence It was about the year 1881, that in Peking, and before the Empress Dowager showed the tigerish side of Dr. Allen was recalled to the service her nature, Allen cooperated with a of his Church, in which he continued lJ1andarin to organize a school for na- until the day of his death. While tive girls. It was supported entirely superintendent of the mission and havby the Chinese"-the only one of its ing care of all the churches and difkind then in existence-and his daugh- ferent schools, he discontinued the ter Mary became its principal. But publication of the two periodicals, for soon, the heads of reformers fell in a he had neither the time nor the money shower, reminding one of our own for the task. Soon, however, seeing ancestral Tudor activities in the Tower the great need and opportunity he, of London. During the Boxer riot, with others, Rev. Dr. Alexander Wilthe Empress sent down a Peking man- liamson-how well I remember his darin to close the schoo!. However, towering form-and Rev. Timothy the dragon's teeth of this modern Richards, who is still active, founded Jason in China had been sown and that agency which has been such the crop could not be destroyed. Now, a tremendous factor in the seeding there are schools for girls over almost of the old and the making of the new China-the Society for the Dif- AN OLD TIldE NATIVE CHfNESE SCHOOL fusion o f C hristian and Genel'al the newly founded or, rather revived. Knowledge among the Chin ese, and Iilagaz ines. 1'jlC NC'; 'i ,H' of tlr c Ti mes now called the Christian I-iteratnre and The llIissioll11r}, H e'c'if',l', and with Society. At tbe great conferencc of these went the preparati on of books 1877- a landmark in Ch ina' s mi ss ion- ill every line of stimu lu s anel informaary history- a committee had bee n ap- ti011-in a word, th e creati on both of pointed, of which with others, Drs. the literature of kn o wl edge and the literature of row er. The principal W. A P. Martin, and Y. J. A lle11 were iclea in view was to m ake known throughout the empire the Gospel and Y…LU:': l KIN, M,D. the fundamentals of th e ciy il ization 01 the West. Book s on every enlight- Fi l'st Chin ese lady educated in .merica f o r a. e ning subj ect, Chri sti ani ty bei ng the physicia 11 central them e, I'ere p ri nt ed by 111)'- ri ac:-;. The printing press . reinforced members, to prepa rc a serIes o f school cbicfl), through ~Ir. Camble, by elecbook s ane! the "Diffu sion Soc iety," tricity and new inventions. such as popularl y so named, was th e Otlt- the Chinese type case now in general growth o f this action. The obj eet usc. poured forth lit er atme in streams, was to "strike for the enlightenment but the demand was ever greater than of the hi gher classes, especially the tile supply. The pelletra tion o f the officials." Elsewhere differen t m eth- I hole a tmosphere of popula r thought ods might work as well, bu t Cbina is in China, Japan and Korea and among preeminently the land of letters anel the Chin ese in jmeri ca and Hawaii , I eaders. The pathway to the under- Vas as the aqu eou s vapo r that gathstanding of " those who actually hold us for precipitation in the form of th e key to the h earts o f th e masses" ~·ho wers. A s we all know, th e storms, is ()ne lined with printer's ink. Dr. both of destruction anc! reconstruc- . ;l1en was ca ll ed tn the editorsh ip o[ tion , broke in 191 I.

Before the year T907, besides l1n- cou nted editorials, Dr. Allen wrote, compiled, or translated nearly 250 volumes in Chin ese. It was quite coml11on for manda r in s a nd province governors, when on their way to or fro m Peking, to call n n Dr. A llen for advice, information, or stimulus. Among those ref orm er s, who have gladly confest the supremacy of in- fluence in making them work for the new China was Kang Yu Wei. Of Dr. Allen's pupils and readers besides tbose serving as foreign and cabinet ministers and in the home service of the government, there are now thou- sands who are living Christian lives and leavening the new Chinese lump miles around Shanghai. There were of which so 1111ch is hOJled and ex- no inJls in the villages, but ill shops pected. and tea hotlses sandwiching his blan- ket IJctween his own corporation and How Allen got such a mastery of the table or floor, vith the leather sadspoken as well as written Chinese bas cHe bags as pillow, he slept like Jacob heen a puzzle to many. Perhaps the when he found not only welcome, but simple facts, when stated without e111- many a Bethel, glorious with divine ]wlhshment, furnish the best clue. It promise. Thus preaching and talking was so like hi,m to pluck a lily from to the people, gaining his vocabulary among the thorns, amI. to make a and syntax out of their mouths, with ,eeming discouragement the means to HOUSEBOATS ON THE :RIVER FHONT AT KING PO, CHIKA a blessing! Scarcely had he been in due shi fting and selection, he became Shanghai a year, before he was smit- one of the best speakers as well as ten with opthalmia, in so severe a writers of the tongue both of the peoform that he could not use his eyes.' ple and of the sages. It would re- Did he stop work or loaf? Not he. quire an article even to tell of his The language he wanted to learn did books, but that entitled "China and not lie in books only, nor was eye- ber Neighbors" perhaps had most to strain needed to win it. Its true foun- do with rousing official China, while tain was in the mouths of the people. his "vVoman in all Lands" (twenty- All he needed was patience, goocl na- one volume, octavo and fully illusture, alert ears, and a tongue. So trated) wrought mightily for the new with a nag, a blanket, and a pair of China in which woman is honored. saddle bags, he started out in the open At the direct and urgent call of the air, in the territory then permitted to Chinese, he wrote in Chinese a tme foreigners-a radius of twenty-jive and honest history (If the war with

Japan. How to condense three lives into Not all the incidents of his life were one was Dr. Allen's constant study. In order to travel by night and save overpoweringly serious. He had ex- time, he bought, when he was able, 'l periences enough of riot and the tur- boat and utilized the numerous river bulence of mobs, indeed; but, also of ways and the network of canals in those little jokes, which afford interior north China. mirth to every preacher who is human and not wholly wooden, or whose He magnified his office. On his mind is a tissue only of text books last visit home, he was urged to acand traditions. At times he spoke cept the office of biShOp. With em- Chinese only too well. When begin- phasis, he declined to be a candidate, ning to preach, or trying to, when only telling his friends he could do more six months on the soil-and there is good in China. He crowned his work nothing like beginning- he had pro- by attending the Centennial Congressed in the nl0rning service as far ference of Missions in China, in 1907. as the scripture reading, which, un- He felt ill but a week, but he died w:th happily for him on that day only, was everything cleaned up, all debts paid, the fourteenth chapter of St. John. contracts fulfilled, books completed. Untroubled as to possible results, In the same week that he made up his either of the higher criticism or the magazines for May, he passed into the effect on untrained auditors, he enun- Master's presence. Verily, "a brave ciated so correctly the words, "Arise, man earns his death." The Allen let us go hence," that he was treated Memorial Chapel at Emory College to a surprize, for everyone in the con- and the living tablets of a myriad gregation immediately got up and grateful hearts in the new Central Rewalked out. It was most infelicitous public keep fresh his name. The to have the benediction thus previous Chinese proverb needs no comment or to the sermon and to learn how to explanation-lithe eagle's call is heard dismiss an audience before he could long after its form has disappeared call it back. beyond the mountains."

A VIEW OF MODERN CHINA-TROLLEYS IN SHANGHAI

j1ISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN J~PAN *

D"I T is to the spirit of Emperor, so general among all classes. Jesus that we are to ac- Tho Shinto has been proclaimed of- . credit most of what is cially no religion, it is still powerful among illiterates. Its shrines are reg- morally superb in the istered and guarded by the Govern- ment, and funds are liberally supplied new Japan" wrote Dr. for their upkeep and the pay of the priests. In each school there is a vVilliam Eliot Griffis a shrine-like receptacle for the picture of the Emperor, and the awe and revfew years ago. erence displayed during the reading of the Imperial Rescript and other func- The establishment of a system of tions make it impossible for the West- ern mind to understand why Shinto hospitals, a Red Cross Society, a is not a religion, Government procla- mations notwithstanding. But, howiV-oman's University, a Peace Confer- ever denominated, Shintoism must be considered a strong influence in hardence, and the freedom of the press, ening the hearts of the illiterate classes against foreign ideas, and in may he traced directly or indirectly, strengthening such valued ideals as loyalty and patriotism. to the influence of Christianity and The comparatively new sect of Tencould never have originated with riko was originally merely a subsect of Shinto. At one time its ceremon- Shinto, Buddhism, or the Government ies were of such a scandalous char- acter that the Government was about alone. to forbid their practise, but the leaders, taking warning, eliminated Christian philantrophy, the example the worst features and it is now recog- nized as a separate religion. It is esof Christian believers and the influ- timated that one in ten among the people belongs to this sect. On the ence of the Christian homes of Japan surface its teachings seem to incul- cate high morals resembling biblical have proven potent forces in the moral principles, with a mixture of faith- healing. Merit is to be gained by the purification of the country, hut have surrender of earthly possessions to the Church, and while many are frightnot removed the hindrances to mis- ened off by this demand for their money, numbers of guileless souls are sionary work. In fact new difficulties attracted by its teachings of kindness to others. and like doctrines, and work have arisen with the new era. hard for its extension.

The Empire is in a disturbed and unsettled state concerning religion; something new and attractive is sought that will appeal to the major- ity of the people but it would be ex- treme to say that there is any general leaning toward Christianity. In many parts of the country a growing oppo- sition is manifested, owing to the be- lief that Christianity propagates so- cialism, and socialism is a bug- hear which the Japanese Govern- m('nt is endeavoring to suppress with almost tyrannical measures.

There IS a fear in official cir- cles that such Christian doctrines as the value of each human soul and a tlniversal bJ;'otherhood of man would destroy reverence for the rulers of the country, and the deification of the ->C CumlJiled frolll f3l'ls gathen'd by Dr. A. T. Iliel"son on his visit to Japan in 1910-11.

"The earnestness and apparent sin- Buddhism from the practical side and cerity of some of the followers of to study it in the concrete as it lies in this faith is one of the really the peuple's mind, are at unce adrift pleasant features connected with it. for lack of intelligent guicles, or any- I f such a spirit can be maintained, thing substantial to lay hold on. and at the same time more light let in, then this religion may prove less Among other forces opposed to of a hindrance to the Gospel and more the Gospel is the class which rejects an introductory phase, whose excel- all religions and thinks to develop the lencies and defects shall finally lead highest character in man by mere honest seekers after truth into the etl1cation plus moral training: those 'light of the knowledge of the glory who frankly object to the Christian of God in the face of Jesus Christ'." Cospel and attempt to finc! flaws in it; those who would make a new Buddhism and the many sects at- Cospel out of what appeals to them tached to it still overshadows all re- in Christ's message, combining with ligions in the Empire. The Christian it scraps of other religions, and lastly who attempts to study its mysteries a class which calls itself Christian, with the hope of refuting the doc- but which makes adroit appeals to trines will be baffled at the outset, "new learning" and by infusing a new owing to the general ignorance of its meaning into old and reverenced followers. The 1110st zealous and terms would deprive the Gospel of all earnest in observing its rites can 110t its true meaning. explain Buddhism. Each holds to it because it was the religion of his The attitude of a great body of the house, believing he would be guilty people toward any religion is one of of impiety toward his ancestors and indifference and even contempt. Busidisloyal to his family connections if ness, study, love for office, pleasure, he renonnced it for any other. Con- occupy the minds of the middle and sidering the myriad notions connected upper classes and it is clifficult to inwith Buddhism and the impossibility terest them in spiritual things. The for a human being to understand a illiterate masses are restrained by fear from accepting the religion of J eSWi til!1e of them, the general ignorance Christ, for the power of the priestof the followers of the faith concern- hooc! would be against them, and they ing its tenets is explaineJ. Dr. Inouye wOllld risk being ostracized by family Tetenjiro, a BudJhist free-thinker, and c0Il1111l1nity. Excessive deificahas this to say about the religion. "It tion of the Emperor, loyalty to counis a vast assemblage of inconsistencies try, alHl a deep-seated superstition, and contradictions gathered in one hatrecl for foreigners and any foreign Oburoshiki (big cloth wrapper) and religion are other causes for antagonout of the bundle anyone of them Ism. may be drawn to meet the particular need of the special occasion, but the Educated Japanese who travel in attempt to logically classify and un- Vestern lands often help to create a derstand them all is simply hopeless." distrust toward Christianity. "The Christian workers, therefore, who be- Vest has nothing to teach us" said a lieve it might be profitable to appmach Japanese gradtlate of Harvard on his return home, "in the way of religion.

1!j12J :-lISSI0N;RY P]{oDLEMS IN JAPAN

Anything else that is worth having, opposed to Christian missionaries and anI] we have 11ot, we will get in due refuses their help; errors which call time." 'I'll is man, of course, lacked for flat contradiction. But in spite spiritual insight CltH] only saw the evil of frequent denials of these conditions, on the surface in his travels in Vest- such mistaken beliefs seem to have ern lauds. "The carnal mind is at taken deep root in the home Church enlllity against (;0<1." and volunteers who might have added strength to the feeble forces in Japan In descrihing sot1le of the hindrances ask to be sent elsewhere. to the sprea(1 of the Gospel in Japan we must consider the attitude of the There is also a widespread notion Goyernment. lfissionaries often com- that Japan wants to flght America, tho plain that the Board of Education is missionaries assert that there is not carrying on an "underground" cam- the least trace of fact on which to paign against their work. "It pro- base this idea. and if it were true, poses to cultivate to the full its 'pa- they ask, is that a good reason why triotism' which mostly means Em- Christians should cease to be kind to peror-worship, conserving all old ideas that land? Others say that the J apanwhich tend to fierce nationalism and ese are strong enough to stand alone. which develops hatred of foreign peo- They can build battleships, let them ples and therefor foreign religions. build their OW11 churches. The native Christian ideals are supposed to run church is well started now, let them C011nter to these ideas, therefor, 'block do the rest. etc. The Japanese are init ail you can' is the secret determin- deed building houses of worship, but ation of those powers in control of not of the true God but of idols, hidtraining young minds. They even talk eous images. The Christian Church, of controling our Sunday-schools lest strong as its influence is over a large we therein undermine nationalism, part of the nation, is still too weak to and the way they plot to devise new stancl in the breach unaidecl. The laws which shall on their face look almost anti-pathetic attitude of the just. but which shall really operate to Church in the home lands has serihinder Christianity, is a very serious ously alarmed some of the missionarmatter. They have been largely com- ies who arc fighting against great odds pelled to yield to the Christian Schools with wholly inadequate forces. There of Tokyo because so open to the vieV~ is great need of a thorough awakening of foreign nations. It is in the interior of the people at home to the real conthat we suffer most from the opposi- ditions in the missionary field of tion of the Board of Education." Japan. The hour is one of crisis. In (Rev. R. E. ;fcAlpine.) the next few years the battle must be fot1ght that shall decide whether the The attitude of the people of the East is to be won for Christ or the churches at home is not encouraging. cause which He has blest sink into Japan, once the most popular of sub- insignificance. jects for a home audience, no longer, it is said, arouses any enthusiasm. A The Needs notion seems to prevail that Japan is civilized and needs no more foreign The 1110st important and imperative workers; that the native Church is need at present is to reach the rural

population which 11t1111bers at least the present. Lately we have anew seventy-five per cent of the Empire's surveyed our field and are ourselves 50,000,000. The miners, fishing- folk, astonished to discover what an awful shop-keepers and farmers have never percentage has thus been allowed to practically been touched by the Chris- lie fallow all these decades. And now tian Gospel. A systematic campaign we are calling for at least three times should be started to reach these classes our present force that we may go in separately, the methods of attack and possess the land in something like a(lapted to the character and needs of an efficient n1.anner."

the people in each division. A Christian University as the cap- Vhy, it may be asked, have the mis- stone of the present Academic and sionaries allowed such a large per- Collegiate courses is one of the great- centage of the population of Japan to est needs of the present time. Until remain ignorant of the Truth? there is such an institution the mis- The Rev. Robert McAlpine, whose sionaries say, educational work in the evangelistic work in Japan covers Empire will be greatly handicapped.

more than a quarter of a century, The Christian Schools do excellent makes this explanation: work, but as they stand isolated their "Condensed in one clause the an- sphere of usefulness is most con- ewer is 'lack of workers'; but some tracted. Vith proper equipment, and side-lights should be added. When properly led by a great Christian Uni- missionaries first carne to Japan and versity they would not be so out- for some thirty years afterward, resi- distanced by Buddhist and Govern- dence in the interior was forbidden, ment Schools; they could obtain the except under certain strict limitations removal of Civil and Military disabil- difficult to meet, and even to travel in ities under which they labor at pres- the interior required a special pass- ent; they would attract students in port each time. The result was that great numbers and the Empire might the decided majority of missionaries be won for God and His Truth.

located in the Treaty Ports and opened Vith some exceptions, missionaries work there-schools, chapels and are opposed to the establishment of churches. Vhen the interior was Medical Missions at present when opened there was a desire to enter the there are so many more imperative open door, but that must not be done needs and the money necessary to at the expense of abandoning the start such institutions could be much large enterprises established in the better employed. The Japanese are ports. There was an urgent call sent skilled physicians and very moderate home for reenforcements, and this call in their charges. Charity hospitals was repeated year after year, but the have been established and the Emperor thin stream of recruits that trickled and some wealthy citizens have given through to us was hardly large enough 1I1illions for the benefit of the sick to settle in the large prefectural cities poor. Vith so many open doors it is alone. Indeed our greatest hope then a question whether Medical Missions was to supply all these important cen- would warrant the necessary outlay, ters; this we considered the acme of altho they could accomplish much possibilities, and so it has been up to good in bringing those under treatment

MISSIONA]{Y 1'1WBLEMS IN

to a knowledge of the Great Physi- encouraging. During I!) lO ad tilts ano cian. children to the number of 10455 were The greatest demand is for reen- baptized. The increase in the Sunday- forcements. The Church in Japan is school e1uring the previous four years doing nobly but it is still too weak was 4,000. The total membership of to extend its field, to reach out to the the Church according to the last re- lllillions beyond who have never been port was, including preachers, proba- touched by the Gospel. The mission- tioners and baptized children, 13, I 35.

aries have plans, but numerically they The Oriental Missionary Society are a thin skirmish line where 1hel-e has reason to be proud of its record should be a solid column to make any in 1910 when about 4,000 souls turned lasting impression. They call for toward the Lord and several hundred helpers, the Japanese Church invites; were sanctified. The Eastern Church the people are largely willing to listen. in Japan was also blest during this What reply will the Christian lands year when I,IOO were baptized, mak- make to these appeals for money, for ing a total membership of 31,984.

volunteers? It is not the purpose of this article Progress to deal in statistics, but the examples ~Vhile there has been no sensational we have given, and which might be increase in the number of Christian multiplied, may serve to dispel the be- converts in Japan according to the lief that exists in some quarters that most recent statistics, a steady growth the forces for Christ in Japan are may be noted in many divisions of the standing still. A Japanese has com- Mission field that should hearten up pared the missionary body to an ele- those who have become pessimistic phant. It advances slowly, but carries and discouraged because the advance everything before it.

has been slow. The Kunti-ai which The Outlook ranks second in membership among Protestant denominations, baptized That less than two-fifths of one per over 1,600 adults during the year cellt. of the population of Japan are 1910, to which number must be added Christians anc! many of them only 129 in their Mission Churches, con- nominally so, is a matter for serious stituting a good ten per cent. increase reflection. But the issue involved is in the total membership. far greater than mere figures imply, The Japanese Y. M. C. A. reports or the difficulties of the task. Japan constant accessions; the combined sets the pace in the Orient and if by membership of its seventy-two any chance the nation should adopt a branches now numbering 7,000. The religion of its own making, a patch- Osaka branch alone in the month of work of old faiths, accepting only the June, 1911, enrolled 600 members. moral influences of Christianity The more thoughtful Japanese are re- (which some missionaries think quite joicing that the disreputable resorts possible), the entire East would be have such a formidable competitor affected and missionary progress as the Y M. C. A. would receive a shock from which it Reports of the work of the Method- might never recover.

ist Episcopal Church are in every way Let those at home appreciate the

6(14 l TllE "lISS[(LJ;]{Y l{I~Vll~W OJi THE WOl{LlJ

magnitude of the work that confronts Vhat will be the outcome of the the missions; that in J allan is iJeing present rennaisance in Japan? To the fO1ght a decisive battle which may optimistic the time seems especially determine for all time whether Chris- favorable for the advancement of tianity is to triul11ph or fail in the God's kingdom; when the people are Orient. The very greatness of the ,00 generally adopting 'estern ideas. issue at stake should serve to rouse Old faiths no longer satisfy the people the disconraged and apathetic to a of llew Japan, and the attempt to put sense of their responsibilities to God the new wille of Christian civilization and Christendom and inspire them into the old bottles of Shintoism and with fresh energy, resolution and ell- Buddhis11l m1st inevitably fail. Now. thusiasm. The cause that I [e has as never Lefore, the Christian forces blest must not fail for lack of faith should have courage and faith, for a and hope. There never was a time in large body of the people is in a rethe history of the Christian missions cepti ve state of mind, and it is only of Japan when unity of purpose and on a religious foundation that the concerted action were more demanded awakened nation can hope to Luild a than at present. greater anel a richer life.

THE RELIGIOUS PROBLEM IN JAPAN HE one central aIm of not meet the need that is felt for some finn amI acceptable basis of moralmT the be.allrocracy, or ity is seen by the proposition which men in control of the was made by Mr. Tokonami, the Vice GO'ernmen t affairs," :Iinister of Home Affairs in which is says Rev. S. L. Gulick, the proposal that there should be a D.D., "has been the joint meeting of the representatives exaltation of patriotism and loyalty of the three religions, Buddhism, Shinto the highest pitch of power and ef- toism and Christianity for the purpose ficiency. In the accomplishment of of effecting some union in the promothis it would substitute these for re- tion of religion and morality." ligion. JIr. Tokonami claims that his in- "To accomplish this, use has been tention was nothing else than to have made of the national school system representatives of the three faiths and the army anel navy; and for the meet together and to produce among last two decades this has been the the general public a stronger religious dominant idea in the spirit life of feeling; also to cause politics, educa- Japan. It is the outgrowth and evi- tion and religion to join together and dellce of a sincere but mistaken effort contribute their best to the general to meet some of the pressing needs progress. of the times by the provision of adequate ideals and sanctions for the new "·True national welfare," he said, national and moral life. That the ex- "is rooted in the life of the spirit. Realtation of Emperor veneration does ligion has its important contribution

12 ] THE RELIGiOUS PROBLEM IN JAI'A:-.l

to make to the progress of the State, attitude of the Government in empha- and political, educational and religious sizing the work of religious teachers forces should, in mutual respect, unite will do much to impress upon the to promote national moral life and minds of the people at large the improsperity. Accompanying the physi- portance of religion. There is no cal there must be the spiritual devel- more dangerous state of mind than opment." an utter ignorance of and indifference to the religious views of life. :Minds Mr. Tokonami spoke not his own given over entirely and exclusively convictions alone but those of a large to the material side of life, to the insection of Japan's leading men. He terest of temporal affairs, are bound would not be in his present high po- to give away at any great crisis in sition nor would he be allowed to life and lead to extreme acts, workmake this affirmation were he not ing harm all around. voicing as well the conviction of a substantial element in the Government. "We wish to plead," says the Ti11les, "for the necessity of religious train- "Such a proposal, coming from a ing for our people who have been Government representative, marks a overwhelmed under the new regime new era in the religious life of Japan, of the ':leiji era by the extreme secuand has aroused general and serious larism of these new leaders. attention. If it meets with approval tile result would be such a change in "As we look back at the total result 1he general condition of the cotlntry of the policy of building up a purely as would facilitate the work of Chris- secular system of national education tian evangelization to a remarkable we must say that in the matter of degree. In fact, there would come moral education the Japanese schools a new ;;pirit over the life of the nation have largely proved a failure. The and a new moral energy and noble sense of failure is felt, not only by the quality into all its activities. most serious minded of the educators themselves, but by all intelligent ob- This is just what has been contend- servers. We heartily commend the ed for by all Protestant Christians, scheme to all religious bodies." and it is refreshing to find one so influential in Government circles pro- According to a statement of Rev. pounding these principles which lie at 11r. Kozaki the plan of the Vice Minthe foundation of all 'Christian educa- ister of Home Affairs was referred tion in Japan and throughout the to a Cabinet meeting and approved by world. it; then the ,Tice iIinister went around to all the Elder Statesmen and got Hitherto the prominent leaders in their approval. Rev. Mr. Kozaki Japan have asserted that religion is adds: "We think there will be no dibut superstition, and the less of it the rect visible result. Still the indirect better. So general has been this idea result will be great. In the first place, that the educated classes have come pu blic recognition of the importance to be regarded as a non-religious peo- of religious instruction, hitherto alple, and a maj ority of these who have most ignored by the State, will be emspoken for the Government have said phasized. Om Goyernment and pubthat religion is needless. lic men, hitherto, have paid no atten- The Japan Times remarks that "the

tion to any religion whatever. Re- The appointment of Mr. Soroku ligion has been regarded as a sort of Ebara to the House of Peers is a new superstition, contriuuting nothing to and significant departure on the part the creation of good morals and the of the Japanese Government. Hither- maintainancc of good social customs. to, only snch persons were eligible for appointment to that hody as helonged "But now these views are to he to the peerage or paid a large and changed, and all religions are to he stipulated tax. treatcd with more respect than before. As to the status of Christianity it will Ebara has neither of these qualifi- receive public recognition, which cations, but has made a distingnished hitherto has been denied, and it will record as a Christian leader of great no longer be treated as a religion of influence. "In fact," says the Japan a foreign country. Times) "we know of no other Christian layman so active, so influential, and "'vVe believe that in the near future so highly respected as Mr. Ebara is a great interest will be awakened among his fellow believers. Mr. among our people, concerning religi- Ebara's appointment implies only a ous matters, especially concerning recognition of the good he has done Christian religion itself; and thus, the as a moral and spiritual leader. The cause of evangelistic work will be Government could not have demonthereby promoted much better than strated its fair and unprejudiced attibefore." tude toward Christianity in a stronger way than in the present appointment One of the Y. M. C. A. teachers in of Mr. Ebara." the Government school at Kagoshima writes: "Faith in the old gods is pass- The late Bishop Honda testified to illg; in fact is gone already except the change of feeling now manifest in the lowest classes. A most hopeful in so many ways in Japan as regards sign is that students from the Middle the incoming of Christianity. At School grade upward are reading and Nashinasuno, where special meetings thinking. I believe fully fifty per were being held, the school buildings cent. of these have Japanese Bibles, were thrown open for the meetings. and an encouraging number visit the At Kokubo large meetings were held foreign teacher or missionary to have in the Government Hall, to which it explained. Concerning opportunities Christians were invited. At one place, for Christian work, it is safe to say it is reported, the Provincial Assemthat where a little common sense is bly adjourned in order to attend a used no hindrance of any sort will Christian service. be enconntered. Officially, the Director may do nothing that may be con- "It is not too much to say," writes strued as help; privately he will com- Rev. Mr. Uyemura, "that there is a mend the teacher and may become a glorious future for Christianity in member of the Bible class." Japan."

NTS OF CONTACT IN SOUTH

MISSIONS BY G. 11. A. GARDENER, M .A., CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA.

N the Southern third of matter effectively. The following resolution passed by the Natal MismI the i frican Continent sionary Conference, a year after the a critical period has Edinburgh meeting, bears this out: been opened. A poli- tical union threatens That in view of the serious overlapping to swamp the public in the work in Natal and Zululand, and mind, while the easy going native pol- the evils arising therefrom, which called icy of the Government engenders rest- forth the just criticism of the Edinburgh lessness among the leaders of the over- Conference, and because of the confusion whelming native population, handi- caused in the minds of the nCltives, both capping evangelization. The things heathen and Christian, by the presentaof God are relegated to a subsidiary tion of Christianity in so many varying position and here and there, surround- forms, it is, in the opinion of this confered for a century by Christian testi- ence, desirable that any new society conmony, the rawest heathenism is en- templating the opening of work in Natal croaching on Christian precincts. On or Zululand should, before doing so, comthe other hand, the cry of the Moslem municate with the President of tile Natal peril descends from the north, aggra- Missionary Conference. vated by the vanguard of a civilization attempting to supply a super- In a foot-note it is explained that structure without solid foundation. This action is not to be taken as a Such is the background on which proclamation that the evangelization of more than forty missionary societies 1atal is completed, but that its evangelifind themselves called upon to build zation will be best advanced by the up the native Church in South Africa strengthening of agencies already at to-day. Things seem to have come work, while any further multiplication of into the melting-pot simultaneously. agencies will hinder rather than hasten If ever points of contact were needed the desired result. with fellow-missionaries and the great Overseer, now is the time. To re- Putting in a nutshell the position spond to the calls of the North with for the whole territory south of the the least delay, to aid and advise the Zambesi and Kunene rivers, we might natives in their political relations and say that we aim not at reducing the aspirations and to lay broad and true number of missionaries, but at their foundations for the nS1l1g native wiser distribution, fewer societies, if Church-such tasks demand super- possible, and certainly closer contact human relations and whole-hearted and more cooperation between them. surrender. From one ordained missionary for The question of contact is not a 3,846 natives in .German Southwest new one among South African mis- Africa we proceed by steady gradasionaries, nevertheless it may be freely tion to one for 13,461 in Basutoland admitted that it remained for the and leap to one for 68,18r in Portu- Edinburgh Conference to focus the guese East Africa, the worst manned field of the sub-continent by a long way. In this direction, therefore, the1·e is room for reconstruction.

Fmther, a variety of elbowing so- cieties not only presents the danger

of causing constant con fusion and worship. Truth is many-sided and it collision, but the no less serious dan- is worthless to renounce the specific ger of parasitism and atrophy, due to emphasis which various sections of deticient initiative and originality, the Christendom have sought to lay results of lack of room and aggressive thereupon. Ve need to agree upon a p ropagan da. greatest C0111111011 multiple which shall contain all the truth that has borne Finally~ancl this seems to be the the test of time with fruit, judged by immediate desi dera tum 0 f the Sou th its ability to win 111en for Jesus Christ, A frican field~ the points of contact tho only test of truth, nay, Him,self between socidies and lIlissionaries the Truth! This we elo by recognizing must be increased t,('%ld, as a pre- each other and learning from each liminary to rearlj ust11lent and the pres- other. sing of the battle to its final issue. The other prillciJlle~that of the The following questions arise: highest comm011 factor, the process of selecting a few trnths to which all I. For what may we reasonably may sl1bscribe~opens the door to an look? electicism which is at once an im- poverisbmellt of Christianity's rich 2. What has been attained? historical heritage and to those who hold minimum truth with maximum 3. Along what lines may we hope error.

to realize the balance? J f the desire to cooperate springs It is idle to speculate on what might from our wish to apologize for our denomination, our primary duty is to have been or what we should have surrender onr autonomy, i. e., absorpliked to have done if we had carte tion ancl not cooperation. As Dr. blanche. vVe must face the facts, re- Julius Richter writes in the January ducing the matter of cooperation issne of the REVIEW. (p. 33) : "Church from its academic sterility to one of federation does not mean the leveling practical politics. of denominational differences. * * * What We May Reasonably Expect. Ve have to remember that Christian- The allocation of anyone section ity will never grow strong upon sub- (tribal or linguistic) of the native tractions and reductions, but only field to some particular society can through additions and vital developonly proceed on a posteriori grounds. ments. " Ve are not in a position to-day to say whether the Vesleyan form will best Denominations that have the right suit the Xosa, the Paris Evangelical to cooperate, have the right to exist the Sesuto, the Methodist Episcopal and conse<]uently need no apology. the Zulu divisions of the Bantu race, Vhat we might apologize for is that and so on. Time alone can inclicate we have not admitted and respected this. As little as all the Teutonic peo- the right and the truth in the other ples are Lutheran or Episcopal, can we man's position. And so, while waitexpect the Bantu races to be formed ing until under the Providence of after the same pattern or any his- God tribal temperament, linguistic aftorical pattern at all. Even one fInity and outside influence have branch of the Teutonic peoples has not always embraced homogeneous expressions of faith and for111s of

POl;,,(TS OF CONTACT Tl' SOUTH .FRICA

shaped the full-grown lIankl1 Church, I. l:'1illlillatioll of waste. No new something l1lust be supplied which society ought to enter the field withhas stood the test of time and served out the knowledge of the General other nations, supplied as truth and to :'II issionary Conference. Contiguous emancipate new races into the Chris- societies spending much time over tian Clmrch, supplied therefore with a thorny Cjuestions of discipline and watchful eye on the danger of dena- censure should make a fearless attionalizing, (klingualizing and devital- tempt to come to a thorough underizing the peoples to be won, especial- standing–if necessary at the cost of ly if they are of the child-races of withdrawal, if either can overtake the the worlel. work. Priority of occupation and fruitfulness of effort we take to be Nevertheless the devil has not been the determinin~ principles in the matidle in this matter of division. He· is ter of withdrawal. the arch-Schismatic. Nor has he held aloof in the matter of occupation of 2. Concentration of effort. This sphere. His spoiling tactics are deep- will be possible chiefly in the case of ly insidious, and have resulted in the societies of the same kind, i. e., those all too frequent infringement of the more or less similar in Church govern- Pauline principle as enunciated in ment, discipline and temperament. Romans IS :20. To have the right to Vhere maj or emphasis is placed on exist is not synonYl11ot1s with a right to creed, similarity of doctrine will of course be necessary. go anywhere. There must be a scrup- 3. Comity alllong all. Even if it is ulous divine economy in the matter true that some societies will never of millions of perishing souls. For contemplate organic cooperation with a society to go to one of a multitude others, there is no reason why there of tribes or races presupposes a speci- shonlel not be a spirit of comity among fic commission in addition to the gen- all who seek to bring Jesus Christ to eral one of the Gospel, and if one or the heathen. The spirit that prompted more societies are already covering a missionary to write "we believe that (or promise to cover) the ground, a our traditional teaching is true and specific message would not be deliv- othcr tcaching is false" will never fulered. The neglect of this principle ill Christ's departing commission. is a violation of the divine economy, while its rigorous application How Much Has Been Attained will not only 11111111111ze con fusion and collision hut facilitate co- The story of accomplished contact operation and comity. For coopera- in South Africa missions is soon told. tion is a moral and spiritual relation, '!'I[ost of the efforts are of comparaas well as one of manipulation, de- tively recent elate. The first General pending, as it does, on divine sanction JVIissionary Conference met at Johanand good health between the partners. nesburg in 1904. It has since met in If only we can give this principle both that city in 1906, in Bloemfontein in retrospective ancl prospective force, 1909 and is due to meet at Capetown we shall probably agree that the fol- during the first week of next July. lowing may be reasonahly looked for This Conference has already more in the South A frican field: than j lstified its existence, having supplied valnable information and in-

spiratioll through its meetings and Theological College which is run as a printed reports. Some six months union college, the board supplying one ago its executive convened a Com- teacher. The United Free Church mittee on Delimitation and Comity, have in tum discontinued its boarding representing eighteen societIes to school for boys and supplies one hammer out agenda for this year's teacher to the Union Normal School triennial Conference. Six commis- under A. B. auspices. The South sions were appointed, and these are Africa Compound and Interior Mis- now busy collecting and collating evi- sion has a Training Institution for dence on such questions as "Survey evangelists at Intokozo jointly with and Occupation," "Church Discipline," the Free Methodists of America. The "Native Yol1th in the Large Cities," Hanoverian Free Church has applied "The So-called Black Peril." These for leave to have their young men commissions will present reports and trained at the Seminary of the Berlin frame resolutions to be discust by Society. The latter has scholars from the Conference in July. the Presbyterian Church in its Nor- Besides this National Conference mal School in the Spelonken (Trans- there are provincial Associations of vaal), and sends candidates for the Societies in Rhodesia, the Transvaal ministry to the Theological Seminary and Natal. The Natal Missionary at Morija (Basutoland). The Berlin Conference and the Transvaal Mis- Society in Natal cooperates with sionary Association have attacked the the Norwegian Missionary Society, problem of cooperation with vigor. Church of Sweden Mission, Church At its last gathering the Natal of Norway Mission and the Hanover- Missionary Conference decided to ian Free Church Mission for the train- form an "Advisory Council on Com- ing of teachers evangelists and pastors; ity and Cooperation" to aim among also in matters of publication, such other things at "the reduction of ex- as a Lutheran catechism and hymn- isting overlapping and the avoidance book. These are typical instances and of future cases," and the promotion an all but exhaustive list of establish- of uniformity in matters of discipline ed points of contact. Owing to the and probation. Needless to say, the failure of the Government to give it ambitions of the promoters have been financial support, the Inter-State N a- rudely shocked already. But they are tive College scheme has becn returned not discouraged, for even a fractional to its supporters, and what promises l'ealization of their aim will justify to become a notable contact-item has the undertaking. not materialized enough to include it In addition to these laudable pro- as an accomplished fact. In the mean- vincial efforts to multiply points of time it deserves the serious thought contact, a certain amount of coordina- and guiding influence of every friend tion has been established between of the native.

specific societies and stations. The vVe come ultimately to attempt to most conspicuous instance is that in set out some of the lines along which which the American Board (Zulu we may look for the fuller realiza- branch) have transferred to the tion of the things we may reasonably United Free Church of Scotland their look for. To clear the ground it is

OF CONTACT IN SOUTH AFRICAN

necessary to state that we aim neither former does not exclude the latter at uniformity nor at absorption. If and the two together are the sure way there arc those in the field to whom to strong and lasting union in the end. companionship does not appeal, and who feel called to labor in isolation, Or there may be federation of cerwhy condemn them? Unanimity is tain particular interests, and this again not an essential of cooperation. Nor is a powerful means of promoting does our contact policy demand the ab- eventual union. The example of the sorption of small, weak churches by Lutheran Churches is a case in point, . large, wealthy ones. It is also neces- and a Lutheran Federation for South sary to note that the case of South Africa should be productive of much Africa is not on all fours with (say) good. If, for instance, the Hermanns- Japan. The close relations of the burg Society, which has a small sem- South African missionary body with inary at Berseba iT, the Western the white population makes the former Transvaal, unaided by Government much more dependent than he is else- and not very efficient, would make where. For instance, his scheme of use of the well-endowed and flourishnative education must not only suit ing Seminary of the Berlin Society the native, but his educated native at Bothsabelo in the Eastern Transml1st suit the varied tastes of the Eu- vaal, the latter might become not only ropean employer. In the evolution of the nursery of all Lutheran effort but the native Church we can not expect a potent unifying influence. If only much initiative from the native side. the fusing power of the Holy Spirit European churches set the pace and would drive us to see that we can not while these are divided we will have afford to lose a man or a moment in native churches after the same pattern. this day of sore crisis and solemn op- For the disciple is not above his mas- portunity! ter. The missionaries certainly can not trouble their heads about National The practice of following up mem- Native Churches. It would be a terri- bers into well-covered territory occuble thing to force this at an immature pied by another society is causing a stage. Then again, while the major- great deal of friction. To many of ity of societies keep the European and us it seems to be a violation of Aposnative churches apart, some unite tolic principle and of a bedrock posthem. All these considerations com- tulate of Christian courtesy and econplicate the question of cooperation. It omy. But while some refuse to abanis, however, certain that the line of cion the practise the responsibility is least resistance must be followed, for thei l's–let others accept and propathere is a conservation of energy in gate a scheme of lllutual recognition; spiritual outlay. Like-minded socie- its successful demonstration is the ties must begin to eliminate waste. best proof of its wisdom and the guar- Far rather four or five wholly in uni- antee of its extension. The culpable son in matters of doctrine and dis- leakage is due to the inactivity of cipline-wholly agreed to differ if like-minded people for the non-connecessary-than fifteen or twenty as- ductors cause no waste that we can sociated in an honorary capacity. The deplore. I f only those who think and act homogeneo11s1y could concentrate

their efiort the gain will he collsi(ler- cational efiort- especially in its in- able. dustrial, technical and art depart- ments-aIl these constitute an illlme- But fi naH y, th ere is scope for C0111- cliate challenge for consolidation of ity among all. Every Christian mis- outlook and execution. The publica- sionary in South Africa ought to know tion of interscctarian newspapers in his colleagues better. Half our di f- three or four of the leading vernacu- ierences a re due to misl1nderstanding lars would be included under cduca- tion. Here the Natal Missionary Conand would vanish if '1ce 011/)' !me,l'. ference has set a noteworthy example by launching a cooperative religious Periodical fraternals for unhurried newspaper in Zulu, the editorial spiritl1<l I intercourse would have this board to consist of representatives of effect among workers on adjoining the different societies. fields. , coml11on scheme of praye r would ccment sllch friendship and i f rica has been called the imperiled pave the vay for the unity of the prize of the Church, it is also the spirit. There is a great need of spirit- great laboratory of the Church. "I-Iere ual deepening and (luickening. spiritnal conditions are at their worst, degradation most complete. If Chris- M a rcover a consensus of mission- tianity can solve Africa's problems, ary conviction in matters of general it can do anything. " South Africa interest is a great desideratum. There contains every problem of pagan Afriis a call for uni ted action in stich mat- ca in process of solution. It is the ters as social purity, temperance, pre- test-tube of the great pagan laboraservation of health , legi slation and tory. The success of the experiment education. Each of these departments depends on the mixing of the ingrehas inter-denominational value. The dients, bnt not in a haphazard way. formation of a ?ational Vhite Cross It requires infinite patience and skill. Society, the incorporation of th e South Contact, too, is a matter of maniptl- African Temperance Alliance, the es- lation and arrangement, but above all tablishmcn t of Fnion Hospital s, nego- of mutual forbearan ce and fellowship tiation with the government on mat- with the divine head of the Church. ters affecting liberty of conscience and Ch ri stian rights. and last, but not least, the coordination of edu- HOW B] BLES ARE CARIHE D IN AFIHCA

A LARGE SUNDAY-SCHOOL AT no PO TO, ON THE UPPE1t

DAY OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL AFRICA BY JOHN H. HARRIS, F .R.G.S.* ERTAIN facts impress to throw an effective barrier across the path of Mohammedan progress, LCCJ t~le mind ~f the impar- a barrier which will not only prevent tIal 111veshgator III con- its southern march, but may even drive sidering the position of back the vanguard of the Moslem ~ Christianity in Africa forces. below the Mohammeclan belt; first, the dislike and con- The antipathy felt toward the mistempt with which the majority of the sionary and Christian community is official and trading classes regard the hardly likely to become less marked missionary; second, the missionary's in the near future; administration;; simple faith and goodness, his splendid are undergoing a change in their atheroism and his magnificent devotion. titude toward the colored races which Then one can not but be imprest must necessarily force high-minded with the fact that missionary enter- Christian men into an increasingly prise has changed in character with resolute defense of their native coma success which promises to be over- munities. Commercial methods are whelming. Finally, one sees the op- undergoing a still more far-reaching portunity which to-day presents itself change; the oIeI time merchant is giv- * Mr. af1d ~frs. Han-is rccrnily visited Vest Central ,,frica under the auspices of the Anti-Slavery Society. of ·England, to study labor and sodal conditions. At the same time they examined Christian mis~iollary enterp r i:::e and here set forth the rest11;s of th~s investigation. T1Je course of their inquides demanded a tramp through virgin forests and swamps and aCI-OSS arid plains for over five hundred miles; paddling in little dugouts for another thousand miles. and four times that distance in t"iver steamers. A journey of this nature hrings the traveler into c()ntact with every section of the ;frican community-governors and officials, white and colored merchants, the Christian, the lfohammedan and the Pagan.-ED1TOR.

ing place to the highly organized syn- The history of efforts to win West dicate, which, as a unit, possesses Central A frica for the Christian Faith neither heart nor conscience and is is divided into two periods; the first generally sufficiently strong in influ- dating apparently from about the 16th ence at home and power abroad to century, tho records are extant which menace any administration. The mis- suggest yet earlier efforts. The pionsionary, acknowledging no higher eers of the earlier period were sent earthly authority than his own con- exclusively from Rome. The second science, is bound to find himself more period is almost entirely a 19th cenand more in conflict with the exploit- tury effort, and its activity springs ing energy of these vigorous dividend mainly from the Protestant Churches. seekers. That this is good for the Church goes without saying, but it The first era was undoubtedly makes the lot of that isolated man and that of Christianity by conquest, woman in Central Africa very much a program carried out by the harder to bear. Portuguese under the blessing of the Pope, altho the Dutch frequently The forces of Christianity have not gave these "Christian swashbucklers" yet made any great advance in the far anything but a happy time. To-day hinterland of the Sierra Leone Pro- memorials to these enterprises exist in tectorate, the northern territories of several colonies in the form of ruined the Gold Coast or in Northern Nigeria, altars and chapels, now degenerating altho their efforts have been most into African fetish houses, many of abundantly rewarded in the Sierra which are to be found in out-of-the Leone Colony, the Gold Coast and way corners of the African hinterland. Southern Nigeria. In the Gold Coast In Portuguese Angola there is an ex- Colony the missionary meets with sim- tremely interesting ruin which demonple paganism, but in Southern Nigeria strates the fact that for a period subsehe encounters a very considerable Mo- quent to the earlier days of Portuguese hammedan community, about fifty per occupation the Dutch held this colony, cent. of the total population being which they conquered with the two- Moslems and equaling in numbers the fold object of converting the heathen combined forces of Christianity and and buying slaves. Tho time and Paganism. Below Nigeria;~that is criminal folly have obliterated much South of the Niger delta,~Moham­ of the interior beauty, one wall remedan influence is left behind ann the mains intact~a single mosaic of blue messengers of the Christian faith have tiles portraying the Christian forces to deal only with paganism; not the of the N etherlancls surrounded by the bloodthirsty and strongly entrenched myriads of heathendom; a guardian paganism which confronted Living- angel is depicted watching the constone, Ramseyer, Hannington and test; but blessing only the Christian George Grenfell, but a paganism so slave-dealers. The extent of this misbroken by the forces of civilization, guided piety and devotion may be so rent and riven by internal mis- gaged from the fact that the whole trust, that the masses of the people interior of this Church was originally are crying 011t "!Vho will show us any covered with pictorial blue and white good"? Dutch tiles, carried by the thousand in

OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

little sailing vessels all the way from contin~nt, stimulated a great move- Europe. 011 the islands of San Thome ment for evangelization from the alld Principe, side hy side with thcir vVest. a movemcnt which reached its terrible record of predial slavery, was most fervent expression in the early eighties of last century when the scramble for territory culminated in the General Conference of Berlin. That historic gathering of the repre- sentatives of the Powers was due pri- elarily to the keen witted Leopold, who saw therein his long awaited op- portunity of colonial expansion.

The Berlin Conference was unique in that it had for its program, not only the interests of commerce, but also that of Christian missionary propa- ganda, for by its subsequent treaty, missionaries were to be encouraged to win pagan tribes from barbarism. The immensity of the area thus consecrated THE ALAKE OF ABEOKUTA, WITH HIS SON AND THE DIBLE PRESENTED BY KING EDWARD IN 1904 a vigorous piety which named streets ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AT LANDAN'A~ WEST AFRICA after the Divine attributes and covered the islands with Churches dedicated to to freedom of trade and missionary saints known and unknown. Some of enterprise is not generally recognized. these were erected as early as 1542, The Kongo basin, contrary to the genbut almost everyone to-day is in ruins. erally accepted belief, extends far Lamentable indeed is the devout awe beyond the boundaries of Belgian with which the native regards these Kongo, or, more correctly-the Kondecaying walls; having lost the solace which he originally found in his simple fetish charm, he clings with despairing fervor to the ivy covered altars, Lroken images ami worm-eaten crosses. Ichabod is everywhere written upon the efforts which those early Christian colonists made to force their Faith upon the pagan tribes of the great riverine areas of Central Africa. The second period of missionary enthusiasm began with David Livingstone's romantic work, which, altho primarily in the eastern part of the

go State. I ts northern frontier Leop()ld's undoing', f()r thence came reaches the tributaries of the Niger to the ears of Europe that unhroken and the 1'ile, while its eastern border stream of reliable information upon :nc1ude~ a large section of German the doings of the Royal rubber mer- East Africa, and in the south and west chant which unmasked him and forlarger areas still of both British Central A frica and Portuguese Angola ever made his name a byword among come under the operation of the Ber- the nations. On the spot, this blunlin Act. In this great pagan area, der gave the natives their only gleam nearly as large as the continent of of hope, and everywhere they flocked Europe, the forces of Christianity to the missionary, some of them jourhave been concelltrating their efforts neying hundreds of miles to seek the for the past thirty years, and with sympathy anel protection of the ''Inwhat result? gleza" (as all English speaking mis- sionaries are called). In 1904 King Jt is incontestible that the entrance Leopold was compelled by the exof the late King Leopold into the administrative activity of Central Africa posures made public in Europe and was the greatest known catastrophe ,merica to sene! out a Commission of in human affairs to which the African Enquiry to the Kongo, and the memcontinent has been subjected; his bers of this Commission were so imbaneful influence overflowed the banks prest with the power of the missionof the Kongo and its tributaries, it ary that the following passage was came within an ace of impregnating inserted in their memorable report: the British colony of Fganda, and actually obtained a foothold in Ger- Often, also, in the regions where evanman Kameruns: it invaded and al- gelical stations are established, the na- 1110st overwhelmed French Kongo, tive, instead of going to the magistrate, carrying with it the same orgie of his natural protector, adopts the habit, bloodshed, rapine and munIer, by when he thinks he has a grievance against which its sinuous track was everywhere known in the Kongo itself. an agent or an executive ()fficer, to con- Tho Leopoldian influence carried with it such a tale of horror, tho it ticle in the missionary. The latter listens made the very name of white man to him, helps him according to his means, stink in the nostrils of native tribes and makes himself the echo of all the for all generations, King Leopold, complaints of a region. Hence the like all criminals in history, made one astounding influence which the missionfatal blunder and outwitted himself: aries possess in some parts of the terri- -Having posed before the world as tory. It exercises itself not only among a Christian philantrophist, he was the natives within the purview of their compelled in that capacity, and by the religious propaganda, but oyer all the vilclauses of the Berlin and Brussels lages whose troubles they have listened Acts, to countenance and encourage to. The missionary becomes, for the namissionary activity, and, in practice, tive of the region, the only representative to open the Kongo territories to the of equity and justice; he adds to the asforces of Christianity. This was King cendancy acquired from his religious zeal the prestige which, in the interest of the State itself, should be invested in the magistrates.

What wonder that the word "In- glcza" became the synonym of chival- ry, what wonc1er it should be adopted in the Kongo as the safest of pass-

H)12! DA Y OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

words, so safe indeed that even the singing a hymn"! Fortunate indeed, Belgian rubber merchants have sought that one of those men remembered a security therein when danger threat- stanza learned at his mother's knee, ened from in furiated natives. The and thus saved the life of both himstory has been told by a Belgian how self and his wretched companion. two of his colleagues once fell into the This confidence in the missionary is hands of a tribe which had suffered se- further evidenced by the saying which verely from oppression ; the white men has now passed into a native proverb: larriecl no weapons of defense, a fact -"Ingleza nta fombaka" (The Engpromptly grasped by the natives, who lishman never tells a lie). This con- AUDIENCE COMING FROM CHURCH AT JALEl.iB A, UPPER KONCO had determined to put to death those fidence has not only spread through whom they believed-and correctly- the Kongo, but away even into Portuwere rubber agents of the State. guese Angola, and with so great an vVith true African frankness they in- asset, Christian missionary enterprise formed the anxious white men of is ever becoming more firmly fixt in their intention to first chop off their these territories. hands and then kill then. One of them, however, with a touch of that The missionary forces in the West genius which self defense inspires, re- Central region of Africa are drawn plied, "But we are 'Ingleza', you do not from Great Britain, France, America, put Ingleza to death"! The natives Germany and Sweden. The German "palavered" for some time and then ap- missions are largely represented by proached the white men again, saying the Basel YIission, that splendid in- -"You have not the appearance of stitution whose progress in the Gold Ingleza, but lest any mistake be made, Coast and in German Kameruns is alprove to us that you are Ingleza by most phenomenal. The American mis- sions are clotted about all over the is-

lands and "the Coast", where, some- The Gospel is carried further afield, times by their unique methods, they is presented by men with a full knowl- occasionally give severe shocks to edge of native life and customs, is their more phlegmatic brethren. Eng- spoken with a complete mastery of the lish missions arc devoting their en- native tongue; the results have al- ergies mainly to Southern N ifSeria, ready been truly astonishing. Fernando Po, the Kongo, and Portu- guese Angola, while the French Evan- The progress of Chris,tianity in gelical Mission makes headway with heathen lands is too often measured difficulty in French Kongo. Denomin- by the bare statistics of missionary ations are distributed equally among reports. However satisfactory this the Baptists, Anglicans, Presbyter- "stock-taking" may be in civilized ians and the several Methodist orders. countries, where everyone knows The Congregational Church and the more or less the elements of the Chris- Salvation Army alone have no mis- tian faith, it is grotesquely unsatisfacsions in West Africa. tory to apply such tests to pagan coun- tries. The missionaries can not in- With but few exceptions the work clude those thousands of men and has been in the hands of men and women whom they know are converts women representing the somewhat ex- to Christianity, but whose intricate treme Evangelical section of the social ties preclude them from open Church, who regard the actual preach- church-membership. There comes, ing of the Gospel as the only duty of too, a time in all mission fields when the missionary. Circumstances have the collective mind of the nation benow broadened their outlook, altho gins to move toward a new faith. for many years few were prepared This aspect, intangible at first, often to surrender to others the work of con- imperceptible even to the individual tinuous village preaching. The mis- missionary, but clear to the onlooker, sionary, who insists lIpon preaching has already arrived in the Kongo the Gospel almost exclusively himself, Basin. obviously can not expect such great results as the man who, perhaps with During the last ten years, the early less ostentatious Evangelical fervor, is native converts have been trained and willing to sit quietly in the schoolroom sent forth to teach and preach, but and study preparing natives to go while the Leopoldian regime held forth and preach. We understand sway in the Kongo itself, little headand sympathize with the "fiery zealot," way could be made by the native teachbut the native thinks him a strange ers beyond that of seed-planting on being and does not understand two ground rendered receptive by the sentences of his Anglicized Bantu, or, knowledge that behind the native worse still, Batuized English with an Evangelists was the sympathetic mis- American accent! Gradually, how- sionary, more reliable in actual and ever, conditions have changed, and potential trouble than even native relamissionaries have within the last ten tives. With the uprising of public years come to realize that the advant- opinion and the consequent gradual age of training the native to go forth disappearance of violent oppression, as the preacher, is overwhelming.- the situation has changed; the native

OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL

Evangelist is welcomed as the bringer from these centers there now radiates of good tidings, a foretaste of which a whole series of outstations where they have already received in the ten years ago a white man dared not lightening of their grevious burdens, travel, and where even to-day, it is through-so the natives believe-the not particularly safe for any but the influence of the white messenger of missionary and his messenger. Away the Cross. The message, therefore, up the distant Kasal the American is now listened to with insatiable Presbyterians, with only two stations, A BAPTIST MISSION TRAINING CLASS ON THE KONGO eagerness everywhere, and the general" have something like 10,000 members mental attitude at least is definitely of the Church and nearly 100 Evanand finally set toward the Christian gelists; not only so, but native faith. churches are everywhere springing into existence at a pace which is dis- Ten years ago, to my personal tinctly embarrassing to the already knowledge, human flesh could be pur- overworked missionaries. Very similar chased for consumption on the banks conditions exist down south in Angola of the Bussira river. To-day, on that and away north in the Gold Coast tertributary alone, over 2,000 mem- ritories. In Angola the Methodist bers of the Christian Church are Episcopal Society has, within the last in the villages, and every week over twelve months, increased its actual 100 Evangelists are traveling from membership fifty per cent., while in town to town preaching the Gospel. the Gold Coast, the Basel Mission At mission centers like Bolobo, Bo- records a membership of something lengi, Jikau, and Yalemba, one sees like 30,000, who pay, so we were inchurches crowded to overflowing, and

formed, one-fourth of the entire cost stituting a grant per capita for the of the Mission. finished product," i. e., a native train- ed by the mission to a scheduled It is clearly the duty of the Home standard of literary and industrial Churches to organize a forward move- knowledge and practise. ment. Now is the day of opportunity while the native is receptive and the The need for such missions in the doors wiele open to the entrance of Kongo basin is a thousandfold greater Christianity. To delay may be to wit- than in any other part of West Cenness in ten years' time the Moham- tral Africa. Throughout the territory medan faith firmly established the natural economic resources have throughout Vest Central Africa. The been almost exhausted and the ever Missionary Committee should pour increasing Christian community has into Central Africa men and women no economic future before it. There capable of directing the increasing is land in plenty, land be it rememarmy of native Christians. The Gold bered, highly suited to the production Coast and Nigerian Churches should of palm oil, cocoa, henequen, and posbe linked with Uganda by way of sibly copra, but there is no one to German Kameruns and the great lead the natives to cultivate that land. Ubangi river. That great tributary of The natives,-Christian and Pagan,- the Kongo, rising on the Anglo-Egyp- regard Bula Mataci (the Governtian border and passing through ment officials) with great aversion; French and German territory, must the merchants in the Kongo are too be regarded as the frontier of Chris- few to attempt the task of agricultural tianity, across which JIohal11t11edan- education. The missionaries alone are ism must never be allowed to pass. capable of leading the people to till To-day it is without a single Protest- the soil and in the messengers of ant l11issionary,-a grave error of Christianity the natives have un- Christian statesmanship, in rectifying bounded confidence. If, therefore, the which no time must be lost. "astounding influence"-which even the Belgians admit the missionaries The chief criticism to which mis- possess over the native mind-could sions in West Afriea have been ex- be utilized to turn that devastated posed, by sincere tho very candid peo- land into a garden, it would be fruitple, is that they have concentrated 0'1 ful of permanent stability to the colony a spiritual and literary training of and render possible at a future date the natives to the exclusion of more a sel f – supporting, self – propagating practical education. Vithin compara- Christian Church. tively recent years, however, the Church Missionary Society in Nigeria, A grave danger of secession conthe Basel Mission in the Gold Coast, fronts Christian missionary propathe Presbyterians in Calabar and the ganda in almost every colony in West Primitive Methodists in the Gulf of Africa, due to polygamy. With the Guinea have all undertaken extensive growth of knowledge and material industrial training, and the British prosperity, the natives are showing Government has stimulated this move- an increasing tendency to manage ment by withdrawing general sub- their own affairs in church matters, sidies to missionary effort and sub- and particularly in regard to the in-

12 ] DAY OF OPPORTUNITY IN WEST CENTRAL AFRICA

terpretation of Christian practise. The The political future of the Kongo whole social fabric of West Africa is uncertain. Belgium has succeeded rests on a polygamous basis, which is in putting an end to the atrocity rebeyond question incompatible with gime, but that is all. The Kongo basin present day Christianity, but a con- requires trained colonial statesmen to siderable section of the natives argue guide its future, it needs a personnel that their tribes socially are still in with experience in colonial administrathe patriarchal age, and that genera- tion, it needs what all tropical and tions must elapse before a monagam- sub-tropical colonies demand as a ous standard can be evolved, at the basis for future prosperity-an annual same time they proceed to demand grant-in-aid, and not less than one to that the transition stage shall be two millions sterling must be found abridged with a permissive but re- if the administration of the Kongo stricted practise of polygamy. In one is to be maintained. France has the" colony this movement has gone the men, the money and the conception, inevitable length and founded a separ- which, together, may yet remove the ate Church, which numbers, it is com- traces of Leopoldianism in French puted, nearly 14,000 members. This Kongo. Belgium has neither colonial movement already threatens disaster conception nor men, and tho she has to the missions in one colony for if the money, it is extremely doubtful the Minister remonstrates with any whether the nation will consent to member of his flock upon alleged poly- pour it into the Kongo at the rate of gamy, the next he probably hears is 1,000,000 pounds per annum for somethat the member in question has, with thing like twenty years. Belgium, several of his friends, seceded and however, will no doubt retain control joined the African Church. This of the territory for a few years and African Church-distinct from the during that time missionary societies Ethiopian in several respects-is above should press forward. France posall things vigorously propagandist, and sessing the right of pre-emption will, with its permissive polygamy appeals if she succeeds to the territory, pursue to the instincts of the native every- her usual antagonistic policy towards where, with the result that conversion missions and render extension exto the tenets of its faith is fairly easy, tremely difficult. If, however, miseven for the pagan, and its doors are sionary enterprise is widely spread always thrown widely open to seced- over the Kongo, a plea for a ers. That the movement will spread guaranteed position could not be resouthward is certain and that it will fused in any conference which may cross the Kongo to Uganda is quite be held for discussing the future of probable. The first wave across Cen- the Kongo area. The central polititral Africa will, in all probability, be cal factor for Missionary Committees a religious one without any very high to bear in mind is, that at present the standard of life and conduct, but this Belgian Government and the native will undoubtedly be followed by an tribes are more friendly toward Chrisethical wave which, it is hoped, will tian missionary propaganda than in give to Central Africa a stable Chris- any other political division of West tian Church. Central Africa.

HOME CHURCH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS *

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK.

HE problem of the re- For every representative of the Chris- tian Gospel that we have sent to the' ITI lation of the home foreign field, we have sent ten of the Church to foreign mis- other kind to frustrate and confute sion work consists in the Christian message. the unsealing of the principles of the mis- Christian men must awake to their sionary SPIrIt, in giving to Christians duty in this regard. The Christian the convictions and experiences which business house that sends a dissolute will teach them clearly that what he man to represent it in Chini! is dishas he mnst share with others. loyal to the Christian faith. The nominal Christian government that Every disciple must know what he sends men to represent it in any 11011believes, and must have experience of Christian land who deny in their what the world needs. If a man does words or lives or example, or in their not know what he believes he can not conduct, the Christian principles of state it to himself or define it to his the land that sent them, is not faithbrother. When he knows that he has ful to its Christian duty. Who can something that is life to him, some- blame the Jew because he will not thing that every other man must have, listen to the Gospel; or the Mohamthen he will desire to share that some- medan, remembering the Crusades thing with the world. A religion that and the evils that have been poured is uncommunicable is untenable, and out by nominal Christians the any religion that a man can keep to last few generations ? In his place himself, is not worth keeping. every man would feel the same repug- nance toward Christians that the Jew Our first problem is, to open in the and Mohammedan feel. life of every Christian, convictions regarding Christ, and an experience of It is not only our duty to share our Christ, so true, so first-hand, so deep good with the world, hut it is our duty in his own life, that he will be con- also to make amends for all the evils strained to share his possession with we have done and for the good we the whole world. have neglected to do.

Our second problem is not only to re- In the third place, the whole miscover such consciousness of the good sionary propaganda needs to be brightwe possess that we are bound to share ened in our conception of it. We must it with others, but also to bring about go on in a technical way, doing all we such an awakening of conscience have been doing, the professional among Christians at home as to pre- trend being to plant Christian instituvent the spread over the world of tions in this land, But a far broader those evils that war against our God. propaganda must be carried 011 in There is nota missionary field in the other lands: In a South African world to which we have not sent out paper I read an article in which the more evil to war against the good, writer contended for a new type of than good to war against the evil.

1OReport of address at the Conservation Congress of the Men and Religion Movement. Printed by permission of the Association Press, publishers of the official report, "Messages of the Men and Religion Movement,O volunteer movement, which would "Ve are never going to win the lead men in every class of the diplo- world to Christ until the whole line matic service, in business, in every steps forward. It may be that we shall line, to press out over the world with have to try without the whole line, as the Christian purpose and aim domin- we have been doing. John Morley said ating their lives. That is the way that the whole history of success is I,J ohammedanisl11 has spread through- the history of the minority. But it out the world. We hear of Moham- is not the will of God that this work medanism having spread by the should be done that way. Everyone sword, but there were many years in can have his share if only the whole which it never had a sword by which Christian line will step forward. to spread. Every Mohammedan took the Koran and his religion with him, rn the fourth place, the charge has as his nearest companion and best possession to share with every man. been made repeatedly and openly that the Christian religion is not what it The great Volunteer Missionary professes to be. It can neither be ::'vlovement of the twentieth century propagated through the world nor reneeds not only men who will go out tained as a personal possession, if its as the rising hope of a great army of assurances are regarded everywhere men at home and abroad, but who will as erroneous. If they are wellgo out with the missionary principles founded, then we have a force as real dominating their lives, and the mis- as the forces of the tide or gravitasionary purpose primary with them. tion. We should use that force, as There is no reason why it should not we are using the great forces of God's he so, as it was with Livingstone and universe, to accomplish our missionary Martin and Carey. When the Ashan- end, and we should not attempt a task tee expedition went out from Eng- which, without that force, we never land everybody knew that many of can accomplish. It is because the task the men would never come back. The is so gigantic that we are driven back whole expedition was made up of to release the resources that are only volunteers. From Windsor they sent in God. Without the use of those out an order and the Colonel of the energies the work can not be done, Scots Guards said to the men: "Any but with them it can be done, even in man who wants to volunteer for this our generation. almost fatal service will step out three paces." When he had finished speak- We need get back again to the ing, he turned away and when he simplicity of the childlike Daniel, and looked hack, there was the line un- the men ,,,.ho were with Christ and broken in front of him, just as it was heard Him tell them that they could before. He looked up and down the remove 111oupt3ins if they had faith. line, shame and indignation mingling "' e could do that which is impossible to think that none of them had stept now if we exercised that faith, and out of the line. He was just about planted Christ as the Living Power to speak to them with scorn, when one that He is in the world. officer said to him, "Colonel, the whole line stept forward." In the fifth place, there is the ab- solute necessity of a unified campaign if we are ever to achieve these ends. If we are to do this work success-

fully we must go in one great cam- Him who launched this missionary paign with one great plan of action, enterprise in the first place, of the with one Christian common end in whole world knit together again into view. Nothing but this will ever ac- one. There is no power but Christ's complish it. One man may chase a power that will ever do it. I chalthousand, and two men may chase lenge you to find in history a single ten thousand, but the two would never power that has succeeded in unifying have come together if there had not even one nation except the fusing, been ten thousand against them. It unifying influence of a common reliis only when the Christian Church gious loyalty. Much less will anyrealizes that she has a task so big thing unify diverse races, alien peothat the very weight will crush her ples of many lands. Only one thing, together, blending into one another will ever weld this world into one again by the very heat of pressure, melting -the one thing that can break down together the most divergent Christian all barriers that separate man from views, that we can be fused into one. man, or races from races, or nation Ve can never accomplish the work be.. from nation-only one force, and that hind the breastwork, comparing ra- is the force of which the missionary tions, talking over mild experiences. enterprise is the custodian and trustee. We will only do it as we stand before the fort, realizing that the least divi- Before us is the vision of the sion among us means absolute defeat. Christian Church, realizing her privi- Once we recognize that unity is neces- lige, "Laying aside every weight and sary before this task will be accom- the sin that doth so easily beset us," plished, we shall move like a mighty looking away with a single eye to the army. Captain of her salvation and the one author of her faith, and going out in Last of all, we must have before the purity of that faith and devotion LIS a great vision-something more to give the world the power that only than a dean city, something more will bring the whole family into that than a purified United States and life in which there is neither circum- Canada-we must have before us a cision, nor uncircumcision, but where vision as shown before the eyes of Christ is all and in all.

TRAVELING IN CHINA

AND FICTION ABOUT MISSIONARY

BY CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY OME view the mission- not require a knowledge of the na- tive language of the place. He has ISI ary life as monoto- probably never taken a lesson in nous, full of priva- doubfe-entry bookkeeping in his col- tions and danger, un- lege course, but must now learn it by healthy and hopeless. practical experience with liras, medj i- It is surprizing how diehs, piastres and paras. easy it is to characterize and even stigmatize, at a safe distance, some- As the keeping of accounts for a thing of which one has no first-hand large station, including a hospital and knowledge. three or four educational institu- tions, besides twenty to fifty outsta- 1. The life of the missionary is tions, is not supposed to take up all full of the unexpected. One starts out the time he can not give to language sometimes with the idea that he is to study, and also since he must have learn a foreign language, and then a house to live in, and no nativepreach and teach. His first experience built house is clean or sanitary, he may be, as he goes from New York must now become his own architect over sea and land to his post in and builder-and this in a place Asia Minor, the mastering of the in- where they sell lumber by weight, and tricacies. of various monetary sys- stone by the wagon load, and there tems; for he must render an accu- are no plumbers or other modern rate and detailed statement to his conveniences. board of all his traveling expenses, reducing to American money the One must, in fact, be ready to fractional currency of half a dozen turn his hand to any and every occountries in bewildering rapid suc- cupation. No wonder that every cession-to say nothing of disposing ounce of ingenuity or mechanical skill in some economical way of non- in his brain is brought into play and usable remnants of foreign moneys. developed. So Cyrus Hamlin be- came successively baker, laundryman, On his arrival at his station, if this builder, rat-trap maker, and practical preliminary training has not softened demonstrator of the telegraph to the his brain, he may very likely be Sultan. prest into service to put up and start to work a gasolene engine, just pro- 2. There is no doubt that it mcured for the industrial work of some valves privations. No patriotic citieducational institution, and whose in- zen of the United States but feels the tricate mechanism has baffled all lo- enforced absence from his country, cal mechanics. Or he may be called the loss of the ballot, and the necesupon to plunge into the midst of sity of waiting, perhaps a month, befamine relief work, or the distribu- fore he can hear who was elected tion of clothing and supplies to suf- President. Then, too, no matter how ferers from war or massacre. Or he charmed may be the circle of which may be requested to relieve the sta- he is now a member, he of necessity tion treasurer of his duties along the feels the limitations of that small financial line, since bookkeeping does circle. Gone are the ministerial meet-

ings of Blue Monday, gone the in- promising doors. Nor do scientists spiring church gatherings and educa- and explorers stay at home because tional meetings, and the friendly at- of what they must suffer. mosphere of the Y. M. C. A. rooms, the associations of alumni gatherings 3. The missionary must expect to and all that. He is, indeed, fortu- be misunderstood. This apparently nate if the small circle of Americans inheres in any great undertaking. A with whom he is so closely associated are all of the possible variety; for recent book by Rev. J. L. Barton, the impossible ones do not all stay at home. Besides all this, he is in D.D., "The Missionary and His the midst of depressing surround- Critics," treats this topic very fully. ings. Not only is there no sound of The writer once overheard an Amerirailroad whistle within 300 miles, but can tourist complaining of the foundthe weight of the poverty, degrada- er of Robert College for having tion, ignorance and filth of the people started an institution that had given is greater than he had realized. And the American Government so much there is no relief from this monotony trouble, and necessitated such freof depression. One may quickly be- quent diplomatic interference. He come a pessimist, or worse, by look- would have searched in vain through ing merely at this view of the case. the official records for a single case of such governmental interference. But do these privations character- Perhaps the favorable testimony of ize missionary's life only? Certainly such men as the King of Bulgaria they are no exclusive possession of and Euver Bey, the hero of the Turkhis. The increasing number who are ish revolution, might not have conengaged in the diplomatic and con- vinced him of his mistake. sular service of our country experience all this, just as keenly, and with 4. The life of the foreign missionthe added burden of the artificiality ary is a healthy life. Vital statistics of diplomatic life. At all events, the of the various boards will confirm missionary can be himself, and need this. Occasionally an otherwise trustnot ape the social peculiarities of worthy person asserts the contrary. other nations. In times of danger At a recent annual gathering of one through hostile uprising, as in Pe- of the great foreign boards, a speaker, king and Tabriz, ambassadors and himself not a missionary, whose oraconsuls experience the same danger tory ran away with his facts, in speakas ,the missionaries, and meet them ing to outgoing missionaries, said: with equal fortitude. The newspaper "lVe know that only a few of YOll will man endures equal privations, and ever return. Of necessity your caoften runs greater risks. In the cap- reer will be very brief." But figures ture of Constantinople by the Con- do not bear this out. Take, for exstitutionalists on April 24th last, the ample, the records of the American only American wounded was a war Board. Facts are not at hand with correspondent. Privations and dan- reference to those who have passed gers do not deter the representatives to their reward. But of the 600 now of mercantile houses from entering under appointment, the average term of service has already been 16 years and I I months. Seven of them have served 50 years or over. Forty others

have served 40 years or over. Sixty- Oosely linked with this is the joy nine others have served 30 years or of being a coworker with the Master. over, making a total of more than It is His work, and His servants have 100 who have already been on the His presence, His assurances, His field more than a human generation. blessing, His happiness. Jesus was These figures by themselves do not the happiest man that ever lived; and prove the case. Probably the records the happiness of constant participaof those whose work is ended would tion in life-energy with such a spirit prove more. But at all events they is limitless. One element in this joy go to show that the missionary work is the certainty of ultimate successis not necessarily unhealthy. Or take of ultimate victory. How can one the showing by fields. The place be pessimistic or downhearted in view supposedly the most unhealthy is Af- of this? The song of victory is alrica, with India a close second. In ready, by faith, in the mouths of the the above list, the Africa missionary followers of the Lamb. The Lord has on the average served 14 years God Omnipotent reigneth, and we and eight months, and the India mis- shall reign with Him. Nowhere is sionary averages IS years and five this fact a more blessed comfort than months. to a worker in the midst of dark and unfavorable surroundings. Like a 5. The life of the foreign worker is beacon in the night comes the thought a happy life. The wife of aNew that, in spite of apparent defeats and York physician, a good Christian inexplicable setbacks, woman, while traveling abroad a few years since, met a missionary at his "Right is Right, since God is God, station, and after many inquiries as And right the day MUST win." to his work, said, "Well, you have 6. The missionary feels that he is our sympathy!" "Thank you," said in an inspiring succession. If there he, "we don't need it." Many people is any virtue in apostolic succession, express surprize at the eagerness of that virtue is his. Such medieval a missionary on furlough to get back heroes as Cyril and Methodius of to the field. The truth is, the harvest Thessalonica, working in the ninth time has begun in nearly all fields. century in Bulgaria, Moravia and There was a time of seed sowing, Bohemia; and Francis Xavier, in the with no visible results. But the sixteenth, in Iridia, Ceylon and Japan; worker of to-day sees the good being and those of later times, such as done, enjoys the results of other's Carey, Duff, Judson, Martyn, Livlabors as well as his own, and is ingstone, Goodell, Morrison, Gilmour, happy. Many a slum worker in Chi- the Chalmerses, the Mackays, Hamcago, many a pioneer on a Western lin, the Chamberlains, Hudson TaypraIrIe, is more in need of sympathy. lor, Bishop Thoburn, Hiram Bing- The happiness of seeing individuals and communities transfigured and ham, and a host of other mightiestransformed by "the Light that never who wnuld not follow in their train? was on sea or land" is the portion The mere recital of their names reof 1110st foreign workers. It is the minds one of the eleventh of the joy of service. Hebrews; and their biographies read like romances. ] ust to be in the

tanks with such a battalion of Chris- ficials to the world-wide influence tian soldiers is an inspiration. and civic importance of missions.

