The Missionary Review of the World — May 1929

1929

WELCOME THE CRITIC!

WILLIAM T. ELLIS WHO ARE THE CRITICS?

CORNELIUS H. PATTON ARE MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

THOMAS JESSE JONES IS MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

HUGH THOMSON KERR DO MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE?

FRANCIS J. McCONNELL A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS E. STANLEY JONES THE YOUTH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS TODAY STANLEY HIGH VolulTle LII NUlTlber 5

Reveal Christ to

Christ and His lVIessage are interpreted to Moslems through Christian literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this muchneeded Christian literature for Ellypt Syria Jrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile ~lission Pres~ and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ""iJliam I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delayan L. Pierson, of New York, rice PresidenJs Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Erne,t "". Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennel! P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 Yest 75th St., New York City.

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Please mention THE :MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. EVERY CHRISTIAN WORKER Whether pastor, missionary leader, church school teacher or department superintendent, student or parent, SHOULD BE USING THE International Journal of Religious Education PRACTICAL Practical Method. in Teaching Trends in Religiou. Education What Other School. have Done Religiou. Education in Foreign Countries Sea.onal Dramatic Production Department Worship Programs STIMULATING SPECIAL COMBINATION OFFER The International Journal 0/ Religious Education, $2.00 and The Missionary Review 0/ the World, $2.50 BOTH FOR ONLY $3.50 Send in your order today to either: The Missionary Review The International Journal of the World of Religious Education 1S6 Fifth Avenue 1S13 Mailers Building New York City Chicago OBITUARY years a mIssIOnary in the Philippines; was chief chaplain of the American REV. FREDERICK B. MEYER, of London, forces in France during the War; was for many years a prominent pastor in a leader in the fight against the opium England and equally famous in America traffic; he promoted the World Conferas an author and Bible teacher, died in ence on Faith and Order and other move- London on March 27th at the age of ments for church unity. He was the eighty-three. He had held a number of author of a large number of books and important pastorates and, at the time of Duff Lecturer in Scotland in 1921. He his death, was pastor emeritus of Christ was highly honored and greatly beloved. Church, Westminster Bridge Road, London. He was active up to the last and PERSONAL had planned to visit America this spring. He was greatly beloved and his ministry BISHOP F. J. MCCONNELL, of New was exceptionally frui "ful. York, has been selected as President of the North American Home Missions Con- *** gress and MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD and DR. CHARLES L. WHITE, of New York, as BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, of the Vice-presidents. The sessions are to be- Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Western gin Monday, December 1, 1930, and close New York, died suddenly in Lausanne, December 5, 1930. Switzerland, {In March 27th, at the age of sixty-six. Bishop Brent was for some Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

LIVING ANSWERS TO CRITICS OF FOREIGN

SOllie Itruits of ~llH Hloll n ry York–Chrlstinn Blhle RNtders nnd 'Vitnesses to Christ nt Lolodorf, 1~est Africa

LII, No.5 May

WELCOME THE CRITIC!

BY WILLiAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., Swarthmore, Pa.

A!4thor of "-,'fen and .Missiotls" (md "Bible Ltl1lds 'l'OdflH"

N OBODY has ever read a crit- cruits at the bottom, there is often icism of the Republic of An- legitimate ground for adverse dorra; but criticisms of OpInIOn. I have not a spark of America, Great Britain, France, sympathy with the unwholesome Italy and Germany are as common tendency in the uninformed home- as newspapers. Doubtless Andorra land to make saccharine saints and would rather be criticized than ig- haloed martyrs out of every for- nored. All great institutions must eign missionary. I have occasion- undergo public appraisal. One sign ally met missionaries who have that the enterprise of Christian accepted as accurate this propa- missions is a world force is the ganda portraiture of themselves, continual stream of criticism to with most unfortunate results.

which it is subject. Such a one loses his sense of humor So mighty are missions that they and his sense of relative values, merit criticism. There is a dis- both of which are indispensable to ciplinary and educational quality a successful missionary.

in all criticism. "My enemy shows As a newspaper man, my crit- me what I should be; my friend icism of many critics of missions shows me what I may be." Every is that they do not know what they true friend of missions welcomes are talking about. They commit the searchlight of public opinion, the cardinal journalistic sin-ig- even when it blinds and burns. As norance of the facts. Their inac- a real factor in international life, curacy is often so glaring as to missions are properly subject to leave the reader who is reasonably review by both friends and foes. conversant with missions aghast.

Strength and wisdom come there- Reputable magazines have often by. Only the weakling desires cod- printed these articles which are dling. inexcusably uninformed. Attacks And missions have earned all of this sort should be resented by kinds of criticism, the unfavorable readers; and editors should be made as well as the favorable. All down aware of their fault in publishing the line, from boards and secre- unverified charges against a repu- taries at the top to the newest re- table and representative group of 325

men and women. Let missionary consecration, their sanity, their ef- supporters face all the facts, the ficiency are obvious to everyone ugly facts, as well as the beautiful; who really knows them. In all the but, equally, let them actively re- world-wide range of my acquaint- pudiate criticisms which are not ances there are no finer men and based upon evidence. women than some missionaries If the reader can stand the bru- whom I could name. This applies tal shock of the statement, let me to the younger missionaries, as well declare bluntly that I could cite in- as to the veterans. The post-war dividual cases to warrant practi- crop, as I have observed them in cally every criticism of missionaries action, have all the qualities that that ever I have heard-and I think make great missionaries.

I have heard them all. I gave a Hundreds of times opportunity year, in 1906-07, as a newspaper has been given to me–in print, correspondent, to visiting the ma- on the platform, aboard ships and jor mission fields of the world, to trains, in embassies, legations and study this very subj ect of mission- consulates, in clubs and social gath- ary criticism. I estimate that I erings, in newspaper offices and have shaken hands with at least elsewhere–to answer the common two thousand missionaries on their criticisms of missions. And these fields; and it has been my profes- may be answered by anyone with sional duty to scrutinize their per- a knowledge of the facts, with a sonalities and their work. So I tolerant temperament and an open am no ignorant fanatic upon the mind.

subject, even though I am a con- Surely it is the simple manhood vinced proponent of missions. duty of Christian men to repudiate Deserved criticisms should be unmerited attacks upon their own heeded. Some missionaries are representatives, who are too far misfits and should be called home. afield to speak for themselves. Of Missionary methods, and especial- late, there has been a recrudescence ly missionary buildings, are not of missionary criticism, which was always deserving of praise. Mis- for a time generally silenced by the sionary propaganda is often un- Laymen's Missionary Moy-ement.

real, unsymmetrical and not fully This new condition calls for new in accord with all of the ascertain- loyalty on the part of the churches able facts. Amusing, and some- and Christians at home.

times rather tragic, tales could be told of the effect of some mission- THE MISSIONARY ary literature that has been read o matchless honor all unsought, on the fields where it originated. High privilege surpassing thought, Missionary administration at the That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, home base likewise falls short of to be perfection, as almost every mis- Linked in work-fellowship with sionary will testify. Thee; Having said all of this, it re- To carry out Thy wondrous plan, mains to be added, as the heart To bear Thy messages to man; of my message, that as a class, the In trust with Christ's own word of missionaries rank equal with or grace above the average ministry and all To every soul of the human race.

other professions at home. Their -Selected.

ARE THE CRITICS?

BY CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., Boston, Massachusetts lIome Secretary oj the Americuu Baf1rd of Commissi,oners for Foreign Missions_; Author of II ]f'oreign Missions Under Fire/' Etc.

W HEN you hear a sharp crit- To their credit be it noted that icism of the foreign mission- missionaries, and especially mis- ary enterprise the first thing sion board directors, are given to to do is to ask, "Who is this man; self-criticism beyond many other what is his background of informa- social groups. If they are disintion; what his motive; what as- clined to follow the method of Des- surance does he offer as to the cartes and build their philosophy soundness of his views?" on the determination to doubt everything, they yet strive to be There are critics and critics. Some open minded as to method and they should be welcomed; some should receive the contempt of silence; criticize results far beyond the insome should be given respectful at- clination of the public at home. tention; and (in case of a misapprehension of the facts, or in case One of the standing complaints they have influenced public opinion of missionaries is that the Ameri- can church public is too optimistic adversely) should be dealt with by in its judgments of missionary suc- way of rejoinder. cess, too unwilling to face the dis- All honest criticism should be, couragements of the field and the and usually is, welcomed by mis- immensity of the task. If mission- sionaries, by board officials and stu- aries have not achieved the thordents of the cause. We are to ough-going critical attitude of the remember that we are dealing with scientist, they at least spend a con- the most delicate social problem in siderable amount of time (some say the world. Prof. William G. Sum- far too much) in conference and ner, the famous sociologist of Yale, discussion over better ways and used to remind his pupils at fre- means of solving the problems that quent intervals that the most com- beset them on every side. Educaplex and difficult subject which we tional missionaries, while on furnow have to study is the constitu- lough, resort to advanced schools of tion of human society, the forces pedagogy in order to acquire the which operate within it and the best that American educational scilaws by which they act. He had ence can afford. Were our misno patience with the half-baked sionaries so inclined, they could opinions which drifted into his furnish the public with a body of classroom from the platform and constructive criticism far beyond press. If this is true of sociology anything we have seen in recent how much more is it true of mis- magazines and books. sions which, in addition to the considerations Professor Sumner had While the missionaries are so en- gaged, the boards are pursuing in mind, have to do with the subtil- processes of research, and recently, ties and immensities of religion and through the action of the Foreign all the contacts, philosophical, the- Missions Conference, following the ological and human between the suggestion of the Jerusalem Counhistoric faiths of mankind! cil, have gone on record as favor- 327

ing a development of the research ment pressure as a missionary "de- idea beyond anything attempted bacle."

hitherto. It is their conviction that, Most American press corre- next to the spiritual incentive, the spondents are entitled to less praise.

call just now is for the scientific In one case it is known that a high- approach to our fundamental prob- ly injurious report, to the effect lems. that "a prominent missionary lead- Let no one think that friendly, er" in Shanghai admitted the total painstaking criticism is other than failure of missions in China, was welcome in mission board circles. a pure fabrication. Yet this report The more of this sort of observa- was given wide currency in the tion the better. American press. There are not- able exceptions, of course, but Some Recent Attacks American correspondents general- Of late, however, there has been ly were over given to sensational an avalanche of criticism of quite stories and far too frequently a different sort. Not since the days sought information in the anti-mis- sionary circle of those afflicted by of the Boxer uprising in 1900 has "the Shanghai mind." the cause of .foreign missions been subjected to such fierce attack as N ext I would name the "smart during the past two years. It is writers"-the men and the women significant that again the occasion who earn their living by preparing is found in political conditions in "snappy" articles for the secular China which, in certain respects, magazines and the daily press. have affected adversely the Chris- These, in my opinion, should be tian enterprise in that land. dealt with for the most part with good-natured tolerance. One must Leaving to others the meeting be very "smart" indeed to make a of these attacks in detail, I am living in that way. The surest content here to classify and briefly road to a hearing is to attack somecharacterize certain of the objec- thing traditional and sacred. Fortions by way of putting unsuspect- eign missions have been the happy ing readers on their guard. hunting ground of these writers Some newspaper correspondents since the days of Dickens and Bor- have misinterpreted or falsified the rio-boola-Gha. Let them not how- happenings in China. The British ever quote the immortal Dickens correspondents, while occasionally as an example, since the "telescopic making an unfortunate slip, as in philanthropy" of Mrs. J ellyby de- the case of the utter misinterpre- served well the caricature it re- tation of an evangelistic poster is- ceived. Before Dickens was Her- sued in Shanghai, for the most part man Melville, the author of Moby- were fair minded and as accurate Dick, just now in process of being as the complex situation allowed. "revived," with his bitter attack It is noteworthy that the London on the missionaries in the Marque- Times and other British papers sas and Hawaiian Islands, charg- stood by the missionary enterprise ing them with misrepresentation in an intelligent way. It would and insincerity, and, in one of his not have occurred to a British edi- works, indulging in stories so sala- tor to characterize the evacuation cious in character that the Ameri- of mission stations under govern- can publisher insisted upon their

WHO ARE THE CRITICS?

elimination. The most recent bio- person will admit as a witness grapher of this prince of clever against missions a man who acwriters frankly and boastfully ad- cuses Stanley of murdering one of mits that Melville was living in his companions and Livingstone of open immorality during his stay in "keeping native wives." It is to the South Seas. It is well to re- the credit of the English publishmember that we have on hand a ers of the book that they refused considerable class of writers who to print so outrageous and unmust find something slashingly founded a statement. Again allowcritical to write about or starve, ing for noble exceptions, the and that publishers as a rule have generally hostile attitude of coman insatiable appetite for the liter- mercial circles in the foreign ports ature of attack. Why begrudge is to be accounted for on the ground them a chance to make a living? of "the eternal warfare between It is well also to remember the nar- those who go to a backward people rowness of the thought-life of to lift them up and those who go many educated people who habitu- to exploit them." ally display their prejudices against foreign missions. I hesitate to mention the attitude of foreign visitors and foreign stu- Next come the "globe-trotters" dents in America, as injustice may -an army of them in these days. easily be done through a brief or Every few weeks some devoted pas- generalized remark. One must tor or layman writes for letters sympathize deeply with our guests of recommendation to our mission- from mission lands, in the intensity aries in view of a contemplated of their patriotism and their chamtrip round the world. Thank God pionship of the best in the culture for tourists of this type! Their of the lands from which they come. testimony, when they return home, Their criticism of missionaries is is of great value. These are not sometimes acute, but they are even the typical "joy-riders" round the more out-spoken in regard to the world, but students of human in- defects they find in American sostitutions and affairs. For the oth- cial and political life. We admit ers, read Seldon's characterization the sad indictment, and while we in his "Are. Foreign Missions a plead that in all fairness a distinc- Failure"* and judge if their opin- tion should be made between Chrision is of any worth. tian America and America con- sidered as a political unit, cer- Some traders and commercial tainly between missionary-minded agents of late have had much to America and America as a whole, say in derogation of missions and we should keep in mind that our mISSIOnaries. This, it is well to self-criticism, which is constant recall, has always been the case and unsparing, is likely to be our and it always will be until busine~s salvation. We may urge that until becomes regardful of something be- a similar spirit of thorough-gosides selfish gain. There is no ing self-examination characterizes particular objection to the popu- these foreign representatives when larity of Trader Horn, so long as they return home, we can hardly people take the old gentleman for expect them to understand the mowhat he is-the Baron Munchausen tive which sustains the missionof our day. Surely no sane minded aries in their midst.