7. The missionary's life is one with 8. Finally, the work of the misa world-wide interest. It is bound sionary is the most audacious work up with the awakening of nations. in the world. Think of the daring Modern ideas and civilization owe of Raymund Lull, of John G. Paton, much of their progress in oriental of Keith Falconer, of Bishop Hannlands to his work. And kings and ington, facing unsympathetic and unemperors have not been slow in ac- civilized millions, in fuJI assurance knowledging their appreciation of his that, without sword and without efforts. Probably no man would ac- money, their mere message would cuse kings and emperors of partiality transform whole communities. Think to foreign mISSIOnaries, and yet, of the fearlessness of Mary Reed in within recent years a number of India, and of Father Damien in Mo- Americans have been publicly deco- lokai, braving loathsome and deadly rated for great services rendered in disease, counting not their lives dear many lands. Rev. Dr. De Forest, of unto themselves if only they might Japan, received the Order of the bear a message of cheer to the most Rising Sun, because of his noble hopeless outcasts in the world. Surely work in the Y. M. C. A. in the they inherited the boldness of Peter Japanese army during the late war. and John, because they had been Rev. Dr. W. A. P. Martin was chosen with Jesus, nay, the audacity of the president of the Chinese Imperial very plan of salvation itself is amazing. University. Rev. Dr. George Wash- Eleven men to go into all the world and burn was made commander of the make disciples of all nations! A few Order of St. Alexander, and a grand thousands to go out into a hostile officer of the National Bulgarian world and give a new life, a new Order of Civil Merit, because of his motive, to a thousand millions of work through Robert College for followers of the evil one! When one stops to think of the foolhardi- Bulgaria. Rev. Dr. J. P. Jones and ness of it all, from any human stand- point, the cry of the heart is, "Lord, Rev. Dr. Henry Forman have each increase our faith!" And the glad received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal for reply of an increased faith is, "I their work in connection with famine can do all things through Christ that relief in India. The conspicuous strengtheneth me." So the great part played by the missionaries in mission boards of our churches can preparing the peoples of Turkey for go on with their work with a subconstitutional government has been lime faith that the needed funds will deservedly emphasized of late. And be forthcoming from churches and the last Ecumenical Conference of individuals; with exactly the same Missions, held in 1900 in New York, kind of faith as that shown by Hud~ accomplished a unique feat in bring- son Taylor and George Muller and ing together on its platform ex- Barnardo-a faith founded upon the President Harrison, President Mc- Rock of Ages. Kinley and Governor Roosevelt, to bear their testimony as public of-

'tHE INcREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN MISSIONS *

BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON. "For I work in your days, a work upon which ye shall in no wise believe, tho a man declare it l1nto you." Acts xiii, 41.

HE very fact that this into the few preceding years. There is much said in these days in objection 1mT was a quotation from to the virgin birth of our Lord Jesus the ancient prophets Christ. I am not now going to defend proves that it repre- it, tho I confess myself fool enough sents a permanent fact to believe it, through and through. in human history. It But it is amazing that people who dis- is true of every age of cuss the virgin birth seem to have no the world that God works a work in conception of the fact that the docthose days which, tho authentically trine has not simply reference to the and adequately witnessed, men treat personality of our Lord Jesus Christ, not as fact but as fiction; and I am but that it is also the key to His engoing to speak now on the incredible tire history and to that of the Chrisfacts of our own day. tian Church from beginning to end.

Why are they treated as incredible? 'That was the virgin birth of Christ? First, because so few having eyes see, It was partly natural; it was partly and having ears hear, and having un- supernatural; the human and the diderstanding understand. There is vine constituted the miracle of the virvery little true observation. Men do gin birth. That is the key to the ennot see what is going on. And, again, tire career of our Lord Jesus Christ. we do not reflect upon what we do Out of the carpenter's shop of Nazarsee; for the deepest impressions eth, as out of another womb, came which come through the visual organ the Creator of all worlds and creaor organs of perception result only hnes; out of the natural baptism of from reflection. Meditation gives in- water in the Jordan came the anointed sight. And, yet again, we do not con- Messiah, with the Holy Spirit descendnect events. To understand the link ing upon Him in form like a dove; you must understand the chain. If out of the human experience of tempyou confine your attention to the link tation in the desert, common in a sense without considering the companion to all humanity, came the divine conlinks, and without tracing back the quest of Satan himself and the perlinks to the staple from which they manent judgment upon the adversary hang, and forward to that upon which of God and men; out of the mouth of they are finally suspended, you fail to a Man came the words of eternal life; get the connection of events. from under the hands of a Man came the healing touch that brought not God is working a work in our days only health to the sick, but life to the that is as supernatural as any ever dead in three remarkable miracles of accomplished from the foundation of resuscitation; out of the experience the world. It .assumes a different of the Cross and through the atoning form, has a different aspect and dif- blood came the victory over all the ferent methods of manifestation, and powers of earth and hell; out of the must be recognized by different facul- ascension of a Man came the descenties of ohservation, but it is proceed- sian of the Holy Spirit. Do YOll ing in amazing forms and with mar- not see how that virgin birth of Jesus velous rapidity. Christ interprets His whole career? At one end of it a virgin womb; at First of all, look back for a moment the other, a virgin tomb, in whic11 and remember why Paul said these never man had been laid. How the things in Antioch in Pisidia. The greatest succession of events that had ever taken place had been crowded * Delivered at the Northfield General Conference. RepriJ1ted from the Record of Christian Work.

two correspond! As out of the virgin the J aphetic and the most servile are womb came the Son of God, out of the Hamitic. Japhet is represented that virgin tomb came the Son of God as going to Shem for his knowledge rebegotten from the dead. In both of the Lord God, for his religious cases an event took place which never faith; and it is remarkable that there had taken place before in human his- has not been one great religion that tory; once a birth, and then a rebirth has not come from the Semitic races, out of death, no more to die, incap- or been mainly espoused by them. able henceforth of the experience of Even the Christian religion had its mortality. birth among Semitic people. So Brah- Paul, standing before the people in manism and Buddhism, Judaism and Antioch in Pisidia, was talking to Mohammedanism-all the great rethem about the marvels that had just ligions are Semitic in their origin or taken place in this history of Jesus, principal body of adherents. Noah from the virgin birth to the miracul- thus outlined the whole history of these races, and we see that the provious resurrection, and he said, speak- dence of God is behind all national ing in the name of God, "I work a history. work in your days which ye .shall in no wise believe, tho a man declare it If you study the map of the world, unto YOll"-a witness of His resur- you will see that nations have dropt rection, perfectly competent to declare out of history because they have been that miracle, which, once being ac- antagonistic to, or negligent of, God's cepted, carries all other miracles with Word. One of the most startling it, for the resurrection was the most events that ever occurred in our day stupendous event that ever took place was in the year 1870. The Vatican on the earth. It was in a sense all Council had hardlv declared that demiracles put together; blind eyes re- cree of infallibility which set a man ceived sight; deaf ears received hear- on the throne of God, before the teming; a dumb tongue received speech; poral power of the Pope came to an palsied limbs received power to walk! end, never to be restored. If you Paul was telling those incredulous want to see God's hand in human hispeople how God was working a tre- tory just read the story of 1870 and mendous work right in their day, and what took place in the Eternal City. that it was adequately testified to, and yet practically not believed. What do these and kindred facts mean but that God has given pre- Now tt1rn to our own day. Let me eminence in the world to those nations introduce the consideration of the in- that see to it that His Word is uncredible facts of missions, by looking hindered in its translation, publicafor a moment at some foundation prin- tion and diffusion? The scepter in ciples of the Word of God. The Bible the political sphere is held to-day by represents that nothing is transacted the Protestant nations. These are without God being behind it. Noah, some of the things going on right bein about forty words, forecasts the fore us, and yet how few of us ever whole future of the families of Ham, put them together as a part of the Shem and Japheth (Gen. ix. 25-27). providential plan and purpose of the He outlines their history, and gives ;vIost High.

the chief characteristics of those peo- Notice the rapidity of material proples. Of the Hamitic races the dom- gress. Has it ever occurred to you inant characteristic is servility; of that inventions do not come from huthe Semitic, nomadic conservation; man study merely, of by increased inand of the Japhetic, commercial en- telligence and illumination simply on largement and enterprise. It is so the part of human minds, but that even to-day. The most conservative God draws aside the veil that hides and nomadic races of the world are the secrets of nature from the senses the Semitic the most enterprising are of men only when He gets His Church

INCREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN

ready for His work? For.a thousand of the New Testament in anyone of years there was no progress in the the more than five hundred languages race. The Church had become merely in which it is published. Look at a name and a form. Now when did these amazing facts, and think how the era of modern invention really be- few of us here have ever put these things together and seen them in gin? In 1453, with the downfall of their relation to each other and to the Constantinople and the dispersion of plan of God! We say, How wonder- Greek scholars into southern Europe ful is human progress! But we for- get that God arrests human progress as a preparation for the translation until He gets His Church ready to do of the Holy Scriptures into modern His work. tongues and dialects. In connection with the downfall of that capital at The next great era of invention and the Golden Horn, and the dispersion discovery did not dawn upon the huof these Greek scholars, came four of man race until, in the little parlor of the greatest inventions and discoveries Widow Beebee Wallis, at Kettering, of the ages; the mariner's compass, England, those few Baptist disciples the printing press with movable type, met and organized the first foreign steam as a motive power, and paper. missionary society. In that year, 1792, Look at the bearing of these upon there began a new period of discovery, the reformed faith. Just at that time the like of which had never been bethe Church was emerging out of the fore, and led Mr. Gladstone to say Dark Ages; reformers were reviving that ten years of the nineteenth cenagain the great doctrine of justifica- tury represented more progress for tion by faith. Wycliffe and Knox, the human race than all the centuries Luther and Melancthon, Calvin and that had preceoed, and he was not a Savonarola were appearing on the man to think or .speak carelessly upon stage of history as leaders in an apos- a matter of this nature. That statetolic revival of doctrine, and a new ment of Mr. Gladstone led me to look epoch began in the Church. Just then into this subject more carefully. I God unveiled secrets hidden hitherto; fonno that about two hundred and the mariner's compass to guide ships over unknown seas; the printing fifty of the greatest inventions known press to multiply copies of the Word to man have all come since 1837, the of God; steam, not only to drive ships vear in which I was born, and one over seas and carriages over land, can speak intelligently of the time of his own habitation on this planet but to be yoked with the printing if he has been watching the course of press for the multiplication of copies events. I will not stop to mention all of the Vorc!; and paper to supply of these wonderful discoveries, but cheap material, without which such only remind you that before the Vicmultiplication would have been almost torian era opened there was not a impossible, so as to bring them within reach of the average man. Tell me, steam vessel on the sea nor a steam as yon look at these things, is not carriage on the land; not a telegraph history His-story? vVas He not back in operation; no such thing as a of this preparation for the translation daguerreotype or photograph, a sew- ing machine or a typewriter, a phonoof His Gospel, for its world-wide graph or a telephone; no antiseptics transmission, publication and dissem- or anesthetics known, and, of course, ination, for the indefinite multiplica- no wireless telegraph. These are tion of copies of the Scriptures at are only a few of the hundreds of insuch price as is easily within the reach ventions and discoveries which belong to this wonderful modern era which of all? Go to the British and Foreign happens to coincide with the reign of Bible Society in London, or to the Queen Victoria. American Bible Society in New York, and for the average -price of about God has heen doing a work in our two trolley fares YOll may buy a copy

day more marvelous than ever He these centuries because He wants to wrought in the days of the Hebrews supply His Church with wheeled charwhen they came forth from Egypt and iots that move rapidly, yoked to steeds entered into the land of promise. of His own invention, and which na- Those were material miracles, in the ture has locked in silence and secrecy physical sphere; but these are in the until His time came, and the Church intellectual, religious, spiritual realms, aroused herself to the great work of and such are always far more wonder- evangelizing the world. ful than those that have to do with materia! things. The ancients used to boast their seven wonders of the world ! We See what God is doing! In some have seven wonders in our day, all respects He has permitted the human cosmopolitan; that is to say, they race to touch the limits of possibility. have to do with the whole race of For example, take the telegraph. In man; they are all novel, peculiar to the nature of the case, the communica- the age in which we live; and they tion of news can never be quicker than are all supernatural, inexplicable withinstantaneous. Take again wireless out Almighty God. We ought to look telegraphy. In the nature of the case, with a sense of trembling responsibilnothing can ever be more simple of transmission than that which needs ity lest all this be perverted to the no machinery but only the waves of uses of the devil. The greatest fear I have is that we shall so get our eyes ether to carry it. Moreover, if man, off God as to construe all this material by means of an instrument can see a progress as the result of human inthousand times further than with his vention and research, and turn it all naked eve, or hear a thousand times to the purposes of greed, commercial further than with his unaided ear, or enterprise, and what we c;tll consolimove a hundred times faster than he dation and concentration, entirely forcould walk, or lift a hundred or a thousand times as much as with his getting God! own arm, do you not see that man iVhat are these seven wonders? becomes to all intents and purposes gigantic? The giant of old that had World-wide exploration: Since Carey seven-league boots and made strides offered to go to India, the world has of twenty-one miles at every step was been explored, ami, as an Irishman a faint foreshadowing of the gigantic misht say, there is nothing in the stature and powers of the human race world undiscovered. There is reason to believe that we now know whatever to-day. Yet I venture to say that the is on this planet. World-wide COIllgreat majority of people never stop 11Umication: Ve have bored through to think of these things and to put the mountains and crossed the sea8 these facts together. It means that until there are now practically no ob- God is calling His Church to a new stacles between nations. And there work with Him, commensurate with comes, in consequence, world-wide her new opportunities, facilities and assimilation. We get to know one anprivileges. It means that God is try- other and to have prejudices removed ing His people to see whether, with that were founded in ignorance. The all these mUltiplied opportunities of Chinese are coming to know that there reaching the world, she is going to is something worth cultivating in the be apostate to her great trust. acquaintance of "foreign devils." Coming into contact with other peo- In these days the bulk of people are ples, the wrong impressions previousattributing what belongs to God, to man. They say: "How wonderful ly held are dissipated. And so in anthe human mind! See what research other generation there will come and genius achieve!" Most of us for- world-wide fraternization. Joseph get that God has drawn aside the veil Cook said that in the last century the from that which has been hidden all great achievement was world-wide neighborhood; in the twentieth, it

would be world-wide brotherhood. pareel in progress with that which has And then there is world-wide educa- just dosed. There have been, at the tion: Education is going all over the least calculation, two hundred revivals continents, in countries whose dark- in religion in those fifty years, and ness has been so deep as to be practical fifty of these among the most remarkmidnight for centuries. W orid-wide able the world has ever known. emancipation: No respectable nation on the earth holds slaves. Where I need only call your attention to slave traffic is, it is carried on private- the revival in Madagascar, where Ra- Iy and secretly, in an underhanded navaona II. put the Bible on her fashion, not as an open system. Eng- court table and married her own land freed her slaves in 1838, then prime minister, both becoming pro- Russia her serfs, and America in the fessed Christians and undertaking to late conflict of the Civil War struck build up the Empire on the basis of the fetters from 4,000,000 of bond- Holy Scripture. men. So the great nations stand to- In Hilo and Puna, on the Hawaiian day without any recognized system of Islands, there was in the early part of slavery. World-wide federation: As- the last century a revival so remarksociation is the great word in our day. able that a three years' camp meet- If a new trade were invented and only was held. The people came from all two people understood it, they would parts, bringing their occupations and draw up an agreement b.efore noon utensils with them, and settled down, to-morrow regulating the conditions ready to meet for worship at any time under which they would carry it on. of day or night; and the rude primi- These constitute the movements of tive Church was so tightly packed that the h1lman race in our day! All cos- people could not stir; if necessary to mopolitan. novel and supernatural; carry anyone out it was over the all for a world-wide purpose; and in- heads of others. When Titus Coan explicable without the divine factor. began to preach, the sobbing, groaning and crying made it necessary for him Most wonderful of all modern facts to stop, stand still and see the salvaare the revivals of religion that have tion of God. taken place all over the world. A little more than fifty years ago the mem- Then there was that wonderful rebers of Luelhiana mission in India is- vival among the Telugus in 1878, sued a call for a week of prayer in when 2.222 people were baptized in J anuafy, which has ever since been ob- one clay, and within eleven months served. Personally 1 regret that it JO,OOO, by 11r. Jewett and Dr. Clough, was not permanently kept as a week a revival that is yet going on, so that of intercession for foreign missions. the largest Church in the world is The dividing the week up among many found, not in an evangelical commun- ity at home, but among the Telugus objects has taken away something of in India, where about 60,000 converts its uniqueness and peculiar charm, for, belong to the one Church. These are when that call was issued, it was with some of the things that God has been reference to a week of prayer for the doing- in our day and we treat them as evangelization of the world, and ought incredible facts. to have been kept sacred to its original ilJtent. Rut, notwithstanding the di- The revival now going on in Korea version from its original purpose, and is, I believe, one of the greatest that has taken place since the day of Pentediffusion over a wider fielel, God ac- cost. I have heard Korean missionknowledged that effort on the part of aries give accotlnts of it and nothing His people a half century ago as they has ever come to my knowledge that united in prayer to extend the bounds compares in magnitude and in marvels of Christendom and secure the evan- with what is taking place in Korea. gelization of the race! And there Little bands of converts, coming tonever was a half century that com- gether for a prayer-meeting and pre-

sided over by one of their own num- to the field of action the crisis of the ber, being unable to offer gifts of battle has come. So, when God, the money, volunteer personal labor, until great General-in-chief in the mission- in the conrse of an hour, several years ary field, calls all His reserves into of time in the aggregate have been action, we may know that the end of pledged by those simple Korean con- the ages is nigh. For centuries the 'Jerts for voluntary, unpaid service in only active parties in the churches carrying the Gospel to their fellow were adult men and women; young countrymen. We, sitting here enjoy- men and women then had little or nothing to cia in active service for God. ing the good things of the feast in In 1844, in the city of London, the Northfield, do not begin to know such first Young Men's Christian Associa- consecration to the work of evangel- tion of the world's history was formed ization as these recently gathered con- under George Williams' leadership, verts have demonstrated. There is a -the beginning of organized work for primitive apostolic Church in Korea young men. Then followed organized to-day, which may possibly, within the next ten years, lead the way among work for young women in the Young all the Oriental nations in evangelistic vVomen's Christian Association, and, activity. later, various young people's societies. Now there are no reserves left, ex- Again let me emphasize the fact cept the babies, and they are being that God is working a great work in trained in enthusiasm for missions by our day. Ve must watch and recog- Christian mothers from the cradle up. nize His working, and rise to our own Do you not see how God's signals in- responsibility. If the Church fails dicate that the decisive battle of the Him in these days, He will cast it ages is at hand? He is calling out all aside and raise up another people to His reserves, and it is doubly alarmdo His will, as He did with the Israel- ing if at such a time we lose sight of ites at Kadesh-barnea, that was so God! near the land of promise that it is not quite certain whether it was not in- Federation is one of the great signs of our cia v. Great Christian bodies side the border. In a few hours tbey are disposed to sink their differences could have entered and taken posses- and magnify their agreements and sian; but because they were afraid come together, lose sight of their preto face the giant sons of Anak, and vious animosities and form themselves were so unbelieving and hardhearted into great united organizations, and that they were even going to stone Caleb for encouraging them to go for- even denominations. There is no litward, God turned them back into the tle danger that we shall so magnify desert for thirty-nine years till they federation as to lose sight of vital .all left their carcasses in the wilder- truth. If any such great truth is ness. If the Church of God in this sacriflced for the sake of outward generation does not arise to the work union it will be a curse. We must of the world's evangelization, He will not remove the ancient landmarks cast us aside and raise up another gen- which the fathers have set up and eration to do His will. bathed in martyrs' blood, for the sake Let me add a word of admonition of a mere external unity. I was once and warning. I have already said asked to go to a Church to bring it that one great danger is that we shall into harmony. I said that I had supattribute to man what really belongs posed it was united. "Yes," was the to God; another risk is that we shall reply, "it is united-frozen solid." It not heed God's signals. For instance, is possible to have a unity that is a God in these days is calling out all unity of frost and not of fire. It is His reserves. In all decisive battles likewise possible to have a unity that of the world, whenever the general- is superficial and artificial and secured in-chief has summoned all his reserves at the cost of doctrine that is vital

THE INCREDIBLE FACTS OF MODERN MISSIONS

and principle that is essential. Never 1,500 miles north and south. And sacrifice essentials for the sake of yet with a world that is only about ten externals. Let us have federation, times as big in territory we have been but only on the part of disciples who all these centuries and have not yet agree on the great foundations, like reached every soul once with the tIle inspiration of the Scriptures, the proclamation of the Gospel. I can not read the Book of Esther without feeldeity of JeSl1S Christ, His miraculous ing ashamed of the Church of Christ. About 20,000 laborers from the whole hirth, and resurrection; but, for God's Church and $20,000,000 to support sake, let 11S not seek external bonds of them. And yet single believers, in federation at the expense of the vital evangelical churches own so much truths of the Christian faith. money that, if piled up in silver dol- lars one on top of another, the pile Let us not turn all this magnificent would reach miles upward in the athuman progress in the mere direction mosphere! Where is our enthusiasm of commercial enterprise. The Granel for God? Central Station in New York, on which was spent $500,000 for rebuild- Thousands and millions of people ing a few years ago, is now being have not yet seen a missionary nor pulled down as tho it were a child's heard the first proclamation of the toy, and millions will be expended on Gospel. This assembly room has in the new station and its approaches. it as many as equal one-eighth of the Fifty years ago men would have hesi- missionary forces in the world that tated to spend a million, where now the Christian Church sends into heathey do not hesitate to spend a hun- then and papal countries. We do not dred million. I am told also that the know what consecration is or what Pennsylvania Railroad will spend giving is. I want to see the day when $r80,ooo,ooo before they get through people beget and bear and rear chilwith present outlay, and that it will dren for the mission tield; when they cost $2,000,000 a year to keep the New restrict their expenses for the sake of York station running. having more to give; when believers limit their indulgence, forgo fine Where is our enthusiasm for God? houses, collections of art and of books, The Student Volunteers have put and all forms of needless outlay for upon their printed matter a motto temporal things, for the sake of the which I had the honor to suggest to spiritual welfare of <l lost race. them twenty-five years ago: "The Evangelization of the ;Vorld in This I beseech you, take this matter into Generation." Some people look at new consideration before Almighty that as a wild dream. But if we read God and do not sleep until you have the Book of Esther we find that three communed with the ;Vonder Worker times during the period covered by that book imperial proclamations were of Ollr day, and have solemnly asked sent out that reached every individual Him, "Lord, what wilt thou have me in that great kingdom which extended to do?" about 3,000 miles east and west and

THE MISSIONARY COMMITTEE CAN DO*

BY J. CAMPBELL WHITE General Secretary of the Laymen's 1Iissionary Movement IO)NE of the greatest needs year to year. Statistical blanks m.ay ~. in the church life of be obtained on application. our day is the develop- 2. Study your Church as a factor ment and wise use of in the world-wide propagation of the Gospel, and plan to lead it out to its volunteer workers. If highest efficiency.

_ the 200,000 churches of 3. Adopt and carry through a com- prehensive plan of missionary educa- North America are to tion for the entire Church. This should indudebe enlisted deeply and permanently in ea.) Regular missionary meetings missionary activity, a very large force conducted bv members of the Church of such workers will be required. probably m~nthly.

Thus far one of the finest opportu- (b) The wide use of missionary pamphlets and books, and the taking nities that has appeared for splendid of subscriptions for missionary maga- zines. Every missionary committee volunteer service is a" members of mis- member should be a subscriber to Men and Missions as well as to the missionary committees. There are three sionary magazine of his own Church.

kinds of these committees, which are (c) The organization of Mission Study Classes or Discussion Groups needed to work cooperatively, in order at some favorable period each year.

to reach out to the last church and (d) An intensive period of mission- ary instruction through all Church orthe last member of each church. ganizations once a year, continuing for at least one month preceding the or- These three kinds of committees are: ganized personal canvass for subscrip- tions to missions. 1. The Missionary Committee in 4. Adopt and carry through a comeach local church; prehensive plan of missionary finance for the whole Church. This will in- 2. The denominational Missionary volve– Committee of each district composing (a.) The official adoption of the weekly missionary offering together a group of churches, whether that with such public instruction upon its advantages as will lead the members district is known as Presbytery, Clas- generally to use this plan.

sis, Association, District or Diocese. eb) Supplementing the regular 3. The City or County Committee weekly offering to missions by special thank-offerings, preferably at the of the Laymen's Missionary Move- Christmas and Easter seasons.

ment. (c) The organization and conduct of an annual personal canvass of the At the present moment there must entire congregation for a weekly sub- scription to missions, not resting satisbe at least a guarter of a million men fied until all of the members and many adherents have become systematic who are members of one or other of contributors.

these three kinds of committees. Cd) Promoting in every way possi- There is work enough to keep a whole million men busy, if this work is to be done thoroughly among the churches of the United States and Canada. The following condensed outline of the duties of these commit- tees has been prepared with great care, in consultation with the leaders of many different denominations and is commended to church-members gener- ally for their thoughtful considera- tion: The Commi.Hee in the Lecal Church I. "Take stock" at least annually, and keep permanent records, so that the growth of missionary interest and contributions can be measured from * From The Christian Missionary, ble the adoption of higher standards of The Denominational District Committee Christian stewardship. Bible classes, literature, addresses, testimony and I. Hold regular meetings of the prayer will all have a place in such a committee to keep in touch with what plan. is being done and to plan and pray for larger success. ee) Promoting among churches and 2. Get a missionary committee ap- Christians generally the practise of pointed in every Church, and keep a giving at least as much to missionary correct list of their names and adwork at home and abroad as they give dresses. for the support of the local Church. 3. Lead these committees to adopt (f) Keeping the church-members such a program of work as outlined from supposing that their "apportion- above, and cooperate with them heartment" is the measure of their duty. ily in carrying it out. In many cases it is only a fraction of what should be given. 4. Hold occasional conferences of the members of the missionary com- 5. Stimulate prayer for missions mittee of the churches of the district, to share experiences and plan for and missionaries on the part of the larger things. whole membership. This may be done 5. Subdivide the Church of the disby·- trict among the members of the dis- trict committee for continuous culti- ea) Emphasis upon the place and vation and frequent report.

importance of prayer as the most 6. Assist each church in the district, powerful method of work. that desires it, in holding some special meetings for the benefit of its own ( b) The circulation of helpful liter- members. A late afternoon and an ature on this subject. evening session, taking supper to- gether, give opportunity for a most ec) The circulation and use of profitable discussion.

prayer calendars. 7. Keep accurate, permanent statis- tical records of all the churches in the ed) Public prayer for missions in district, showing the progress from year to year, in their missionary efforts the church services, mid-week prayer- and contributions. Secure report meetings, Sunday-school, and all other blanks from the Laymen's Missionary church meetings. Movement.

(e) The enlistment of people to S. Seek to get every missionary pray habitually for some specific mis- committee member in your district to sionary. become a regular subscriber to Men ,;lld Missions, as well as to his own 6. Help to discover the recruits t[(:'nominational missionary magazine. needed for missionary service, at home :,Jo committee member can attain his and abroad. highest efficiency without this invalu- able assistance. 7. Promote habits of daily Bible study and prayer on the part of all 9. Keep in close touch with the mis- Christians, that there may be the spir- sionary work in other denominations itual health and vigor essential for that you may both give and receive world-wide Christian conquest. as much help as possible. This can be best accomplished through the city 8. Stimulate personal evangelism, or county committees of the Laymen's as an essential part of Christ's world- Missionary Movement. program.

9. Hold meetings of the committee regularly once each month to plan and pray for the largest measure of efficiency. At the beginning of each year a written policy for the coming year, embodying as many of the above lines of work as practicable, should be carefully worked out and adopted by the committee.

EDITORIALS

A LETTER FROM KOREA froll1 all over Korea Has witnesses,·'

Seoul, Korea, July 3, 1912. so they were told. As soon as they reached Seoul, however, they were O NE never knows when a letter will thrown into prison, where they lived be opened by the Japanese, and on the cold stone floors, never any we have felt that, up to the present heat. Twice a day a bucket of poor time, it would only make them harder rice and beans was brought in by a on the poor prisoners and more sus- guard, and a handful of it thrown at picious of us than they are, to make each prisoner. They were not allowed public many of the things that have to speak to each other, and in this happened. way they passed several weeks. Fi- nally they were taken before the Gen- In the spring the Japanese began darmery Court, one at a time. The making arrests of our school boys procedure there was that a series of here in Seoul. Nearly all the gradu- questions were asked about plots to ates, who were strong Christian boys, assassinate the Governor-General, or were arrested from around in the plots against the government. If the country where they were teaching. boys and men said they die! not know, They were charged with some in- or denied the accusations, they were definite plots against the government. tortured in various and barbarous Several of those arrested and tried ways. Sometimes, after they became were banished, some were sentenced delirious, they would assent to everyfor a period of years in prison at thing. Then, after a few weeks they hard labor, and a few were released, were sent up to the Procurator. There but all, I think, testified to having they were asked the same questions. been beaten and tortured in various If they denied the charges here they ways to make them testify. Many were sent back to the Gendarmes, of them were perfectly innocent, tho where th.ey were tortured till they a few may have been leaders of se- again assented. This boy I spoke of cret societies that may have had some went through this for seven times. plans of freeing Korea some day from At last they told him they would kill Japan. All that we have ever heard him if he came back again, so he gave of the plans of these societies-which his testimony to the procurator falsely, were mainly composed of school boys and so went on up to the regular -was that they enthusiastically urged court, where he was tried before a everyone to study and prepare them- judge and found innocent, and reselves in years to come to be ready leased. Isn't that awful? Perfectly to control their own government innocent men who were only taken when they should be free. Of course, up as witnesses. Well, the big trial no Christian Korean ever had any is on now-began last week. There thought of murder or assassination have been four days of it. There are in mind. One of our graduates, by about 50 men from Syen Chun, a the way, was beaten to death in good many from Pyeng Yang, and prison at this time. Another, whom some from Seoul-137 in all. All but we believe implicitly, was hung up a very few are Christians, and most by the thumbs until he was uncon- of those are leaders in the church. scious, seven_ different times. This is the system of this beautiful and civil- Excitement is high. Up to the ized country. People, during the past present, 50 men have been examined. year, have been brought up to Seo111 All have stood together as knowing nothing of any plot to murder the Christians; 13 catechumens; 3 new Governor-General, or of any of the believers; total, 85 Presbyterians.

charges brought against them. Every Also, 6 Southern Methodists, includ- man has said he only assented to the ing Baron Yun Chi Ho, one of the charges before because of the torture, finest Korean leaders in the country and many of them try to tell about -a strong Christian; 3 other believ- this torture but are shut off by the ers-no one seems to know just where j l1dge. they belong; I Roman Catholic; 2 There is no doubt but that it is an Congregationalists; 7 unknown; 22 attack on the church and against the heathen-that is, they are not Chris- missionaries. Over and over again tians.

the prisoners are asked such aues- The associated press man here is lions as, "Did you not confer with the no good. He is under the Japanese.

missionaries about the plot to kill the In fact, nothing goes out but the Governor-General?" "Did not the· authorities have fixt it up to suit missionaries give you pistols and tell themselves. So you doubtless will you to kill so-and-so?" All the mis- see many conflicting reports. Just sionaries' names in Syen Chun and remember one thing: The Korean Pyeng Yang are being involved. Christians in this thing are true, 1Ve are very much afraid that even brave men, and we believe them as tho all the testimony is against the we do ourselves. Pray for them, for charges, yet the Japanese will bring the Church, and for the Japanese.

in hired witnesses later, and accept All this only proves how pitiably the only their testinlony, and condemn Japanese need the Gospel. Poor the Christians as liars, etc. There is people!

no doubt at all but that the whole plot is made up, and there is not a HOW GOOD MEN HINDER CHRIST single Christian of the 50 already ex- Pastors Take Notice amined who' is guilty of anything O against the government. But we all DR Lord stated two propositions in regard to working in the Great comfort ourselves by the thought that God rules, and He will not allow his Campaign. First, "He that is not church to suffer. It all has some against us is for us" and second, "He good purpose in it, and will result that gathereth not with me, scatter- in good. Our hearts ache for the eth." The first militates against a dear Korean prisoners, for all they narrow sectarian spirit that would have suffered. It is perfectly won- disfellowship those who work in the derful how they have come through name and power of Christ but are not it. Many who were weak Christians connected with a certain organiza- have been strtngthened, and all are tion. The second warns against those more consecrated than ever before. who, under the guise of friendship Before the trial began, nine of the and broad liberality, actually sow dis- prisoners were exiled-without trial cord and tares or pull up the grow- -tho the J apallese lawyers confess ing grain, when they pretend to be that that is agaimt the law. The sowing and cultivating good seed. report is out that they were maimed and crippled by the tortures, so they There are various ways in which did not dare bring them up before good men hinder Christ and His work the public. -they misrepresent Him, or dis- courage His workers, or pull back in- Here is a list of the men who have stead of forward in the traces or they been arrested in the present conspir- encourage those who are sowing tares acy case: 5 Presbyterian ministers, nnder the label "wheat." This last pastors of churches; 6 elders; 9 hindrance has recently been experihelpers, in charge of smaller churches; enced in the visit of Abdul Beha to 8 deacons; beside these, 42 baptized America as it was experienced in the

cO'1ling of Swami Vivekananda and happened to dine the other Sunday at a house where there was a young lady others. Withont waiting to examine of unusually good intelligence. The question of Abbas Effendi and his the purity of their characters, the sin- teaching came up, and she insisted that there must be something to him, cerity of their profest beliefs or the or such sane men as Dr. C– would never have let him speak in fruit of their teachings, Christians in- their churches. Of course, she had much more reason to trust Dr. C–'s vite propagandists to their homes and saneness than mine, and so any- thing that I could say was unavailing even Christian Ministers presume to to prove to her that Behaism has nothing whatever to offer to Chrisopen their pulpits for these opponents tianity.

of Christ to proclaim their smooth "But I am sure that the chief harm of such mistaken hospitality is the sounding but insidious doctrines. A effect that it has on the mission field. The Behaists of Persia are everywhere recent letter from an honored mis- proclaiming that there are a mil- lion followers of the Beha in Amersionary explains some of the evils of ica and that they are increasing in this false liberalitv. Rev. Robert M. numbers continually. Last year after Labaree of Persia writes under date Abdul Beha's visit to England and the of July 30, 1912. cordial reception he met with by such men as Canon 'Wilberforce and "I can not tell you how troubled I Reginald Campell, the Behaists in our have been to find in enlightened region immediately began to tell of it America so many people interested and point to it as proof that the West in, and I might almost say fas- was all ready to accept the new faith. cinated with, Abdul Beha and It seemed to me that we missionaries his teaching, and to learn that were receiving a stab in our backs by clergymen of as much poise and those who ought to have been the of as high standing as Dr. C– first to hold lip ollr hands." have been lending him their pUlpits. I wish that I had some way of con- N ow, we would earnestly suggest vincing these good people that Beha- to Christians at home, however enism as preached in America is very lightened and broad they may believe different from the Behaism of Persia; that in the East it is essentially Mo- themselves to be, that they consider hammedan in its emphasis on the ex- well and ask the missionaries before ternals of religion as well as in its they give credence or countenance to standards of morals; and that its talk men and women from the Orient or on love and universal peace and the to any other teachers and disciples Fatherhood of God and brotherhood of new religions. It is particularly of man is largely assumed for West- true that men, to whom has been given ern consumption. The Abdul Beha is the sacred trust of a listening congrean Oriental and like most Orientals, gation and the vantage ground of a he has the chameleon's power of Christian pupil, examine those who changing his color to suit his environ- come, claiming to be shepherds of the ment. ilock, lest they prove to be hirelings or robbers. "But the thing to which I would most like to call the attention of men like Dr. C– and R– C–, is the harm that they are doing in thus entertaining and advertising these wolves in sheeps' clothing. I am sure that they are hurting people here at home where there is now all too much of religious unrest. For example, I

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS JAPAN AND KOREA Many-sidedness of Things Japanese The New Emperor of Japan JAPA N is a country of violent con- trasts. Any statement in regard to T HE result of the death of Emperor the religious life of Japan is at present Ml1tsl1hito of Japan is awaited possible, provided it be not a general with interest. He was a progressive one. The fact is that every stage of ruler and introduced all the modern religious development is possible, from reforms in education, government, fetishism to atheism. The present military organization, etc. His son, religious condition of Japan presents Yoshihito who now becomes Emperor, before our eyes an epitome of the reis an intelligent man of high moral ligious development of the human character and the first Japanese ruler race. Fetishism, Shintoism, Buddhism to be a monogamist. Emperor Yoshi- (with its manifold divisions), Unitarhito, who is only thirty-three years ianism, Deism, Pantheism, Naturalold, has chosen for the motto of his ism, Atheism, Agnosticism, Spiritualreign Taisei (Great Righteousness). ism, Socialism and Anarchy, all re- May God give him wisdom and lead ligions and movements are represented him to faith in the King of kings and here, a grim spectacle of a natiOli's Lord of lords. spiritual struggles. Japan is probably not the greatest mission field in the The Power of Buddhism in Japan vvorld, but it stands to-day the most prosperons country, the most influen- S OME people are inclined to think tial, and greatest leader among the that Japan is becoming enlightened non-Christian nations of the world, a and that Buddhism is losing its power. nation with its consciousness of unity The following description of a great and solidarity highly developed, and Buddhist feast at Kyoto proves clear- withal, possessing a definite national ly that the power of the dark system hope and purpose.-Bishop Lea. is not broken: A million pilgrims, it is said, came to that city for its cele- Manifold ChriS:lian Progress bration, and a special railway depot had to be built for their accommoda- " 0 N March 10, 1872 , the first Christion. A thousand miles away in tian church in Japan was organ- Northern Japan the railway author- ized, with eleven members, by Rev. ities stopt selling tickets to women, James Bellagh, in Yokohama. From because the cars were dangerously the first there was a large proportion overcrowded. Ten thousand people of students among the Christians, and paid over $25 to wear blue robes at this they were enthusiastic in promoting festival; 2,000 paid over $50; 1,000 Christianity. In 1907 the Protestant over $IOO; IOO paid $250, and 120 Christians of Japan numbered 57,830, gave $5,000 each for the privilege of members of various churches. These donning green robes. The chief abbot Christians have been generous, selfwore a $1,500 gown which was worn sacrificing, and fr0111 among them only once. Two thousand priests have come strong native leaders. danced all night around the figure of the founder of the sect. Many pil- "From the beginning medical work grims were crusht to death in the has had a great place in Christian miscrowds, probably purposely sacrificing sionary life. It has advanced the themselves, since they were immedi- cause of Christ greatly; it has stimuately canonized as gods. lated the Japanese to study and prac- tise medical work. Medical science,

government hospitals have advanced sight of one of those prison services, with surprizing rapidity in Japan. with Mr. Sakamoto preaching, against 'vVork among the lepers has been, the background of a Buddhist shrine, more recently, widely and greatly car- guarded by two priests, the official ried on. chaplains of the prison, and with the "Philanthropic work has taken criminals in their red kimonos listen- l1lany forms. Famine in the islands ing intently and even sobbing aloud for has been met by large contributions mercy, was one never to be forgotten.

from the people of the East, and -Missionary Herald.

Japan sent $200,000 to America at A Buddhist Priest Baptized the time of the San Francisco earth- A quake and fire. Orphanages, asylums, MONG those recently baptized at Shimo-Shibuya, a suburb of Tohomes, industrial schools and other humanitarian institutions have been kyo, was a Buddhist priest and his promoted by Christians. 'About one- family. He belonged to one of the half of all regular organized benevo- largest temples in Kyoto, and all his lent institutions of the land' are in the relatives are of pritstly families. hands of the Christians, who com- When he announced his decision to pose about one two hundred and fifti- become a Christian, they expostulated eth part of the entire population." strongly, and at first he wavered.

Transforming a Prison Then his little child became very ill, but in answer to the prayers of some T HE recent death of Rev. N. Saka- of the Christians was wonderfully moto, at Sapporo, in Northern healed, and this thoroughly confirmed Japan, calls fresh attention to a re- his faith, and he wrote to his people markable figure in the Christian his- announcing his final decision. They tory of that empire. In the troublous wrote in reply, excommunicating him times, when Japan was changing her from temple and family. After the government, he was made a political service one morning he related his prisoner. His sympathies were drawn religious experiences, con fest how he upon in behaH of other prisoners, and had wavered and spoke of his repent- when he came under missionary in- ance and his present firm decision.

fluence, he accepted Christianity, and Then he produced the letter he had decided to devote his life to spread- received the day before from the head ing that faith. The way had been of his clan, excommunicating him, prepared for his coming by a Chris- and read it to the congregation who tian governor of the prison, Governor heard it with much joy and thanks- Kuroki. Here were confined prison- giving. Of course, he loses all finan- ers on long-term sentences, many of cial support from the temple.-R£'7J.

them for life, regarded as the worst TV. r. Buncombe.

criminals of Japan; they had been Is Japan a Persecutor? brought together from other prisons A in all parts of the empire, and repre- CABLE message from Korea an- nounces that the trial of the sented the lowest dregs of Japanese life. In this forbidding prison, Saka- Korean Christians accused of con- moto so wrought, that the rnen went spiracy against the Japanese Govern- about their tasks with a new spirit, ment is now in progress. Counsel bearing their punishment and perform- and the presence of a certain number ing their labors with faithfulness, and of missionaries at the trial was even with enthusiasm, their faces granted to the accused. Seven Korean transfigured with joy when they saw Christians were banished without their beloved teacher. trial, and fifty testified that they had Under the administration of this been subjected to torture during their man, hundreds of criminals and scores imprisonment, ana denied the charge of warders became Christians. The of conspiracy. Another cable message

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stated that, in all, 103 persons were What One Christian- Endured held on charges. Nearly all of them are professing Christians. Count Te- DR. JONES tells the story of a rauchai, the Governor-General, has de- Korean searcher after truth who clared that it is the desire of the gov- came from a distance, spent three ernment to cooperate heartily with days and nights conferring with him the missionaries in their work, and no about Christ, and was finally baptized. suspicion of any complicity of fore- On reaching home he confest his new knowledge on the part of missionaries faith without reserve. The clan of is held by the government. Count which he was the head listened to his Terauchai is reported to have said: story with intense indignation. In "I and my successor will always live view of this opposition he offered to up to the promises and the program resign his position and property to laid down when Japan first assumed anyone they should elect in his stead, the control and government of Korea. but as he was the only heir and in The instructions of the Emperor are the necessary line of ancestor wotthat religion and politics must be kept ship, this was rejected. There was apart. In other words the State and more discussion and rising anger, un- Church form two different branches. til one of the most bitter struck him I:oth, however, tend to the same goal, in the face. At this the fury of the which is the betterment of the peopie, clan broke loose upon him. He was and hath 111Ust cooperate." beaten to the ground, stamped upon and left terribly injured. When Dr. The Prayer-life in Korea Jones heard of it he hurried to his relief and found him suffering from I N an article on mission-work in internal hemorrhages. Being asked Korea, in the International Review about his experience the sick man of Missions, Dr. Heber Jones writes: said: "This is the way my Lord went. "The Korean Church IS distinguished I am glad He has honored me by alfor the power of its prayer-life. The lowing me to follow Him." When individual Christian has not yet be- told by the doctors that he might not come weary of the privilege of prayer, live long he exclaimed: "Then what and has a supreme faith in its value is left of life shall be given my Lord." as a primary method of work in ex- He got a cartful of books, returned tending the Church. Family-prayer to the district where he had been so is a feature in the Christian homes, bitterly hanelled and spent three years and the native Church would be in- in colportage work. At the end of clined to discipline a man who failed that time he was taken with a sudden tu maintain its privilege for the mem- hemorrhage and fell asleep in Jesus. hers uf his hOl1seholcl. It is 110t an Ele~'en churches had been fuunded by l11lusual thing to find men giving him ill tlie hrief millistrv of thrl'C themselves to prayer lasting through- :years! out the night. The official members in local churches spend much time in Leprosy in Korea prayer over their problems. The attendance at the mid-week prayer LEPROSY is practically unknown in services is remarkable, for it is not Northern Korea. Rarely cases are difficult to gather a Korean congregation together for prayer. It is the found north of Seoul. But in the custom in many churches for the en- southern provinces some 30,000 lepers tire congregation, when under deep are thought to live. In the Chulla and feeling, to break _out spontaneously the Kyeng Sang provinces many lepers in audible prayer. These scenes are are begging along the roadside, while never attended with disorder, and in- frequently sufferers from the terrible dicate, not so much an ebulition of disease are living in the same house emotion, as a deep and solemn ex- or even the same room with the other pression of the desire of the heart." members of the family, or are in the midst of the worshipers in Christian

churches, utterly unconscious of the untainted children is also much needed, threatening danger of contamination. these children at present being adopted Thus, the number of lepers in Korea by families in outside homes. But is rapidly increasing, especially among the Mission to Lepers in India and the the poor and middle classes. The most East is lacking the necessary funds to common practise of those who discover open any new work at present.

that the disease has taken hold of How Korean Students Give them, is to burn out with a red-hot T iron, or with some powerful caustic, HE Korean students in Tokyo were lately given an opportunity all spots on the body which have lost sensation. The wounds thus created to contribute toward a building for are seldom treated properly, become their student association. A number inflamed, commence to fester, and fre- of large subscriptions had been se- quently the blood poison reaches the cured beforehand, but before any of bone or destroys life altogether. these could be announced a poor Medical missionaries report that lepers student, who earns his living by cook- in Korea often chop off fingers and ing for a number of other students toes in trying to rid themselves of the attending an Industrial School at disease, which they wrongly think is night, arose and said that he wanted limited to the spots where sensation to help. His SUbscription of yen 4.50 is lacking. made a great impression as the stu- The Mission to Lepers in India and dents knew how very poor the man the East, always ready to come to the was and what a sacrifice it meant.

aid of the missionaries of other so- Subscriptions then began to come in cieties in their labor of love among thick and fast so that the secretaries lepers, has entered the field in South- could with difficulty record them. The ern Korea, and is doing a blest subscriber of the smallest amount, work. The Asylum at Fusan, to our yen 1.50, was acknowledged as having knowledge the only institution of its "given more than they all," like the kind in Korea, has been founded. The poor widow. He was at one time a method of treatment is that of isola- lieutenant in the Korean army, a grad- tion, while at the same time an effort uate of the Military School in Seoul.

is made to lift up the poor sufferer After resigning his commission he and to teach the people the dangers of came to Tokyo, being supported at contagion. Ever since the asylum was tirst by a friend. vVhen this support opened, a constant stream of appli- was cut off, he began to sell milk, cants for admission has been coming wilich occupation he still follows. At to the doors of the missionary in midnight he arises and buys milk for charge, and it has been crowded with morning deliverr. which he starts at pitiful cases of suffering. The asylum 4 A. M. The afternoon he spends has done much good, not only to the studying in his room, while in the minds and bodies of its inmates, but evening he attends night-school. Thus also to the natives in the surrounding he manages to earn from 10 to 12 villages, to whom it has given a prac- yen per month, out of which he has tical example of Christian philan- to meet all his expenditures for food, thropy. clothing, school fees, etc. Knowing Other asylums are urgently needed this, one does not wonder at the re- and an especially touching appeal mark of the Korean secretary, when comes from Kwangj u. There the mis- the SUbscription was announced, "This sionary in charge has equipped two is the largest yet."

small rooms from funds collected in Of the 233 men present at the his own mission station. In these meeting, r67 subscribed, their sub- rooms seven pitiable cases of leprosy scriptions amounting to yen 1,365.

are now being cared for, but 100 beds The majority of these men are very could easily be filled. A home for the poor, yet all gave most liberally.

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CHINA College, of which he is head-master in the Chinese department." "I New Men at the Front HAVE just attended a very in- Training School Opened Near Shanghai teresting ceremony," writes the Rev. S. Evans Meech, of Peking- A SCHOOL for the training of "the foundation-stone laying of the catechists in the district of Shang- new Y. M. C. A. building by the new hai was dedicated on Easter Day by Premier, Tang Shao-yi. The other Bishop Graves of the Protestant speakers were the new men of China. Episcopal Church. It has a most Our pastor, Ch'eng Ching-yi, spoke. satis factory group of buildings ami The chairman was a young man, a begins with a large number of studteacher in the Methodist School. The ents. If the history of the training secretary is a Chinese scholar of the school at Han-kow, founded a num- American Board, educaleO 111 Amer- ber of years ago, is repeated in the ica. Another speaker, who came to Shanghai district, the accommodarepresent the President, Yuan Shih tions will soon be overcrowded by Kai, spoke in fluent English, and is Chinese who desire to teach their own the son of a member of the English people. Episcopal Mission, educated in England; last year he married again and School for the Children of Missionaries Mr. Ch'eng was asked to conduct the service at his house, all the guests in China kneeling in prayer. Again another, who is an Under Secretary of State, pERHAPS the greatest hardship of an out-and-out Christian, was edu- the missionaries' life is the separcated at Yale. The new Minister of Education was also one of the speak- ation of parents and children, when ers. Perhaps the best address was by the latter have reached the age at Dr. C. T. 'Wang, president of the which they must go to school. Many Shanghai Y. M. C. A., educated also societies have tried to make this time at Yale, and now Under Secretary of of separation easier for both parents the Board of Commerce and Agricul- and children by providing special ture; he too is an out-and-out Chris- homes for the children in the hometian man. He pointed to the Bible land. But even the best boardingas the only true foundation of indi- school is not able to take the place of vidual and national life."-London the parental home, and the only right Chronicle. solution of the problem seems to us the establishment of good schools for A Chinese Woman Deacon the missionaries' children in the fields. Therefore we greeted with joy and PROBABLY for the first time in satisfaction the decision of the Con- the historv of the Church of ference of Federated Missions in Christ in Chilla, a woman has been Japan to open a school for foreign appointed deacon of a Congregational children in Tokyo (see MISSIONARY Church. We take the statement from REVIEW, June I9I2, p. 403), and we the Chronicle of the L. M. S. :-"Miss record with gladness the step taken Lem, who is a medical doctor, is now in China. The Missionary Board of one of the deacons of the London the Protestant Episcopal Church in- Missionary Society Chinese church augurated a movement looking toward in Canton. Among the other deacons the establishment of a school for the is Mr. Chung Ving Koung, whom the children of missionaries in China. republican government have just ap- The Presbyterian Board of Foreign pointed director of education for the Missions at once joined in the effort, whole province, being loaned to the and the establishment of the school government by the Canton Christian at Kuling, in the province of Kiang- si, seems assured. It is believed that other missionary boards will join in this effort to prevent that tragedy of

mIssIOnary life-the separation of $320,000 will be required for the three parents and children for long periods. years. Allowing one residence for two unmarried missionaries and one A Significant Sign of the Times for each family, 80 residences would be required. The average cost, in- THIS phrase may well be applied cluding land, grading, wall, heating, to the bulk of the contents of and screening, is $4,000, or $320,000 the June issue of the Chinese Re- for the eighty residences. corder; for there are among the head- ings of the editorials: "The Mission By-products of the Famine in China," "Chinese Churches and the Missions," "Authority of Chinese T HE burdens which Chinese fam- Christians," "Vider Spheres of Mis- ines impose on the missionaries sion Vork," and these are some of are not slight ones. One could wish the contributed articles: "The Func- that at these times of crisis competent tion of Missions in Modern China," business men might be found to volun- "The Basis of Missionary Authority," teer their assistance for some months. "Independence of Chinese Christians," Vhat a help two or three such would "The Part of the Chinese Church in have been to Mr. McCrea, who de- Mission Administration;" all these scribes his labors two years ago in from the pens of prominent mission- the Year Rook of Chinese Missions: aries. Vve have here a plain indica- tion of the fact that the Chinese "As treasurer of our missionary Church may very likely set up for it- committee, I received nearly half a self .at no distant day. million dollars in silver. The corre- spondence connected with my office Emergency Action for China was very heavy and took nearly .1l1 my time. In addition to this money, T HE General Assembly in Louis- the Christian Herald sent our commit- ville in May resolved that, "in tee a cargo of 80,000 fifty-pound bags view of the extraordinary emergency .of fiour." And the Shanghai relief now confronting the Church in China, committee received nearly $r,ooo,ooo, an effort be made to reinforce the which they mostly converted into fooel China missions within the next three in Shanghai and sent up to the misyears by the appointment of roo new sionaries 011 the famine field for dis- missionaries, irrespective of wives, tribution. It is estimated that, altho and the securing of special gifts in probably I,OOO,ooo died, foreign relief excess of the regular budget to cover saved nearly 1,000,000 others from the cost of maintenance, including starvation. Famines leave orphans the new property, and the enlarge- and these have to be cared for. The ment of the work which this rein- Christian 11 eruld has been, since 1908, forcement will involve." Assuming procuring funds for support of or- that 33 of the roo missionaries phans left destitute by the series of . will be single women, that 67 lean years. Two thousand children will be men, of whom about 60 are now being cared for anel educated will be married, this would make in 26 orphanage schools scattered r60 missionaries. The average annual over China. cost, through a series of years, in- cluding salaries, language teachers, INDIA furloughs, other necessary allowances and a part of the enlarged cost of the Bibles by the Million native work which such re-inforce- ments would involve, will be at least T HE Bible in Bengal has several in- $r ,000 each. If one-third of these teresting paragraphs concerning TOo missionaries are on the field the the work of the Bible Society in In- first year, two-thirds the second year dia. We read: "Quite recently ap- and the full number the third year, plication was made on the part of a whole village in Chota Nagpur for entrance into the Christian comrmlll-

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ity. The application is said to have Board of Missions, that the two soits origin in the finding by the road- cieties have been more closely unified side of a page of the Gospel accord- and their work been better organized, ing to St. John in the vernacular. and that, if possible, the efforts of This was read to the villagers by the the missionaries to meet the overchief man of the village with the re- whelming exigencies of the hour have sult that they all agreed to become been more definite, more consecrated, Christians. As a proof of the reality ami more intelligent. of their convictions, and the sincerity of their desire, they at once started to Hinduism Aroused to Action build a small chapel and a house for a catechist."-Since the reorganiza- A MISSIONARY in Allahabad tion of the various Indian and Ceylon tells in the C. M. S. Gazette of Auxiliaries in I906, the circulation of a conference of leading Hindus, to the Scriptures has risen very appre- consider what steps should be taken ciably, while the expenditure has re- to prevent people going over to mained very much what it was six Islam or to Christianity. This conyears ago. In I9I I the total circula- ference was the first of its kind' in tion effected by the B. F. B. S. agen- Indian or in Hindu history. It was cies in India, Burma, and Ceylon called a "Ghuddi" (purification) numbered I,009,008 copies as com- conference; and its object was to pared with 570,620 copies distributed consider the admission of non-Hindus in I90I. This is the first time that and of the outcastes to Hinduism, the Scriptures sold through the Bible and the readmission of repentant con- Society's depots in these three coun- verts. The most amazing thing is tries have exceeded I,OOO,OOO copies the new-born desire to lift the outin the year. The figures, large, as castes, numbering 60,000,000 in Inthey are, take no account of the Scrip- dia, lest they should be driven into tures sold by the Baptist Missionary the fold of Christianity or Islam. Societies in their own fields, or of the Scriptures privately imported, or sent The first two resolutions adopted out by societies and business firms in by this conference are: "That in Europe and America.-Indian Wit- the opinion of this conference it is ness. necessary and desirable: ( I) That the deprest classes throughout India India Convention of Disciples' be raised socially, spiritually, mentally and morally, and that steps be taken Missionat"ies for the achievement of this end.

T HE annual convention of the In- "( 2) To admit to the fold of Hin- dia missionaries of the Disciples duism those who desire it, after the of Christ was held in J1.lbb1.llpore, a perfol'mance of prayas-chitta (pentown in the Central Provinces, from ance, including the eating and drink- March 7 to 12. Over fifty mission- ing of the five products of the cow), aries were in attendance and the and Homa." meetings were marked by a spirit of harmony and earnestness. The gen- W omen Doctors in India eral theme discust was "Evangelism," and the addresses were encouraging T HERE are 150 ,000,000 of women and inspired the hearers to be yet in India, and the majority of more persistent and insistent in these, by reason of their moral and repreaching Christ and Him crucified. ligious teaching, can not attend a hos- The reports showed that the past year pital staffed by men. The high-caste i~8S been a year of great intensive purdah or veiled woman would rather progress in the work of both societies, endure real suffering and face certain the Foreign Christian Missionary So- death, while all Indian women, whatciety and the Christian Woman's ever their caste, instinctively shrink from men doctors. Vhen one reflects l1pon the mass of maternity work, and the vast number of cases of women's

diseases which follow on unattended of all the sects in the city, Greek Cachild-birth, it is not difficult to realize tholics, Orthodox, Roman Catholics, that the present provision of medical , rmenians, .l Iaronites, Syrians, Prorelief for Indian women is absolutely testants, Moslems, Druses, and Jews. inadequate. There is urgent need for It seems that all, except the Jewish a continual and large supply of medi- rabbi, came. No wine was served, cally-trained women for our Indian out of deference to the Moslem repre- Empire. There is work for many sentatives (it was stated). The spirit thousands of women doctors in India, of the invitation to "get together," and there are approximately only 400 sank all differences so far as possible, of them at the present time.-Dr. and a respect for each other's opinion, Chesson in the Zenana. prevailed at the gathering, which must be called "remarkable" indeed. From Hea.then to Christian Difficulties in Kurdistan BISHOP WARNE, of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, says that S OME time ago (MISSIONARY REhe has recently received word from VIEW, June 1912, p. 470), we India that during one month 34g mentioned that American Lutherans heathen altars were torn down, 6,000 have commenced work among the non-Christians turned to Christ ane! Kurds in Sautschbulak, Persia. The received baptism, and more than 10,- missionaries, one an ordained minis- 000 profest conversion. ter, the other a physician, sent out by the Inter-Synodical Evangelical Luth- The Plague in Siam ' eran Orient-Mission, reached Sautsch- bulak in the fall of 1911. At first REV. HOWARD CAMPBELL they were eagerly welcomed and the writes that malignant malaria ministrations of the physician were continues and spreads with no sign of highly esteemed. Then the Russian troops entered Persia, and the coming abatement. "The number of deaths of the American missionaries and the occupation of their country by the from both malaria and smallpox is soldiers of the Czar were somehow connected by the Kurds and much tremendous. The cemeteries are en- excitement and opposition ensued. Finally, Pastor Fossum, the missiontirely inadequate, and in places, preci- ary, hung a little bell in front of their abode, that its sounds might call the ous rice land is transformed into children to the missionary school throughout the week and invite the cemeteries. Among missirmary serv- Christians to the service of God on the Lord's Day. Fanatical Mohamants four deaths occurred recently. medans declared at once that the ring- ing of this bell was an insult to 1s- The people are becoming Christians lam, because it was intended to invite also the followers of the prophet to almost daily. This rate could be great- a Christian service, Pastor Fossum paid no attention to this declaration Iy accelerated if we had a few more and the bell was regularly rung, when one morning an open outbreak 0<:- dollars to send a few more with medi- curred. About roo sons of the pro- phet, i. e., pupils of a training-school cine and the Gospel message. We for Mohammedan priests, banded tohave many more good, effective na- gether and marched against the home of the missionaries, which they threattive medical evangelists who ought to ened to destroy_ The missionaries, be employed. Of the r,300 who have become Christians, more than 700 are in the district of which I have over- sight. So I speak from a definite knowledge of the situation. With more funds the number can be multi- plied many times, and these Christians are very stedfast."

MOSLEM LANDS A Remarkahle Dinner A FEW months ago the Greek Patriarch of Antioch visited Beirnt, and during his visit he gave a dinner to which he invited the heacIs

I9 12J WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

forewarned by fnends, appealed to the language, including thirteen organized Persian Governor and to the Turkish churches, with a membership of over Consul for protection, and some sol- I,300, ane! 2,250 in the Sabbath- diers were sent to the home just be- schools. This foreign constituency fore the mob arrived. It had in- creased to more than 200 fierce-look- contributed approaching $9,000 toward ing, wild men, who marched behind a Mohammedan flag to the beating of maintenance last year. The work in a big drum. The mob was well armed New York is especially developed with sticks, and guns, and revolvers. among the Italian communities, eight The house was quickly surrounded, churches being included. N ew York but the presence of the soldiers kept has also the largest Bohemian Sabthem back from an immediate attack. bath-school in the country, with an Then the Turkish Consul ordered enrolment of over 800. The Presbythem to move on, and when they did tery of Pittsburgh has an especially not obey, he and his few soldier~ well-developed work among the Slavic drove away the mob, using their sticks peoples, reporting eleven churches freely. Since then peace has pre- and missions, with a membership of vailed, and the bell continues to ring 390, and 660 in the Sabbath-schools. one-half hour before the services on Philadelphia has the leading Italian the Lord's Day. The work is hin- Presbyterian church in the country, dered somewhat by the fact that the reporting a membership of 490 with Kurdish language is very little estab- 400 in the Sabbath-schools. Chicago lished orthographically, and absolute- has nine centers, employing a foreign ly undeveloped along pulpit and ec- language, including four Italian, two clesiastical lines. No Christian hymns Bohemian, French, Chinese and Perand no cathechism have been trans- sian, under a most efficient Church lated into Kurdish, so that the mis- Extension Committee." sionaries must at once develop the language for the purposes of transla- To Make Citizens of Immigrants tion. O NE of the chief difficulties in Some wealthy Kurds in the villages making useful citizens of our around Sautschbulak seem to be very foreign population has been their undesirous to have missionary schools familiarity with our language. If established and have donated pieces they learn enough English to get of ground or even buildings for work and do their needful marketschools and dispensaries, and in the ing, many of them are content and city itself a young Kurd has presentee! indeed don't know how to go further. the Mission with a piece of ground, Preaching, public speaking, the direcabout half an acre, in the western tions of police or transportation ofpart. The Sunday-school, the Young ficers is all gibberish to them, and Men's Class, and the Primary School, when the officials resort to gestures in Santschbulak, are doing encourag- of force their bewilderment is only ing work, and a native pastor has increased. The Y. M. C. A. have been secured for evangelistic work. seen a chance right here to serve both the immigrant and the nation. AMERICA-UNITED STATES In Worcester, Mass., through the in- fluence of the Y. M. C. A. secretary, Presbyterian Work Among Foreigners a class of 43 Lithuanians are study- ing English, and classes for Italians REV. WILLIAM P. SHRIVER, and Greeks are forming. A manu- of the Home Board, makes the facturing company in Cleveland following summary of Presbyterian fot1nd among its foreign employees work among foreigners: "The most J60 men and 56 women who wanted extended local work is carried on in to learn English. The firm found 9 the Presbytery of New York, with young men on its office staff to do sixteen centers employing a foreign the teaching under the supervision of

the educational secretary of the Y. A Shining Example M. C. A. GRACE EPISCOPAL CHURCH, The Host of Foreign-born New York City, had an inCome last year of $242,000; and of this T HE latest statistics show that there large sum $S6,000 were expended for are 93,359 Japanese in the United the maintenance of the church itself, States, 56,760 of this number being ill and all the rest went to help other California. There are 2,514 Japanese people on the East Side to better the Christians in this State, or a little equipment of many charities in the over four per cent. San Francisco city, or to aid missions in the West has 6,988 Japanese residents; and of and in foreign fields. these 640 are members of Christian churches. Almost the same figures Substantial Aid for Foreign Missionaries might be used for Seattle and Los Angeles, showing that nearly ten per BOTH the Young Men's Christian cent. of the Japanese in the large Association and the Young Womcities have accepted our religion. This en's Christian Association have enis not a bad showing, when we re- larged their foreign departments, and member that in Japan only one-half promise increasing prominence and of one per cent. of the population are efficiency in foreign mi~sion work. connected with Christian churches. The Y. M. C. A. reports an increase About one-half of the work for these of $2,000,000 for its foreign work, people on the Pacific slope is under making possible 60 new buildings in the care of the Methodist denomina- the foreign fields. It added 30 to its tion, one-fourth is Presbyterian, and foreign force of secretaries, making the remaining fourth is Congregation- in alJ 140 secretaries in 17 countries. al, Episcopal, Baptist, etc. The Y. W. C. A. has sent three new secretaries to China from the United The Mission Year in the Churches States.

T HE Presbyterian Board of For- Activity of Mormon Missionaries eign Missions closes its seventyfifth vear of work with receipts for I Na recent address Rev. John D. the y~ar of $1,950,000, exclusive of Nutting, the well-known mission- $750,000 withdrawn last year and ary to the Mormons, declared that 800 used from the Kennedy legacies. This Mormon missionaries are working in year's legacies are $70,000 in excess this country, and 1,200 in other lands, of last year. Presbyterian women about 1,000 new missionaries being this year increased their gifts to for- sent out yearly, and each missionary eign missions from $400,000 to $600,- working for two years. Two or three 000. The Presbyterian Board of converts, on the average, are made by Home Missions received during the each missionary yearly-four or five year ending March 31st, $1,800,000. thousand converts annually through- This large sum is due partly to a out the world. These Mormon mislegacy income of $300,000. The sionaries do not preach Mormonism board's budget has been raised $J00,- as it really is. 000 for next year. The Baptist Home Society has increased its receipts very Presbyterian Church South little, and indeed has fallen $40,000 into debt because of large necessary T HE executive committee of forexpenditures. The Methodists are eign missions reports to the Genpreparing their regular quadrennial eral Assembly this year that there are report for the General Conference at 23 I foreign missionaries. Of these Minneapolis, and find that during the 74 are ordained men; 10 men (not past four years the foreign work has physicians) are unordained; there received $S,6S8,28r. are 18 physicians; there are 60 single WOl11en missionaries, and 86 wives of missionaries. In addition to this force of missionaries there are 786 native

rYI2 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 71

helpers. Communicants are reported confined to that part which lies beas follows: in A £rica, 8,386; in Bra- tween Makovik and Killinek, between zil, 3,683; in China, 1,921; in Cuba, la~itude 55 degrees and 60 degrees 30 506; in Japan, 2,143; in Korea, 7,- J11mutes north. In that area there are 155; in Mexico, 927; total communi- now fewer than 1,300 people, prac- cants, 24,721. During the last year tically all that remain of the Labrador there were added on profession of branch of the Innuit race. They are faith in Christ, in Africa, 6rS; in all professing Christians, and live Brazil, 340; in China, 198; in Cuba, such orderly, quiet, and regular lives, 53; in Japan, 259; in Korea, 1,900; that there is no policeman or even a in Mexico, 78; total on confession, resident justice of the peace in their country. 3443· Two Centuries of Eskimo Mission. ARecent Wrongs to American Indians NUMBER of instances where W HAT has been accomplished the rights of Indians are being toward civilizing and Christianignored by white men have come to izing these benighted creatures? The light recently. The Pimas have been wild clans of two centuries ago have reduced to a distressing condition become a respected, civilized, homothrough the loss of water for irriga- geneous people. They are better fed, tion. White settlers drew off the clothed, and housed by far than when water from the Gila River, and the the missionaries visited them. They Indians were left without crops and have been instructed in many of the hope, in misery. The Navahoes, who crafts and have been furnished with number 30,000 in Arizona and New better tools and appliances for hunt- Mexico, .are threatened by the covet- ing, fishing, boat building, and house ousness of white men who are look- building. And more, many of them ing with longing eyes upon some of are educated, while a large proportion their lands, especially the timbered of the Eskimos of Greenland, Labralands, and are trying to get posses- dor, and Alaska have become Chrission of them by trickery. The Chip- tianized and are prosperous. In conpewas, already extensively deprived trast with their early history, they are of their lands by colossal frauds and d~scribed as being peaceable, cheerful, sadly reduced by the ravages of tuber- truthful, and honest. They have culosis and trachoma, deserve the pity proved almost indispensable assistants and the aid of all good citizens. True- to Arctic explorers. ly the white man in America does not seem very just toward the aborigines SPANISH AMERICA of the country! Gospel Work in Hayti I The Eskimos of Labrador T is suggested by Dr. S. K. Hut- T HE most prosperous work in ton, who spent several years in Hayti is that of Mr. L'Herris- Labrador, that the progenitors of the son, a Baptist pastor at Jacmel. He Eskimos of that region came from has established many little schools in Siberia, and that they are physically the mountains where the people are allied to the Mongols of Asia. So learning to read in the Bible. Mr. far as is known, they are the aborig- L'Herisson's conversion was as strikinal owners of the Labrador coast, ing as that of those we have instanced. and their territory extends inland He was an artist by profession but more than a hundred miles. Two hun- driven out of Hayti because of pardred years ago they occupied the ticipation in revolutionary movements. whole length of the coast from north Thinking to attempt a portrait of to south, about 600 miles, and their Christ .after the manner of the Old numbers were greater. Now they are Masters, he secured a Bible-a Book which, up to that time, he had never seen-and started to study the person-

ality of his Subject. "I never com- work of church erection has been car- pleted the picture," he says, "the read- ried, and most of the older congrega- ing of that Bible was the means of tions have their houses of worship. my conversion and then the Subject Several churches, at Natal and Ceara, was too sacred to be put on canvas." are entirely self-supporting. In 19IO So he is reproducing Christ in con- our Church sent its first missionary verted personalities. to Portugal. Last year our seminary, which has 3 professors, reported Tons of Bibles for South America 12 young men in training for the min- istry." S EVEN tons of Bibles, and none of them printed in English, was What a Testament Did for a Soldier the shipment record of the Amencan Bible Society recently. They went A BIBLE colporteur in Argentina from the Bible House in Astor Place tells of a soldier into whose hands and were destined for South America. there came, by chance, a copy of the They were in Spanish and Portuguese, New Testament. Reading it he was with some in the Indian and other converted, and became very active in dialects. The Bible Society is getting leading others to Christ. One of these ready for work among the sailors who friends was later taken to a hospital will pass through the Panama Canal. and happened, during his convales- It is said that 1,500 new ships are cence, to be studying his Testament building in Europe for the canal traf- with great interest, when it was sudfic. The society is already at work denly snatched from him by a clericalin Panama and the zone, but will en- ly minded attendant and thrown out large its work to cover the ships and of the window. As it fell it struck a their men as soon as the canal opens. passing soldier on his shoulder. He Through the canal it also plans to do stooped and picked it from the pavelarger Bible work on the west coast. ment,. started reading it, became in- The society has now completed the terested, took it to his home and ultitranslation of books of the New Tes- mately became a useful Christian as tament for the 1,500,000 Quechua In- a consequence. dians of Peru and Bolivia.-Lutheran Observer. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Ptesby.tetianism Making Gains Salvation Army to Date REV. w. C. PORTER writes to ABOUT 1,000 letters are received the Christian 0 bserver: "In spite every day at the headquarters of of the difficulties our work has had to the Salvation Army. Some are percontend with, I think Brazil has noth- sonal, but most are war despatches ing to be ashamed of. Our General from alI parts of the Army's far-fiung Assembly, which is composed of 8 battle line. It is not generally real- Presbyteries and 2 Synods, reports ized that the Army is an important about I2,000 church-members. We foreign missionary society as well as have at present 57 ministers of the a preaching corps and a powerful Gospel, some having been translated force in social service at home. In to the Church triumphant. The theo- "Letters to the Centre," the annual logical seminary at Campinas has its report of the work other than the soown buildings and is out of debt. cial work, this world-wide aspect ap- Realizing, as we do, the limited means pears in strong relief. Thus we find, at our command, all the Presbyteries in a glance over the pages, letters deare making an extreme effort to ex- scribing an Army colonel's preaching tend the work and, at the same time, tour into the heart of Korea; ansupport the pastors. Last year more nouncing that 10,000 leaflets have been than one Presbytery more than uou- distributed among Japanese "white bled its contributions. An extensive slaves," pointing out the Army's homes as a way of escape-leaflets

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

which the slave owners are frantical- other the annual meeting of the Misly buying up at a high price; describ- sion, to celebrate its fortieth annivering an officer's cheerfully lonely life sary. The new building is situated in among Alaska Indians; announcing the Rue Pierre Levee, close to the the dedication of a converted devil- great artery of Eastern Paris, the dancer's child in a converted heathen Avenue de la RepubJique, and contemple in India; recording the saving tains two halls for general meetings, of ro5 fishing boats in the North Sea classrooms, rooms for boys' and girls' during the year by the Army life- guilds" playground, gymnasium, roofboat, "Catharine Booth," and others garden, and rooms for the evangelist from South America, Java, Holland, -the total cost, with the freehold site, New York, etc. being £20,000. A large number from America were present, with many Prosperity Returning from England and Scotland, as well as representatives from all the Protest- F OR some years the Church Mis- ant churches. A pleasing feature in sionary Society, representing the these meetings was the beautiful sing- by the mission choir. evangelicals in the Established church, German Seamen'. Mi.sion and ranking as one of the two largest T HE German Seamen's Mission missionary societies in the world, has has work in 186 harbors. Fifty- three of these are chief stations with seemed to be on the losing side. Its 21 pastors, 45 house-fathers or dea- cons, and 21 assistants. There are income fell off and discouragement 28 Seamen's Homes (10 in Germany) which lodge 12,000 men 95,000 nights. obtained all along the line. This May, Thirty-four thousand visits to ships were made in the past year, one-third however, receipts are shown to have of them to sick sailors. Fifty-five thousand seamen have found employpulled up again to an even $2,000,000, ment through its labor bureau, and 9°0,000 marks were entrusted to the the largest in the famous society's mission banks by seamen for safe- keeping or transmission home. history. A debt of only about $40,- Advance in Finland 000 remains over from the years of T HE Y. M. C. A. in Finland has depression. . had a wonderful experience. The }l,fonthly News Circular tells how a Church of England Men's Society and well-known preacher, Albert Lunde, of Christiania, delivered religious ad- Missions dresses and lectures in the He1sing- fors Y. M. C. A. during three weeks T H~ Church of England Men's ~o­ in February and March. "The result Clety has 4,000 branches WIth exceeded all expectation. The 100,000 members in various parts of churches, the largest of which seats the British Empire. Some of these 5,000 persons, were always crowded. branches are supporting candidates Every second evening a meeting for for the ministry in training colleges. men was held in the association prem- Many others are taking up the sys- ises, which was regularly attended by tematic study of missions and are from 600 to 700 men. A strong rehelping to increase the general inter- ligious movement arose; a great many est in missions. Captain T. F. Wat- people of all ranks, both young and son, who has been instrumental in old, underwent a religious awakening, starting the forward movement, has now become the General Secretary of the National Laymen's Missionary Movement in England (see MISSION- ARY REVIEW, 1912, May, p. 323).

THE CONTINENT McAII Mission Anniversary T WO deeply interesting meetings were held in Paris on Sunday, June 30, in connection with the McAll Mission, the one to inaugurate a new building generously provided by the American McAlI Association; and the

renounced the life of sin and confest National Missionary Conference in Christ. The association received a considerable increase of new members Sweden and a new stream of life permeates it. Bible study especially has received IT is proposed to hold a great Sweda new impulse." ish National Missionary Confer- ence in September 1912. All mission- Missionary Union for Southeast Europe ary societies of the country are to be invited to send delegates numbering T HE Missionary Union for South 75 per cent. of their missionaries, so East Europe to whose' work that more than 200 official delegates among the members of the great would be in attendance. The ques- Slavic family we referred some time tions to be discust will be chiefly techago (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, I9Il, nical, while at the public meetings ad- March, p. 162), has published a state- dresses similar to those at the Edinment concerning its workers and its burgh World Missionary Conference work which clearly reveals the steady will be delivered. Great public gathprogress of its efforts. The Mission- erings are being planned for the purary Training School at Hausdorf, in pose of stirring up the general mis- Silesia, is the center of the work of sionary zeal, and an exposition of the union. Its workers are divided missionary books, photographs, curios, in a peculiar manner into two classes, etc., is to be held. Thus the conferviz.: those who stand in a close rela- ence will aid the cause of missions in tion and those who stand in a loose Sweden, it is expected, and aid in the relation to the union. The former are closer cooperation of all missionary actually employed by the union and societies of the land. their salaries are paid by it either entirely or in part. The union is re- The Jew·Hate in South Russia sponsible for their work and has the right to move or to remove them. A CORRESPONDENT, writing The latter are graduates of the Mis- from St. Petersburg, relates in sionary Training School and conse- the Daily Chronicle an incident in crated by the union to the work, but connection with the expulsion of for whom the union has no direct re- Jews from South Russia. From one sponsibility. Of these two classes the village a respectable Jewish merchant was expelled, in spite of the fact that union now employs 3S (28 men and all the peasants interceded on his be- half, declaring him to be a useful 7 women) in Southeastern Europe. member of the community. When Besides these there are IO laborers the wife appealed to the governor, be- seeching him to revoke his order, the (9 men and 1 woman) who work in governor gave the following answer: close cooperation with the union, but "Please don't cry! Jewish tears only are not in .any way under its control. gladden my heart. It will not help." Of these 4S laborers, 16 are in. Rus- The woman implored him to rescind sia, 7 in Galicia, I in Austrian Sllesia, the order of expulsion on account of the illness of her children. To this 2 in Bohemia and Moravia, S in Hun- supplication the governor replied: "What do your children concern me? gary, 1 in Slavonia, 2 in Bosnia, 2 in You can bury them all, but don't dis- Rumania, and 9 in Eastern Germany. turb me. And now, out with you, or The languages used by these workers you will be removed by force." are German, Slovac, Czeck, Ruthenian, Magyar, Lettish, and Yiddish. Real Gains in Turkey The union is planning to do a more extensive work among the Gypsies, I N Turkey it is not yet four years as soon as a suitable worker can be since the constitution was prosecured. It is already publishing a claimed, and almost everybody has special paper for work among Gipsies, been disappointed, because almost called "Der Zigeunerfreund," beside its own quarterly organ.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

everybody expected too much offhand. medical work we have, in spite of Still, there is freedom of thought, tho antagonism and prejudice, come into there was none under the Hamidian contact with a larger number of Mosregime. There is freedom of speech, lem men and women, and more reguas witness the innumerable political larly, than we have ever succeeded in and other clubs. I listened the other doing before. The pill and the evening to an address more than three draught, the lotion and the ointment, hours' long given by one of the can- the eye-drop and the bandage, the didates for Parliament, in which the careful treatment, the friendly advice questions of the day were discust and the kindly word have been, and from the standpoint of the Young are, far more potent as attracting Turks. A big placard announcing agents than any others we know. "N0 Smoking," and a crowded audi- These things are easily appreciated by ence sitting, not on the floor, but on them, and because so appreciated they the benches of a Turkish school, were win for us among those who gather signs of progress. There is freedom an increasingly attentive hearing to of the press. If this is not complete, our message, and in the villages from yet where five per cent. becomes 55, whence they come an increasingly and for wise men 95, there need be cordial welcome." no complaint. There is freedom of travel, and only those who have been Netherlands Society in Egypt tied with a short tether can fully realize how much this means. It may be A MONG the Protestant societies at carried to excess, as where a village work in Egypt, perhaps the least of 100 houses near the border is said known is the Netherlands Society for to have lost 100 young men who have the Propagation of the Gospel in crossed into Russia in order to escape Egypt. Its work, commenced in military service. There is equality of r886, is somewhat circumscribed on military service for Christians as for account of its small income of less Mohammedans. than $3,OOD (in I9I I), but it is pros- perous. Its two stations are Calioub AFRICA and Barrage, both a few miles north of Cairo, the former on the eastern, Things Possible in the Dark Continent! the latter on the western side of the Nile. In both places prosperous mis- I N Africa there is a church with 800 sionary schools are being kept, but in members, that less than five years Calioub the Copts and in Barrage the ago had never heard of Christ, but Mohammedans, both recognizing the which to-day is supporting 123 mis- valuable work of the Protestant sionaries to other African tribes. One schools, are now opening schools of other church with 300 members, to their own. Free dispensary work is whom less than three years ago the being undertaken, while the evanname of Jesus had never been spoken, gelistic work, tho meeting with many is supporting 5I missionaries!!! difficulties and disappointments, con- tinues to bring forth fruit. The so- Moslems Touched by Medical Mi••ions ciety is on very friendly terms with the American United Presbyterians. MR. W. T. FAIRMAN, writing in North Africa, on attracting Mos- Hearers by the Thousand lems to an interest in the Gospel message, says: "It would appear from T HIS item and the three which folthe Gospel narratives that the greater low it are from the pen of W. C. crowds which our Lord gathered Johnston, of Elat, West Africa, in the around Him to listen to His sublime IIerald and Presbyter,' teaching were gathered by reason of the gracious works of healing He "I told the people a week or two wrought in their midst. This has ago that last Sabbath I would preach been onr experience. By our simple to the men, and that I would be dis-

appointed if there were not about 300 is something rather unusual nowadays, as the Bulu have lost their old-time men out. We had soon filled the re- hospitality."

served seats and we began moving the women back, until by the time Sab- "T Problems in School Work HE girls' school has been somebath-school was over there were over 800 men seated in front of the church. thing of a problem ahlle,re~aarsritehde are all, or nearly This did not count the young men or gir~s boys. But the great part of them whIle they are quite young, and it is were old or middle-aged men. I asked hard to find girls the right age to come at the close of the service that those to school, who are free to come. The who were government headmen would husbands do not want them to come hold up their hands, and there were which is very natural on their part: over. 50 hands went up. I had all the The outcome of the matter has been leadmg men of the community out. that women have run off from their But women are such curious creatures. husbands and come to school. There I had said nothing about their com- ~re 43 girls in the girls' house attend- ing to church that day. But, what do mg school, and 30 of them are mar- you think? there were over ~2 e0n00anodf ried. Three of them have babies in them there.. With the young arms, and one of them has two grandboys the audIence was 4.436 at the time children with her in the dormitory. I began preaching, and the people But the grandmother is, perhaps, the were still coming. There were over most industrious pupil among the 4,500 out last Sabbath. This was not girls. It is not ideal. But I am looka congregation gathered from all over ing for better things next term. I t~e count~y, but was a local congrega- have refused to accept a good many tion; ThIS was new to me, for the big of the runaways that come asking to audIences have heretofore been made be taken into the school, but of those up, to a large extent, from women that I have accepted, I have not had from a distance. to turn any over to their husbands "I A Great Man Present when they came for them. I have had HAD the biggest man in this country on the front seat. He is t? do a great deal of talking somehead and shoulders above any other rna?, in wealth and influence.. In fact, tImes to get the husband persuaded he IS the Andrew Carnegie of the Bulu that he had best leave the wife in country. He is a self-made man. His fat~er left him nothing, and I suppose ~chool, and one or two have gone away he IS worth to-day $30,000 or $40,000, III rather bad humor, but I have won and probably much more. That is a grea~ deal in this country, where food out each time. The boys' school is a~d labor are so cheap. He has 178 wIves and some 70 children. One of quite large. Only 190 in the boardinghis wives is in the girls' school here at Erat. She ran off and came to school. school, but there are a great many He sent to me to send her home. I boarding with their friends and atsent word back to him not to be uneasy about her, that she was all right, and tending schohol. There are 873 in the that I would go over and see him about it some day. I went over one boys' school. Counting the school for af!ernoon, and we talked about everythmg else and he did not mention his evangelists, in which there are 44 ~ife who was in school, and I didn't, eIther. But he was very friendly and young men, and the apprentices in the gave me a sheep when I left, which industrial classes, there are under in- struction here at Elat more than I 000 pupils." , "T Inquirers by the Hundred HERE is a religious influence among the Bulu that has been cC?ntinuous now for a couple of years. Smce I came to Elat about six weeks ago, I have enrolled more than 500 inquirers. That is, of those who have come to me saying they want to be

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Christians, more than 500 ha>:e been 50 chiefs, several cannibal tribes, 200 willing to straighten out theIr past ;'i11ages. Treated 400 patients; met offenses to such an extent that we be- llelgian authorities in Bruxelles; fine lieved them in earnest, and have mission concession granted, several placed them on the roll as catechu- acres free, among Batetalas, a great mens. The very great majority of tribe of warriors from Lualaba rethese have been women. But, while . gion, on backbone of continent, exthe men are harder to reach, and have plored by David Livingstone. Chief much to sacrifice in becoming Chris- urges our coming and anxiously awaits decision. God has led us. tians, I believe they are coming." Gilbert and I have pioneered the Cheering News from the Kongo way, who will follow?"

I T will be remembered that the n;is- SOUTH AFRICA sionaries of the Presbytenan Church, South, in the Kongo, were Professor Beach in South Afric", somewhat anxious because the Church L ETTERS from Prof. Harlan P. seemed to fail to send out reenforce- Beach, who sailed in January for ments to them.* One of their num- a seven months' missionary tour of ber, Rev. Motte Martin, was sent Africa, bring news that he has alhome with a special appeal for more ready reached Salisbury, in Rhodesia, workers, while all the Christians on and has started on his way toward the Kongo pledged themselves to ob- Capetown. His visit to Uganda serve days of fasting and prayer to he describes as "inspiring." The obtain the blessing of God. The people have the reputation of being prayers of these believers were an- the politest in the Dark Continent, swered in the remarkable scene at and Professor Beach regards them as the Chattanooga Laymen's Conven- the most attractive Africans that he tion in February, when 29 volunteers has seen. He had an interestin~ signified their willingness to give interview with young King Daudl, their lives to mission work in Africa. an earnest Christian, who succeeds his murderous father and grand- The first definite report since the father. At the palace the king showed missionaries of the Kongo Mission Professor Beach an aeroplane driven heard of the answer to their prayers by a battery, which was largely the has come in the form of "An work of his own hands. The inci- Open Letter to the Church." Already dent is typical of the rapid changes the missionaries are making extensive which have taken place in that region preparations for enlarging the work. into which Stanley penetrated only A site for a new station at Lusambo 35 years ago, and where now the has been selected, and arrangements Uganda Church numbers more than for its purchase have been made, tho 100,000 members.-Congregationalist. the Roman Catholics have been trying to block the step. Lusambo is a Not Talk But the Book strategic poin.t with a large .na~ive popUlation friendly to the mIssIon- W E once had a kitchen-boy who aries. The work in general is 111 a seemed a hopeless barbarian most encouraging condition. and dunce. We tried to teach him A Bishop's Strenuous Tour for many months; and he learned the alphabet, but it was impossible BISHOP LAMBRETH, of the for him to put two letters together Methodist Episcopal Church, to make a syllable or word. We South, sent this cablegram to the never dreamed that Chebe was get- Nashville Advocate on June 20th: ting near to the Kingdom. After we left the country Chebe was employed "Just out of Africa. Traveled ?,?OO by another missionary, whose wife miles in Kongo, 1,800 on foot. VISIted 'See MISSIONARY REVIEW. 1912, February, p. 147. discovered him one day seated on the

ground, looking very disconsolate. (0 purely local work and ignoring of "What is the matter?" she asked. "I (he claims of the great world outside, ;:1m very sad, missis," he said, "be- the same selfishness which is often cause I can not read." "Why do found in family life, where every exyou want to read?" "I want to read pedient, lawful or otherwise, is often to my people about Jesus." "But adopted to prevent the family wealth why can not you tell them about going outside the immediate circle of Him?" she asked. "I have; but they blood relations. It is unnecessary to will not listen to me, but they would say that this spirit is the very antido so if I read the words from the thesis of Christianity. And until it Book." is exorcised it must be ill with the churches that yield themselves to it." Revival in Madagascar -Indian Methodist Times.

T HE Norwegian Missionary So- OBITUARY ciety has had a prosperous work among the Hovas and Sakalavas of Griffith John, of China Madagascar since 1866 (resp. 1874) and on the southern coast since 1888. O NE of the makers of New China, Its missionaries have also tried to a veteran missionary of half a reach the people of the interior, espe- century of service in "The Middle cially the forest dwellers, the Tanala, Kingdom," passed away in London on but with indifferent success. Now July 25. Dr. John was one of the comes the report that a great revival first missionaries to go into the interhas broken out among the Tanala. ior of China. He went out in 1855 The churches are packed and crowds and five years later left Shanghai and of inquirers are asking for baptism. traveled up the Yangste valley to In one village 171 became catechu- Nanking and then to Han-kow where mens, among them the village chief. he labored for nearly 50 y~ars. The Led by him, they destroyed the great story of his life and work has already wooden altar, upon which they and been given in the MISSIONARY REVIEW. their father and forefathers had sacrificed to idols. They made a great Dr. John was born in Wales in 1831 bonfire of it and threw into it their and began to preach in Congregational idols and their magical apparatus. churches at" the age of 14. He was While the fire burned they sang hymns 24 when commissioned for his misof thanksgiving. Similar scenes have sionary life work by the London Misbeen enacted in many villages. sionary Society. In 1906, as noted, he gave up his work at Han-kow on ac- MISCELLANEOUS count of his advanced age and there- after lived for two years at Yonkers, Narrowness and Indifference N. Y., where a son of his stilI resides. Dr. John's second wife was an Amer- I T must be admitted that there is an ican lady. The aged missionary re- amazing supineness, if not indiffer- turned to China for a few years, but ence, in many circles professedly Chris- a few months ago was obliged to go tian; a narrow outlook which causes to London. In statesmanlike underpeople to give lavishly to some local standing of the mission problem in effort, often unnecessary, and to ig- China and in aggressive and construcnore the claims of that great world tive generalship, Dr. John unquestionenterprise which Christ entrusted to ably must stand in the first rank of His followers. This lack of a sense the greatest men whom the church has of proportion is largely the cause of sent into the Orient. To these large the poor, and in some cases miser- qualities he added the charm of a sinable, response, made to the mission- gularly meek and lovable personal ary appeal. There is in this devotion spirit. AND MISSION LANDS CHINA'S NEW DAY. By Isaac Taylor Mission to the Basutos, by Frank Headland, D.D. 12mo, 263 pp. Paper, 30 cents; cloth, SO cents. Central Com- Puaux; (2) The Basutos of Former mittee on United Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1912. Years, by H. Dieterlen and F. Koh- China has astonished the world, leI'; (3) History of the Mission, by and it is no wonder that many authors have undertaken to describe the E. J acollet; (4) The Basutos of To- causes and process of her trans- formation. Dr. Headland is well ac- day, by H. Dieterlen and F. JK. oBhilaenr~' quainted with China imd knows how (5) The Jubilee of 1908, by to give his knowledge to American readers. In this recent "study book" quis. All the articles are well written he describes China's break with the past, the Chinese woman, the educa- and most interesting, recording with tional revolution, the Chinese Church, . medical work and the printed page. great care and with splendid accuracy The chapter on the Chinese woman the triumphs of the Gospel among the is particularly interesting, and illus- trates the wonderful development of heathen Basutos since the first mis- China in the past twenty years. The Chinese woman is pictured, not as a sionaries, Arbousset, Casalis and Gos- slave or an ignoramus, but as an intelligent and important factor in sellin, had their first interview at Chinese life. The time has passed when these women only exerted an Thaba-Bossiou with the famous chief influence at home. To-day they are becoming teachers, doctors and leaders Moshesh, who had asked the Paris in literature and art. Interest and information combine with brevity to Missionary Society to send some "men make Dr. Headland's story of special value. of peace" to him and to his people.

LIVRE D'OR DE LA MISSION DU LESSONTO. One can not help thinking that the Souvenir du Jubile Celebre en 1908. Paris. Maison des Missions Evan- title of the book, The Golden Book geliques, 1912. pp. 693. 4s. With 262 fine illustrations and one map. The of the Mission to the Basutos, has Paris Missionary Society, 102 Boule- vard Arago, Paris, 1912. been well chosen, as he follows the This remarkably fine book is pub- French missionaries in their work of lished in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of its prosperous work faith and love from the founding of among the Basutos (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 1909, p. 229, and I9II, p. the first station, Morija, to the pres- 886). The introduction has been written by the lamented Alfred Boeg- ent day, where more than 300 teach- ner, whom death daimed only a few short months ago, in the midst of his ers are employed in the missionary blest activity as director of the so- ciety. The book contains five differ- day-schools at 224 stations and out- ent treatises: (I) The Origin of the stations. Truly, the whole book is a record of the golden miracles of God's grace which has dispelled the darkness of heathenism in Basutoland until more than one-fourth of its total population are connected with the ~ork of the Paris Missionary So- CIety. We hope that the splendid book will be speedily translated into Eng- lish.

JOHN G. PATON. Late Years and Fare- well. By A. K. Langridge and' Frank H. L. Paton.. Illustrated. 8vo, 286 pp. $1.25, net. . Ho?der & Stoughton, 1912.

The fascmatmg story and heroic personality of the apostle to the New Hebrides has given many their first deep interest in missions. His auto- biography would have been incom- plete without these last chapters.

They do not recount the adventures of the earlier years, but they show the ripened saint who never lost his missionary history under Pagan and heroism and they tell of the labors of his later years and the final Home Christian rulers. Now under French Call. dominion the Protestant missions are THE MESSIAH OF THE T ALMUDS. Targums much hampered, but the work con- and Rabbinical Writers. Pamphlet, 4to. By Joseph M. Tydings, M.D., Louis- tinues. The story iswoe fhgarveea toninlyteroeustt~ ville, Ky. but in this volume In thirty-one charts, Mr. Tydings standing facts. quotes the messianic prophecies of the Old Testament, the comments of The present outlook for mission rabbinical writers, and the fulfilment in Christ. It is an interesting and work is better than at any time before profitable study, but the rabbinical comments throw little light on the since French occupation began. prophecies and are of little value except to those who are seeking to TEMPTATION. By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, lead Jews to faith in Christ. 92 pp. 25 cents. Sunday School Times Co., Philadelphia, 1911. CHARACTER BUILDING IN CHINA; THE LIFE STORY OF JULIA MATEER. 12mo, 184 pp. These practical little talks or edi- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912. torials are on some perils and how to avoid them or to overcome them. Mrs. Julia Brown Mateer was one They are practical and spiritual, and of the noble women of the mission- are good for anyone to read. ary nobility. Her thirty-five years of service in China was a blessing to TALKS ON DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By Mr. T. the missionaries and to the Chinese. R. W. Laut. 6d, net. Church Mission- The story of her life can not fail to ary Society, London, 1911. inspire young women with an admiration for her own character and This junior study book is wen for the work that she accomplished adopted to its purpose and is accomin building the character of others. panied by "an African modeling out- There are many touches of human fit" (IS. 6d.) ; a "brown paper map of interest and many great thoughts in- Africa" (3d.); a "bust of David Livspired by this life of an unostenta- ingstone" (IS.), and two "sheet pictious worker in Teng Chow. tures" in I1rt brown (2d.). Those THE CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs. Napier who would interest juniors in mis- Malcolm. Illustrated. 12mo, 96 pp. sion lands can not do better than send 60 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., for a set of these study books on 1912. Africa, China, India, etc.

This is misnamed as it is not a de- PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE RECORD. Burscription of child life in Persia, but a roughs, Wellcome & Co. 50 cents. New description of Persia for children. York, 1911. As such it is full of instruction and entertainment. Persian babies are pic- This is a valuable little help to mistured, their clothes, games, condi- sionaries and others who take their ments, prayers, school work, etc. There own photographs. is a missionary flavor which does not detract from the attractiveness of the NEW BOOKS story. One can not read it without feeling the great need of Persia for SUNDAY-SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING. H. M. the Gospel of Christ. Hamill.. (Revised Edition) 12mo, lIO pp. 50 cents. Sunday-school Times, Phila., THE MADAGASCAR MISSION: A TEN YEARS' REVIEW, 1900 to 1911. 8vo, 187 pp. L. I9I 2. M. S. Press, Antananarivo, Madagas- car, 1911. THE LURE OF THE STAR. By Maccowan Madagascar has had a wonderful Greenlee, 12mo, 300 pp. $D1..5c0.., MacDaniel Pub. Co., Washington. 1912.

THE BIBLE THAT WAS LoST AND IS FOUND. By John Bigelow. 8vo. I20 pp. The New Church Board of Publication. New York, I912.

THE CALL OF THE NEW SOUTH. Addresses at the Southern Sociological Congress, Nashville, Tenn., 19I2. Edited by James E. McCulloch.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN SIAM AND

1. Moslem Pilgrims from Java. 8. Statue of a yak (giant), Royal Temple, Bangkok.

2. Mission schoolgirls and missionaries , Laka wn 9. l1issionaries traveEng through Indo-China.

3. Siamese chIldren playing in the hal vest field. 10. A Laos Christian man and wife, helpers in Praa.

4. Some Javanese women. 11. A non-christian Siamese from the jungle.

5. Chieng lIai Hospital, North Siam. 12. Scene on bank of river Lakawn.

6. Going up the river in Siam. 13. Catafalque being drawn to place of cremation. 14. A Christian Laos man, Ai Kaow. 7. A favorite mode of travel in Siam.

15. Lepers in Penang .Asylum, Straits Settlements.

®The Missionary

of the World VOL. XXXV. No.5. MAY, 1912 "OL. xxv. Ko. 5. Old Series lvr C7V Series Signs of the Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY FOR CHINA so far as he understooel the principles of Christianity they were what he OR some years 111is- was striving for in the republic. He asked that his words regarding remF sionaries have enjoyed ligious liberty be passed on to the more or less religious pastors and Christians throughout liberty in their work China and promised to send a rep- in China, but the Gov- resentative to the thanksgiving serv- ernment being under ice to carry his message to the Christhe full control of the State re- tian churches. The services were ligion, there has always been more held in the largest church in Peking, or less restriction in Christian wor- on the afternoon of February 26th, ship and teaching. Now it seems and the building was crowded. The certain that Church and State will message of President Yuan was read be entirely separated. in both English and Chinese by Dr. Yen, a member of the Board of For- President Yuan Shi Kai has given eign Control, a Christian graduate of assurance of religious liberty. Soon the University of Virginia, who was after the edict of abdication was an- for a time president of the North nounced, the native pastors of the China American College Club. Protestant churches of Peking arranged for a union thanksgiving As spokesman for the Chinese service, to which they invited the Presiden{, Dr. Yen commended the President, Yuan Shi Kai. He ex- work of the missions in charity and prest his desire for an interview, and education, and said that they had four Chinese pastors, representing the won golden opinions from all classes Presbyterian, Methodist and Congre- of society, that the prejudice and misgational missions, were received v,ith understanding which formerly existed honor. President Yuan told them re- had gradually disappeared. In the peatedly that under the new govern- past Christian missions have been the ment they might expect perfect freedom of worship. He intimated that * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEWJ but do not acknowledge responsibility for upinions exprest, or positions taken by conh-ibutors of signed articles in these pages,-EOITOR. subject of treaty arrangement, thus that China has had that is worthy taking on a diplomatic aspect. Dr. she needs now, and with it she needs Yen said that now many Chinese also, and seems now prepared to re- Christians desired to remove every ceive, the new conceptions of the vestige of difference between the Gospel, and not these conceptions Christians and non-Christians, and ad- only, but also the power of God in vocated the independence of the Christ, by which alone they may be Church so as to divest it of any po- realized in the life of the nation in litical significance. Altho the consti- this new and wonderful day. tution of the country had not been promulgated, the confidence was ex- The time, for which we have long prest that the national assembly worked and prayed, appears to have would include an article guarantee- come at last in a measure and with ing religious freedom in the new Con- a momentum beyond our faith, and stitution. A great era of opportunity we rejoice with the Christian agenfor Christianity has dawned with the cies at work in China, with the r r,- birth of the Oriental republic. 66r leaders of the Chinese Chris- tian churches, with their 278,628 THE OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA members, with the 4,299 missionaries from 'vVestern lands, in the unique THE whole world is agreed in rec- opportunity which they possess of meeting an inquiring people with the ognizing in the transformation light of life which they are seeking, of China one of the greatest move- and of offering to them and to their ments in human history. Whether rulers the knowledge of the Lord we consider the immensity of the Jesus Christ, the one true Leader and popUlation affected, the character of King of men. the change that is taking place, the magnitude of the interests which are We rej oice in the measure of unity involved, the comparative peaceful- already attained. by the Christian ness of the crisis, or the significance forces in China, and in their ability of the fact that a great and ancient in this hour, without waste or disrace is undergoing in the period of cord, to present to the Chinese people a decade a radical intellectual and the one faith which we all hold and spiritual readjustment, it is evident the one Lord whom we all follow. that it is given to us to witness and We rejoice that so many of the men have part in a vast movement whose who have wrought for China in the consequences will affect the whole time of national need have been world and be unending. Christian men, who have borne their great responsibilities with Christian This movement may become, by fidelity and sought to serve their God's grace, the regeneration of a country with Christian unselfishness. nation. For no change of institu- With a Christian Church united in tions, of political principles, of social its mission, and with Christian men order, or of economic conditions, can serving the State in patriotic and reavail to satisfy the deep needs of ligious devotion, we believe that the which China has now become con- prayers of many hearts will be anscious. Political reformation requires swered that, on the one hand, a pure a new moral and religious life. All

OF THE

and unconfused Gospel may be tian men and may lead their land preached to the nation, and that, on forward in wisdom and peace. the other hand, the Christian spirit, unmixed with secular misunderstand- For the purity of the Gospel in ing or personal ambition, may con- China, that it may not be miscontrol the minds of men who are to ceived, but that it may be known and bear rule and authority in the new experienced as the power of God day. unto salvation.

In the effort to which the Chris- For a right attitude on the part of tian forces of the nation will now all gov-ernments toward the Governgive themselves with a new zeal, ment of China. to carry the Gospel far and wide over China and deep into the life of the For the Manchus and the Chinese people, we desire to assure them of alike, that they may find Christ. the sympathy and support of the churches in the West, and we now So great an opportunity as God make appeal to the home churches to now offers in China is a sovereign meet the emergency with unceasing summons. It demands of us an enprayer and unwithholding consecra- largement of our horizons, an expantion. sion of our faith, an acceptance of our duty, and an eager and joyful Especially we ask prayer: exercise' of our fellowship with Christ For the people of China, this great in ministering to the need of an and virile nation, which, awakened awakened nation, and in hastening from the torpor of ages by the quick- the coming of His world-wide kingening forces of the modern world, is dom by an unprecedented advancenow called upon to deal with enor- ment. May the churches in China mOllS legislative, economic, educa- and ill the West be found equal to tional and moral re~djustments. this opportunity!-RoBERT E. SPEER. For the Chinese Christians, who share in full measure the privations THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT IN and problems that are the common lot of their countrymen. ENGLAND· For the missionaries and their work, the adequate expansion of Christian F OR some months plans for the education and evangelization, and the adaptation of mission methods to organization of the National the needs of the present situation. Laymen's Missionary Movement in For full religious liberty in China. England have been maturing. In For perfect union among the June, 191 I, a conference of repre- Christians of every name. sentatives of the missionary societies For a spirit of true indepenuence in Great Britain and Ireland met in on the part of the churches in China, York and passed resolutions favoring and of perfect cooperation with the a national movement, appointing a missions of the churches of the West. special committee to consider the For guidan<;e of the new leaders matter. Now a provisional execuof China, that they may be Chris- tive committee of fifteen leading lay- men, representing both schools of thought within the Church of Eng- land and all the Free Churches has been appointed to direct the work, and Capt. T. F. Watson has been

called to the gener;d secretaryship. cardul attention to the official restric- He has been lay secretary of the tions placed upon him. Tho the new Church of England ~Ten's Society hall contains "very gooJ chairs to for eight years, and is now enter- the number of 2,500," the city preing upon his duties. It is his in- fect would allow a congregation of tention to visit the United States 700 only at first, am finally decided and Canada soon for the study of reluctantly, and after much arguing the movement and consultation with by Rev. Petler, that 1,500 might atits leaders in those countries. tend. The permission for the visiting foreigners to speak had to be wrung BAPTIST WORK IN RUSSJA from the Minister of the Interior, PROGRESSING who made the condition that the speakers must not touch political or THE New Baptist Tabernacle in sectarian matters. St. Petersburg was opened on The interview which Dr. McArthur January 7th. Thus, Baptist work in and others had with the Russian Min- Russia has been established more ister of the Interior seems to have firmly than ever, due chiefly to the borne fruit, as recent advices from energy and zeal of Pastor Fet1er. St. Petersburg state that the Czar Five years ago he arrived in St. has granted permission for the es- Petersburg, practically unknown, and tablishment of a seminary in that city, he went to ,york in the face of ob- for which English Baptists gave $50,- stacles which seemed almost unsur- 000, and American Baptists $30,000, mountable. His one message was chiefly to educate Baptist ministers salvation by faith in the Lord J estls for work in southeastern Russia and Christ, and he delivered it with great in Russian dependencies. earnestness and burning power. Slowly his audiences increased, men THE HAGUE CONFERENCE ON and ,,,,-omen were converted, and a OPIUM strong, vigorotls church was built up. Then it was decided to erect an au- T'NELVE governments, including ditorium which could accommodate all the great Powers of Europe, the listeners, and to builcl the tabernacle as a great center of the multi- the United States, and the two Eastform activities of the Church. Bap- ern nations of China and Japan, tists throughout the earth showed.. were represented at the Hague Congreat interest, and aided substantially ference on Opium, which met a short in the payment of the expenses of time ago. The spirit of the conferthe fine building. ence was good, and decisions were reached which look toward interna- At the great Baptist W orId Al- tional regulations on the subject of liance in Philadelphia last year, a opium and its alkaloids, morphine, commission was appointed to attend codeine and heroin, and of cocaine. the opening of the Tabernacle (MIS- The proposed regulations are such SIONARY REVIEW, October, 1911, page that they will bar the way, in regard 724). Dr. R. S. McArthur, as presi- to these particular drugs, to any such dent of the Baptist Vorld Alliance, treatment as Great Britain has meted made the dedicatory address, giving out to China in the past. All friends

of righteol1sness will rejoice in the opium manufactured for medical uses signing of the convention, but it only. Then tho sonrce of supply of would be foolish to think or speak the narcotic poison will be dried up of the opium question as closed. and the opium question will be ended.

Dr. W u Lien Teh, one of the rep- Ve believe that the young Re- resentatives of China to the con- public of China will enter into a still ference, stated in London at a public more determined warfare against the meeting, that large quantities of mor- drug, because Yuan Shi Kai, its phine and cocaine were smuggled into presiclent, was the author of the im- China in spite of strict laws last perial edict of 1906, wh1,]; orclered year. They were hidden in other that the use of opium in China l1111st merchandise, and even passed through cease within ten years, and he has the post-office packed in newspapers. never suffered an opium-smoker Dr. Hamilton fright, foremost au- among his subordinates.

thority on the drug habit in the THE MEN AND RELIGION FORWARD United States, and one of the five delegates to the conference from that MOVEMENT country, as he was sailing for Eu- T HE systematic campaign of "The rope, made the amazing statement Men and Religion Forward that the inhabitants of the United 1Ioveme;1t" has now been conducted States cons lime more opium than any in a number of cities in the Eastern other nation of the world, China not States and in the llississippi Valley.

excepted. He added that not the Rochester, Huffalo, Baltimore, Phila- least of the ways in which opium is delphia, Brooklyn and Chicago were here employed is its use in proprie- also to be attacked in }larch, and a tary medicines. great "Conservation Congress of Thus, the OpiU111 problem is not an Wodd Brotherhood" is to be helc1 in exclusive Chinese problem. The use X ew York City, from April 19th of opium, eaten raw or smoked, or to 24th, to close the whole campaign.

taken in some solution, is not limited N ext fall Canada is to be visited in to China, but it is a curse found in a similar manner.

every part of the earth. Whence During last December the 1len does the fearful poison· come ? There and Religion I<orward Movement has are 250,000 acres of poppy growth in stirred the cities of DaytOil , Kalama- British India, besides the growth in zoo, and Little Rock to a remarkable the native States. As long as this is degree. In Dayton the ministers and the case, little can be done again:·t laymen got a new grip on local relig- the opium habit and the smuggler's ious work, and a great cooperative work Legislation by the different training school for teachers is planned, nations will give some relief, but the together with migh tier social service opium question can be settled only effort and more extensive York for when the English Government and boys. In Kalamazoo great mass- all civilized nations agree that the meeting's were helel, and a most help- use of all habit-forming drugs shall ful and significant yave of religion be limited to medical purposes, and has swept the city. ~IaI1Y men de- that the poppy is to be cultivated and cided for the Christian life and many

others renewed their covenant with The emphasis on the study of misthe church. A Worker's League was sions has led, in some cities, to a formed. It is to be perpetual and is central interdenominational class; with to carryon great shop meetings by special mass-meetings addrest by misthe special request of forty-five men, sionaries and mission experts. representing the largest shops in Kalamazoo. The community extension The important part of this whole and evangelistic committees have been movement will come through the concombined in order to conserve the in- servation committees. terest already aroused and to continue the work so weI! started. THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL In Little Rock the Men and Relig- THE Home Missions Council, of ion campaign was, according to a the United States, consists of local paper, the most far-reaching :'lnd most thoroughly successful religious twenty-two home missionary societies, or civic campaign ever conducted in doing national work and representing the city. It was not an emotional re- nearly all the Protestant denominaligious revival, but a dealing- with tions. practical facts and figures, every-day affairs, in plain language and with The council held its annual meeting sound logic. Cooperation between the January 17-18 in New York, and conchurches, and also the business and sidered many important topics of comprofessional men regardless of pre- mon national interest. This council vious church relations, has resulted. was organized only three years ago; Local conditions and needs are better it has brought the Protestant forces understood, and a campaign for social closer together and federated, to a and civic advancement has been start- certain extent, the work of the vaed. Within the churches a spirit of rious societies. During the past year persona] evangelism has been awa- it has made an effort to bring about kened, while at the same time civic joint educational work for the trainpatriotism has been strengthened, so ing of workers in Porto Rico, but it that the Mayor announced a plan to has not been able to bring about favorestablish a vice commission to study able action because most of the dethoroughly the social evil, and to sug- nominations are establishing their gest specific remedial measures. own training schools. The work among the Indians has been thorough- Work among boys and young men ly investigated, and considerable is strongly emphasized. This has been progress was made in allotting oversadly neglected by Christian men, but looked fields to various churches. it is neglected at peril of Church and State. Interest in the systematic Cooperating with the Federal Counstudy of the Bible is also awakened, cil of the Churches of Christ in Amerand out of such systematic study ica, the Home Mission Council has many blessings must be expected. lately made a most comprehensive study of conditions in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast fields. This investigation showed a surpri- zingly large number of neglected fields.

BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

BY DELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

IBj' OON-ITTwas the prod- mother boasted that there was not a uct of three nationali- drop of Siamese blood in her veins- her ancestors were all either Chinese ties. He was a Sia- or Cambodians.

~ mese by birth, a Chi- Maa Tuan was a most unusual woman. Following the example of ~ nese by descent, and her father rather than of her heathen mother, she became a living witness an American by train- for Christ among her people. Through ing. Yet to none of these did he give REV. BOON-ITT, OF SIAM.

his highest service. His short but her efforts almost all her near rela- tives eventually became Christians. fragrant life was poured out for the The stand she took for Christ, cutting her off from the religious ceremonials .advancement of the kingdom of that formed so large a part of the life of the village, cost her not a heaven. little. There was neither church nor missionary in Bang Pa, and at length This remarkable man was a native she resolved to go to Bangkok, where she could worship God in peace, and Christian of the third generation. His find religious instruction for her chil- dren. There were three now-Boongrandfather, Qua-Kieng, a full-blood- Itt, a younger boy Boon Yee, and a tiny baby daughter. ed Chinese, was the first native mem- ber of the first Presbyterian church organized in the Land of the Vhite Elephant. But he was not the fruit of Presbyterian effort, having been baptized in 1844 by the Rev. Mr.

Johnson, of the American Board Mission. Five years later, when this board withdrew from Siam, he trans- ferred his membership to the little Presbyterian church at Bangkok, a church then consisting solely of the families of the missionaries. Being a man of more than ordinary attain- ments, he was employed by the mis- sion as an assistant, rendering effi- cientservice until his death in r859.

Qua-Kieng's wife never became a Christian, but after his death, three of his children, a daughter and two sons, united with the church at Bang- kok. This daughter, Maa Tuan, was Boon-Ht's mother. It was in July 15, 1865, at the little village of Bang Pa, on the Me Klong River, just be- low Ratburi, that Boon-Itt was born, the eldest child of his parents. Like most of the inhabitants of the little village, his father, Chin Boon Sooie, was of Chinese extraction ; and his

lHaa Tuan's husband never became -a responsibility that did much to a Christian, but he was willing to develop his character. Since the baby move with her to Bangkok. Accord- sister's cleath the two had been in- ingly, in r873, when Boon-Itt was separable companions, ancl tho Boon eight years old, the little family left Yee was inclined to be mischievous Bang Pa, and went to live at Sumray, and somewhat unruly at times, the a suburb of the Siamese capital, where elder brother, tbo only a boy, never the church was located, of which Qua lost patience or was harsh or severe Kieng was so long a member. with him.

The next year the home was broken Two years later, when Boon-Itt up and Boon-ltt's life changed com- was eleven, a greater change still pletely. Early in the year God took came into his life. In -;1 arch , 1R76, home the baby sister on whom the when Doctor and lIrs. House, after boy had lavished the deepest affec- thirty years in Siam, found themtion. Then his father died. Soon selves obliged to return to AmericaJ after the mission chose his mother they decicled to take two native boys for a very important work that took with them and give them a complete her from home, and the two boys were education. For this Boon-Itt was placed in the Christian boarding- chosen and a lac! named Nai Kawn, school at Sumray. about the same age.

In April, r874, the first school for The night before they sailed, Dool1girls in Siam wa s opened at iTang Itt's mother came to him and the two Lang, another suburb of Bangkok, had a long talk at a favorite spot on six miles from Stll11ray, by lf rs. the bank of the river. The boy was Samuel R. House and Miss Arabella going far from her and was not yet inderson. A native Christian wom- a Christian. Yet she had little fear, an was needed who could combine for the seed had been faithfully sown the offices of teacher and matron, in his heart, and she believed that and no one was so well fitted for it God would watch over him, The as Boon-Itt's mother. So it was of- talk she gave him that night was wise fereel to her and she accepted it. and tender and earnest, and he never Capable, efficient, able to speak Eng- forgot it. Years after he wrote her lish, and devoted to the cause of how much it had helped him, Christ, she filled the position for many years with abundant success. The next day the little party board- In r880 she taught in the palace and eel the big ship and sailed away to numbered among her pupils a wife of America. To the two little brown boys the king, everything seemed new and strange and wonderful. At the wharf in In the boys' school, Boon-Itt S0011 San Francisco they were met by two proved a great favorite. He stood gentlemen, one of whom took a big, well in bis classes and became a lead- reel apple from his pocket and hander in sports of all kinds. Lithe and ed it to one of the boys, "Do you active, he could climb like a squirrel, know what it is?" he asked, "Yes," and was an expert in swimming and was the answer. "Then get outside rowing and Siamese football. His of it!" was the astonishing order. young brother was placed in his care This Americanism, so different from

• BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

anything heard in Siam, made a deep says one who knew him. "His swim- impression on the two lads, and they ming feats and records were never never forgot it. equaled. In the classroom his work From the first they seem to have was always well done. In the literary made a good impression. "They society he was one of the merriest were entertained at our house," says and most faithful. Everywhere his a lady in San Francisco, "and that good humor and hearty laugh were Ii rst night I tucked the two little boys contagioL1s, and his unselfishness was ill their bed. 'Vhen I went to look a byword."

at them after they were asleep, they At Williams, where he took the looked so sweet I wanted to kiss'

them."

The destination of the party was the old home of Doctor and Mrs.

House, at '0,Tate rford, N. Y. Here the good missionaries proved the kindliest and wisest of foster-parents to their young charges. The Siamese language was spoken in the family circle, and scattered through the rooms were many curios and decora- tions brought from Siam. The boys were very happy here, yet they did not forget the old home across the ocean, and eagerly welcomed anyone they had known there. One day a missionary from Siam arrived unex- pectedly. Seeing him at the gate, Boon-Itt, who was playing in the yard, ran to him, exclaiming joy- fully, "Doctor! Doctor! I'm so glad!" REV. S. R. HOUSE~ }d,D., OF SIAM In r88r, when the boys were six- teen, Dr. House sent them to Willis- four years' classical course, it was ton Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., the same as at Williston. He was an to prepare them for college. Here apt and conscientious student, dearly noon-Jtt soon became a great favor- beloved by everyone with whom he ite. A.s he began to grasp the knowl- came in contact. In 188g, when he edge of the vVestern world he showed completed the course, no member of an eagerness and a joy in acquiring the class had a better general record.

it that made him a delight to his It was at Williams that Boon-Itt teachers. With the students he was found Christ and took Him for a equally popular. A.s in Siam, he be- personal Savior. Religions develop- came a leader in athletics. "In the ment is usually a slow process with gymnasium and on the athletic field, the Siamese, and it had been so in his at baseball or football, his lithe and case. He had been faithful in church muscular body found few equals," attendance and had read and studied

THE SCHOOL AT PITSANULOKE his Bible, but this was largely the re- f1eld Student Conference in r889 an sult of habit and from a desire to interesting match was going on. From please his mother and Doctor and the side a number of students were Mrs. House. His ideas on religion twitting the players, but it was evi- were indefinite and hazy, and it dent the sympathy was with the agile, seemed hard for him to grasp the black-haired fellow with a 'W' on his idea of a personal God. jersey. A well-placed ball near the VVhen at length the awakening back line won the game of the test came, it wrought a great change in set and called forth general applause.

him. Making a full surrender to All we heard was: 'Good for you, God, he resolved to study for the Johnny Boon!' Then we saw for the ministry and return again to Siam as . first time that merry smile, that a 1111SSlOnary. J1eanwhile, working hearty, quiet laugh, those white teeth, through the channel of the Young and those keen, friendly eyes of the Men's Christian Association, he be- man whom afterward we learned to came a strong factor in the religious love as Bool1-Itt. . . . During OUf life of the college. seminary days. in the Sl11l1l1ler of r892, In the autumll of r889, Roon-Itt two or three of us were camping on entered Auburn Theological Seminary the far side of 'Old White Face' in to prepare for his life work.. To the the deep woods of the Adirondacks.

Rev. John Timothy Stone, a fellow Ve had two weeks together, and student in the seminary, we are in- grew to know Boon as only man debted for two pictures of him, one can know man after nights together of which reveals the winsomeness of in the open. It was there we saw his personality, the other the source his real friendship with the Unseen of his spiritual power. Friend, and hallowing the memory of "On the tennis courts of the North- those days in God's great forest, I

~ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

seem to see again his quiet, manly ary. Yet he found great joy in the figure kneeling in the moonlight be- thought of winning souls in Siam. side the trunk of a great tree." .11eanwhile, across the ocean, his Boon-Itt loved America and Amer- return was being anticipated with an ica loved him. While at Auburn he interest not unmixed with anxiety. acquired citizenship, and became com- Orientals educated in the United pletely identified with the land of his States are not always easy to deal adoption. So thoroughly was he im- with on their return. But not so bued with the American spirit that Boon-Itt. Notwithstanding his fine no one at Auburn ever regarded him scholarship and very pleasing appearas a foreigner, and years after, in ance, he was modest and unassuming, Siam, H. R. H. Prince Damrong his one aim being to fit into the pronounced him "an American mis- work with as little friction as possionary in everything but the nation- sible. Dr. Eakin, who was then staality." tioned at Sumray, tells of his coming, as follows: Early in the summer of 1893, Boon-Itt returned to Siam to take up "I recall with special pleasure the his life work. For twelve years three months Mr. Boon-Itt spent with America had been his home, and us after his arrival. The joy and those who knew him best felt that pride of his mother was beautiful to going away was a real cross to him see. His companionship was delight- -as much of a sacrifice as that made ful to us and we spent many a profitby many an American-born mission- able hour together. At first he seemed THE OLD MANSE AT PITSANULOKE

a little bewildered, and was trying ture work was gained by accompanyto get his mind rightly focused on the ing the Rev. Eugene P. Dunlop on various phases of the work. He WilS evangelistic tours through the countroubled that his mother was living try. By means of a stereopticon, in a little, one-story, frame house, great interest was aroused among the not realizing that it was a fine one villagers in the life of Christ and from her point of view, and she was Boon-Itt was very happy. "It is great happier than in a larger one. He joy," he wrote to America, "to tell was sorry that his brother seemed the story of Jesus to the multitudes afraid of him and held aloof. And who have never heard it before." he felt saddened by the separation from American friends. Showing us On September 23, r897, an imphotogra.phs of tennis-players and portant step occurred in Boon-Itt's picnic parties, it was evident that he career-his marriage to his cousin, felt the severing of ties he had found Maa Kim Hock, a recent graduate of so pleasant. Yet he never murmured the Harriet House School at Wang or seemed to regret the step he had Lang. For some time it had been a taken." matter of speculation where this high- ly educated young Siamese would Boon-Itt's first work was to perfect find a suitable helpmeet. Some years himself in the language. His Eng- before, when the young daughter of lish was faultless, and he could read a friend of his mother was sent to Greek and Hebrew at sight, but his America to be educated many hoped knowledge of his mother-tongue, tho that the two would meet and marry. he could still use it, was only that of They became very good friends, but a boy of eleven. His mother was the young lady fell in love with a ambitious to see him a great Siamese young American physician and bescholar, and the older missionaries came his wife. urged him on, in the hope that he would be able to make a revision of Boon-ltt's bride was heartily in the imperfect translation of the Bible. sympathy with Ms life work, and made him a very good wife. Shortlyaf- During his months of preparation ter their betrothal he received an ofhe lived at Sumray, assisting the fer from a commercial house in Siam, work in every way possible. Every at a salary supposed to have been one soon learned to love and respect between five and ten thousand dolhim, and his influence in the church lars. On submitting it to his fiancee, and Christian Boys' High School be- she heroically answered: "I think we came very great. "In his quiet way will be far happier at the Lord's he tried to show the students the work on a little money than to leave manliest man who ever lived on this it for this large sum." earth was Jesus of Nazareth," says Dr. Eakin. "It is noticeable that the Soon after their marriage, Boonyoung man who came into the church Itt and his bride left Sumray and during this period were marked by went with Doctor and Mrs. Toy to a stalwart strength of character that open a new station at Pitsanuloke, a is rare in Siam." month's journey up the Menam from Bangkok. Not a little inspiration for his fu- The special work assigned to Boon-

12 J BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

Itt being a board school for boys, he the mission schools were flocking to threw his whole heart into the task. the city in ever increasing numbers, The beginning was small, but it soon and in order to attend church, they attracted the attention of the Govern- must cross the river and go long disment authorities, who set the seal of tances to the suburbs. A great optheir approval on it by sending their portunity was being lost and the misown sons. As it grew in numbers sionaries were much troubled. In and popularity a large building be- his report to the Board, Dr. Brown came a necessity, and this was erected wrote as follows: at a cost of 4,000 tecals, every tecal being secured by Boon-Itt from the "For this great work a man and Siamese at Pitsanuloke. a church are needed at once. No other need in Siam is more urgent His influence over the boys was The man should be able to speak THE BOON-ITT ME.MORIAL IN BANGKO:-::, S:AM unbounded. On Saturdays it was his high Siamese like a native. He should custom to take them on long tramps be conversant with Siamese customs into the jungle for the study of and etiquette, and so understand the nature, and the keen personal interest native mind that he can enter into he took in them all won him their sympathy with it and mold it for deep and abiding affection. But there God. There is one man in Siam who was a larger work to which God was meets all these conditions. That man about to call him. In I 902, when Dr. is the Rev. Boon Boon-Itt, one of the most remarkable men I have met in Arthur J. Brown, of the Presbyterian Asia. The Government has repeated- ly offered him lucrative posts, and I Board, arrived in Siam on a tour of was told by United States Minister inspection, he found that the most King that a trading corporation in imperative need was a new church in Bangkok. Young men educated in

Laos is eager to employ him at a Samuel, for Dr. House, and two little salary of $4,000 a year in gold. As daughters. a minister of Christ he receives $650 and a tumble-down native house, yet As the work progrest, he found he would rather be a missionary on it necessary to rent a small house these terms than an official or a trad- near the site of the new church in er on a high salary." the city proper, where new buildings for the Christian Boys' High School Funds for the new church had al- were also heing erected. It was ready been promised. Not long be- lonely at first, but after a while, when fore, Phra Montri, a Siamese noble- the school was completed, services man of great influence, educated at were held in the home of Dr. Eakin, Columbia College, lost his only son. the principal, and the nucleus of a At one time he had been deeply in- Christian community began to grow terested in Christianity, but had up in the neighborhood. While busdrifted away, and now in his sore ily engaged in the church, Boon-Itt sorrow, one of the missionaries told felt that some work ought to be inhim the story of a sheep that would augurated for youn~ men during the not follow until the shepherd lifted week as well as on Sunday. For its lamb on his arms and carried it years he had cherished the plan of with him. establishing an institution in Bang- kok, with library, reading-rooms, and This story made such a deep im- gymnasium, somewhat on the order pression upon Phra Montri that he of a Young Men's Christian Assoemployed an artist to paint a picture ciation, and the time now seemed ripe of it for him. "I saw it in his for it. Friends both in Siam and house," says Dr. Brown, "a shepherd America showed such interest in the with a face so sweet and kindly, like project that success seemed assured. unto the Son of Man, carrying a lamb in his bosom, while afar off But alas! in the midst of it all, two sheep that had been walking Boon-Itt was stricken willi cholera, away from the shepherd were, with and died on May 8, 1903, a~er an wistful eyes, turning around to fol- illness of only ten days. For about low their loved one." two months before this no rain had fallen, and there had been much suf- In deep gratitude the father now fering by reason of the heat and the offered to furnish all the money, drought. At midnight, when Boonabove what the Siamese Christians Itt passed away, the wind was rising could give, for building a church in and dark clouds were gathering. Bangkok, his hope being that it might Shortly after, the monsoon broke be the means of winning many young and there were torrents of rain. Of men. Being a friend and admirer of what took place in that house of Mr. Boon-Itt, it was his wish that mourning during the storm, Dr. Eakhe might take charge of it. in gives a vivid picture as follows: At first Boon-Itt was loath to leave "The house shook under the fierce his work at Pitsanuloke, but presently attacks of the raging tempest. Knowhe, accepted the call and removed with ing the common superstition of the his family to Sumray. There were Siamese, we realized how terrible it three children now, a boy named

I9 12 ] BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

might seem to our people that a Committees were at once appointed naked soul should go forth exposed both in Siam and America. In a to such a wild war of the elements. short time the necessary funds were TIut the bereaved wife and mother ready, and a beautiful building, known calmly gathered the friends together as the "Boon-Itt Memorial," was erect- in the little sitting-room, passed the ed in Bangkok. All classes in Siam, hymn-books around and asked them including members of the royal famall to sing. Through the long hours ily and many princes and nobles, gave of that terrible storm they sang those to the fund and took great interest hymns of Christian faith and hope in the project. Then Prince Damrong and comfort. Minister of the Interior, was asked to contribute, he said with deep feel- "In the intervals they talked of the ing: future. One exprest concern about the new church building. It would "I am glad to help in a memorial be hard to find a contractor to take up to that splendid man. Boon-Itt was work that had fallen from a dead a true Christian. You may not know hand, owing to a superstition that the that I offered him a position which building would be haunted. Then would have led to high titles of no- Kru Thien Pow, his devoted assistant, bility from the King of Siam, to the broke down for the first time and governorship of a large province, wept aloud: 'I am not thinking of and to a large increase in his income. the new church,' he said; 'some one Yet he declined these high honors will be found to finish that. I am and financial benefits that he might thinking of the Kingdom of Christ continue in the service of Jesus in Siam. Who will take the vacant Christ." place in this service?' " The ten short years Boon-Itt worked The loss to Siam did, indeed, seem in Siam were years of most fruitful irreparable. From the field and the endeavor. His death occurred before Board, from his fellow missionaries he was forty, yet he had already beand his fellow students, and from come the acknowledged leader of the the many friends who had known Christian Church in Siam. Christians and loved him as a boy in America, a and non-Christians loved and reflood of letters came, expressing not spected him, and his influence in beonly the keenest sorrow, but a strong half of the Kingdom of God was undesire to perpetuate his memory by the erection of a building such as he bounded. had in his heart when he died.

THE CORRECT CHRISTIAN EYE-GLASSES BY REV. J. M. MCGUIRE, lSEIN, BURM!

IITIHE differences between of the human race IS still unsolved, Christianity and other and what we have to deal with to- . religions are funda- day are the simple facts of the world. mental and abyssmal. What religions are actually acquaint- ~ In the Book of Esther, ing men with the character of God for example, the name to-day, and making them sons of God of God does not occur, but the and bringing forth the fruits of the book holds its place in the canon; Spirit of God? This is our practical if, however, it should teach that there question." is no God in the universe and no soul in man, if it should teach the doc- Without doubt the most remarktrine of karma and of transmigration, able, and in some respects the greatshould we be able to believe that it est, of the non-Christian systems is was inspired by the same Spirit of Buddhislll. It is claimed, and by most Truth who taught another writer to scholars the claim is conceded, that say: "In the beginning God created the Buddha, in the 2,500 years since the heavens and the earth" and "man he appeared upon the earth and atbecame a living soul." God is not the tained Nirvana, has had more disauthor of confusion. "Because there ciples than any other teacher, not exare some virtues woven into heathen- cepting even Jesus, the Christ. It is ism," said the late Dr. Ashmore, "it also claimed by Buddhists of the does not follow that God made hea- present day that there are at this thenism. God made gold, but He did time more followers of their system not work it up into graven images. than of any other faith. But vox God made grain, but He did not make populi is not vox dei. The truth or it into whisky. God made the nat- falsity of a system can not be deterural virtues, but He did not organize mined by the number of its nominal them into Confucian and Shintu sys- followers. Still, these statements are tems of ancestor worship and king interesting, and indeed, surprizing. worship," In the Book of Eccle- We had not thought that there were siastes, the preacher hits it off right- so many Buddhists. They, however, ly: "Lo, this have I found, that God need qualification, for they are mismade man upright; but they have leading, especially to a Christian, who sought out many inventions." "Un- would naturally regard the profesdoubtedly," says Robert E. Speer, sion of faith in one religion as ex- "God has not forsaken any part of cluding one from being counted at this world, and He has been educa- the same time as a member of anting mankind, but that does not en- other and a different religion. Christitle us to charge to Him all that has tianity is exclusive, but Buddhism is found place in the life and thought a parasitic faith, able to entwine itof men. We are bound to exempt self about other religions and itself God from responsibility for what- live without displacing them. Thus ever is discordant with His character. it is that Shintoists, Taoists, Confu- The problem of the divine education cianists and even Animists are also called Buddhists. Buddhism has ad-

IN PRACTISE

vanced by being grafted onto other whole of religion. This placed the faiths, and, without changing the na- people in their power and enabled ture of the fruit, has yet given to it . them to fatten upon the offerings. It a flavor of its own. There has never was a dreadful tyranny, a merciless been a land of which it may be said and cruel oppression of the people.

that Buddhism replaced the ancestral Gotama was twenty-nine years of faith and itself became the olle re- age, it is said, when, in his search for ligion, out and out, of the people. deliverance, leaving his wife and Buddhism in its origin was a pro- child, he went forth to the homeless test against Brahmanism. In the re- life. This action on his part was not ligion of the early Hindus there were so strange in that land as it would the germs of a faith in God, the seem among us. It was, perhaps, a creator. This is shown from the Rig frequent and familiar incident in the Veda, a collection of over 1,000 life of the day. He at first sought poems, not all belonging to one the truth by the way of ascetici~m period, but representing early In- but found it not, and asceticism and dian literature. The development of self-torture for its own sake have no thought, however, was not as it was place in the system of the Buddha.

in Israel, in the way of clarifying At last, after six years of search, sit- and purifying the idea of the divine, ting under a banyan-tree (called from until the mind should arrive at the this the Bo-tree, from budh to know), conception of one God, almighty in as the fruit and result of his own power and infinite in wisdom and thought, and of the merit obtained holiness, but rather was it toward a in former existences, the truth dawned multiplication of gods, faith in which, upon him, and from that time Gotama during the period from 900-700 B.C., became the Buddha, the Enlightened was undermined by speculation, until One.

at length there was created a new Looked at from the practical side ground of religious thought in the and in the light of the need of his belief in the undisturbed, unchange- time, the teaching of the Buddha able, universal unity which lies back came as a great blessing to India.

of this world of impermanence, and It was no small thing in an age of to which those who are delivered, priestcraft and ceremonialism, to leaving this world, return. Thus the have a voice lifted up in the wilder- way was prepared for the Buddha, ness calling for personal purity and and when he appearec1, about 500 B.C., holiness as the only way of deliver- he rejected the many gods of the ance, to be wrought out by one's self popular faith and built his system upon without dependence upon a priest.

what he regarded as the unchange- Gotama did not make war upon caste, able, universal law of the universe. and yet at that time, when caste had At this time Brahmanism, the re- fixt great gulfs between brother ligion of the day, was a hardened and men, it was no small thing to have an petrified system of caste and cere- order established which was dem- monialism. The offering of sacrifices ocratic, and into which all men, re- had been developed by the Brahmans gardless of caste, might be admitted.

into a ritual which was practically the It was a blow at caste. As for the

home, the system of the Buddha desires tend to evil, an emotionless made war upon it by enjoining monk- state is pictured as a most desirable hood, and it was declared that "the and glowing attainment. How desire' life of a woman is always darkness," comes to be the cause of existenceand yet even thus her hard condition what the nexus is-is a mystery was improved, for she was permitted known only to Buddha. The third to become a nun and on the same Nable Truth is that in order to the condition that a man could become a cessation of suffering there must be monk, and she was not immured in the eradication of desire. This only a zenana, and the evil of child mar- states the obvious fact that the reriage. was not encouraged, and to-day moval of the cause is necessary in does not exist in Buddhist lands. And order to a cessation of the result. it may further be said, to the praise The fourth Noble Truth is merely of the Buddha, and as a proof of his the method by which desire is to be enlightenment, that his teaching was eradicated and deliverance obtained. a protest against the whole system of It is the Noble Eightfold Path: right superstition which the Brahmans had faith, right resolve, right speech, right created. action, right living, right effort, right recollectedness, r:ight meditation. With But let us now examine the system reference to these beautiful phrases, a little more closely. What Gotama I make only the one observation, that found under the Bo-tree, what made we must not read into them a Chrishim the Buddha, was the knowledge tian meaning. They must be interof the so-called Four Noble Truths. preted in the light of and in harmony The first of these is that sorrow is with the system to which they beuniversal. To say that there is no long. bright side to life-that all is sorrow, seems to us a hideous untruth. But The idea of a Supreme Being Gowe are Christians. Let us put our- tama rejected, and characterized disselves back, if we can, to that place cussion of the subj ect as a "profitand time, and look out upon life as less inquiry." This was a fatal mis- Gotama saw it-no God, no Helper, take, but from what we know of his no one to whom we may lift up a environment we can not greatly wonprayer, and nothing before us but an der at it. He thought it better to beendless series of births and deaths, lieve in no god at all than to believe meaningless and resultless! Such a in myriads of them. And his system view of life darkens the world and of salvation is remarkable, for in it overcasts the heavens with clouds. there is no God, no altar, no sacrifice, And so the light which this noblest and no prayer. The Buddha taught and best man was able by his unaid- (and it was one source of his power) ed powers to obtain was only dark- that a man can save himself here and ness. now, by his own unaided efforts, apart from and independent of the' The second Noble Truth is that gods. The phrase, "save himself," desire is the cause of sorrow. What however, we mllst not take in its is meant here is the thirst for con- Christian sense. Perhaps the most tinued existence, for sensual pleas- distinctive teaching of the Buddha, ures, and ior worldly prosperity. All

BUDD,HISM IN 'PRACTISE

and that by which he most widely life, knows nothing and feels nothseparated himself from the past, was mg. But this evidently is a distinchis denial of the doctrine of a "soul" tion without a real difference, as in man. Speculation in Gotama's such an existence, if it can be called day had almost reached the point of an existence, is practically annihilaatheism. He took the final step. And tion. It should be remembered that if there is no God in the universe, of the Buddha did not expressly teach course there is no soul in man. Go- annihilation as the summum bonum tama was logical. Morover, if trans- of his system; he always refused to migration is a true doctrine, then make an explicit statement on the there is no such thing as a human subj ect thinking it better, apparently, species distinct from all other forms to concede this much to the weakness of life, man differs from the lower of human nature. animals only in having a better karma. Consistently with this theory, No God, no soul, annihilation as the Buddha held that the self or per- the goal and end of life-these are sonality has no permanent reality. It the dreary triad of doctrines which is the result of certain elements com- lie at the base of the Buddha's sysing together-a combination of facul- tem. They are not, like the great ties and characters. No one of these basal truth which God gave the early elements is a person, or soul, or self, Hebrews, capable of more and more but to their combination the name development, with increasing light, self is popularly given. Nothing but they are rather themselves the passes on from the old life to the end of a development, which, start.jng new one except the karma, the force right, turned off in the wrong direcwhich tends to bring about a new tion. And let us observe that these combination of life-elements. It is postulates have never yet in all the only a terrible ignorance which can years since their first promulgation lead one to think, "I am," and the been able to' get for themselves a thought, according to Buddhism, is place in the affections and faith of one of the worst forms of heresy. any race or nation. Individuals here and there have accepted them, but a This teaching as to God and the whole people never. Men can not soul will help us to understand the live upon negations; affirmation is Buddhist Nirvana, as to whether it more necessary than bread. Wrong is annihilation ot not. In Brahman- at the foundation, untrue at the root, ism Nirvana meant the cessation of Buddhism has never had a doctrinal soul life by its reabsorption into basis which could hold it together. Brahm, the TVorld Spirit. But in Hence, as Sir Monier Williams has Buddhism there is no Brahm and no said, "It passes from apparent atheism soul, hence the end of rebirth is, and materialism to theism, polytheism logically, the end of existence. Many, and spiritualism. It is under one ashowever, do not acknowledge this, pect mere pessimism; under another, but hold Nirvana to be a kind of un- high morality; under another, a vaconscious existence, in which the riety of materialistic philosophy; unmind, having vanquished desire and cler another, simple demonology; destroyed the elements of physical under another, a mere farrago of

superstitions, including necromancy, open book, and where the Gospel is witchcraft, idolatry and fetischism." preached in its purity _ In no other In considering present-day Bud- land can Buddhism be studied under dhism we should remember that this – more favorable conditions than in system, in its beginning, was not, like Burma. Sir J. George Scott, K.c.I.E., Christianity, given a social and in- a distinguished officer of the Gov- tended by its founder to be a world ernment of India, who has spent religion. Jesus was conscious from his life in the Orient, particularly in the beginning of the universality of Burma, and who as a writer is not His mission. The kingdoms of this partial to Christianity, has this to world were to become his king- say of Buddhism in the lands where dom. The Buddha had no such it now exists:* "The Buddhism of consciousness, and at first shrank China is a mockery and a by-word, from delivering his message, which and the monks are a shooting out of was not the announcement of a king- the lip. Japan grew up under Bud- dom at hand, but of a path whereby dhism. The religion is nominally wide- to escape from existence. He had no spread, but among the many good touch with society until there came points of the Japanese devotionalism to be a society of those who, as his is not one, .and as Buddhists they disciples, had adopted the homeless are a mere empty name. The Bud- life and become monks. It was only dhism of Siam is very lax. Most of when, on account of the increase the Siamese monks would be un- of his disciples, people complained: frocked if they lived in a Burmese "Gotama is breaking up family life," village. The Buddhism of Tibet is a that there had to be a relaxation of wild travesty, with a hierarchy at one the rule so as to tolerate marriage end, which is foreign to the teaching and the family. Primitive Buddhism, of the Buddha, and flat devil worship therefore, had from its very nature at the other. There remain the Bud- no social gospel to proclaim. As. dhists of Ceylon and the J ains of however, it quickly became a religion, northern India. As to the orthodoxy and at present boasts of its millions of the Cinghalese Buddhists there is of followers, it is only right that it no question. All believers acknowledge should be asked to give an account it, and make pilgrimages to the shrines of its stewardship, and to show what near Adam's Peak. It is open to dis- it has done or failed to do for those pute whether the J ains, be they the whose destiny has been committed to sky-clad ones or the white-robed its care. ones, are much better than dissenters, In studying the system in its prac- but their Buddhism, so far as it goes, tical working, we wish to see it at is practical. The Burmese, of course, its best It is thus we would have greatly outnumber both Cinghalese non-Christians study our own relig- and J ains, and may, therefore, claim ion. VoJe would not have them study to be the strongest body of profess- it in Spain or South America, where ing Buddhists in the world. It may the people are not permitted to read also be cli!-imed by them, or for them, the Scriptures, but in England or the that they most nearly follow the United States, where the Bible is an * Scott's [{ano-book of Burma, page 358.

IN PRACTISE 34

teaching of the Buddha. And yet has been the accepted religion of the they are far from doing so unre- people for at least a thousand years. servedly. But that is as much as to say that human nature is weak and Before the Eurmans were Budeasily led astray. The precepts of dhists they were animists, or spirit Buddhism are household words with worshipers, and their condition must high and low. . . . The ideas and have resembled the present condilanguage of the whole race are per- tion of the wild tribes on the Burma vaded by Buddhism. frontier, with some of whom, as the Chins, there is a racial affinity. These Burma is, therefore, the lanel in wild tribes are not difficult to evanwhich to study Buddhism at its best. gelize, and as disciples they are teach- The European or American, however, able. The progress of the Christian is always at a disadvantage when it Karens is well known, and the Chins comes to setting forth the actual be- and Kachins, when they become liefs and practises of the people. He Christians, also advance rapidly. It distrusts himself and his own impres- was good material with which Budsions, and knows the more thorough- dhism had to work. What are the rely the longer he has lived among sults as seen in the people of to-day? them how little he can see into and Are the Buctdhists of Burma spiritualunderstand their lives, how far they ly minded? Are they an intellectual are from being all alike, and how people? Vhat is their moral and easily almost any statement In one social condition? direction can be met by an equally true statement to the contrary. More- It would seem to look for the spirover, if one presents the facts faith- itual in a system which denies that fully and truthfully as he sees them there is any such thing as spirit. But from day to day, he is liable to be men are often better than their thought prejudiced, and to be charged creeds. Among the fruits of the spirit with wishing to represent Buddhism are mentioned long suffering, kindat its worst. But one must state the ness, meekness, self-control. These truth or what to him appears the virtues were possest by the Buddha truth, and surely this can be done in in an eminent degree. There are love. some monks to-day and also some laymen in whom they are exemplified When Buddhism was first intro- in a greater or less degree. But duced into Burma we do not know, these are exceptions; the Buddhists but it was perhaps ahout the fifth of Burma, whether monks or laity, century of our era; it may have been, are not spiritually minded; far from as yet the TIurmans claim, as early it. In the villages and cities there are no Buddhist churches corresas 207 B.c. The matter is not im- ponding in their organization to our Christian churches, and for the people portant for our purpose. At Pagan, centers of instruction, culture and inau old capital in Upper Burma, there spiration. In every village there is are monuments of the eleventh and the monastery, and frequently a numtwelfth centuries, which show that at ber of them, and there are the monks, that time Buddhism had attained in who are, according to the system, the Burma a condition of great splendor and power. It is safe to say that it

real followers of the Buddha. but mention later, the monk is burdened they have no duties and obligation, as by such trilling rules as, not to eat shepherds and leaders of the people, after mid-day; not to dance, sing or who are left without guidance and play on a musical instrument; not to instruction. About two and one-half color the face with sandalwood, sleep per cent. of the Buddhist male pop- on a high bed, or touch gold and sil- ulation of Burma are wearers of the ver. Such rules have nothing to do yellow robe. with a man's heart or thought life; In the beginning monasticism was, they are merely external, and the doubtless. useful to the Burmese. They monk's observance of them is of the were a wild people and it had a civ- same fashion. For example, a monk ilizing influence upon them, softening will cover his hands with a handker- their barbarous customs and curbing chief and receive as much gold or sil- their 'brutality. In the time of the ver as may be given to him.

Burmese kings the monks often inter- The chief means of the laity for ceded with the Government for the acquiring merit is by giving to the people, obtained remission of taxes in monks. This the monks urge upon times of scarcity and disaster, and them in all their preaching. In fact, temporary relief in cases where there their sermons are little else than ex- was a local failure of the crops. hortations to a charity of which they But looked at as it is to-day, themselves are to be the recipients.

monasticism in Burma stands con- To give to the wise, according to the demned. Monasteries are centers of Buddhist view, is better and more indolence instead of industry, and in profitable than to give to the poor some cases they are hotbeds of and needy. The higher the recipient CrIme. Gotama made the brother- the more meritorious the offering.

hood democratic, which was a blow "The layman's life, it is said, is ful1 at caste, a great thing in his day. of danger, and almost inevitably in- The monk was not primarily a teach- volves demerit, but by well-placed er, he was a man who recognized gifts, seed sown in the right field"- the vanity of life, and withdrew from that is, offerings made to the monks- the world that he might by meditation "he can be assuring a vast crop of conquer desire and enter the path of merit. He may secure many births Nirvana, Why should not the door in heaven, and have but few in hell."

of the brotherhood stand wide open Thus, the giving of the Burmese is for the entrance of all such men? in the nature of a commercial ven- But in Bmma to-day this wide-open ture, and they naturally put their cloor is entered too often by lazy, money where they think the best re- ignorant, and in cases not a few bad turn upon it will be realized. Mon- men. The picturesque language of asteries, pagodas, idols, robes and Victor Hugo may be applied to Bur- other articles for the monks-it is to ma: "He who says 'monastery' says these that the great stream of Bur- 'marsh,' and the yellow robe is 'the mese benevolence constantly flows.

winding sheet' of the thinking man." The deepest, saddest failure of In addition to the five rule. to be Buddhism is in its having for its mil- kept by the laity, amI which I shaJl lions of followers no revelation of

BUDDHISM IN PRACTISE

God. Yet the common people are not struse for the common people. Also consciously atheistical. They say that Gotama is their God, and in their Nirvana is too remote and too diffi- minds he is a deity of a sort. They have the greatest of reverence for cult of attainment. They prefer some- him. He is called the Blest, the Per- fect; he is the "joy of the whole thing more tangible, and also, if the world; the- helper of the helpless; the deva of devas." It is true he is gone, truth must be told, something more but they have his images, and his last injunction was, they say, that they carnal. Apart from Nirvana, there should worship these. They are of all sorts, molten images made in Bir- are, according to Buddhism, thirty mingham, England; and molten images made in Mandalay; images chis- different states or conditions of exist- eled from alabaster, and images carved from wood. They are of all sizes- ence. Four of these are states of the reclining Buddha at Pegu is 181 feet in length-and there are little suffering in which beings pay the Buddhas only an inch or two long. Many of the people do not get be- penalty of their evil deeds. Of these yond the images in their worship, but the more intelligent say that the im- unhappy states, one is the animal age only helps them in their worship of the Buddha. There is no one to kingdom, comprizing all forms of anihear prayer, yet they pray, hoping in some way unknown to them to re- mal life. Life as an animal, whether ceive benefit. beast, fish, fowl, reptile or insect, is The Buddhist doctrine of no soul in man is not the belief popularly regarded as a punishment for sins. held by the Buddhist people. The Rurmans believe in an immaterial part The denizens of the second and third in man's nature, which may wander away temporarily, as in dreams and states of suffering are purely fabswoons, without causing death. Yhen a wife dreams of her absent husband ulous beings. The fourth state is the it means that their spirits, as we should say, have wandered away from Buddhist hell, which is divided into the bodies and met in dreamland. This belief of the Burmans is an in- eight principal hells, and these again heritance from the time they were animists. Buddhism, in fact, is only a are subdivided. One day in some of veneer over their former animistic faith. If you scratch a Burman Bud- these hells is equal to from 500 to dhist you will find a spirit worshiper. 800 of our years, and punishment The doctrine of Nirvana is too ab- there may extend up to 16,000 in- fernal years. In the larger pagodas and places of worship, supposed scenes from the states of suffering are paint- ed upon the walls, and also scenes from the states of bliss. One of the happy states is that of man, and six others are those of the nats, who are corporeal beings superior to man, and occupy six different seats on the My- inmu (Meru) mountain. The life of a nat is one of sensual bliss and may last for 500 years, but that would he eql1al to 9.000 of our years.