* }'leming II. Reyell Company, New York.

When Mr. Chang Po-Ling, the he fails to apprehend the universal distinguished founder and head of significance of His message and the Nankai University in Tientsin, life, why should we be surprised was taking post-graduate studies at if he rejects the missionary pro- Harvard, he was attacked by cer- gram of the church? The wonder tain of his fellow Chinese students would be if such a correspondent, on the ground that by taking a writer, tourist, trader or student stand as a Christian he was re- should take any other than a negavealing an utter lack of patriotic tive attitude in respect to a movefeeling. "How dare you," they de- ment which seeks to make Christ manded, "come over here to gain regnant in human affairs. help for our nation and then turn your back on our nation's most The conclusions I draw from this sacred principles and institutions ?" barrage of hostile comment are Chang Po-Ling silenced them by that we are living in an age which saying, "How dare you come over is not only critical but superficial, when people, even church people, to a country like America and to an are prone to take up with almost any opinion which appears to bear institution like Harvard, founded the stamp of neutrality, breadth by Christian people and for the and a desire to overthrow existing purposes of the Christian religion, ideals and Institutions; that there and not make the slightest ac- is need of pulpit discussion of the knowledgment of your indebted- uniqueness of the Christian mesness to Christianity for what you sage and person of Christ; and, have received?" finally, that a great opportunity is afforded the advocates of missions Of course these, and other atti- to set forth the facts as to the tudes, are to be explained prima- steadily advancing Kingdom of rily on the ground of a lack of belief Christ. At a time like this one in the Christian religion. If a man recalls the words of our Lord, "It does not accept Christ as the di- shall turn to you for a testimony." vinely given Saviour and Lord of the world, or if, accepting Christ, T HE missionary enterprise is not a matter of interchange of civilizations or of comparing spiritual cultures. It is a matter of making Christ known to all the world. The Christian Church has something to give to the rest of the world and foreign missions are the effort to give it. The effort is at least as legitimate as the introduction of science and of modern medicine and surgery. No one objects to that as evidence of an unwarranted "Western superiority complex." It is not Western science and medicine and surgery. It is the truth about these things, and that truth is universal, not Western. Why should it be right for selected individuals from India and China to come to America or Europe to find truth, and wrong for us to take it to the great multitudes of their countrymen? The Christian faith is a truth and a treasure greater than any other that we possess. It is our duty to share it and to appeal to all men everywhere to take it as their own. It is theirs by the same title that makes it ours and there are depths in it which will only be found as we explore them together apprehending with all saints, as alone we can, the full dimensions of the love of God, and all attaining, as the only way in which any of us can attain, the unity of the faith and the stature of the fullness of Christ.-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

BY DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES, New York Educational Director 01 the Phelps-Stokes Fund ARE missionaries pioneers of sent their missionaries to the f i civilization? south and organized schools and In these days of question churches for the general improve- and doubt as to all forms of human ment of those who had been reinstitutions and services, this ap- cently emancipated. Through the pears to be a legitimate inquiry. decades that have intervened, these The approach of the present writ- churches have expended large sums er has been that of independent of money and sent devoted men research in the field of economic, and women to serve the Negro social and educational service in people. For many years, the eduthe United States, Africa and the cational facilities suppJied by the Near East. His purpose was to mission schools offered almost the ascertain the extent and quality only opportunities for their educaof the influences exerted by govern- tion. While public school facilities ments, commerce and industry, have steadily increased, schools philanthropy and missions. The and colleges maintained by mission social conditions observed have in- boards are still a most vital part of cluded health, industry, agricul- the educational system. This has ture, neighborly relations, family been especially true of the high welfare and the moral and spir- schools and colleges and continues itual needs of the people. Facts as to the present time. It may be truly to the influences and the agencies said that Negro leadership, espehave included the testimony of all cially the teachers, the ministers parties concerned. The survey and the physicians, are largely the commissions whose findings sub- result of missionary effort. While stantiate the observations herein such schools as Hampton and Tuspresented were composed of the kegee Institutes are not directly representatives of specialists in the under church boards, they have revarious fields of research, as well ceived a considerable proportion of as representatives of Nationalists, their financial help from religious government, business and mis- people. With full appreciation of sions. the increasing public school facili- As the ideals and many of the ties of all grades it may be confi- methods of home and foreign mis- dently asserted that mISSIOn sions have much in common, it schools and colleges are still necesseems desirable to present evidence sary to the effective education of of activities and results achieved the Negro people. in both spheres. This similarity It is, of course, true that the is especially true of the home mis- educational and religious methods sion work for American Negroes had the limitations of the time in the southern states and many when they were originated. North- of the foreign mission activities. ern people, with little or no under- Beginning immediately after the standing of Negro life in the south, Civil War, the Northern churches transferred their methods with but 331

little adaptation to the special more effectively, to re-organize needs of the people whom they their home life, and to provide rec- served. Subjects were introduced reation for the rebuilding of their into the school curricula because bodies and their souls. Above all, they had been used in new Eng- they have freed the people from land. To the eternal credit of these superstitious fears and have im- missionaries, however, it must be parted to them a new confidence recognized that they gave the best in life. In place of the gods and that they knew. Their sincere pur- the spirits whom they feared, the pose was to develop the Negroes missionaries have helped them to into a full Christian manhood and know the God of love.

womanhood. The errors of their To be sure, the type of men and methods were no greater than women in the mission field includes those of government and of other a great variety of personalities agencies engaged in the same task. Some have been highly emotional Best of ali, the results which they and narrowly religious. Others achieved in intellectual develop- have been very limited in knowl- ment and sound character more edge and rather restricted in use- than justified their methods. As fulness. Like the home mission- a former Georgia Superintendent aries, there has been at times too of Education once said, "History great a tendency to impose their will increasingly recognize the own ideas of life and religion to debt which America, and especially the disregard of the native condi- the southern states, owes to the de- tions and customs. Educational voted missionaries whose sacrifices methods have often been formal and services helped the Negro to and unrelated to the daily needs.

a better way of life." With full recognition of these The services of foreign missions errors, missionaries as a group have, in many respects, been more have endeavored to serve the peo- picturesque and dramatic than ple in all sincerity. Their successes those of home missions. They have have far outnumbered their fail- involved a different type of sacri- ures. In comparison with the rep- fice and the possibilities of error resentatives of business and gov- have been greater. The basic im- ernment, the mistakes of mission- pulse has been the desire to preach aries have been no more numerous.

the Christian Gospel. They have As a rule, their devotion to the peo- literally gone to the ends of the ple has surpassed that of all other earth to carry the message of faith groups. They have been the first and hope. Careful study of their to know the native languages and work in Africa and in the Near customs, to urge the elevation of East has revealed a surprising va- the position of women, to combat riety of substantial services to the the ravages of diseases and to con- peoples and the countries in which demn tribal cruelties, commercial they' work. To most of them, the exploitation or government oppres- preaching of the Gospel has meant sion. For all these services, civili- much more than the verbal pre- zation and Christianity should ev- sentation of the Christian doctrine. er be grateful to missions and mis- Through neighborly relations, they sionaries.

have helped the people to learn the In view of the increasing inter- laws of health, to cultivate the soil est in international relationships,

ARE MISSIONARIES EFFECTIVE PIONEERS?

the services of foreign missionaries in the past is bound to be that they should receive larger and more in- are the pioneers of civilization telligent appreciation. The true wherever they have worked. The pioneers of foreign service have readers of the REVIEW are proba- been the missionaries of the Chris- bly sufficiently familiar with mis- tian Church. In most instances, sionary activities without adding they have preceded even the com- other illustrations observed by the mercial and imperialistic agencies. writer and by the educational com- Certainly, they were the first to go miSSIOns which he represents.

abroad with a genuine humanitari- Those who desire authoritative ex- an purpose. To those who realize amples of sUbstantial services are their motives, as well as the quali- referred to the reports of the two ties of their service, it is indeed Phelp-Stokes Commissions, EDU- surprising that criticism and doubt CATION IN AFRICA and EDUCATION should now become current. IN EAST AFRICA. These volumes Careful' consideration of these present first-hand evidence of the criticisms often shows their origin achievements of missionaries in to be misunderstanding or ignor- practically every colony of Africa.

ance on the part of superficial ob- Hitherto, missionaries to Africa servers. In 'some instances, they have been the main support of edu- are due to the sensitiveness of na- cation along all lines. They have tionalists who resent any form of made a notable contribution to the what they call Western intrusion. improvement of health. They are It is, of course, also true that mis- the leaders in movements for the sionaries, like all Western visitors, better use of the natural resources.

have made mistakes in their ap- They have been the first to reduce proaches to countries and peoples the native languages to writing of other lands. On the long view, and to supply the people with read- it seems certain that these misun- ing material necessary to their derstandings are of a temporary education along all lines. They have character. They represent a pass- been, and are still, the most reli- ing stage in international relations able witnesses as to injustices and mission service. The world wherever oppression prevails.

seems to be going through a period They have been most effective in of chaotic changes and reorganiza- the elimination of degrading sen- tions. During these transitional sual habit's and amusements and periods, every organization, and in the substitution therefor of rec- even every individual, seems in- reations that up-build body, mind evitably to be involved in some and spirit. Above all, they have form of quarrel and criticism. helped to free the primitive mind With the return of peaceful rela- from fetishtic fears and to implant tions and of more deliberate atti- faith in the God of love.

tudes, the motives and services of The experience of our commismissionaries will surely win the sions with missionary societies has confidence and gratitude of those given the definite impression of who are concerned in human wel- their willingness to recognize erfare. rors and to accept suggestions for the improvement of their work. Their Educational Work The emphatic conclusion of any During the last ten years of rather genuine study of missionary effort intimate association with mission-

ary committees, we have been world. With the late Dr. J. E. K.

gratified by the eagerness of board Aggrey, a native African, who secretaries, and especially the mis- knew full well the debt of Africa sionaries themselves, to give genu- to Christianity, the supporters of ine consideration to recommenda- Christian missionaries should rec- tions for changes in methods. ognize their debt of gratitude to During these days of interna- the faith which has been the in- tional chaos and nationalist upris- spiration of genuine service to hu- ings, the missionaries have been manity. Willingness to withdraw almost pathetically eager to under- the terms "mission" and "Chris- stand the new conditions under tian" seems clearly to be a form of which they must work. To be sure, surrender, and possibly even of there are exceptions to this atti- disloyalty and ingratitude, to the tude. A few may be charged with ideals and the faith that has sent blindness and even obstinacy in forth into the world the Christian the face of real demands for pioneers of civilization. Adapta- change. Some have seemed too tion to the special needs of natives willing to cast aside the traditions and nationalists and full sympathy of the past and even the funda- for their attainments do not re- mental principles of their methods quire a denial of well-established and ideals. This is strikingly il- convictions nor a disregard of gen- lustrated in the acceptance of an uine accomplishments. There is un- almost hostile attitude of many to- doubtedly a happy medium between ward the term "missions" and a sense of Western superiority and "missionary," as well as in a ques- complete resignation to manners tioning attitude of some even to- and customs of nationalists or na- ward "Christian." While such tive peoples. The impulse to al- attitudes may be praise-worthy as truistic interest in others is as indications of an open mind, it is sound as the demand for self-de- urged that the missionary achieve- termination. True service repre- ments of the past do not warrant sents the blending of both atti- the acceptance of an inferiority tudes. More and more, we are complex as to these vital designa- learning that it is better to work tions in the Christian system. The with the people than merely to elimination of such a term as work for them. Certainly none "Christian" seems unthinkable to have surpassed the missionaries in those who have any knowledge of the rapidity with which they have Chrjst~an service throughout the been accepting this ideal of service.

C OMPARE the cost of missionary educational work with the cost of schools in one New Jersey town. The number of children in school in this town was 3,314 and the annual cost, $395,1417, or $119 per pupil for the year. In Presbyterian mission schools there were 110,653 pupils at a cost of $546,972, plus the salaries of foreign missionaries engaged in educational work which might be estimated at $500,000. This makes an average cost per pupil of $9. In the American town the schools run only through high school, while the foreign mission schools include colleges, universities and graduate schools.

The Mission Board might have spent its whole outlay of $4,903,847 last year on its schools alone and the expense per pupil would have been only $44 or about one-third of the cost per pupil in the typical town used for illustration. -Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Author, Lecturer ana PaBtor of ShadYBide PreBbyterian Ohurah T HE English painter Haydon Today the tables are turned and once entertained a company lo! these same critics rise up and of distinguished artists and complain that the missionary is so men of letters, among whom were ubiquitous, so surpassingly influthe poets Wordsworth and Keats. ential in the lands beyond the seas, During the dinner, in a spirit of that an end should be made to the good humor, Keats proposed a whole business. To such a facetoast to the memory of Newton, about attitude one is tempted to the scientist. Wordsworth refused reply, as did Isaac to his interestto participate because Newton, by ing but deceptive off-spring, "How his scientific analysis, had taken didst thou get there so quickly, my the poetry out of the rainbow. son?"