The nineteen remaining states are those of the Brahmas, who occu- py the higher celestial regions. They are, however, too high above the peo- ple to have much an influence upon them. – With so many attractive states of existence open to the man who can

accumulate merit sufficient to attain jects, as well as in religion, is what them, the doctrine of Nirvana has the Buddha himself is supposed to too much competition, and make little have taught. In answering the quesheadway among the Burmans. What tion, therefore, as to what the rethe Buddhist wishes is to avoid re- ligion of the Eurmans is, it is not birth in any of the states of suffering, enough simply to point to the Pali whether as an animal or in one of canon and primitive Buddhism, for the hells; he would like rebirth as a their cosmogony, geography, and much man, especially as a rich man; and of the folklore in which imagination better still, if he could attain to it, runs riot are to them, equally with would it be to be born a nat. the most ancient doctrine, part and parcel of the Buddhist faith. "Vhat about the intellectual life of the people? The Buddha was the It is impossible to present in this "Enlightened One." Are the Buddhist paper, even in barest outline, the Burpeople enlightened? His great work man view of the world. It is well set it was to abolish ignorance; how has forth in Spence Hard's well-known he succeeded in Burma? But we "Manual of Buddhism." Standing in must look to the meaning of our the center is the Myinmo (Meru) terms. The Buddha was the "en- mountain, which rises to a height of lightened one" because he thought his 84,000 yoozanas (a yoozana is 13Y; way through the mystery of rebirth English miles), and it has an equal and discovered the Four Noble Truths. depth below the sea. That part of The ignorance which he sought to the world which is the abode of men abolish was ignorance as to the neces- and animals has a diameter of 1,203,- sary connection of sorrow with exist- 400 yoozanas, and its depth is 240,- ence. The system of the Buddha 000 yoozanas. The half of this depth places all the emphasis on these so- consists entirely of dust and the other called "truths," and regards every- half of stone. Underneath this is an thing else as of no importance. Ques- enormotls volume of water, and betions of science, geography, astron- neath this another volume of air. Beomy, or even of metaphysics, are set neath the air there is nothing but aside as useless subtleties. Ignorance vacuity. This may serve as a sample of these is not the ignorance which of the Burman view of the world. It ruins. The Buddha thought that he is an unquestioned belief with those had found the path which leads to 'vho have not had a thorough train- .. the cessation of suffering, and he set ing in a mission or government school, so much by this "knowledge" that he and even by some of these it has not cared not for any other. This was yet been given up. It is only recently the spirit of primitive Buddhism. that the Government have ventured to Nevertheless, Buddhism, as we see it make geography a compulsory subject in Burma, has its cosmogony, its for. study in all the schools of the geography and its teaching upon al- land. In some schools, not mission most all subjects. Everything lay or government, but Buddhist lay open to the mind of the Buddha after schools, pupils are taught that the he obtained omniscience, and what the Buddhist view of the world i~ the Burmans now believe upon these sub- true one, but that, nevertheless, when

IN PRACTISE

the school inspector comes to make light upon the trees or the roof, the the annual examination, pupils must shape of the holes made by mice, and say that the world is round, and an- so on almost without end. swer other questions in geography in harmony with the "English" view, so The credulity and superstition of that they may be permitted to pass the Burmese make them the easy victhe examination. In the monastic tims of quacks and charlatans of schools, aside from a smattering of every description. But let us. not be arithmetic, nothing is taught save the uncharitable in our judgment. The subject of religion. The number of Burmese are, perhaps, not worse than pupils in these schools is at present other races who have never had a not great. Most men among the Bur- knowledge of the true God. They mans can read, but when they do so are naturally a people of bright mind, it is generally in a loud voice and but they are idolators, and idolatry is with little thought as to the nature of not the soil in which to grow intelthe subject-matter. A good many lect. "They that make them shall be women, particularly in Lower Burma, like unto them." can read. This is a result of missionary activity and example in the What is the moral and ethical sigeducation of girls. nificance of Buddhism? In the Bud- dha's teaching there are many beauti- From what has been said as to ful ethical precepts. His life, too, their intellectual development, it will seems to have been almost a perfect readily be imagined that the Burmese incarnation of what he taught. This are a superstitious people. It is not has been to Buddhism a source of unundertaken in this paper, however, to told power. The Buddha, in his life set forth how superstitious they are. and ethical teachings, has been often That would require a volume. They compared with the Christ. But, as a have a book called "Bedin," which is a matter of fact, the ethical system of work on astrology, explaining the Buddhism does not work in practise, signs of the heavens; another book and a careful examination reveals called "Deihton," explains the signs, many great weaknesses inherent in it good and evil, to be drawn from ob- and part and parcel of it. These it is jects upon the earm. Omens are possible here only to mention. First found in everythmg-the aspects of and greatest is the absence in it of the sun, moon and planets; from the any idea of God. Because of this it wood in one's house, boat or cart; has been necessary for the Burmans from the howling of dogs, the sing- to live lives practically atheistical, to ing of birds, and even from the in- the great detriment of their happivoluntary movements of one's own ness, character and conduct. Another body. A dog carrying a bone, a hen weakness is· the pessimism which colon her nest, the way in which one ors the whole system. Meditation is person meets another in the road, enjoined, but only on subjects best and what that person may be carry- fitted to destroy one's desire for ing, whether a broom, a spade or a existence, such as the impurities of fish; the way in which bees make the human body, which are set forth their comb, the way in which birds with disgusting minuteness, and upon'

other subjects equally unedifying. A sponsibilities, in the sorrows and trials, third defect is the absence of any which they have to bear.

appeal to the conscience, to the sense The precepts of the Buddha were of duty. The Buddhist may observe at first given only to his immediate the precepts or he may disregard disciples, the monks. But later, as them, it is a matter which concerns has been already said, the laity had himself, and the moving consideration to be recognized. Family life could with him, according to the system, not be broken up, and without the of- will be the merit which he will ac- ferings of the laity the monks them- quire in the one case or the demerit selves could not exist. There are which will come to him in the other. tlve rules which are binding upon all The earnestness which Buddhism in- Buddhists, and the morality of the culcates is thus put upon a low and Buddhist laity may be fairly tested by very selfish plane. A system of mor- the way in which these rules are ob- als in which the hope of reward and served. They are: I. Not to take the fear of punishment are the only life. 2. Not to steal. 3. Not to com- constraining motives can not help mit adultery. 4. Not to lie. 5. Not men very far up the ladder of vir- to drink intoxicating liquors.

tue. The rule against taking life applies In Christian lands the ministers of to the whole aninial kingdom. In Christian churches are preeminently Buddhism there is an identification the leaders of the people in all great of all the various forms of life, and questions of moral and social reform. hence a distorted morality with ref- In Buddhism the conception is differ- erence to man's relations to the low- ent. The monk enters the sacred pre- er animals. It tends to make the cincts of the monastery for the pur- Buddhist more kind to animals, and pose of seclusion. He is seeking for yet not to the extent which one might the calm and passionless state in think. For an animal may be treated which there is no such thing as de- most cruelly without transgressing sire. It was said of JeSl1S that he the command by actually taking its went about doing good. The same life. Under the Burman kings it was was said of the Buddha, but in this prohibited by law to kill any large he was nobly inconsistent with the animal, as the ox or buffalo. The re- precepts of his own system. Yet the sult was that animals which died of Buddhist monk, if he is an upright disease or olel age were eaten as food.

man, is by no means without influ- This is still a custom in all parts of ence in his village. As he goes quiet- Burma. There are plenty of fisher- ly about, with shaved head and bare men among the Burmans, but their feet, and clad in the yellow robe, business does not accord with their his dignified and solemn deportment religion, and they get scant respect radiate respect for his religion on all from the people, who, however, free- sides. But his influence is the silent ly buy their fish. The also buy beef influence of his manner and the garb and pork in the bazaar, the animals he wears, not the influence' of an ac- being killed by Chinamen or Moham- tive participation and fellowship with medans. They observe only the letter . the people in the burdens and re- of the law, and the motive is the fear

IN PRACTISE

of the demerit which may come to China, and with the minimum of themselves if they transgress it. labor the rich soil of their country has given them abundant harvests. As to intoxicating liquors, the Bur- Hence they have been well fed. Their man people are not drinkers. They religion could scarcely be thought of know how to prepare an intoxicating as a system devised to make men drink from rice and also from the happy, but they do not take to heart sugar of the palm, but, with rare ex- its dreary pessimism. They look to ceptions, they do not indulge in this. their offerings for the merit which is Their usual beverage is water, and to place them well in the next exthey also drink tea. In these days istence. Meanwhile they enjoy the the evil example of Europeans is present. leading some of the young men of Burma to drink, but this is opposed Their religious gatherings are of a to their religion and to the time-hon- festival nature, only a short time ored custom of their race. need be spent in worship, and the rest can be given to visiting and hav- As for the remaining three pre- ing a good time. But with many of cepts-not to steal, not to commit them "a good time" means sensuality adultery, and not to lie-it is hardly and sin. necessary in speaking to those who know human nature to say that they As elsewhere in the Orient, age are not kept. Prohibitions, mere gets reverence in Burma. Young negativisms, can not make men right- people are respectful to their elders. eous, for it is out "of the abundance Children are devoted to their parents, of the heart that the mouth speak- and will support them if they have eth" and the life is lived. Where is need. In Burma there is little of acthe non-Christian religion that can tual want as compared with India plant truth "in the inward parts?" and China. As a rule the Burmans that can give to men nobility and are kind to those in distress and will stability of character? It is certain- feed the hungry. But organized charly not Buddhism. Truthful, chaste, ity is left to the Christians. Hoshonest in business matters-the Bur- pitals and homes for lepers and schools mans are not. Yet there are indi- for the blind are not established by viduals among them who are most Buddhists in Burma. estimable people. And there are Burman Christians, who illustrate by The present is a time of transition their lives of virtue .and piety, what and change in Burma. Influences the people might have been had Christ from without have entered, estabinstead of the Buddha been their lished themselves, and grown strong. Master during these many centuries. Britain took over the government from the Burman kings and pacified From what has already been said the country. Western civilization enit will be possible to infer consider- tered. Steamboats whistle on the rivable as to social conditions among ers and railway trains speed over the the Buddhists of Burma. We can land. Communication is easy. Imtouch the subject only briefly. The migration from India and China is Burmans have never been over crowd- rapidly adding to the popUlation. Proted as have the people of India and estant missions were in Burma be-

fore the advent of the British, and monasteries. Yet the more enlightthe Roman Catholics were there be- ened of the Buddhist people will in fore the Protestants. Missions are the future tend more and more to aggressive, instant in season and out work along these lines. This is a of season. An impression upon Bud- direct result of Christian missions. dhism is being made; it is inevitable. The ties of religion are not so strong Buddhism has also been influenced as they once were, and ancient cus- by Christian teaching. Buddhists have toms are not so much regarded. This been known to hold prayer-meetings, has its bad as well as its good side. and to claim that "Nirvana is only what Jesus calls eternal life." They Just now we hear much of a "re- have said that God will reward them vival" of Buddhism. It is natural for their works of piety, and when that this should be attempted, but im- asked where God is they have pointed possible that it should succeed. It upward. Buddhism will doubtless take would be as easy to "square the over much more from Christianity and, circle" as to revive Buddhism. It of course, without ever admitting its has no principle of progress and is distinctively Christian source. out of harmony with the conditions which environ it in Burma. Buddhism While thus appropriating Christian can not assimilate Western thought teaching to itself and copying Chrisand civilization without itself ceasing tian methods of missionary work, Bud~ to exist. dhists are at the same time proclaiming that Christianity has been discredited in But what has already taken place the West, that in Europe and Amermay serve to indicate for us what the ica it is dying out, but that Buddhism course of development will probably is the religion of evolution and in be. Buddhism is doing something in alliance with modern discoveries and Anglo-vernacular school work both Western philosophy. for boys and girls; it has a tract society and a missionary society; in This is the present situation. As Rangoon there is a Y. M. C. A. said above, it is a period of change These methods have been suggested and transition. Meanwhile, Christian to Buddhists by the work of Chris- missionary work is advancing hopetian missions which they see about fully. Ultimate conquest of the land them. They are not well supported, is assured. It was Burma of which and not much has been accomplished. Dr. J ndson said so many years ago: The gifts of the people are not easily "The outlook is as bright as are the diverted from pagodas, monks and promises of God."

THE PO'VER BEHIND IDOLATRIES A vast body of truth lies behind a few words of George Dana Boardman: Satan lords it over man's moral nature. Look at the world's idolatries: at its Apis, Baal, Dagon, Mithra, Siva, the Greek and Roman mythologies, or at the idolatry of second causes, the worship of antecedent, and consequent, the adoration of the powers of nature. What is materialism but a sort of sublimated fetishism!

IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL

REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., CONSTANTINOPLE ~~'="~;?)lALF a century .ago the Chinese on whose mental integrity people of America were and stability of character we can most enduring the anguish of confidently rely to meet the changes "a new birth in free- which coming years will usher in." dom." At tremendous cost was the world as- Nearer home we may contemplate with intelligent and sympathetic insured that "government of the people, terest the throes of national rebirth by the people and for the people as they have been revealed before our should not perish from the earth." eyes for three years past, in the ef- fort to unite into one people the We know now far better than the various Mussulman and non-Mussulmost sanguine prophet of that time man races, who alike regard the soil knew what that new birth in freedom of Turkey as their fatherland. means to the other peoples of the world. The influence in Europe of On April 27, 1909, there ended at the vindication of popular govern- once the nine months' farce of conment in America was immediate and stitutional government with a typical beneficent, and it has been permanent. Oriental despot on the throne, and the reign, extending over a third of Perhaps no man living fifty years a century, of the Sultan Abdul Hamid ago foresaw the stupendous power of IL In fact, the new regip1e began influence which popular government, from that hour. Glance back four justified in America, would exert years. How did the Mussulman and upon the old nations of Asia. Even the non-Mussulman in Turkey regard now, occupied as we are with solv- the future of their country? They ing political problems close .at hand, were all rank pessimists. How could do many clearly see how far American they be anything else? All power national life in liberty is revolution- was in the hands of an irresponsible izing Oriental peoples? autocrat, self-imprisoned in the treb- ly guarded rooms of his own palace. Only my lifelong residence in the Venality, hypocrisy, sycophancy, ly- Ottoman Empire justifies me in pre- ing reduced to a fine art, had reached suming to shed some light upon the in the entourage of the imperial palproblems now in process of solution ace the ne pittS ultra of infamy. Dire in the nearer East. Touching the poverty and heartless oppression had vaster problems of the farther East, made the people hopeless. Men charged as they are with momentous learned how to talk for hours about issues not for China alone, but for all idle nothings to escape the fangs of mankind, I have no claim to speak. the ubiquitous spy. Upright men Do not those stupendous movements and uprightness itself were banished immeasurably transcend in interest from the realm. Truth was not curand importance nineteen-twentieths rent coin. Any man who dared speak of the news with which our daily truth in or near the Star Palace fled papers are filled? Thirty years ago the country or was exiled. Liberty! Dr. Wells lilliams, who then knew The word could neither be spoken both China and Japan better than any other American, said to me: "Of the people of the farther East, it is the

nor printed. The only peace that race. Every officer of a Moslem state reigned was the peace of a graveyard. is equally a civil and a religious offi- cer. This was the inheritance of the party of revolution and reform which Now note that when the constituseriously undertook the administra- tional regime really came into power in tion of government in a land all sea- Turkey, with the deposition and decost and border line, with jealous ene- portation from the capital of Abdul mies on every quarter, with its in- Hamid, Austria-Hungary had already ternal resources wantonly wasted or annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, utterly neglected, with nine-tenths of Bulgaria had hastened to cut the last the Moslem population altogether un- bond which bound her to Turkey, ready and unwilling to be of service and Crete was prevented from folin the new era of reform. For age- lowing suit by the intervention of the long antipathy has existed between Powers. Mussulman and subject Christian races, and equally between different It was a sine qua non for the suc- Mussulman races, the Arab hating cess of the new order that the the Turk, neither Arab nor Albanian military forces of the empire, .alloyally subject to Ottoman rule. ready formidable, be reorganized and strengthened. Accordingly, the mili- Christian aspiration, violently sup- tary leader, Mahmoud Shevket Pasha, prest for half a millennium in the who, in April, 1909, leaped by one Armenian and Greek peoples, sprang hound into world-wide fame, has been into new life. the strongest man in the government for the past three years, exercising Both those races are the inheritors martial law at the capital and underof a very ancient and noble national taking the control of affairs throughhistory of which they are justly out the country, including Albania proud. The relation of the average and Arabia, by military forces, ex- Christian races to their Mohammedan pending thereon more than half the rulers during all the centuries of their revenues of the empire.

subjection has been one of acknowl- At the outset much sympathy was edged inferiority. The Turks have shown to Turkey in her efforts at utilized their Christian subjects in reform by all the states and peoples their own interest, and have despised of Europe. This is part and parcel rather than hated them. The sup- of European history during the past pression of national aspiration, re- three years. Many most essential sulting from these conditions, has reforms were carried out, and that made the change which has now tran- promptly, to the credit of the new spired more significant and emphatic. order. The infamous spy system was swept away at one stroke. Freedom It should never be forgotten that of travel, of the press, of public asrace and religion are in Mussulman sembly, became facts in the life of Turkey quite identical. A Gregorian the people for the first time in the Armenian who becomes a Catholic is course of Ottoman history. It was now a Catholic, not an Armenian. A impossible for the new-formed gov- Greek who becomes a Protestant is ernment at once to dismiss from ofregarded by the Greeks as having severed himself from that illustrious

I9I2] TURKEY IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL REBIRTH 35 J

fice all unworthy and incompetent viz. : the uniting into one people of the 11len and fill their places with upright, several races of which the Ottoman capable and loyal men. There were Empire is composed. But the actual not enough good and capable men to realization of this ideal requires not go round. Besides, the sudden dis- three years or three times three, but missal from office of many thousands at least the time for two generations of men, parasites tho they were, was of me~ to pass over the stage of acfraught with peril. These men would tion, and the practical difficulties in form a great army of malcontents the way of its realization are complex and conspirators against the new gov- and numerous beyond all calculation. ernment. It is a Herculean task, and as yet we look in vain for a Hercules to per- In April, 1909, thousands of men form it. of many races, many of them patriots and possest of European education, Mistakes! Of course there will be had returned to their Fatherland, and mistakes made. But was there ever little by little they became leaders in a task undertaken by mortal men civil affairs, in the press and in Par- where the really able and patriotic liament; and, however many and leaders more richly deserved the symserious the shortcomings of the Otto- pathy of free peoples? Here is an man Parliament during the three instance of the impossibility of doyears of its existence, it may fairly ing the things the leaders in the new be said that vVestern Parliaments of- regime saw that actual conditions reten live in glass houses and should quired and even when they did their not throw stones. best to meet the need. Nazim Pasha, one of the ablest and most upright All this was but a beginning in the public servants Turkey ever had, was actual establishment of constitutional sent, as both civil and military govgovernment in the sense of govern- ernor, to the great, remote province of ment "of the people by the people Bagdad. The Beys, who had done as and for the people." "By the people" they pleased for cycles of time, did must still and for long years to come, not like this reforming ruler. They both in the near and the farther East, jumped upon him with both feet and in all Asia, in fact, and in Africa, all together, and Nazim had to be also, be eliminated from the state- retired. The administration of the ment which expresses what popular distant province of Tripoli also was government in its true sense really waiting for better times and better is. Even within the party of reform men. differing and opposed ideas quickly emerge. The Greeks cherish hopes The Present Situation and plans that differ radically from those of the Turks. The Armenians N ow we face conditions which mean by patriotism, a word they are every true friend of Turkey profond of, something which bears little foundly regrets. Conciliation, not resemblance to the meaning the Turks force, should have been used for reattach to the term. It is a noble ideal storing normal order in Albania. which the "Young Turks" announced as that which they meant to realize, The Albanians, Mussulman and non-Mussulman alike, insisted on their

right to use their own language in be expected? A rising of Turks, the Latin character in their schools, Arabs and other Moslems against all a right which the Government should Christians was to be expected.

have granted. Now observe the self-restraint and In consequence of the course adopt- the justice of Turks under dire ed by the Government in Albania, and provocation. They discriminated be- the very serious sufferings to which tween Italians and other Christians.

the Albanians were subjected, sym- They did not declare a Holy War, pathy for the Turks cooled through- tho hate toward their ruthless ene- out Europe. Italy saw her chance. mies burned within them. If the During the reign of Abdul Hamid, new order in Turkey can stand such among the Powers of Europe there a strain as Italy has most unrighteous- was an unwritten agreement or secret ly subjected it to, it will mean 1110re understanding that at the approach- of character in the patriuts of that ing disruption and partition of the land than Christendom has credited Ottoman Empire the share of Italy them with. Turkey feels her need should be the province of Tripoli in of help from peoples of the Vest.

North Africa. So Italy, taking no Especially does she respect and trust advice from any European state, and Americans, and may we not cherish utterly ignoring the I-Iague agreement, the hope that this unjust war will re- to which she was co-signatory with sult in better opportunities for Amer- Turkey, launched her ultimatum, tho icans to aid the educational, social she had no casus belli, and hurled and political rebirth of those ancient her well-prepared fleet and army peoples of that historic land?

across the Mediterranean sea on the Ever since the work of American most gigantic piratical expedition missionaries in Turkey began, the known to history. missionaries have lived in the midst The Arabs appeared to submit, of the Mohammedan population, on even, it was claimed, to welcome the friendly and kindly terms with their invader! Did not the Italians under- . ::Ioslem neighbors. As the years stand those Arabs? Did they believe have passed the observant Turks have them so pusillanimous as to give up come to trust and esteem these Amer- their homes without lifting a hand to icans resident among them. Old save or retake them? Suddenly the prejudices have yielded, interest has Arabs fell upon unsuspecting Italian been awakened among the Moslems regiments from the rear and slew to understand the reasons why some hundreds of their men. They these foreign Christians represent an were acting according to their laws intelligence and a prosperity and a of war and according to the teach- social order which is wholly foreign ings of their religion. What then? to their own experience. Little by The Italians, who had seized their little they have begun to read the land, and had brought over their Christian Scriptures circulated in their priests to convert the Arabs to their own language, also other books and faith, remorsely slew 4,000 men, booklets of Christian teaching. In women and children, on the plea of the more recent years they have ob- military necessity! What was then to served and praised the educational

12] INFLUE)!CE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

work done by American missionaries, under the new order of government and have begun to send their own in the years to come. sons and daughters to American schools. Let the Great Powers, if they must, remain neutral, muzzled, while the Vithin the last score of years hos- unequal contest rages between Italy pitals and dispensaries have been es- and Turkey. The press and the tablished by American missionaries peoples of Christendom have, with in the chief interior cities of the em- great unanimity, condemned the conpire, and more than one-half of the duct of Italy and lifted up their hands patients treated in these institutions in horror at the ruthless massacres llave been Moslems of the various perpetrated by Italian soldiers. Turkey races. at the outset begged and begged in vain for the mediation of Christian Tn these ways the Turks have been Powers. She has despaired of rereading object-lessons 111 practical ceiving fr0111 any Christian Power the Christianity, and that with marked help her righteous claims fully merand permanent resuas. They do not ited. She is enduring the throes of yet show a desire to change their an- national rebirth, deserted and alone. cestral religion for that of these new- To Americans within her borders, er races of the West. Is it surpri- and to the free people of this land zing, in view of what they know of she looks for sympathy, and when European Christianity, that they do the crisis is past, for substantial help not? But the influences that are in the development of national life extended among them are already made secure by education and moral fraught with blessing and contain the uplift based on American-let us say, promise of vastly greater blessings Ch ristia n-ideal s.

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS BY YING-YUEH YANG, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

N the way fr0111 ma- proof falls; and as far as this is con- cerned, no Descartes has ever yet suc- IOI terialism to conscious- ceeded. If such extreme materialists ness of religion, the are few, it is because Confucius, their Chinese student finds greatest Chinese authority 011 moral that his own intellec- questions, did not deny, but confest tual faculty, fostered by ignorance of what is beyond this a fair amount of scientific learning, world. Of those who appreciate the becomes a great barrier which seems value of this confession of ignorance, unsurmountable at first. Until the the attitude toward religion is entirely rock cliff becomes transparent, he can different from those of the materialist, not be induced to see the road beyond tho scarcely more satisfactory acit. For the few through and through cording to the strictly Christian point materialists, the existence of super- of view. They seem to regard renatural being remains to be proved by ligion as a factor-a means to an end. those on whose side the burden of

Some of them, however, would read- religious phase of life of a large numily concede, after a careful examina- Ler of Chinese students. Out of 800 tion of facts, that the Christian re- Chinese students in this country, only ligion, with all its historical process of about 200 are Christians and probadaptation and improvement, has been ably one or two Mohammedans. a very great factor in securing prog- Every year there are several who, ress and happiness for mankind. having been convinced of the trutli 'Wherever there is Christianity, there and usefulness of Christianity, adopt is progress, there is wealth and there the Christian faith. During the last is power. But as long as it is not the year, fifteen such cases were recordonly means to the end (which is, of ed; a majority of these persons, howcourse, true, if the hypothesis be tak- ever, had received missionary educaen for granted), they have good rea- tion before they came to America. son to refuse distorting their intel- This gives us an idea of the extent lectual faculty to solve this spiritual of America's religious influence upon riddle. In other words, they approach the Chinese students. Curious enough, religion from ethics, and not from the such influence does not necess<.rily metaphysical nor from any other come from religious institutions. The point of view. results are to be classified as the by- products of intellectual enlightenment, The majority of the Chinese stu- as we shall presently see. dents in America were not brought up in Christian families. They were not According to a prominent member familiar with the teachings of Christ of the Chinese Stuctents' Christian until they were full-grown. They are Association, who is also well acquaintnot profound in Western rnusic, ed with those who have recently be- Western poetry, and Western classics. come Christians, it was the intellec- At home they have seen more of West- tual influence that brought about the ern aggression than they have heard change in their belief. "They were of Western preaching. Owing to convinced," said he, "rather than conthese facts, they lack the essential verted." Their spiritual faculty was means of access to the understanding enabled to see through the rock cliff of concrete religious concepts. To which once formed an unsurmountthem, religious teaching seems to be able barrier to their pure reason. Of largely for the preservation of moral course, when one undergoes a deciorder, of which China has too much, sive change such as that of religion, while scientific learning is for prog- other influences of a more or less ress, of which China has too little. emotional nature must also have been We suspect that even some of the present. But in the case of the Chi- Christian Chinese students hold this nese student with the peculiar circumview. stances of his early education, the in- tellectual aspect of the problem evi- This lack of means of access to the dently has to be solved first. Then. appreciation of concrete religious con- just as some are brought into concepts, combined with the earnestness sciousness of religion, many others with which they pursue their studies are brought nearer to such state of conthat are of material use to China, ac- sciousness through the action of the counts for the undue neglect of the

OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

same influence which has a tendency garded as antagonistic to religious to remove misunderstanding and to ideas, could have an effect on the Chihumble the conceited. Those who are nese student favorable to religious thus brought nearer to religion, tho ideas. The answer is, that while these indefinite as to their position, will by studies are in general incompatible no means be less significant in the with certain specific religious dogmas, future religious development in China. they nevertheless serve to confirm and to give a more permanent support to Splendid opportunities to obtain en- the fundamental principles of religion lightenment on religious questions, es- with which they are not in conflict. pecially their philosophical side, are frequently found during a student's There is an actual case of a Chinese career in, America. Such opportuni- girl student, who, tho highly educated ties, however, are not necessarily in in Chinese literlLture and old ethical! the nature of religious exercises. Pub- ideas, and not without a conservative lic lectures on religious and philoso- tl1rn of mind, became a Christian after phical subjects, especially the latter, a very few years' stay in America. college studies in sociology, social She testified to her friends that it was sciences, comparative religion, and her unc1erstan'ding of the fundamental ethics, and sometimes even friendly principles of Christianity that made conversation on religious topics, all her become a Christian in order to let these have a convincing influence on her future conduct be guided by those the student. To many of the Chinese principles. We have reason to bestudents who maintain the idea that lieve that her religious principles, like while the material civilization of the that of many other Chinese students West may be superior to that of the in this country, is probably inclined to Chinese, the superiority of the moral be liberal, but it is perhaps equally civilization still belongs to the latter, true that it will be useful and will the above-mentioned studies enables stand the test of many a hard probthem to value the Western institutions lem. Another student testifies that he according to the Western point of became thoroughly convinced of the view, and finally to enable them to ad- truth of Christian doctrines through mit of certain modifications to their the chance reading of a certain book original view. To the materialistic, on that subject. Here the change is these studies are extremely alluring at perhaps entirely free from emotional the outset on account of the seeming or other inexplicable factors. Howharmony with their convictions, Their ever, we must not think that inspirit of scientific inquiry induces tellectual forces alone can always be them to go deeper into those branches sufficient to change a person from of learning, till finally the same spirit non-Christian into Christian-a procof theirs force them to see that in order ess which must require something to be scientific, they must admit of cer- more than pure reasoning. Of the tain principles and facts tho these may fifteen converts, the majority are enginot have occurred to themselves in ac- neering and agricultural students who tual experience of life. It may be could not have had much opportunity questioned, however, why these sec- to go deeply into those philosophical ular studies, which are generally re- studies, save from public lectures and

general literature. Some motive force acteristics now dormant in these seeds, is always essential. The effect of per- will grow with leaps and bounds besonality which serve as concrete ex- fore the end of the present generaamples of good Christian product is tion. usually a source of inspiration to the Chinese students who happen to be Altho the number of converts is brought into contact with the best cul- small, it must not be supposed that tured class of American society. Per- the moral and religious influences of sons whom the students regard as America fail to cut a figure in those their superiors in learning and experi- who remain non-Christian. The selfence, who are sincere in what they sacrificing spirit of the Americans. represent with indefatigable spirit of whether attributed to religious origin self-sacrifice and yet 'free from selfish or to the characteristic restlessness of motives in whatever they undertake, the people, invariably impresses the these impress the students as if there Chinese student as an excellent, usel11ust be some powerful force behind ful quality. Abstractly considered, it the moral maxims which at their best is a moral maxim. Concretely aponly guide each particular conduct plied, it is patriotism-patriotism not separately. One Chinese student who in the sense of fighting spirit, nor of was baptized a few years ago told us race conceit, but of usefulness to that his observation on the work of one's own community. He sees pathe Y. M. C. A. in a certain city gave triotism in being an engineer, in being him a strong moral lesson. The zeal a fanner, or a teacher. In other with which they work, the small re- words, it is the realization of the muneration they receive and the scar- larger aim of one's education. The city of chances for popular distinc- longer one studies in America, the tion show very plainly that their mo- more anxiously one longs for the tive can not but be the highest of actual application of his acquired motives. This little casual observa- know ledge. The more one observes tion served as the main influence that of America, the better he loves his made him adopt the Christian faIth. own country. When one pursues a study, he does so mainly because it If number is always a correct in- will be of use to China, and only dex of result, then we must say that partly for his own personal pros- America has not greatly influenced pects. 'When one abstains from a the Chinese students toward religion. temptation, he does so not so much The potentiality, however, is hardly for the sake of his own reputation as estimable. Vho knows if these few for the sake of the reputation of converts might not contain the seeds the Chinese, The Chinese Students' of future Christendom in China? If Monthly has adopted the motto: "The the conditions in China turn out love of our country guides." And to be favorable to their flourishing, the same kind of spirit can be found which, above all, require a form of in almost every Chinese student to a government that promises the maxi- varying extent. mum amount of tolerance, it is safe to say that Christianity, not without However, this curious growth of tints of American ideals and char- patriotic zeal in a foreign land does not find its origin solely in the i111ita-

tion of American activeness. Amer- poses this principle may be sufficient, ica has its negative influences that because at this stage of the world's stimulate as weIl as positive influ- civilization, patriotism is perhaps one ences that inspire. The appeIlation of the best ways to be of use to of "Chinaman," with all its custom- humanity. But is this broad and ary implications, is something that deep enough to give permanence to has never been experienced at home. his character? 'What if the emotion- Until they arrive in America, the al incentives are withdrawn? What if Chinese students, deceived by the im- he returns home, whither no stimulapression conveyed by the mission- tion wil! follow at his heels? At aries, never knew that the Exclusion present he may solemnly declare that Law was considered right by all he will follow this sacred principle American people. Then, at public during all his life. But even if we occasions, after "My Country, 'tis of believe that he will be faithful to his Thee," comes the question: "What is word, still there is one question that your national song?" In the course he must answer: What makes selfof friendly conversation, the expres- sacrifice a duty? Let him base his sions "your people," "your country," answer on science, philosophy or anyetc., are especially significant to the thing. If America could help him ears of the sensible. All these ex- answer it to his own satisfaction, periences tend to augment the con- then his position will be a strong one sciousness of being a foreigner-a indeed. guest; and with that all the secret resolutions to "make good." N ow let us examine the other di- rection of the American influences In spite of all this fiery spirit of and discuss those changes experienced patriotism in the heart, the expres- by the Chinese students who were alsion of the Chinese students in Amer- ready Christians before they came to ica has always been of the cool, de- this country. liberative sort. American education and American atmosphere in general Missionaries in China usually do have the magic power to reduce the not like their Chinese pupil to come temperature of the hot-headed. To to study in America. It is not bemake a stump speech, to throw a cause they wish to keep them ignobomb, these are the favorite duties of rant as some might think. Partly it is the Japanese educated; but to open a because they need their assistance in mine, to till the Manchurian waste, China, and partly because they are these fit the temperament of the afraid that they might meet with bad American educated. We do not mean influences that are dangerous to their to discredit the one or the other. It religious ideas, or that they might be is in harmony with the theory of the led into temptation. In the opinion division of labor. of the Chinese students, this is a serious mistake. It can not be dis- A man not identified with a par- puted that those who return with an ticular creed is thus found identified American education will be far more with his national cause. Patriotism efficient in rendering service to China has become his religion, self-sacri- than those who have not had the fice his sacred duty. For all pur-

privilege. If this be true, those mis- strengthen the fundamental principles sionaries, with all their sincere good which he now retains. wishes for the welfare of China, could not consistently incorporate into In China a large part of the mis- the narrow limits of their mission in- sionary work is to teach people to stitutions that which promises to be of substitute the invisible God for their greater assistance to the nation-a idols, and to discuss the truth of the nation that has more urgent needs to one and the fallacy of the other. It look after than the need for preach- is to teach people to substitute faith ers and ministers. in future life for faith in ancestors, and to discuss the merits of the one That their pupils would change and the demerits of the other. This their religious ideas is a correct kind of teaching is undoubtedly very guess, but that the change would be fundamental and very important, es- of such a nature that it should be pecially for the ignorant class; and if guarded against is an entirely un- we were in the place of those misnecessary apprehension. When guid- sionaries, we might not be able to deed by knowledge, a change in one's vise any better method of procedure. religious ideas can not but be for the But what is psychologically suitable better. It is not a revolution; it is to one class may not be intelligible development, it is a process of puri- to another. The thinking people fication. It is a transition from a would naturally ask: What can be person with a vast mass of unsys- the obj ect of this series of substitutematic beliefs, piled on him without tions? As far as the beliefs are conbeing digested through his own in- sidered, are they not the same? To tellectual process, into a person with these questions the missionaries are a few guiding principles adopted by undoubtedly learned enough to give a himself after a long period of self- satisfactory answer, but unfortunateinquiry. The latter is usually more ly such queries and answers do not impregnable and more useful as a often take place. When those intellisource of inspiration to others. gent students come out to America, the home of those missionaries, they According to some of the Chris- do not find that kind of preaching tian Chinese students, the mission- any more. People do not pray and ary educated Christians, after a few worship as much as they are exyears' stay in this country, usually pected to do. An ordinary American become liberal in their religious views. strives for a living, and he usually But "liberal" is not the exact word can not afford much time in worshipto be used here, for liberalism and ing, praying, or even brooding over conservatism are not the important his religious views. Some may distinctions in religion. These usual- strive for political power, and when ly have reference to the quantity and they get it, they work for the benefit form, rather than the quality and spirit, of the United States. And so is of belief. A Chinese student, after hav- everybody doing something of some ing been in America for some time, practical use. Religion seems only a may discard certain beliefs which he sort of sub-conscious, guiding prinheld before, but he does so only to ciple. Then, they see charity organ-

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

ization, settlement houses, anti-tuber- ion has been differently regarded by culosis campaigns, child-labor or- persons who are equally great in ganizations and a thousand-and-one their character. Sociology teaches similar undertakings based upon the them, in the language of a Christian principles of modern scientific phil- Chinese student who has had the exanthropy. Everyone of these under- perience, "to see religion in its right takings has a definite, practical aim perspective." And so is this happy in view, viz.: the strife for the ma- expression applicable to all obserterial and moral advancement of the vations on American society. In people; and yet how little attention other words, their knowledge now enthey pay to worship and preaching, ables them to see more clearly the and still less do they argue for or real significance and the real function against any particular kind of belief of religion. or formality! The people connected with these undertakings, and people If we believe that they have seen throughout the American community, the real significance of religion, it is seem to be permeated with the same obvious that the change in their views spirit of earnestness and self-sacri- does not necessarily minimize the imfice, yet how much of this spirit portance of ministry work in China. seems, at least on the surface, to be I f missionary work is conducted in due to the characteristic fondness of accordance with the most up-to-date activity. conceptions of Christianity, it will be- come much more effident, especially All this observation constitutes one among the intelligent class of people. great lesson-the essence of the most up-to-date Christian work, of which Ve have discust the general trend they had only a partial understanding of the change in the religious underwhile they were in China. Now they standing of the Chinese students. It begin to see clearly that the chief does not mean that every Christian aim of a religious person is not mere- Chinese student undergoes that change ly to worship, to pray or to have in the same manner after he has been one's so11 redeemed, but it consists in this country for some time. in doing service for the community. The belief itself is a motive force, a Aside from religious influences, the guiding spirit, bnt can not be the sole effect of Americanism in general is aim of one's life. perceivable in every Chinese student. Manners and habits are but trival What they have thus learned from matters. Commercialism, for instance, observation is again confirmed by infests probably every foreigner who their studies. Economics teaches them comes to this country. College aththat the importance of the material letics and college activities have a'trewell-being of a people can not be mendously good influence upon those underestimated; that a banker, for in- who mingle freely with the American stance, is not necessarily a non-re- students. These are too obvious to ligious person, while a preacher is need further description. Social inalways exposed to the danger of be- tercourse with the better class of ing classified as unproductive labor. American people tends to cultivate Philosophy teaches them how relig- good-fellowship and appreciation of

high culture, tho much of the room learning. Fortunately, true to superficiality falls far short of ma- the law of frequency, these extreme king an impression. The American types are few in number. Judging vaudeville, however, is a serious hin- by the standard of usefulness to drance to the appreciation of higher China at the present stage, both these art, higher music and more refined categories are not very desirable. sense of humor. This affects the Americans, perhaps, just as much Evils exist in America just as they as the foreigners, but especially the exist everywhere in this world. But Chinese students, who usually can there are three conditions of suscepnot afford time to acquire artistic tibility to evil influences: education, learning in addition to scientific. environment and the consciousness of a rational aim. The university edu- Some Chinese students have a cation and university environment tendency to absorb everything, wheth- are probably the best obtainable anyer tasteful or distasteful; and after where, and, combined with these, ala few years they become complete- most every Chinese student is conly Americanized, except for their scious of a rational aim. If isolated physiognomy. Others tend to remain cases should be found of Chinese the same; and when they leave Amer- students tempted into evils, let us ica, their ideas are not changed, ex- assume that it is not the fault of cept with an additional store of c1ass- American influence, and therefore does 110t come under onr discussion.

SIAM AND HER NEW KING BY P. L. S. T.

NE of the slowest and government service, but the multitude to-day are largely in ignorance. mO rJ almost the last country Nevertheless, the unrest is here. The II:] of Asia to feel the im- people want information. They will pulses 0 f the W orld's get it somehow. If some officials hope unrest is Siam. Tem- to prevent the sun rising upon the ~ poran·1y secure m. the people of Siam they have a hard job entente cordiale between England and ahead of them. The days of silent France, she is following the lead of submission are rapidly passing. Anher Warrior Prince and making ready cient forms of injustice are now few for a struggle to come. A navy is in Siam. The late king swept away out of the question, but every able- most of them. But in what a narrow bodied man in the kingdom is to be sense are the people of Siam "free"! a soldier. Schools and other elemen- Sodden in superstition; enthralled by tary necessities to lift the common demon powers, real or imaginary; people and make them the peers of drugged by "civilized" atmosphere the people of surrounding nations; imported from "the outside country" ; these slow~working processes are ta- a people without an industry; patriotking second place-or third place. ism literally trodden out by centuries Siam has been educating men for

PRESENT KING OF

On Death of Father, Chula long Korn, October 23, 1910. Educated in England.

Thirty-one years old last January.

of official oppression; loyalty among ~t'e may apply our hearts unto uris- the people, not a sign of it; honor, dom."

not in the colloquial; courage, possible The second year of the present of cultivation; obedience, servile or king's reign is well under way. He blind, or child-like "follow your was successfully crowned in the pres- leader" ; mutual distrust universal ence of Prince Alexander of Teck, among all classes. What an enormous Prince Waldemar, Prince Fushimi, job the young king has before him! Colonel Febiger, U. S. A., et al. About No wonder he takes himself seriously. three weeks previous, at the close of The pathos of his appeals to the Tai the year's mourning for the late king, traditions of the past would wring the sun graciously allowed himself to blood out of a stone. be partially eclipsed by the moon- Without question the Tai race has considered a most "lucky sign."

back of it a record for manly quali- The coronation ritual was purely ties that demands recognition, and Oriental, Brahmanical, Buddhistical the germ of genuine manhood prob- and most mystical. But King Vaji- ably lies here dormant, notwithstand- ravudh had been educated in England.

ing the effect of the dark ages from Therefore the wise prophets easily a which the race is only now emerging. foretold an event in Bangkok Those who have lived among the peo- l'Anglaise. Thousands of modern ple for many years can see the traces troops, the presence of eight foreign of the ancient Tai ancestry, and can princes and two foreign princesses, see great possibilities before the race. representatives from every first and But the problem demands more than second-class power, shiploads of mod- an unselfish patriotic king. It de- ern European motor cars, furniture, mands more than a handful of honest machinery, electric illuminations, and princes and a few wise noblemen. It what not-how orientally unoriental!

demands more than a sprinkling of Read now a few clauses from what educated, faithful and efficient gov- may be called The King's Coronation ernment servants. Speech: "Deeply moved, we assure The common remark, that you can you that we are fully conscious that not make an honest official of a Sia- a great trust has been confided to us, mese, is not only unfair, but it is un- namely, the common weal and inde- true. Among these officials and among pendence of our nation. We our- the army officers are many noble men, selves, conscious of our position as some of whom awaken genuine af- the inheriter of this high national fection as well as admiration. During trust, are firmly resolved to maintain late years there has been a marked it." "Love, loyalty, justice, growth in official honesty and hard equity . . . and not the least of all.

work, as well as efficiency. Some the preservation of national unity and have been developed from the com- cultivation of mutual friendship– mon people. The one great need to- these qnalities form the strongest day.is the recognition of actual con- foundation on which our national ex- ditions and the determination to find istence will rest, and not belie its name the remedy and apply it at all costs. as the nation of the free." "Help "So teach us to Humber ollr days, that to show the world that our

AND HER NEW

noble Tai nation is not dead yet, but and Religion. His Majesty also has organized the Boy Scouts of Siam. enjoys and will continue to enjoy, an In season and out of season, and with practical proofs of his own unselfishexistence proud, virile and progres- ness, he is continually seeking means of cultivating patriotism in a people sive." "In the pursuit of this sacred unconscious of what patriotism means.

duty we shall not spare King Maha Vajiravudh, so unique in morals, so patriotic in motive, so ourselves. Our own per- modern and wise in speech, is never- theless most conservative, if not resonal comfort shall count for naught. actionary, in some things. He is put- ting forth prodigious efforts to revive We know too well that should calam- Buddhism as "Our Holy Religion." He well knows that the past chaotic ity befall our national existence, the mixture of Buddhism for show and demonolatry for practise, and the personal independence of everyone of present fad for lazy, civilized agnos- ticism, are destructive of all moral and us will be involved in the common spiritual growth. The King's tastes are literary. They have been so ever ruin." "Ve must rely upon the mu- since his days in Oxford. He is dramatic by instinct. He is a mystic of tual help and accord of the Tai people; mystics. The unfathomable aggrega- tions of Brahman and Buddhistic and therefore it behooves everyone to philosophies provide sources of enjoy- ment for this serious ruler. For devote his earn.est attention to the years in Europe, he was a silent wit- ness to the unlovely inconsistencies duties allotted to him. Those in ad- of "Christians" of innumerable sects. Half of his country was forcibly anml11lstrative authority should dis- nexed by a so-called Christian Govern- ment while he was studying under charge their functions in a just· and Christian tutors in England. If he is now searching in Buddhism the secret honorable manner. Mutual consider- that can not be found therein, what wonder? ation should be shown, and self-in- Oh ye subjects of the King of Kings dulgence set aside." "Let no person in far-off America, who so half- heartedly have sent and supported of the Tai race forget these high prin- missionaries to Siam-what responsi- bilities are yours! The depth of your ciples." Christianity, the worthiness of it is be- ing sounded to-day in Siam. THE With quiet, stern-even obstinate- MEASURE OF SIAM'S NEED IS THE MEASdetermination this new King has URE OF YOUR OPPORTUNITY. treated with apparent scorn customs considered inseparable from a Sia- mese king. Officially, no one speaks of these wide-sweeping, radical changes "in the palace." One"farang" (for- eigner) unkindly suggested the pos- sible return of an ancient demon with forty other demons also, etc. But foreigners can ill afford to joke at the expense of a Siamese king who has suddenly pulled to Siam's topmast a moral standard, and in unmistakable terms has indicated that, in some mat- ters at least, even a king may have a will of his own.

In loyal obedience to this mysterious king, thousands of officials-big and little-throughout the kingdom have joined a volunteer military organiza- tion, called "The Wild Tiger Corps,"

swearing allegiance to King, country

FACING THE CHINESE

BY REV. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D., SHANGHAI I C)HINA has at last defi- tions there are, but we in the "YVest rJ nitely broken with the sometimes envy them for points in ~ past. She has refused which we appear to be deficient. to be throttled any longer by the dead 2. The problem of a stifficient popu- hand of tradition. The lation. Some Westetn nations are heading for race suicide. Kipling commentators have been dethroned. said, "There are three nations that She, therefore, faces a future about can work, but only one (Chinese) which the only certainty is that it is that can swarm." :Moreover, without big with difficulties. She needs the any knowledge of modern medicine help of Christian nations now more and hygiene, they are a hardy people than ever. She indeed faces the and physically the fittest on the globe. problems before her hopefully, and Their people are, therefore, a national there is reason for this optimism. She success. has lived a long time, and gained some experience. She has fought her 3. The problem of unemployment way through many difficulties before, and support of her people. China and her success in the past is heart- has learned well in the school of ening in reference to the years and struggle that "if a man does not trials that are to come. work, neither shall he eat." True, parasites have waxed numerous in We have been accustomed to think late years, but the percentage is small that China was largely a failure, a compared with the millions who work sort of derelict, which ought to be and live. Her land system is free taken in hand and governed bv acolll- from the evils of landlordism, for mission of alien experts. This was the great mass of her people are the solemn proposal of an American small holders of freehold land. To divine on the eve of the revolution. this system is doubtless partly due But China's recent state was due not her success in feeding her myriads, to inherent incapacity, but to con- famines to the contrary. servatism and misgovernment. Tho brought so low by circumstances, she 4. The problem of making her has had a glorious past. Let us briefly people satisfied with their lot. They indicate seven problems of her past know how to be full and how to be in which she had a very large meas- hungry. Fatalism and stoicism does ure of success, until misrule, and an not wholly explain this contentment. excessive population made success im- Exactly how the problem was solved possible along the old lines. She we may not be able to tell, but the solved: 1. The problem of family fact remains. "Tribulation worketh life. In no country is there more patience." solidarity of the family than in China. It was not in vain that the Sages and S. The problem of creating respect Confucius and Mencius after them for law. Without this the task of made filial piety the cornerstone of government is very difficult, if not their society. Defects and exaggera- impossible. This Chinese instinct will be a valuable asset in the new Re- public. Men fa:miliar with other Oriental peoples on learning of this trait scribed. If we ponder them well, of the Chinese have exclaimed with our prayers in her behalf will become surprize: How do they manage to more fervent and intelligent. keep the people from constantly flying at each other's throats? The 01inese 1. Clean collection of the taxes. Sir respect law, even if it be a bad one. Robert Hart drew up a masterly state paper on this subject, which will doubt- 6. The problem of securing men of less be helpful now. He showed how ability for the offices of the govern- six times more revenue could be dement. In other countries office is too rived simply from the land taxes withoften the spoil of the partizan or the out adding a penny to the rate. Many political wire-puller. In China the of China's difficulties are due to lack scholar alone was eligible. In the of revenue. The solution of this ~West the scholar usually declines the problem is the key to other probburden. Not so in China. As Plato lems. But how can it be solved withheld, philosophers ruled. Favoritism out an army of conscientious men? and graft were the exception till the Christians believe that such grow Manchus. only on their Tree of Life. .

7. The problem of religious peace. 2. Men for the new times. Men The religions have had their wars and of education, even of the latest Westpersecutions in the past, but for cen- ern type, will come in time from the turies there has been mutual tolera- new schools, but she needs men of tion. Contrast with this the state of incorruptible integrity and pure pub- India, where Moslems fight with Hin- lic spirit. Otherwise the remark of dus, and must be kept in order by the her own son, Su Chin, in olden days, British raj. China has 30,000,000 will apply: "I have only changed my Moslems who usually are quiet and clothes, the man is still the same." orderly citizens. 3. The problem of popular educa- Ve may differ as to the amount tion. In the past education was only of China's past success in solving for the well-to-do. The republic dethese problems, and also as to the sires universal education, which is methods she employed. But she was costly. Yet, it is indispensable if the acting according to her lights at that vote is given to the masses, who will time, and she simply did what she not forever remain without it. "We could, until the light of the 'Vest must educate our masters," said the should shine unto her. Of this later English aristocrat in I87I, when inand fulier knowledge the new Re- troducing a new popular education public will have the benefit. bill. So will it be in China. History repeats itself. Even with her own small strength, China accomplished much in the past. 4. The problem of a strong central We are therefore hopeful that by government and self-governing prov- Christian help she will solve the pres- inces. "Home rule all round" is as ent-day problems before her. These live a question in O1ina as in Britain. are indeed more complex than ever, China wants a federal system which but China will be stronger than of at once combines central strength old to tackle and solve them. Twelve and local freedom of action. The of these problems maybe briefly de- new federal constitution contains 70

sections, and each province has yet 7. She must build railways, if pos~ to draw up its State constitution. sible, without giving the powers a Work enough here for a generation lien on them through loans. Her to come. The example of the United whole railway policy must be placed States shows how complicated this on a sOllnd basis not only for the namachinery becomes and how often tional benefit, but for the national friction arises and the supreme court self-respect. Good common roads for must decide. But China's supreme a continent-they are a crying need, court must also be created. The and would do more for the people problem thickens the longer you con- than even railways. And, all these sider it. things must not only be called into being, but also kept up. Obviously 5. An entirely neW judicial system money can be borrowed, but honesty must be created. The MacKay treaty must be home-grown. of 1902 calls for this reform. The new system must be in accord with 8. The currency must be reformed. that of Western nations. Not only Chaos must give way to order. Deso, the arrangements for its ad- based cash, inflated banknote issues ministration must satisfy Great without adequate reserves and false Britain. Then, and not till then, she weights must be replaced by sound will consider the abolition of extra- and honest finance. The reform of territoriality. A, judicial system in- weights and measures is a sine qua cludes laws, judges, lawyers, juries, non. "Honesty is a business asset." witnesses, police and prisons. The The Chinese discovered that before creation of all these according to the Elbert Hubbard, but like the quality new model is a herculean task. of mercy, it must drop from above upon the place beneath. 6. The problem of securing autonomy from foreign powers and re- 9. The vagrant rivers and the rotcovering her sovereign rights. China ten embankments must 'be taken in is in bondage to other nations in the hand and scientifically dealt with. matter of her customs. Not only The famines due to destructive floods must the army of foreign customs are largely preventable. Hand in officials be gradually replaced by Chi- hand must go afforestation on a colosnese, but China must win back the sal scale, in order to conserve the right to increase her tariff on im- rainfall. River conservancy will call ports and exports. Many of her rev- for honesty, for millions of money, enues and properties are pledged to and for the highest engineering skill. foreign bond holders, while the Boxer Indemnity will be an incubus for an- ro. The mineral riches of the counother generation. Nearly every avail- try must be discovered, mapped out able naval base is now leased to for- and properly utilized, enriching hOt eign nations. Russia and Japan have foreign stockholders, not a few coal inserted wedges of steel, which must barons, but China's own people. Here be extracted. China must escape from will be one of the chief factors in a bewildering network of entangling solving her problem of poverty. But obligations, before she can be really it will require altruism as well as pafree. triotism, self-denial as well as eco- nomic science.

FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR

II. Four million Manchu parasites We do not know, but this we do afmust be transformed into honest, firm, that without One Lord and one hard-working citizens. Their pen- faith, without that Spirit who is the sions must be gradually amortized. Bond of Peace, there can only be an Trades and occupations must be found unquiet and partial unity. for them. They must be absorbed into the body politic, and become part And these are only a few of the of its strength, instead of fattening problems of New China. Evidently upon its marrow. How can they (as work lies ahead which is hard enough well as the Chinese), be converted to appall the stoutest heart. The one into good citizens? need that embraces all other needs- is men. Young China fondly dreams 12. In fine, they and all the other of a new heaven and a new earth. elements of the nation, must be welded Whence is it to come? The saving into a harmonious' unity, knowing salt of the new China is assuredly nothing of East and West, North and not in political alchemy, but in moral South, animated with one pure transformation. China as a nation is love of country. The flag which is struggling to be free. Her appeal now floating over the offices of is more pathetic and more soul-stirthe republic is five bars, red, yellow, ring than ever. "Come over and help blue, white, black-each color is us" now sounds through a megathought to represent the one great phone, the cry of her mil1ions. Shall section of the nation-henceforth in we not gather that so the Lord is hope at least to be one. Can it be calling- us to preach the Gospel to her clone? If not, will China break up? with tenfold faith and enterprise?

HOPE FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR EAST HE Mission to Lepers island of Culion. For the time befJT in India and the East ing, however, there are some 400 in- , is extending its work mates still remaining in the Manila Hospital. to all those of Asia. "A young, highly educated mestizo The deepening of the (father Spanish, mother Filipeno) was an inmate in 1901. On account Christian consciousness of his intelligence and ability he was given a position under the foreign both in Europe and America, and superintendent (at that time the writ- er), and I learned to love and greatly in the hearts of missionaries on the respect J. G. He was so superior to field, has led to the widening of the nearly all the other inmates that I beneficent operations of the mission. once said to him: 'Senor J., how very lonely you must often feel in these The needs of the lepers of the surroundings! Let me always know if there is anything I can do for you Philippines have led the society. to be- to make it a little easier for you.'

gin work for the lepers incarcerated in the San Lazar Hospital at Manila.

Leprosy is prevalent in the islands generally, and in the interests of pub- lic health the authorities are gradual- ly segregating them in the small

'Oh, senor, he replied, 'I thank you traonlinary spread of Christianity in heartily for your sympathy; indeed, Korea that the lepers of that country my lot is hard, yet I have the joy of should be included in its beneficent knowing that none of my family are sweep. An asylum has been opened stricken but I myself. If my little for these outcasts at Fusan and will be brothers and sisters were as I, it under the supervision of Dr. Irvin, would break my heart.' A week or of the American Presbyterian Board. so after, when I went into the receiving-room to meet the new patients Hope is dawning also for the lepers the ambulance had just brought, I of Siam, and here again through the found among them a beautiful young cooperation of the :Mission to Lepers girl of twelve (mestizo) and her two with a medical missionary of the brothers, as fair of skin as our race, American Presbyterian Church. Dr. one little brother being fourteen, the McKean, of Chieng-Mai, has applied other only six years of age. Senor J., to the mission for help toward an acting as my secretary, was writing asylum for the many lepers of his down their names in our register, and district. The attitude of the Siamese had not looked up till he heard their people is reflected in the words of a names, 'G–! Oh, my God! my high official when approached by the little brothers and sister; my heart is missionary on behalf of these sufferbreaking!' He fainted away, and ers: "011, the}' are all dead people; was never able to rise from his bed the}' arc nothing to me." But it is from that day; he died within three hoped that this gentleman and others weeks." who share his views will learn be- fore long that Christianity regards Surely people in such a case as this even the diseased leper as a man to have an irresistible claim on Christian be helped, and a soul to be redeemed. sympathy, and it is encouraging to know that during the last three or A first grant has just been made four years, since evangelical teaching by the Committee of the Leper Miswas introduced into the hospital, about sion, and doubtless ere long there ISO have, it is believed, genuinely ac- will be a place of refuge for these cepted Christ. outcasts. Conditions are favorable with regard to a grant of land; in- In Korea, as everywhere through- deed, the authorities have unexpectedout the world, the leper is regarded ly and promptly given help with reas an unclean creature, to be despised gard to the transfer to the mission of and driven away from the haunts of an island admirably adapted to the men. Here, we are told, in cold purpose.':' weather they crawl into the flues which run under the houses, and are * The society needs special gifts to the amount often frightfully burned, and the ac- of about $GOO for this purpose. Owing to the cumulation of soot does not add either famine in India, which affects the lepers more to their health, their comfort, or their than any other class, the society's funds are appearance. They are clad in rags, heavily taxed to provide food for the 4,000 lepers and are truly outcasts, despised and and children daily depel1dent upon its help. It is shunned by all. only by special gifts for the purpose, therefore. that extensions such as those in Korea and Siam It is in keeping with the ex- can be carried out. The treasurer of the Mission to Lepers for U. S. A. is l<"'leming H. Revell, Esq., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The chairmal1 of the committee is William SchieffelinJ Esq.

GIVING *

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.O. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City ~"J ESUS sat down over ment, to remember that our audience rJ against the treasury, is the living Christ, and that our least ~ and beheld how the endeavors are witnessed by "Him who multitude cast money sitteth upon the throne." into the treasury." They were all uncon- As the revelation of the unobserved scious of the Observer. Observer invests life with a rare sol- enmity and dignity, so it also fills it They came in the morning, and they with a passionate intensity. Barrie knew not that the Lord of the morn- says that the remembrance of Stevening was interested in all their doings. son acted upon him like a literary con- They came up to the Temple in many science, condemning all clumsy and moods; seriously, flippantly, in pride, careless work, and girding the loins in humility, with the mesmeric influ- of his mind and soul to pursue the last ence of the world upon them, or pos-' line and hue of the most radiant ideal. sest by the solemn, awful hush of So must it be when we are conscious the Eternal; a motley crowd, none of that we work under the observation them realizing that the eyes of the of the King, under "the great Task- Stranger were the seat of judgment, master's eye," whose heart craves for and that the hidden secrets of the soul the gift of finished work; we shall were trooping out in the clear light surely be intense in our labor, and we of the eternal day. shall do it with all our heart, and mind, and soul, and strength. Still He sits "over against the treasury," still do those vigilant, all-seeing The Judgment of Christ eyes follow the worshiper to the Temple, visit the merchant on the ex- Let me turn to the judgment of the change, peer into the office, and gaze unobserved Observer as recorded in around the home. It is a deepening these experiences at the treasury. He and a fertilizing fact when we can sat down over against the treasury pierce the thin veil and discern the and watched the worshipers as they s<.,cred Presence. It is a staggering brought their contributions to the supmoment when the soul awakes to the port of the Temple and the care of immanent presence of God. First of the poor. It will not be difficult to a1l, it invests life with a strange imagine some of the crowd who passed solemnity. Life is no longer an un- before the Savior's eyes. Human watched vagrancy. It can no longer nature was the same then as now. be furtive. We are under observation. Fashions of thought are ever chang- Nothing can be done in a corner. The ing, essential life remains the same. inch becomes allied to the infinite, the The fickle seasons alter the colors of private byway becomes the highway of the landscape; its general contours the Lord. This consciousness will fill abide. Take the crowd that goes to the common seasons of life with a church to-day, and with slightly difstrange solemnity. fering modes you have the crowd that went up to the Temple in the days of In the second place, this sense of the our Lord. Look upon two of the mysterious and interested Observer in- types. vests life with a majestic dignity. The audience can make or mar the artistic; Here comes Dives. He is somewhat the spectators make great achievement haughty and supercilious, "clothed in possible. What space and glory it purple and fine linen," and most evigives to the science and art of living, dently "faring sumptuously every to individual purpose and achieve- day." If we are walking in the crowd *" Condensed from lvIen and Missions. The complete article may be obtained in pamphlet form from The Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1 Madison Avenue, New York.

and are anywhere near him, we may First: Mere living becomes real life overhear snatches of most familiar speech. "Trade very bad!" "Taxes when it becomes sacrificial. So long heavy!" "Innumerable calls!" "Terrible losses!" "Don't know what the as we remain among the superfluities country is coming to!" "Have to retrench and reduce all around!" But if we are in the shadowy realm of exwe could hear a deeper speech, even the speech of the heart, we might hear istence, and we have not yet begun to a different story. At any rate, superstition is not quite dead, and Dives live. Christ does not begin His regards the treasury as in some way a custodian of his own wealth; a little reckoning, we do not come within the charity is a good investment, it may conciliate good fortune, and hedge him range of the heavenly standards, until about with hallowed serenity. So he drops his loud-sounding gift into the all superfluities have been peeled and coffers; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on. stript away. The things that we can But here comes a widow, known by spare carry no blood. The things that her garb of sorrow; a "poor widow," as is evidenced by her faded dress and we can ill spare carry part of ourwasted face. Her eyes are fixt upon the ground, or when she lifts them selves, and are alive. "He that spared they have that far-away look which sorrow so often brings. Perhaps as not his own Son," the One he could she goes she is repeating to herself some of the psalms of the sanctuary. not spare, gave Himself with the gift, Perhaps we might overhear her saying this: "It was too painful for me. until and in the wealth of the sacrifice our I went into the sanctuary!" She carries something in her hand, "even all redemption was born. her living," and she quietly, almost stealthily, but gratefully, drops it into Here is a man who can spare five the treasury; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on! "And He called dollars for the foreign field. He has unto him his disciples, and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, This no hesitation about the offering. Nay, poor widow cast in more than all they that are casting into the treasury: for he can even relegate the matter to a they all did cast in of their snperfluity, but she of her want did cast in all that clerk, and on the recurring days the she had, even all her living." There the woman stands, with her two mites amount is paid with the regularity of in her hand, and the generations come and go, but her figure and her sacrifice the sunrise. It occasions him little or will never fade away. She gave "two mites which make a farthing," and no thought. He is dealing with supershe achieved unconscious immortality. fluities, with the mere selvage of the The Principles of Christ web, and the forceful riches of life Let us leave the external fashion of the narrative, and grip the principles remain untouched. But he has has that abide, the principles on which the Master shapes eternal judgment. one son, the pride. of his heart, the hupe of his life. One day a strange fire is kindled in the lad's heart, and a strange light comes into his eyes, and the lad knows himself to be called of God to the foreign field. "Father, I want to be a missionary!" The light fades out of the father's sky and the hopes of a life tumble down like tem- ples built in dreams! "I want to go away!" "Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest and offer him for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." That is the experience which shatters. That is where existence ripens into life. The five dollars were given, and nothing with them. The· lad was given, and a life went with him; and there were blood-marks all along the way. It is the things we can't spare which make our offerings alive.

You hear a call to service. An appeal is made for workers among the children of disadvantage and want.

You say you have no time to spare.

12] SACRIFICIAL GIVING 37

Perhaps if you had much time to spare There is money and money. We are the Master could not use it. I mean are told that "a pound's a pound who- that if you had superfluities you might ever gives it," whether Dives, who is treat them as superfluities, and they burdened with abundance, or a widow, would be impotent for service. "I can who is surrendering her aIL" "A easily spare half an hour! I shall be pound's a pound whoever gives it!"

delighted to offer that!" No, it's the 1 have come to regard such speech a.s half hour we can't easily spare for the most perilous and deadly nonsense.

which our Master is hungry. You A pound may be a pound, whoever say you have been "teaching all the gives it, if you are only going to build week," and it would be "hard lines" to a stable; but a pound may greatly dif- teach again on Sunday! Just because fer from another pound if you are it would be "hard lines," and just be- going to build the city of God. In cause it would cost you something, and these realms material gifts become just because the offering would be shrines, and they may be full or empty blood-money, it would tell tremen- of mystic spiritual power. I have dously in the treasury of the Lord. It come to believe that, if a spiritual is when you get home from your work presence can tenant a material body, at night, and there's a cheery fire in it is not incredible that a spiritual the grate, and the promise of slip- influence can accompany a material pered ease, and inviting music is at gift. In these realms the character of hand, or an alluring book is at your the giver determines the. momentum elbow; and you feel the grip and the of his gift. If there be a sacrifice in fascination of it all; and then you the giver there will be spiritual power hear the cry of human need, like a in the gift All our offerings….:…of moaning wind down a dreary street; strength, or time, or money~have and you rise, tired tho you are with their virtue conditioned by the sacri~ honest work, and you put on your fice which gave them birth. There· coat again, and you go out into the fore, by this reasoning, the poor widow cheerless night, and to a stilI more may give more than Dives; the lesser cheerless slum, to take Christ and gift may be more effective than the cheer to the victim of night-it is then greater. Every pound is not lIke every you begin to live and to raise others other pound, nor do similar words al- from the dead. It is the hour cut ways carry the same force, 'nor do two out of the vital day; it is that piece half-hours denote the same signifi- of time cut right out of your warm, cance. "God is a God of knowledge, sweet home-life and given to the poor and by Him actions are weighed" ; and that will be the season of miracles, similar things carry different poten- for "if a grain of wheat fall into the tialities, for it is in proportion to sac- earth and die it bringeth forth much rifice that our Jeeds become effective.

fruit." You can spare fifty cents! It This sacrificial life is born, not of is the money you can't spare which caprice, but of abiding principle. The bears the hall-mark of Calvery and lack of principle makes any life a thing is the minister of redemptive life. It of tags and ends, of shreds and is when our giving, whether of patches; it is consistent principle money, or strength, or time, touches which makes life a vesture without the quick that it becomes vital, and seam. That is true of the entire circle, existence passes into life, and we share of human relationships. No sovereign the travail of our Lord and Savior principle, no steady stream of service!

Tesus Christ. ' So it is in the more inward realms . Now I may more clearly enunciate of offering and service in the King- the first principle, viz" that it is sac- dom of our Lord. If there be no rifice that changes living into life, and abiding principle life will be charac- say that it is sacrifice that makes all terized by moral spasms, by feverish deeds effective. eruption, by arbitrariness and caprice;

there will be no uniform glow, no to flow; "that I may know Him consistent sacrifice. The abiding principle may be devotion to a sentiment, . and the fellowship of his or devotion to an ideal, or devotion to a moral crusade, or devotion to a great suffering !" and commanding personality. Everybody knows, for it is the sublime com- This is the assured and certain order. monplace of Christian teaching, that in the realm of the Kingdom the abi- It is devotion to the Christ that opens ding principle is love and devotion to out the central depths and channels the Lord Jesus Christ. It is in loyalty to Him, in affection for Him, that we of the life, and springs of vitality are find the source of Christian liberality and sacrifice. "We love, because He unloosened in strong and ceaseless first loved us." When we begin to know Him the river of sacrifice begins service. Such is the order proclaimed by Paul, and such the order pro- claimed by Peter and John. "Par- takers of the divine nature," that is the beginning; "partakers of the suf- ferings of Christ," that is the se- quence; "partakers of glory," that is the inconceivable end.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA * THE DEMAND FOR AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSION PLAN I*.AJ. -MOVEMENT has been The new era in China is develop- ing such changes in conditions tI1ere started in behalf of that no longer will the foreigner be looked upon as an enemy. Foreign uniting Christian mis- ways are rapidly becoming the ways of China. China will demand an sionary forces in China. adequate system of education discon- nected with her traditional history. The plan was presen ted The Chinese wilI soon recognize that they have no religion adequate to at a conference of rep- meet the requirements of a great na- tion. No longer will Christianity be resentatives of the for- despised. Intelligent Chinese will seek Christian books and periodicals eign missionary board of North Amer- for answers to questions that crowd upon them regarding education, morica, held in New York, January 29, als and religion. There will be a persistent demand for Christian misto consider the present situation in sionaries and the institutions for which they stand. "We may expect China. Dr. James L. Barton deliv- that effort will be made to give Chris- tianity some official standing in the ered an address, in which he re- country. Christian forces must be organized to meet such propositions viewed Chinese conditions and pro- and prevent action that wiII na- tionalize its name and form while posed united action by the missionary crushing out its spirit and life."

forces of alI Protestant denominations The Status of Chinese Missions operating in China. Dr. Barton's "Few in touch with the missionary forces to-day in different parts of plan was referred to the Committee China wiIl deny that there is ample ground for the conclusion that misof Reference and Counsel. This com- mittee is expected to report to the various mission boards which it rep- resents, and the prospect is favorable for indorsement and united action as soon as proper consideration can be given to the matter. The success of the plan lies with five denominations controlling a large majority of the Protestant missions in China, the Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and Presbyterian. If the plan of union is adopted, Dr. Barton says that "the final outcome would probably be one Protestant Church for all China."

* From The Congregationalisl.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA

sion work in that country is rapidly . 2 to I9 missionaries, including wives approaching a period more revolu- and single women, they together hav- tionary in character than that through ing a total of but 47 ordained mis- which Japan passed between the years sionaries, or 177, including ordained 1870 and 1880, and vastly more criti- men, wives and single women-an cal because of the size and strength average for all China of less than II of the country involved. Christen- each. This leaves the larger and dom and its missionary societies should more influential American Missionary have learned much from its experi- societies working in China only 17, ences in Japan a generation ago. Of with a total missionary force inclu- this we may be sure, revolution in ding wives and single women, of China is rolling that vast empire out I ,549, of whom 460 .are ordained; from its conservative and secluded this is 80 per cent. of the entire past into the light of the twentieth American missionary forces in China century, and with twentieth-century and 89 per cent. of the ordained men.

methods must the Church meet these "It is an interesting fact that back conditions. of these I7 societies there stand pri- "Let me consider a few salient marily only five leading communions, facts regarding the Protestant forces here named in the order of their now operating in China and available strength: Presbyterian, Methodist, to meet the demands of the immediate Baptist, Episcopalian, Congregational.

future, and back of which stand the These five communions control I AOI strength of the Protestant Church. of the I,8I2 American missionaries It is impossible for us here to review in China and 4I3 of the 5I7 ordained the work of our Roman Catholic men. In other words, these five com- brethren, with whom we have not yet munions have about 78 per cent. of been able to find much common the American missionary forces work- ground for fraternal cooperation. ing in China. At the same time it Their lines of work differ widely should be borne in mind that of the from our own. At present, at least, remaining 22 per cent. about 2 per we must agree to work separately, cent. are connected with interdenom- altho, not necessarily. as competitors. inational societies, and of the remain- "The World's Atlas of Christian ing 20 per cent. some are already Missions reports that there are 41 working in close cooperation with American and Canadian Protestant the boar?s representing these leading societies carrying on Christian work commU!1lons.

in China, 18 British and 14 Continen- "If we analyze the personnel of the tal societies, making a total of 73 eighteen British Protestant societies separate and distinct missionary so- we find that practically the same con- cieties. For the present we wiII con- ditions prevail, with the exception sider only the American boards. that the five communions already "Of the 4I societies named, 7 are in- named control 925 of the entire Brit- terdenominational, namely, the Amer- ish missionary force in China num- ican Bible Society, the Young Men's bering 1,065, and 268 out of 278 or- Christian Association, Young Wom- dained men. The two Bible societies, en's Christian Association, Canton entirely interdenominational, direct 37 Christian College, University Medical of the remaining 140 missionaries, Mission, Woman's Union Missionary leaving only about I I per cent. of the Society of America and the Yale .British missionary body in China not Foreign Missionary Society. This under control of the five leading- com- leaves 34 societies that are either de- munions already named, some of nominational or that partake of that whom are now in close and friendly character. cooperation.

"Of these 34 remaining societies, "To return to the consideration of 17 have each in the field only from the American societies working in

China, we find that any new and ef~ We believe in the Chinese Church, self- controlled, self-supported and self-profective plans for cooperation to meet pagating, to become independent of for- eign domination, itself the leader in the new conditions in China must be organizing and directing agencies of its own crefltion under God for the Chrisbrought about by the societies repre- tianization of the empire.

senting the various branches in Amer- We believe that the modern education of the Chinese as a whole must be acica of the Presbyterian. Methodist, complished at the expense of the Chinese themselves; at the same time we ate Baptist, Episcopal and Congregational agreed that as a means of implanting communions. They hold the key to Christian truths and ideals in the minds and hearts of the youth during the the situation here, as also they do in formative period of their lives there is Great Britain. no agency more potent and permanent than the Christian teacher. We are It is in order to ask at this point therefore agreed that it is a legitimate part of missionary work to prepare for how much and how little these com- this service selected Chinese students for both missionary and government schools. munions at the present time have in As a natural development from this common in their policy and method common belief, Dr. Barton presented a definite plan for united action which may of propagating Christianity among be summarized in the following pro- posals: the Chinese. Let us here suggest a The Plan in Outline few of the fundamentals which, it 1. Union in Chltrch Conferences. The seems to me, we unitedly and habit- union in conference and association, or whatever name may be used, of Chinese ually adv!)cate and practise. These churches of all communions as a single body bearing no denominational name. should constitute a common starting 2. Publication. Union of all compoint for more active cooperation.':: munions in the preparation and publica- tion of new literature now demanded. Belief in Common ,3. Union in Theological, Collegia,te and We believe God is the father of the Medical Education. Complete ul1Ion of Chinese as well as of the European, and work already auspiciously begun in that because of His great love for the places in which theological, collegiate world, including Chinese, He sent His Son and medical education are going on unto earth. der auspices wholly interdenominational.

We believe every Chinese is in need 4. Union N or11lal Traininf! Schools. In of the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ each of the principal provinces of China as revealed in His gospel and proclaimed a thoroughly equipped and manned by the apostles. Christian normal training school.

We believe the Old and New Testa- 5. Union Annual Meetings. Missionment contains the supreme revelation of aries and native Christians working in God to men, and that it should be uni- common areas, organize annual or more 'versally preached and distributed in frequent meetings at which policies printed form in the vernacular of China. would be considered, plans devised, esti- mates passed on and executive and other We believe in the power of the gospel committees created. lived and practised by godly men and women and orally proclaimed in the lan- 6. Boord of Strategy. Practical plans guage of the people to transform indi- devised for complete survey of the needs vidual lives to regenerate society and of China as relates to reenforcements, to provide' a safe foundation for the occupancy and special needs and departstate. ments.

vVe believe in the preparation and dis- "A measure of union has been acsemination of a Christian literature in languages understood by the Chinese complished already in some of the an'd prepared to meet the needs of the Chinese mind. lines suggested. It is now proposed We believe in the value and potency to render more complete and effective of the medical missionary for the demonstration of Christianity ;;md for the relief such efforts. The key to the situation of physical suffering. rests with the proposed board of We believe in the necessity of providing a Christian education in all grades strategy, to whom would be comand for both sexes, from kindergarten to the normal school, the college and the mitted the task of working out the theological seminary or training school, for implanting Christian principles in the minds of the young, for raising up Christian leaders in all trades and professions, and for creating for the Church of Christ in China an adequate and efficient Christian leadership.

EDEA-SAKBA YEME

practical details. Of this Dr. Barton pushing every form of missionary said: operations in China. Such a board would keep the societies and churches "There ought to be some practical at home informed, would have great plan devised by which we may have influence in the general direction of laid before us in due time a complete the work on the field, and would survey of the needs of China as re- finally become the central united body lates to reenforcements, occupancy, through which each missionary board and the needs of special depart- could bring all of its resources to ments. This might be brought about bear upon the work in every departby the creation of a board of strategy, ment. It might also become an agency or whatever it may be called, com- for the use of individual and indeposed of representatives of the mis- pendent gifts. The possibilities of sionary societies working in that coun- what might be accomplished in China try, whose duty it should be to se- through such a board properly concure facts and make plans for Prot- stituted can hardly be predicted." estant Christendom to act upon in EDEA-SAKBAYEME * THE WORK OF THE BASEL MISSION IN THE SOUTHERN CAMEROONS TRANSLATED AND CONDENSED BY B. HITCHER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

WENTY_FIVE years point of combat between the Sudan negroes and the Fang tribes pushing mT ago the Basel Mission forward from the south and southeast, began its work in the a mixture of various tribes is found newly acquired German here, scattered throughout the wooded territory of the Came- uplands and primeval forests. Every roons, and after the ini- village has its hereditary chief, whose tial difficulties, which power is absolute, except when the were very trying, had been over- fetish priest has cunningly succeeded come, a decade of such rapid de- in obtaining a share of it. Ordeals, velopment was experienced as to tax along with other revolting practises, the resources of the society to the prevail, and the lives of these peoples uttermost. Accordingly, the Home are dominated by superstitious fears, Board withheld their sanction from especially with regard to the spirits further extensions and directed their of their ancestors. An indis'pensable reenergies to the consolidation of their quirement at funeral ceremonies is the work in the parts already occupied. sacrifice of a goat, without which the But in course of time the force of cir- departed can not obtain entrance into cumstances, combined with the eager the realm of death. attitude of the inland tribes on the one hand, a Roman propaganda on Owing to the proximity of the sea the other, required farther advance and the numerous river-courses the into the Hinterland. climate is damp, and during the month of October a thick fog generally The new forward movement began covers the land. As a rule, July is from the station of Edea, on the Sa- the coldest and February the warmest naga River, in South Cameroons. The month. The low-lying marshy dispopulation, both here and higher up tricts are covered with mangroves, the river, consists of the Bakoko and while in the wooded uplands wine Basa tribes and belongs to the Bantu palms and oil palms abound. group. But as South Cameroons is a * From Evangelische Missionen.

The Basel Society attempted to dience, the youngsters soon came to reach the unknown tribes of the Hin- enjoy the hours at school, and the. deterland along the course of the great sire for improvement, once awakened, Sanaga River, which has its outlet into proved strong enough to fill the schools the ocean opposite the island of Fer- with eager learners. MeanwhHe the nando Po. favorable situation of Edea had been discovered by government and by In the year 1892 the station of commerce. Public buildings arose; a Lobetal was founded on the lower wide road was constructed across the Sanaga, and extensive itineraries were wooded uplands; trading firms estabundertaken from this point in the di- lished agencies; while in military rection of the upper reaches of the quarters the strategical importance of river, which led to the formation of the place attracted attention. another station-Edea-at the Sanaga Falls. Beyond these falls the river In consequence of these developwas not navigable, owing to rapids ments there was an ever-increasing and cataracts, and farther advance up- demand for teachers, and the forma- tion of out-stations was ever growing. stream involved personal danger as But these extensions brought drawwell, in consequence of the hostile at- backs of their own in necessitating titude of the inland tribes. the acquisition of a new dialect, while the dispersion of the tribes over wide Their refusal to submit to the Ger- areas, and their frequent migrations man Government necessitated a series (under the influence of superstitious of expeditions and years of hard fears) rendered the efficient working fighting. When their subjection was of the schools almost impossible. at length accomplished, it was found In the end the Board determined (in practicable to establish among them I902) to establish another main staa number of missionary outposts and tion at Sakbayeme, on the Sanato man them with native teachers, ga, situated considerably higher upaltho this was not accomplished with- stream, in the center of the Basa disout much trouble and obstruction. trict. This move proved a great suc- cess. Applications for teachers poured Hostilities between the various in from all quarters, even from distribes were of almost constant occur- tricts hitherto inaccessible. and at the rence, while falsehood, venegefulness close ot the second year of its formaand lawless indulgence characterized tion the station was in full working their private relations, and polygamy order among 300 catechumens and exhibited its baneful effects upon fam- I,600 school children, so as to necesily life. They had dealings with the sitate the supply of reenforcements. trader, or the crafty Duala as inter- Between the autumn of I902, when mediary, but found themselves gen- the first services were held in a primierally overreached. The aged people tive hut (which had to do service for clung with stubborn obstinacy to the dwelling as well), and the autumn of customs of their fathers, and to their 1907, when the dedication of the superstitious fears, and could not be church took place, the progress has persuaded to listen to a talk about been striking. religion. But· among the young a promising field presented itself, and Thus the labors of the Basel Misas soon as the missionaries had gained sion in the Cameroons have extendentrance among the tribes and, to some ed their uplifting, civilizing influence extent, won their confidence, no ob- more and more into the interior, and stacle was put in their way for bring- the missionary sees ample evidence of ing the children under instruction. the power of the Gospel, in giving The people began gradually to recog- light to them that sit in darkness, and nize the dawn of a new era, and altho to guide their feet into the way of it meant hard work at first, to bring peace. those hitherto accustomed to lawless idleness into habits of order and obe-

EDITORIALS

TDEATH OF DR. ISAAC K. FUNK Surely, in the "King's Business" HE honored president of the pub- there is need of as careful study and lishing house of Funk & Wag- as intelligent application of these prinnails Company, N ew York and Lon- ciples to the work as in any worldly don, was suddenly called Home, on enterprise. How can the principles of Thursday, April 4th, at his home in scientific management be applied to missionary work? Montclair, N. J. Mr. Funk was 72 I. By a minute and careful study years of age, having been born in Clif- of conditions, methods, men, forces ton, 0., on September I9, I839. He lived an active and useful life, and and results. was interested in many educational, 2. By the introduction of time, religious and business enterprises. labor and money-saving devices. Vhy After his graduation from Witten- should these be introduced in the home berg College and Seminary he entered offices and churches and not on the the ministry of the Lutheran Church, mission fields? Why should a misand was for some years pastor of St. sionary who is capable of earning Matthew's Evangelical Church in $5,000 a year, and who is overwhelmed Brooklyn, N. Y. As editor-in-chief of with work, be obliged to spend his the Standard Dictionary and other valuable time and strength in doing works, and as publisher of the Liter- the work of a $500 clerk? ary Digest, Homiletic Review, and MISSIONARY REVIEW, Dr. Funk has 3. Adequate financial support for exerted a wide influence. He was an the work in hand. Missionaries do ardent prohibitionist and a strong ad- not work for money, but they are vocate of "simplified spelling." His constantly hampered by lack of funds genial personality and genuine inter- for themselves and the work entrusted est in men and affairs gave Dr. Funk to them. a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. His departure leaves a great 4. In home offices salaries are blank that can not be filled. adjusted as nearly as possible to meet a man's needs and to ni- SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN move all cause for financial anxiety. In the foreign field it is not so. A . MISSIONS bare living salary is the basis, and if a missionary has a large family, only T HE modern ideas and methods of God can relieve him of financial wor- scientific management are said to ries that distract the mind and lessen have revolutionized some lines of business, and to have produced most efficiency. satisfactory results. Is there a need 5. Proper care of health and periods for the introduction of more "efficiency methods" in the business of of rest. As a rule, in the larger soextending the Kingdom of God? cieties this is carefully studied. Each climate and mission station must be Scientific management means the studied as to the character of buildconduct of a business with strict refer- ings, surroundings, periods of rest and ence to economy and efficiency. For food and clothing required to maintain this purpose every detail of the work the human organism in its best condiis studied with the view to saving of tion for services. On the contrary, we time, money, material and energy. The know of some missions where no workers are also studied with refer- proper attention is paid to these deence to temperament, ability, health, tails, where furloughs are long oversurroundings and incentives to greater fidelity, increased energy, and cheerful due, where there is no rest-home for cooperation. wearied workers, and where false economy murders efficiency. 6. Students of scientific manage-

ment have discovered that 21 y~ For scientific management in mis- pounds is the most efficient shovel load sions we must study God's laws as re- for a workman, and that 92 pounds is vealed in His Word and in the work the proper amount for a man to carry. of His servants. We must study con- Do we study as carefully the loads ditions a'nd methods and learn the placed upon missionaries? If we did most that we can learn from experi- fewer men and women would break ence. There is, however, this differ- down. One would not be doing the ence between material and spiritual work of two, and appeals for help work. In the latter only God can truly would not be in vain. How many judge the results, and only He can sup- good servants of the King have been ply the real power. God's ideals are killed by being overloaded! not man's, and the Holy Spirit is the 7. The proper tools, appliances and only power that can make man's work buildings for work is a most important efficient. "It is required in stewards item. With bricklayers it was dis- that a man be found faithful"-not covered that a certain kind of hod successful, but faithfulness includes a brought increased efficiency, and that careful study of methods, conditions, men saved time by not being obliged ideals and results, and a devotion of all to stoop at their task. Is as much our energies to God's work.

careful study given to the small de- THE EFFICIENCY TEST tails of missionary work? Advance- S ment has been made in text-books, HOULD every man's work be subjected to the test of efficiency typewriters, literature, stereopticons, industrial and medical appliances, but according to human standards? This there is room for improvement. is the tendency 1ll business, and it is 8. Competition is a large item in advocated in church and missionary business success. One employer pro- work. Can such a man "make duced excellent results by inspiring good"? Is he capable as a public riyalry between various nationalities speaker, writer, teacher, or linguist?

to prove which was most efficient. The Is any church or mission fortunate publicity given missionary reports in- that secures his services? Such are troduces this element in Christian the inquiries by which a man's value work-not always in a wholesome is tested.

way. The efficiency standard is often mis- g. Cooperation. The division of applied and sometimes disastrous. It labor and tasks apportioned according does not take into account long and to ability, yet all working for one end faithful service, or the errancy of hu- and according to one general plan, are man judgment. We know a man who essential to produce the best results. gave his best years and most earnest We are working toward this, but the endeavors to a religious organization goal is still far distant. and helped to build it up from roo Recognition of merit. Every nothing to wide-spread usefulness.

workman appreciates commendation. Then came a change of management, In the world most men labor for a and this man's abilities and claims material reward, in the work for God were ignored because he was not our highest ambition should be the sufficiently aggressive and modern in Master's "well done." But there are his methods. He was crowded out legitimate rewards in Christian work without recognition of his past serv- -the commendation of a comrade, the ices or future opportunities.

honor given to knowledge, experience God places no premium on in- and faithfulness, the help rendered in efficiency or lack of fidelity, nor could response to an appeal; above all, the His Church be satisfied with less than satisfaction of a consciousness of a the best; but there is a value in work well done and a Master well honesty, sobriety, reliability, good pleased. will, spirituality, cheerfulness, gratitude, love, that no human efficiency importance and proportions. It is test can estimate. Those who make all inclusive and demands study, hard of men machines, physical and men- work, world-wlae SYI,lljathies and tal, and gage their value by their output, are like the African savages, heroic courage; (3) that the work who put their aged and infirm men of the Church can not be done by and women to death because they can no longer till the soil, hunt man alone and will not be done hy game or go to war. Cod alone, but 1l1Llst be done ily surrendered men empowered and Fortunately, this standard has not yet been generally adopted by the directed by God; (4) that Chris- Christian Church, and will not be. The tians of different names and creeds tendency is to demand higher ideals can and must get together and work in service and greater devotion of time and money talents to God's work. together to solve these problems Let us at the same time emphasize that confront us; (5) that the camspiritual attainments above mental and paign is but the initiation of the physical and let us estimate success effort to lift up Christ and draw all more by eternal measurements than by. temporal, human standards. the world to Him. The strength of many features THE MEN AND RELIGION of the program can only be dis- MOVEMENT covered by an adequate test, but the general ideals can not be improved T HIS continental campaign comes upon: (I) Bible study as the first to a close with a Conservation essential for the intelligent Christian's Congress in New York City, April faith and practise; (2) the conversion 19th to 24th. It is hoped, however, of the individual by the regeneration that this is but the beginning of the forward movement that has been of the Holy Spirit; (3) the winning • inaugurated in many churches. of the youth in order to insure Chris- There have been some criticisms of the plan and principles of the tian manhood; (4) the duty of movement, and some misgivings lest man to his neighbor in things both it prove unspiritual and spasmodic. temporal and spiritual; (5) church Only God Himself can rightly judge extension to needy communities; the results, but there are many causes (6) world-wide responsibility and for thanksgiving and hopefulness in systematic service; (7) continued cothe awakening that has taken place operation of all Christians in God's in many men, churches and cities. The leaders have, as a rule, been work. earnest, devoted, spiritually minded The suggestions given to consermen. They have been criticized more for what has been left unsaid vation committees will take a gener.athan for what they have said, and tion or more to work out, but they more from hearsay than from personal testimony. The critics have are practical and Scriptural. been those who have' stayed outside. Mr. Don O. Shelton, president of Whatever else this movement has the National Bible Institute, suggests done or has not done, it has made the following tests by which we can this impression wherever it has been measure the true value of these Forsupported: (I) That Christian life ward Movements: and service is a man's job, worth all that a man can put into it; (2) 1. Does the movement stand out that the religion of Christ .and the spokenly and unequivocally for the Di- Kingdom of God is of unlimited vine inspiration and authority of the Scriptures?

2. Is it manifest that the movement has grown out of a sincere desire to glorify Jesus Christ and Him only?

3. Does the movement proclaim boldly the Deity of Jesus Christ. the necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit and the iustification of men by faith in Jesus Christ? "For other 'Good News' there is none. . . . But if we or an angel from heaven should bring you a Good News different from that which we have already called for one universal Christian brought you, let him be accurst. . . . Church of China-at least, among the It was not from man that I received or Protestants-but that the representalearned it, but by a revelation from Jesus tives and constituents at home held Christ." (Gal. 1:7, 8, 12, Weymouth's them back. vVe are forced to believe translation. ) that there is too much truth in this statement, and it is a burning shame! 4. Does the movement seek the affiliation of men who discard or deny the es- The time has passed when intellisentials of the Christian faith as plainly gent members of one denomination declared in the New Testament? refuse to recognize those of other sects as members of the Great Church 5. Does the movement make the salva- of Christ. Baptists will not deny tion of men through Jesus Christ its that the immersed believers are true supreme objective? Christians, neither will Episcopalians deny that the Gospel is preached by 6. Is it evident that the men who lead those outside of their accepted "aposthe movement place their chief reliance tolic succession." God has too clearly for fruitage on the proclamation of "the manifested His own approval of the faith once for all delivered to the saints" work of all denominations to permit and on the power of the Holy Spirit, men to draw distinctions which the rather than on a well-organized press Almighty does not recognize. bureau, ingenious methods of advertising, and the use of the names of men of vVe believe it is true that the definancial and political prominence? nominational spirit fostered, and of- ten forced, upon the mission fields is 7. Does the movement conspicuously holding back the coming of the Kingand continually aim to exalt the Lord dom of God. Who is responsible? Jesus Christ, rather than "religion?" It is a heavy responsibility .to as- "Christ is all." (Col. 3:11). "Neither is sume. It is not enough to argue that there any other name under heaven that there is spiritual unity, and that the is given among men, wherein we must only diversity is in form and method. be saved." (Acts 4: 12). It is not true. There is no true spiritual unity where workers refuse Ve believe that every so-called Chris- to cooperate, or where two missions tian movement should be subjected to are doing a work which one might do the foregoing tests. If any movement is not found wanting when these tests are while other districts are neglected. applied, we believe it has in it the life It is not necessary that every church of Christ and will grow and bring forth and mission, every school and hosfruit to His glory. pital, should be run on the same lines.

The Men and Religion Movement may not measure up to each of these and has not presented a solution of re- ligious and social problems, but it has aroused many sleeping and in- active church-members to a sense of their obligation to God and their fellow men.

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? PROGRESS IN SIAM AND MALAYSIA ARE we as Christians praying, A COMPARISON of the statistical working, giving to establish the tables published in this number Church of Christ in all the world, or and those of ten years ago shows that are we each seeking to establish in Siam and Laos the societies at work churches of our own peculiar denom- remain the same, and ·there has been ination? This is not a formal ques- very little increase in mission force or tion for academic discussion, but a native helpers. The native Christian practical point of vital importance. Church has increased 50 per cent. In At a recent conference of missiona- British Malaysia and Dutch East Inries and secretaries to discuss the out- dies the missionaries have increased look and opportunity in China, it is from 300 to 890, the native helpers stated that there was a general agree- from 1,553 to 3,136, and the Christian ment that the missionaries and Chris- communicants from 37,746 to 352,54I, tians on the field were convinced that or nearly tenfold. the interests of the Kingdom of God

MISSIONARY STATISTICAL TABLES FOR SIAM, MALAYSIA, AND DUTCH EAST INDIES *

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK -DA-U FOltllIGIt' MISSIOIt'AIlIEI NATIVII WORKERS STATIOit'S CHRISTIAN C01UnlNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians -u=oc,:) .

.=0. ~e =..,! .. …., cl.£ = =-~… 0 I .~ .. 'd'Upc::<~j< ….. .., ~'2 i! ,~ "a0=.. ~P- I~II ..=0 'lii ~= :igl>~< ..0. .-……~…~.;":~t;f = C;=g~ Jg:&;- ..'0..c:. :.".:.;.I. ..,~ .DI=.l.l.. <t: "0"_ ,..",,,," ~ ~0 ..~0~s'=l".l, ~la .=~ ..,! .~~~ ~.~ iii ~o.~.l/ Z .r~ U. COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES 'Ii! .'i~ .~ ~ 0 :.=.l.j. ~.!l ….. OJ ~=Il. ~ ..,1>. ~:§ …..:;~ .~ z..,'l;;0~ ;gz 't-t'E~ .. .."~e~ll ~ 1il.., .~ ~ ·.su-~3 ~… 011 S ~ u'a0eiO·!ot"S~: zE_s0-<a§0aU '00 c£1 ~ )1'0 ….·."c.."l,l,., ~'C Z '::tP "[';"l …z.9 .!::"ij "Ii! p=~ti=l':0! -EE-<o 'S..·,h,, ell d" "0 …. ~ …f,t.,~ )lg 0=0 ;.="g.. ~:§-g ]100-.<".~.=0. ." S& p~lI;Dla~ Ei0-:=<SP0~~ 0.. ;>. §-5 .. 0 .. ~a -s'Ii..! 0 E-« .. ~ ec~"l:l;':,".~;.,.iu.~".~. .9" ~ i~ .: :;:§ ~:i 1·I=cl.) 0 ~.9 -E II "tfl <::: 0 )1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ,17 18 19 20 SIAM AND FRENCH INDO-CHINA American Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Society•••••••••• 1833 1 -1 — — 1 — — 2 6 6 1 — -4 -23 1-38 1-38 -1 – -37 $80 American Bible Society ••••.••••..•••••.••.•…•••• 1890 1 1 18 8 1 Board of For. Miss., Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1840 27 12 2 52 3,400 2,752 1 34 6 155 161 15 75 28 446 4,337 17,046 53 3,437 2,832 9 80 – Totals, 3 American Societies••••…•.••••••••.••••• – 29 13 1 36 9 84 6 169 175 17 15 32 469 4,475 17,184 British Societies – _. – – – – British and Foreign Bible Society•••••••••••••••••• – -. – 1 1 — 2 12 2 1 —— — — – ———– – – – – – – Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••.••••.••••• 9 2 -5 ' —4 — – .. 75 .- – – – – – – – – — – – _– – – Society for the Propagation of the Gospel•••.••••••• 5 – – -1 6 '– 9 – -2 32 469 – – – – —- – – – – Totals, 3 British Societies…………………….. 177 4 -1892 1 -, , —- 1 41 1 — — ——–I 1 — — – I- 21 ——– 1 – "– 2 – – – – – – – – – —- Grand Totals, 6 Societies…………………….. 12 30 13 r- ' – – 1 7 1 4,475 17,184 35 3,437 2,832 — 6 96 BRITISH MALAYSIA American Societies – Board of For. Miss., Methodist El.isc~al Church 1••• 1885 13 – 2 11 10 – – 36 3 183 186 8 -13 32 1-23 1,870 *7,480 35 1,074 $2,520 Seventh-Day Adventist Mission oar •••••••••••••• 3 2 1 – -7 – -8 – -1 1 41 *164 -1 -6-1 836 ,1-89-4 5 12 10 – – – — — – — Totals, 2 American Societies…………………… _……………… 14 — I t s ,– – 46 4 190 194 9 13 33 123 1,911 1,644 36 1,135 3,356 2 British Societies British and F()1'eign Bible Society……………… 1813 —1 —— —– 4 2 – 7 —- ,- -a17 17 5 – ,– '—— ,—- —- —– —– —- Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••••.••••••• 1866 2 1 9 30 -8 -8 5 –3 — – – — 1,338 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society.••••• 1900 12 1 -12 –9 3 1 21 22 327 1,308 11 -81-2 English National Council, For. Dept., Y. M. C. A •• 1902 -1 -3 -1 10 6 1,914 6,500 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England ' •• 1857 -2 1 2 1 10 17 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ••••••••••• 1855 2 12 5 4 8 20 20 6 – -76 82 -I – 18 e– 20 – – –' – 23 23 Totals, 6 British Societies……………………. 15 66 1 122 129 2,241 1,808 11 812 1,338 Continental Societies – – – – – Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipzif••••.••••• 1907 1 1 1 11 12 1 10 -1 9 304 516 –1 38 – 1 5 ~ – – 251 706 1 —- 2 —1 6 – – -7 – -1 – -32-6 ~ — 2 –1-7 -1-5 ~ – -63-0 -' – – – – – – – Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Base 6•••••••••.1-90-4t-1 , -1-9 – -2 – – – -38, – — – – – – – – – – – – – – — – – — – – Totals, 2 Continental Societies………………… -2-60 – -1,22-2 – – – — – – — , – – – — ._- I -2 ,— Grand Totals, 10 Societies……………………. 1 22 26 30 114 13 329 342 31 51 57 383 4,182 16,674 48 1,985 4,694 35 DUTCH EAST INDIES American Societies – – – – – Board of Fo – Seventh·Day r. dMviesnst'il s Met!>o~ist Episcopal Church ' •• 1903 3 – 2 5 – 7 -7 – – 3 8 12 350 649 692 2 22 $30 A Board .••••••••••••• 1900 3 9 2 1 6 1 10 160 t M,sslOn 2- 2 2 7 – – – 6 — – —– —- —- — t– 655 1- — – – – – Totals, 2 American Societies……………………………………… ~ 5 2 5 2 14 7 5 8 13 350 698 3 32 190 Continental Societies – – – – – Centraal-Com. voor Seminarie, Batavia ••••••.••••••• 1878 1 – – 1 1 1 4 1- —— —— — ——– ——– ——— 10 —9 – Comite voor Sangir. en Talaut- eHanden ••••.••••••• 1859 12,239 63,739 194 — 22,674 1 11 1 23 267 267 8 107 456 *1,800 – – – – – – Doop~ezinde Vereeniging ……………………. 1847 — 23,950 – – – Itva omite ……………………………….. 1855 8 -1 – 8 17 69 -563 1,882 6 12 25 25 –16 – – – – – – – ederlandsch Bijbelgenootschap ••••••••••••••••••• 1814 6 – 2 5 400 *1,600 – – – – – Neder}andsch Luthersch Genootschaf ..••••..••••••• 1889 2 – 1 1 1 1,163 *9,000 2 13,235 *52,000 – – – Nederlandsche Zendingsvereeniging ••••••.•• " •••• 1899 13 2 4 3 10 14 –24 96 967 1,979 9 4 27 64 64 1 2-15 – – 43,290 107,154 – Nederlandsch Zendelinggenootschap ••••.••••••••••• 1862 14 656 1,673 – – Neukirchener Missionsanstalt •••••••••••••.••••••• 1884 13 1 1 7 17 4 44 – 94 94 14 80 1 14 2 29 81 81 11 31 72,969 240,827 – Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft ••••••••••••.••••••• 1836 92 4-0-7 – 7,178 2 3 85 14 196 31 2,248 2,279 72 407 – – – – – Utrechtsche Zendinf.svereeniging •••••..•••••••••••• 1859 15 90 90 12 86 – 15 30 – – – Zending v. d. Gere. Kerken in Nederland……….. 1860 10 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Totals, 12 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• ~ 25 70 70 8 39 3 2 10 184 – g 1 -~ 31 2,939 2,973 150 789 431 7,489 9 24,144 22,674 16 179 26 413 Dutch East Indies Society – – – -, – – – – 23 – – Protestant Church of the Netherlands East Indies .. 23 80 80 – – – 274,135 274,135 – International Society – – – Salvation Army ……………………………. 1894 76 76 12 20 — – – – 10 28 1 16 10 13 440 – – – – – – – –~ ~- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Grand Totals, 16 Societies ……………………. 167 817 1'- ~ ~ — .. 212 9 1 34 194 41 890 111 3,022 3,136 444 7,839 347,759 515,660 22 24,204 22,864 • Condensed from the World Atlas of Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, New York.

SIAM AND FRENCH INDO.CHINA DUTCH EAST INDIES 1 Colporteurs directly under the supervision of the Bible Society. 1 Includes the data from the Vk)men's Society. BRITISH MALAYSIA • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 1 Includes the data from the Women's Society. • No report for Baptized Christians other than the numher of Communicants. • Data from Dr. J. W. Gunning. a Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. . 'Commissioned officers. • Not reported. • Chinese work. In printed report included under China Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 17, all estimates are from the societies.

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MISSIONARY NEWS SIAM AND MALAYSIA name will be Sarohan Kasanang, i.e., :Messenger of Peace, and it will be Opportunity in Siam published in K wala Kuron. Since the Dyaks are great readers, it will I T is stated that the sixteen prov- not lack subscribers, it is said. inces of the kingdom of Siam have a population of 6,428,6I9, but this is Laos Christians as Missionaries probably an underestimate. The responsibility for their evangelization is S OME used to suppose that when shared by the Siam Mission of the a "heathen" had been "converted" Presbyterian Church and two families the work in his behalf was finished. of Christian (Campbellite) mission- But more and more the conviction is aries who came from England to spreading that Christian activity is work among the Mohns. The mem- also essential. And so we read with bers of this Burmese tribe who are satisfaction that "in the Chien Rai residents of Siam are 27,260, accord- Presbyterian Church, in North Siam, ing to the last census, tho there were from 40 to 70 people go out every said to be 80,000 of them eigM years Sabbath in bands of four, to preach ago. Then there are some Chinese in outlying villages." Baptists in and near Bangkok, who are regularly visited by a Baptist mis- Anglo-Chinese School in Malaysia sionary to China. Thus, more than 6,000,000 are to be evangelized by the ONE of the most remarkable edu- Presbyterian Siam Mission. Already cational enterprises in the East Siamese evangelists are being em- is that of the American Methodists ployed, and several of them sup- at Penang and Singapore. Many ported on the field. Siamese churches years ago a school was started for are growing and are courageously the sons of English merchants in the striving for self-support. Still, Siam latter city. It grew to large proporis a very needy field at present. tions and was, in every way, remark- ably successful. Then a Chinese Spread of Islam Upon Borneo merchant brought his little boy to the school with the request that he T HE work which the missionaries might be admitted. The authorities of the Rheni~h Missionary So- acceded. The English community, ciety commenced several years ago in however, threatened to withdraw all Kwala Kuron on the River Kayan, English boys in case other than upon the island of Borneo, has gone whites were given a place on the on with much encouragement and school benches. The governing comconsiderable success, but under great mittee went to the leading Chinese difficulties, chiefly caused by continu- merchants in Singapore, explained ous famine and suffering among the the situation, and offered to make somewhat lazy Dyaks and by the their institution over into a school progress of Islam. The interior of for Chinese boys. The merchants the whole country is continually took up the matter and raised a large flooded with Malayo-Mohammedan sum of money for the project. At literature, which greatly impresses its the present time there are some 1,100 readers. The missionaries are now Chinese boys in the Singapore school, planning to meet this danger with and nearly as many in another Ana distinctly Christian magazine. Its glo-Chinese school which was started

on the same lines in Penang. The 2,000,000 subjects count themselves, Chinese merchants in Batavia, Java, and are counted, fortunate under the have negotiated with the Methodists benevolent despot who travels over for a similar school which, we be- the world studying the science of lieve, has already been set in opera- good government, and goes home to tion. apply it. His prinle minister at the present time is Romesh Chandra Dutt, A Chinaman's Generosity whose "Civilization of Ancient India" is a familiar work upon book-shelves A WORKER in the Malay Penin- in all countries, and who is one of sula, writing in Echoes of Service, the enlightened patriots and publicists tells an interesting story of a poor old of India.-The Presbyterian. Chinaman, an inmate of the decrepit ward of the pauper hospital at Kuala Bibles for Indian Students Lumpor. By industry in making baskets he had saved twenty dollars, T HE Bible Society presents the and half of this sum he gave as a Scriptures to all students at Indian freewill offering to God, the remain- universities. Each man, when he ening portion being placed in trust with ters college, is offered a copy of the one of the older Christians against four Gospels and Acts in English; the day of his burial. Yet we still half-way through his course he is hear the reproachful term-"ricc asked to accept an English New Christians !" "Hath not God chosen Testament; and when he has graduthe poor of this world, rich in faith ated, the Society endeavors to arand heirs of the kingdom?" range that he shall go forth with the English Bible in his hands. During The Printing-press as an Evangelizer 19IG no fewer than 6,785 volumes were accepted as gifts from the So- BEGINNING with a small plant ciety among the students of India- twenty-one years ago, the Meth- lASl volumes more than in I909. odist publishing house in Singa- With all the Scriptures presented to pore has grown until it employs now the graduates and students of the about fifty men to produce the books Allahabad University this last year and pamphlets which are printed in went a leaflet entitled, "The King's Malay, Chinese, Tamil, Arabic, Taga- words about the English Bible." This log, Battak, and various European contained the reply of King Ge9rge languages. to the tercentenary deputation of March, 19I I.-The Bible in the INDIA World.

Progress of Moral Reform India and the Italo-Turkish War E VEN in India, polygamy is grow- THE war between Italy and Turkey ing unpopular, not merely be- has given a new opportunity to cause of the cost of living, which see the close fellowship which exists has reduced it to such an extent that between all followers of the false monogamy is getting to be the rule, prophet throughout the world. The but because of the "awakening" that India newspaper Bande Mataram has is due largely to the missionary work stated that Mohammedans throughof Occidentals through religious and out the earth have collected more other channels. His Highness, Shri than $1,000,000 and have handed it Sir Saya Sid Sayaji Rao III, Gaek- to the Sultan as their contribution war Maharajah of Baroda, who is to the war fund. In all large cities almost as well known in Washington with great Mohammedan populations and N ew York as in Calcutta and protest meetings against the war have Bombay, is rated as one of the most been held, and delegates of the Moprogressive rulers in the world, as hammedans living in China and in well as the richest Indian prince and one of the richest men on earth. His

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India have made a much observed life work. Beyond the station there are villages, north, south, east, and call upon the Sultan in Constantinople west, over 1,100 in one collectorate, in which there is not a single Chrisabout the middle of January. tian. Hindus everywhere, appealing strongly to Christendom by their con- The resolutions which were adopted dition and their great needs. Thou- sands of the outcasts are turning to at a great Mohammedan meeting in Christ, but the caste people, while willing to accept much of Christian Aligarh, India, are typical of all thus truth, are opposed to Christianity as such and are not willing to surrenpassed, and we quote therefore a part der all to Him. But light and truth are going forth from Mukti. A few of them. In them the Mohamme- years ago Marathas and Mahars would not drink water in the same dans strongly condemn the aggressive field. Now more than a thousand men, women and children, high caste, attitude of Italy, sincerely and earn- low caste, outcaste, and no caste, come to Mukti regularly from the surestly sympathize with the Turks and rounding villages and hear the Gos- pel. Thus, the seed is being sown. pray for the success of their co- Shall it not produce the abundant harvest in the Lord's time? religionists and the annihilation of Persecution of Converts in India their enemies. They pledge them- THE Gossner Missionary Society selves to boycott Italian goods and has a most prosperous work in consider it their religious duty to Jaspur. More than 2,500 heathen have been converted, and almost 3,000 have raise funds for the help of the become earnest inquirers after the truth as it is in Jesus. This is the wounded Turks, and for the support more remarkable because J aspur seems to have little religious liberty, of the families of the martyrs. They tho it is in the Empire of India, and converts from heathenism are pray the British Government to put severely persecuted by the Hindus. In some cases converts have been an end to an unconscionable, unpro- persuaded or even forced to eat rice upon which blood of the sacrifices voked, and unjust war, as the tradi- had been dropt, or some drops of such blood were put into the mouths tional ally of Turkey and the great- of converts who were then forced to wash them down with brandy made est Islamic power. . from rice. Then they had to sign a statement that they would never Such resolutions leave little doubt again attend Christian services, or, if they did, pay a large amount of that the Turkish war may quickly money.

and easily develop into a religious Frequentlx converts thus treated have gone back into heathenism, not var. so much on account of the fine placed upon attendance at Christian services A· Centennial Near at Hand as rather because they believed that the blood thus eaten had again put T HE Marathi Mission, the oldest American mission in southern Asia, was founded in 1813 by representatives of the American Board, and has work in Bombay, Ahmednagar, Sholkapur, and regions adjacent. The number of villages in which Christians live is 346. The missionary force numbers 42, with 523 native toilers. There are 45 ordained pastors and preachers, 58 organized churches with a membership of 7,340, and a Christian community of 13,216. In the schools 3,824 pupils are found.

At Mukti with· Pandita Ramabai HE Mukti Mission was organized T in 1896, tho the work of Pandita Ramabai was begun in 1887. It offers tremendous opportunities, because at Mukti (Kedgaon, Poona District, Bombay Pres.) the workers are surrounded by more than 1,400 souls, who are there for no other purpose than to be prepared for their

them in the power of demons. Those will be too few to reach the millions who have eaten the blood and yet of Chinese scholars by personal deremained in the Christian Church, are livery of their message, but the inpersecuted, threatened, and subj ected creasing network of post-offices and to attempts at extortion. Thus, it is railways is greatly facilitating the disnot an easy matter to follow Christ tribution of literature. outside the camp of heathenism in J aspur. An Open Door in Canton CHINA T HE American Presbyterian Mis- sion in Canton, under the care of The Immensity of Things Chinese Rev. A. A. Fulton, has been doing a great work. The plan of work is REV. P. FRANK PRICE, of the that of raising up a large body of Presbyterian seminary, Nanking, native helpers and evangelists, who writing in the Union Seminary Maga- go into the towns and villages and zine, makes the following statements: preach. Canton has a population of "There are more people in China than 1,700,000, and the three counties in the four continents, Africa, North about it have 2,000,000 more in 10,- and South America, and Oceanica. 000 cities, towns and villages. There Every third person born into the are already 12 churches, 34 chapels world looks into the face of a Chi- and 21 schools. During the last year nese mother. Every third man who work has been done by the native toils under God's sun and rests under men in 715 villages, and in I,6ro in God's stars, is a Chinese. Every third couple given in marriage plight their two years $I 1,36 I has been raised troth in a Chinese cup of wine. Every third orphan who weeps through the on the field for schools, buildings and day, and every third widow who current work. During the last year wails through the night, is a Chinese. 189 adults and 79 children have been Put them in ranks joining hands, and baptized. In the last five years 2,080 they will girdle the globe ten times at persons have been added on confesthe equator with living, beating human sion. Three new chapels are imperahearts. Constitute them into pilgrims tively needed at once, at $200 each; and let them march before you at the 3 new preachers must be set at work rate of 2,000 every day and night, at $I50 each for the year; 3 new under the sunlight and the solemn Bible women must be employed at stars, and you will hear the steady $50 each for the year; 3 new schools tramp, tramp, tramp of that weary, must be opened at $150 each, and a pressing, throbbing throng for 500 new women's chapel must be opened years. Japan is leading the Orient, at $300. but whither? Of the seventy nations mentioned in ancient history, only An Up-to-date Device two survive to-day. Of these one is scattered throughout the earth await- UP-TO-DATE methods are used in ing its final resurrection, and China China. In one city there is a teais the other. house mission for the benefit of those who will not attend church or chapel. Urgent Call for Christian Literature The Chinese tea-house is an insti- tution, and 400 or 500 people visit DR. MACGILLAVRAY, a veteran this house on fine evenings and thus missionary, calls for the settling come in touch with the Gospel. apart of picked men to devote their whole time to the translation of a Union Bible School in Nanking modern, adequate Christian literature for China. He declares the oppor- A UNITED Bible school at Nantunity to be absolutely unparalleled. king has absorbed three theologi- For many years to come missionaries cal seminaries of four denominations, namely the Northern Methodists, the

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Northern Presbyterians, the Southern ways. The demand itself has de- Presbyterians and the Christians creased and the nature of the demand (Disciples). A Presbyterian paper left has changed. Trading has nearly says: "Some leading minds had the ceased in some ports, and boatmen acuteness to see that in fields where are afraid to carry yarn or similar union was possible at no other point valuable goods on account of the it was feasible to unite all the mis- pirates and robbers in the interior. sions in Bible study." Many letters Then the Chinese dress has changed, on this subject appear. Here is one for thousands of Chinese who have from Rev. A. E. Cory, secretary of done away with their queues, have the Centenary Conference Committee also turned to foreign dress. In the for the promotion of Bible study in interior the characteristic Chinese China: "When we invited Dr. White clothing has been modified. The long to come we had no thought of start- coat or gown is now cut short, about ing a China-wide movement. We the length of an American sack were prepared, however, without real- coat, and even the nature of the cloth izing the extent of it, for the impetus used has been radically modified. to stand together, which the study Voolens and cotton goods manufacof the Bible under the leadership tured in imitation of woolens are beof Dr. White gave us. We turned to ing used, and goods approximating the Bible Teachers' Training School the clothing of foreign men are in in New York as furnishing us the surprizing demand. The change is model for schools in China. There regarded as permanent by Chinese in Nanking is the first of at least IO traders. schools of this type which are asked for. It combines four denominations What Missions Have Done for China already. This movement is not only already China-wide. It includes the A CHINESE secular paper, the whole Far East." Shanghai Mercury, stated, on ~ ovember 27, 1911, editorially, that Antecedents of Dr. Sun up to r840 all China believed that what its rulers said was true and T HE leader of the new Republican trustworthy. Its Huangti (the Em- forces of China, Dr. Sun Vat peror), was considered the sale mas- Sen, an Hawaiian-born Chinaman, ter of the sublunary universe: heaven was educated in Honolulu under the reigning above, he below. China influence of an old Oberlin graduate, alone was refined, all else was bar- William A. Bowen. Mr. Bowen took barian, uneducated, unenlightened, Dr. Sun in charge when young and uncivilized. China knew all that was easily influenced, and instilled into to be known and could look down on him the American love and longing everything and everybody else. But, for freedom. Not only did Mr. so continued the editorial writer, Bowen give the young patriot Ameri- "little by little, thanks to missioncan ideas, and help materially in aries, schools, treaty ports, and still planting the seeds of American de- more, travel, a knowledge of the true mocracy in his mind, but he helped state of affairs began to dawn. Press, to finance the way for the early edu- pulpit, preaching and practise drove cation of the bright young China- home the newer learning, opened the man. windows of the soul to the new light, and despotism was really ready to Indirect Results of China's Changes vanish before the standard of revolu- tion was raised at Wuchang." ATTENTION is called to the fact by Missions that the revolution This testimony of a secular newsin China has upset the trade in cot- paper to the work of the missiontons in South China in unexpected aries in China is as refreshing as it is unsolicited.

JAPAN AND KOREA of the house explains the meaning of certain verses, and chooses a text to High Tribute to Missionaries be taken as a motto for the day, and makes a few simple remarks thereon. RECENTLY Baron Kanda, head Each member of the household takes of the higher commercial school it in turn to pray morning after mornin Tokyo, at a reception and dinner ing. The children's prayers are very, given in honor of Mr. Russell and very short, but impressive in many Mr. Hamilton Holt, of New York, ways, and the way the servants resaid: "Let me in this connection peat the same prayer day after day pay a humble tribute to that noble is rather funny. Whatever happens band of Ainerican missionaries and in the house, family prayers are not teachers who have consecrated their given up. Every member of the lives to the cause of the moral and household is prompt in getting ready intellectual elevation of our people- for the morning meeting at the breakthat noble band headed by the late fast table to worship God. lamented Dr. Hepburn, who with the crown of over four-score years and Other Good Tidings ten, but with a still brighter one of his immortal work left in the hearts DR. SIDNEY GULICK, of Doof his pupils here, has recently gone shisha University, reports that the to his well-earned rest. He has left Kumi-ai (Congregational) churches behind him not a few pupils who have recently held a notable series of have since risen to posts of great im- meetings in Tokyo with very gratiportance in the life of new Japan, fying result. The pastors are earnest among whom I may point with pride and spiritual, and signs of the times to my honored friend, the president are in many ways most hopeful. The of the Bank of Japan (Baron Taka- leaders of the national life are inhashi), present to-night. But there creasingly confident of the need of are many Hepburns, Verbecks, religion, both in public and private Browns and Williamses, the lasting life. They have not yet turned in influence of whose labors it is im- large numbers to Christ, but that day possible to overestimate. And I am is approaching. The new movement glad to say that this noble band is among the missionaries looking towconstantly recruited, and is ever swell- ard better distribution of forces gains ing, whose influence is deeply stamped headwav. A new line of united work upon the rising generation and will is developing in the agreement of a be felt indirectly- through generations decisive number of mission boards to to come_" share in the plan for a permanent committee for Christian literature in Family Worship in Japan Japan. The sum of $2,245 is al- ready pledged to this committee. T HE Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a letter on family worship, written The Salvation Army in Korea by a Japanese lady whose husband is a Christian. She says that the ON its way round the world, the family worship in her home lasts less Salvation Army has come to Kothan fifteen minutes. The whole fam- rea and has entered the city of Seoul. ily assembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a Colonel and Mrs. Hoggard, experitable that will seat about ten people. enced officers. are in command, and Each person reads his verse of Scrip- Koreans, Japanese, and foreigners are ture in turn, the little children and heartily interested in its work of upthe servants often making rather lift and cheer. At one of its festiamusing mistakes. Each member of vals of sacred. song the Archimandrite the household has his or her morning Paul, head of the Greek Church in for choosing a hymn. After the Korea, and the Russian Consul, oc- Scripture reading is over, the master cupied front seats, while the foreign-

I9I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ers in the audience were officials, Eastern and Western Turkey Mismerchants, and missionaries. The lat- sions of the American Board. During ter generally speak of the work ac- the conference such topics as Moscomplished by tr.e Army in tones of lems, and how to reach them; work loud praise. among Bahais and Jews; training of native workers; the old Christian Was Convinced by Christlike Deeds communities, Chaldean, Armenian and N estorian; and the organization, de- I N Pyeng Yang there was a disas- velopment, and self-support of the na- trous flood recently that spoiled tive church, wiII be discust, while every home belonging to the members special addresses on the Evangelizaof the Methodist church. But in spite tion of Kurds, Bakhtiaris, Loors and of this there were 25 at prayer-meet- Arabs; on Religious Liberty in Pering next night. Some had lost all sia; and on similar subjects are antheir possessions, but not one had a nounced. Thus the conference promcomplaint to utter. One man, a ises to be helpful and interesting. wealthy grain merchant, whose wife and daughter were among the most Growth of the Arabian Mission faithful Christians, had resisted for a long time. He had a concubine and T HE Arabian Mission was organ-' persecuted his wife shamefully. The ized by a number of the friends church-member who tried to preach of missionary work among the Moto him said he wouldn't listen at all. hammedans in 1889. It was incor- Three nights after the flood, he came porated in I89I, and three years later to church, where they were having it was formally adopted by the Gena leader's meeting, and stayed to the eral Synod of the Dutch Reformed end. He said he had noticed how the Church in America, which placed it Christians had come down to sympa- under the care of the Board of Forthize and help others, with no thought eign Missions, but continued its disfor themselves. He had seen no tinct corporate existence. The growth such manifestation of a loving heart of the mission has been remarkable, among the unbelievers and he wanted as the following table shows: to know more of the religion that gave it. He wanted to see if they 1895 1900 1905 1910 1912 reaIly were happy and peaceful when 1I1issionaries 4 others in the same outward condi- 1'ative Force 8 9 16 26 34· tions were distrest and upset. He said he wanted that kind of a mind Stations ..• 3 10 21 25 27 and he was going to believe. Hospitals… ~ Expenses .. $5,365 3 3 4 6 MOSLEM LANDS It 2 2tt Missionary Conference in Persia in 1912 $9,799 $17,893 $21,274 $34,833 A MISSIONARY conference is being arranged to meet at Hama- * Includes the representatives of the University dan, Persia, from July 14 to 28, I9I2. of Michigan. t Erected in 1902. tt Two new The societies at work in the empire are the Church Missionary Society, hospitals are being erected. the London Jews' Society, the Swedish Missions forbundet, and the The work has so rapidly developed Presbyterian Church in the United States, but it is expected that mainly and the amount of money needed for the representatives of the Church Missionary Society and the Presby- its support has so largely increased, terian Persian Missions will attend the conference. An urgent invita- that its board of trustees has issued tion, however, has been sent to the an especial call for aid to its large circle of friends and supporters.

Strengthening Work Among Moslems in Europe T HE German Orient Mission is making an earnest effort to strengthen its York among the Mo- hammedans in eastern Europe. Hav- ing sent back the well-known Pastor Awetaranian and his devoted wife to the work in Philippopolis, eastern Rumelia, a short time ago, it has now strengthened the hands and faith

of these tried laborers by sending to police came and informed the misthem Pastor Hagob Shahveled and sionary that it was wrong for him his wife as co-laborers. Pastor Shah- to open such a shop in uncivilized veled was born in Anastasia, in Tur- Hodeidah. The chief ordered Mr. key, and was pastor of an evangelical Hoyer, in the name of the Mutasarcongregation there previous to thF rif, the highest city official, to close great massacres. During the cruel the shop and sell no more books. persecutions he and his wife (a Ger- As a Danish subject, the missionary man) and their children were forced could not be protected by the British to flee to Basel. Thence he went to consul, and he therefore closed the Bulgaria in 1898, and became pas- shop, tho the bystanders told him tor of a small Armenian congrega- that the Mutasarrif wished only a tion in Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. bribe and a little private income from the shop. Since he is able to speak Armenian, Turkish and German fluently, he The British consul, on hearing of is a valuable addition to the mission- the event, ordered him to go back ary force among the Mohammedans. and reopen the place, and if the po- lice inspector came again, to "kick Danish Mission at Hodeidah him out at once." "I did as he told me," writes Mr. Hoyer, "with the REV. OLUF HOYER, of the Da- exception of the last-named injunc- nish Missionary Society, who la- tion, and now I am again selling bored among Arabs and Jews in books." Aden for some time, began work a few years ago in Hodeidah, a EUROPE prominent city on the Red Sea coast, not far from the streets of Bab-el- Work Among Russian Women Students Mandeb. He rented a carpenter's old shop, which he renovated, and AT the Student Conference in Conhaving secured a supply of suitable tantinople, held from April 24 books from Beirut and Cairo, opened to 28, 191 I (see MISSIONARY REVIEW) his bookshop in June, 1911. This 191 I, page 404), the women delegates was something of an event in the from Russia gave Miss Ruth Rouse history of Hodeidah, and for the first an urgent invitation to come to Rustwo days the shop was full of people sia in the autumn to strengthen the from morning till evening. They local groups in St. Petersburg, Moswere especially delighted with the cow, Kieff, and in other cities. Last school-books, having never before October Miss Rouse attended the seen any like them, since the Koran conference of Russian student leaders is the only book studied by the chil- which was held near Wiborg, and bedren in the two schools of Hodeidah. came acquainted with the present Many bought copies, but Bibles were problems, possibilities, and aspirations also in demand, especially Gospels, of the Young Russian Movement and Psalms, and Proverbs, in cheap edi- with the leaders themselves. In St. tions. Petersburg she addrest several large public meetings for both men and An inspector of police came to in- women, and also several meetings for vestigate what books the stranger had women students only. The result was to sell. He examined some and de- an increase of I25 new members of clared them to be exceptionally good, the association and a continued larger because most of the books came from attendance at public meetings and Beirut, and had been passed upon Bible-study classes. by the Turkish censors. Other books from Cairo dealt more freely with In Moscow the plans for public religious controversy, but the in- meetings were frustrated by the ecspector did not want to see them. clesiastical authorities, so that Miss Rouse was forced to restrict her ef- On the fourth day the chief of forts to constructive work among the leaders in the old capital.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

In Kieff the Governor-Gener~l and tion with it 34 pastors, with 18 evanhis wife were friendly, and a public gelists and colporteurs, laboring in meeting was attended by 420 stu- connection with lOS preaching-stadents. Smaller audiences were also tions. The membership of these conaddrest, and as a result of the work gregations includes over II,OOO peo- 20 women and a dozen men students ple vho are converts from Romanwere enrolled as new members of ism. In its Sunday-schools there Bible classes. One of the professors are 3,714 pupils. It is estimated of the Polytechnic Institute, who is that lO,850 meetings have been cona Christian man, consented to be the ducted within twelve months. The president of the new Kieff Associa- aim of this church from its very tion. origination has been to carry the Gospel of Jesus Christ to every ham- Protestantism in France let in Belgium, and it is always work- ing on the hard ground of supersti- CHURCH disestablishment in tion and infidelity. France has not hurt the Protestant churches. In 1905 they received Basel Missionary Society from the State 2,007,090 francs, and raised themselves 309,934 francs for ACCORDING to its ninety-sixth church purposes. Last year they annual report, the Basel Missionraised without State aid, 2,979,000 ary Society had at the close of 1910: francs, more than 900,000 francs above what they received from the ~ .~ State six years before. And their contributions to foreign miSSions, .rS""o' .~ so .c~ :': home evangelization and social work increased. ~ .~~ u~ "'0"

Progress for Boh.emia ."~ Q.~ s~.c -5 Ul :i1 .uc~:O>:) BOHEMIA and Moravia, a country 1''"1 <fJ as large as Scotland, has a Reformed Church that is making prog- India , ………. 26 83 178 18.602 15,760 ress. Their superintendent for Mo- CGKhaomilndea-Cruon';st.' C.~.i.~.l.;.Y 1II9 40 378 10,620 2,284 ravia, the Rev. Dr. F. Cisar, sends 60 663 23,247 7,248 some illustrations from the last thirty 12 54 1,745 11,785 years. Then they had 70 congrega- 10,353 tions; now, 88. Then, almost no Totals …….. 68 237 2,964 – 37,077 preaching stations; now, 64 and 13 affiliated congregations. During thirty 62,822 years the number of places of worship is at least three times larger than fifty The income of the Society at home, years ago. For buildings and church i.e.) in Switzerland and Germany, was funds only, apart from the regular $426,150 . sustentation of churches, in thirty years they spent over 5,300,000 In India, where the Society em- CI'owns, or over £222,000 sterling, a ploys more missionaries than in any sum that astonishes their leaders, who of its other fields, the number of had never compiled these statistics be- baptisms was smallest. The influence fore. of Hinduism and of caste are yet unbroken, so that few Hindus of A Belgian Jubilee' higher class are willing to undergo the persecution and the physical suf- HAVING been founded in No- ferings which await converts to Chris- vember, 1837, the Christian Mis- tianity. Yet the schools of the Basel sionary Church of Belgium is ap- Society in India were crowded and proaching its seventy-fifth anniver- the fruit of the Christian instruction sary. There are working in connec- thus imparted to the future leaders of India must soon appear.

In China the number of baptisms increased, and 568 inquirers were under instruction at the close of the year, tho famine and drought, re- bellion and war, and increase of ma- terialism and vice and gambling se- riously interfered with the work. The Chinese Government placed many

difficulties in the way of the mission- izing the inland regions of the Chiary schools, which explains the small- nese empire. The beginning was small, ness of the number of pupils. but the little one is already becoming In the Gold Coast Colony Chris- a host. There are now 968 missiontianity has become a real power. The authority of the fetish priests has aries in the empire and the baptized been destroyed, and heathenism, tho converts number 36,500, and it is constill fighting and opposing the work fidently believed that at the semi-cenof the Christian missionaries, is dy- tennial four years hence the number ing. A grandson of the famous leader will reach at least 50,000. The mis- Adu Bofo, who once made Mission- sion has had its ups and downs finanary Ramseyer, of the Basel Society, cially. The income for 19IO was a prisoner, and brought him to Ku- $264,530, a decrease as compared rnase, has been baptized. Yet Islam with the previous year of $3,980. is making threatening progress, and This would not seem to be so serious, the increasi41g prosperity of the peo- but for the fact that in the year 1908 ple, caused by the development of the the decrease was $58,130. The total cacao plantations, does not prove an amount expended in the 46 years is unmixed blessing, tho it enabled the approximately $7,500,000. Steady Christian natives in the Gold Coast and systematic work is carried on at Colony to contribute about $26,000 200 central stations and 830 outto the expenses of the Basel Society stations and surrounding districts. III 1910. AMERICA GREAT BRITAIN "Reclamation Day" An Old Missionary Society THE New York Salvation Army T HE Society for Promoting Chris- celebrated Washington's birth- tian Knowledge, the oldest mis- day by a g-eneral movement to reclaim sionary organization in connection drunkards. They visited saloons of with the Church of England, is cele- the city and dragged away the drunkbrating its 215th birthday. The so- ards; more than 1,000 men were taken ciety was founded on March 8, 1698, to the army headquarters, and after when, in the words of its originators, being given something to eat, were there was a "visible decay of religion talked to. At the same time the in this kingdom," coupled with a army held a parade in which a "monstrous increase of deism, pro- "water wagon" was conspicuous. phaneness, and vice." Among the ob- Some of the banners in the parade j ects were: (I) the education of the read : "Washington would not lie; poor; (2) hospital work, especially whisky is a liar"; "don't let the booze on the foreign mission field; (3) the help you down and out; cut it out"; publication of Bibles and prayer- "bubbles on top; bitterness at the books, theological works and treatises bottom." Unfortunately, the drunkon church history; (4) grants of ard himself knows better than any books to sailors, soldiers, emigrants one of the bitterness at the bottom and others; (5) the promotion of for- of the glass, but has not the moral eign missions, toward which large force to combat it. The worst thing grants are made yearly, both in money about liquor is that it robs the user and books. of the control of his faculties, which means moral and physical death.

Growth of the China Inland Mission Americans Not Wholly Sordid FORTY-SIX years ago, Hudson T HOSE who affirm that the church Taylor, without any pledge of is declining as a force in the support from individuals or from a world, that religion is no longer an missionary society, attempted the object of devotion even to so-called seemingly impossible task of evangel- religious people, and that the world is

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 39

altogether sordid and trivial in its a rich layman of Durham, N. c., interests may be edified by looking at asking- him to take his support. He a recent report in the Boston Trans- wrote to Mr. Pratt to come to see cript of the philanthropic gifts of him, and agreed to take him and his America last year. Tabulated figures wife. A little later Mr. Pratt wrote show that $252,007,875 was thus con- to him telling him that he must open tributed by American citizens during a mission in Korea, that he would the twelve months closing December need ro missionaries, and would he 31st. Moreover, of this sum approxi- take the $10,000 necessary? He mately $roo,ooo,ooo was contributed thought about it and prayed and said for the advancement of religious work, he would. A few weeks later he went using that term to include all gifts to to see him again and told him that charities supported by funds secured Mr. Watts would have to take more in the churches. The amount given than $10,000, maybe $20,000. "All for what are classified as distinctively right," he said, "send all the mission- religious objects was thus $8,000,000 aries you need and I will c-arry them."

more than the total gifts for educa- Then they induced Mr. Watts to tion-notwithstanding enormous sums attend the meeting at Chattanooga, donated by a few individuals for that and when he saw those men (50 of purpose-and $40,000,000 more than them) volunteering, he accepted this the amount given to the third main challenge, and said: "Put me in for division-the general good. Again, $5,000 down, or $1,000 a year as long of this $roo,ooo,ooo, $51,000,000 was as I live."

given by 15,000,000 people through Forty Years of War Against Vice the Protestant missionary societies; O $40,000,000 being thus donated for :J March 3, 1912, forty years of faithful home missionary effort horne missions, and $11,000,000 for the foreign missionary work.-Mis- in defense of the morals of the chil- sionary Herald. dren of the United States by Anthony Must We Come to This? Comstock were rounded out. Relent- lessly the war against obscene litera- T HE Catholic World, of New York, ture of every description, and vile said recently: "The Roman photographs and pictures has been Catholic is to wield his vote for the ,,'aged. When it began, in 1872, purpose of securing Catholic ascend- there were no laws in the United ency in this country. All legislation States, either Federal or State, ademust be governed by the will of God quate to reach the evil, and printed unerringly indicated by the Pope. circulars advertising the vilest and Education must be controlIed by the foulest matters were disseminated Catholic authorities, and under edu- broadcast through the mails. Then cation the opinions of the individual was founded the N ew York Society and the utterances of the press are for the Suppression of Vice, and it induded. Many opinions are to be drafted such laws with the aid of its forbidden by the secular arm, under secretary, Anthony Comstock. They the authority of the Church, even to were enacted by the legislatures of war and bloodshed." various States, and by Congress, in What the Laymen'. Movement is Doing 1872 -73. On March 5, 1873, the day after President Grant had signed the T HE following incident is only one United States laws pertaining to the of the many evidences that the subject, and had been reinaugurated, laymen of the country are awakening Mr. Comstock was commissioned a to their opportunity and responsibil- special agent of the Post Office De- ity: Charles Pratt, of the Southern partment to enforce these laws. Thus Presbyterian Board, under appoint- he was able to do as much good work as' he has done throughout these ment to Korea, writes to Mr. vyatt1>,

years, for now the power of the substantial increase. The increase in United States Government was be- those of southeastern European parhind him. entage, however, was astounding. In the classification of the mother tongue During the past forty years 3,547 of people born in Russia, the census persons were arrested by the Society office found such an overwhelming for the Suppression of Vice, and number who gave Yiddish as the more than 145 tons of unlawful mat- mother tongue (which means that ter were seized. Almost 3,000,000 they are Russian, Polish, Galician, or of obscene pictures and 14,794 nega- Rumanian Jews), that Yiddish is betives for making same, 28,428 stereo- ing used in the mother tongue tabutype plates for printing immoral lation of the population of New York books, 318,336 rubber articles, and for the whole Russian group, with 11,IIO pounds of molds for making Polish as the other leading language same, and 3,500,000 circulars adver- of the Russian-born population of tising the books, pictures, and articles the city. This is used as a proof of have been confiscated. Thus much the fact that there were 1,265,000 good has been done. But much work Jews in Greater New York in I9IO. remains to be done yet, before it can vVe consider the estimate too high for be well said that these works of the the city, but believe that it included devil are destroyed in the United the many thousands of Jews in the States. towns across the Hudson in New Jersey and within a radius of 20 The Population of Greater New York miles from the New York post-office. vVe believe that the percentage of the T HE Population Research Bureau population of Greater New York of of the New York Federation of Jewish birth is 23 per cent. Ch~rches has computed the comparative populations of Greater N ew York The Bureau states that in terms of in 1900 and 1910, with gains and percentage, the population of New losses, in terms of parentage, from York, in 1910, was 15-72 per cent. of data furnished the Federation at its British, 15.19 per cent. of Russian, own cost, and transcribed by its own 12.74 per cent. of German, 11.16 per workers in the census bureau. The cent. of Italian, 8.35 per cent. of figures are as follows: PARi<:NTAGE 1900 1910 Loss or Gain 1. British (including colonies) ……………………….. . 946,653 745,569 197,084 loss 910,103 739,408 170,697 loss ~. Northwestern European .. , ……. , ………………… . 779,981 607,088 192,893 loss Germany-Luxemburg ….. , …………………… . 70,829 93,965 23,136 gain Scandinavia ……. , ………… _.. _……………. . 25,950 24,726 1,224 loss 13,343 13,629 286 gain France …………………. , ………………… . 713,476 1,705,192 307,683 724,112 991,716 gain Switzerland ., ……………. , ………….•….. , .. 229,347 532,064 416,429 gain 163.237 398,079 302,717 gain 3. Southeastern European …. , …………………. , …. . 10,499 32,210 234,842 gain Russia-Poland-Finland ….. , ………………… . 1.309 8,745 21,711 gain 1,+01 9,982 7,436 gain Italy ………………………………………. . 62,189 528,990 8,581 gain 24,703 Austria·Hungary …………. , .. , ……………. , .. 60,666 91,709 466,801 gain 6,638 5,994 Roumania … , .. , …………. , ………………… . 921,318 31,043 gain 737,477 644 loss Greece ……… ………….. . …………… . 183,841 gain Turkey …………………………………….. .

4. Mixed (One foreign parent) …………………. , .. , … .

(Two foreign parents) …. , ………………… .

5. Negro ………………………………………… .

6. China and Japan ……….. , ……………………… .

7. Both Parents American-born ………………………. .

The Bureau reports the total popu- Austro-Hungarian, 1.97 per cent. of lation of New York at 4,766,833 in Scandinavian, 13-49 per cent. of 1910, which means an increase of 1,- mixed, 1.92 per cent. of negro, .13 329,68I since I900. New York's per cent. of Chinese and Japanese, population of British and of North- and 19.33 per cent. of native white western European parentages each parentage. The figures thus compiled decreased to a remarkable extent by the New York Federation of from 1900 to 1910, those of Scan- Churches are very interesting, but it dinavian parentage showing the only would be of far greater value to the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Christian worker, for whom they are Many missionary books were sold primarily gathered, to know the re- to the thousands of visitors. They ligious status of these vast masses will bring information and impulse gathered in Greater New York and into many homes, and thus the cause its. adjoining districts, which are so of missions will be benefited permaclosely associated with the urban cen- nently. ter. These masses, according to the latest bulletin of the United States The Priceless Bible Census Bureau, March, I9I2, number HEALING with the Bible as "The 8,494,3 I 5· Sailor's Chart," Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell says: "I love the Bible. I The World in Cincinnati believe it contains all necessary truth about the way a man should walk T HE great missionary exposition, here below. I am glad there are still "the World in Cincinnati," was some puzzles left in it for me and opened on March 9th, and continued for those that come after me. The until April 6th. It was a great op- milk I find in it nourishes me. There portunity for all who availed them- is, no doubt, meat which I can not selves of it, to become acquainted digest, but that those with different with the conditions of native life and viscera than mine are already assimi- Christian effort in many mission lands lating. This I must rest content with, of the earth. To each country was I presume. Every young man, I allotted space within the great Music think, ought not to expect to be so Hall of Cincinnati, with rooms in infallible as to understand the whole which native scenes, costumes, home- of it. That may explain some not life, religious life, work, and recrea- prizing it highly enough. To me it tions were depicted. means everything. Take it away, and you can have all else I possess." Undoubtedly every visitor learned to think of the inhabitants of other Growth of Presbyterian Foreign Missions lands as real people, with the same needs and sorrows and burdens and Per cent. cares of life as we ourselves. But he also saw what great investments 1901 1911 Increase have been made by followers of Christ to lead the inhabitants of all For. missionaries .. 715 1,030 44 the lands represented at the exposition to faith in Him. The work of Native force ….. . 1,841 4,353 136 the missionaries was actually shown, and the beneficent changes wrought Organized churches' 386 763 98 in the lives of heathen everywhere by the preaching of the Gospel were real- Communicants .. . 41,559 114,166 175 ized by many visitors for the first time, as returned missionaries told Schools ……… . 718 1,645 129 of the work in the countries where they have been laboring. Pupils ……… . 25.910 61.099 136 About 10,000 different ~ersons Sunday-school served as trainers, stewards, smgers, or in other capacities. They have be- scholars …… . 38,127 152,057 299 come more intelligent, and therefore more earnest in the work of missions. Presses …. " … . 7 11 59 Have they exerted no influence for good within their homes and the Hospitals ……. . 34 68 100 circles of their friends, as their interest increased? They must continue Dispensaries …. . 43 75 74 to exert an influence in behalf of missions within their churches. Patients treated .. . 340,878 467,820 37 Principal stations .. 117 144 23 Dut-stations ….. . 1,182 1.718 45 Receipts from all sources ….. $957,537.00 $1,676,124.00 72 Receipts per capita .93 1.24 32 Contributions on field (1904) … $117,355.00 $484,~97.90 447 International Conference on the Negro B OOKER T. WASHINGTON has called an International Confer- ence on the Negro, to meet at Tus- kegee Institute, Ala., on April I7th, I8th, and I9th. The object of this conference is to afford an opportunity for studying the methods employed in helping the negro of the United States, with a view of deciding to what extent Tuskegee and Hampton

methods may be applied to conditions sition was heartily and unanimously in other countries where many ne- adopted. Then the same man pro- groes are found, as well as to condi- posed that in addition one out of tions in Africa. Persons who are every ten of their number give his actively interested in the negro, or entire time to the proclamation of directly engaged as missionaries, or' the glad tidings, and be supported by otherwise, in the work that is going the other nine. This proposition, too, on in Africa, the West Indies, North met with hearty acceptance. Every and South America, and elsewhere week the tithes are brought to the for the education and upbuilding of treasurer in the coin of the realm, to the negro have been invited, and it wit, brass rods eleven inches in length, is hoped that representatives of gov- worth about one cent, and tied in ernments especially interested in the bundles of ten each.

negro problem may attend the con- Five Kings at a Centennial ference. FlVE native kings and their ret- Gospel Power Felt in Cuba inues were present at the cen- T HE Gospel in Cuba is working a tenary celebrations of the Wesleyan social regeneration, teaching les- IIethodist missionary society on the sons of self-control, purity, honesty, Gold Coast. One of them, a man of truthfulness, and virtue. Children 85 years, was 9 years old when the are growing up with higher ideals first missionary arrived at Cape before their eyes, and will instinct- Coast in 1835. During the day $1,500, ively turn away from the common almost entirely in silver, was contrib- vices of bull-fighting, cock-fighting, uted. The mission has 200 native gambling, and the desecration of the teachers, agents, catechists and minis- Sabbath. The missionary is also giv- ters, and about 3I,ooO members of ing needed instruction in hyg'iene, all kinds, while 100,000 people wor- while the moral tone of the Gospel ship in the churches.

is reacting on the Roman Catholic SOUTH AFRICA priesthood and forcing the priests to adopt better methods. T Rejoicings in Natal HE most notable event in South WEST AFRICA African mission life during the A Prosperous Mission on the Kongo past year has been the celebration of A THRILLING story is told by Men the seventy-fifth anniversary of the and Missions, of a mission of coming of the Gospel to the Zulus.

the Christian (Disciple) Church upon A jubilee convocation of twelve days'

the Kongo, in which every member duration was held in Durban, Natal.

pays tithes upon his entire income, There were united Christian conven- and in addition every tenth member tions for the deepening of the spiri- gives his entire time to the proclama- tual life; also exhibitions of the pro- tion of the Gospel, the other nine ducts of industrial education-har- providing for his support. The first ness-making, shoe-making, carpentry, convert was baptized after three years, tailoring, pottery and the fabrication a man so lame as to be able to move of an admirable rustic furniture from neither hands nor feet. At the end "monkey-rope." One telling feature of another year 31 savages from of this exhibit was a native village seven warring villages were added. school in full operation. The culmina- The membership has since increased tion of the celebration was a great to more than 2,000. At the first com- missionary meeting in Durban town nmnion service one of the natives hall. This building, holding some arose and proposed that it be made 4,500 people, was filled to its utmost the rule of the church that every mem- capacity with the elite of the colony, ber tithe his income, and the propo- Lord Gladstone, governor-general of

South Africa, presiding. A choru~ time ago they persuaded the Regent, of 350 Zulus sang, with electrifying Lidj Jasu, to put in prison all Roman power, Sir John Stainer's "Trust ye Catholics and all Protestants, but the in the mighty God," Greig's great French Consul saved the Roman Cathsetting of the Seventh of the Revela- alics. Of the Protestants 21 were tion, and other anthems. Sixty thou- arrested on September 10,1911, bound sand black church-members, repre- and led before the Regent. He ordered senting a Christian community of that each receive forty strokes. The fully 200,000, presented an address execution of the order commenced at to the governor-general. once, and long, heavy thongs of leather were applied to the bare backs of the Boer Missionary Work first nine victims. Two of them died at once, and it seemed probable that I N the Boer missian in Nyasaland all would perish under the cruel chas- and Rhodesia, 600 adults were tisement, when the ministers of war baptized and 4,000 admitted into in- and of the interior interfered and sucstruction classes last year. Over 45,- ceeded in having the sentence sus- 000 children are taught in the day pended for the present. The captives schools of the mission. Such statis- were then liberated, but they were tics mark a revolutionary change of told that they would be rearrested, opinion among South African Boers and one arm and one foot would be since the days of Livingstone, when cut off and the tongue would be torn Kaffir and Hottentot were considered out of the mouth of anyone who Canaanites in the land fit at best for would again visit the home of the misslavery and often for death. sionaries.

NORTH AFRICA Another convert, Alaka Mariam Tajelenj, has been tried before the News from Abyssinia Abuna on four charges, viz.: I. That he prepared and ate meat on Wednes- THE missionaries af the Swedish days and Fridays (which are days of National Missionary Saciety have fasting in Abyssinia). 2. That he tried earnestly and faithfully to. enter taught the priests in Kamkam, Koroda, Abyssinia with the Gospel from its and Dera to eat before the services stations an the borders of the closed and the celebratian of the Lord's land. After years of great discour- Supper. 3. That he declared that the agements and dangers, it seemed as saints are not mediators for sinners. if the king himself was becoming 4. That he condemned the adoration interested, and the preaching of the of pictures as idolatry. After a long Gospel wauld be permitted among its trial he was declared "not guilty" by benighted multitudes (see MISSIONARY the Abuna. REVIEW 1908, p. 430, 190.9, p. 225), and encouraging reports came from EAST AFRICA the Swedish missionaries, telling of earnest inquirers and true converts. Christmas in Uganda Then the success of the Protestants aroused the jealousy and anger of the T HE Rev. R. H. Leakey, of Bule- Abyssinian clergy, and finally a per- mezi, in the kingdom of Uganda, secution of converts to. Protestant who has the oversight of a district doctrine commenced, which, accord- containing aver 150 places of woring to. recent reports, continues in ship, with an average Sunday attendan exasperating manner. Rev. Karl ance of over 12,000, reports the bap- Coderquist, one of the faithful mis- tism last vear of close on 1,000 persionaries of the Swedish National sons (adults and infants), and 400 Society, writes that the Abyssinian more adults under instructian for Archbishop, Abuna, and his clergy baptism. Over 8,000 children atare determined to wage relentless tend the variaus schools. Writing battle against Protestantism. Some November 26th, from Ndeje, Mr.

Leakey says: "Is it not good to tary of the American Board of Com- think that out here in the heart of missioners for Foreign Missions- Africa, where only a few years ago recently returned from an extended all was darkness, there are thou- journey through Turkey, Africa and sands who call Christmas Day 'Seku India.

kuu,' which meam, 'the great day'? Other special conferences and in- On Christmas Day we generally have stitutes have been arranged for Sun- the largest communion service of the day-school superintendents and teachyear and a crowded congr~gation. ers, missionary committeemen and for This year I have had a class of 21 practically every type of work in the men in training as evangelists, and local church activities. another class of 21 lads who are be- Additional information concerning ing trained as pupil teachers. the conference may be had by address- NOTICES ing C. V. Vickrey, Missionary Edu- cation Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., International Missionary Union New York, N. Y.

T HE International Missionary OBITUARY NOTES Union which was founded by the late Dr. J. T. Gracey in 1883, will Wilhelm Sorensen hold its 29th annual gathering in Clifton Springs, N. Y., from May 29 NEAR the end of 19II, Pastor Wilto June 5, 19I2. Its object is to pro- helm Sorensen died in Husby in mote missionary fellowship and in- Denmark. He was one of the best crease missionary interest and effec- known missionary writers of Scantiveness, and all who have ever served dinavia, and had done much to inas evangelical missionaries or are now crease interest in the knowledge of under appointment as such, are cor- missionary activity. Born in 1840, he dially invited to join in this confer- became a pastor in 1865, but his great ence and union of prayer. All mission- interest in missions was soon shown aries are offered free entertainment in many articles which he published by the Clifton Springs Sanitarium in the N ordisk Missions Tidskrift during the Conference, while all These were followed in 1895 by a persons interested in missions are larger work. "The Expectations and most welcome at all sessions. Tho the Successes of Modern Missions." general founder and president of In 1899 he became one of the editors the Union has recently been called of the excellent N ordisk Missions home by the Lord of the Harvest, the Tidskrift, in which office he continued blest influence of his efforts continues until his death, and at the time of in the Union. the Edinburgh World Mission Con- ference he had become known as the For particulars address the Cor- leader of the missionary cause ~n Denresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. ]. mark, and as such became a valued Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. member of Commission 1.

Missionary Leaders' Conference MONG the innovations that will Miss Harriet Seymour, of Turkey A characterize the' Missionary Edu- ISS SEYMOUR who filkd thirty- M cation Movement Conference at Silver seven years with fruitful labor Bay on Lake George, July 12-21, this in· Harpoot, Turkey, and then retired year, will be a special program for because she had not the strength to laymen under the leadership of Mr. labor longer, has recently gone to her ]. Campbell White, general secretary reward. During her long period of of the Laymen's Missionary Move- service she visited America only once.

ment. She was a deeply spiritual woman and There will be another series of con- elevated, body and soul, to the work ferences or institutes for pastors led which she felt that her Lord hac!

by Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Secre- committed to her. AND MISSION LANDS THE STORY OF KOREA. By Joseph H. Long- weapon in their hands that has never ford. 8vo, 400 pp. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1911. failed them. The word and will of Here is a scholarly and succinct their Emperor are sacred. His comaccount of the Korean people from the dawn of their history three thousand mands are received with all the reveryears ago up to the annexation of the peninsula by Japan. Mr. Longford, ential obedience that we theoretically the author of the "Story of Old Japan," was for a number of years British render to those of the Decalog. Fifconsul in the Sunrise Kingdom. teen years ago there was an extraor- In view of the present relations between the two countries, it is espe- dinary epidemic among the lowest J apcially fitting that one so well versed in the history of Japan should write anese classes, at the great shipping a history of Korea, and if the author's knowledge of Korea's ancient history ports of Japan, of wanton assaults on is as accurate as his acquaintance with recent years, it may be regarded as Europeans. Even ladies were often trustworthy, in historical but not in missionary facts. The country and its the victims. It was brought people, social customs, its history, ancient and modern, relations with Japan, to the Emperor's own knowledge, and China and European Powers, the rise and progress of Christianity, are all an Imperial Rescript at once appeared ably presented. notifying His Majesty's disapproval of Korea has frequently been cited as a country incompetent of self-govern- such acts. The assaults ceased at once. ment, but, according to Mr. Longford, the reigns of the two dynasties When Japan, by one stroke of the preceding the Japanese invasion in the sixteenth century would compare fa- pen, added ten million people to her vorably with that of any European nation of the same time. citizens . another Imperial Re- 'While unsparing in his denunciation script appeared in which His Majesty of Japan's barbarous treatment of this most unfortunate people in ancient declared that" 'All Koreans under his times, and while recognizing that the present Japanese regime has not yet sway shall enjoy growing prosperity fully "m'ade good," still the author shows entire friendliness and fairness and welfare, and be assured of repose toward the regime at the time of the annexation, and expresses confidence and security,' and called upon 'all his that success will ultimately crown the undertaking. officials and authorities to fulfil their At the close of his chapter on the duties in appreciation of his will.' . . Japanese Protectorate, Mr. Longford states his position in a striking man- "The Japanese have a great task bener: fore them, before they can remedy the "The Japanese have one great errors which they have made in Ko- rea during the past thirty years, and let the curtain of oblivion fall over the many glaring misdeeds which have too often covered their administration with shame. The present writer believes that they will show themselves equal to their task, that they will prove not unworthy of the high position which they hold as the equal of the greatest Christian Powers of the world, and that they will, in deference to the com- mands of their Emperor, bring all the blessings of good and honest govern- ment to a people who have been the most misgoverned on earth."