Wordsworth loved the rainbow and If we analyze the criticism levwe remember it was he who said elled at missionaries and the mis- "My heart leaps up when I behold sionary enterprise we will discover a rainbow in the sky." He was that most of it comes from an at- alarmed lest the rainbow, by be- titude of mind which today loves ing broken up into prismatic col- to look out upon all religion, and ors, would lose its romance. But especially upon Protestant Chris- Wordsworth was mistaken. The tianity, through smoked glasses. rainbow can never lose its romance. The reflection set forth concerning The more it is analyzed the better America in such a book as Seigit will be admired by both the man fried's "America Comes of Age," of science and the poet. a book widely circulated and en- There is an impression abroad thusiastically received, is sympto- in the land that when foreign mis- matic of the way in which Amerisions are subjected to scientific cans today are willing to stand analysis at close scrutiny the ro- back and look at the inheritance mance fades out of the enterprise they have received from their fa- and we are left exploiting a dying thers and make merry over it. Viscause. We are needlessly alarmed. count Grey tells us that the night It may be that it is well for the before war was declared between cause if the romance that hangs Britain and Germany he stood over it lifts and we face the facts looking out from the windows of in the light of the everyday drudg- the foreign office and saw the lampery, the encircling difficulties, the lighter going about the city streets.

downward drag that belongs to Turning to the friend at his side every great and good cause that he said, "The lights are going out has come through generations all over Europe tonight and they fighting for its life, and still carry- will not be lighted in our generaing on in triumph. tion." If one thoughtfully reads much that is written in newspa- There was a time when folks op- pers, magazines and books and set posed foreign missions and pre- forth by commercialized lecturers, sumed to ignore their influence.

335

he gets the impression that the The other day a great Christian lights are going out everywhere, apologist spoke before a student not only in the foreign mission assembly in one of our state unifield, but in the church at home. versities. He presented the Chris- tian way of life without denomi- Christianity Under Attack national or theological bias. Next day the college paper, in comment- This critical, and at times cyni- ing on the service said: "The cal attitude, grows out of the fact speaker himself was accepted favthat the Christian religion itself orably; but the type of talk preis everywhere under attack. This sented was ill-suited at such an is the day when psychology and assembly." The Chairman of the physics have the field. Even phi- Chapel Committee said "More conlosophy is obscured and there are sideration of the varied represenphysicists who say philosophy is tation of sects and creeds should done for. The result is a weaken- have been given by the speaker." ing of the spiritual interpretations that must belong to life that has This is a prevalent attitude of any background of eternal reality. mind today towards the non-Chris- The uniqueness and supremacy of tian faiths. It is an attitude of the Christian faith is thereby ques- sympathy and good will, but based tioned, or loosely held. There can upon an inadequate gathering of be no Christian enterprise either the facts. There is good, much in America or in Africa unless good in the non-Christian faiths Christianity is held to be supreme that have been followed by miland to be supernatural. In speak- lions in past centuries and perhaps ing in criticism of foreign missions the missionary has not used this lately a cultured young lady said, cultural and sympathetic approach "You know, I never have believed in the wisest way. Perhaps some in foreign missions. I was a Uni- have lacked the intellectual traintarian." She was quite unconscious ing to do so. That day, however, of the far-reaching significance of is gone. The best appreciation of her comment. In the last analysis the non-Christian religions is comthe thing that really counts for ing to us today out of either misthe Christian Church in the foreign sionary experience or the missionmissionary program is the mandate ary passion. Nevertheless the of the Master that issues in the unequivocal and unanimous testicommand "GO." mony of all nationals represented at the Jerusalem Missionary Con- Other Religions Good Enough r ference was to the effect that Chris- tianity has no rival and that they The weakening of Christian con- had failed to find in the religions viction is paralleled by a growing of the Orient what they had found appreciation of the non-Christian in Christ. A syncretistic religion religions. A group of students who is no religion. A non-redemptive were asked the question "Is one religion is no true religion. A rereligion as good as another?" replied "Yes, for the man whose re- ligion that is a mosaic constructed ligion it is." If one were to ask by an eclectic process is no reli- "Is one system of medicine as good gion. Those who know the nonas another?" a different response Christian religions best are those would be given. Why? who are most missionary-minded;

IS·MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

and the critics of Christianity, row patriotism to other nations.

from the point of view of world If America is for the Americans, religions, cancel one another. then why not China for the Chi- No Religion to Export nese and Africa for the African? Thus we would build a wall around Criticism arises from another nations, compelling them to live source. Weare told America has for themselves and for themselves no religion to export. "We need alone. This is impossible. What all we have. America is not a have we that is born entirely out Christian country herself. It is of our own national life? Is our hypocrisy on her part, in the light literature, our music. our art, our of her race prejudice, her internal law of our own making ? We are lawlessness, her banditry, her po- debtors, and joyful debtors, to the litical corruption, to commend her Italian, the German, the. Russian, religion to other people." Such the French, the English. Our mu- criticism has in it a sting. We, sic halls are filled with the melody however, are not commending of foreign music, and our art gal- American civilization or our or- leries speak of the contribution ganized Christianity; we are com- which other nlltions have made to mending Christ and the Gospel of the beautiful. We can erect no His love. The criticism itself, how- tariff walls against truth and good- ever, is masked hypocrisy. We ness and beauty. The tides of could as truly say "We need all truth and error beat on every the culture and education we pos- shore. Ideas do not ask permission sess; we need all the hygiene, the to enter from any customs officer medical science we possess; we on earth. There is no wall high need all the wealth we have for enough or strong enough to keep there is poverty and need at our out the truth, whether that truth doors." belongs in the realm of science or In the realm of the soul, giving art or, religion.

does not impoverish but withhold- And people do not want walls ing drags men and nations down to keep out truth. They are reach- to death. Behind this attitude lies ing out eagerly after more truth.

a subtle nationalism that has de- Those who say that China and In- veloped in America since the war dia and Mrica do not want the and which, in political life, shows truth are not speaking the truth itself in an Americanism that has themselves. Christianity is truth, an imperial flavor but is neverthe- and what the Church means to do less provincial. The Christian and will not be disuaded from do- Church, in leading out into paths ing is to lay that truth down be- of world service, voices a protest side the truth of every department against a narrow and selfish patri- of life, of every age and of every otism and lifts the eyes of all our land, and let men choose to take people to the gates of opportunity or choose to leave. When it is said that are everywhere open. that China has driven out tl).e mis- Non-Interference Palicy sionaries, and therefore does not wish what they have to contribute, This same narrow nationalism there is a misunderstanding of the finds justification in ascribing the situation and a misrepresentation same rights and privileges and nar- of the facts. I can only speak of 2

what I know. In all contacts with the missionary endeavors of the Japanese, Koreans and Chinese past centuries can show results during months of intense study of criticism will be silenced. Has the the missionary work at first-hand, foreign missionary enterprise been after repeated personal interviews, successful? Have foreign missions one impression remains that there failed in China? Because tourists, is a sense of gratitude on the part circling the globe, stop at port of the peoples of the Orient for cities and see no cathedral spires, the work done through the mission- and listen without adequate underary enterprise. standing of the situation to the cynicism of those who go out to Of course mistakes have been exploit the "heathen," they return made. Methods have often been saying "Missions have failed." Beill-judged. Rivalries have existed, cause long years go by without theologies have been in conflict; showing quick returns men turn natives have been kept too long and look at their neighbors and under tutelage; missionaries have say "Is it worth while?" Business too often been masters and not men take their pencil and figure servants; but after all the record overhead, and shake their heads. is added up we "see welcoming When men and women in the enhands and -loving hearts waiting thusiasm of their first love go for those who come offering the forth to the malarial districts of Gospel of grace and truth. Any- Africa, and before their first furone who thinks that the Orient lough comes round their lives are does not need the healing of the Gospel, let him read Hu Shih's ar- ended-what shall we say? No ticle "Civilization of the East and one raises his voice because Cap- West" in Whither Mankind. In tain Scott went off into the Antthat essay the oft-repeated state- arctic in the interests of scientific ment that the East is spiritual and exploration and laid down his life the West materialistic is analyzed in loneliness and silence in that and overthrown. Hu Shih does far-off, uninhabited region. There not commend Christianity but is no voice of criticism, but only clears the way for it. Speaking a glad acclaim, for the courage and of the Chinese religions he says: heroism of Commander Byrd who "Do we earnestly think it moral sets out to sketch the outline of or spiritual to inculcate in that ice barriers and inland seas and beggar-woman a false belief which mountain ranges that have no reshall so hypnotize her to make her lation to human happiness or sowillingly live and die in such dire conditions where she ought not to cial welfare; but when men and have been had she been born in a women go forth to lay down their different civilization? No! a thou- lives in a foreign land in order sand times no! All those hypnotic that there may come an increase religions belong to an age when of peace and joy and human hapman had reached senility and felt piness and eternal hope to their himself impotent in coping with fellow men, the voice of criticism the forces of nature." is heard proclaiming the offering up of unnecessary sacrifice. Have Missions Failed! Whose lives have been laid America is a nation of pragma- down? Whose money has been extists. We test truth by results. If

IS MISSIONARY SACRIFICE JUSTIFIED?

pended? Who have made the sac- gard and give it every possible fa- rifice? Does criticism come from cility for its propagation." Who the Church that has provided the said that? Admiral Saito, the Jap- life and the money to fulfill the anese governor-general of Korea.

last great commission of our Lord? "The foreign mission era in Ja- Have the heroes and heroines who pan is not yet drawing to a close have laid the foundations of a bet- and any misconception in that re- ter world complained? Did Horace gard should be dissipated and the Pitkin, who gave his life in mar-· sympathy, the prayers, and the ac- tyrdom to China, after two years tive participation of American of service, complain? Do the men Christians encouraged to the full- and women who share the sacrifice est extent possible." Who said by their contributions and consist- that? A conference of Japanese, ent support complain? Who are held at Karuizawa in 1928.

the critics who write and speak The Presbyterian Board of For- against the missionary enterprise? eign Missions spends every year What sacrifices have they made? now in foreign missionary work What investments have they in the a little over six million dollars; proposition? Does heroism belong two-thirds coming from the home only to the adventurer and the sol- church and one-third given by the dier and the aviator and not to the people in foreign lands and of this social worker, the minister, the money two-thirds is spent in the missionary who gives his life with- support of American missionaries out complaint and without any and one-third on the support of thought of heroism or reward, that native work. For every dollar we may have a Christ-like world? spent on a school or college or hos- David Livingstone, who laid down pital anywhere in the foreign mis- his life in Africa, said "I never sionary field the native people made a sacrifice." James Chal- themselves give two dollars. How mers, whom Robert Louis Steven- absurd, then, to say that it takes son called "The greatest man in a dollar to send a dollar.

the Pacific," said "Let us stop talk- It has been pointed out that for ing about the twaddle of sacrifice." all the hospital work and dispen- Failure is written over all that saries carried on by the Presby- man touches, and yet among all terian Church in foreign lands, and the enterprises which have been there are eighty-nine hospitals and handled by human hands and in- one hundred twenty-two dispen- spired by human hearts there is saries, the church at home provides none that has had such magnificent less than sixty thousand dollars.

success, such abiding and continu- If you compare that outlay in mon- ous reward as the work of the for- ey with the returns in service, with eign missionary enterprise. the cost of supporting the hospital A Few Concrete Facts in your own village, or your own city, you will be amazed. The same Suppose we dogmatically and is true in the realm of education without verification put down a and of church support.

few missionary facts. "There is One of the greatest of our Chris- scarcely a place in which the in- tian philosophers said "Every fluence of Christianity is not felt. truth that enters the world enters We hold Christianity in high re- through an individual, a conscious,

reasonable, moral man." If this nation rose up in response to the is so, the truth must be mediated call that came out of Flanders through personality and the mis- Field. They could not bear the sionary is the personality who thought of breaking faith with mediates the truth of Christianity those who died in Freedom;s cause. to the people of non-Christian lands. The lives of these mission- The call that comes out of the misaries of far-off days and of yester- sion fields, where sleeps the sacred day and today belong in the hall dust of men and women and little of fame and their heroism belongs children who, for Christ's sake, to the finest assets of history. The forgot home and friends and na- British government has completed tive land, cannot be drowned out a circle of soldier-patriot graves by the voice of noisy critics who around the world. So has the have never made a sacrifice and Christian Church. Men of every who are satisfied to live for them- selves.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS THE BEST INVESTMENT FOR LIFE .i S A MAN grows old and the end of the road begins to come into view he I'1 asks 'himself some serious questions: "Have I invested life in the best way? Have I given it to the highest and the richest causes? Have I laid out whatever God gave me in the way which would best please Jesus Christ. Men and women who have given their lives to the foreign missionary enterprise, do not question as to whether they did right in thus devoting their lives. They have no desire to do otherwise than they have done. Dr. John L. Nevius was one of the most cautious and prudent of all the missionaries of the Church. I heard him say that he never had come home from China on a furlough without meeting ministers at home who regretted that they had not gone as missionaries, but that he never, in his long life, had met a foreign missionary who regretted having gone.

Some years ago I visited a little village in southwestern Scotland, the name of which is unknown to the world save for one thing. There in the midst of the village at the end of the village green was the monument to Robert Moffatt who had gone out from that village to Africa. He lifted the little unknown Scotch town into the deathless records of service rendered for mankind. Who would know Blantyre, the hamlet of weavers' homes, not far from Glasgow, were it not for the fact that out of one humble weaver's house in that village went David Livingstone to rend the night of Africa asunder and let in the light? Who, of the thousands of visitors to the city of Calcutta, ever asks to be shown the house in which Thackeray was born, or the house in which Macaulay lived, or the palace where Warren Hastings reigned? But many a discerning foreigner asks to be taken out to the little Dutch burying ground of Serampore to see the resting place of William Carey, the English cobbler who rediscovered and retaught the world the glory of this missionary ideal.