The author gives a clear and com- paratively full account of early Roman Catholic missions in the Peninsula (from Roman Catholic sources). It is to be regretted that the phenomenal success of the modern Protestant missionary movement in Korea is only mission schools have been used by Kobriefly referred to, and in the four rean agitators to foster a spirit of repages devoted to this subject are founel bellion. We think the author does not many inaccuracies in statement, anel give sufficient weight to the charges some in spelling. of oppression and lack of considera- tion brought against the Japanese mili- On the subject of modern missions tary forces. The author discredits, the writer has evidently not taken however, the insinuation that missionsufficient pains 11:0 gather either full aries are responsible for Korean or accurate information. He says for example, that the "Prelatists and hostility to Japanese authority. There Presbyterians, Baptists and Method- has been, and is still, very good ists, the Salvation Army, the Young grounds for criticism of the actions Men's Christian Association, and per- of some of the Japanese officers haps a score of others, have now their and men stationed in Korea, but misrepresentative missions in Korea." sionaries have refused to take sides in Instead of "a score" it should read two political questions, and have uniformly or three. Moreover, he gives an erro- advised Koreans to be loyal to their neous impression of conflicting and new rulers. It may be true that some confusing denominations, whereas, Koreans adopt Christianity as a cloak aside from the prelatical missions, the to cover their hostility toward Japan, whole country is harmoniously divided but these are not numerous, and would between the Methodists and Presby- soon be discovered if Japanese authoriterians. Christian union and coopera- ties cooperated more harmoniously tion is remarkable in Korean missions. with the missionaries. The greatest cause of misgiving is the fact that the On the whole, however, the book is military, not the civil, authorities are to be strongly recommended to all who in control in Korea, and that they inare interested in watching God's move- tend to remain in power as long as ments in history. A copious index and possible. excellent illustrations and a map add much to the worth of the volume. SOME GREAT LEADERS IN THE WORLD MOVE- AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- MENT. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo, 295 yoshi K. Kawakami. 12mo, 370 pp. DJ). $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 1911. York, 1912. Raymund Lull, William Carey, Mr. Kawakami is, as his name im- Alexander Duff, Charles George Gorplies, a Japanese. His book gives a clan are names to conjure with, and clear, intelligent, fair-minded presen- Robert E. Speer is a man who knows tation of the important questions re- well how to tell a life story so as to lating to the Japanese in Manchuria, impress its message. George Bowen, in Korea, and in America. No doubt the Christian mystic of India, and Lord the author takes the views most favor- John Lawrence, the Christian statesable to the Japanese plans and policy, man, are not so well known by the and may not give sufficient weight to American public, but they are worth the charges of unlawful ambition in knowing, and are here well introduced. M.anchuria and unmerciful severity in These brief biographies are stimulat- Korea, but his statement of these ing to the reader, and offer excellent questions and their solution is well material with which to stimulate worth reading. Mr. Kawakami is evi- others. dently a man of fine spirit, who believes there should be and will be no HUDSON TAYLOR IN EARLY YEARS. By Dr. war between America and his country. and Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illustrated. He also holds that Japanese rule in 8vo, 511 pp. 7s. 6d. Morgen & Scott, Korea will be a blessing to that land. London. $2.25. George E. Doran, He speaks highly of the work of New York, 1911. American missionaries, but claims that It is a difficult matter to portray a soul or to describe its growth, but this is what Dr. and Mrs. Taylor have at-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

tempted in great detail in their por- CHRIS.TIAN MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNtrait of the famous founder of the TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated. China Inland Mission. The result is 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G., Lona volume full of instruction and of don, 1912. inspiration, tho at times somewhat too minute in its delineation. The Telugus of India have been re- markably responsive to the Gospel of The story of Hudson Taylor's life Christ. American Baptists, Methodis remarkable, first of all for the in- ists, Congregationalists, and Reformed sight it gives into the influences that and others have brought many into the molded the life of the child and the Church. This volume tells the story young man and prepared him for the of the work of the Anglican missions experiences and service which God among the same people. The first two had in view for him. The missionary chapters are occupied with describing is portrayed as a young man of re- the country and people; the last two markably serious and sensitive nature; refer to the work of the Church Mishis letters as a lad read like those of sionary Society and the London Misa mature Christian. He imposed on sionary Society. The remainder of himself a course of training to pre- the book gives an excellent account pare himself for future hardship in of the work of the S. P. G. and its China, and put God to the test as a fruitful results. prayer-hearing and a prayer-answering God. Some of his experiences A PRIMER OF HINDUISM. ]. N. Farquhar. are noteworthy, and clearly fitted him 12mo, paper. Christian Literature Sofor his future trials and the leader- ciety for India, Madras, 1911. ship of the greatest interdenominational missionary society of the world. Mr. Farquhar's intimate knowledge of the subject, his fairness and dis- It is, perhaps, an idealized portrait crimination, are revealed in his article that has been presented-or Hudson that appeared in the April number of Taylor's only faults were too great the REVIEW. In the present "primer" introspection and hypersensitiveness. he takes up the subject more in detail, The lessons are clearly and forcefully giving an outline of the history of drawn-as great as those from the Hinduism from the beginning, and an lives of George Muller or William estimate of Hinduism as a system. Carey. The reality of God is shown This is the best brief presentation of by practical experience; His readiness the subject we have ever seen. It has to answer believing prayer; His abil- a bibliography and is adapted for a ity to provide for temporal needs in course of study. the greatest extremity; His leadership in affairs great and small. SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes. Il- INDIA AWAKENING. By Sherwood Eddy. 12010, 273 pp. SOc. Missionary Edu- lustrated. 8vo, 343 pp. $3.50, net. ]. cation Movement, New York, 1911. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1912. A comprehensive and hopeful picture of India is here presented by one The head-hunters of North Borneo who has been for fifteen years a self- are a remarkable and an exceedingly supporting missionary there. He has interesting people, and Mr. Gomes has traveled all over the land, so that his succeeded in giving an illuminating experience and knowledge are unusu- and attractive picture of their life, ally wide-spread and intimate. The character and customs. He shows us text-book Mr. Eddy has given us is the dusky children of the jungle in worthy of the man and the subject. their primitive community houses, with It is a sane spiritual view! of the their daily life from birth to death, people and their needs. It is packed their fear of evil spirits and their refull of information, has a good map ligious beliefs, their virtues and their and a full table of statistics. faults, their traditions and folklore, their work and play. The people are worth knowing, and this volume brings us into intimate acquaintance with them.

The Dyaks have many excellent TWENTY YEARS OF PIONEER MISSIONS IN qualities, are as a rule hard-working NYASALANIl. A History of Moravian and honest, and they have a well-ob- Missions in German East Africa. By served moral code. At the same time they are ignorant of God and true Bishop 1. Taylor Hamilton, D.D. Il- ideals of life. They live a mere animal existence, have little regard for lustrated, 12mo, 192 pp. $1.25. Morahuman life, and think little of sexual vian Bookstore, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. intimacy among unmarried youths. JAPAN OF THE JAPANESE. By J. H. Long- The Church of England (S. P. G.) and the Roman Catholics are working ford. 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons, among the Sea Dyaks of Sarawak, but New York, 1912. find it difficult to secure large results, REDEMPTION OF THE CITY. By C. Hatch owing to the manner of life and the Sears. SOc. Griffith & Rowland, Philaindifference of the people. Their fu- delphia, 1912. ture is not bright as a race. They will THE GIRL THAT GOES 'NRONG. By Reginald probably die out; the only hope is in Wright Kaufman. 12mo. $1.25, net. the education of the children in the Moffat, Yard & Co., New York. Christian faith and life. Anyone will WHERE HALF THE WORLIJ Is WAKING UP. find the book most entertaining and in- By Clarence Poe. Illustrated. $1.25, structive. net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. THE MIRROR OF HINDU PHILOSOPHICAL THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. SYSTEMS. By Nehemiah Goreh. 12mo, 8vo. $3.50. George H. Doran Co., 384 pp. Translated by Fitz-Edward New York. Hall. Third Edition. Christian Litera- TURKEY AND ITs PEOPLE. By Sir Edwin ture Society for India, Madras, 1911. Pears. 8vo. $3.50, net. George H. Doran Co., New York. A Benares Pundit wrote the original CHILE AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By book of which this is a translation. He Nevin O. Winter. $3.00. Three-quarspoke from intimate knowledge of the ters morocco. $7.00. L. C. Page & philosophy of Hinduism and its effect Co., Boston, 1912. on the people of India. The discus- AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By S. sions are somewhat abstruse for the K. Hutton, M.B. Illustrated, 16s. net. average reader, but they give a valu- Seeley, Service & Co., London, 19'12. able course of study for missionaries, CALL OF CHRIST. A Story of Foreign Misstudents, and others, who would delve sions. By Rev. R. H. Crozier, D.D. more deeply into the system and its 220 pp. Whittet & Shepperson, Richliterature. Hindu theology and ethics mond, Va., 1912. are set forth by one who speaks with THE ADVANCE GUARD 0];' MISSIONS.. By authority. Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. Pa- cific Press Publishing Association, NEW BOOKS Mountain View, Cal. 1912. INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By THE MISSION OF OUR NATION. By James Rev. Z. F. Griffin, B.D. Illustrated, Franklin Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. 12mo, 214 pp. $1.00, net. American $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Baptist Publishing Society, Philadel- York. phia.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for TRUE EVANGELISM. By Lewis Sperry Bridging the Chasm. By George F. Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. SOc., net. Gos- Herrick. Illustrated, 12mo, 2S3 pp. pel Publishing House, Bible School $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Park, N. Y. 1912. York. PAMPHLETS CHRISTIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS. By Walter Rauschenbusch. 12mo, 429 pp. CHURCH UNITY AND INTERCESSION. Chas. SOc., net. Macmillan Company, New Brown, D.D., W. Goudie, H. Elvet York, 1912. Lewis, M.A., E. Graham Ingham, D.D., H. L. C. V. de Candole, M.A., F. L. CONSERVATION OF THE SPIRITUAL LIFE. As Denman, M.A., Contributors. 8<t: pp. Taught by St. John. By Marcus L. Is., net. Evangelical Alliance, London, Gray. 12mo, 137 pp. $1.25. W. B. 1912. Palmore, 3504 Washington AYe., St. Louis, Mo. AMERICAN BAPTIST MIS·SION PRESS, Ran- goon, Burma. By F. D. Phinney, Sn- perintendent. 100 pp. 15c. American Baptist Missions Press, Rangoon, 1912.

THE CaURCH MISSIONARY COMMITTEE. A Manual of Suggestions on a Unified Program of Mis5ionary Education and Giving in the Local Church. 5c. American Baptist Foreign Mission So- ciety, Boston, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1912

THE MISSIONARIES SEE IN INDIA, BURMA AND

1. A native primary school in India. 9. A Burmese Christian and ·her discarded idol. 2. The "gold dust" twins in India. 10. Burmese girls in a Buddhist temple. 11. A Beluchistan hut and family. 3. Indian women in their cart. 12. A Y. M. C. A. preaching band on tOllr. 4. Carving on a pagoda in Rangoon, Burma. 13. A missionary ready for a tour. 5. Some lepers in India. 6. A Hindu temple and sacred tank. 14. Indian women grinding at the mill. 7. Mohammedans at prayer. Delhi festival. 15. A Moslem minaret in Delhi. 8. A somasi in India. 16. Naga women from Patkoi RiIls, Assam.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXXV. No.4. APRIL, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. "I. Old Series N,w S"ies Signs of the· Times THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN CHINA been tortured and one British mis- VENTS follow each sionary, Rev. F. Day, of the S. P. G., stationed at Yungching Hsien, was IDE other thick and fast in killed by the rioters. As a rule, how- the new Republic of ever, missionaries, schools, chapels China, so that one can and foreign property generally have scarcely realize that thus far been protected. There is cablegrams in the daily still danger of the unrest and dispress refer to this conservative empire. order that usually follow in the wake which a few months ago seemed still of great popular uprisings against esin the sleep of the middle ages. Fol- tablished authorities. The taste of lowing the general revolution and the power often unbalances judgment and proclamation of the Republic, with lets loose the reins of passion. the election of Dr. Sun Yat Sen as Provisional President, came the con- THE FUTURE LEADERS OF CHINA ferences with Yuan Shi Kai, the ab- HUMANLY speaking, the hopeful dication of the Emperor, with the sign of the times in China is pensioning of the Manchu dynasty. seen in the character of the leaders Then followed the acceptance of the who are working to reorganize the presidency by Yuan, thus uniting the nation. Under God, in their ideals divided Chinese patriots. The Man- and integrity rest the hopes for chu troops, seeing their service at an bringing order out of chaos and for end, mutinied and began to plunder the establishment in China of the and murder. They looted Peking greatest nation on the face of the and destroyed property worth $rs,- earth-a people, one-fourth of the 000,000, so that it has been neces- earth's population, with an ancient sary to call in foreign troops. civilization, conservative yet now Disorders have also been rife in aggressive, strong and stable, but now Tientsin, Tungchow, Paotingfu and active in adopting the best ideals that other cities. Some Christians have the world can furnish .

• The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. Some of these leaders have already elined to talk until he mentioned the been mentioned. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, annual sacrifice at the Temple of when provisional president, voted Heaven, and asked how that would against the indiscriminate killing of be carried on." Then his eyes shone Manchus, on the ground that while and he spoke slowly: "All sacrifices it was according to Chinese custom, will probably be stopt. The religion it was against Christian morality, and of the people will be Confucianism. said he: "I am a Christian." When But Jesus is better than Confucius, he asked how many Christians were and I am strongly in favor of more in the room (says Bishop Brent), missionaries coming to China to teach three-fourths of the men declared Christianity. We shall do all we can themselves to be followers of Christ. to assist missionaries, and the more Such are the men who have their we get to come to China the greater hands on the wheel of the Chinese will the Republican Government be ship of state. Dr. Sun is said to have pleased." remarked, "Our great hope for China is in the Bible and education." When Wang Chung Wei, the Attorneyhe was attacked in London by Chi- General of the Chinese Republic, is nese officials, he was on his way to said to be a Christian. He is a gradua service in St. Martin's Church. ate of the law department of Tientsin University. He took the degree of Yuan Shi Kai, while not a profest LL.B. at the University of California, Christian, has always been friendly to and doctor of civil laws from Yale the missionaries and their work. He in 1905. He lived and studied in is regarded as the ablest man in America and Germany for fifteen China. He organized the first mod- years. ern Chinese army, and was the only viceroy able to protect the foreigners Chen Ching Tao was graduated in his province at the time of the with the degree of Ph.D. from Yale Boxer rebellion. He was also the in 1905. He is an authority on pofirst to substitute modern text-books litical economy, and was at the head for Confucian classics in the schools, of a commission sent to Europe to and inaugurated the custom of send- investigate the currency system. He ing Chinese young men abroad to is liberal-minded, but not a Christian study. Yuan's own children were so far as is known. educated by Mrs. Evans, an English missionary, and four of his sons are Chinese students in America bepupils in the mission college at Tient- lieve that in the Republic Church and sin. One wing of the college Yuan State will be separated, and full built at his own expense. liberty of belief and worship will be granted to all. We have already mentioned the Christian character of the Provisional A CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS IN Vice-President and Military Com- CHINA mander, General Li. A correspondent of the China Press, Shanghai, writes REPRESENTATIVES of foreign of an interview with General Li, dur- mission boards in the United ing which "General Li seemed disin- States and Canada met in New York (February 29th), to discuss the situation in that land now in the throes of a new birth. It was inti-

OF THE TIMES

mated by missionaries that if the for the whole nation should be made home boards would take hands off, up of the leaders of all denominathe workers in the field would con- tions, foreign and native. In this solidate Protestant Christianity into central board on the field should be one united force in the new Oriental vested the final power to determine republic. One just returned from the scope and sphere of each denomi- Fuchau was emphatic in saying that nation's activity. the missionaries had repeatedly been obliged to forego plans for union be- THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE cause of missionary secretaries in CHURCH IN CHINA America. T HE sudden changes in China The recent conference, in which were represented thirty foreign mis- thrust mighty responsibilities essionary boards and societies, was as pecially upon American Christians. hearty in commending union for To-day no country is held in so high Christian work, but opinions were esteem in China as the United States, recognized as personal, not binding and especial attention is being paid to on the boards for whom they serve as Americans and American missionexecutives. The resolutions adopted aries. But the New China is eviwere turned over to the Committee of dently friendly to all Christians and Reference and Counsel to be trans- to Christianity itself. Idolatry seems mitted, with copies of the papers read, absolutely doomed, and in many to the boards maintaining the estab- places Christian officials have been lished Foreign Missions Conference appointed. In Canton the son of one of North America. of the old Presbyterian preachers, a graduate of Columbia Law School Dr. James L. Barton, secretary of is in hibh authority. Another Christhe American Board, analyzed the tian, a teacher in Fati School, is in Christian union which will be capable permanent position over the revenues of making a real impression on China. and has taken as his helper another One common name adopted for all native Christian. Protestant Chinese congregations, so that denominational differences should The missionaries generally expect be submerged out of the sight. Sepa- that with the disappearance of the rate denominational institutions of old system of persecution for those education should be merged-inclu- who abandoned ~ncestral worship ding even theological seminaries, and large numbers of inquirers will apshould be operated on a union basis. pear, and they are troubled how to Christian literature issued in the Chi- take care of them. nese language should be prepared and published by a joint board represent- China is wide open. Let the Church ing all the missions. Finally, arrange- enter and possess the land for Christ! ments ought to be made for executive control on the field which would IS A BETTER DAY DAWNING FOR govern all Protestant mission work INDIA? harmoniously. District councils for the various provinces and one board THE Durbar at Delhi, connected with the visit of King George V. of England as Emperor of India, was made the occasion for changing the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

The festivities were luxurious and of Hinduism, the Vedas and the stretched over many days, costing an Upanishads, be made the foundation immense amount of money, but the in- of Indian laws. In those books noth- fluence on the spirit of the people ing is found pertaining to caste and seems to have been good. child-marriage, to the burning of wid- King George was accompanied by ows, and to many other evils that sap the strength of India and hinder the Queen Mary, and none can say what preaching and acceptance of the Gosit meant to the women of India, es- pel. The use of the Vedas as the pecially the Mohammedans, to see her foundation of Indian law may be of stand by the side of the Irmperor much advantage to the Christian misduring the coronation festivities. To sionaries in the great empire. the down-trodden and much-neglected women of India she must have been FEDERATION IN INDIA a living illustration of what Christianity does for man and woman. The A FURTHER step toward the acpublic appearance of the Empress of complishment of the Federation India should prove a help to the work of the Churches of India was taken at of Christian missionaries among the a conference held at Jubbulpore last women and girls of India. summer. At the same place two The changes announced in the ad- years ago a basis for such a federa- ministration of India may also have tion was adopted. The six resolutions some influence for good upon the have been widely accepted by churches progress of Christianity. If it should and missions, which exprest wilIing- prove true that a member of the royal ness to enter such a federation, and family will occupy the place of Vice- sent delegates to the second confer- roy of India in future, Delhi may have ence of last August. The churches a real royal court again, and the represented were the Presbyterian quieting of revolutionary influences Church in India, the South India may result so that the missionaries United Church, the M. E. Church, the will find the doors more widely open. Friends, the Indian Mission of the The most important change ordered Disciples of Christ, the American Ma- by the newly crowned Emperor seems rathi Mission, the English Baptists, to be that which refers to Indian law and the Wesleyans. The U. P.

and administration. Hitherto, Great Church of North America was unoffi- Britain has followed the policy to rec- cially represented, while the Victorian ognize and follow the laws which it Baptists, the Scandinavian Alliance found in existence. They sanction Mission, and the Kurku and Central the pernicious caste system and the India Hill Mission approved of the child marriage and .allow the burning Federation, but sent no representa- of widows (which was forbidden by tives.

a special law, but is said to be carried The following resolution was on in secret), and other inhuman in- adopted: stitutions which degrade the people "The Federation shall not interfere morally and socially. Now the Em- with the existing creed of any church peror has ordered that the old relig- or society entering into its fellowship, ious books of India, the very sources or with its internal order or external

relations. But in accepting the prin- Shah has added to the distress, and ciple that the Church of God is one, some thirty towns near Hamadan are and that believers are the body of reported sacked. The famine has be- Christ and severally members thereof, come so acute that cannibalism is the federating churches agree to rec- said to be resorted to in some dis- ognize each other's discipline, and to tricts to satisfy hunger.

welcome members of other federating Russia is largely responsible for churches to Christian fellowship and these conditions, and the hearts of communion, while leaving each church the missionaries grow sick as they free to adopt such forms regarding see Persia's unhappy state and dark orders, ministry, and admission to outlook. The only hope is in God.

membership as it believes to be in ac- He can change the evil turn in the cordance with the teaching of Scrip- tide, and doubtless will in His own ture and the mind of Christ." I!ood time.

A Another resolution was adopted in- THE MEN OF THE SOUTHLAND viting churches which can not see WONDERFULLY inspiring con- their way to enter the Federation, to vention was that of the Lay- unite with the federating churches in men's Missionary Movement of the conferences for mutual help in the Southern Presbyterian Church in work. A committee was appointed to Chattanooga on February 6th, 7th carryon negotiations looking toward and 8th. As a result of the first such conferences with the non-federa- convention in Birmingham three years ting churches. ago, there have been many new mis- TROUBLES IN PERSIA sionaries and a large increase in the offerings of the Church. The Chat- PERSIA'S unhappy condition comes tanooga convention brought together both from internal weakness and over I,5oo representative men, nearly from external irritation by Russia 300 of whom were pastors. Two theo- and Great Britain. Mr. Shuster com- logical seminaries sent their whole plains that the jealousy of these two body of students.

powers hampered him and put an end In the addresses the delegates heard to his successful work of reorganizing of what others are doing, and were the Persian national financiers and encouraged by words of commenda- refilling- the national treasury so that tion. The history of the missionary the Government could institute and work of the Church was eloquently carry out reforms and improvements. reviewed by Dr. James 1. Vance, and He affirms that Great Britain and the various mission fields of to-day Russia prepared to keep Persia weak were reviewed as to their conditions and in debt for their own purpDses. and their needs.

Now famine has added its quota of Much emphasis was laid on train- ills to poverty; misrule and bloodshed. ing the future leadership of the The Kurds are ravaging the border- Church, but that which will live long- land, and ruining the crops, so that est in the memory of those present Turkey is joining in the work of is the elimax on the last night. Ever rendering Persia helpless. The re- since the Eirmingham Convention, the bellion under the brother of the ex- Church, largely through the Laymen's

Movement, has been laboring to fur- naries and colleges. Then the aunish an object-lesson by completely dience demanded its turn; in a few equipping its Korean field, both with moments pledges were made to send missionaries and with institutions. at least ten to the field as soon as With the exception of two physicians they could go. It was a thrilling and three teachers, this force has been scene, impossible to describe, but one provided and its support insured. which will never be forgotten by those The last fourteen missionaries met at who witnessed it.-JAS. LEWIS HOWE. Chattanooga, and after a portrayal of conditions in Korea, the departing A MILLION DOLLARS FOR MISSIONS missionaries came to the platform and were introduced to the audience. It THE United Presbyterian Church was a scene of great enthusiasm, ranks among the smaller ecclesimingled with emotion, as the Union Seminary quartet softly sang "Speed astical bodies, but stands near the Away, Speed Away, on Your Er- front for missionary zeal. As evirand of Light." dence, we note the following propo- sition which has been published: After the Korean band had been seated on one side of the platform, The Million-dollar Campaign pro- Rev. Motte Martin, of the Kongo poses a simultaneous every-member Mission, told the story of its needs; canvass in every congregation during the force depleted, the natives from the month of March, 1912, for a 300 miles away, begging in vain for weekly pledge for missions to be Bible teachers, and the native Church paid during the year beginning April praying for So more missionaries to I, 1912. The following schedule rebe sent. At the close of this ap- veals the possibilities for the campeal, Mr. Campbell White, knowing paIgn: that there were those present who had already volunteered for the Kongo, Per Week 26,000 asked those who would respond to 50 members at $10.00 …………. $ 78,000 this call to come to the platform. 300 members at 5.00 ………… . 208,000 Twenty-five men and four young 2,000 members at 2.00 ………… . 260,000 women came and stood there, eager 5,000 members at 1.00 ………… . 130,000 to go forth and win Central Africa 156,000 for Christ. Among these were some 5,000 members at .50 ………… . 156,000 of the choicest men from the semi- 12,000 members at .25 ………… . 78,000 30,000 members at .10 ………… . 41,600 30,000 members at .OS ………… . 40,000 members at .02 . ……….. .

124,350 $1,133,600 Leaving from 12,000 to 14,000 members not included in the above schedule.

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

BY .T. N. FARQUHAR, CALCUTTA, INDIA General Student Secretary, National Y. M. C. A., India ~. T HERE are two sides to pose so as to suit men at every most questions, but not stage of religious advancement. That there has been corruption during the often do we find such centuries is acknowledged, but these excrescences, it is alleged, can easily . a hopeless divergence be removed; and the faultless original , ~ of opinion as there exists at the present moment on the subject of the charac- faith will then remain.

ter and value of Hinduism. On the Since Hinduism is thus so great, its one side stand modern educated Hin- defenders declare that it is the best dus and the Theosophical Society, gathering center for all the religions who speak of Hinduism as one of of the world. Here all other faiths the greatest, probably the very great- can be harmonized and reconciled.

est, of all the religians. They say Certain considerable elements of this that it is spiritual through and most favorable judgment would be through; that it contains a most noble accepted by impartial European scholmoral system; and that in intellectual ars. The Hindu has many fine quo- subtlety and truth, and in spiritual tations at his finger ends from Miil- power, its philosophy stands supreme. ler, Deussen, Garbe, and others which They point to the myriads of monks he sets out to the best advantage to and hermits who have lived in India show that his estimate of the reas evidence that here more than in ligion is reasonable.

any other land the true spirit of as- On the other side there stand a ceticism has been manifested. They large number of Christian mISSIOnregard the forms of Hindu life as aries and a few scholarly writers almost perfect, since they hallow who, in varied terms and with vary- every element of the family, of so- ing emphasis, declare that, tho Hin- ciety, and of public life. They are duism contains a number of good bold enough even to deny that the things, it is yet one of the grossest worship of the common people in the of all religions. They characterize temples of the land is idolatrous, and the common religion of the people pronounce it lofty and spiritual. as idolatrous, ritualistic, superstitious, Images are only a means for helping often barbarous, and here and there the uneducated toward the real spiri- grossly filthy and immoraL They tual worship which they practise. The point out that the stories of the gods, whole system, whether the practise of and especially the histories of the the home, the worship of the priests incarnations of Vishnu, which hold or the ritual of the temple, is said to such a large place in the religion of be filled with rich meaning down to the people, are utterly unhistorical, the lowest details. The various as- sheer fabrications. The forms of pects of the faith, from the loftiest family and of social life in vogue philosophy down to the simplest among the Hindus are to these think- image worship, are explained as ers cruel in the extreme, inhuman, merely different expressions of the utterly condemnable, and the Brah- one inner spirit, varied of set pur- mans are the worst enemies of India.

While these writers recognize that view. Here we have one cause of the various forms of Hindu philoso- the difficulty of increasing missionary phy are exceedingly subtle and con- revenue. Now and then one sees an tain many striking suggestions, they article in which missionaries on furpoint out that, regarded as religion, lough are denounced as the greatest the philosophy is simply false, that liars on earth. It is thus time that it has rather hindered than helped an attempt were made to show clearly the progress of reform within Hin- where the truth lies. duism, and that it has been for many centuries one of the greatest bulwarks We begin with certain aspects of of the gross idolatry of the Hindu the religion which seem to favor the temple. Modern ascetics are con- Hindu claims. demned as dirty, ignorant, idle, often immoral, living on the charity of the The Beauties of Hinduism people and doing nothing for India. While the literature of Hinduism has (a) Hinduism as a system is based many high qualities, as literature, its on a belief in revelation. The Hindu general effect upon the mind of the lives under laws which he says were people is said to be exceedingly bad, directly revealed for the guidance of since it stands in the way of all re- his race. His religion is in no sense form, upholding the grossest abuses a rationalism. The people, like the of the family, society and the temple, Israelites, have always believed themand since large sections of it are selves to be holy, because born in a hideously immoral. holy race and purified by divinely appointed sacraments. Holiness and The chasm between these two purity, however formal the concepparties threatens to widen rather than tions may be, are regarded as the to narrow; for while there is a grow- very core of the religious life. ing movement among missionaries toward a sympathetic attitude toward . Every part of the Hindu system is the religions of India, the Hindu mediated by priests, who come of a party, on the other hand, have been race believed to have been created by steadily increasing their claims as to Heaven for the priestly office. Man the value of their religion. It is is acknowledged to be separated from clearly a matter of considerable mo- God and to need a God-appointed ment that the truth should become mediator. recognized; for, if the Hindus are wrong, the present flood of panegyric To the Hindu the family is a sais exceedingly unhealthy for the Hin- cred, a mystic community, to which du people; while, if the missionaries belong equally the dead, the living, are mistaken, their work will suffer and the unborn. The well-being of seriously from their wrong attitude all depends upon the reverent worto the religion they have to meet. ship of the dead, and the faithful We ought also to notice that the fulfilment of all duties, by the living feeling of the uninformed public of members. The father is head of the Europe and America tends to favor family, controlling its religion and its the Hindu rather than the missionary property, ruling his wife and all his male descendants and their families, and seeing to their welfare. The wife and the son, altho subject to the father, have each an honored place.

I9 I2 THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

The widow is the nun of the family. (c) The ideas that inspire Hindu Even the domestic cow is revered. asceticism are bold, far-reaching, not to say extravagant. No other land Society, no less than the family, is has gone so far as India in its condivine to the Hindu. The most promi- tempt for everything that appeals to nent characteristic of caste is its the senses. But the most amazing divinity: it is ordained of God in thing about it is its tremendous realevery detail. The purposes also ity, the fact that so many thousands which underlie the caste system are of men in all the centuries have flung of great importance and moral worth, themselves into the ascetic life and altho the means employed, to our have endured such self-denial and modern experience, are very far from such suffering as ordinary human nasatisfactory. The guarding of purity ture shrinks from. In modern times was probably the main aim in view in the movement has withered. There the formation of the system, purity is comparatively little seriousness in of food, of race, of custom and mo- it, and there is more show than sufrality. In the early days, when the fering. Yet even now it is with a caste system took form, no other sudden shock of surprize that one means was open to the people of the realizes how many thousands of men world than social exclusiveness. That and women live in nakedness, rags, was the method universally used in poverty, and dirt. The force of the the ancient world. In thinking of the belief behind it, that the ascetic is strength of caste feeling among mod- the only saint, is very great indeed. ern Hindus, all these facts must be kept in view, as well as the pride (d) The philosophy of India stands which plays so large a part to-day. apart from all other speculation. No- where else has intellectual thought eb) Despite its grossness and un- been so directly and for so long a time at the service of religion. The cleanness, the popular worship of the best Hindu philosophy is from first temples of India has for two millen- to last spiritual in aim, and in much niums given the ignorant masses of of its outworking it is spiritual also. the people a way to worship the In- Hence, while the Upanishads in cerfinite, an outlet for religious feeling, tain respects fall far behind Western and a place of hope in time of dire thought in devotional earnestness and trouble. They have felt their gods power, there is probably no other were with them. The blood-stained philosophic literature to match them. sacrifice, the noisy celebration of a With the rise of the Gita, Indian phigod's birthday, or the quiet offering losophy bec:ame connected with the of a few leaves and water, has been popular worships. In consequence, of real service in the piteous blind- multitudes of men, who otherwise ness of their quivering hearts. Tho would have had no touch with the they worship Gam~sa with the ele- best thought, have been introduced to phant head, or Kali, the Black, with philosophy. the projecting tongue, or some even more gruesome idol, •their priests (e) Not the least noticeable among have told them that their worship .is the religious groups of Hinduism are really received by the one God behind the many sects that teach incarnaall their images and ceremonies.

tion and bhakti,' and in many ways civilization, gave the people a certain they are the most healthy of all the standard of moral life and character· groups within the religion. The and the consciousness of belonging theology of these systems is usually to a great system and a great people.

very crude; yet we should acknowledge It is also certain that, apart from the that each one aims at theism, at spiritu- tenacity and strength of the caste and ality and an improved morality. It family system of Hinduism, the Hin- is clear from the literature that mul- du people in later ages would have titudes of men from every class have been cut to pieces and ground to been greatly helped in their religious powder by the successive invasions life by the doctrine of bhakti, a pas- from Central Asia. Instead of losing sion of devotion toward the Lord of their identity and their culture, they the sect. This doctrine was usually finally absorbed every group of for- associated with some rudimentary eigners except monotheists.

idea of salvation by faith. Thirdly, surely no Christian can There are three general considera- study Hinduism without being stirred tions which ought not to be over- to his very depths a thousand times looked in seeking to estimate the with the consciousness that most of value of Hinduism. the forms of this extraordinary r~­ The first is this, that the ascetic, ligion are essentially, eternally right, philosophic and bhakti movements in spite of all the degradation with were clearly inspired by spiritual which they are filled. The cult of motives and aspirations. They were the Persian Mithra, which won such founded by men who were not satis- remarkable success in the Roman fied with the ordinary Hinduism of army, had so many points of resem- the family, the priest and the temple, blance to Christianity tbat the early men who had a passionate desire for Christians declared that it must have release from the bondage of the been invented by the devil for the world, for knowledge of God, for purpose of entrapping souls. The re- some sort of living fellowship with semblance between Hinduism and the Divine. The literature of these . Christianity is in many ways far movements and the institutions they deeper and more real. In form, at have created are clear proof of the least, one can find as many parallels lofty aims and the self-sacrificing in Hinduism to Christianity as in purpose of the great leaders. ancient Judaism. How powerful, then, The Success of Hinduism must be the influence of these forms The second point to be noted is the upon the minds of Hindus.

tremendous success which the Hindu The Errors of Hinduism scheme as a whole has won in India.

The Aryan immigrants were but as 'vYe now reverse the shield and a small quantity of leaven amid the begin to look at numerous details in thronging tribes of the Indian penin- Hindu life and worship which have sula. Yet the Brahmans, with their not yet come within our survey.

social and theological system, organ- ( a) We begin with this, that altho ized practically the whole popula- the forms of the Hindu system are tion, covered the peninsula with their admirable in many ways, the content!

HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF

are simply pagan. The ceremonial of men that this symbol suggests no evil the daily prayers, of the domestic passion or unclean idea to the wor- sacraments, of the temple worship shipers, and that statement must be and of the great festivals is purely accepted as far as possible; yet the external, the value of the whole de- fact remains that India is the last pending on the ritual correctness of remaining civilized country that worword and deed. ships a phallic symbol to-day. These objects of worship were once almost The worship of the people is idola- universal throughout the world, but trous from beginning to end. This with the spread of civilization they is true, even of the followers of the have disappeared. There were abunphilosophies, of modern ascetics, and dance of such things in Japan sixty of the Bhakti sects as well. Worship years ago; but when the awakening is not offered to the incomprehensible came they were swept out of exist- Atman, the impersonal God of Hindu ence. It is scarcely comprehen ,ibl:, philosophy. It is Kali, Siva, Rama, how the modern Hindu can have his Krishna, Ganesa, Hanuman, or some little daughter go to the temple and other member of the innumerable be taught the meaning of what she pantheon that is adored. The di- sees in the shrines of Siva. No vinity is believed to be present in the amount of philosophic mystification image; to the god present in the can whitewash this horrible practise. image the Hindu offers his worship and his oblation; to him he makes There is much actual licentiousness his petition. This cult is identical wrapt up in the literature and reboth in spirit and in method with the ligion of India. Large parts of the use of images among the ancient Sanskrit M ahabharata are foul in the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and extreme, and certain of the vernacu- Romans. To say that it is not idol- lar versions of both epics are exceedatry is simply a gross misuse of lan- ingly immoral. A great deal of the guage. literature of Krishnaism is erotic and very unclean. Many of the Tantras Those who have not wandered are unfit for publication. We do not about India and watched the people refer to casual references to sexual at their devotions can have little idea matters such as are found in the how monstrous and degrading the greatest literature of all nations, but objects of worship are. While all the to narratives filled with sensualism great gods are represented as anthro- and evil suggestion. It is no wonder, pomorphic, there is scarcely one of therefore, that one group of the Sakthem that has not some monstrous tas who use the Tantras and certain feature; and the vast majority of the Krishnaite sects make sexual immoobjects of Hindu worship are not rality a part of their worship. These even human: they are animals, de- facts about the literature make one mons, devils, evil spirits, stones, trees external fact less amazing than it and sllch like. There is one other would otherwise be, namely this, that fact that must be frankly stated here. there are attached to most of the The commonest of all objects of wor- great temples of southern India bands ship throughout India is the lingam of prostitutes who are known as of Siva. We are told by competent

servants of the god, and who do now Vishnu and Siva actually appeared in and then take part in the worship human life. Yet even the tales of with song and dance, but whose real Krishna and Rama as avatars of occupation is very different. Scouts Vishnu, by far the noblest parts of are sent out throughout the country Vishnuism, are mythological from be- to seek out and buy, for this horrible ginning to end. Every scholar ac- life, girl babies who are not wanted knowledges the fact. The question where they have been born. is never even discust.

There are a number of customs Again, these systems are hopelessly prescribed in the inspired legal litera- vicious in this way, that no one of ture of Hinduism and still practised them is a true monotheism. Siva or in every Hindu household, which are Vishnu, Rama or Krishna, whichever simply savage survivals. For example, it may be, is simply one of the mul- a dead body, a new-born child and titude of Hindu gods, selected by a its mother, must not be touched, as certain sect, and by them raised to they are unclean and will pollute any the dignity of the Supreme. But person who touches them. For this while one sect acclaims Krishna, an- reason, when a pregnant woman's other shouts in favor of Rama, and time comes, she is placed in some a third crowns Siva; and whichever shed or barn never used for human is raised to the proud position, his habitation, or in a hut specially wife and children share his glory, and erected for the purpose, and is not all the other gods of the Hindu pan- allowed to enter any room of the theon retain their old positions around house until a certain number of days him, and are recognized as his friends have elapsed. In the funeral service and relatives. Honored modern schol- a ball of rice and hopey is offered, ars have deliberately used the word which the spirit of the dead man is monotheism of one or other of these believed to eat, and from which he systems. We would respectfully sub- is believed to develop the material mit that, from the point of view of body which he requires in the other honest thinking, that is a very grave world. In the memorial services for misuse of language. The fact that the dead, a similar ball is offered to idolatry is found in every Bhakti sect the spirit of each departed ancestor. is further proof, if proof were needed, All this is pure savage superstition. that we have here no true monothe- The contents of the traditional Hindu ism, but merely a rearrangement of system are pagan. the divinities of Hindu polytheism.

(b) While the Bhakti sects of (c) Similarly the great aims which modern time are probably the noblest gave birth to Hindu asceticism and products of the Hindu spirit, yet their philosophy do not save these systems system is altogether impossible to from fatal defects which make them modern minds. The power which the totally unfit for acceptance to-day. If incarnations of Vishnu or the theo- the ideas which underlie the Ve- phanies of Siva exercise over the danta and the life of ancient Hindu hearts of modern Hindus arises alto- monks were really, actually, true, we gether from the belief that they are should be driven, by the sheer neces- historical, from the conviction that sity of honest logic, to demand that

THE HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS OF HINDUISM

all marriage should cease, that all poison which has worked through all men, women and children should give the centuries in the Hindu family, up family and social life, should re- producing in turn polygamy, infanti- tire to the deserts and forests, and cide, the refusal of education to girls, live in complete renunciation of so- child marriage, the prohibition of ciety, civilization, business, art, and widow marriage, the burning of worship, until the human race had widows, and the zenana system.

vanished from the face of our planet. (e) The frightful wrongs of caste, Either the implications of the Ve- which are now so widely recognized danta and the ideals of Hindu asceti- as immoral and inimical to national cism are true, and therefore healthy life by Hindus, similarly spring from for every human being, or else they the very center of the Hindu system.

are false. It is in the doctrine of transmigration There is one fact which is quite that the conception of caste finds its sufficient to destroy absolutely the ground. According to that doctrine, claim of the Vedanta to be worthy of men, when they return to the world, comparison with Christianity. The are at many various stages of spiri- God of the Vedanta is outside and tual progress, and the caste into which above morality. To the ancient mind each is born is precisely the social this seemed to be an essential element stage for which his spiritual condi- in the conception of the Absolute. To tion fits him. Thus, you can not root speak of the eternal God as moral out the caste system, with all its would have seemed to the early lIin- inhuman abuses, until you have rooted du to be a degradation of the Su- out transmigration.

preme to the level of a man. But Final Conclusions Judaism and Christianity have given the world from revelation that which We are thus brought to two final the philosophers were never able to conclusions with regard to this really give from speculation, the concept of great and fascinating religion. The the Supreme as essential!y moral and first is that the Hindu system, as a the source of the moral law. To ac- system, is hopelessly pagan through cept to-day a theology which does and through, fast bound to ritualistic not contain that priceless element polytheism, idolatry and savage su- would be as absurd as to accept a perstition, and yet that this hopeless science which does not insist upon system is shot through and through the constant consultation of nature. with innumerable lines of light, which (d) It is of the greatest importance have helped to guide myriads of to realize that the grievous wrongs souls throughout the centuries, and which the Hindu family system im- which as honest men we must ac- poses on women are not external knowledge and give their legitimate abuses which can be readily removed place to.

by a slight reform. The Hindu family The second conclusion is that as- is founded on ancestor worship, which <;eticism, philosophy, and the modern in every land has made the father the Bhakti sects have each and all arisen lord of the family and has depre- in response to a passionate desire for ciated woman. This is the ancient a truly spiritual religion, and have

each displayed an amollnt of spiritual the gross after a pattern. Further, wealth, but that all are to-day com- the real truth that is in Hinduism plete failures, because they have not ought to be preserved; and the pow- risen above the primeval conception erful inspiration of the saints and of God as nonl1loral, and Lave not heroes of former times must be saved shaken themselves free frOl1l the an- for the people of India. cient Brahmanical system with its poisonous doctrines of transmigration Strangely enough, as soon as we and ancestor-worship and its myriad begin to think of Christianity alongpagan elements. side of Hinduism, a most remarkable correspondence begins to make itself Hinduism every clear-eyed scholar felt. Nearly all the forms of ancient acknowledges to be a very great re- Hindu life reappear, transfigured, in ligion; yet it is hopelessly unfit for Christianity. There is not a spiritual the modern world or for man's high- aspiration exprest in the Upanishads, est needs. Nothing can save it from in the philosophies, in asceticism, or destruction. But while we unhesita- in the Bhakti theologies, that does not tingly condemn it as unfit for modern find perfect spiritual satisfaction in men, we ought as frankly to acknowl- Jesus Christ. While His Spirit will edge that the ancient system could tolerate nothing that is unworthy of scarcely have been other than it was. His Heavenly Father and the high The Brahmans built amazing well destiny of His human brothers, He with the materials they had: it was can take the nobiest elements of Hinscarcely their fault that better mate- du thought and fill them with a spiririals were not available. tual content which will satisfy the thirst of India, unquenched. so long. While Hinduism is destined to pass away, it will not disappear com- The correspondence between the pletely. Modern investigation has two faiths is very remarkable. There taught us that a change of religion are points of contact, it is true, benever makes a c0mplete break. There tween Mohammedanism and Hinduis always continuity of religious life ism, but they are trivial compared in some degree. It is impossible to with the relationships between the destroy men's minds and to recreate Gospel of Christ and the higher ideals them in a new shape. However po- of India. The human mind and hutent the new faith may be, it has to man needs are everywhere one. The work with the men who were created Hindu people, who possess remarkby the old system. Especially in the able religious gifts, have worked out case of a really mighty and pervasive into society and theology far more religion, such as Hinduism is, it fully than any other people the eswould be folly to expect that it will sential religious aspirations of the not color the future faith of the coun- human mind. Christianity is the one try. Nor ought we to desire such a faith which can give final spiritual thing. God does not desire to iron satisfaction to those needs of man the human race fiat, to smooth alit all which have received such vivid exnational differences, to make men by pression in Hinduism.

BRITISH MILITARY CAMP NEAR EANNU) ON THE BORDER OF AF"GHANISTAN

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER BY DR. T. L. PENNELL, BANNU, U. W. F. P., INDIA Author of "Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier"

WO British officers~ considerable freedom in the matter of managing their own affairs acmT were on the march in cording to tradition while restrain- the Tochi Valley, in ing them from tribal warfare, and from the grosser crimes of murder July, 1911. This val- and highway robbery. ley is one of those ~ highroads of commerce One of the two officers mentioned was the engineer in charge of the which connect Central Asia and road, and with him was a Hindu sub- overseer. Along the road were gangs Afghanistan with British India. The of coolies at work repairing the damage done by the rains and the tribes on the neighboring mountains mountain streams. These coolies were drawn from the tribes of the are independent and have never ac- valley itself, and from neighboring tribes of fanatical Afghans, whose knowledged allegiance to any ruler. mullahs were constantly filling their minds with religious hatred and were The British have, however, built a teaching them that the murder of a Christian officer would be a most good metalled cart-road along the meritorious act, and that if they themselves should lose their lives in vaney, and have established military posts from the point where the val- ley first leaves the plains of India up to the head of the pass, eighty miles farther on, and 5,000 feet higher up. Here they administer the valley area, not exactly according to the penal code of India, but by the compromise of allowing the tribes

consequence, an immediate entrance Hindu widow was left to weep in into the joys of Paradise was await- Dannu. ing them. In this episode we have an example As the officers made their tour of of the old fanaticism still burning in inspection a coolie would often run the hearts of the Afghans in COI11up to the engineer in charge of the parison with the new ideals growing road with a petition for the removal up in the minds of those who have of some real or imagined grievance, learned "the larger hope, the kindor for some pay kept back by an un- lier hand," and who in the comradescrupulous contractor, or for an in- ship of East and West have been crease of pay. ready to risk and lose their own lives for the Christians, whom at one time The two officers were in a cart, the they misunderstood and hated. engineer and his overseer seated behind, and when they saw one of the How are our frontier missions workers on the road running after striving to bring about this change? them they thought one of these motives had actuated some petitioner. Ring out the slowly dying cause The engineer, therefore, ordered the And ancient forms of party strife; coachman to stop the cart. It was Ring in the nobler modes of life only when the man had overtaken With sweeter manners, purer laws. them that the engineer saw a long Afghan knife flash out from under The old trinity of "teaching, preachthe man's cloak as he made a lunge ing, and healing" are now, as ever, at him. There was no time to draw the marching orders of the Christian the revolver which was lying by his missionary, but the outward forms in side on the seat of the cart, but a which these are carried out vary with kick out into the man's face parried place and time. The teaching is fothe blow. In another moment the cused in our schools, the healing in Hindu overseer (who had been a our hospitals and medical work, and student in the Bannu School) had preaching pervades both, besides beleapt out of his seat on top of the ing used in the bazaars of the cities, man, and they fell together into the or in itinerating among the villages of roadway, the Afghan underneath. the plain and in the scattered hamlets There they lay for a moment grap- of the hills. pling with each other. The two English officers jumped down, seized and But underlying all is one great pinioned the man, but the Hindu lay principle, that of contact. The mere motionless; they raised him and mechanical contact of master with found to their dismay a gaping pupil, of doctor with patient, leads to wound on the right side, where the nothing and bears no fruit in the assassin's knife had pierced the over- spiritual sphere, but there is the seer's liver and inflicted a mortal closer, more vital, contact of heart wound. They lifted him tenderly to heart, of one living, throbbing, into the cart, but before they could sympathizing spirit touched with the reach the post and obtain medical love of Christ, fired with the Spirit assistance life had fled and another of God, with a longing, hoping, hun- gry soul, for whom Christ yearns and for whom He died. School work, hospital ward work, itineration. dis-

EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

rATIENTS WA fTING OUTSIDe THE oPERATING ROOM AT n ANN U pensing and preaching are all valuable schools and colleges, however sucbecause fraught with opportunities cessful our medical work! of this kind. In the school-room and the wards the barrier that parts soul The Afghans have a tradition that from soul disappears like a wall of ice one of their ancestors having sinned, in the dog days, and the heart makes God saw fit to punish him with a known its needs and aspirations. ban that should descend to all his How constantly we missionaries are generations. "From this time forth reminded that the outward mechan- there will always be discord in your isms of our work are useless, or mere family." "How, then," ask the Afencumbrances unless the Spirit of ghans, "can you expect us to forego God is thus working from heart to the blood feuds and tribal quarrels heart and thus drawing all to Him- which decimate our young men and self! How humiliating this thought weaken our nation before its eneis to our human pride when we feel mies? It is all ordained by fate." that unless our own hearts are in tune with the great God of Love, and A certain tribe on the Bannu borunless our lives are fashioned after der lost a camel last spring. They Him who took upon Himself the traced the footprints along the riverform of a servant, that He might beds, through the jungles, over the bear our shame, then we are hin- mountain sides, till they came to the drances to the progress of His King- lands of the next tribe. Here they dom, however crowded our high lost it. In such a case it becomes the duty of that tribe either to follow lip the trace into the lands of some

other tribe, or to deliver up the cdmcl der died they were willing to C0111or its value in cash. In this case pound for the wounded by a money the tribe denied all responsibilIty, and payment. If not-then blood for refused compensation. The trackers blood. left, vowing retaliation. On the way back they passed a yoman of the re- It is one of the articles in -the calcitrant tribe gathering firewood. tribal code of honor that the mission They seized her and carried her off. hospital is neutral ground, on which The news soon spread and the warriors there must be no retaliation. Still of her tribe seized their rifles, buckled l'athans are quick-tempered, and on their cartridge belts, and started when they come to words swords in pursuit. They reached a ridge are soon drawn, so we thought better overlooking a ravine on the other to put the other wounded in a reside of which were the trackers ma- mote part of the hospital, where they king off with the woman. Both sides would not see much of the first party. took cover and opened fire. One of The last two arrivals soon recovered the trackers fell dead, shot through and were discharged, but it was not the head; his brother, standing by until after months of suffering and him, took ailTl at the man who had fever that the broken shoulder shot him, and shattered his shoulder. mended and we were able to dis- Two more of the trackers were shot, charge the man with a fairly useful one through the side and one through arm. the leg. They then left the woman and carried off their dead and As each of the wounded had sevwounded. eral stalwarts to attend and nurse him, we had many opportunities of The next morning a blood-stained preaching the Gospel to the men of litter was brought into the mission those two tribes, men who would hospital by a party of travel-worn have scorned to listen to it but for tribesmen; on it was the man with a the mission hospital. Here their shattered shoulder. He had a terrible hearts were softened, and they promwound, but we hoped to save the ised to lay aside their animosities at arm, and soon the wounded man and least for a season, and before the his attendants were comfortably last man left the hospital we had the housed in one of our "family wards." oatisfaction of knowing that the two The wound was cleaned and drest tribes were once more, at least outand some medicine was administered wardly, on a friendly footing. to relieve the excessive pain,- made so much worse by a night-long journey On another occasion of tribal warover rough mountain roads. fare, one side brought their wounded down to Bannu, where they were ad- The next morning another party mitted to our wards, but the other arrived with two litters, containing side, on hearing this, were unwilling the two wounded men of the other to run the risk of being treated in tribe. Their wounds were not so such close proximity to their foes. serious as that of the first man, but They wished, however, to be under one of their number had been killed. our care, so they took their wounded If the man with the shattered shoul- to our outstation at ThaI, where they were admitted into the Lord Roberts

I9121 MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

Hospital. On the occasions of our story, which is related ill 111y book,* visits there they would slyly ask after is repeated here because the poor the progress of the wounded foes, man has just returned to see me, and inwardly hoping that mortification or lockjaw or some such thing might DR . P 2 NNELL AND T HE AFGH AN WHO WAS BL[NDED have supervened, and asking with BY HIS ENEMIES feeling, "Have you not had to ampu- tate so-and-50's leg?" another chim- I had his photograph taken on the ing in with " It was I who shot him.'· hospital veranda. He is resigned, bllt still lamen ts that he has no SOI1 In the autumn of 1907 a fine, stal- to revenge his loss. wart W azir was brought to the Bannu Mission Hospital in a pitiable A few month s back a Wazir state; both of his eyes had been mountaineer was carried down to our slashed out and utterly blinded with hospital on a bed, with severe frac- a knife. His story was that his tures of the rig ht arm and right enemies came on him unexpectedly in thigh. Some Mahud robbers had his cottage one day, beat his wife fallen on the village flocks and driven into insensibility, tied him to a bed, some of them away. Alarm was and then deliberately destroyed his given in the village, and a party set eyes with a knife. His wife came to off in pursuit. This man was one the hospital with him, suffering from of the pursuers, and in his haste he severe contusions and some broken had left his rifle and had taken only ribs, and we put them both into one of our small "family wards"-so • "Among the Wil<l Tribes of the Afghan F ran· called becau se father, mother, and tier," Chapter V. children, if there be any, can alI stop together fo r treatment. It was pain- ful to have to tell him that he would never see again, and still more pain- ful to hear him as he piteously said, "0, sahib, if you can give me some sight only j ust long enough to go and shoot my enemy, then I shall be satisfied to be blind all the rest of my life." It could not be. His lot would probably become that of the numerous blind beggars that throng Eastern bazaars, for who would plow his land now, or speak for him in the village council? From pure pity . we kept him a few weeks that he might hear the story of the Gospel, of good will and forgiveness, but he would shake hi s head and sig h, "No, that teaching is not for us. . What I want is revenge-revenge!" This

a sword. They came up with the mind inconsistent with the attitude marauders, who promptly took cover of l'Iohammedans toward Christ and behind some rocks, and opened a fu- the Gospel. Before making his dif- sillade. He was shot in the arm, and ficulties known to us he came several the sword fell to the ground. He times to listen to the preaching in the picked it up with the left arm, and out-patient department of the hos- dashed on to the rocks, where the pital. Then he asked for a Gospel, enemy was in hiding, but before he and came for instruction. He was so could reach them another shot shat- quickly entranced by the life of tered his thigh, and he fel! helplessly Christ, and so rapidly threw off the to the ground. As soon as his fellow prejudices of Islam, that we were villagers found leisure from the pur- very soon able to admit him as a suit, they brought him in to us, hoping catechumen. He seemed to make up he would still be fit to fight another his mind almost at once that he had day. solved the difficulties so long troub- The Bannu Mission has not been ling him, and had found peace and without some remarkable converts. happiness in the transcendence of Some are working with us, some are Christ. He wrote to the people in holding government appointments, whose mosque he had been officiating, one was martyred for his faith, all telling them that he had given up have suffered to a greater or less de- Islam for Christ, and that they should gree for it. Some have gone out to arrange for another priest to read foreign lands to preach the Gospel prayers for them. He would spend which once they despised. Others, a great part of the day studying the sad to relate, have stood for a whiie, New Testament, with all the zeal and but when persecution came, have interest of one who has just dis- fallen away and apostatized. covered a new treasure. He would One recent convert, we hope, may have copies in Hindustani, Persian some day become an apostle to his and Pushtu, comparing one with an- own people. M. A. K. was a mullah, other, and using one to elucidate dif- and the Imam (priest) of a town not ficult passages in another, and when far from Bannu. Unlike a majority he came to a passage he could not of the mul1ahs, he studied the mean- understand, or a difficulty he could ing of the text of the Gwia'n, and not solve, resorting straightway to spent some thought on the signifi- me or the catechist for help. Even cance of its teaching. He found that when busy in the hospital, or with considerably more was said in that visitors, one could not help putting book in extolling Christ than in the aside one's work for a few minutes praise of any other prophet, Moham- when one saw him coming up with med included. He found the epithet beaming face and open book in hand; of "Spirit of God" given to Christ, and his genuine delight when the while Mohammed received the epi- passage had been satisfactorily ex- thet of merely "Prophet of God," and plained and his sincere and simple the other great prophets similarly faith were abundant reward.

came far below Christ in their ap- After a few month's instruction we pellations. All this seemed to his were able to accede to his earnest

MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN FRONTIER

desire for baptism, and he dropt the as well as three or four outstations name of Muhammad for that of in connection with each of these. Paulus, as we hoped that one day The Central Asian Mission has be- he might follow in the steps of that gun work at Mardin, in the Peshagreat apostle, and go forth to preach wur district. At each of these places to his fellow countrymen. there is a native church, composed He is now being prepared, not GUL KANINA AND HIS GRANDMOTHE& only by study, but in the school of persecution' and hardship. partly of Afghan converts and partly of Indians who have come up to The life histories of many re- these parts in either mission or govmarkable converts have been recorded ernment service. in various mIssIonary periodicals. There was Dilawer Khan, first a Peshawur being the capital of the robber chieftain, then a native of- province, is the most fully equipped. ficer in the Regiment of Guides, and It has a mission college, teaching up finally martyred in the snows of Chi- to the B.A. degree of the Punjab tral; there was Abdul Karim, a con- University, and there are four Engvert of Kandahar, who attempted to lish graduates on its staff. There preach the Gospel in Afghanistan, are mission high schools in Peshabut was imprisoned and tortured in wur, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan. Kandahar, and at last murdered near In these boys are prepared for the Kabul; there was Syed Badshah, a matriculation examination of the unimullah of Brannu, who, after a short versity. The largest school is at but faithful service, was murdered Bannl1, in which more than 650 boys in his bed one night at Eannu; there study. All these institutions have was Nazirullah, a convert of Quetta, enticed across the frontier by his own relations, and then done to death; these and many others have suffered for their faith and not been ashamed, and have passed to their reward and the Master's "Well done!" There are many more now witnessing for their Lord, not only in the frontier mission stations on the borders of Afghanistan, but some, too, who have gone forth to other lands as Afghan missionaries of the Cross, to Burma, to Bengal, to the Persian Gulf, to Arabia, and even to East Africa.

There are two societies at present working on the Afghan frontier, the principal being the Church Missionary Society, which has large and fully equipped missions at Peshawur, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan and Quetta,

hostels in connection with them, for When work was first started on students who come from the more this frontier it was difficult if not distant parts of the district. They perilous for the missionary to itineare under the direct supervision of rate in the villages. Now matters European missionaries, and no greater have so far changed that a medical opportunities could be afforded for missionary at least gets a cordial welinfluencing and educating the best come wherever he goes. Almost any spirits of the rising generation than village that we enter is the home of the close contact of missionary and some of our old patients, and one student in class-room, in playground, or other of these comes running out and in hostel. to meet us, and becomes our guard and our guide, and even our host, as There are mission hospitals at long as we care to stop there. More- Peshawur, Hannt1, Dera Ismail Khan over, he will gain a hearing from and Quetta, and subsidiary dispens- the other people for our message, aries at most of the outstations. At introducing us as old friends. Our these hospitals during the year 1910 hospital in Bannu was begun in the no less than 236,167 visits were paid autumn of 1893 with a small ward by outpatients; 5,008 were treated for twelve patients. Work rapidly as in-patients in the hospital wards, increased, and patients flocked in and 10,182 operations were per- from every quarter, and we graduformed. At all the hospitals at least ally added to our accommodations as one but generally several Gospel ad- funds permitted, till, at the present dresses are given daily to the out- time, we have beds for seventy papatients, while those in the ward tients. So far, however, is this from have the benefit of regular services adequately meeting our wants, that and systematic teaching, not to speak during a good part of last winter we of the atmosphere of Christian sym- had as many as 150 patients in the pathy and service by which they are hospital at one time, and this altho surrounded. Quite a large propor- we refused cases that were not really tion of both in- and out-patients are urgent, admitting only those that remen and women who have come from quired operation, or had come from over the border, and from Afghani- great distances. Besides this, some stan itself, for medical and surgical of our old wards were cheaply built treatment. 'When these return to of mud-brick for temporary necessity, their far distant homes, they retail and urgently require rebuilding, We to their friends in town and village have prepared plans and estimates stories not only of the kind treatment for new wards to cost 12,000 ($10,- they have received, but of the teach- 000). The Church Missionary Soing they have heard. Others take ciety is totally unable to give any asback with them portions of Scrip- sistance toward these buildings, as, ture in Pushtu or Persian, and these owing to its present financial diffiare read and studied privately in culties, it is even curtailing its grants many a mosque and home. To do so to existing work. Weare, therefore, publicly would mean persecution and compelled to appeal for this sum to loss, as the reader would come under those interested in our mission. suspicion of being a possible convert.

I2 ] MEDICAL EXPERIENCES ON THE AFGHAN

When this building is ready, our door is opened to Afghanistan itself women patients will be able to be and to other countries also. housed in an entirely separate building, and this of itself will bring us In some places, where people are many women who can not now come l·icher and more civilized than in to a hospital where complete "pur- Bannu, medical missionaries are able dah" arrangements are not carried largely to support their work through out. I t is often heartrending to be their fees. In Bannu we encourage those who are able, to pay for their A :-OOTBALL TEAM IN THE CHURCH lrUSSION lilGH SCHOOL, BANNU compelled to turn away patients medical attendance or treatment; but through want of space, and when our even so, the amount that we are able wards are completed we hope that to raise is quite inadequate. The the influence of our hospital on both people, on the whole, are poor, and sides of the border will be much the hill tribes have never been in the increased. Moreover, our base hos- habit of paying for their requirepitals are training grounds for con- ments, tho sometimes grateful paverts and other agents whom we are tients bring gifts in kind, as wheat, preparing to become missionaries to flour, eggs, fruit, and milk, which are their own people, and, as soon as the used in the hospital commissariat.

PRAYER HUNG UP IN OPERATING-ROOM OF A CHINESE MISSION HOSPITAL "All powerful Lord of Heaven! This Thy child who is before Thee is sick. VVe, Thy servants, ask Thee for skilful hands and for wisdom to relieve his pain and cure his body, in order th at some day he may understand the love and mercy of his Heavenly Father and return thanks to Thee and come to serve Thee. We ask it all in the name of Tesus Christ the Savior. Amen !"- L .M. S .

AND GOVERNMENT IN

BY B. C. BARBER General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A.. Calcutta NE may wonder that a Queen in her Proclamation of 1858, LOl man like Lord Curzon which says: "Firmly relying our- should say that the selves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with gratitude . East was unlikely to the solace of religion, we discla:im alike the right and the desire to im- ~ accept Christianity be- pose our convictions on any of our cause the religions of Asia gave an intelligible theory of the revelations of God to man which subjects. We declare it to be our satisfied the Oriental, and that there royal will and pleasure that none be was something in Christianity hostile in anywise favored, none molested to the self-consciousness of the East. or disquieted by reason of their re- Weare very glad, however, that he ligious faith or observances, but that did not say this as an Indian official. all shall alike enjoy the equal and Other words of this same ruler while impartial protection of the law, and in India came perilously near violating we do strictly charge and enjoin all the principle of religious neutral- those who may be in authority under ity, but it is not often that officials us that they abstain from all intercan be so accused. On the other hand, ference with the religious belief or men in high position have recognized worship of any of our subjects, on the great value of the work of the pain of our highest displeasure."

ITIlSSlOnary. So great an authority as Thus, government officers are fora Secretary of State once wrote in bidden to use their official position his report: "Missionaries have fre- in aid of any religious propaganda, quently addrest the Indian Govern- and most missionaries approve of ment on important social questions this principle. Sir Andrew Fraser, involving the welfare of the native in his new book, "India's Rajahs and community, and have suggested valu- Ryots," refers to it thus: "I have able improvements in existing laws." never consciously favored Christian Sir Andrew Fraser says, "To me it or Hindu or Mohammedan for his has always appeared intensely un- creed, and I have never used my satisfactory to find a government of- official influence in any way to under- ficer and a missionary standing aloof mine or change the faith of any man. from one another and regarding one But I have never regarded the prin- another with suspicion and dislike." ciple of neutrality as involving in- But this attitude is the exception, and difference or opposition to religion." on the whole most cordial relations prevail. The opinion of such an eminent of- ficial as Sir John Lawrence will be But that ideal relations or condi- worth listening to: "It is not postions do not exist is clear. sible to introduce Western learning Religious Neutrality and science into India without lead- The Edinburgh commission suggests ing its people to throw off their faith.

a "searching inquiry" into this point. If this position be correct surely we Does it or do we wish to recede from are bound to give them facilities for the position taken up by the late acquiring a knowledge of the true faith." "Vie believe that the for administering justice. In· many Bible is true, that it is the only means ways they were distinctly not neutral of salvation. Surely we should lend but favored the heathen religions and our influence in making it known to discriminated against Christianity.

our subjects. In respect to One would like to say this attitude teaching the Bible in government has long since passed away, but it is schools and colleges, such teaching not beyond the memory of many of ought to be offered to all those who us here to-night when a high official may be willing to receive it. But in India on more than one occasion we ought not to render attendance urged the adherents of nonchristian on such Bible classes compulsory or religions to stick to their old religi- obligatory." ous beliefs. Of such neutrality, it Such an idea as this is not an anti- has been said that it stands up so quated one, for Sir Mackworth straight that it leans over backward.

Young, in a lenten address on for- "The reiteration and enforcement of eign missions, in Cornhill, in 1902, neutrality has been good if only to speaking of the reason why in God's do away with favoritism to nonchris- providence such power had been tian religions." For my own part 1 given to the British in the East, said: have often tried to imagine where "No true believer in Jesus Christ will India would be to-day if there had fail to give the reply-that Christ been no neutral position, and if may be made known through the Christian rulers had governed as if length and breadth of the land. India they recognized the great benefits has been subordinated to us in order which had accrued to the British that we may communicate to her the Empire or other Christian countries secret of our own preeminence." from accepting Christianity. I be- These few words are sufficiently lieve India herself would have wel- weighty to show that all were not comed a less neutral attitude than and are not of one mind with regard that which she has experienced at to neutrality, and that a fairly liberal our hands.

interpretation might with justice be The Educational Situation placed upon the law. The policy of The Government has been unable to religious neutrality was inherited do all it desired for the education of from the Old John Company of pre- the people, owing to lack of funds. vious days. This was, however, more Many missions, as well as private in theory than practise, for the gov- individuals, have been willing to co- ernment of India as late as 1840 was operate with government in this re- contributing Rs. 53,000 annually to gard, and to expend large sums of the Puri Temple, and helped by money in permanent equipment and grants in many other cases. From a recurring expenses for the privilege Christian memorial presented to Par- of making education an end in itself nament in 1857 we find that idolatry as well as a means to the end of was subsidized, some of its immodest imparting religious instruction and rites attended by government of- of building up character in the youth ficials as the nautch is even to-day, of India. The government has hitherand caste arrangements recognized to welcomed this help and has made

grants-in-aid to such institutions, en- model high schools. This, they afabling them in many cases to do a firm, is to bl;! the beginning of a very efficient work. All such institu- scheme which will be applied to every tions have been under government district of the PreSidency. Such a inspection, but have been left entirely plan will mean (I) the prevention of free with regard to religious instruc- cooperation and the discouragement tion. of private effort by drawing away pupils to these model high schools. Thirty years after the Despatch of Thus, government becomes a competi- 1854, when the Commission of 1882 tor and not a helper; (2) it will remade its report, the Government was quire a very large increase in exmore in favor of private Indian effort penditure and will benefit a comparaas opposed to missionary agency. A tively small proportion. Missionary strong reason set forth for withdraw- education is only half as expensive ing was that private effort could as that given in government instiintroduce religious instruction which tutions; (3) it will prevent the imwas strongly desired. But it seems parting of religious instruction since to me that to say "that withdrawal government must remain neutral. Sir of departmental agency should not ~rthur Lawley, Governor of Madras, take place in favor of missionary said in December last, at the openbodies" is an unjust discrimination ing of the new C. L. S. building in against the Christian religion and a Madras, "I may say that we look violation of the principle of neutral- l1pon missionaries in this country as ity. Lord Curzon's Reform Policy our stalwart and valuable allies in of 1904 reaffirms the policy of with- that great branch of administration drawal, but adds: "The Government which is exciting so much interest of India at the same time recognize just now, viz., Education." Other the extreme importance of the prin- officials have affirmed their warm ciple that in each branch of educa- feeling for missionary educatior; and tion, government should maintain a missionary work, but notwithstanding limited number of institutions, both all this we need to be watchful that as models for private enterprise to our birthright is not divided or follow and in order to uphold a high snatched away altogether. Governstandard of education." Many have ment control is growing, and, from grave fears that this is contrary in all indications, will continue to do its actual operation to the policy of so. As Indians are given greater withdrawal, and that it may prove a power in legislative concerns the great menace to missionary educa- rights and privileges of missions may tion. As a matter of fact, govern- be curtailed. As educational reforms ment seems to be changing front in are making for greater efficiency the many points which will make it dis- enlarged expenditure is being thrust tinctly harder for missionary effort. in too great a proportion upon the In the Madras Presidency, the gov- mission school. ernment declared their purpose to take over from district and municipal One word with regard to teaching boards the management of nineteen religious and ethical ideals in schools secondary schools and to make them and colleges. Neither government,

nor Hindus, nor Mohammedans are Here little can be done and the Chris- satisfied with neutrality. Students tian must suffer, and show by his are given to insubordination, to ta- calm fortitude the superiority of his king part in .politics, and, in many adopted religion, at the same time instances, to immorality, and it is by his suffering, gaining in strength felt by many that the absence of and character. religious instruction is in large part responsible for this. Government may But there is a disability graver still overcome it from the ethical side by which he must suffer, even tho he care in the selection of trained teach- dwells under a government strictly ers, a high standard of discipline, by Christian in character. British India well-managed hostels, by carefully has its own laws and legislative selected text-books, and by closer as- bodies, but in many departments of sociation of teachers and pupils in law, such as inheritance and succestheir every-day life. Private agencies sion of property, adoption, marriage are not to be interfered with in re- and divorce, the great mass of the ligious instruction, and for this rea- population, both Hindu and Mohamson they should be encouraged and medan, are governed by the laws of aided in every possible way. Up to their own. For this reason the Inthe present time only Christian insti- dian Christian finds it difficult to obtutions have introduced such instruc- tain redress. Tho government has tion to any extent, but a perusal of passed some laws relating to these the report of the Allahabad Educa- questions with the Christian's rights tional Conference, held in February in view, others from the nonchristian of this year, shows considerable con- standpoint have been recognized by cern from our coreligionists in India, the government and legislative counand this agitation ought to produce cils. Missionaries should make such a healthful atmosphere. representations as will secure to Christians all the protection, rights Diaabilities of Indian Christians and privileges of law-abiding citi- zens. A recent case in Moradabad When a man in India gives up his of the right of Christians to draw ancestral religion, he usually becomes water from a public well serves as the subject of intense and bitter per- an illustration. Before baptism they secution. It is most difficult to get had had the use of the well. Two at or prevent this persecution, for years afterward they were denied the method, which rarely exceeds the the right to use water, and when bounds of the law, is petty and un- they attempted it, force was used. derhanded, but effectual, nevertheless. The case was taken to the courts, A man in an office whose superior and after a good deal of trouble and is a Hindu is almost sure to lose expense the magistrate decided in his post; if in business he is boy- favor of the Christians. Missionaries cotted; if in a hospital he sometimes should familiarize themselves with suffers indignities; his servants desert the law, and protect those whom they him; he is looked upon with scorn, receive into the Church in rights shunned and slighted for having which are without question theirs; broken faith with his old religion. if privileges are curtailed they should

take steps to secure larger freedom. under extraordinary circumstances, It is well to allow the Church to gain such as the possibility of bloodshed, strength by suffering, but it is better .Missionaries ought at least to have to provide just, equal and righteous the same rights as merchants and laws under which to live. traders, and they do not ask for A Mission's Consul special favors. The time has certainly come when A mission's consul would be very useful to represent grievances or any a careful investigation should be other matters to government on the made into all cases where impartial part of missionaries and mission treatment has been denied, and a boards. strong representation made upon the subject in the form of a memorial Feudatory States asking for a declaration' of policy.

There are six hundred feudatory This is all the more needed now states in India, which range from when such great changes are coming ancient kingdoms down to petty es- over the character of the Indian Gov- tates. In some cases the rulers are ernment, both in regard to territory kindly disposed to missionaries and under the direct control Elf the British their work, and the fullest toleration Government and also in the native is permitted. In others, they are States. The case of Nepal and Bhu- persecnted and harassed, converts tan is different. They are not vassal suffer, and it is difficult or impos- states tho they may be influenced by sible to secure rights of purcllasing the British Government. Here where property and building necessary entrance is forbidden, miss:onaries structures to carryon their work. should be careful since they are likely This attitude is probably due to fear to disturb the peace of people on that their authority may be under- both sides of the line. But the Gov- mined, but they soon learn that mis- ernment should not unduly prohibit sionaries are not there for political the entrance of such civilizing forces, purposes and that they teach observ- and missionaries should be on the ance of rule and order. These states lookout to make friends with, and tu are indirectly under the British Gov- help, these people when opportunity ernment, but the authorities will not arises.

interfere except when gross injustice .Many other questions might be demands it. Missionaries, too, are touched upon, but the time is gone.

loath to call upon an o'ltsi<le power Missionaries in India have very much for redress or help, for this irritates to be thankful for, and we may con- the ruling prince and interferes with gratulate ourselves that the relations the dignity of his position. So mis- between misisons and government, sionaries would rather patiently wait and between missionaries and indivi- until their work takes hold of such dual government officials, are as cor- officials and secures for them quietly dial as they are. I f more can be the rights they seek. Sometimes the done as between the two for a higher British Government has forbidden efficiency in mission work and a missionaries to enter native states, speedier bringing of Christ to the which action can only be justified people of India, it is our duty to do it.

EASY METHOD FOR INDIAN

BY J. KNOWLES m·1 N the Indian Empire the world, and for international in- there are 200 languages. tercourse. There are 50 alphabets -or, rather, syllaba- Out of all the methods of past ries. To print these times for handing down the knowl- in the native scripts edge of the past, the art of printing takes 20,000 different types. The books has survived. Mexican cords, types are most elaborate and compli- clay tablets, Egyptian papyrus, Indian cated. Could Babel be worse? Could palm leaves, have all yielded to manuthe adversary be supposed to raise a factured paper. Now is the Church's greater hindrance to missionary work? opportunity. In a booklet entitled Learning to read is a task of years, "Our Duty to India and Indian Illearning to write is the labor of a literates," a complete scheme for malifetime, printing becomes almost an king, reading, writing, and printing impossibility.. What does it all mean easier in India than anywhere in the from a missionary point of view? world is set forth in detail. Briefly, the scheme is as follows: There are only about fifty-three sounds in all the Indian languages As the ordinary Roman letters are put together, which require separate not sufficient to express all the reletters to distinguish them. In the quired Indian sounds, the phonotypic main the majority of the sounds are letters of Isaac Pitman and A. ]. common to all the languages of India, Ellis are added to them, with some and also, as might be supposed, from romanic letters for special Indian the fact that Sanskrit, Greek and soumIs. The result is a romanic code Latin are akin, common to Europe of fifty-three letters, which suffice to and America, Asia and Africa. In furnish an accurate transliteration, or short, the main sounds are common a practical phonetization, of all the to all languages. Then out of all languages, and all the dialects of the the different methods of expressing Indian Empire. An average of only sounds in writing the Roman letters 37 letters is required for anyone have proved themselves the most ef- vernacular. Of these, half the roficient. To-day the Roman letters are manic letters are so similar to the known all over the world. These two other romanic letters with similar facts give us a majority of common sounds that the task of learning to sounds and world-wide simple letters. read becomes a lightsome labor of Through the Babel of languages phi- mastering about twenty simple forms. lology and phonology have been pro- No capitals being used, and the Invided with a sphere of work for the dian languages being spelled phonetiworld. So far has the study pro- cally, the result is the minimum of grest that to-day thousands of Chris- time to pupil and teacher. Ten tians are being captivated by the idea simple half-hour lessons introduce of a world-wide language of the the illiterate to the reading of the simplest character, suitable for the Gospel. The letters are taken three embodiment of all the learning of all or four at a time, and with the first four letters the illiterate is shown

how letters combine into syllables and ficuIt to move? Why not make make words, and in five minutes he learning to read easier? Here we begins reading very familiar words. are at the twentieth century, and In seven lessons he is introduced to every mission using Roman letters parables, and ten lessons complete as they should be used phonetically the course. After that the reading has not the least difficulty in teachof the Gospel begins. ing the Christians to read. We have India, with 2,660,000 Indian Chris- Anyone who can speak an Indian tians, of whom 2,300,000 can not language and knows the ordinary read a verse of the Bible in their own Roman letters is able to read that mother tongues. Do our leading' Indian language in romanic letters wealthy Christians know, or are they after five minutes' study. As there indifferent? are over 1,125,000 in India "literate in English," there are plenty to teach Why does not the Christian Church the illiterate his letters. Further, demand that at least the option of anyone who has learned to read the Bible be given in such letters? English in phonetic print, following vVhen I was in India one of the Pitman's phonetic alphabet, with Latin questions discust was whether before pronunciation of the vowels, will, baptism a convert should be required after one lesson, be able to read any to be able to read. It could not be Indian vernacular so that tho he may insisted upon. But if the Bible were not know a word of the vernacular, printed in twenty simple letters it a hearer who does will understand would be a fair test of a convert's what is being read. desire to be a Christian.