Even when lives are not lifted clear up and written visibly on the record as these lives have been, still when men and women have given themselves to this enterprise and have been forgotten, they are well content, because they know that they have built all they have had into the best and most enduring work that could be done in the world. Dr. Joseph P. Cochran of Urumia, Persia, was a prince in the land where he lived. His name was all the passport that any traveler required. He went through the most turbulent regions of Western Asia, healing thousands of sick folks, the counsellor and judge among the helpless himself a bulwark of justice and confidence in the disturbed sections of western Persia and eastern Turkey. He did all this in his quiet and unadvertised way, and was well content that he had put his life in the richest and purest enterprise in the world. Thousands of others with joy also have hidden their lives, unknown to men, in the unseen but enduring service of the stranger peoples.-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

BY PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE. New Haven, Conn. Pro,. 0' Mia,ion, ana Oriental History, Yale Unlver,itll ARE missionaries well-inten- hastened the disintegration of tioned bunglers? Do they put primitive peoples-in the Pacific unintelligent hands upon old Islands, for example. By insisting customs and beliefs. thereby up- that the natives be clothed in Eusetting the balance of nicely ad- ropean fashion it is charged that justed cultures and working harm1 missionaries at times have accen- Such charges are frequent and in tuated the spread of disease. By various forms have been made al- attacking the initiation rites by most since the beginning of the which youths at puberty are made Protestant missionary enterprise. full members of the tribe, mission- The English East India Company aries, so it is said, have hastened long forbade missionaries in its the break-up of the tribe and of territories and would not carry old forms of social control. Some them on its ships because it be- of the forms of education introlieved that by attacking established duced by mission schools, it is religious beliefs they would arouse claimed, have unfitted their pupils antagonism and jeopardize trade. for their environment. Among Many a merchant in China today some backward peoples, whose life declares that the missionary is re- must be chiefly simple agriculture sponsible for the present chaos and and industry, there has been too that but for him the Chinese would much of the literary in the curristilI be undisturbed and docile. culum, and graduates have been These criticisms, when from fitted to fill clerkships but not to merchants, can be quickly dis- take a helpful part in the life of counted, for they usually arise their native villages. We have, it from self-interest. Somewhat more is declared, introduced types of serious are those of travelers who education evolved in the Occident declare that to the missionary is without adjusting them to local due the passing of the features situations. These critics continue which made the life of non-Euro- by declaring that the missionary pean peoples distinctive and which has interpreted the great commiswere an expression of native gen- sion as commanding him to teach ius. The substitution of pale limi- the English language, Western tations of European and American democracy, and feminism to every culture and a dull, world-wide uni- creature. formity would not only make the It must be freely admitted that human race less picturesque but more than once the missionary has would threaten that progress which made mistakes. At times he has comes from the interaction of dif- confused the Gospel with Western ferent civilizations. Still more se- institutions and has thought that rious are the more thoughtful by introducing the latter, uncriticisms of well-informed and changed, he was aiding in the propwell-trained observers. Some of agation of the former. He has these claim that missionaries have attacked some customs too hastily, 841

without seeking so to modify them better calculated to contribute to that the good might be preserved human welfare. The facts show and the evil eliminated. He has that practically every culture bad- not always been wise in adapting ly needs improvement. There is educational methods to local situ- no small amount of fallacy in the ations. Often, too, without the theory that each people, left to it- mIssIonary wishing it, native self, works out the civilization best Christians have scorned their own fitted to its own genius and needs.

heritage and have copied the for- Have we of the Occident done so?

eigner's dress and manners. I viv- Only the blind among us deny that idly recall hearing a graduation the West has something to learn oration, in English, in a mission from other peoples. Certainly no middle school in China, in which one of us would claim that our most of the illustrations were civilization is faultless.

drawn from America and the few What is true of our own is true from China were inserted only up- of other cultures. The romanticism on the missionary's insistence. which pictures the South Sea Is- Some destructive movements, landers as living an ideal life be- moreover, like the T'ai P'ing Re- fore the coming of the white man bellion, have arisen from the mis- simply ignores the facts. No one sionary without his planning or who really knows would declare approving them. that Indian, Chinese, or Japanese The Gospel Is Revolutionary civilizations before the advent of the European were perfect. Every It must also be admitted, and cultUre, even the most primitive, this time gladly, that the Gospel has features to commend it. There is revolutionary. The early dis- is no one, however, which does not ciples were accused of turning the need altering, often radically. If world upside down-and this has the Gospel, through the mission- always been the result where the ary, can effect the necessary Gospel has been consistently changes, it should be welcomed.

preached and lived. Every civili- Critics, moreover, are often blind zation, including our own, has in- to another fact: other forces than stitutions and customs which are missions are bringing about the damaging to the highest life and destruction of non-European cul- which should be modified or en- tures. One of the outstanding fea- tirely eliminated. Who of us would tures of human history during the deny that war, many of our race past four hundred, and especially prejudices, our drinking customs the past hundred years, has been -all of them seemingly integral the expansion of Europe. Euro- parts of our life-could not profit- peans have gone to every corner ably be abolished? So, too, polyg- of the globe. They have settled amy, slavery, infanticide, and a the Americas, they have conquered host of other customs-all of them and partitioned Africa and the is- sanctioned by long practice, most lands of the Pacific, and all of Asia of them arising out of attempts is either politically subject to them to deal with real problems, and in or has saved itself from that fate defence of which cogent arguments only by adopting much of Euro- can be adduced-ought to be sup- pean culture. This expansion of planted by institutions and ideals Europe, as we all know, has been

DO MISSIONARIES CAUSE TROUBLE?

attended by the disappearance or some rather than unwholesome, extensive modification of non-Eu- constructive rather than exclusive- ropean cultures. The people does ly destructive. While the trader not exist which has not been pro- and even the colonial official and foundly affected. Missions have diplomat have all too often brought taken a part in this expansion of non-white peoples in contact chiefly Europe, but they have not been the with the unlovely, materialistic, only and usually they have not been disintegrating features of Occi- the most influential part of it. The dental civilization, the missionary primary causes of the expansion has made it his chief purpose- of Europe are economic. It is pri- although he has not always so marily for markets and for raw stated it-to bring to these peoples materials that the white man has the constructive, helpful elements penetrated Asia, Africa, and the of EUropean life. The revolution South Seas. It was chiefly to im- would have come without him, but prove their lot in material things he has made and is making it in- that Europeans poured into North finitely more helpful than it could and South America and into Aus- otherwise have been. Here, indeed, tralia and New Zealand. is one of the great reasons for the From this it follows that great support of missions. We of the revolutionary changes would have West who have destroyed so much occurred in non-European cultures that is good in the life of other had no missionary ever left his peoples owe it to them to contrib- native land. No one can study ute as well whatever of spiritual fairly and carefully the mode.rn and moral values we possess.

history of China or of Africa-to Modifying the Revolution take two very different examples -without becoming convinced that The evidences of this wholesome, both of these great lands would constructive effect of missions are have had their cultures destroyed many. Missionary history and cur- or profoundly altered had no mis- rent happenings abound in them.

sionaries set foot on their soil. It In Africa it is the missionary was because British merchants- who is carrying the brunt of the wished greater trading privileges burden of educating the negro and that England forced open the doors the Bantu. More and more he is of China. It is the employment of seeking to adapt his methods to thousands of blacks in the mines meet the needs peculiar to the situ- in Johannesburg and in the Bel- ation-to train his students to help gian Congo and upon plantations improve the agriculture and the and government works all over industries of their people. Old Negro Africa that is breaking tribal controls and moral stand- down the tribal system and the old ards are collapsing, and unless a forms of social control throughout substitute can be found, the last that great continent. state of the Africans will be worse What the missionary has done than the first. The missionary, by and is doing is to modify, often holding up and inculcating high very profoundly and beneficially, moral standards and by bringing the revolution brought by the Eu- in a fresh moral and spiritual dy- ropean. . He has helped to make namic, is the one hope. Colonial the impact of the Occident whole- authorities can pass laws and ill-

troduce secular education, but they tianity and to drop those features cannot implant that inner impulse which are most repugnant to the without which salvation and prog- Christian ethic. Influential reli- ress are impossible. The mission- gious movements such as the Brah- ary, moreover, has stood up for the rna Samaj and the Arya Samaj blacks against those whites who either had their inception in im- would exploit them. He has fought pulses brought by the missionary and is fighting slavery. He was or have been profoundly modified usually the pioneer in introducing by them. Rabindranath Tagore modern medicine and he continues owes a great debt to Christianity, to reenforce what European coloni- partly through the Brahma Samaj al governments are now doing to with which some of his family have combat the diseases that are threat- been associated. Gandhi himself, ening the population. He has re- by his own confession, has been duced scores of languages to fundamentally influenced by the writing and has prepared in them New Testament-although not nec- most of what literature is avail- essarily through the agency of the able. He has stood against infan- missionary.

ticide and has brought self-respect In Burma whole tribes, such as to womanhood. the Karens, have been wholesome- In the Near East-where the ly made over by the representatives greed and intrigues of European of American Baptists and are, ac- powers have brought wars and cordingly, better and not worse for have helped to make the very name the coming of the OccidentaI. The Christian anathema-the mission- same is true among the Battaks of ary has helped to introduce new Sumatra, thanks to German mis- life into ancient churches. He has sions.

built and maintained hospitals, and In China the missionary was the in his schools many of the leaders pioneer of that Western education have been trained who are leading which the Chinese now wish to their peoples in the inevitable and adopt and adapt. Without his necessary readjustment to new schools the Chinese would not now conditions. as quickly be making their adjust- In India the education and dig- ment to the Western world. It nity of women have been empha- was Yung Wing, trained by S. R.

sized. In mission schools a re- Brown, who brought about the ligious content has been given to sending of the first contingent of the secular education which the government students to go abroad.

British government has introduced. A large proportion of the presi- New hope has been brought to the dents and teachers of government depressed classes-a door opened schools in China are graduates of for escape from the age-long servi- Christian institutions. Sun Yat- tude which has been their unhappy sen, the most influential of modern lot. The spirit created by the mis- Chinese and, whatever his faults, sionary helped in the abolition of chiefly responsible for injecting the burning of widows. The great something of idealism into the self- non-Christian faiths of India, es- ish welter of Chinese politics, had pecially Hinduism, are tending to much of his training at the hands emphasize those features which of Protestant Christians in Hawaii they have in common with Chris- and China and was himself a pro-

fessed Christian. Of the ten heads universities are Christians and of cabinet bureaus in the Nanking others have Christian wives. The Government today, six are Prot- existence of a Kagawa, with his estant Christians and two of the passion for improving the lot of six are sons of Protestant minis- the masses caught in the rapidly ters. The most powerful military growing industrial machine, would figure in China, Feng Yii-hsiang, alone have justified the missionary movement in that country, and is well known as a professing Christians, like Yoshino, less well- Christian, and while even his known in the Occident, increase friends find much in him to de- Japan's debt to the missionary. plore, he and his influence are undoubtedly more wholesome because These examples might be multiof his long contacts with mission- plied many fold but should be sufaries. Modern medicine in China ficient to make clear the truth of owes its introduction to the mis- the assertion that the missionary sionary, and most of the best medi- movement has been far more concal education is still under Chris- structive than destructive. It is, tian auspices, with results for the indeed, in our rapidly changing ethical and scientific standards of world, one of the most hopefulthe future' medical profession of some of us think the most hopeful the country which may be very -of present day enterprises. far-reaching. The contribution of When all around us cultures are the missionary toward famine re- collapsing and being revolutionlief, the fight against opium, the ized, and the secularism of the Oc- cident is destroying much of the improvement of agriculture, and moral and spiritual values of their a dozen other movements for moral past, the missionary is attempting and social reform are almost too -and often successfully-to bring well-known to require comment. in a moral and spiritual dynamic which will reenforce all that is best In Japan the Christian group, of the old and to lead to still greatas in China, is influential all out of proportion to its size. Several er achievement. of the presidents of the imperial I ONCE heard the representatives of all the missionary agencies at work in Turkey tell President Roosevelt that they wanted no military protection or naval enforcement of their missionary rights. And as to China the vast majority of our missionaries have lived far beyond the reach of gunboats or marines, and their work has rested on no such support. Foreign missionaries want no special privileges or protection. All that they want is the recogniiton of the fundamental rights of religious freedom and liberty of conscience which every nation ought to recognize for all people, citizens and foreigners, and such honest government and maintenance of order and administration of justice as every nation ought to provide equally for all who reside within its borders. The essential question, which is not a missionary question at all, is whether any nation can expect to enjoy equal rights in the comity of nations without fulfilling equal duties? If in any respect this principle condemns America, then America is condemned. And likewise Persia and likewise China. But it is not true that in any land American missionaries have relied on gunboats or soldiers for the propagation of Chris- tianity. It is true that they have expected of China the fulfilment of her honest duties and the recognition of broad human rights. But they have expected nothing of China that China ought not to have expected of herself. -Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

A QUEST OR A CONQUEST?