As the same romanic letters with The Bible is being printed in Esthe same sounds will be used for all peranto. Why does not some one the languages, a native wiII not only offer a prize for the simplest method be able to teach an illiterate in his of teaching an illiterate to read his own vernacular. but he will be able to own mother tongue? Magazines go teach reading in the other vernacu- into ecstasies at the discovery of an lars he may not be able to speak.* old Greek inscription of 1600 B.C. in a syllabary made out of picture- The Baptist Missionary Society of writing. Is there one which will tell England have taken the types and llS the best method of teaching 278,- are going to begin in Oriya.The 000,000 illiterates to read in 200 lan- Scripture Gift Mission are also to guages? Let us have the very best issue Scripture texts. Why are the method which can be obtained for missionary and Bible societies so dif- using Roman letters for India and for China, and let us give these mil- * The whole scheme can be printed on a post- lions of illiterate Christians, and many more millions of illiterate noncard, and is printed, and :IvIr. J. Knowles will be christians, the Scriptures which we so greatly value. glad to send one on receipt of stamped address. For complete details please read "Our Duty to India and Indian Illiterates," from Christian Literature Society for India, 35 John Street, Bedford Row. London. W. C. (Postage fee, 7d.)

G. APPENZELLER, OF

BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., LL.D., ITHACA, N. Y. Author of HKorea J " HThc Her-mit Nation," etc.

HE figure of the soldier sowing, the toil, peril, pain, and tear- ful prayers of the pioneers of 1885. mT dominates all literature. The knight, of outward Henry Gerhard Appenzeller's spiri- panoply and inward tual cradle was in the (German) vows-the flower of Reformed Church of the United medieval Christendom States. Of Pennsylvania "Dutch"

,-still sways the imagination. VVar may be improved off the face of the earth, as we all pray, but the warrior spirit will remain. The lure of danger will ever attract the brave. The march- ing orders of the Almighty Father- "replenish and subdue"-still urges man on to vaster issues. Short but imperative is the command of the great Captain-"Go."

Nobler than sword or lance are the weapons of love. More entrancing to the lover of his kind is the figure of the knightly soldier who dares a~l for Christ. To face difficulties, in order to save his fellow men, seems more to make the measure of a man than winning the laurels on bloody fields of battle. When to the elan of the charge is added the patient HENRY GERHART APPENZEL LER toil of the builder, and the trowel is handled as skilfully as the sword, we ,.tock, which includes the Swiss and have indeed the ideal missionary. other strains from the great Teutonic Such seems the life of Henry Ger- Fatherland, he was descended frOIll hard Appenzeller, when seen in the the men of that Appenzell, in north- perspective of that quarter of a cen- eastern Switzerland and of Alpine tury which has made Korea, once in height, who by the labors of the hermit obscurity, the most hopeful of early medieval Irish missionaries of all of our mission fields. To-day, St. Gall were led out of heathenism when the prayers of a quarter of a into Christian light. Of good omen million of native Christians have is the name Appenzell, meaning the made a new Land of Morning Splen- "abbot's cell." Yet by God's ap- dor, we join gladly in the shout of pointment, the American Appenzell- "Grace, grace unto it." It would be er's religion was to be of another hard, indeed, to understand the Ko- type. He was to go out of the cell, rean harvest of souls to-day, without home, and seminary, into the world's the plow and harrow work, the seed- broad harvest-field, even into a coun-

try then nearly unknown, "which he he enlisted. Would that all young was afterward to receive as· an in- mIssIonaries were equally modest, heritance. But he obeyed, winsome and wise!

not knowing whither he went." To Behold how, in the sparrow-watch- him the problems of the Gospel were ing of a Providence that creates a not geographical, but human. "We universe, a pebble of circumstance have the same Gospel to preach, turns the course of a human life!

wherever God calls," he wrote in Young Appenzeller had at first no 1887 from Korea. special inward motive or outward He was born at Soudertown, lure to the foreign field. His idea Montgomery County, Pa., February was to labor at home. His room- 5, 1858, and was converted in 1877, mate at Drew, now the Rev. Julian under the evangelistic labors of Wadsworth, of Providence, R. 1., Mr. Fulton, at Westchester. He had, however, read a certain book, entered at twenty Franklin and Mar- "Korea, the Hermit Nation." Be- shall College, in Lancaster, from coming interested in the long forbid- which he was graduated in 1882. ding and forbidden land, he offered During his college course he became himself for work there, when the a Methodist, and under God his char- century-barred gates, by the Shufeldt . acter received spiritual reenforcement, treaty of 1882, had been set slightly and new conduits and channels for a ajar. Reading and talking about the joyous spirit were opened and ever strange peninsula had a curious ef- required outward expression of 111- fect upon his fellow students. In the ward joy. case of some, it made chairs sag be- Appenzeller heard the call to the cause of long hours and the keen ministry of grace, and believing that interest of chummy chat. Upon the best way to learn how to preach others the very name Korea seemed was to preach, he served in a small to furnish an escalator toward the mission in Lancaster. When the door and floors above.

leaves were falling in 1882, he entered Appenzeller attended the student Drew Seminary. At Bolton and convention of the Inter-Seminary Al- Green Village, N. L he gave his liance, at Hartford, Conn. There Saturdays to pastoral work, and his the missionary fire entered his bones.

Sundays to preaching. His Aquila For overpowering domestic reasons, and Priscilla were found in a dear Wadsworth could not go abroad. Ap- old couple, of whom the latter was penzeller sprang in the breach and an elderly woman of God, whose seized the opportunity, proudly call- hints to a young pastor and pulpiteer ing himself a "substitute." With his were worth more than minted eagles. bride, Ella J. Dodge, he was soon Appenzeller, young or mature, was in San Francisco, and on the eve a Puritan in ethical and spiritual life, of sailing was ordained by Bishop while ever a winsome bon homme to Fowler-even while, unknown to young and old. No wonder that in either, that bloody riot of December, Korea he won, not only the "heathen" 1884, had taken place in Seoul. This -but more wonderful, the mercantile unchaining of popular passions left Christians whose aid and sympathy the legation of Japan in ashes, and

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

the corpses of her murdered people Already, but newly, the medical doc~ unburied and eaten by dogs in the tors, H. N. Allen and M. B. Scranstreets, strewed the palace grounds ton, were on the ground. American with the dead of victims in the battle medica;! skill and surgery, so strikingly between the Nippon Islanders and demonstrated in sword and bullet the 01inese, led by China's man of wounds, had imprest the King. A destiny, Yuan Shi Kai. Arriving in royal hospital was established for Japan, and thence sailing farther Dr. Allen, while Dr. Scranton had west, it was their lot to arrive at already begun medical work in his 01emulpo, a seaport of the capital, ow n house. Rev. H. G. Underwood on Easter Sunday, I885. had arrived in April. Korean appli- A GROU P OF KOREANS. THE LITERARY SC H OLAR WEARS GLASS ES Nor yet was the height to be cants to study medicine were told gained, whence pinions might be un- they must know English. They apfolded for a swoop upon heathenism. plied to Mr. Appenzeller, and he be- Amid the political commotion, armed gan teaching. He opened a school camps, and impending hostilities of which in r886 had so imprest the rival forces, native and alien, it King that he honored it with a name seemed best to return to Japan for meaning Hall for the Training of a season. Useful Men, which has enjoyed a long career of blessing and benefit. Have we seen a bird breasting a Thus was Appenzeller the pioneer storm, giving way here, lowering of education in the Land of Morning flight there, rising and falling, yet Calm. From the first he took broad finally, despite opposing winds, vIews of mental discipline and culreaching the nest? So it was in I885. ture. Knowing well how science At last rest was found in the capital.

A KOREAN HOUSE CONVERTED INTO A MISSWNARY"S HOME helps to put the devils on the run, with an invisible weight of chains. he was eager to convert the terror- The bondage of official oppression breeding, imaginary population of the and a systematic cruelty that caricaair into harmless fairies. "Appie" tured government, obsessed the men. cared little for mere erudition un- Terrors in the air, overpopulated with hallowed by the spirit of Christ, or imaginary and malignant personalities for empty logomachy. "Foster," said and bestialities, mentally paralyzed his work-fellow, the novelist, "did the women. Horrible and disgustnot care a rap for theological hair- ing customs, caked and crusted upon splitting. What he wanted was the millions, were revealed to the bold old Gospel, in which he believed were explorer. The nastiness of old Kohidden all the treasures of wisdom rean materia medica seems incredible. and knowledge." We have called this "triumphant Quickly the full vistas of the great Pennsylvanian" an explorer. This uninvaded realms of disease, want, he was. He spied out the land Oll superstition, degradation, sin, vice horseback, through thousands of miles and misery unrolled before the new- of country. To the eye of observacomer, yet not to daunt, but to lure tion he added the insight of reflecto action. "Be of g08d cheer. I tion. He searched into the annals of have overcome of the world," were a land which, lying between two the words that rang in his ears and rival and often hostile countries, had fired his heart. Worlds upon worlds been devastated again and again by of contagion, infection, vileness and Chinese hordes and Japanese dr:nies. fear were crushing millions of souls In times past, Korea has been 51)

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

THE MAIN STREET IN SEOUL.. THE CAPITAL OF KOREA (CHOSEN) scraped and scooped of its works of have long ago hidden the ruins of art and invention as to seem to the cloisters, fanes, towns and cities. In traveler of to-day to contradict, by 1392, after one of the political revoits nakedness, the abundant witness lutions which placed in power the of written history as to the splendor recent dynasty-now happily wiped of its former garments of prosperity out forever-the popular religion was during its age of art and adornment, banned and curst. Then Confucianin the thousand glorious years of ism-the monopolistic cult of office- Buddhism. holders-tightened its anaconda grip, even to the throttling of popular "Glorious?" Yes. In epitome, the rights. The masses were left withhistory of the "Little Outpost State," out shepherds or teachers, to sink as the natives called their country to the nadir of fetishism and demon when a tributary vassal to China worship, with all their degradations. and prostrate under the shadow of the Middle Kingdom, is this. Out An army of nobles and office-holdof primitive savagery, three warring ers, who hated work as they feared kingdoms arose about the Christian tigers, lived on the public crib. Like era. Into the peninsula Buddhism vampires, they sucked the blood of came as a civilizing power. It up- the common people, making it imlifted the people above beast worship possible for the toilers to save money and covered the landscape with mon- or accumulate wealth. Added to civic asteries, temples and colossal stone oppression was the further incubus images (miryek). These still rise of one hundred thousand sorcerers, above the tall trees of forests that fortune-tellers, and geomancers of

both sexes. Like a glacier, they open ground under trees and on the ground and crusht humanity. No grassy inner slope of the city wa!lshouse could be built, or seed sown, came in A.D. r885 the knights of or grave-site chosen without a heavy Jesus. Into the streets of Seoul, the mulct upon the people. Na sick or capital which were cesspools, full of dying person but must be tortured humps and holes and open sewers, or tormented by the noisy and costly or heaped up with slops and refuse, exorCIsms. As for the number of Christ-filled men and women came house fetishes, spirit posts and devil with cleansing for body and soul. sluines, village idols of carved logs, Open house and a Christian home AN EARLY AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL, SEOUL they were uncounted. If once loaded made a magnetic center of light and on freight trains, they could not be joy. In a chairless and bedsteadless hauled, even by an "Atlantic" type land, with logs of wood for pillows, of locomotive. Korea needed a spiri- or occasionally a stone, a Christian tual dynamite. home was an oasis. What if the welcomed women visitors, in their Into such a world- the men domi- delight at being raised up so high, nated by feng-shuey and by ancestor- perched on the backs instead of ocworship, which, with all its merits, is cupying the seats of the chairs? What yet the fruitful patent of debaucheries if pet dogs disappeared in the native and immoralities as yet uncounted by soup kettles? Some Americans, in any census; the women imprisoned their zeal, determined "to live like as in a demon-haunted dungeon of the natives." Yet even green misfear; the slaves, mostly female, sionaries soon learn veteran's wistreated when ill little better than pa- dom. These lovers of native fare riah dogs; the sick of contagious changed their rations when they saw, disease, exposed by thousands in the

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cation of native work, in new ideas and in habits of promptness and new theories of light and ventilation. How the average Korean lives in such scantiness of sleeping area, on so slight a ration of oxygen, and amid such microscopic armies, ever on the jump, the crawl, or the fiy, with chronic eagerness to feast on alien blood, so that the exclusive use of one's own cuticle is an impossibility, passes the power of an American, used to linen sheets, to conceive. One felt a sympathy for sardines, to see the natives packed in the steam and foul air of little cubicles in the inns.

Nevertheless, as "the white lotus springs out of the black mire," so eho-sen is the land of glistening starch and of gentle manners. Daily, ont of hovels, gentlemen in 5now- GOIN G HOME FROM CHURCH The Basket Hat of Young ,Vornen in Korea- a Preventive Against Flirting stretched on the thatch to dry, the A KOREAN ATONEMENT OFFERING bides of the faithful Fidos, which. transmuted into soup, had "entered This image of straw is stuffed with a few coins the ministry." and cast out on New Year's Eve as an offering to evil spirits. What if codes, of ethics, of manners, and of diet, oceanically apart in· their evolution, clashed? "Appie" was imperturbable in his sunny, allconquering good nature. The love of Christ in him overcame his disgusts. It did rouse his ire to see women so abused and despised, even by the lofty native Pharisees. For lack of bridges, female travelers were often compelled to cross rivers in a way to make men point and guffaw.

Soon, as superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, he had a brick building for the school. By no means contemptible was the edu-

white garments emerge. However, assurance of faith, kept the elements as for the alleged relation of the tint in him well mixed; yet very rich in of average clothes of the common him was God's gift of a sense of folks to that of snowflakes, the state- humor. The lazy missionary, of either ment must be made mainly in the sex, "too fond of rocking-chairs"- aorist tense or historical present. there were such-the female crank They were white once. of uncertain age, too free in her public use of safety-pins to reform On itinerant journeys, or at home A SELF-SUPPORTING COUNTRY CHURCH FORTY MILES FROM PY ENG YANG in the daily routine of the study, woman 's costume and to humble those school, parish or pulpit, in mastering who were proud of their freely exthe lang uage, in visiting the sick, posed badges of motherhood, the comforting prisoners, helping the dy- flaming fanatic who was abusive of ing, inspiring the living, or preaching mission boards and all organizations the Word, Appenzeller was ever a -there were such-the proud heafilled motor. He was a son of con- then, the vile glutton, the sensual solation. Early in his laborious ca- brutes, the wife-beater and mutilator, reer we read in his letters abundant the conceived idolater, were all foiled signs of promise and continual words by "Appie's" wit, energy, example, of cheer. and imperturbable good humor.

Incessant industry, system, prayer, Nevertheless, it was not wholly and a good wife, a happy home, sym- safe to trifle with the Pennsylvanian, pathetic brethren, and, not least, the whose "Dutch" rose to the occasion.

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

WHO WILL ASIC ARE KOREANS WORTH SAVING? Episcopal Mission he showed him- self a first-rate business man, giving When lazy or impudent coolies passed Korea invaluable lessons. the limit of patience, or brutal bullies thought to overawe, or even alleged On Easter Sunday, 1887, as he royal messengers or presuming diplo- wrote, "I baptized a young Japanese, mats attempted to ride roughshod the first [Protestant] baptism in Koover th e rights of an American citi- rea. It was a joyous event. We zen, it was found, when it seemed hope to report soon the baptism of best to maintain these rights, that Koreans. "lvVe are carefully sowing Appenzeller could "do more than and the harvest will corne." In midpreach." summer, July 24th, the same year, he baptized his first Korean convert, In times of plague, pestilence and and on October 2d, another. Then battle, shut up in the insalubrious the Lord's Supper was enjoyed. Be- Seoul of old day s, or abroad, or on sides thus founding the first church horseback, as evangelist, preacher, (of the Methodist order), he began starter of printing-plant or book- the rearing of an edifice to hOL1se the store, or as Bible translator, Appen- growing congregation-the first Protzeller was a man of prayer and hope. estant foreign church building in Ko- Richly emotional, he was level-headed rea, which was, and is, an ornament and a man of supreme self-control. In to the city of Seoul. "The Vanguard"-a splendidly successful story of mi ssiona ry life, our To this "beginner of a better time," subject is depicted under the name possibly more than to any other one of "Foster." Other literary penmen man, belongs the credit of starting have depicted him in their sketches. The very poverty of Korea made CH lLD:REN ARJ:: CHILDREN 1'N XOREA ALSO him strenuous, from the fir st, in t raining the natives in self-support. As superintendent of the Methodist

most of the organizations for the Korean Asiatic Society was founded benefit of the foreign residents in the and Appenzeller acted as librarian. capital. None understood better than It was like breaching the walJs of a he the laws of the human mission- fortress with artillery to get a cemeary's economy and the conservation tery in which to lay the first and of his force. To continue in the quickly multiplying foreign victims of highest state of efficiency, the stran- local typhus, but finally a place for ger in a strange land, civilization and the dead was secured-"Our Macclimate, must have recreation in the phelah by the river," he called it. Ap- A KOREAN IRON FOUNDRY. LABOR MADE HONORA BLE BY MISSIONARY EFFORT ways of home to prevent nostalgia. penzelJer led in this strenuous effort Appenzeller led in establishlllg the and served for years as treasurer of Union Church, acted as its pastor, the corporation. The last lingering and opened his school for its services. terrors of the natives fled when the rifles of the Russian marines, that To secure physical stamina, con- fired a salute over the corpse of a stant efficiency, and mental stimulus, comrade, "shot away the demons." he and others formed the Seoul Union, where reading, conversation, He acted as custodian of the tennis, and outdoor games could be Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school enjoyed. He was a leading spirit in Union and Tract Society, himself organizing picnics amid the grand writing, translating and publishing forests and inspiring scenery of the many of these brief Gospel messages mountains. To investigate the his- to the people-serving for years as tory, customs and life of the Korean president. He started and for four people, in order best to understand, years edited the weekly (Methodist approach, teach and win them, the Episcopal) Korean Christian Advo-

G. APPENZELLER, OF KOREA

cate. The Methodist Publishing How that light-giving Word starts House, destined to wide usefulness, the devils on the run, makes homes was founded in r888. It became an that were once habitations of cruelty industrial school for boys, while Ko- and fear the abodes of peace and joy, rea's great need-the honorableness creates a highway of holiness and of work-was taught by precept and furnishes an infallible tonic for the example. A bindery and book de- hearts and intellects for millions! Ficpository were soon added. If any- tion in statement, substance in fact A – CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN KOREA Four Generations-Mr. Hong ]fosksa, His -:v1other, '''life, Sons, Daughters-in-Law and Grandchildren thing, next to the Gospel, is needed is this snap-shot sentence from "The among the upper class natives to re- Vanguard": "Foster's hair grew construct Korea, it is the idea that gray, however, for however much the even manual work is noble. ringing laugh sounded out from the translating room, no one gave more Greatest of the monuments of Ap- heart and soul to this all important penzeller's labor is his work in trans- work." lating the New Testament. Vivid is the picture in ."The Vanguard," of For seventeen years God permitted the scholarly personalities, native and His joyous servant to excel not only alien, the texts consulted and the la- in the impartation of light and inbors of the makers of the Korean spiration to his fellows, but also in Version of the Word of God, now the gifts of manipulation and adstudied by over 200,000 eager Chris- justment. Appenzeller was "thoroughtians. ly furnished unto every good word

and work." In his iJume the first tence-"He saved others." In the white American child born in Korea little Japanese steamer, Kumagawa blest his life. "A little child shall M aru, he embarked to fulfil the calI lead them." None can tell how much of duty. At sea, on the foggy night good the Heavenly Father permitted of June II, about 85 miles from that baby unconsciously to do. Two Chemulpo and 10 miles from the other daughters and a son who, from shore, in a collision between two Princeton and Drew, following his steamers of the same line, it would father in this curriculum as in his have been easily possible to have chosen work-will, God willing, serve saved his own life. But, thinking his Master in the Korean field. also of others, he went first to arouse THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION COMPOUND AT KONG JU To orthodoxy of faith, Appenzeller his Korean teacher and a little native joined the orthopraxis of life. In girl under his care. The ship sunk the rush of activities, in the shock suddenly. His body found "a vast of battle with superstition and vice, and wandering grave." Yet, "to live his faith in God was ever serene and in hearts we leave behind is not to at times gently hilarious. He lived die." Korea keeps his name. The to see hospitals, trained nurses, words of T. De'Vitt Talmage's fachurches, crowds of inquirers, and vorite hymn pictures the saints' glothousands at the Lord's Table, with rioLls hereafter! promise of tens of thousands to come. "From the roaring surge they come. When at last the summons from Sinking in the ocean brine. his Captain came, the story of his manner and way of meeting Him face Jesus caught them from the flood. to face may be epitomized in a sen- Lo! How bright their garments shine Blanched in the Redeemer's blood."

TALBOT

A MISSIONARY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL MISSION BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON ~I T was an impressive known save by Him whose Spirit has scene ~hen, fift~ years been bruised in the same contest, after careful consideration, and after . ago, 111 the CIty of seeking the Spirit of God as wisely as I could, I felt it was impossible Philadelphia, a young man came before the Methodist Episcopal for me to refuse. The only point Conference in the Union Church and at which I found any obstacle was in announced his readiness to go as a my aged and almost infirm parents.

missionary to India. In those days I asked' my father, and with that this was an unusual event. India stern, old, puritanical spirit, he said, seemed far removed from civiliza- 'My boy, go and do your duty, even tion' and work in that fever-laden tho you die in it.' Then my mother, climate, among men bitterly hostile with all a mother's tenderness, said, to Christ and his messengers, was a 'Oh, my boy, I had rather die with- heroic and difficult task. To-day, in out a crust than that you should neg- the twentieth century, when hundreds lect your duty.' Then I told Bishop are going on business and pleasure in Janes that I would go."

a comparatively short and comfort- Nearly fifty years later a white- able way, it is a very different mat- haired man of eighty, feeble in body ter. Bishop Janes, the presiding of- but still young in heart and active in ficer of the Conference, introduced mind, entered the church where an- the young Christian volunteer as John other Methodist Conference was in T. Gracey. In response the young session. It was at Rochester, New man, then thirty years of age, said York, in October, 1908, and Dr.

in a voice full of emotion: V{illiam V. Kelley was speaking.

"I am not certain, Bishop Janes, Suddenly, with a simultaneous im- that I can so get the mastery of my pulse, the whole Conference rose to feelings as to speak to the Confer- their feet to honor the aged servant ence. Ten years of sober deliberation of God who came down the aisle and judgment forced me to the con- leaning on the arm of his son. He clusion that I ought not, and that who was thus honored was the same I could not, without neglecting a who in his youth enlisted for India.

duty, refuse the call of the Church to Between these two impressive scenes serve them anywhere, even tho it many events had transpired to be the farthest spot on this earth. strengthen and deepen and broaden Without my seeking, and I believe the life of the man. His influence without any intimation, of anything had reached out into all the earth, in that direction at this time, Bishop and many were ready to rise up and Simpson called upon me a few days call him blessed. Few years were since and asked that I would consent granted him in India, but his call to go to India. After a struggle of back to the homeland was a sum- forty-eight hours, such as is not mons to still wider fields of service. AT THE AGE OF SEVENTY Preparation replete with living forms, busy and John Talbot Gracey came of old beautiful, but to none of them ex- Colonial Quaker ancestry, some of cept man is given the dignity of part- whom were associated with William nership with the Eternal in His stu- Penn in early Colonial days. His pendous schemes. Come what wiIl, mother's forefathers also included the question of my obligation to go early pioneers, who came to America in 1744 in search for liberty of con- science. They had bravely fought for national independence in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. John was born in Philadelphia, September 16, ]83 I, and after a regular academic education became a student in medi- cine. He feIt, however, that there were more men able and willing to minister to the body than to the soul, and came to see that the spiritual ministries are eternal while the phys- ical are at best but temporal. He, therefore, left the study of physiology and anatomy for the study of the- ology and true psychology. His min- istry began in the Virginia Confer- ence of the Methodist Church (South) in 1850. Later he moved to the North and joined the Pennsylvania Conference, in which he labored for ANNiE RYDER GRACEY ten years.

In I8S7 he married Miss Annie at the command of the Church can Ryder, of Delaware, the daughter of never be questioned. I pray that I Rev. Wm. Ryder. She had become a may be able to make of my life one Christian in early life, and after com- perpetual missionary speech in India."

pleting her college education with Life and Work in India high honors, and teaching for four years in the college where she was With his young and noble wife the graduated, she cast her lot with that virile missionary set sail in June, of the young Methodist minister. 1861, on a sailing vessel with only Then came the call to India, to which fifteen sailors, laden with ice, and they so nobly responded. bound for Calcutta. From the In- In his farewell ·address in the dian Ocean, three months later, he Green Street Church, which assumed wrote : "We have had considerable his support, Mr. Gracey said: experience and considerable monotony "Heaven has come nearer already. in our voyage, which has been over In going to India we will be co- three months. It is a long time to workers with God. The world is be deprived of the privilege of hear-

ing fr0111 friends. In look- yond description. Our health is un- exceptionable, our spirits fine, and ing back I am surprized that we altogether we are as happy as the day is long. We have never for one should spend nearly four months in moment regretted our step; indeed, we are more and more convinced the trackless waste without accident, each day that it was the right course for us to pursue." altho we have passed through many They first settled in 5itapur, being terrible storms. Plato was once at the first white people to pass through the territory after the terrible Indian sea, and on returning, was asked by mutiny a few years previous.

some one to tell them the greatest Five months from the day he set foot in Calcutta, Mr. Gracey preached wonder of the deep he had seen; his a sermon in Hindustani in the Ba- zaar. Most of the missionaries do reply was, 'The greatest wonder is, not attempt to do this until after having been in the country for over that from the sea to the shore I ar- a year.

rived safely.' Rev. William VV. Hicks, one of his early colaborers and companion on "Our route took us very near the many a jungle tour and bazaar preaching experience, writes: coast of Brazil. After leaving the "When Dr. Gracey arrived in India southeast trade-winds we made he found the harvest was great and ripe, but the laborers were few. There straight for the Cape of Good Hope. was William Butler, our leader, the brave, impulsive, enthusiastic-an em- During one storm the captain deemed bodied hope. There was James M. Thoburn, who had just arrived, small it expedient to 'heave the ship to,' in stature but big in every other way, full of the foretaste of triumph. or, in the language of 5t. Paul, 'when There was Humphrey and his deli- cate helpmeet-the sweet poet of our we could not bear up into the wind, little band. There was Parker, the fearless torch-bearer into the dismal we let her drive.' All sail was habitations of ignorance and cruelty. There was Waugh, the plodding stutaken in, the wheel lasht, as the men dent, modest, grave and ever under- valuing himself and his labors. could not guide it any longer. We Last of all, there was the beloved John T. Gracey, with whom I travdrifted about wherever winds and eled, prayed, studied, wept, hoped, suffered and wrought. waves carried us. Everything was In making the Gospel Message done that man could do, and we were known in school and bazaar, Gracey at the mercy of Providence for more than two days. Vve have read his- tory, biography, poetry, etc. We have had times of joy and times of home- sickness and weeping; this we can't help, for our hearts will long for those who are thousands of miles away."

Later, in December, 1861, he writes from India: "It seemed like begin- ning a new existence when we left the old ship and stept upon the shore in Calcutta. What a new creation burst upon us! As we traveled up country we went 600 miles in only eight days by horse dak, day and night. We stopt during the heat of the day and changed horses every four miles. The country through which we traveled was beautiful be-

was very active and very successful. food to the hungry, or medicine to Ve used to go out early in the morn- the sick. We found that in the hour ing to a near-by village, and under of death kind, Christly words were as friendly trees or in a small bazaar welcome to Hindu as to Christian large crowds would gather, sit on ears. the soft, warm earth, and listen to the story we loved to tell. Often we "Hardships there were, which do would be interrupted by the inquiry not now beset the missionary's way. of an aged man or a little boy. Once, 11any stones have been removed when we visited one of these villages, which we could not even budge in Gracey told the story of the Prodigal those days, altho we lacked not faith Son, and awakened great interest for or courage. We were but humble some of the listeners knew the Hindu pioneers, and we wrought with what story of a prodigal son who was wisdom and strength we had, looking found in rags and inherited his forward and upward to the glory that father's great wealth. We could see was to come." the faces brighten as the speaker told of the loving yearning of the Heav- Mr. and Mrs. Gracey subsequently enly Father for his prodigal sons and settled in Bareilly, and then in N aini daughters. Tal. In May, 1867, he made a jour- ney on foot with two or three of the "'Why does not our Father Him- other missionaries into the interior .self come?' asked a grandfather who of the mountains. They took their stood near by with his two grandsons own tent, horses, servants and food. by his side. At night, after marching about fif- teen miles a day, they camped out, "Then came the opportunity to tell sleeping on the ground. them that He had indeed come in the person of His well-beloved Son, and Mr. Gracey was the first secretary had told the Father's love for us and of the Methodist Indian Conference, had showed it by His life and death. and in 1867 became the president.

"'Tell us another story, sahib,' Of these events James M. Thopiped the old grandfather, and in re- burn, then one of his colleagues in sponse we told them of the woman's India, now the honored bishop, lost piece of silver, and gave the writes: meaning. "At the first Conference Mr. Gra- "After the meeting was over the cey was elected secretary, and marked old man brought his two grandsons out the line of procedure which has that we might pray over them and been followed ever since. He was place our hands on their heads in afterward the first missionary elected blessing. Tears flowed while we did president in the absence of a bishop, so. and proved himself well qualified for the post. Later, in 1868, he was "In many places we found lepers, elected to the Methodist Conference or consumptives, or other men and in America, so that he had the diswomen and children starving by the tinction of being the first delegate roadside. To these Gracey was al- sent from India to the General Conways a good Samaritan, dropping a ference of the Church. At that ascoin into the leper's bowl, giving sembly he acquitted himself with

honor, and secured for India the per- ester, Syracuse and Buffalo he served manent right of representation. several churches, and was for one term "But he was not strong enough presiding elder.

physically for work in India, and In 1876-77 Dr. Gracey visited the as Mrs. Gracey was in poor health, missions in yVest Africa, coasting they were advised to take up work in along the shores for some 2,000 miles America instead of returning to their on his tour of investigation of the chosen field." Methodist missions. On his way home Dr. T. J. Scott, another of the he visited France and Spain. Dr.

early Methodist missionaries to In- Gracey's editorial work was extensive, dia, writes of Dr. Gracey: "He was not only in the periodicals of his own a very companionable man, and his denomination! but in wider fields. A home in India was wide open to hos- small handbook on China, a mission- pitality when, anon, we turned up ary guide-book, and several other dusty and jaded from our travel by volumes came from his pen. In 1883 'coolie' or 'dak-gari.' Nothing was he organized the International Mis- too much trouble for him and his sionary Union, composed of all those wife to do for his friends. Their who had served a term on foreign house was at once a parsonage and fields. Dr. T. J. Scott calls it "The a sanatorium. Great Campfire of the World." This "Dr. Gracey's ample brain, ready has now I,500 members, whose object speech, and facile pen during seven is to promote missionary fellowship years in India made him a potent and to increase missionary interest factor in laying broad and deep foun- and effectiveness. For nearly thirty dations for the Methodist mission years Dr. Gracey was the genial there." president, by his tact and good cheer, So it was that, after less than seven his wit and wisdom, guiding the or- years' labor in India, Mr. and Mrs. ganization and winning the coopera- Gracey were obliged to give up and tion of strong men and women.

enter again into work at home. When the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF For two years after his return to THE WORLD was transferred to Dr.

America Mr. Gracey was in the em- Arthur T. Pierson in 1888, Dr. Gra- ploy of the Missionary Society of his cey became one of the associate edi- church, spending much time in speak- tors, and continued to render effect- ing and writing in the interest of ive service in world-wide interna- miSSIonS. For one year he was pro- tional and interdenominational circles fessor of historical theology in Drew for over twenty years. Dr. Gracey Theological Seminary, and won an was invited to speak at the World enviable reputation as a scholar and Missionary Conference in London in thinker, and as an able orator on I888, and again rendered valuable pUlpit and platform. aid in guiding the intricate business In 1872 he was transferred from of the Great Ecumenical Conference the Philadelphia Conference to that in New York twelve years later.

of Central New York (the Genesee About eight years ago, at the age Conference), of which he remained of seventy-two, Dr. Gracey suf- a member until his death. In Roch- fered from an apoplectic stroke, which

TALBOT GRACEY

would have caused most men to give see and voice the need for woman's up the battle of life, but which only work for woman in heathen lands.

partially incapacitated this faithful "'hen they were compelled to return warrior. His mind was still active to America she promptly identified and his heart was young, so that he herself with the newly formed "Wom- surrendered only so far as it was an's Foreign :Missionary Society,"

absolutely necessary. and later for twenty-three years was In 1901, with characteristic hU111or, corresponding secretary of the Board.

he sent to the writer a newspaper clip- Mrs. Gracey was an able writer, ping which he deemed over-generous, speaker, and organizer, and rendered and entitled it "Gracey's Obituary." very important service on the litera- This tribute, from the first Methodist tme committee of her own Church Church in Rochester, shows that this and on the Woman's United Mission prophet was held in honor in his own Study Committee. She pays a tri- country. It says in part: bute to woman's work, and records "As a speaker and writer on mis- its importance as author of a book sions he has come to stand for the on "Eminent Missionary Women.'

best in this greatest of Christian en- In the home Mrs. Gracey was first terprises. Nobly seconded by his de- of all a devoted wife and mother.

voted wife, who wields a pen not Outside duties did not cause her to second to his own, they are jointly neglect these. One who knew her doing a great work for the Master. well quotes as true of her the words Dr. Gracey is in great demand as a of King Lemuel, the prophecy that lecturer on all phases of the mission- his mother taught him: "She looketh ary question and on ethnic religions. well to the ways of her household "He is worthy of the highest trib- and eateth not the bread of idleness.

ute that can be paid either to his dis- Her children rise up and call her tinguished ability or to his honored blessed; her husband, he also praiseth career but for those of us who know her."

him it # is, after all, the man and Four years ago, in February, 1908, friend that we love. His genial na- almost on the eve of their golden ture, true friendship, and his fellow- wedding anniversary, Mrs. Gracey ship with God cause a great host to was suddenly called home, and left pray that for many years 'his bow her husband, son, and two daughters may abide in strength.' " sadly stricken. Dr. and Mrs. Gracey Not long after this notice appeared 110t only devoted themselves, but gave in reference to himself, Dr. Gracey their substance and brought up their also sent us a clipping (February, family to the work of God. The son, 1902), marked, "Mrs. Gracey's Obit- V. A. Gracey, is editor of the Geneva uary-but not dead yet, thank God." Daily Times; one daughter, Lilly Under her photograph he had marked Ryder Gracey, has had wide experi- in his characteristically clear hand, ence as a newspaper writer, and an- "Isn't she lovely?" She sympathized other daughter, Frances Ida Gracey, with her husband in his ideals and was an invalid for many years, but always actively joined him in his was widely known for her beautiful work. She was one of the first to character and heroic nature. She also

succeeded in many ways in promoting Speaking at the meeting in prepa.

the cause of missions, and from her ration for the Ecumenical Conference room in the sanatorium at Clifton in 1900, he emphasized the great Springs, for two years she conducted advantage of a world-wide vision on a campaign to raise $5,000 for a the one hand, and increased solidar- hospital for cripples in China. Soon ity of Christian forces on the other.

after her father's decease she, too, He said in part: went to join her beloved parents, but "As separate bodies we have been before her departure had nearly com- too much studying the origin of spe- pleted the desired sum. cies, until we are saturated more or The large labors and high ideals less with our denominationalism. All appealed to Dr. Gracey. His was no these denominations represent his- small-caliber task. He was peculiarly tory, and each stands for an idea.

fitted by education and by tempera- Methodists can do some things bet- ment for the great work of winning ter than Presbyterians; Presbyterians the world to Christ. His labors were can do some things better than Bap- not confined to his own city or de- tists; Baptists can do some things nomination, but to the world, and he better than Episcopalians. We want served all classes and all churches. to find out without sacrificing any of He was optimistic and energetic, and our individuality the mighty idea the greatest hardship he was called back of that denominationalism, so upon to bear, next to the separation that we may adjust these into a from his beloved wife, was enforced mighty solidarity. After Magenta inactivity in the Master's service. the army of France and Italy had to His was a singularly rounded char- march through a great forest of low acter, and while he conceived and trees. The men could not see each exprest great ideas, he gave vent to other; only a few hundreds on either playful but never irreverent humor. side and they were deprest. Then they On one occasion, at a meeting of deployed out into the great plain, the International Missionary Union and hundreds and thousands and tens at Clifton Springs, he spoke earnestly of thousands of them were put into in favor of "Church Union," espe- line of battle, and as their bayonets cially in missionary work. It was bristled in the sun, they gathered before the movement had become mighty courage. They were just as popular. He said: near to each other an hour before.

"This is a great work in which There were just as many of them, we are engaged, and little differences but they did not feel the thrill and must be set aside. We need closer inspiration of the mighty multitude.

union and more perfect cooperation The next day was Solferino! So I if we are to win this world to our think we will get closer together and Lord and Master. We already have begin to ask what there is that we something of this union and coopera- can do, not in divisions only, but as tion. We Methodists draw the poor a solid army."

sinners out of the mud, the Baptists Dr. Gracey died in Gifton Springs, wash .them, the Presbyterians 'blue' N. Y., on January 5th, last, after them, the Episcopalians starch them." a long and tedious iIlness. His

1:2] JOHN TALBOT GRACEY 29

funeral services were attemled by Dr. William V. Kelley, ellitor of many who honored him highly, ami the Methodist Review, also paid a appreciative words were spoken. Dr. loving tribute when he said: Ward Platt, secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Mis- "I have come close to him in the sions, said: unofficial years of his life, when he was not busy with a multitude of "To meet this man was to be stimu- things, not girded like a soldier, but lated from the first even to the last at ease and simply himself, with all of the interview. To enter that home his thought and all his heart given to in Rochester, where every member you as you sat down beside him, in was wedded to a world purpose, was the simplicity of his personality apart to be lifted out of a rut and launched from all official offices or activities of in an orbit. life. From the first time I saw this man until now there has been some- "He was a prodigious worker, and thing gallant in him. He took his yet he was bound by no regular rules wounds like a soldier. He was chivof labor. It might be at any night alric, princely in nature; courtesy hour or any time of day that he took was inborn, and he had a delicate up his tasks, and yet it was by a deference to others. He was a splenmethod so overpowering that you did optimist. He dared to believe just wondered at the quantity and the his religion and to venture upon it quality of the literary productions. in confidence and faith.

"He was a true representative of "The buoyancy of the man was the 'Holy Catholic Church,' and in very delightful, and so we would rethe last essence a Methodist. Method- member his laughter. He filled life ism could have no better defender with laughter. One of the things I of its beliefs and of' its spirit, and can not help remembering him by yet he was far more. He was at one was that magnetic laugh, so explosive with every circle which was at home at times. with Jesus Christ! Two Presbyterian ministers in Rochester were wont to "In his last days of illness I found speak of him as their assistant pastor, him one night deprest, and I could so often had he ministered to their not understand exactly what he was congregation." trying to say. I said, 'Say that over again, please.' 'Be calm, and sink Rev. J. Sumner Stone, D.D., of into His will,' he said;' 'my mother's hymn.' It was a part of the hymn: N ew York, spoke from long personal acquaintance when he said: "Who fed thee last, will feed thee stilI, "Dr. Gracey left behind him what Be calm and sink into His will." seems to be a cloud of glory, as illustrated in the transformed lives of Thus passed from the realm of toil men and women who came in contact and suffering to the realm of rest and with him-a life like a ship leaving glory, this servant of God. After behind a silvery streak in the ocean. eighty years, his soul took flight as he laid his armor down and wel- "In Dr. Gracey's life sacrifice was comed the passing over the river that a broken alabaster box-a shattered he might rejoin his beloved wife in shell left, but the fragrance will go the presence of his King. on down through the ages."

A NATIVE VIEW OF INDIA'S EVANGELIZATION *

BY MR. P. O. PHILIP, B.A. lIi~sionary of the National lIissionary Society. Karwar, Canara.

( gT HE evangelization ofr~J our countrymen are by no means les:: India-this is a phrase remarkable. which so.unds familiar Witness, for instance, the new enough III our ears j movement which goes by the name of neo-Hinduism-the Arya Samaj but it conveys to most of our minds nothing in northern India, the Brahmo Sa- more than ideas akin maj, Prarthana Samaj and other to those aroused by the thought of similar Samajams in eastern and an unrealizable ambition or a pious western India, and theosophy in hope. Are not the leaders of our southern India-all these are evimissionary societies entertaining vis- dences of the prevailing dissatisfacionary ideas in hoping that India tion of the educated Hindus with will ultimately become an integral popular Hinduism. part of the kingdom of Christ? What The antichristian attitudes these is the actual situation? Are our movements generally assume show fears justified by a survey of the past that they are conscious that the citaachievements and the present work- del of Hinduism is in danger. The ing of the Christian forces in this methods of imitation they adopt in great nonchristian land? Have we their work and the way in which they sufficiently taken into account all the read noble Christian truths into the resources that are within our reach confessedly immoral stories of their for this great work? What part have Puranas and Shastras show further we Indian Christians as individuals that Christianity is the cause of this and as a Church in this work of religious awakening. "We have in enthroning Jesus Christ in the hearts Hinduism all that your boasted Chrisof the millions of our fellow coun- tianity can give us, and a great deal more"-this is the position that is trymen? fast taking foot in the minds of the educated Hindus as the result of It can no longer be said of modern these new movements. India, as was once the case, that she is unmoved by the new forces of re- It is certain that neo-Hinduism will ligion and civilization that are oper- be the greatest opponent of Chrisating upon her. The hackneyed tianity in India in the near future. lines: The movement is yet young, not even thirty years old, and confined to the She let the legions thunder past, upper classes, but in future years, And plunged in thought again, are no longer true of the modern with the advancement of education, conditions of our land. We need not the large middle-class population will at present stop to consider the re- also be brought within its sweep j markable changes that have taken and great will be the proportions as- place in the space of the last seventy- sumed by this antichristian movement.

five years in the social, intellectual Hard and long will be the struggle, and moral outlook of the Hindu. but there can be no doubt as to the They are of importance to us only ultimate result, if only we maintain in so far as they show beyond a our privileged position as faithful doubt that the protective armor of and intelligent fellow workers with Hinduism has been pierced, and God.

pierced beyond recovery. But the There are already signs of life in changes in the domain of religion, the dry bones of India's missions as such, that have taken place in the which are full of hope. I do not last twenty or thirty-five years among want to appeal to statistics for the * From The Bomooy Guardian. Part of an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Students' Camp, Pallavaram, near Madras. obvious reason that the results of the Lord talked with him and commis- secret working and the actual growth sioned him to bear witness to small of the Kingdom in any country can and great of the Gospel of His grace.

not be tabulated in figures. I would, Nor is there any reason why we on the other hand, try to focus your should doubt his testimony, for noth- attention on certain facts which to ing short of a heavenly vision can my mind are more convincing than account for the great change that any amount of statistics. The mighty has t<.ken place in him. For four spiritual revivals and the wonderful years and more he has lived a con- cases of individual conversion we sistent and fearless Christian life in meet with in different parts of the the regiment. Sometimes he visited country are sure signs of the work- his English officers in their tents, and ing of the Spirit of God. The recent after a smart salute, has knelt down revival in the Khassia Hills, As- and prayed in Hindi and immediately sam, led to the conversion of thou- departed. On one occasion he was sands and to the quickening of the rebuking his comrades of sin and Church all over the land. Such re- they caught him by the ear and vivals show that when God begins to dragged him for a distance of two work, the most serious difficulties miles along the road. He went to which we in our limited and blurred the hospital for some weeks in con- vision are accustomed to look upon sequence of this cruelty, and it was as big mountains are overcome in a found that some of his aural nerves moment. So also the accounts of in- were permanently injured. But he dividual conversion under the most rejoiced to be counted worthy to suf- unexpected and, humanly speaking, fer for Christ's sake, and when asked the most impossible conditions which to disclose the names of his perse- we meet with in the annals of many cutors he refused. To-day he is of our missionary societies show that spending his hard-earned holiday Christ is as truly working in our preaching the Gospel in Nepal, his land to-day as in any other land or native country, a land which is closed in any other age. Yes, He is the to Christian missionaries. "I have same yesterday, to-day, and forever, known him for four years and I have whether in Asia or in Europe, in In- not met a more simple-hearted, brave dia or in Korea. and enthusiastic disciple of the Mas- The Story of Guman Singh ter"-such is the testimony which a well-known English worker gives of In the year 1905, during the great him. Christ has begun His good and revival of spiritual life among the gracious work in our land and His Khassia people there was quartered kingdom is making headway in India in Shillong, the capital of the Khas- in ways and manners we do not al- sia Hills, a Gurkha regiment. There ways know. Let us, therefore, be was a bandsman in this regiment, confident of this very thing that "He Guman Singh by name, who had pre- which hath begun a good work in viously known nothing of Christ or us will perform it until the day of Christianity. During the time of the Jesus Christ."

wonderful revival he felt an irre- Have we sufficiently taken into ac- sistible impulse to go to the church count the resources that are within where many were assembled day and our reach for the accomplishment of night, and where God was doing this great work?

marvelous things. He understood I would now try to direct your nothing of the Khassia language, but thoughts to the greatest of all our he is to-day a humble believer in resources, to the living God, domi- Christ. He attributes his conversion nating, possessing and using all fac- to an independent revelation of the tors and influences to work out His person of Christ. He affirms that the eternal purposes concerning our land.

No lesson of missionary experience sionary enterprise in our land so has been more fully, impressively and limited? Why is it that we find no convincingly taught than that apart large accessions to the Christian from the divine working all is inade- Church from the ranks of those who quate. Our well-organized mission- are most influenced by Christian ary societies, activities, methods and thought? Is it not because so many plans are of no avail if they are not Christians, let us say so many of us, inaugurated, directed and sustained fail to fulfil the conditions required by Him. "Except the Lord build for the forthputting of the divine the house they labor in vain that power? An ordinary steel cable, look- build it." It was the firm conviction ing like so many yards of twine, may in the practical availability of the il- lie idle in the bazaar. But you in- limitable resources of the Heavenly sulate it properly, and connect it with Father which enabled and still en- a dynamo, and it becomes the channel ables many a servant of God to dare for conveying the mysterious electric. and to do great things. in His name, current into its practically illimitable more than the need for money, more powers of lighting and driving ma- than the need for men, and more chinery. Two simple conditions, in- than the need for any of the re- sulation and perfect contact, make the sources which are, after all, of the whole difference. What we also want earth earthy, what we want to-day in to-day in our spiritual life is exactly our churches and mission fields is the same. We should be saved from the faith which will enable us to selfishness, insulated, as it were, draw largely from "the unsearchable against the inroads and suggestions riches of Christ." Adoniram Jud- of the world and self, and we should son, the apostle of Burma, in one of also preserve an unbroken connection the darkest periods of the history of with the abounding and never-failing missions, confronted by an almost source of superhuman power, the dyunbroken line of heathenism, and namo of our spiritual life, even Jesus without any trace of a hopeful fu- Christ the eternal Son of God. ture beyond, was able to write to the American Christians: "If they ask Now with regard to the first conwhat promise of ultimate success is dition. How could this insulation be here, tell them, 'as much as there is effected? By surrendering ourself, an almighty and faithful God who our whole life unconditionally to the will perform His promises and noth- Lord Jesus Christ. This is not an ing more.' " Yes, it is this superhuman easy thing to do. Christ Himself factor in the evangelization of India makes no attempt to conceal the difwhich should grip our souls. Elimi- ficulties of discipleship. He wants nate the supernatural from our mis- every would-be follower of His to sion work and the next moment the sit down and count the cost at the whole thing will reduce itself to the outset, so that it may not be said of level of a huge humanitarian social- him, "This man began to build and service movement and nothing more. was not able to finish." His words are very plain and quite uncompro- Causes of Limited Success mising. "If any man come to Me and hate not his father and mother We have seen that the situation in and wife and children and brothers India is, on the whole, one which and sisters, yea, and his own life also, should strengthen us in our confi- he can not be My disciple." "Whodences in the final victory of our soever he be of you that forsaketh Master. We have also seen that we not all that he hath, can not be My have in our Almighty Father all the disciple." "Except a corn of wheat resources necessary to meet and to fall to the ground and die it remainovercome the greatest difficulties. eth alone, but when it dies it yields Why, then, is the success of the mis- much fruit." Yes, following Christ

NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA

may mean to you and me the giving tudes of His devoted followers; if up of some of our cherished ambi- the longing of your heart is, as it is tions and dearest dreams. It may surely our Lord's, that India should mean bare subsistence allowance in- know the true God and Jesus Christ stead of sumptuous salaries and af- whom He has sent, and that speedfluent circumstances. It may mean ily you will consider no sacrifice too to some of you the painful experience great to make for the realization in of going right against the ideas and however small a measure of this most hopes with which those near and dear sacred of ambitions. As Indians, our to you have long been associating position is one of peculiar privilege your future career. All these are and opportunity. I love to think of real difficulties. But are we to be the day when different elements of frightened from taking the decisive the Indian Christian community, forstep by any or all of these difficulties? getting all their petty differences of The answer to this important ques- origin, organization and beliefs, will tion depends upon the extent to with the single-eyed purpose of winwhich the claims of the Master and ning India for Christ, send forth her the needs of the Kingdom have taken preachers and teachers and Christian hold of our minds. If your heart Sadhus to every village and town, beats in unison with that of the Mas- and thus hasten the coming of the ter, and with the hearts of the multi- Kingdom in India.

THE NEGLECTED FIELDS OF AMERICA* AN ACCOUNT OF THE SIGNIFICANT WESTERN CAMPAIGN OF THE SPECIAL DEPUTATION OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL BY Hl'llERT C. HERRING. ll.D. Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society I lS]IX home mission secre- (4) How many of them are more taries, represer~tinl? as than four miles from church services many denom111ahons, recently completed a held in a language which they can tour of thirteen West- understand?

(5) What amount of home mis- ern States, arranging sion money is expended for each or- in each State for a sur- ganization in each place? vey of religious conditions, school district by district, throughout the (6) What communities, speaking what languages, are without religious care? whole territory. This step has been (7) What undenominational, retaken bv the Home Missions Council ligious and social agencies are at because- of its growing sense of the work, or should be at work, etc.? need of closer cooperation and of In at least one of the States under facts upon which to base that co- review there are as many as 8,500 operation. school districts. When it is remem- The survey sought answer to such bered with what great reluctance the questions as these: average human being addrest him- (I) What nationalities, what self to the task of filling out a blank, churches, what pastors in a given it will be seen that the State comcommunity? mittees have undertaken no small (2) How many people in that com- task. It is not expected that the remunity? turns will all be in before July I, (3) Speaking what tongues? 1912. The results of the survey will * Condensed from Missio1"IS.

make the most significant home mIs- ficult by the same causes which have sion document ever published. produced it, viz., lack of money ade- quate to maintain work in a com- Lack of Religious Privileges munity unable or unwilling to do much for itself, and lack of ministers In every conference there was capable of succeeding in the country strong testimony on this point. Par- and willing to go there. But a way ticularly in the States where frontier must be found, whatever the difficonditions are largely in the past, culties. such as Nebraska, Kansas and southern Minnesota, it was found that Workers in Exceptional Vocations scores of communities of considerable size are separated from church Most prominent are the unmet services by a distance which is prac- needs of the lumbermen. In Wistically prohibitory. In addition are consin, Minnesota, Idaho and Washhundreds of scarcely less destitute ington a population of several hunrural communities, which are de- dred thousand are directly dependent pendent on the irregular service of upon the lumber industry. A large a non-resident minister, too often ill- percentage are single men, or men equipped. This condition is made the separated from their families for long more serious because of the polyglot periods. The conditions of labor precharacter of the population. Families vent permanent residence, and often and neighborhoods, speaking one are directly promotive of vicioLls language, are surrounded by the habits. The "lumber jack" is prolarger community, speaking another, verbially thriftless and reckless when and are unable either to provide a not something worse. A lumber town church of their own or to share that is crude, and its population fluctuaof their neighbors. Then, too, sec- ting. It, therefore, naturally results tarian traditions, and particularly the that religious work is carried on, gulf between Catholics and Protes- whether in camp or town, against tants, further complicate the case. As great odds and with little visible outa result of it all, there is beyond come. The bulk of the lumbermen doubt a wide-spread and ominous in camp are under no religious influfailure of organized Christianity to ence. The sawmill towns are often reach the scattered dwellers on West- but little better. Here, as in so ern farms. The home mission boards many vocations, the producers who have upon them no obligation so are nearest nature's sources are less pressing as this. privileged than those farther away.

This does not mean that the aggre- The home mission boards are not gate of rural churches in the West likely to be able to meet this need in is small. In Kansas, for instance, at adequate degree. The cost is so great, least one-fifth of the evangelical and the type of worker required so churches are in the open country, rare, that only a limited expectation away from the railroad. Add to these of enlarging present work can be the churches in small towns, essen- indulged. The ideal solution of the tially rural in their constituency, and problem would be a "Lumbermen's the total is large. But the areas are Mission" carried on under joint auso vast, and the population so pre- spices of the denominational boards dominantly agricultural, that a great and the Y. M. C. A. portion is still unreached. Children grow from infancy to majority with- Of similar sort are the unmet out Gospel influences, save as a needs among miners. These are less limping and intermittent Sunday- pronounced so far as lack of church school and a rare sermon bring Christ privileges is concerned. As to the to their thoughts. The effort to cor- amount of indifference and godlessrect this condition will be made dif- ness, presumably there is not much difference. In great mining centers,

like the Cripple Creek District, the in a town is not a conclusive indica- Cocur d'Alene, and the Black Hills, tion of the facts. The Western boom are many churches. But their task spirit, which sees a coming metropolis is hard and their hold small. The in every hamlet, has naturally crowded great need is such equipment and forward church building enterprises.

leadership as shall enable them to em- Add to this the fact that the coolest phasize the social side of the minis- and most experienced are liable to try. In smaller outlying camps are misjudge the future in a region often no churches at all, or else where population is so fluid and its buildings with no preachers. The elements so liable to change, and you proposed survey will render an in- have another cause of overbuilding.

valuable service by furnishing a com- Then the multiplicity of tongues and prehensive view of the whole situa- the strong tendency of the Teutonic tion in mining towns. peoples toward sectarian subdivisions Here and there, in the round of has contributed to the situation.

conferences, many glimpses were had One can easily get a mental pic- of groups of foreigners without .or- ture of a town of a thousand people, ganized Christian effort, Greek, Japa- with two English-speaking Protestant nese, Chinese, Spanish. In one pain- churches, a Catholic church, two ful and reproachful case a commu- Swedish churches of different sects, a nity of 3,000 Finns was found to German church and a Norwegian have no vestige of religious work church, making a total of seven- among them. In most of these cases patently too many and yet perfectly it should be possible to supply the explainable. The English churches present lack. were built before it could be known Overchurching that the place would become so large- This question was earnestly dis- ly foreign-speaking. The foreign cust. So great, however, ·was the churches were organized to meet the difficulty of agreeing upon a defini- demand for the mother tongue, and tion, and so divergent were the judg- duplicated in one nationality or more ments of workers as to actual condi- because of irreconcilable antagonisms tions, that no comprehensive state- springing out of the past. Not every ments can be made until prolonged case, however, is so simple. Fre- study has been given to more ample quently the English-speaking churches data. That there is overchurching, have multiplied through mere secta- of course, goes without saying. But rian zeal and local pride. But now, on all questions as to amount, _na- compelled by necessity, or by a sense ture, cause and cure it was difficult of the proprieties, many of the weaker to get a consensus of opinion. It ones stand unsupplied or are de- is plain that in most of the States pendent on the service of a non- but little effort has been made to resident minister, so that five church bring about acquaintance and estab- buildings often mean but two or three lish mutual confidence among home ministers. This, as far as it goes, is mission leaders. As a result each a step toward a cure. But the vari- man's work has been largely unre- ous organizations remain, each a dis- lated to, and often at cross purposes couragement to the other, and the with, that of men in other denomina- unused buildings discredit the cause tions. It was evident that the vari- they represent.

ous conferences went far toward A long, vigorous and intelligent clearing the air and establishing a course of treatment will be required basis of closer relations in the future. before the West is cured of its sec- Attention was repeatedy called to tarian ills. It was refreshing to hear the fact that overchurching is often from place to place of localities which overbuilding rather than overman- are addressing themselves to the re- ning. The number of church spires duction of sectarian inflammation.

EDITORIALS

MOTHERS OF THE TEMPLE or others in whom they are inter- ested, may take up this definite Chris- A GREAT era of missions was in- tian service. augurated when the churches or- Various committees have been organized to send out missionaries and ganized, and regular bimonthly meet- ings have been planned for conferto direct their work in foreign lands. ence, prayer and study, and inspira- tional addresses. Another epoch was marked fifty years This organization lays the right ago by the organization of women emphasis on responsibility and privi- lege. It begins with the home. Here to bear their share in the enterprise. is where missionaries, preachers and Bible teachers should be trained; Twenty-five years ago the young here they should learn to know the full meaning of surrender to Christ; people came forward to organize as here they should see the vision of the world need, and hear the call volunteers for service, and the mis- of God to work in His Vineyard. May God bless the "Mothers of the sionary force has doubled in that Temple."

time. More recently students of mis- TVOICES THAT CALL TO MISSIONS HOSE who do not hear the call sions have started a campaign of to join in the great work of win- ning the world to Christ can not give missionary education, and the laymen as an excuse the failure of God to make known His will. They need have banded together to increase the to go direct to the Great Physician for spiritual operations on their eyes, supply of funds to support the grow- their ears, their hearts, their nerves, and their powers of locomotion. What ing work. are some of the voices that call to missionary work? Now comes a new organization of 1. The voice of God in His Word. mothers. It is thus far local, but may The marching orders of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. The whole well become world-wide. An asso- Bible is a missionary book.

ciation has been formed in the Cen- 2. The voice of human need. Ig- norance, culpable ignorance, shuts out tral Presbyterian Church, Rochester, the vision of men and women living and dying in sin. None can see the N. Y., called "Mothers of the condition of men in any land without recognizing their need of a Savior. Temple." Its purpose is to bring the 3. The voice of ability. Christians mothers in the church into closer have vast resources at their command, and all the powers of nature are being fellowship for prayer, child study, and harnessed to do man's bidding. Every new discovery and invention is but a consideration of the needs of man- a new instrument put into OUf hands to carry the Gospel into the regions kind in order to promote a "World beyond.

for Christ Movement." This is to be done by' consecrating their chil- dren to the Master. Like Hannah of old, these mothers are ready to bring their children to God, and dedi- cate them from birth to His service.

The association also purposes to raise an educational fund to help members of their church who are striving, amid difficulties, to educate them- selves as Christian ministers or mis- slOnanes.

The active members of this organi- zation are mothers who study the Bible and are praying that their chil- dren may take up definite Christian work, obeying the command of Christ to "go preach the Gospel."

Other women may join as associate members if they study the Bible and are praying that those in their classes, 4. The voice of history. The past church-members. The sooner each is failures of men without Christ and imprest with his or her own personal the successes attending missionary responsibility to use tongue and tal- work are summons to further en- ents to spread the Gospel, the sooner deavor. In the past missionary cen- the kingdom of God will be estab- tury twice as many have been added lished.

to the professing followers of Christ Not long ago we came upon one of as in all the preceding eighteen these "Fishers of men," of which the ccnturics. The work is a success. church should be composed. He was S. The voice of opportunity. Doors a plain, stalwart, successful Long have been opening on every hand, Island fisherman, who had heard the and many obstacles that long stood call of God sounding in his ears to be- in the way have disappeared. Even come a personal worker. He entered persecutions have left the doors open into the work with the same energy wider than they were before. God is that he put into his deep-sea fishing.

leading the way. In the summer he uses his nets and 6. The voice of love and thanks- ships barrels of fish each day to the glvmg. "The love of Christ con- market; in the winter he uses his Gos- straineth me." The fact that we owe pel net to seek men individually, not so much to God must lead to greater only to bring them to his Master, but sacrifice and service for Him. to lead them to become themselves 7. The voice of self-interest. Ex- "Fishers of men." In this way he has perience proves that the greatest bless- been used by God to take in his net ing comes to those who give them- one thousand individuals in the past selves wholly to this work. Those three and one-half years-whereas who are self-centered stagnate and previously to that time he had spoken die. Christianity must flow out if to none.

it is to be kept living. The most This man, without college or theo- short-sighted policy is that which be- logical education, a simple Christian, gins and ends at home. like most church-members, has a rec- Whosoever hath, to him shall be ord that few laymen can equal. He given, and to whomsoever much is will speak to anyone, tactfully, mod- given, of him shall much be required. estly, earnestly, planting the seed and FISHERS OF MEN trusting God to give the increase. In his "Fishermen's Oub," or "God's T HE late editor-in-chief, Dr. Pier- Messengers," this personal worker son, used to say that the true di- has secured the names of bankers, vine idea of "Apostolic Succession" lawyers, preachers, teachers, editors, was revealed in Romans 10: IO: hear- clerks and heads of large business ing, believing, confessing; hearing, houses. He spoke to the sales girl believing, confessing, in perpetual who sold him an umbrella, and to the succession from one end of the world president of a large fountain-pen com- to the other. pahy, where he sought a pen with Truly this is the ideal, apostolic which to record the results of his method, to be used by the Spirit of "fishing." Both of these, as well as God for the extension of the king- editors of some well-known publica- dom and the conversion of mankind. tions, thanked him for his earnest The Church can not depend on great words and agreed to become also organized efforts however powerful, "fishers of men."

or 'on social movements, or on paid This worker testifies that in all the workers however efficient, to carry hundreds of people he has approached the Gospel to the unbelievers. None he has never met a rebuff. Some have of this can take the place of the gen- refused to commit themselves, but all eral individual work for individuals have been courteous and appreciative.

on the part of the rank and file of Surely there are thousands of other

Christian men and women who will sanctification. There can be no sanctitake up this work for the Master, a fication until there is separation from work to which he has called us and on the world. which he has set his seal of approval. Is not this the difficulty with many OUR LORD'S INTERCESSORY movements toward church unity? Any artificial or external union must PRAYER fail. This great end can not be achieved by uniting disciples; it must T HE great prayer of our Lord for be accomplished by union with the His disciples, recorded in the Master in nature, affections, will, seventeenth chapter of the Gospel sympathies, and work. according to St. John, relates to their separation, sanctification, unification, The result of such union will be and glorification. a new power and new results in witness to the world. It will sim- First he refers to their unworldli- plify our creed, and this unanimity ness. This characteristic is defined in faith will beget confidence-belief in seven particulars: in our testimony. It will also give an example to the world of the na- Chosen out of the world. ture and power of the love of God. Sent into the world on a mission. Living in the world. The result will also be cooperation Not of the world. in service and economy of resources Hated by the world. andeffort. Let us seek for greater Kept from the evil in the world. unity, but let that unity be based on Witnessing to the world. greater conformity to the nature and will of God.-A. T. P. Next our Lord is moved to pray for their sanctification. MISSIONARY STATISTICS OF INDIA By the truth He had taught them. A STUDY of the statistics for mis- By the example He had left them. sions in India as reported in 19IO, compared with those of ten years ago, Third, He prays for their Unity. show decided signs of progress. For Four times He repeats this petition India, Burma and Ceylon we have a "that they may be one," and indicates total foreign missionary force of 4,998 its result on the world. men and women under 141 societies, as compared with 4,267 ten years ago, This characteristic follows their under 115 societies. This is an inseparation and sanctification, and pre- crease of one-sixth in the foreign pares the way for their glorification. force. The native workers of all This unity is to be: classes now number 38,143, as com- pared with 28,136 ten years before. A unity of all believers. This is an increase of over one-third, A result of union with Christ. and shows that the policy of using Like that of the Father and the Son. native evangelists has been adhered Perfect spiritual oneness. to with good results. The number of Followed by belief in the world. native communicants has increased from 332,924 to 538,737, and total Fourth, our Lord's prayer suggests Protestant adherents from 1,033,529 to that His disciples shall all partake of 1,521,423 (including communicants). the divine nature. The form of the This is an increase of over 50 per subject of this prayer is the glorifi- cent. in less than ten year… cation of all disciples.

Glorified in Christ. . Glorified with Christ.

There can be no glorification of the Church until there is unity, and there can be no unity until there is

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR INDIA, BURMA AND

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK FOIlEIGM MISSIOMAIlIEI NATIVII WOaDIl, STATIO•• CUlllSTIAR COJUlURITY ARD CoRTaIBunoRS Physicians COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES i rn 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 INDIA American and Canadian Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Societr ' •• " . • • • • 1814 131 13 8 5 131 83 361 287 3,384 3,671 73 1,893 1,091 8,558 127,963 127,963 347,052 1,115 36,293 102,475 American Board of Commissioners for For. Miss… 1813 28 7 Baptist For. Misa. Board, Maritime Provinces…… 1873 10 3 1 3 33 21 91 59 1,078 1,137 18 537 91 691 13,165 "13,165 46,282 479 13,165 14,424 Board of For. Miss., General Conference Mennonites 1900 4 3 8 16 35 100 100 8 17 9 102 544 544 *2,100 28 630 3 3 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Council Evan. Luth. Ch. 1869 2 9 10 10 2 1 1 42 42 42 4 150 Board of For. Miss., German EV!"$'elical Synod…. 1865 9 7 8 9 23 .- Board of For. Miss., Methodist Episcopal Church 1. 1856 4 34 Board of For. Miss., Gen. Synod, Evan. Lutheran Ch. 1842 11 3 2 308 310 4 413 250 *1,000 1,521 14,871 16,866 92 2,781 1,500 8 12 2 614 616 5 498 497 218 13,281 37,255 44,008 294 17,506 3,725 8 1 5 98 7 2 16 151 151 6 43 35 100 2,002 3,208 *4,000 8 1,198 5 86 99 Board of For. Miss., Presb. Church in U. S. A… 1834 48 7 4 42 36 295 199 4,746 4,945 66 200 282 11,282 122,986 178,943 181,049 3,523 148,591 113,852 146 53 750 803 27 120 61 1,281 7,418 *10,465 18,669 277 9,903 35,957 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church (Dutch)I… 1853 9 1 2 11 5 31 14 374 388 8 172 19 238 2,997 4,725 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Episcopal Church '… 1894 2 9,757 182 6,715 2,830 2 1 2- 4 11 11 1 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Presbyterian Church 1837 78 3 23 26 4 6 15 549 725 2,076 6 Board of For. Miss., United Presbyterian Church ,. 1855 22 1 3 2 23 35 86 82 550 3 25 596 621 12 331 33 1,487 14,202 14,202 26,122 151 1,320 12,792 Board of Management, Gwalior Presbyterian Mission 1904 1- – – 1 1 22 22 1 5 4 55 145 787 787 3 Christian and Missionary Alliance……………… 1887 22 – 86 80 100 – 7 28 29 35 124 124 19 1,000 1,000 1,600 Christian Woman's Board of Missions………….. 1882 2,149 Evan. Lutheran Synod of Mo., 0'1 and Other States. 1895 7- 5_ 5 18 16 136 136 10 20 10 42 682 682 *2,600 34 1,350 8- – 8- 25 29 29 5 131 *400 942 Foreign Christian Missionary SOciety…………… 1882 11 3 3- 12 5 10 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A… 1889 6 16 124 140 6 8 8 162 852 852 *3,200 31 2,036 536 5- – 9 11 – 192 For. Dept., National Board, Y. W. C. A., U. S. A.. 1894 – 46 5 60 – – – – 6 50 4 For. Miss. Board, Baptist Conv., Ontario and Quebec 1866 16 28 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church in Canada… 1873 15 2 3- 12 15 6 6 307 313 12 161 45 531 5,093 5,093 9,700 275 5,300 28 4,182 Friends' For. Miss. Soc.,-Ohio Yearly Meeting,…… 1896 – 3 5- 15 12 26 2 109 111 7 19 9 141 1,031 21,031 *4,000 33 1,572 18 3,301 General Conference of .l'-ree Baptists………….. 1836 11 – 1- – 5 13 18 18 1 1 1 60 60 310 2 140 300,955 11 8 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren……. 1895 11 – 1 1- 11 5 12 317 329 7 10 19 166 1,368 1,368 2,375 112 4,544 – – 8 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church.. 1885 4 1 47 48 10 25 4 45 787 800 1,064 34 1,004 14 Gen. Miss. Board, Pentecostal Church, Nazarene… 1897 4- – 1 5 8 3 11 11 3 1 11 40 56 180 5 220 4 5- – – 5 3 2 12 14 4 4 Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association……….. 1898 2 – 10 Lee Memorial Bengali MissIOn·……………….. – – – 2 4 17 1 1 2- 1 1 1 3 44 Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities……… 1899 7 34 34 1 6 12 600 4 4- 1 5 4 Missionarr Society, Calvinistic Church in U. S. A.. 1869 5 52 52 3 4 4 60 451 492 600 17 555 1- 1- 1- 6 Peniel Mlssionary Socie!y_o…………………… 1897 – – – 2 2- 5 5 1 1 2 9 9 *36 18 7 Pentecost :Bands of the World…. ;……………. 1896 5- – – 2 3 15 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission………………… 1892 3 – – 4 3 7 15 3 2 Seventh·Day_ Adventist Mission Board………….. 1895 12 1 2 9 11 9 3 3 4 1 3 19 Vanguara Missionary Association……………… 1895 – – – 2 1 4 22 8 4 221 221 221 12 225 Woman's Home and For. Miss. Soc., Advent Chris. 1898 – – – 1- 4 40 40 3 1 Woman's Gen. Miss. Soc., Churches of God……. 1896 2 – – – 1 3 20 20 3 7 60 60 *200 14 1,200 Woman's Union Missionary Society of America….. 1863 – – 4- – 14 2 25 25 25 3 50 ~–68-6-!-1-3-,7-41-56-0l-1-4-,4-13-52-0~-3S-0"':"'5''''4,-S-11-11-l-Z-,4-8-8-1-2-6,-1-8-6-1—,-4-94-+-4-18-,-77-5+-7-25-,-32-1:+-6:-,:-74-4-'2'7–26-1-,9:-3:-8'- 'T.667 324 Totals, 39 American Societies………………… —-+-'-s-2-7+-4-7+-7-1~–S9—5-1-3-~–4-8-0 Australasian Societies Baptist Association of Queensland For. Miss. Com.. 1885 1- – – 1 1 3 3 2 5 1 1 11 11 13 1 2 52 Baptist For. Miss. Soc. of New South Wales……. 1885 1- – – 1- 2 1 12 24 2 9 2 28 116 3 106 118 Furreedpore Missionary_ Society •.•..••..•..••…. 1882 2 1- – 2 4 8- 24 22 2 3 2 59 New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society……….. 1891 _ 1 2 11 59 42 100 3 375 1 1- – 1 3 5 2 20 42 77 Tasmanian Baptist Missionary Society…………. – 1- – – 1 1 3- – 4 114 336 __ __ Victorian Baptist Foreign Mission…………….. 1883 4 – 800 26 1- 1 5 11 3 17 20 3_ – 53 800 *3,000 ~83+ 1 -~~ r-~—T—r–~–T—~~—+—~—-':—-:–~–~—+–~—-+—-T—-~ ~ Totals, 6 Australasian Societies……………….. – 10 2 1- 7 14 32 9 75 84 10 151 6 64 929 964 3,394 36 1,426 454 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society f…………………. 1794 67 2 5 6 60 5 143 39 1,016 1,055 38 118 *52 1,158 9,572 9,572 -*35,000 320 11,020 9,373 Bntish and Foreign Bible Society…………….. 1807 4- – 2 6- 12 _ • 535 535 6 Central Asian Mission…………. …………… 1902 1- – 2 1- 4_ 3 3 1 Ceylon and India General Mission……………. 1893 – 20 – – 12 5 7 24 – 52 52 1 11 7 21 Children's Special Service Mission…………….. – – – – 1- – 1_ 4 4 1 1114 196 335 22 512 39 Christian Literature Society for India…………. 1858 2 – – 1 – 3 6 _ 191 191 2 739 Christian Missions in Many Lands·………….. 1836 – – – 55 43 36 134 29 – 85 85 67 12 78 1,244 1,244 5,710 10 233 128 19 9 27 132 88 432 223 177,816 Church Missionary Society………………….. 1813 159 – 13 – – 140 153 178 3,288 3,466 47 – 8 – 8 – 1,151 45,468 158,869 8- 3- 52,215 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…. 1880 – 3 16 – 849 849 18 11 *14,000 Church of Scotland Foreign AMssis~sci.onfo Comm ittee… 4 6 2 – 7 54 12 Church of Scotland Women's r For. Miss.. 1829 22 – – 41 47 13 315 328 8- 8- 187 2,698 12,183 153 9,208 1,732 1837 – _ 201 201 EdinburJrb Medical Missionary Society…………. 1885 1 1- – 1- 3_ – _ 1 English "National Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Dept. – – – – 3 1- 4_ – _ 2 For. Mission, Presbyterian Church of Ireland o. • .• 1840 15 1 4 5 17 13 55 5 462 467 14 54 25 119 1,131 4,237 5,197 100 4,381 1,970 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England.. 1862 1 2- 2 2 2 9 – 5 5 2 1 *56 Friends' Foreign Mission As80ciation………….. 1866 – 7 14 30 1 1 8 6 12 28 – 97 97 8 5 8 14 .~ 173 10 173 1,118 Kurku and Central Indian Hill Miuion……….. 1890 – 8 9 7 24 1 24 25 6 2 33 1,947 297 – – 1 1 – – _ 1 20 175 277 550 9 Lakher Pioneer Mission ……………………. lj05 – – – 2 – 387 40 London Missionary Society………………….. 1817 55 5 3 2 52 36 153 43 1,991 2,034 30 820 1,291 14,175 "14,175 110,065 602 21,996 15,758 Ludhiana Zenana and Medical Mission………… 18"79 – – 2 – – 10 12 – 17 17 3 1 Missionar:!, Settlement for UniverSity Women….. 1895 – – – – – 4 4 – – _ 1 National Bible Society of Scotland……………. – – – – – – – _ _ '~35 235 _ North India Industrial Home for Christian Blind.. 1887 – – 2 3_ 1 1 1 1- – 9 *30 53 58 *60 3 O:dord Mission to Calcutta………………….. 1880 10 – 1 4- 10 25 – – _ 5 Regions Beyond Missionar), Union…………….. 1901 5- – – Repr. Coun. Epis. Ch. in Scotland For. Miss. Board 1871 4 5 14 – 16 16 4 11 4 22 22 150 9 2- – – 1 2 5_ 20 20 1 4 1 Scottish Mission' Industries Co., Ltd………….. 1903 – – _ 2 Scottish Nat'l Council, Y. M. C. A., For. Miss. Dept. – – – – – 3 1- 4- – – 2 1 3- – _ 1 Society for the Propagation of Gospel"……….. 1814 96 1 8 4 16 72 197 136 1,682 1,818 42 77 234 2,128 38,865 100,068 114,879 777 32,562 24,723 South Indian Strict Baptist Missionary Society….. 1860 4 – – 1 4 1 10 4 65 69 4 28 Strict Baptist Mission ………………………. 1860 3 – – – 2 6- 2 4 71 768 1,500 2,850 32 889 "'827 1872 56 17 11 16 1 44 44 14 2 56 ., '*-200 United Free Church of Scotland's For. rM. Missi.ssC. oCmo.m' .. 1872 1 – – 46 29 101 10 56 16 750 545 United Orig. Secess. Ch., Scotland's Fo 1840 1 – 1 60 193 13 1,391 1,404 1 16 3 – 4 1 4 1 18 19 6 36 350 3,738 9,307 10,622 120 8,352 4,959 1817 76 – – 14 15 312 10 73 157 169 Welsh Calvinistic Methodists Foreign Mission…… 1896 – – 8 57 6 37' 21 485 506 44 377 5 186 – – 10 827 9,316 25,114 28,437 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society ,…….. .. 45 190 42 1,944 1,986 360 520 15,525 215,525 46,938 354 21,290 8,684 534 19,765 9,572 Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. 15 15 – – _ Zenana Bible and Medical Mission…………….. 1852 _- ~–~ _~_-_-L__1~ 0 __-~___- __~__14_0___1_50____- ____2_56____25_6___~ 25 ___1_5+-__~____~_____ ~ _____+___________________ Totals, 37 British Societies…………………… – 596 50 86 169 500 772 2,160 496 15,292 15,788 638 2,074 753 7,964 143,227 352,758 554,170 3,097 133,538 I 130,86.5 Ceylon Societies JaHna Student Foreign Missionary Society……… 1900 – – – – – – – 2 – 2_ 1- – – – _ 2 _ 160 Jaffna Women's Foreign Missionary Society…….. 1900 — – – – – – – _ 1 1 __ 1- – – – – _ __ 167 ___ Totals, :I Ceylon Societies……………………. r– ~—~–~- —- +— ~—~—~–~- –~2~~–1-7–3 ~-_–~-2-~– -~— –~– —'~—–~~–7Z—~_:– 327- Conti.ental Societies Evangelisch-Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic.8•••••• 1706 34 1 32 17 83 17 60S 622 31 209 237 437 9,671 21,162 21,295 14,263 Evallgelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel .••••••• 1834 60 24 67 11 164 Evangeliska Fosterlands·Stiftelsen ••••••••••••••••• 1878 17 2 18 57 26 841 867 25 114 87 459 9,964 17,767 18,206 52 2,537 7,857 4 18 6 28 Danske Missionsselskab ……………………. . 1863 13 2 9 103 103 11 11 653 -1,241 *2,500 8 543 85 1 6 92 Gossnersche Missionsgesellschaft ••..•••••.•..•••• 1842 44 6 36 2 1 79 80 8 14 8 455 1,139 *1,550 8 347 1,964 1 1 LOve'i'thals Mission ……………………….. . 1872 1 19 335 354 57 460 382 25,642 70,865 91,771 443 7,114 7,291 10 2 26 5 5 1 L. P. Larsen Missionary Society•••••••.••••…•••• 1 14 4 39 – – 1 20 Missionsanstalt zu Hermannsburg ••.•••••••••••••• 1866 13 37 187 1 2 157 159 10 37 47 93 2,680 3,392 4,392 207 Schleswig·Holsteinische Missions~esellschaft ••••••• 1877 20 240 240 9 44 South German Young Men's Chnstian Association•• 64 493 237 2,274 9,172 12,577 5 460 500 – – 1 –1– Totals, 10 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• 203 6 65 2,365 2,430 154 878 772 1,226 51,339 125,278 152,311 516 11,001 32,167 * From the World Atlas af Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. • Church statistics reported by only seven missions. • Includes data for the Jungle Tribes Mission formerly conducted by the INDIA Presbyterian Church in Ireland. 10 Church-members in good standing. • Includes data for the Woman's Society. 11 It has not been possiole to be certain that this data includes no work • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. for whites. • Not reported. IS Includes a government school grant. • Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee are missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal .. Includes data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Church{ but are reported with the Lee Memorial Bengali Mission. Svenska Kyrkans Mission. • Inc udes data for the Baptist Zenana Mission. • Colporteurs under the direct supervision of the Bible Society.