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York W EARE often told in these days that the foreign mission enterprise needs to be entirely reconceived. Formerly, it is said, Christianity regarded itself as the absolute and final religion and the work of foreign missions was conceived as a donation or displacement. Mis- sionaries went out to give to other peoples a religion and religious values which these other people did not possess. They even went with the idea of setting Christ in the place of supremacy over all others, to "Crown Him Lord of all." Now, however, it is held, Christianity must give up its exclusivism and recognize that each religion has its distinctive possession of truth and that Christianity has no right to go forth with the conquest or displacement idea. Foreign missions, accordingly, must now be regarded not as a conquest but as a quest, an effort to learn, not to teach, or to learn as much as to teach, with a view to one world-wide, inter-racial cooperative effort to as- semble out of all religions the distinctive contribution of each to the ultimate synthetic and universal religion of mankind.

This conception is both futile and false. It is futile because such a con- ception would never have produced the foreign missions movement and can- not maintain it. Men and women might go out on this idea to make a world cruise or for brief and comfortable visits but not to spend their lives, often in hard and lonely places, at the sacrifice of home values and especially the education of their children. Nor will the missionary enterprise spring from religious doubt. The people who have not found what satisfies them in Christianity, and who propose that the Church should send out the missionaries to find something better than Christianity or to supplement and improve Christianity, are not the people who supply the missionaries who go or who furnish the funds to send them. The foreign mission enterprise springs from and rests upon adequate convictions. Doubt as to the sufficiency and universality of Christianity is not a substitute for such convictions.

This new conception of foreign missions is also false. Christ needs nothing from anyone. No other religious teacher has any contribution to make to Him. In Him dwells all the fulness of the Godhead. He is the final and sufficient revelation of God and the only Saviour and Redeemer of man. This is the New Testament representation. It is the solid and unalterable foundation of foreign missions. Foreign missions are not a search for a new and better religion. They are not an attempt to find something that is not already in Christ. They are the effort of those who have heard of Christ to take what they have heard to the whole world in order that all men together may learn more of Him.

We who know Christ do not claim that we know all that there is to know of Him. We say just the opposite. But it is all there and we need all men to help in its discovery and its experience. One reason for bringing the knowledge of the Gospel to the whole world and bringing the whole world into the search for the infinite richness of God in Christ is that only so can we attain the fuller knowledge of Christ which is God's will for us. We do not go out to find something in the non-Christian religions that is not in Christianity. We go to enlist all men in the search for what is in Christ alone and in Him in divine sufficiency and completeness. Foreign Missions are indeed a great quest of the Church. But they are not a quest for something to be added to Christianity. They are a quest for an ever enlarging and enriching understanding of the fulness of Christ.-Fr01n "Are F'oreign Missions Done For?"

CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

THE UNIQUENESS AND SUPREMACY OF CHRISTIANITY "WBY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., Poughkeepsie, New York HY send missionaries to Moslems I hope you will be es- the heathen? They are pecially careful not to disturb their good old heathen; let them religious faith which has so much alone." So said Henry W. Shaw that is excellent in it."

(better known as Josh Billings, Here is a modern opinion, inthe humorist) to me in a serious creasingly popular and jyst the reconversation more than fifty years verse of the old one. The up to ago. His opinion was that all who date opponent of missions says dwell outside of Christian lands that the non-Christian religions are hopelessly degraded, and their are so highly spiritual or so effecreligions are a mass of supersti- tive morally that missionaries are tions: like people, like priest: why needless, and that we might with waste effort upon them? profit sit as learners at the feet That opinion, born of ignorance, of the Eastern sages. Even cerhas by no means disappeared. The tain of our mission workers would opponent of missions has nour- retain the old religion of the land ished it as furnishing a good rea- as best suited to the people, and son for his attitude. And often would undertake only to fill it with the missionary unintentionally has a Christian spirit. They would ofprovided material for it by pre- fer Christianity, not as a substisenting only the evils and defects tute, but as a supplement or crown he encountered. His strong appeal to what is already possessed. This has been, "Can we unmoved be- complete volte-face has been hold such wretchedness and utter brought about partly by access to ignorance of things divine?" There the sacred books of the ethnic rewas no intention to deceive: he ligions, partly by increasing inwas telling what filled his vision timacy with the higher classes who to the exclusion of all else, and once shunned or despised forthat wrung his heart as he wished eigners, partly by a natural reacit to wring ours: but it was decep- tion from the unfairness of the tion, nevertheless. However, it is old opinion, and in no small only fair to add that the mission- measure by a failure to realize or ary, as he penetrated into the life to emphasize that which is unique and religions of non-Christian in Christianity.

lands, became our main source of We might have known, even be- information about their best fea- fore studying them, that each of tures as well as their worst. the great religions must contain Not long ago a Harvard profes- truth and light; otherwise it never sor, before whom I was placing the could have gained its millions of plans for a Christian University adherents. The soul may stay hunin Egypt, gave hearty approval to ger with husks when bread is not the educational scheme, but added, at hand; but it can get no nour- "In your dealings with these young ishment from stones and scorpions, 347

and turns away when they are of- feet manhood in unbroken harmony fered, no matter in what disguise. with God. Concerning what other Assuredly, we do not follow our religious leader could this be truly Master or exalt Christianity by re- said? Our age has little reverence, fusing to see good anywhere ex- and takes a malicious pleasure in cept in it. Nor can we be of real pointing out stains and blemishes helpfulness to the follower of an- in figures that formerly were held other religion unless we have a up for admiration; and yet there clear knowledge of what he is seek- never was a time when Jesus was ing from his religion and what he so highly esteemed as today by so has already gained. The mission- many students of His life. The ary must be able to say, "I see the sneers at His claims and the foul height towards which you are jeers about His acts that were cur- pressing, and I rejoice in the rent a few generations ago, would progress you have made toward today be denounced as intolerable.

it"; otherwise his offer of leader- Are men developing a keener spir- ship will not be understood or will itual perception? Even those who be rejected. But if he is true to hate Christianity give open praise Christianity, he must next say, to its Founder. They may not be "this path which you follow ends willing to shape their lives accord- at a cliff or a chasm, and by it ing to His teachings, but they con- you cannot reach the goal; let me fess that it would be better for show you another and more excel- all men if they did, and that He lent way." In other words, he will is the ideal for everyone every- maintain that no non-Christian re- where.

ligion, however excellent, can be This universal appeal of Jesus classed with Christianity or be is another unique feature. Con- made equal to it by certain emen- fucius is typical Chinese; Gautama dations and improvements; be- is thoroughly Oriental; Mahomet cause, while Christianity has all is a son of the desert and of the the truths that make other reli- seventh century; but Jesus is not gions helpful, it has gained them felt to be an ancient Palestinian in a strikingly different way and Jew; He belongs to all lands and one inseparably connected with all ages, the Elder Brother of all further and greater truths which men. Truly, even though no claim it alone possesses. . of deity were made for Him, He remains the Incomparable One. Wherein Is Christianity Unique 1 And when we place Him beside the What has Christianity to offer founders and saints of other re- that other religions have not, and ligions, He towers so high above that justifies the proffer of it ih them that resemblances seem in- their place? The answer is indi- significant.

cated in its very name: Christi- The uniqueness is still more evi- anity is the Christ religion; He dent in the divine Saviour, the Re- is its Alpha and Omega, the Way, deemer of the world. Other reli- the Truth and the Life; and there gions give us touching examples is none other like Him anywhere. of men struggling up from the pit He is unique as the Great Gali- of sin and lending a hand to some lean, teaching divine truth with weaker brother; but only in Christ authority, and living a life of per- is God seen reaching down with

IS CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

pity and with sore pain to draw even more than the Cross; for it them forth from the lowest depths is the most effective fact in Chrisand place their feet upon the rock. tian experience. The power of His The Cross stands forth as a proc- resurrection enables them to enter lamation of man's degradation and into the fellowship of His suffer- God's immeasurable love. It makes ings and to accomplish His work. intense our sense of sin. In non- Christian lands sin rarely means In other religions one may look more than the breaking of some back to the founders and leaders, man-made law, or the neglect of may study their lives as examples some prescribed rite, or the indul- and treasure their teachings for gence of disturbing desires, or the guidance, and then strive as best effect of ignorance and illusion; he can to reproduce what thus is and with such shallow meaning it placed before him; but the Chriscannot create deep concern. But tian, while not neglecting the past, the Cross reveals to us the heart looks to a present, living Lord for of the Father and our own attitude the inspiration, the wisdom, the towards Him; and sin as the ex- cheer and the strength he needs. pression of our defiance of His lov- "I live; yet not I; Christ liveth ing will beComes terribly impor- in me," is his explanation of what tant. The Cross is also the he is and does. If it be true that assurance of forgiveness, bringing the church today is less strong, a peace that is not the Buddhist alert and faithful than in some calm of indifference to the world, former periods, may not one cause not the Islam submission to the of such decline be that the modern inscrutable will of Allah, but is emphasis of the historic Jesus has the restfulness of a child who re- made it less mindful of the everposes on a father whom he loves present Christ? To look back and trusts, a peace that rises to across the centuries for our Great joy unutterable. The Cross is "the Leader, forgetting that He is with power of God unto salvation"; and us now and always, is to ignore all other schemes of atonement seem childish and worthless in the most vital truth in the Chriscomparison. tian religion, and to claim for our- selves no greater privilege than A Living Power other religions offer.

Most unmistakable of all is the From Christ are gained the othuniqueness of the Risen Christ who er great truths that distinguish abides with His disciples every- Christianity. The most important where and evermore. There is of them all, because the foundation none like Him in any other reli- of all, is the truth concerning God. gion. "He is risen" is the witness Confucianism is agnostic; Budthat His followers bear unto the dhism and Hinduism are pantheuttermost part of the earth. With istic, though constantly tending to Christ, in Christ, through Christ, sink into polytheism; Mohammeby Christ-thus they try to express His presence and His control of danism is the only great religion their lives. In their preaching, if that shares with Christianity a they follow the pattern set by Paul, conception of a personal God, both they emphasize the resurrection deriving it from JUdaism. But the personal God of Islam is a deified Arab sheikh, imperious, arbitrary, emphasizing power. He is to be

obeyed without explanation, wor- state of mind incomprehensible shiped without communion, and en- and closely resembling utter fool- treated as the merciful, not the ishness.

loving. The Christian God is the Sympathy, which stirs up phi- holy and loving Father of Him who lanthropy, is a feeble sister of the is our Elder Brother as well as our mighty passion of love which im- Lord. We know Him through pels evangelism. Christianity is Christ and in Christ. "He that the only religion that can justly hath seen Me hath seen the Fa- claim to be truly missionary. Is- ther." The Moslem stands before lam may match it in burning zeal Allah as a slave; the Christian be- to make converts; but what it fore God as a son; the difference seeks is not so much the welfare is worldwide. of the convert as the increase of The brotherhood of man is a its domain and power. Buddhism truth that finds some recognition has a mild inclination to proclaim everywhere; men are not so selfish to the ignorant world its secret of as utterly to miss it. But it cannot surcease from sorrow, provided have full meaning and power un- the effort is not too disturbing.

less it is based on the loving father- Christianity alone is so vitally mis- hood of God and the worth of each sionary that when the mission im- human soul as revealed by Christ. pulse ceases the religion itself dies.

Islam bases it upon religious fel- For a Christian lives by loving and lowship, thus limiting it to the fol- giving; and when he begins to lowers of the prophet. Hinduism shut himself away from those with bases it upon spiritual condition, whom he might share his most pre- as indicated in the scale of castes. cious possession, the Gospel of the Buddhism proclaims that all are Cross and the Resurrection a hard- bound on the same wheel of life ening of the spiritual arteries is and have brotherhood in suffering, setting in, and death is not far but it discourages sympathy, lest distant.

the way to nirvana be made longer Shall the church give up its for- by it. Confucius taught that all eign missions? is an idle question.

within the four seas are brothers, It may wisely give up certain fields, but he gave no strong basis or turning them over to the national bond for this brotherhood, and pre- workers; but it will simply trans- scribed a very negative benevo- fer its work to other fields still lence. Philanthropy, which is an needing the evangel. So long as expression of brotherliness, has anywhere the Cross has not been feeble roots unless it grows in planted and the Christ proclaimed, Christian soil. Concerning any suf- mission work among non-Chris- ferer, the Moslem asks, "Is he of tians can not cease unless the my faith?"; the Hindu, "Is he of church itself ceases.

my caste?"; the Confucian, "Is he The Future Life of my neighborhood?"; while the Buddhist sighs and says, "All life From Christ has come a con- is misery." And to all of these ception of the future life such as the readiness of the Christian to no other religion has. Confucius pour forth treasures of money and refused to speak of the future life, loving service in answer to the cry gIVIng as an excuse that we do of hunger or pain anywhere, is a not understand even the present

1(29) IS CHRIST THE ONLY WAY OF LIFE?

life. Gautama taught the dissolu- numbing grip of fatalism; since tion of anything like personal ex- the will of Allah cannot be known istence in the great ocean of or resisted why strive and strug- inpersonal being. The Hindu sages gle to be better or to make things looked forward to a succession of better?

deaths and rebirths so countless It is with good reason that lands in number that an ultimate heaven dominated by such teachings have is lost in the long perspective. stood still through the centuries or Mahomet pictured a paradise filled have gone slowly backwards.