– – – – – – – – – • Includes six publishing branches and thirty-five sales depots. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies. THE AND EVANGELlSTIC WORK j DATE FOREIGN NATIVE W<;>RKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS a ~t I . £ . . COUNTRIES .AND SOCIETIES Physicians ·1 rn ______________________________________________ rJ …. -~_;'~~=:t~C:}"h~gaE-~-~~7_i~.1i1.~s.~.:r..:~..~.!~~=~.·Fi~~~-l~0at";'7,~.5C~~~~-+~0.]Z..~~~.~~~~"~;·".P"'c~rd-ISc5E~E"&"u.i~~~.~~~'.l.i'.~;.O]E5-.I~.I.~) ~~O-~"l~o;o0":·~z~~.EES~. "~~,,1f"t '~::"w~~~.~g_~..N:~O;~":..e0-~gba:n5S~~~:~.~§<~v-tf.ii5Elt-~) –~~°"~8!0;:~~:Ss"l.~~6£b4~~~j.~GJ ~~~~'~-z~~0.~!.·!1~58":.~~i,3~–~~o'-z~.~t..OC…s.~r~…m ~U=~:a~~~~]o'·.~v~5~.~~~jo.c~~§.:="ts~":i~Q-.:;~=>~<ti~i~o4~~~~~1"~.~".u,c.'..:.~-.~~~~rlg_-~J.~~'-.J:~~~~ta~t~QI.l~~~:~tf.~i~t ~o ~·•"~u_f§.~,i:.,c:.,~.:,39.=g~i~– ,.>~~.~.".O:..~~'..!~E~~.l~:~l "."'.o"~-o~'-5;Ir.=ga_:_.__~"~"~~_•~~.,oa._,_'.U,:._=.~·!~.§~g~.'5J~;o:~cai~~:= 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 India Societies 1- – – I -I 1 _2 1 Indian Christian Endeavor Union ••….•……•… 1897 1 India Sunday·school Union…………………… 1876 1- – – – 1- -, _ _ Indian Home Mission to the Santhals………….. 1867 6 — – 3 =4 I, =-_2 15 5 258 263 5 25 -7 3- 3- 14,9_90 *30,0_00 3_ – a_ National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon. 1889 – – – 8 , 8 — 21 21 8 72 _ 61,010 – – National Y. W. C. A. of India, Burma, and Ceylon. 1896 – – – – — – 10 10 _ 131 – __ __ _ _ __ _ 36,728 Totals, 5 India Societies……………………… ~~- ~—-~8 —-7—-~–~-11-~I~~4-.-: –2—~25—–5 –~2~91—-2-9~~–71_5–_2,28–~–7 —– _.—_—_14.,9-9-0—3-0-,0~0-0 —-_._—-_ –~97_,_73_8 International Societies China Inland Mission …………………….•.. 1875 1- – – 81.1 — 2- 1 1 1- 1 5"5 20 1_60 Mission der Briidergemeine …….•…………… 1853 8- — 1 4 21 – 24 24 5 3 6 — 56 125 2 37 30 Salvation Army……………………………. 1882 – 4- 66 44 I 36 150 — 1,901 1,901 23 2,424 – – – _ 411 10,332 :– –~–9~—4,~-~- –~-67—.53r-j –40.–1-73-~— -~-1,-92-~~-1-,9-2-6 —-~~_T-~—-~—-~—_7—-+_—.-~-~—- . Totals, 3 International Societies………………. 29 2,427 7 – 61 130 180 413 10,369 30 Independent Societies Bengal Evangelistic Mission ………………… 1889 _24 _25 Industrial and Evangelistic Mission of India…….. 1880 3- – – 2 4 9- 3 North India School of Medicine lor Christian Women 189t – 3- — 2 5 — _ _ 1 – 2 24 24 5 2 Poona and Indian Village Mission……………. 18S, – _. 1 9 7 ·20 37 – 20 21 1 11 5 24 24 47 23 1,175 – _ 1 8 Strict Baptist Mission, South India…………… 1880 1- – – 1- 2 1 2 105 105 285 5 130 23 Tehri Border Village Mission………………… – 1- – — 1- 2- ,~–~—.~–~—.—,—-;~~–.~—~—-~–~–~—-~–7_–~—-_+—–~——~–~–___~_____ i Totals, 6 Independent Societies……………….. – 332 I 28 1,305 5- 4 9 11 26 55 2 68 70 11 15 13 2 129 129 23 i Indigeneous Societies Boys' Christian Home Mission …….. :…………. 1900 – — – 5 2 i1 3 10 -i 20 20 3 2 51 222 Chtnsurah and Hooghly Zenana MIssIOn……….. 1875 __ _. _ _ 1 GInoddiaavnarMi iBSSaIpOtinsatrySwSoadcieesthya oSfuvTairntanveyvapealklya ..S.o..c.i.e.t.y… 11898038 -_ -_ _, 1 1 56 Jungle Tribes Mission……………………….. 1891 _ -_ -_ _ = Ii.' -= -= 201 2231 1 8 Keskar's Christian Mission at Cholapur………… 1899 – – 110 MMaudkrtai sMTaimssilioMni.s..s.i.o..n……………………………………………….. _ _ 152254526~ 1252~6r6iO 29 14 7 55 167 906 113 National Missionary Society of India………….. 1-896 — -1 1 "8 13 St. Thomas Syrian Christian Evangelistic Association 1905 – – – _ – I' – – 1 2 1 2 1,248 60 1,956 South Travancore Native Evangelistic Society…… 1891 – _ 125 103 Tinnevelly Children's Mission ….•……………. 1901 – – -=2 1," -_~5 -_~9 =_1 1 1 10 620 1,248 4 293 '- 1891 – – -35-,4-5-2 7 360 1,530 7 1,377 Totals, 12 Indigenous Societies ………………. — -1 2 *SOO 20 2,167 – – 6 9 2,170 1,800 2,381 4 658 6,395 Grand Totals for India, 120 Societies•••.•………. _ _ -52-2-,3-4-9 55 230 —- -1,-3-5-8 –35-8 15 25 454 36 154 _ _ nil- t – — -10-,-87-2 2,558 4 10,895 – – -, – – 9 9 4-2-2-,1-3-~ -57-3-,4-5-4 – – 4 _ 4 4 4 – 1 30 5 320 —3-2-5..;..—-6-'1—-6-7'- 42 3,749 6,109 -1-1-5 -16-3 1,279. ,.17 4,'6,35' 1,270 34,084 35,354 1,2136[110,217 -4,-08-8 9-1-6-,7-7-3· -1,-47-1-,7-2-7 CEYLON American Societies t~1' , = = 396 409 t"~ = – – – 4;418 . c' FAFoomrr..erDiDceeappntt..,B, For. Mis …… " 3 ,II ld, :Ii 12Jl' 1;973' 11,973 72~ 3,818 8,758 oard of Commissions for .YA. .,MU. .CS'.AA…… 1816 3 1 ! . 2 1 4! 19 INanttei ornnatalioBnoala rC,doYm.mWitt.ee 11899~6~ — – -_ -1 It,,' '1= -_ _ – .j 1 _ -_ -_ -_ _ _ _ Trustees of Jaffna College Func!s. '…….•……… :_1_8Z_'~-;-___i–_ _i_—-+-.'__.-_Z-i-'-'___:____J .~~.,______:,—_'.-.-.–+–t-i——-~_;..'——_i_-'·-_~–i—-.–~-_-_- ~,,–__-'_-_~-_=;e—.. _ 1'—– .~-, -f-'-~~- Totals, 4 American Societies •…•.••…………. – 4 1 2 4 3 5 18 13 396 409 9 23 19 121 1,973 1,973 4,418 72 3,818 8,758 British Societies Baptist Missionary Society •……•..••………… 1812 4 2 63 69 20 110 130 2 55 *19 48 1,057 1,057 *4,200 123 1,575 8- British and Foreign Bible Society .•.••…………. 1810 1 Children's Special Service Mission .•…………… 1 2 '91 91 Christian Literature Society for India…………. . 1858 1 1 1 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands ……………. . 1 '1~ 2- 45 45 1 4 2 – – – 1 Church Missionary Society………………….. . 1818 20 62 21 760 781 9 28 30 70 2 a9_0 8,309 23 23 3 – 3 – 6162 11,613 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society …. . 18f·9 4,158 11,272 8- Friends' Foreign Mission Association ………….. . 1896 8 8 — 28 28 2 Indian Christian Realm Mission ……………… . 1903 2 12 – 56 56 4 16 129 22 895 292 1 3 – 27 27 1,650 63 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. …….. . 1840 4 4 109 111 2 16 16 285 512 982 2,846 16 220 20 2 854 904 5 24,005 1,592 'Vesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 7 ••••••••••• 1814 22 2 2 10 2 56 50 – – 4 9 43 802 2,803 29 3,850 4,676 2 -, Y. W. C. A., British National Foreign Department. IM7 14 213 325 112 7,437 7,437 337 17,137 1 ..—!—…;—-;..—-7—-+—.;—-~,- —-7—+—!–~–_+—;–~—_;_—-;:__—-;:—–i—-.— Totals, 12 British Societies ….•…..•…………. 50 2 15 36 119 222 93 2,081 2,174 55 309 369 659 13,994 23,581 44,513 529 23,767 14,932 Ceylon Societies Colombo Industrial School. ..••……………….. 1896 20 21 *300 *300 *1,000 2,287 Henaratgoda Village Mission ………………… . 1895 300 300 1,000 2,287 National Council, Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon .. 1896 18 18 ~ otals, 3 Ceylon Societies ..•…………………. 6 6 5 44 45 Continental Society Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipsic s. . . . . .. 1903 20 2 90 205 205 50 International Society Salvation Army 1882 8 5 18 157 157 128 Indigenous Society Jaffna Native Evangelical Society …………….. . 1832 2 3 3- 1 31 42 60 4 250 674 Grand Totals for Ceylon, 21 Societies …..••••…..• 62 4 19 44 134 263 109 2,680 2,789 – – 1 – – —-~ 69 483 388 783 16,388 26,101 50,196 606 27,885 26,651 .. Federates denominational Sunday·school work. No independent statistics. • Colporteurs under the immediate supervision ·of the Bible Society. • Sales depots. CEYLON 6 Net increase. 1 No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 7 Includes data for Women's Society. 2 Includes data for the Baptist Zenana Missionary Society. 8 Partial data of the Swedish Diocese, which is a mission of the Svenska – – – – -3 -No-t reported. Kyrkans Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all esti111ates are from the societies.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS ASIA-INDIA mony as exists between caste and noncaste Hindus, and intensify any Christian Progress in India surviving social bitterness between them. T HE growth of Christianity in the T India's Foe-Alcohol . last decades is shown by the fol- HE secretary of the United lowing remarkable figures: 1881, Council on Work Among Young 1,862,634; 1891,2,284,380; 1901, 2,- People in India, in discussing the 923,241; 19 11 ,3,876,196. question, "What has a convert to Christianity a right to expect of the Of the present total more than two Christian Church in the matter of the and one-third millions are to be use of alcoholic drinks?" calls atfound in southern India, where there tention to the fact that the use of are Christian colonies planted in the intoxicants in India is enormously early centuries of the faith, and where increasing. The harm done to India's considerable accessions by conversion manhood by alcoholic drinks is great. have been reported in recent years. Thousands are annually added to the There have been striking increases list of drunkards, from among those in the Panjab and the United Prov- ""ho are "moderate" drinkers. The inces, the combined figures being Church should unwaveringly and un- 379,445, as against I6g,546 ten years compromisingly teach that the use of ago. In the two Bengals and their alcoholic beverages is an unmixed evil. States the number of Christians has Only total abstainers should be orrisen from 315,198 to 464,573, while dained and tolerated as ministers of in Hyderabad an advance from 23,- the Gospel. No person's name should 000 to over 54,000 is reported. In be allowed to remain upon the registhe Native States, as a whole, the ter of the Church who is guilty of advance has been relatively greater using liquor to excess, nor should he than in British districts. be taken back into membership until he had shown that he was free from A Hindu Condemns Hinduism the habit.

T HE Christian Patriot, of Madras, T What is Hinduism? published a very interesting letter HE Leader, of Allahabad, recentrecently addrest by Mr. Justice San- ly published the replies of more karan Nair to Mrs. Annie Besant, or less representative Hindus to the who desired him to endorse a move- question, "What is Hinduism, and ment to establish a Hindu university. what is essential in it?" One, an Altho the responsible educational au- authority in himself, said, "A Hindu thorities under the government of In- is one born in India, whose parents, dia have sanctioned the project .of as far as people can remember, were the noted theosophist, and a public not foreigners, and did not profess official might therefore have been a foreign religion like Mohammeexpected to give at least nominal ap-' danism or Christianity or Judaism, proval to the proposition, the justice, and who himself has not embraced notwithstanding he is himself a Brah- one of those religions." man of high degree, totally discountenances all thought of a sectarian Another intelIigent writer said, school for the propagation of Hindu- "There are no dogmas in Hinduism. ism. He says that any revival of the You may believe in any doctrine you teachings of the Hindu sacred books can only tend to destroy such har-

choose, even in atheism, without ceas- harmonious, and full of promise in ing to be a Hindu." view of the new chapter in Indian history recently opened by the Sov- A third writer stated, "Hinduism ereigns at Delhi. The national awais adherence to certain practises im- kening in India is, of course, the direct peratively demanded and prescribed result of British rule and of faithful by it." missionary service.

The last answer comes near to the American United Presbyterian Mission root of the matter, for "practise" founded on caste is the stronghold of IN 1855 the American United Pres- Hinduism. Tho Hinduism holds to byterian Mission in India was comthe theory of "maya," viz., that menced with one missionary and his things are not what they seem, and wife, in the northern part of the Panthat the external aspect of the world jab, and it has grown under the and human life is only an illusion, Lord's blessing until there are 22 men yet the practises of social and so- and 34 women missionaries from called religious life (chief among America, 34 native ordained ministhem caste) are its very center. With ters, and 395 native lay workers. the falling of caste Hinduism will There are 43 organized congregaquickly surrender to the attack of tions, and 24,352 members, while the the messengers of the Gospel. Christian community numbers 46,451. The 181 Sunday-schools contain 8,30 Efficient Service of Bible Women pupils, and 201 day schools have 11,- 003 scholars. NOT enough is thought and. said about one of the most important The work among the Chuhras, one and valuable of Christian native of the deprest classes, is especially agencies in India. A splendid, 1.!nseen flourishing. Dr. Martin saw the opporwork is being carried on incessantly, tunity and heard the call. Unreserdevotedly and indefatigably just now vedly he committed himself to the by hundreds of native Hindu Bible evangelization of the whole Chuhra women. Their lives are obscure. class. He employed the best agents, Their efforts are not trumpeted, and pushed education, and trained boys to they have no thought of commenda- teach others, raised up teachers and tion or praise. But they are doing preachers from among them, and what no other workers could even started a theological school. Thus he attempt. They gain access to the gathered the Chuhras, baptizing four women of every class and caste. or five hundred a year. When he died Many of them are wives of village in 19IO, a canvass of the rolls of the readers living in the little scattered districts in which he labored, showed rest houses. These are in contact, that he baptized in all 7,200 Chuhras. in an intimate manner, with the na- Thus the Lord blest the work. tives, in a degree impossible to foreign agents. They are especial fa- The Basel Mission vorites of the low-caste folks and the wretched pariahs, and among these T HIS German Mission works in they succeed in the work of teach- Malabar, South Canara, in the ing inquirers and new converts.- southern Maratha country, the Nilgi- Homiletic Review. ris and Coorg, and uses three lan- guages besides several spoken by The Indian Native Congress aboriginal tribes. The first mission- aries, including the famous Hebich, SEVEN thousand educated Indians, came to India in 1834, but the society, including 1,000 delegates from a restricted at first to providing misdistance, met at Calcutta recently to sionaries for the C. M. S. and other discuss Indian affairs. The proceed- societies, was founded in the year ings opened "with prayer, and with the of the battle of Waterloo, and prepasinging of a national song," were very

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rations are already in view for cele- of the missionaries called them the brating the hundredth anniversary of most refreshing which he ever attend- 1815. In Malabar every church-mem- ed in China. Why? because Dr. Yang ber will be expected to make a con- is a man of faith and prayer, and he tribution of coins of whatever de- preaches "Christ crucified." nomination. This suggests the remark that the Christians of this mis- The Chinese Character sion, who now number, communicants and others, 18,602, are making re- AS" the late. Sir Robert Hart said: markable progress in liberality. . The Chmese are well behaved, law-abiding, intelligent, economical, Mission Schools in Ceylon and industrious. They can learn any- thing and do anything. They are T HE American COtlgregational punctiliously polite, they worship Mission in Ceylon has a system talent, and they believe in right so of 124 village schools, with 16,000 firmly that they scorn to think it rechildren in attendance. For the sup- quires to be supported or enforced port of these schools the home board by might. These qualities are not gives $570, the government appropri- simply to be found in isolated cases, ating yearly $14,000 for all expenses but are characteristic of the race as save religious instruction and the a whole." China's agricultural wealth upkeep of school buildings. But as may be estimated from the fact that the $4.50 per school appropriated by it sustains a population five times the board is hardly sufficient to pay as great as the United States upon the expenses of the religious instruc- a smaller area. The people of China tion, the school buildings themselves furnish the largest potential asset of are in pressing need of renewal. Two skilled and cheap labor of any nahundred doIlars would, on an aver- tion in the world. age, replace and equip each of these mud schools with a substitute one Traveling Then and Now of coral. A MISSIONARY writes: A new CHINA epoch has dawned in travel- ing in this part of China. We are o A Chinese Moody leaving the old and embracing the R. YANG'S parents and grand- new. We used to ride almost exclu- _ parents were Christians. He him- sively behind the "wooden-headed" self was brought up in the Methodist mule, but now the iron horse is slow- Episcopal Church and educated in the ly but surely displacing the mule on Methodist Episcopal institutions. He the great highways of North China. practised foreign medicine in an inter- The "Peking" cart has a far-away and ior city and made money, but his suc- classic sound, but as an instrument of cess gave him a proud heart, so that he torture for tired bodies and broken became cold toward God and man, and nerves it is not lightly to be dismissed; was only a nominal Christian. Then the comfortless and springless, it has held spirit of God showed him the evil in- its place for many hundreds of years fluence which he exerted, and a desire over the roads of North China. The to study the Bible was created within "patient" mule has dragged it through him. He read it morning, noon and myriads of morasses in the shape of night, until he was convicted, then con- mud roads, and over ages of rocky verted. He gave up his practise of roads, but in some places, at least, the medicine and became a teacher of the end is in sight. Bible. Like Moody, he is really a man of one book. He is now employed Passing of Chinese Idols by the Bible Study Committee to organize Bible study work throughout T HE idols of China are suffering the country. A short time ago he held from increasing neglect on the a series of meetings at Kashing. One part of the population. A writer in the Assembly Herald remarks: "The

shrewd, matter-of-fact, materialistic furloughs, two of which were spent Chinese peasant, prest for the next in England and one in the United meal, entertains no great respect for States.

ldols upon whom he spent hard-earned Miaaionary Conference at Swatow cash in offerings, but from whom he gets no help in his day of need. Nor I N spite of the rebellion in China, in these days of piping peace does it the missionaries of the South conduce to his awe of their power to China Baptist Mission held their ansee them, as one can now see them in nual conference at Swatow from Deevery section, fallen over against the cember 13th to 16th. The seven wall, with an arm or leg or sword central stations were represented, and gone. Often one sees the Buddhas, matters of great importance were dewith their sickly-placid smiles, dumped cided. The question of union in into a corner, helpless; or a hideous educational work with the English war-god, lying prone on his face and Presbyterian Mission in Swatow was broken like Dagon, with none so poor transferred to a special committee for to do him reverence. further consideration.

Educational work among the Hak- Dr. Griffith John kas will be undertaken in connection with the Southern Baptist Mission A FTER more than half a century in Canton, and a committee was ap- in the service of the L. M. S. pointed to lay before the Home in China, Dr. Griffith John has re- Board the facts concerning the large turned to his native land. A gray- emigration of the Swatow Chinese haired veteran, for he is now in his to Hongkong, Annam, Straits Settleeighty-first year, he is completely bro- ments, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and ken in health. Dr. John was born above all, to Siam, which calls for in Swansea, in r83 I, and was early the speedy sending out of missionconverted. He preached his first aries among these emigrants in their sermon at a small prayer-meeting in new homes. Strong action was taken a private house, when he was four- looking toward the opening of new teen years old. In 1855, when he stations in the unoccupied territory and his wife sailed for Shanghai, the to the west and northwest, which criticism was made that children were would form a link between the now sent to convert the Chinese. But Southern Baptists at Ying Tak and the "child" Griffith John grew into the China Inland Mission in southern a strong man who has founded more Kiang-si. than one hundred mission stations and has planted scores of churches. JAPAN From Shanghai he penetrated. the How a Japanese Was Converted A country in every direction, tho Han- JAPANESE Christian tells how he was won to Jesus: "A miskow became the center of his activi- ties. There he founded a hospital, sionary lady got 25 Japanese boys a high-school, a normal school, a di- into a class to tell us of Jesus. We vinity school for the training of na- had great curiosity to see this foreign tive evangelists, and a medical school. lady, and not caring about Jesus, we He has been indefatigable as a trans- did care to see how everything looked lator, having acquired an admirable -her dress, her books, her furniture, knowledge of the written and spo- her pictures. But every time she ken language of the people among would have us read the Bible. We whom he worked. He was also in- had the Gospel of Luke. We read strumental in establishing the great till we came to the crucifixion. She Central China Religious Tract So- could not speak Japanese; she had an ciety. English Bible, we had a Bible in J ap- Ee has spent only five years out anese language. When we read the of China since 1855; has had three story of the Cross, she got down on

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her knees and prayed for us. vVe The Presbyterian Host in Korea could not understand what she prayed, but we watched her close. Soon she T HE Korean Presbyterian Church began to cry. Then she fell on her is alert. In a membership of face, weeping bitterly. Then 25 Jap- 36,074, there are 6,308 men and women who serve the Lord as elders, anese boys cry, too. Then inside of deacons, leaders of tens, class leaders, three weeks, all us 25 boys give our Sabbath-school teachers, and in varihearts to Jesus." ous other ways, entirely at their own charges. There are only 78 organ- KOREA ized churches, but r,059 groups- churches to be-some of them with What God Is Doing in Pyeng Yang congregations of 400. Special classes for Bible study, lasting four days T HE station at Pyeng Yang was each or more, and including some established in 1895, a little more Bible institutes of a month, enrolled than sixteen years ago. It contains during the year ending September to-day about 6,000 Presbyterians 1st, 54,587 persons. and Methodists, and the Christian constituency is 10 per cent. of the The total number of adherents, total population. In the territory catechumens and members of the enaround Pyeng Yang, 27,720 more tire Presbyterian Church is only 108,- Christians are found, and they all 970. The gifts last year amounted aided during the past year the for- to $8I,309.I7 gold. If we estimate the eign missionaries and the seven or- ration of income between the churchdained pastors, the 57 evangelists, the membership in Korea and in the 63 women helpers, the 10 Bible col- United States as one to ten, the toporteurs, and the 1,700 Sunday-school tal contribution per communicant is teachers of the native force in mis- equivalent to $22.50. sionary effort. Thus it does not seem remarkable that the baptized num- Six thousand, eight hundred and bered 2,417 between October I, 1910, twenty-three adults were received on and September 30, I9II, while 3,854 confession of faith last year, and 14,- catechumens were received. In the 757 catechumens, or those under in- Bible institutes and Bible classes in struction preparatory to full mem- Pyeng Yang, 1,219 men and 981 bership. women received instruction, and they in turn instructed 12,163 men and One of the newest stations is at 6,369 women in country classes. In An Dong. First Christian service the 186 primary schools, 2,950 boys was held at An Dong in a book-store and 815 girls were taught by 296 -August, 1909, seven believers. On tellchers, while in the academies 316 the second anniversary, 220 enrolled boys and 140 girls attended under members. Seventy-three were exam- 25 teachers. The college had 49 ined for church-membership, the oldstudents this year, and a new build- est a woman of 73, the youngest a ing has been erected for them and girl of 8. for the boys of the academy. The theological seminary had 134 stu- Conditions in Formosa dents, and the graduating class had 16 members. The Christians of Pyeng T HE Japanese Government, SInce Yang territory contributed $29,524 the cession of Formosa to it by to the support and the extension of China sixteen years ago, has rendered the Church, and Koreans receive only life and property secure, built railabout one-eighth of what an Ameri- roads and other roads, and has so can earns per day. developed the country at large that it is self-supporting. The camphor Truly, the Lord is doing wonderful and opium industries are government things among and through the Ko- monopolies, but the use of opium is rean Christians. being discouraged and has decreased, so that its complete abolition is only a

question of time. The sugar indus- The country roads are infested by try is under severe restrictions, but bands of robbers, so that trade is the production is much larger than almost at a standstill. At Yezd, in the days of Chinese rule. Public which was recently a prey to looters, schools are being established among the supply of wheat from Shiraz has the Formosans, with Japanese teach- stopt, and bread is very scarce. The ers in charge, and the Japanese lan- roads are forsaken, the horses unguage is spreading rapidly. The re- derfed, and the people everywhere lations between the Japanese adminis- are starving. Add to these miseries tration and the people at large are the unhappy foreign. relations of constantly improving, tho there are Persia with Russia and Great Britain few Formosans in official positions at and one may well pity the Persian present. Government and people.

The mass of the Formosan people The Beirut Theological Seminary is still firmly held in the bonds of superstition and demonolatry. Thus, T HE Syria Mission (Presbyterian) the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, announces the reorganization of founded in I872 by the famous G. L. its theological seminary in Beirut 011 Mackay, in the north, and the Eng- an interdenominational basis. Inlish Presbyterian Mission, commenced struction will be chiefly in Arabic, in 1865, in the south, have done most and the course will cover three years. excellent work along evangelistic, English, Hebrew and Greek will be educational, and medical lines. They added to the regular courses in thehave gathered about I2,000 church- ology, history, geography, etc. Rev. members, and have 160 churches. But F. E. Hoskins, D.D., will be presithe wild savages of the eastern part dent, and the faculty will contain of the island are not yet reached. Messrs. Hardin, March and Ford as Of the 80,000 Japanese now in the other American members, with Mr. island, only 700 are connected with Ibrahim Haurani and .other Syrian the five Presbyterian and two Epis- scholars. A new building for the copal churches. While this number seminary will be erected at Beirut, of Christians is much greater in pro- and a class will begin in 1912. The portion to popUlation than that in Syrian Protestant College has prom- Japan itself, it is mainly due to the ised cooperation, and the opening of influx of Christians from Japan and the various departments of instrucnot to work done among the J apa- tion, of the library, and of the munese in Formosa. There is, there- seum to the students of the seminary. fore, urgent need of increased missionary activity among the Japanese A Call from Euphrates Colle&e in Formosa. The numerous members of the Kumi-ai churches are urging MANY Young Turks are utt~r1y the Japanese Home Missionary So- at sea in religion and morals. ciety, A. B. C. F. M., to enter the They and their associates from the field and open work, perhaps in Tai- Christian races have been educated hoku, the center. in European universities, where the religious influence was destructive, MOSLEM LANDS with the result that, as a rule, they are agnostic or atheistic in their Misgovernment in Persia opinions, and they have brought back loose moral ideas. Many openly scorn I N spite of the fact that Persia is the restraints which to us seem fun- now enjoying a democratic consti- damental. Truthfulness is despised, tution, misgovernment there was assassination is glorified, social purity probably never worse than at present. and the sanctity of the marriage re- Lawlessness is rife in the towns, and lation are ridiculed by men who are on December 1st the Governor of honored as leaders in the new life Fars was assassinated in Teheran. of the people.

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The future of Turkey undoubtedly Soon the sheik accepted Jesus as his depends on the education that future Lord and Savior. After his baptism leaders will receive. Euphrates Col- he returned to his village and began lege, at Harpoot, Asia Minor, is pre- to preach Christ immediately. Perse- paring to meet the needs of the mo- cution commenced. He was arraigned ment, but it must enlarge its facilities on a false charge, and imprisoned, and broaden its work before it can having boldly confest that his only meet the pressing demands. It needs crime was his faith in Christ. This funds for the purpose immediately. blest work goes on, a living proof • May its friends come to its aid. of the power of the surrendered life of the young man who caused him to What Mission Schools Are Doing become an inquirer.

AFTER a recent extensive tour AFRICA through the Orient, Secretary Patton, of the American Board, IHow the Dark Continent Was Peopled writes: "Mohammedanism can not N popular thought the Africans are long withstand the inroads of Chris- all negroes. But in reality the tian education and evangelistic effort. Dark Continent is a museum of races. Already our schools are drawing Mos- In the remote past, race after race lem pupils in goodly numbers. In the entered Africa from Arabia, and, heart of the Stamboul district of Con- driving the older invaders before stantinople stands the Gedik Pasha them, swept across the continent. school, conducted by our Woman's First were the bushmen, a diminutive Board. Never shall I forget walking copper-colored race of hunters. Land- into one of the rooms and finding 40 ing in the vicinity of Somaliland, they Turkish lads, the sons of Government wandered across the continent. officials and men of wealth. Straight- limbed, fine-featured, intelligent-look- The negro seems to have been the ing boys they were, and they hold the next important arrival. This power- future of Turkey in their hands. In ful black race pushed its way across other schools it is the same, especially Africa from east to west, until it in the colleges like Robert College, occupied all the country from Cape and the American Girls· College on the Verde to the Nile Valley. The bush- Bosporus, the Syrian Protestant Col- men turned their faces southward to lege at Beirut, and the institutions of avoid the inrush of negroes. the interior. In course of time Hamitic and Influence of a Spirit-filled Life Semitic tribes crossed the Isthmus of Suez or the Gulf of Aden into Af- A MISSIONARY of the C. M. S. rica, and gradually occupied the in Palestine tells a story which northern and northeastern regions. once more proves the power of a sur- rendered life in recommending the By intermarriage of negro and Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. A bushmen (and perhaps Hamite) the very wild and immoral young Mos- Hottentot race originated in the re- lem became a patient in the mission- gion north of the equatorial lakes. ary hospital. There he heard the Gos- At an unknown date these people, pel, and, by the grace of God, was driving their horned cattle before born again, a new creature in Christ them, emigrated southward, pushing and also completely changed in all his their way through the vast hunting- habits, he returned to his native vil- grounds of the fierce little bushmen, lage. So marked was the change that until they reached the southwestern it attracted the attention of the sheik coast. who immediately inquired after its cause. The reply which he received, After a lapse of centuries the bush- led him to visit the medical mission- men were again disturbed-this time ary, who preached Christ to him. by the powerful Bantu tribes. This hybrid people first appear north of the lakes, and may have originated

in the ingrafting of Hamitic and Gairdner and A. T. Upson in 1908. Semitic tribes upon a negro stock. The list is divided into three sec- A proud, imperial race they were, tions: ( I) Books specially for Mosand, disturbed in their original home, lems; (2) books for Jews; (3) books they swept over the southern half of for Christians. Africa. The conquest took centuries to accomplish, but gradually the Plans are being made for the speedy Bantu drove Bushman and Hottentot publication of suitable literature for alike into the southwest corner of women, and a "Directory of All the continent, and themselves occu- Workers Among Moslems, in All pied the mighty African peninsula. Lands" is under consideration. A" The L. M. S. work is among the small series of Arabic leaflets is be- Bantu people.-L. M. S. Chronicle. ing prepared in response to a special request from China. An Efficient Missionary Helper In its colportage work the Nile A NEW mission boat is to ply the Mission Press has entered upon a Nile. The American Mission plan of cooperation with the Church has purchased the Allegheny, at a Missionary Society, so that the Church cost of $5,00:). It will take the place Missionary Society takes the westof the Ibis, which has been used ern part of the Delta and the northfor many years. The new boat is ern provinces of Upper Egypt, the 74 feet long. It has a deck 60 feet Press takes the eastern part of the long, suitable for meetings, dining- Delta and the southern provinces of room, kitchen and bathroom. A barge Upper Egypt. The Press has five will be secured to tow with the boat, colporteurs who work hard, with to be used for a clinic and doctor's much opposition and amid great difoffice. Through the means of this ficulties. They are, however, meeting boat last year, the British and For- with encouraging success and greatly eign Bible Society distributed 28,0:)0 need funds to employ additional colcopies of the Bible or portions of porteurs and for a permanent and the same. d.dequate printing plant.

AFRICA-NORTH The Sudan Pioneer Mission The Nile Mission Press WHEN the Sudan Pioneer Mis- sion was founded in Germany T HE Nile Mission Press, founded in I905 for the twofold purpose in 1900, there were few who conof producing and circulating Chris- sidered aggressive missionary work tian literature among the people of among the Mohammedans feasible, Egypt and other countries, especially and many who took an active part in among Mohammedans, continues to its organization thought that it should do a great work. It has published simply prepare the way for future recently four more "KhutDas," writ- aggressive work in southern Egypt ten for Moslems by Sheik Abdullah and in the Sudan. Four years later with the aid of European mission- it was decided that the way was aries. The three addresses on per- open for aggressive missionary effort sonal purity which Dr. John Mott among Mohammedans, and the repdelivered to young men in Cairo dur- resentatives of the Sudan Pioneer ing his visit in March, I9II, have Mission began to work earnestly at been printed in Arabic and English, Assuan, which had been occupied and nearly one thousand copies were soon after the founding of the missold in the first two or three months sion. Darau was occupied in I907, after their publication. The Press and a third station, Edfu, in Novemhas issued a new edition of the Der, I9II. "Descriptive Guide to Books," which was brought out by Messrs. VI!. H. T. The missionaries of the Sudan Pi- oneer Mission are still the only mes- sengers of the Gospel among the

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large number of Mohammedans in him more of God's Word. But he Nubia, while in the Sudan they are hesitates and halts, when he sees in close cooperation with other so- others about to accept Christ, and cieties. Their work consists in his people approach him with compreaching, in medical missionary and plaints and fears concerning the in educational work, in visiting among spread of Christianity. the women, and in itinerant work in the surrounding villages. The t'oO Among Mohammedans in Togoland schools for girls at Assuan and Edfu have about 150 pupils, while all the I N Togoland, the German colony in evangelistic meetings are well at- Vest Africa, the number of Motended. The four Gospels have been hammedans has been increasing so translated into the Nubian language rapidly, and the danger of a spread (Kenuzi dialect), and are to be pub- of Islam has been so apparent during lished by the British and Foreign the past years, that the director of Bible Society, probably with Latin the North German Missionary Socharacters. Thus, after more than ciety, Dr. Schreiber, in his annual re- 1,000 years, the Nubian language is port for 1901, asked, "Shall the to be printed. The introduction of building of the minaret of a Mo- Latin letters, in place of the Arabic, hammedan mosque precede the erecmay counteract somewhat the use of tion of the tower of a Protestant the language of Islam, and thus break church in Lome?" Ten years later, the power of that religion. at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the society, we heard Dr. Schreiber The missionary force of the Sudan call attention to the danger threaten- Pioneer Mission consists of seven ing the heathen Erhe in Togoland European and five native workers, from the aggressive missionary spirit while four additional European la- of the Hausa traders, and said: "It borers are preparing to be sent out is our duty to pay attention to these in the autumn of this year. Mohammedans in Togoland." A few days later the executive committee of AFRICA-WEST the North German Society took ac- tion very quietly, and it instructed An Emir Almost Persuaded Missionary Funke, of Lome, then on furlough, to commence work among ONE of the earliest converts of the the Hausa in Lome immediately af- Church Missionary Society in ter his return to the field. About northern Nigeria, Mallam Fate, main- the middle of November Mr. Funke, tains himself by means of a sewing- therefore, quietly opened aggressive machine. Last fall the Emir of Kat- work among the Mohammedans in sina, a Hausa State, invited him to Lome. Thus an important forward his palace, and Fate worked his ma- step has been taken by this German chine daily in his presence, sur- society. The new work will strengthen rounded by princes and courtiers. the hands of the missionaries of the The faithful Christian daily spoke Basel Missionary Society, who are of his faith, and used his Arabic getting ready to enter North Togo- Bible diligently. He also visited the land and try to stem the tide of Momallams in the city, and he taught hammedanism sweeping in upon its some to read the Gospels in the heathen inhabitants. Hausa Roman character. When the Emir went on a five days' journey Islam on the Gold Coast he took Fate with him, saying, "I dare not leave you in the city lest DURING the days of the old heayou should convert others." But Fate then kings of Ashantiland few found many opportunities to speak of Christ, and now the Emir himself Mohammedans elared to settle in Kuhas become a diligent inquirer, and masi, but since the country has come frequently asks the Christian to tell under English rule, Mohammedans have come from the Sudan, from

Timbuctu and Sokoto, from Moroc- hitherto, selected Uhha as its new co, and multitudes of Mohammedan field of labor. It is located north- Hausas flood the country. These east of Ujiji, which is the most im- Hausas settle in quarters of their portant commercial center on the own, called Songos, wherever they eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, come in large numbers. In Wankyi and is the endpoint of the future the Songo is larger in extent and German East Africa transcontinental population than the Ashanti town, railroad. Uhha is very fertile, pro- while four to six thousand Moham- ducing, beside tropical fruits of all medans inhabit the distinct quarter kinds, dates, rubber, coffee, cotton, of Kumasi. The Protestant societies oranges, and also almost all kinds on the Gold Coast Colony (the S. P. of European grain and vegetables.

G., the Basel Society, the Wesleyan Its inhabitants, the Waha, however, Methodists, and the American Bap- have shown hitherto much hostility tists) should pay especial attention to to the German Government, and have these followers of Islam, who un- a bad name on account of frequent doubtedly retard and endanger Chris- attacks upon caravans and upon ru- tian work for Africans. lers and tribes friendly to the Ger- AFRICA-EAST mans. The Neukirchen Missionary So- Extension in German East Africa ciety, whose laborers have been busy S TRETCHING from the coast of hitherto in British East Africa and the Indian Ocean to Lakes Tan- upon Java, have chosen as its new, ganyika and Nyasa, German East third field, U rundi, which is lo- Africa has an area of about 375,000 cated a little northeast from the square miles, and a popUlation of northern end of Lake Tanganyika about 7,000,000, of whom the ma- and not far from the borders of the jority are fetish worshipers. The Kongo Free State. It is south of Moravians, the Berlin, the Leipsic, Ruanda and Usumbura, where the and the German East Africa Mis- missionaries of the German East Af- sionary Societies, the Church Mis- rica Missionary Society are doing a sionary Society, and the Universities blest work. The first Neukirchen Mission have been diligently at work, missionaries are erecting the first yet much territory remained unoc- buildings in Iruvura under great difcupied. The Leipsic Society has, ficulties. therefore, decided to occupy new ter- Thus the great stretches of land ritory in the colony, while two other in German East Africa, where no German societies, Breklum and Neu- missionaries were located hitherto, are rapidly being taken up by the kirchen, will also enter. The Leipsic Missionary Society se- German societies, which are now reallected the Kilimanjaro region, and izing their special responsibility for two of its missionaries have occu- the German colonies.

pied Iramba. The new field is a AFRICA-SOUTH table-land with about 50,000 inhabit- A South African "Orient" ants, who are settled closely together.

T vVhile Roman Catholic missionaries HE next triennial conference of missionaries, representing all the have taken possession of Turu, which is south of Iramba, the regions of. agencies at work in South Africa, Iramba and of Isansu and Ijambi is to be held at Cape Town in are entirely unoccupied. The German July, and is to be made a very spe- Government is planning a railroad cial and memorable occasion. A mis- (Mpapua-Kilimatinde-Taboral) ,which sionary demonstration or exhibition will make the region easily accessible. on a very large scale is being or- The Breklum Missionary Society, ganized to show the place mis~ions which has had work in India only have occupied in the past of South

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Africa, and their intimate relation fered to any churches which wish to to the present situation and the pro- erect hostels in connection with the motion of harmony between whites college, and three important churches and blacks. Mr. J. Du Plessis, the have taken the first steps to this end.

historian of South African Christian The college, tho not giving formal missions, is organizing the exhibl- religious instruction, is to be Chris- tion, and Messrs. Thomas G. Howe tian in tone and character.

and F. Holderness Gale (who were Are Not "Rice Christians" actively interested in promoting The Orient in London) are cooperating. I N the Limpopo district, Portuguese The bioscope will play a very large East Africa, there are 10 native part in the demonstration at Cape workers-one third of the entire Town. A cinematograph operator number in this one district-who acis to be sent round the mission fields, cept no salaries, thus making a conand the films will be reproduced first tribution of about $600 a year toward hand in South Africa. native self-support in that one dis- trict.

Racialism in South Africa Dying Out Let Others Do Likewise BRITON and Boer are showing ad- T HE White Fathers, Catholic mis- mirable qualities in their way of sionaries on Lake Tanganyika, solving the difficult problem that con- have hit on a practical plan for fronts them in South Africa. Happi- checking the Mohammedan propaly the leading men are men guided by ganda which is carried on by Arab Christian principle, men who seem traders. They have trained the nato be honestly striving to apply the tives in trading, so that the needs of Sermon on the Mount to the demands the country are met by the inhabitof the situation. At a great congress ants, and Arab interlopers, with their of all parties recently held at Dloem- vices and their religion, are no longer fontein, General Botha (presiding) able to make a living there. exprest the hope that influences would Once a Savage, Now a Saint radiate from that gathering which TEWART WHITE, who pio- S would "sweep South Africa clear of neered English missions on Lake racialism !" The language difficulty is one of the most formidable, but they Tanganyika, tells of a chief in his have apparently discovered a way out, neighborhood, .who, in order to vex so that there seems every prospect the missionary, cut off the ears, nose that South Africa will be presently and lips of an old woman and sent them into the station with his com~ a great white man's country. pliments. Later his headsman, with T Wesleyan Work Prospering a raiding band, descended upon the HE English Methodist lIission in mission garden and beheaded three South Africa has 3,609 volun- of the men peacefully working there. tary workers (i.e., teachers, local. This headsman is now a Christian, preachers, and class leaders) on its and sits at the Lord's table with roll. It built last year IS new churches those he once persecuted. and opened 86 new preaching sta- tions. A Second Uganda N November last Bishop Peel re- I N December, 190 5, a g-reat conven- turned to Mombasa from a visita- A Notable Native Achievement I tion of natives, representing prac- tion in German East Africa, amazed tically every tribe in South Africa, at the great progress made since the decided to raise $250,000 for a South tour in 1907-8. In an account of his African native college. This has recent visitation the Dishop writes; now been practically pledged and "My eldest daughter, who has trav- the college is to be located at Port eled with me three times in all the Hare. Grants of land have been of- districts previously, is able to very

fully realize with me what a grand reduced to writing. Gazaland, on the change has taken place. It is diffi- East Coast, and the Portuguese terri- cult to convey to you a correct idea tory, Swazieland, Zululand, Pondo- of what is happening. Heathenism land, all have thousands of natives is hard hit in the whole field. All who are still without the Gospel. hostility has vanished in places in They are sadly degraded through which, to say the least, there was no beer-drinking and heathen customs, welcome in past days. In every part but their sad condition can be reme- which the missionaries and their Af- died only by the preaching of the rican helpers can possibly reach there Gospel. Thus the missionary needs is interest and readiness to be in- of South Africa are numerous and structed, and in very large areas great. there are very active efforts to attend the teaching given."-c. M. S. AMERICA Gleaner. A Fitting Centennial Celebration The Needs of South Africa I T was a happy thought on the part THE South Africa General Mission of the officials of the American was organized in 1894, out of Board to keep the hundredth annithe older Cape· General Mission, for versary of the ordination of its first the evangelization of nonchristians, missionaries, Judson, N ewell, Hall, for the rousing of the Christian Nott and Rice, in Salem, and in the Church to a holier life, and for the same church, hy ordaining five other aid of existing evangelical missions missionaries soon to sail, Harlow, and churches in Africa. Its fields Holmes, Lette, Lyman and Maas. are the whole of South Africa, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Af- Thirty-six hundred were in attendrica. During 191 I there has been ance at the services of the day, which encouraging development in the well- scores of persons said was the most established centers in South Africa. impressive ceremonial they ever wit- At Lutubeni, the Lord has sent a nessed. very definite revival, which still continues. In Gazaland the attendance Christian Endeavor Moving On at the missionary schools has increased, while the numbers of in- SINCE July, 1909, no less than 10,- quirers seem to point to definite re- 345 new societies have been added sults. In Northwest Rhodesia the with 1,002,500 members. The worldwork is to be extended to a new cen- wide organization has 79,977 local ter or centers, while in Nyasaland bodies, which have 3,953,850 memevidence of the persevering labors of bers. China alone has 781 societies, the missionaries is appearing. In and India 1,337. Pondoland and in Transkei varied experiences of encouragement and Shansi Day at Oberlin disappointment have come to the workers. In Swazieland the youth- A GREAT event of the Oberlin ful king and his mother have shown College year is Shansi Day, when friendship and confidence to the mis- the college subscriptions are taken sionaries, while the work in Zululand for the benefit of the "new Oberlin has been a constant source of en- in China," now four years old. Alcouragement. ways the day following the Day of Prayer for Colleges, it is well ad- To the westward of Northwest vertised a week in advance, but no- Rhodesia there are many tribes which body dodges the collection! The big are unacquainted with the Gospel. chapel is unusually well filled, and They are farmers and cattle-raisers, all come for business. To raise $2,000 and have a dialect which may readily in ten minutes for a foreign mission- ary enterprise is something worth seeing. And to do this in a con- gregation of college young people, one-third of them more or less self-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

supporting, is perhaps unusual. But Christian service started. Thirtythey do it, and more. one years have witnessed a tremen- dous growth. According to the last The Harvest Great, the Laborers Few :eport issue~, out-of-door army meet- mgs numbermg 173,000, were held in TWENTY-FIVE of the principal twelve months, with an estimated at- tendance of some I 5,000,000. Inforeign missionary societies of door meetings of the Army num- bered 2I5,000 in a year, attended by the United States and Canada have 8,000,000 adults and 1,500,000 chil- dren. It is no unusual sight for sent to the "Student Volunteer Move- sinful men who have been touched on the street corner to follow the ment for Foreign Missions" urgent band of workers into the hall or bar- racks, and there give their hearts to calls for 629 qualified men and women, God. Those claiming their conversion whom they wish to send to the mis- last year through this method number 46,554. sion field this year. This list in- A College for Religious and Social cludes a request for both men and Workers women. The men desired are 244 HE American Interchurch College ordained and: evangelistic workers, T for Religious and Social W ork- ers, at Nashville, Tenn., is being or- 48 physicians, 50 teachers, and a ganized by educators to meet the needs of the South. Its board of number of practical business men. directors is composed of some well- known Christian leaders and educa- The women desired are 114 evan- tors. Among the special reasons for its organization are: gelistic workers and Bniobrlematleatcehaecrhs~ 82 trained college or ( I) That there is not in all the South, east of the Mississippi River, ers, 26 physicians, 22 nurses, and a any school adequately equipped for the training of laymen and women as number of kindergarten and music spec!alists m religious and social servIce. teachers, orphanage directors, etc. (2) That five denominations, the Laymen's Movement Plans Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A. urgently need training schools in the OUR Laymen's Missionary Move- South, but that they can not estab- ment, with its general staff and 20 lish separate and adequate training schools, because it takes at least a salaried secretaries, issues its policy half million dollars for the endowand program for 1912 and 1913 as ment and equipment of each. follows: To keep world-wide missions in the minds of laymen; to co- (3) That Northern training schools operate with denominational move- do not enlist enough Southern stuments to organize every church for dents to supply the demands of the missions; and to increase information South. concerning missions, and contributions from laymen to them. It an- (4) That the South probably needs nounces again its supreme function trained workers more than any other to leadership, and this leadership it part of the United States, on account will seek to apply both to the move- of rapidly changing social and ecoments within various religious bodies nomic conditions, of illiteracy and and to the organized and official attendant evils, and of the large nemissionary societies. As methods it gro population. proposes five metropolitan centers, and suggests New York, Boston, Chicago, Richmond, and Toronto as such centers. At great conventions to be held at these centers it would secure as speakers men whose missionary message will command attention.

THEA Year of the Salvation Army Salvation Army in the United States had its beginning in Philadelphia in 1880. In an old building which had been used as a place to repair chairs this form of

The Nashville Institute for the schools of North America during the Training of Negro Christian W ork- last five years. If we include the ers is to be a department of the young men of the senior department American Interchurch College, but with the men of the adult departments, entirely separate and distinct from and all the men who are officers and the institution for white students. teachers, we should find probably that Its board of directors asks for its there are from two and a half to three support because there is not in all million young men enrolled in the the world an adequately equipped schools of this continent. negro institution for the training of laymen and women as religious and What Every Church Should Have social workers, because there is not a sufficient number of negro stu- ACCORDING to the Men's Missiondents being trained in Northern insti- ary Movement, to every church tutions to meet the growing demands these four adjuncts are essential: for workers among the negroes of the South, and because the colored I. A missionary committee to work denominations are unable to establish with the pastor in enlisting the entire and operate their own separate train- membership. ing-schools. The first session of the school will be opened on September 2. A period of intensive missionary 12, 1912, at No. 323 Sixth Avenue, information and education once each N., Nashville, Tenn. year, continuing through at least two or three weeks, preparatory to an A conference of missionary train- every-member canvass for missions. ing-school workers is to be held in This should be in addition to general St. Louis in connection with the Re- missionary education throughout the ligious Education Association. year.

New York a Native or Foreign City? 3· The adoption of the weekly basis for missionary offerings-instead of OF every 100 white residents of an annual or occasional collection- Manhattan, only 51 are native with a simple and effective collecting Americans, and only 14 have native device such as the duplex envelop. American parents. In the Borough of Queens, 70 out of a ·chance 100 4. An organized and complete perwhites are native born, but even in sonal canvass of every member and Queens only 29 of the 100 are of congregation once each year by groups native American parents. Of a.ll the of two men each, after proper preparaelements of the population of Ne~ tion for their work. York, the most nearly "native American" are the negroes. The majority Agitation for Universal Peace of the 91,702 negroes in New York City are not only themselves native A N exchange thus sums up the first born, but come of native parents and year's work of the Carnegie grandparents.-Christian Advocate. Foundation for the Promotion of In- ternational Peace: "The Carnegie I The Greatest Men'. Organization Foundation for the Promotion of In- T is estimated that about 40 per ternational Peace, now a year old, has cent. of North America's Sunday- established a summer school of interschool army of 15,000,000 are over national law at The Hague, adopted eighteen years of age; and one of the an unexcelled program for the study most remarkable features in the re- of the causes of war, started an intercent development of the Sunday-school change of professors and publicists is found in the large number of men between Latin-America and the Unitidentified with it. Probably 500,000 ed States, has sent President Eliot men have been added to the Sunday- upon a peace journey to Asia, and has accomplished much more for interna- tional friendship and the abolition of war."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Converts in America organizations among Chinese students in the United States, viz.: the Chinese A YEAR or two ago 20 Chinese Students' Alliance (social chiefly), the students in the University of Illi- Academy of Arts and Science (ennois were gathered into a Bible-c1a~s couraging investigation of knowledge) in the Urbana Methodist Church, and the Chinese National Union none at the time being Christians. A (political). Almost all the important recent investigation shows that 17 offices in these three organi~ations are have confest their faith in Christ, filled by the members of the Chinese and the three remaining are deeply Students' Christian Association this interested in Christianity, altho not year. yet definitely committed to a change of faith. These young men will re- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN turn to China to assume positions of large influence in the new nation. Chinese Students' Christian Union of Chinese Students' Christian Association Great Britain and Ireland THE purpose of the Chinese Stu- I N the early part of 1908 a few dents' Christian Association is to Chinese Christian students met in unite all the Chinese Christian students London for prayer and Bible study. in North America for the promotion Others joined the little circle, which of growth in Christian character and after a few monthly meetings, was for carrying on Christian work for organized into the Chinese Students' and by the Chinese students. It was Christian Union of Great Britain and organized in Hamilton, N. Y., in Ireland. Its aims are to establish September, 1909, with 20 Christian and strengthen the members in the and 35 non-Christian Chinese students knowledge and love of God, and to (out of a total of 470 then in the seek to bring other Chinese students United States) present. In I9IO it to a knowledge of the Lord Jesus was divided info four departments, Christ. Seven or eight Chinese stuviz.: the Eastern, the Middle West, dents have been brought to Christ the Western and the Women's De- through the instrumentality of the partments. Twenty-seven classes for members of the Union. Some of them Bible study were especially organized have returned to China after the comfor Chinese students by the associa- pletion of their studies. The Union tion during that year, while three con- has now 47 members, of which 31 ferences were held during the sum- are active members; that is, Chinese mer. At present it has 330 members. students. It has been the means of The importance of the Chinese uniting the Chinese Christian students Students' Christian Association be- in Great Britain and Ireland, and has comes apparent when we hear that done much to strengthen its memthere are now 362 Chinese students bers spiritually. in the leading universities of the United States, and altogether over 800, in- EUROPE cluding 60 girls in universities and secondary schools. Michigan heads Waldensians of Italy Pressing Forward the list with 56, then comes Cornell THE men of Italy are to-day pracwith 46, Columbia with 45, Wiscon- tically without a religion: They have largely become indifferent to the sin with 35, Illinois with 41, Berkeley Roman Church, dissatisfied both with with 22, Harvard with 21, etc. From its teachings and its interference in these men will come China's future State affairs. Antagonism between lawyers, educators, doctors, engineers, Church and State continues. There in fact, leaders in every walk of life. are fewer pilgrimages to Rome, and They will play an important part in national feeling is increasing at the the regeneration of China. expense of the Roman Church. The Waldensians are taking advantage of There are three other important this disaffection and are aggressively

pushing their work. From their orig- into one, the Societe Centrale Evan- inal valleys, southwest of Turin, they gelique.

have dotted Italy and Sicily with This society is unable, however, to churches and mission stations, and meet the religious needs of these dis- have extended their work to Egypt, semines, or scattered Protestants.

Argentine and Uruguay. Most of the How great these needs are may be larger cities of Italy now have self- seen from the following facts. In sustaining Waldensian congregations, the department of Cantal, in southern and buildings commensurate with their France, there is no settled Protestant needs. In Rome a large new building minister. In the Basse Alps there is is rising across the Tiber. one Protestant minister, serving a Everywhere this once persecuted mission station supported by the people is gaining esteem. This may Evangelical Society of Geneva, but be seen from the fact that the three there is no other Protestant church.

governesses of the children of the The departments of Aube (close to Italian king and queen are 'vValdensian Paris), of Indre, of Landes (in the young women. The Waldenses num- extreme southwest), of Mayenne, of ber among their members many of Vienne, of Sarthe, of Morbihan (in the leaders in business and profes- southern Brittany, where once the sional life in the various cities of Italy. McAll Mission had a prosperous Marconi, the inventor of the wireless work), and of Corsica, have one telegraph, is a member of the Walden- Protestant minister each. Nine de- sian Church in Leghorn. partmen ts with only one Protestant church or mission station, and one Russia and the Bible 111 inister each!

G ENERALLY, Russia has prohib- Eleven other departments have ited Bibles that do not contain only two Protestant churches and the Apocrypha or spurious books. two ministers each, while there are Occasionally, the presses of the Holy still others with only four or five Synod have printed an edition without churches or mission stations.

the Apocrypha, but even now the The Protestant churches of France British and Foreign Bible Society, are scarcely able to meet their own which agrees entirely with the Ameri- needs, yet they are doing their best to aid the scattered Protestants in can Bible Society on this question. is their relig'ious destitution. These deseeking permission, in vain, in order scendants of the Huguenots should not be neglected. to circulate another such edition. Consequently, its colporteurs can circulate only such portions as the Pentateuch, OBITUARY NOTE Psalms or the New Testament, never an entire Bible in Russian, without the Rev. A. Boegner, of Paris Apocrypha. P ASTEUR A. BOEGNER, who FRANCE visited America a year ago in Religious Needs of French Protestants the interests of French evangelical missions. died in Paris recently from FEW people realize that there are the result of a stroke of apoplexy.

in many parts of France numer- He was the director of the "Societe a ous descendants of the Huguenots, des Missions Evangelique ches les who are almost destitute of religious Peuple non-Chretiens Etablie privileges. In their behalf the Frencll Paris," otherwise known as the Paris home mission societies, the Societe Evangelical Missionary Society. He Centrale and the Societe Evangelique, was a leading figure in French Prot- were founded, the first early in the estant religious and missionary· circles nineteenth century, the other some and a man of fine Christian spirit, years later. Both are now merged ability and devotion. AND MISSION LANDS OTHER SHEEP. By Harold Begbie. 8vo, fuses faith and superstition (calling faith "a stumbling-block to the evo- 355 pp. $1.50, net. Hodder & Stough- lution of humanity"), he shows that ton, London; George H. Doran, New faith in Christ and His Gospel is York, 1912. the great essential to true progress. lIr. Begbie would be more in his "Twice-born Men" was a strong element if he would confine himself to narrative and omit his philosophy. book, with remarkable stories of men In the former he excels-in the latter he fails. converted through the instrumentality CHRIST AND ISRAEL. By Adolph Saphir, of the Salvation Army. Me Beg- D.D. 12mo, 227 pp. 3s. 6d. Morgan bie's later volumes, however, have & Scott, London, 1911. contained too much of Me Begbie Adolph Saphir, the capable and deand his philosophy, and too little of voted Jewish Christian, was a man of thorough knowledge of his people God and His Word. This latest con- and of God, as revealed in Christ and His Word. An earnest Christribution to the philosophy of con- tian can not read this volume without having his faith stimulated in the version deals with India and the Sal- Dible as the Word of God and in the divine purpose to redeem Israel. vation Army. The author visited that Dr. Sophir records the fact that the fruit of Jewish missions is not empire for a very brief time, and small, as is often supposed, but that twenty-five years ago 300 converts saw its people, its missionaries and from Judaism were occupying Chris- tian pUlpits. He truly says that 'fonly mission work largely through the a true Christian can understand the claims of the Jews, because they only eyes of Commander Booth Tucker, know that the righteousness of the law and mere morality are not sufthe Fakir Singh, of whom he presents ficient."

a strong, attractive portrait. Mr. CHRIST AND HUMAN NEED. Addresses at the Conference on Foreign Missions Begbie is enthusiastic in his esti- and Social Problems, Liverpool, Janu- ary 2 to 8, 1912. 8vo, 210 pp. 25, net. mate of Salvation Army work, .but Paper. Student Volunteer Missionary Union, London, 1912. not always safe in his judgment; he This report has been issued in recquotes the Bible and commends the ord-breaking time. The volume con- tains the addresses of the Fifth Quadconverts, but he is weak in his un- rennial Conference of the British Student Volunteer Missionary Union. derstanding of the teachings of the It was the largest ever held, having a total registered attendance of 2,093 Bible as to Christ and his salvation delegates, including ISO from abroad -Austria, Bulgaria, Russia and Tur- Mr. Begbie is effective in his narra- key. The social problems were giv- tives of conversion, but weak in his explanation of the causes and meth- ods. He is picturesque and graphic, but his philosophy is tiresome and does not grip or convince. He mis- interprets some missionaries in say- ing that they teach God as the "au- thor of their damnation," or that they so present God as to make Him con- founded in the Hindu mind with the devil. Mr. Begbie also fails to un- derstand the Atonement as taught by missionaries ..

Notwithstanding some conspicuous wboeoakk.nesIstes~ehveoawlsevethr,e this is a strong need in India in glaring colors-a need which only Christ can supply. It also shows the effect of simple Christlike life and teaching on the Hindu mind. In spite of the fact that the author conen a prominent place in the program, as abutlt 70,000, a total of 146,508. and the delegates were made to feel The majority of Roman Catholic their responsibility for the reproach Christians are in the Nagasaki provupon Christ because of social condi- ince, and are the result of the work of tions at home and abroad. Francis Xavier, his associates and successors, three centuries ago. Be- In the morning and afternoon ses- tween eight and ten thousand Protsions the case was examined and diag- estant church-members are added each nosed. The darkness in non-Christian year. lands was revealed in its causes and consequences. In the evening ses- THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA. By Horatio B. sions the remedy was presented in Hawkins, M.A. 4to. Commercial Jesus Christ-a series of addresses Press, Limited, Shanghai, 1911. dealing with His character and life, His place in history, His death and The appearance of this atlas does resurrection and His indwelling. great credit to the Chinese press from which it is isuued. The maps are One noticeable feature in this con- clear and simple, but not at all comvention is the number of speakers plete in their location of cities and whose names are new to American towns. The general description is readers. Few of the famous mission- excellent, but elementary. Englishary advocates were present, but there Chinese students have the advantage was, nevertheless, evidence of spir- of proper names, being printed in itual fervor and power. The report both languages. The volume is well contains not so much a series of edu- illustrated to show the character of cational papers on mission lands as the country, ancient and modern eninspirational addresses on spiritual gineering feats, views of cities and of needs and ideals-brotherhood, social villages, trades and customs, schools betterment, religious charges, unrest, and temples, industries and trades. educational work and intercession. Each province has a separate map and chapter. The volume could not, in THE CHRIsnAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. any sense, take the place of such an Edited by Daniel C. Greene. 12mo,600 atlas as that of the China Inland Mis- pp. The Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Japan, sion, prepared by Mr. Edward Stan- 1911. ford, but it is most interesting and useful for a general elementary study This ninth annual issue of the or reference book. Many of the Japanese Mission Year Book con- photographic illustrations are of tains much that is of great interest, unique interest. for the past year was one of great historical importance. Christianity is ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. making it,S way, Japan as a nation is By Dr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer. Illusreaching out, and ethical ideals are trated, 8vo, 125 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming changing. Dr. Greene has given us, H. Revell Co., 191 L not a missionary year book only, but one that deals with all phases of J ap- Arabia, the land of the horse, the anese life. The foreign affairs are camel. spices, gems, dates, pearls and considered, the anarchist plot, the Islam, is here delightfully presented politica! parties, commerce, education, in pictl1re and story for the benefit of industrial conditions and the religious children of all ages. Dr. and Mrs and missionary situation. Like its Zwemer are charming guides, for predecessors, this volume will be eag- they .>peak the language of the naerly welcomed and frequently con- tives, they know the customs and the sulted by all deeply interested in the historY, they see the most interesting progress of Japan. The official places and people, and are fuIJ of statistics of Christian churches (De- cheery, good humor, and Christian cember, I 909 ) gives the number of common sense. We commend the Roman Catholics as 62,158, of Greek book highly for interest and informa- Catholics as 15,098 and Protestants tion.

12 ] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

AN OPEN LETTER TO SOCIETY. From Con- CHUNDRA LELA. By Z. F. Griffin. 12mo, vict 1776. Introduction by Miss Maud 84 pp. SO cents, net. Griffith & Row- BaBington Booth. 12mo, 160 pp. 75 land Press. Philadelphia, Pa., 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. Chundra Lela, the converted Hindu priestess, was a famous convert, The "nameless writer" writes from whose story has been frequently told. the standpoint of a prison cell. The The writer of this memoir, a missionletter is not bitter or prejudiced, but ary in India, was personally acquaintis candid, clear and convincing. It ed with Chundra Lela, and from her arraigns modern conditions in prison lips received most of her story. It is life, and those who know and care brief and of deep interest-an excelwill admit that most of his charges are lent book with which to answer artrue. The evils are not perhaps so gla- guments against the good results of ring as those that existed fifty or sev- foreign missions. enty-five years ago, when Charles Reade wrote his "Never Too Late to DR. ALEC'S SONS. By Irene H. Barnes. Mend," but they are none the less Illustrated. 12mo, 192 pp. Is. 6d. bad and should be remedied. The London Missionary Society, 1912. writer objects to the general assignment of criminals to one "criminal Those who became acquainted with class." He has some wise remarks to Dr. Alec will be glad to follow the make on punishment and its effects. f.ort~nes of his sons. It is a story of The picture of the peniteniary, its hfe III England and how the boys' inmethods and value furnishes food for terest in foreign missions was awakthought. The effort of courts of jus- ened and directed. Adventure and tice is, as a rule, to punish, not to re- sentiment add the usual relish, but dress or reform and, therefore, the the purpose of the book is clear and penitentiary is often a curse to society strong. The tone is wholesome and rather than a blessing. the interest well sustained.

Convict 1776 believes and says EVERY MAN'S RELIGION. George Hodges. much to prove that "fear of the law 12mo, 297 pp. $1.50, net. The Macmildoes not result in reformation." He lan Co., 1911. rightly holds that one who desires to commit a crime is in reality a crim- Dean Hodges, of Cambridge, in his inal, and therein he follows the teach- essays on religion, says that "the ing of Jesus Christ. No. 1776 also background of every man's religion is holds that when a man 'ceases to de- the fact of mystery." This is, no sire to commit a crime he ceases to be doubt, true, but the basis of the Chrisa criminal. He believes in giving tian religion is the fact of revelation. convicted men a chance to earn an These essays take up some of the imhonest livelihood, to learn a better portant problems of religion in conway of life and to have' awakened nection with revelation, miracles, within him a desire for better' things. character, the world, the flesh .and the He suggests that punishment fit the devil, happiness and eternal life. To crime, and that offenders against pros- us and to many others, Dean Hodge's perity be compelled to work to re- view of the Bible is inadequate. He store what they have injured and to calls it "A number of the most useful pay the expense of the legal action- of the books of religion, bound tothat is all. gether. They contain the experiences and conclusions of men who were The letters are exceedingly well masters of the religious life." His written and are worthy of careful view of inspiration accepts errors in reading. They do not deal with of- the Bible "in science, history, morals, fenses against God, or with the power and even in theology." He rather beof Christ to regenerate a life. This lieves that the Bible is merely a recis natural, but it is also the weakness ord of the experiences and views of of the plans of reformation suggested. uncommon people-those who were able by nature to make spiritual dis-

coveries. Nevertheless, he believes THE S'JORY OF [(OREA. By Joseph iI. Long- that this revelation is a disclosure of ford. 8vo, 400 pp. lOs. 6d., net. 1'. God. Fishel' Unwin, London, 1912. Dean Hodges believes in some THE STOLEN BRIDEGROOM AND OTHER EAST miracles and explains their use, but INDIAN IDYLLS. By Anstice Abbott. Il- he relegates the story of Jonah to fic- lustrated, 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming tion, and other miracles to poetry or H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. parable. He views the devil as the spirit of evil rather than as an evil FARMERS OF FORTY CENTURIES, OR, PERMA- spirit-a personality. Every man's re- NENT AGRICULTURE IN CHINA, KOREA AND ligion is an attempt to expound relig- JAPAN. By F. H. King. Illustrated, ion .as a philosophy rather than as a 441 pp. $2.50, net. Mrs. F. H. King, supernatural revelation. Madison, Wis., 1911.

THE OLD FAITHS AND THE NEW GOSPEL. CHIN A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. By Rev. A. B. Simpson. 12mo, 161 pp. The Annals of the American Academy The Alliance Press, New York, 1911. of Political and Social Science. Janu- These addresses are in marked con- ary, 1912. Per year, $6.00; per number, trast to the papers by Dean Hodges. $1.00. Issued Bimonthly by the Ameri- They combat the modern views of theology as to creation, Biblical criti- can Academy of Political and Social cism, the place of ethical culture, Science, Philadelphia. miracles and socialism. They also up- hold the belief and practise in modern A HISTORY OF WESTERN TIBET; ONE OF THE UNKNOWN EMPIRES. By Rev. A. H. divine healing. Dr. Simpson believes Francke. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, Lon- in a modified doctrine of evolution so don. far as it is not inconsistent with the account in Genesis. His views are CALVIN WILSON MATEER. Forty-five Biblical; and (except on divine heal- ing) in simple, unscientific language, Years a Missionary in Shantung, he states the position taken by the China. A Biography. By Daniel W. majority of conservative Christians. Fisher. Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pp. $1.50, NEW BOOKS net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Philadelphia, 1911. . AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- yoshi K. Kawakami. 8vo, 370 pp. $2.00, THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Daniel Crosby Greene, Editor. Ninth THE NEGRO AND HIS NEEDS.. By Raymond Annual Issue (1910). 12mo, 599 pp. Patterson, with foreword by President Taft. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell The Conference of Federated Mis- Co., New York, 1912. sions, The Kyobunkwan, Ginza Kyo- CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN TflE TELUGU COUN- bashi, Tokyo, 1911. ' TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated, 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. House, SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS Westminster, London, 1912. OF BORNEO. A Record of Intimate As- VILLAGE LIFE IN KOREA. By T. Robert sociation with the Natives of the Bor- Moose. $1.00. Smith & Lamar, Nash- nean Jungles. By Edwin H. Gomes ville, Tenn., 1912. M.A. And an Introduction by th~ Rev. John Perham. Illustrated, 8vo, CHARACTER-BUILDING IN CHINA. The Life 343 pp. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Story of Julia Brown Mateer. By Co., Philadelphia, 1911. Robert McCheyne Mateer. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE CAMEL COUNTRY. Co., New York, 1912. Arabia in Picture and Story. By Sam- SOUTH AMERICA. By Robert E. Speer. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East uel M. Zwemer and Amy E. Zwemer. 27th Street, New York, 1912. Illustrated, 12mo, 124 pp. $1.00, net.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for Fleming H. Revell Co., New York . Bridging the Chasm. By George F. 1911. '

Herrick, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.25, THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By the Rev. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. 25., net. S. P. G., 15 Tufton St., Westminster, 1911.

TEN YEARS' REVIEW OF MISSION WORK IN MADAGASCAR. 1901-1910. With Notices of the Preceding Decade. 12mo 187 pp. London Missionary Society's Press, Antananarivo, Madagascar 1911. '

PRISCA OF PATMOS. A Tale of the Days of St. John. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Illustrat.ed, 12mo, 318 pp. $1.25, net. Presbytenan Board of Education ' Philadelphia, 1911.

DOCTOR ALEC's SON. By Irene H. Barnes. Illustrated,. l~mo, 192 Pp. Is., 6d., net. Church MiSSIOns Society, London.