with purely sensuous, if not actu- Christianity ever urges men to ally sensual, delights, whose fitting press forward, to make life broad- motto would be "Take thine ease; er and higher, to claim all things eat, drink and be merry." The for Christ, and to enter more fully heaven that Christ bids us look into His riches. His statement, forward to is well described by the "I came that they may have life, apostle Paul when he says he would and may have it abundantly" gives fain be absent from the body and the keynote and assurance for all "at home with the Lord." Heaven true progress. The rapidity with is companionship with Christ and which the Orientals are putting the Christlike; its joys are purely away the inhibitions of their re- spiritual; its occupations are those ligions and rousing themselves to inspired by love; and its possibil- action is one of the most important ities of spiritual and intellectual facts in the present world situa- development are endless. So Chris- tion. But their advance is not tianity teaches; and in this, as in true progress. Materialism, secu- all else, finds its assurance in the larism, greed for riches and the revelation of Christ. will to power have invaded the Ori- Christianity and Progress ent, even as they have Christian lands; and while rousing action, Christianity is the only religion are destroying religion and cor- that encourages progress, both in- rupting morals. Christianity fights dividual and national. Confucian- against these influences at home ism is ever looking back to the and abroad; and though the wise golden age of Yao and Shun, more leaders of the old faiths can hard- than four thousand years ago, and ly rejoice that it is in their midst, would mold all life into a stereo- they do welcome its aid in the bat- typed form prescribed by Kong, tle against such strong and deadly the master. Buddhism represses foes.

all ambition as an awaking of Christianity is unique in many the misery of insatiable desire, and other respects and differs so great- would have its followers sit with ly from other religions as to pro- folded hands meditating on the duce the effect of uniqueness. No transitoriness of all things. Hin- meption has been made of ethics, duism forbids, under direct penal- marriage, the position of women ties, any attempt to break the and children, morals, prayer, the barriers of caste and reach a high- sacred books, the form and spirit er position; each man must re- of worship, the ideals for life, the main in the station into which his attitude toward death or the !nO- deeds in a previous existence have tive power of the religion. These placed him. Islam feels ever the and still others should be also con-

sidered when we are considering has ever been waiting those who whether other religions are the need and seek it. But to treat equal of Christianity, and there- Christianity as a religion suited fore whether Christian missions only for certain races and certain are unnecessary. stages of culture, or to hold that what it contains differs but slight- Other religions give men's ly from the other great religions, thought about God, Christianity gives God's thought about men; or to regard its Founder as like they spring from experience, it other founders (if, indeed, we procedes from a revelation. We believe and rejoice that God has should speak of Jesus as founding not left Himself without a witness a religion, when what He really did in every age and land; though the Cross was raised on Calvary only was to offer Himself as its founnineteen hundred years ago, the dation), is greatly to misinterpret Lamb was slain from the founda- our Christian faith, and practically to deny Him whom we worship as tion of the world so that atonement the Only Begotten Son of the Fa- ther.

M EDICAL missionary work is the complete refutation of some current ideas which evaporate the missionary obligation. It is said by some that the East has as much to give as the West, and missions must be transformed into an interchange of treasures. This view breaks to pieces in the field of modern medicine and surgery. There are indeed homely remedies and some reasonable ideas of treatment of disease which have been developed in Asia and Africa, but these are negligible in comparison with what Western medicine and surgery can give to the rest of the world. All truth is universal.

Why is not the right and duty of spreading the truth of the universal Gospel of the One Saviour of the world just as valid and as manifest as the right and duty of offering the relief of modern medicine to the sick and suffering throughout the world?

Compare the cost of foreign missionary medical service with medical service in the United States. Take one American hospital and compare it with the expense and work of the 89 hospitals and 122 dispensaries maintained by the Presbyterian Board. Pre8byterian Forelun One Amerioan Mission HOBPitals H o8pital ana D'8pen8urie8 In patients ………………………… 4,402 59,093 Out patients ……………………….. 29,810 441,139 Treatments ………………………… 113,113 1,155,657 Earnings ……. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $490,160 $540,605 Other income .•……………………… $621,238 $58,640 Operating expense …………………… $1,015,134 $599,245 Cost per patient ……………………. $34 $1.36 Cost per treatment …………………… $8.91 $0.52 If we consider only the money given, and not the earnings, the difference becomes even more amazing. The money received by this one American hospital from endowment and as ponations was $621,238. The total given for the 89 mission hospitals was only $58,640. It took $21 of benevolent gifts to care for one patient at home. Abroad each dollar given by the Church in the United States provided for 75 patients. On the scale of cost of this one home hospital, what it would have required a million dollars to do, the Mission Board did with less than sixty thousand. And yet foreign missions are called extravagant or inefficient!-Robert E. Speer, in "Are Foreign Mi8sion8 Done For?"

THE MESSAGE OUT OF DATE?

BY REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis8ion8 of the United Pre8byterian Ohurch F OREIGN missions began in men at all. They were just living the days of the apostles, the witnesses of the Lord whom they result of the effort of the knew personally, and they were church to obey the command of J e- testifying to what He had done for sus to preach His Gospel to all the them. They were not directed by world. The teaching and the com- any boards or societies. They did mand of-Christ seem to have had not have a church organization in view only this one object, to worth the name. They did not have establish the missionary enter- any written New Testament. Yet prise. Certainly in the minds and the Gospel that they carried in the purpose of the simple-hearted their hearts and spoke with their followers of Christ in the first cen- tongues, contained all these things tury there was no other thought in embryo and was so vitally dyor intention than the giving to men namic that within a century it the "good news of God." Never worked such social miracles as the since those early days of the world has not witnessed since in Church has it had such vital power like proportions. The secret of the to compel the attention of men and success of missions in that day was to win them to a faith in Christ a simple Gospel, preached with the and a knowledge of God, resulting profound conviction of positive bein change of life. Today we might lief, and accompanied by the preswith profit attempt to discover the ence and blessing of the Spirit of secret of the power of that Gospel God. which they preached. There are critics of modern mis- To them the Gospel was a simple sions who maintain that missions message. It was "the good news today are declining in power beof Jesus Christ," the Son of God cause of the primitive Gospel that who lived a life of marvelous pur- they preach. These critics contend that the the;ology of a past generaity in the service of men, was cru- tion is repUlsive to the minds of cified and buried, rose from the civilized non-Christian people. dead, mingled again with His dis- They would bring the theological ciples, and ascended into heaven statements of missionaries more after promising that He would into harmony with their concepcome again. He had told them to tion of the "scholarly thinking" of wait in Jerusalem for the coming the day. They declare the dogmatof the Holy Spirit. They waited ic theology of the West to be unand the Holy Spirit came; then suited to the Eastern mind. It is they went out to tell men that God their conviction that the missionwas everywhere calling men to re- ary should be trained in a new pentance and to this new life that school of thought and sent out with was offered to them. a new culture and a new Christian doctrine. These disciples were not theologians, nor philosophers, nor so- Perhaps this experiment should ciologists. They were not learned 3 353

be tried, but if tried it should be ary enterprise as was shown in the remembered that it is an experi- lives of such men as Carey and his ment. It should be tried, too, in associates in India. Foreign mis- a field that is segregated from the sions are in fact but a section of fields where the Gospel is already the church of their day. This cause operating so that the results of the has always been represented by experiment may not be vitiated by those who have deep conviction and the presence and operations of the vital faith. Generally too, in the old method. There is much of the very nature of the case, it has been world that is untouched by the Gos- represented by persons of inde- pel and abundance of opportunity pendence of thought, the gift of to occupy a new field for a demon- initiative, and the spirit of adven- stration of an effort according to ture. As a rule it is not from the convictions of those who criti- among such men that narrow big- cize the content of present mission- ots are made. Probably a study ary teaching. It would be wise, of pioneers in religious thinking however, for missionary agencies would show that among foreign now proceeding according to the missionaries there have been as method that has been productive many pioneers, in proportion, as of so much good, not to lay aside in the church at home.

their present methods and substi- As a matter of fact, missionaries tute those of theorists, until the in general have had little time for theories have been tried and proved dogmatics. It has been said that, successful. "It is difficult to teach close com- What They Teach munion to a man who is worship- ing a cow." The fine points of To find fault with present mis- theology that have split the church sionary effort because the dogma at home into denominations have of the missionaries of the past gen- generally faded quickly from the eration is not acceptable to Chris- mind of the missionary as he faced tians of this generation is scarcely entirely new situations which fair. The missionaries of the past raised new questions for consid- generation carried with them the eration. His contacts with a non- dogma of the church in which they Christian people always drive him were reared. What was taught in back to the elements of the truth China and India by EUropean and of man's relation to God and to American missionaries fifty years his fellow man. When he comes ago was what was believed and to discuss religious truth with Ori- taught in the theological semina- ental minds that may be keener, ries in Europe and America at more cultured and more agile than that time. No doubt a careful in- his own, and with a wholly differ- vestigation would show that for- ent background of thinking, the eign missionaries of fifty years dogma of the theological schools ago were quite as open-minded in at home often stands him in little their approach to truth and quite stead and is then gradually dis- as liberal in their attitude to those carded for a more simple Gospel.

of other faiths as were their con- Particularly where doctrine af- temporaries at home. This was fects the administration of the af- certainly true in the days of the fairs of the organized church there beginning of the modern mission- must be accommodation to circum-

IS THE MESSAGE OUT OF DATE?

stances. Several years ago there planted the Gospel and permitted was being waged in one of the de- the church to grow. But this is nominations at home a vigorous true only to a certain extent, and conflict over a matter concerning in varying degrees in different practice in worship. A much in- missions. Today missionaries are terested elder was talking with one making earnest efforts to rectify of the women missionaries from this mistake. There is now a ne- India at home on furlough. In cessity for guarding against the his conversation he said, "On which danger of swinging to the opposite of the distinctive principles of the extreme and denouncing all that church do you lay most stress in has been taken to the mission fields your work in India?" Her reply simply because it has been taken was, "On this one, 'Thou shalt not from the West. eat carrion.''' This missionary had been working among the first Not all that has been taken there Christians reclaimed from the out- can be denounced and abandoned, caste people in the Punjab, and she for it was to take something that mentioned one of the social usages the missionary went and what he of the people that was causing con- went to take was the Gospel of siderable difficulty in the new Jesus Christ. This Gospel has inchurch. The missionary has had herent in it certain doctrines which his hands too full of practical ques- are essential. You may call these tions regarding the application of doctrines dogma if you will, but the Gospel to the social life of a still they remain an essential part new Christian community, and his of the Gospel carried by the mismind too full of the personal diffi- sionary. These were inherent in culties of some of the keenest that Gospel preached in the days thinkers he has ever met, to give of its might in the first century, much time to the propagation of and wherever the Gospel has disthe particular dogmas of his home played power since that time these church. doctrines have been at its heart. Any attempt to discount them by Correcting Mistakes dubbing them dogma and deleting them has resulted in an emascu- One would not for a moment at- lated Gospel-one that is simply tempt to defend the mistakes that a spiritual corpse. If a missionary have been made by missionaries of should carry such a Gospel, he the past generations. They lived would necessarily carry with it an in a time when convictions were organization and a system of teachstrong, when dogma had taken a ing, for such a dead Gospel would place out of due proportion to liv- have no power to germinate and ing, and when denominationalism produce a living church. was accepted as so natural a thing as not to call for defense. The These essential doctrines are the missionaries of those days did very ones that some modern critics transplant into the East a church would reject, and which they mainof Western development, with its tain are repulsive to the minds of modes of thought, its ritual of serv- non-Christian people to whom the ice, its architecture, its social cus- Gospel is carried. The vital essence toms, and its system of education. of the Gospel is its message of a They sometimes transplanted a personal God, Jesus who is the inchurch where they should have carnation of God, His atonement

for sin, His death and resurrection, of Jesus Christ, until some substiman's communion with God tute has been found to take its through faith in Him, His ascen- place. That substitute must not sion and coming again to the earth, be merely the child of the brain and man's hope of unending life of some theorist, but it must be in Him. This message is not mere- a practical working force that has ly a system to be taught to a peo- demonstrated its power to produce ple, but a life to be shown to them results better than those that have and lived among them. Truths that been produced by the Gospel. are of the very essence of this life will appear with the development That the Gospel preached by the of the life, and will be systematized foreign missionary has produced and taught by those living it. This results does not await demonstrais inevitable and desirable. tion. Millions of witnesses to its power to transform life are pres- Many of the dogmas of the ent in the world today, and are church may be matters of inter- gIvmg their testimony. The pretation of certain Scriptures or changes wrought in society are visstatements of certain deductions. ible on every side. Often the From among these some may be church at home and abroad, distrue and some may be false; some tracted from its one mission of may be in harmony with truth preaching this Gospel, has been while some may be out of propor- embarrassed by its lack of power tion to truth as a whole. In such and success, but whenever that dogmas are found the things with church has turned again to the which theologians all through the Gospel in its simplicity, it has excenturies have amused themselves. perienced a return of power and a They are, as it were, the religious resulting success in its divinely apgolf links of the religiously leisured pointed task. class. They afford diversion for such minds as those at which the What the cause of foreign mis- Persian poet, Omar Khayyam, sions needs today is not any subsmiled so cynically in his verses. stitute for the Gospel in its prime No doubt men in the Church will simplicity. What this enterprise continue to contend over these does need is that the church at things and they may even continue home and abroad should turn in to split the Church into fragments simple faith to the living Christ because of self-conceit that is cer- and in the power that He gave at tain that it has discovered the ul- Pentecost go out with the antimate in truth. But these things nouncement of the power of God are not of the essence of the Gospel. to turn men from sin and bring them to a knowledge of Himself. A question that should seem le- The whole confused world seems gitimate to our utilitarian age is to wait for some such demonstrathis, "Are foreign missionaries tion of the power of God through succeeding in revealing God to men the church. Such a demonstration and in bringing the lives of men has always come when men have into harmony with the law of preached this Gospel in its sim- God?" If in the laboratory of life plicity and never yet has come these results are being secured, through the use of any substitute then we must proceed with the for- for that Gospel, however acceptaeign missions of the simple Gospel ble it might seem to men.

THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE?

BY REV. FRANCIS J. McCONNELL, D.D., New York Bishop of the M"thodist Episcopal Churoh T HE question is becoming in- istically as we can. Then we ac- creasingly insistent as to the cept the missionary official's state- relation of missionary effort ment of the innocence of the to the capitalistic enterprises motives of mIssIonaries and which are searching out the re- churches while conceding a con- mote nooks and corners of the siderable measure of force to the earth for returns to investment. radical Nationalist's claim that Of course, the extremists on both back of the missionary effort, or sides see the problem as quite sim- along with it, or close to it, stands pIe. western capitalism. The mistake A certain type of ecclesiastical of the radical is in supposing that official declares that the church is the missionary is actuated by cap- not concerned in materialistic en- italistic aims, and that of the mis- terprises at all, beyond taking ad- sionary advocate is in failing to vantage of them to find openings take account of forces which may for the preaching of the Gospel. work through missions without his If his religious thinking took shape. thinking of them. The mission- before he had begun to hear much ary's motives are for the most part about the application of Christian- today recognized as genuinely re- ity to social problems, he is likely ligious.

to be especially urgent in avowing About a dozen years ago I met that the church is in non-Christian in Mexico a violent Nationalist lands to "save the souls of indi- who avowed her conviction that viduals" and that it is not inter- the missionary effort of the United ested in anything else. If mo- States had back of it the aggressive mentous changes are taking place determination of United States im- in those non-Christian lands perialism to annex Mexico econom- through the impact of Christian ically and politically. This Na- lands, he may declare that those tionalist was a woman of large changes are outside of his respon- intelligence, trained in American sibility and possibly outside of his and European universities, and field of view. had herself taught in a mission The radical nationalist of what- school in Mexico. She felt that ever non-Christian nation, on the even the "watchful waiting" policy other hand, will have it that Chris- of Woodrow Wilson was at bottom tian missions are an entering aimed at catching Mexico in a mo- wedge for western capitalism, or ment of extreme weakness and at at least are a smoke screen behind a crisis when pretexts for armed which capitalism wins its most de- intervention would appear most cisive victories. plausible. I shall never forget her Neither type of extremist is uncontrollable wrath at the men- worthy of much consideration. We tion of Wilson. Nevertheless this have to get as close to facts as furious Nationalist in all her out- we can and to look at them as real- breaks against the land from which 357

I came made it clear that she did Do Missions Aid Capitalism ~ not attack the good faith of missionaries. But she believed that Now, granting the sincerity of the sincerity of the missionaries and the success of their work in the missionary himself and even its more humanitarian phases made them all the more effective agen- of the bodies of supporters who cies through which imperialism could work. send him forth, what force is there I have in mind also a former in the criticism that mission work newspaper correspondent in China, is an aid to capitalism-and what himself utterly devoid of religious interests in any ordinary sense, can we do about it? First of all (if a man who calls himself an atheist can be said to be devoid we must recognize any basis of of religious interest) who declared that if he were to pick out the facts there may be in the criticism. one hundred foreigners in China We cannot close the case with the most influential with the Chinese, proof of our own good faith. That most of them would be mission- good faith is pretty generally conaries-the influence being due to ceded-but as the beginning and not the end of the critic's case. the manifest unselfishness of the There is an inescapable core of work of the missionaries. I fancy fact in the claim that Christian that this observer also would have missions are used-or at least can thought the missionaries uncon- be used-in aid of Western imscious propagandists of Western perialism. To say nothing of the capitalism. plans of the leaders of.imperialism, we must not lose sight of the fact I think that I am representing that the missionary comes of a fairly the viewpoint of the intelli- capitalistic civilization and that gent critics of missionary activity everything he is and does in the today. In well-informed circles the non-Christian land preaches for present-day charge is not that rep- the order out of which he comes. resentatives of the Christian It is the duty of every Christian-' Church in foreign fields are hypo- missionary or otherwise–in a noncritical or selfish or in any degree Christian land to stand for Chrislacking in moral genuineness. We tian values, and he tries to· stand do not even often hear, as we once for such values. All unconsciously did, that missionaries live in lux- to himself he may stand for some ury amid peoples sunk in poverty. other values which he regards as That criticism came from the type Christian but which may not be of tourist who used to learn less inherently and essentially Christhe more he traveled. Those today tian at all. who stand close to mission stations do not repeat those old-time accu- The essential Christian values sations. There is a quite general must have to do with good-will. I realization today that when a critic once knew a Christian traveling of missionary work begins to talk in China to insist that the mission- aries should lay more emphasis on thus he reveals at the outset that industriousness. This traveler was he does not know what he is talk- distressed because the Chinese ing about. seemed to take so long at their work-the work seemed inefficient judged by Western standards. What the traveler did not see was that there were more laborers in

1U29] IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE'!

China than material upon which sight, to see how wide a door is to work-and that slowness in opened the moment we think of a working was due to the extent to possibility like this. which the work had been divided up among the over-abundance of Missions and Imperialism laborers. For anyone man, or set of men, to have succeeded in car- Now look for an instant at the rying out the Christian traveler's advice would have meant anything problem of political imperialism. but the application of the Golden Rule. It would have meant that The missionary is at work in a many workers must lose their jobs. post in a non-Christian land in Of course, my illustration raises which there is rioting or civil disthe question as to whether Western turbance. The native police cannot industrialism would not give the insure the safety of the mission- .chinese more material on which ary's family in the event of an to work, but the illustration is per- easily incited anti-foreign uproar. tinent enough to suggest that under If only the missionary himself many circumstances we could not were involved, or even the missionpronounce industrial ideals which ary and his wife, we might readily Westerners take as self-evident to say, sitting in ministerial studies be Christian for a society like that or editorial offices thousands of of China.· In scores of ways the miles from danger, with no direct values of the Westerner tend to responsibility in the matter except upset the social values of a non- that of getting a sermon or an Christian land, The fact that the editorial prepared on time, that the Westerner lives as he does may missionary ought to accept death beget demands in the lives of the rather than shelter under the flag people among whom he works and of his country. When, however, those demands may bring the non- there are children of the mission- Christian peoples into economic de- ary we have a consideration of a pendence upon the land from which different order. The ethical rethe missionary comes. It will be quirements governing martyrdom remembered that Mr. Henry M, may be met by a missionary's go- Stanley, speaking no doubt with- ing freely to his death, but the out any thought of the exploitation glory of allowing his children to of Africa's peoples, used to declare die for his convictions is a bit that missionary teaching would dubious. In any case, however, we raise the standard of living of the may as well admit the acceptance Africans; that they would de- of foreign protection in a nonmand, among other goods, more Christian land compromises the cotton cloth and that this demand missionary's professed devotion to would make new markets for the the ideals of the Gospel. It is a mills of Birmingham and Man- long time since the death of two missionaries furnished a pretext chester. All this shows how tan- for the German occupation of the gled the problem is. The native Shantung peninsula, but the mem- Africans could use cotton cloth to ory of the incident has not grown advantage and the English mills dim in China. Though no one excould make it at a profit. It takes pects a repetition of such bareonly eyesight, to say nothing of in- faced imperialistic robbery, still the incident is pointed to as show- ing the tendency of imperialism

to use religious activity for its own able to insist that the Christian purposes. groups shall not proclaim their Admitting the validity of the Gospel to the whole world till they charge that the connection between have made the utmost use of that the various forms of imperialism Gospel themselves as it would be and missionary endeavors is dan- for a thirsty traveler in a desert gerously close, what can we do to refrain from calling out to his about it? There are those who lagging comrades that he had tell us that the best course is for found refreshing springs, because churches in imperialistic countries the water had not yet benefited to cease foreign missionary ef- him as much as was possible.

fort altogether, that at the best the What Shall We Do 1 contradiction between the Gospel which the missionary preaches and Some positive duties lie clearly the institutional activities of the before us. To begin with, the mis- country from which the missionary sionary can highly resolve to keep.

comes-activities through such alive the very contradiction which agents as tourists, commercial and is indeed such a scandal. That is industrial leaders, diplomats and to say, over against the militant militarists….:-.constitutes a scandal selfishness of economic and other to Christianity. Before Christian- imperialisms he can put a service ity attempts to Christianize the so- which seeks no selfish return what- called non-Christianized peoples, ever. One of the practical mys- we are told, the Christian nations teries in the work of the true should themselves be Christianized. missionary is the inability of many This is a counsel not so much of in the non-Christian field to see perfection as of folly. Or rather why he should do what he does it is altogether opposed to the spir- for nothing. One reason why anti- it of the Gospel. If an individual, Christian feeling in non-Christian or a people, waits for complete re- lands gets a start is that the anti- demption before starting out to the Christian agitator seems so sensi- redemption of other persons or ble and plausible when he asks : peoples, there will be no starting "Do you think the missionary is out. For it is a peculiarity of the doing all this for nothing?" Then redemptive process that it no soon- it is easy to conclude that the mis- er begets the consciousness of vic- sionary is the agent of greedy mon- tory in one quarter than it reveals ey-forces. By the way, speaking new realms of individual and so- of contradictions, the very plan it- ciallife still to be redeemed. There self according to which the mis- are causes to which we give our- sionary works is a denial of about selves in all good conscience which everything characteristic of pres- our descendants of a hundred years ent-day capitalism. The mission- from now will look back upon with aries do not get remuneration horror wondering if we of this day which can be called salaries in the and generation were not insincere usual meaning of the term. At the in our claims to be Christians at most theiI" material rewards are all. Moreover, the checking of the small allowances for living ex- expansive impulse leads to the dry- penses, in which all who are in ing up of the redemptive processes substantially similar circumstances themselves. It is just as reason- are treated alike.

IS THIS A CAPITALISTIC ENTERPRISE?

In the next place the missionary said. This missionary's diagnosis can and does accomplish some- of his own plight was wrong. He thing, in some fields a great deal, had failed to make himself one of to soften the harshness of the im- the people to whom he had been pact of Western civilization, so- sent. We cannot ask foreign work- called, upon undeveloped commu- ers in non-Christian lands to dress nities and societies. A large part and eat in forgetfulness of the of the discussion at the Jerusalem lands from which they come, but Conference was devoted to such we can ask them so to lose them- evils as forced labor in Africa. It selves in the thought and feeling is maintained by impartial inves- of their people as to become spir- tigators of African conditions that itually one with them. If they the missionary is the best friend cannot do this, they ought to leave of the African-and that he is do- missionary work, for that calls for ing much to awaken in the African mental and spiritual identification that self-respect which will not for- with those with whom they work.

ever endure the outrage of a forced It is better, I would almost say, labor which is virtual slavery. Re- for a missionary to be mistaken ports at the conference indicated with the people with whom he la- that exploiters of native labor in bors than right with the country Africa fear the plain, unvarnished from which he comes.

tales of missionaries more than Above all, the reaL task has to anything else. . be faced at home. If for no other Once more, the missionary usu- reason than the expansion of ally becomes very much a partisan Christianity, the duty is upon of the people among whom he Christian churches to stand for the works-very much "pro"-Chinese, replacement of that fiercely com- or "pro"-Indian or "pro"-African, petitive spirit which is the parent as the case may be. The people of industrial, national and racial then expect the missionary to make strife by a cooperative purpose the best statement of their cause which can be brought into line with before the public opinion of the Christian principles. We do not world. If a worker among non- have to wait until all our social Christian people cannot thus be- life is permeated with the coop- come "pro" the people, he would erative temper before we can free better go back to his home. ourselves from the contradiction Years ago there labored in Mex- between the message of the mis- ico a missionary who sincerely be- sionary and the practices of the lieved that the only hope for countries from which the mission- Mexico was in intervention by the aries come. If it can be truly said United States. Being an honest, that the churches of Christendom open-hearted soul he kept telling are striving to fill all human con- the Mexicans what he thought was tacts – industrial, international, good for them. When he was re- and racial-with the spirit of J e- called to the United States he felt sus, we have done-not everything that he had been sacrificed because indeed-but a great deal to remove of his complete devotion to a prin- a world-wide obstacle to the ciple, that he had been made to preaching of the Christian doctrine suffer for what he thought and of God and of man.

ANOTHER UNANSWERABLFJ ARGU MENT FOR CHRIS'l'IAN lIIISSIONS Fifteen thousand Korean Christians-a generation removed from sllperstitioll-at a SlIlI(ln,r·Sclwol Hally in Seoul, Korea

A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS'"

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India Author oj ((Ghrist oj the Indian ROfld/' etc, FRANKNESS should character- something extraordinary-.-.:some- ize our facing of the modern thing that we cannot do without criticisms of missions. We divine power. The people should have too often been afraid to not think that they must get all acknowledge weaknesses. Our their criticisms of missions from movement is strong enough to secular pUblication. Let us talk acknowledge them. None of the more frankly about our weaknesses criticisms at home are anything as well as our strength.

like as severe as those made on the Look at some of these present mission' field. We missionaries day objections to missions. First, have gone far deeper to examine is the Christian message needed by our motives and outlook, our spirit the followers of non-Christian reand tempe.r of life. We criticize ligions? This is a very serious ourselves and our work because we question and is very prevalent, believe in the movement. We dare though not expressed so much as confess frankly and openly many implied. A book recently recomshortcomings. Mission Boards at mended by the "Religious Book borne ought not constantly to try Club," entitled, "The Pilgrimage to make out a case for complete of Buddhism" says something like success. We ought to take the this: Church into the heartbreaks of many failures. We are up against There is no question about the a task that is terrific, that is superiority of Christianity over Budsearching us to the depths, and dhism or vice versa. They both have oftentimes we fail. Our friends at their contributions to make, and they must join together to fight material- home ought to see the dark spots ism, so that this rivalry between re- as well as the bright spots, so that ligions should cease and cooperation the challenge can come to them as take place, in order to fight materialwell as to us. The Church at home istic attitudes in the world.

ought not to require us on the field That sounds so beautiful, and always to report success. Weare broad, and brotherly that I almost supposed to report angelic virtues wish that my conscience would alin everybody in our constituency. Some of our converts will probably low me to take that attitude. But turn out bad. All do not turn out after twenty-one years in India, I good at home! We missionaries cannot. If I must be narrow, I will are exactly like the people in the try to be as narrow as truth. We churches from which we have have tried to look sympathetically come. We are not super-men and into the soul of the non-Christian, super-women; we are just ordi- and to see good as well as bad. We nary men and women trying to do' are not building Christian mis- sions upon the badness in the non- • Extracts from an address .t the Foreign Christian faiths. In our round MbyistshioensAuCthoonrf.erence, Detroit. Not corrected table conferences in India we were 363

impressed with the fact that the Extravagance!

non-Christian faiths are bankrupt. Some people also criticise mis- They have assets of beauty and sions for "Extravagant expenditruth but these are not sufficient to ture." I cannot answer that as it payoff their obligations. There is relates to the Home Base, but on not enough dynamic and spiritual the mission fields I do not know power within these faiths to re- where we can spend too much in generate and change human so- the face of so much need. You ciety and lift men to God. The finest and greatest word of the could shut your eyes and throw non-Christian faiths does not tell money there, and it would hit some us that "the Word became flesh place of need. So it is almost fooland dwelt among us." All the proof. The reason we have not beauties of these faiths gathered made more mistakes in spending together, pale before the beauty of money over there is because we this Christian faith in which we can spend almost any amount anysee God. It sounds very brotherly where and touch somebody's need. to say, "Every religion is the It is not hard to save oneself from same," but a deep search will show personal extravagance, if one's us that there is something in Jesus salary is below $2,000,· which is a Christ that is lacking in the others large missionary salary. Some say that missionary institutions and that is final and unique. Professor Otto, author of that have over-built in China, but I do remarkable book, "The Idea of the not know where we have over-built Holy," went out to India with the in India. We might have built concept that Christianity is only some of the missionary bungalows the elongation of other faiths. At a bit smaller, but in the hot sum- Jerusalem, when we were discuss~ mer months we wish those rooms ing Hinduism, he said: "As I were big enough to include the went to India, I had the idea that North Pole. Most of the mission- Christianity was only more ad- aries ride third-class in railway vanced than other religions. I trains and if you ask why, they have come back with the convic- say, "Because there is no fourthtion that there is such a difference class." An Indian said to me one in degree that it amounts to a day, "You can ride third-class be- cause you are a religious man; it difference in kind." The conviction has written itself doesn't degrade you, and if you upon my own heart that there is ride first-class, it doesn't exalt you; something in the Gospel that makes you are above those things." I reit unique. The non-Christian faiths joice in my freedom.

are not a sufficient basis for the Another criticism from some regeneration of the men across the quarters at home is: "Too much seas. While Mahatma Gandhi has overlapping." There may be places a good deal to contribute to Chris- where there is overlapping, though tians, Christ has infinitely more to I have not seen them as I travel contribute to Gandhi, namely, the throughout India. In the district best thing in life-an intimate, where my home is there are over personal knowledge of God, which two million people and only one Gandhi confesses that he has not missionary is stationed there.

found. Some people at home seem to think

A MISSIONARY LOOKS AT THE CRITICS

that we are scrambling for terri- and holding us and lifting us while tory in the East, when the fact of we present Him to other people.

the matter is that the territory has This is the great corrective at the been divided so that there is very heart of our Gospel.

little overlapping in the mission We have been told so often that fields. There are various missions we must not be "superior"; that in the large cities, but that does we are to remain inferior. We not mean overlapping for no one ought to stand up in the midst of mission could undertake the whole these situations courageously and job. in Christ's name challenge them.

As a rule the same may be said We have a Christ who towers over of the so-called "Denominational the wrecks of time, and we should rivalry." The fear in the minds of make no apology for Him. The many people is that on the mission man who has fully surrendered field the denominational lines will himself to Christ and His service fade out altogether. In the East can say, "I dare rise and preach the denominational distinctions the Gospel, for I do not want anyare being lost sight of in the bigger thing, therefore, I am afraid of no meaning of being Christian. I one and nothing." We need the work in cooperation with all the divine audacity of one of our mismISSlOns. One board pays my sionaries, to whom a man at home salary and traveling expenses and said: "I am going to give you $50 allows me to work with all the mis- for your work." She had seen the sions. I do not recognize any riv- $100,000 house in which he lived alry between missions as I travel and she replied, "I cannot take it about in India. ·Each mission has from you. I saw your house just a bigger task than it can do, and now and I want $1,000 at least." we do not try to go into another's She got it. We have to stand with territory. Where there is a chance a non-Christian world beating on for overlapping among Christians our faith night and day, so we need in certain villages, they go before to have a divine audacity or break. the Comity Committee and settle It is a divine gift that we can take from God. Most missionaries are the matter. less in danger of suffering from a Unwarranted Claims superiority complex than from an Do the missionaries make "Un- inferiority complex.

warr(J;nted claims of superiority"? Is it true that "The missionaries I do believe that our Christian are ineffective"? Some of us are.

faith is superior-that is why I One said to me some time ago, went to India. But as I make the "Some of us ought to be shipped center of that faith Jesus Christ, home labeled, 'Empty Mission- instead of that belief creating in aries.' " I asked, "Why shipped me a superiority complex, it is a home? Why not go to the Fountain constant humbling process. As I to be filled?"

get into the fellowship with Jesus Many of us may be ineffective, Christ, I find it possible to hold but we come out of your churches this superior faith with a humbled and represent your life. In Heav- heart. The center of the whole en's name, I say: "Send us more enterprise ought to be the Person effective missionaries by becoming of Jesus Christ, who is judging us more effective yourselves." Peter's

spiritual son, John Mark, had the to be satisfied with chains. We same weakness that his spiritual want people to stand up and have father had. Peter turned and de- life. If our Christian Gospel is serted, and Mark, his spiritual son, creating a demand for larger life, did the same thing. If we mission- it is exactly what we expect it to aries are ineffective let us acknowl- do. If it made men satisfied to live edge that the failure is at both in chains it would not be the "Good ends, and try to be more effective News." The Gospel has come to at home as well as abroad. break chains. We want to say to But after confessing our weak- peoples all over the earth: "We ness, I wish I had time to show will not be satisfied until nations how these mIssIonaries have are recreated and free–economicstarted a movement that is the ally, socially, politically, morally, greatest transforming movement and spiritually." That means upthat ever swept across the world. set in some lands. Weare not After one hundred years we are ashamed of that, but we do hope much further along in the Chris- to guide the revolution into sane channels according to the mind of tianization of India than were the Jesus Christ. first Christians in the Christianization of 'Greece. It took three Is there "Too much overlordship centuries to Christianize Greece, exercised by missionaries over the and some would expect us to Chris- native Christians?" No doubt tianize India in eighty years. An there has been in many cases and Indian once said, "You Christians we must guard against it. The can gain conquests in China and reason why there is overlordship is the Islands of the Sea, because they because we are 'sent out to be are the kindergarten of religion. leaders. In India you are bucking against Jesus, in Moffat's translation, said, "Be ye not called teachers." the college of religion." Every- The attitude of the teacher is, I thing in India is being challenged know; you don't. by the Christian Gospel and everything is brought to the bar of that Second, "Be ye not called fa- judgment. Many a non-Christian thers." The fathers are the expein India is living upon a Christian rienced; I know, what do you ideal and thinks it is Hinduism. youngsters know?

Third, "Be ye not called lead- "Spoiling the Natives" ers." The attitude of the leader Again are "Missionaries dis- is; I lead, you follow.

turbers of the peace by their inter- But Jesus said: "Be ye called ference in non-Christian lands?" servants. That is the only attitude We plead guilty. We are spoiling I can trust you with." It is the the natives for some things. We only Christian attitude.

want to. We want to spoil them In the homeland. it might be for chains. We want them to re- well to cease training leaders and fuse to live in slavery, mentally or train some servants, who through spiritually or physically. Lord service will find leadership. If you Inchcape said that the Christian send out leaders. you will have a missionaries are at the bottom of lot of people who are trying to the uprising in China. I shouldn't lead. If you will train servants, wonder. We do not want people the servant of all will become

leader of all by sheer fact of that tionals as soon as men are ready service. That is the kind of leader- to take over, clear up to the bishop- ship that is worthwhile. Tell can- ric. When we suggested an In- didates that you are sending them dian bishop the greatest opposition out there to lose themselves in came from the Indians themselves.

service, and then they will find We have been slow but we are on themselves. the right track.

On the mission field we are At the Jerusalem Conference the searching to find out our weakness- National Christian delegates from es as never before and in some of all the mission fields said that they the strategic places we are putting are not yet able to carryon the nationals where missionaries used work without missionary help.

to be. We are making an effort And these Nationals were men and to develop the right kind of serv- women who are not afraid to take ants as leaders in the native responsibility and to voice criti- Church. cisms. Men like David Yui, one Another objection is made of the outstanding men of China against continuing foreign mis- said: "We need you; we are not sionary support today. It is that yet ready to take over the work of "Nationals 'are able to carryon evangelizing our people."

alone." We wish they were. If The Need at Home we are trying to do anything, it is to work ourselves out of the job. Again, is there "so much work Weare there not merely to do a at the Home Base" that we cannot work, but to train men on the field afford to send men and money who will do it. It is a delicate abroad? I do not doubt at all that question as to how fast we can there is plenty of work to be done turn over the control to the native at home. But the Church at home churches. In North India we have needs Christian missions to save it turned over our largest college, the from decay. I know a great church Lucknow Christian College, to an that has withdrawn itself from the Indian president who now has rest of the world, and has said, American professors working un- "We are going to build a great der him. Our largest theological body." They built a million dollar seminary has also been turned over body at the expense of giving up to a National, under whom are work for others. After they got American professors. Half of our the million dollar body they found finance committee in the North they had a two-cent soul. I have India Conference are Nationals not seen anywhere in the United who can outvote missionaries five States a more disgruntled and un- to one. They can, if they wish, happy congregation. Big buildings send only Indian delegates to our are all right if you have souls big General Conference. Half of the enough to inhabit them and use district superintendents are Na- them. Christian missions help to tionals. We would like to turn put soul into the work of the over more control to them as soon Church. By losing ourselves for as we have the kind of men to others we receive more than we whom it can be entrusted wisely. give.

There is a delicate line there. The In 1923 there was one minister missionaries can be trusted to give to every 524 people in the United over the responsibilities to the Na- States. One minister ought to be

able to look after that number. with a passion that lies at the But when we think of vast millions heart of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. in the world who have no mission- When we have this the Church will ary or only one to a million souls arise and respond. there seems to be room for missionaries in other lands. Four years ago I found an en- tirely different situation here. At What about the other objection that time we in the United States that "American Christianity is not seemed to be suffering from "the a living power at home and so paralysis of analysis." Men were should not be sent abroad." We seeking to place the blame for cannot assent to that. Christian- failures in mission work. Now we ity in America is not as living a are beginning a constructive phase power as it might be, but Christ of Christian missions. We realize is a living power here. We believe that Christ is necessary to men. that the heart of the home church We know that we have the reis sound and if the Christian min- sources, and if those in charge of istry will lead the church, the the missionary movement have the ~hristians at home are ready for passion and single-minded devoa great advance. This is my con- tion, and if they are willing to pay viction. . the price, then I believe that the doors are open to the greatest con- But most Christian people in structive era in the history of America are not raising objections Christian missions. In the transito the conduct of Christian mis- tion to this new day there is still sions abroad; they are asking: one thing that holds steady- "What can we do to help?" They Christ is as necessary for the huare waiting for leadership in a man heart as light is necessary to constructive advance. We need a the human eye. leadership based upon service and O NE beautiful day we climbed to the crest of a hill above the city of Hwai Yen, in Central China, to look out over the great mission field surrounding the city. I tried to count the vil1ages and towns over those fertile inland Chinese plains and counted up to three or four hundred; then the distant haze hid the other towns from view. The great' fields were ready for the harvest. We turned from the vision of the field waiting and reapers so few, and sat down inside the little temple. On the wall was an inscription which James Cochran, translated for us. It ran: "Where there is an earnest beseeching, there will be a sure reply."

"Wanted-bread for a hungry world." "Wanted-light for a groping world." Will there be a sure reply? Will we put what we have of life and life's possessions into assuring that reply? Are we American Christians going to follow the voice of Christ that bids us go across the world and share what has been given to us with all mankind, or are we not? Will we give the Gospel or try to keep it-and lose it?-"Are Foreign Missions Done For?"

UNCHANGING ESSENTIALS·

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Interest and Investment in the corporate activities of the O NE of the aspects of the great body. deliverance of the Mission- Third, there is the motive of spe- ary Council at Jerusalem on cial interest in persons or in ac- "The Christian Message," relates tivities. We know some individual, to the bearing of the Message upon or we are interested in a particular the problem of missionary interest enterprise, and we give because of and giving in the church at home. our specific interest. All of our What are the actual motives of boards make as much as they can missionary giving operating in our out of this motive, and in many churches today? cases it is a genuinely spiritual First, there is the motive of lo- motive. In other cases, it is little cal congregational respectability. more than a sense of friendly per- Such money is given with very lit- sonal interest.

tie thought as to the object for Beyond these three motives lie which it is given. Men and women deeper ones. There is the motive feel that they must decently dis- of philanthropic sympathy. Many charge their ordinary responsibil- men will give money for child wel- ities and they give to objects set fare or the relief of child suffering, before them with little more motive who will give it for nothing else.

than that of the sense of congrega- A prominent banker in one of our tional respectability. I imagine that churches, when I was laying a cer- there is more of this now than tain enterprise before him, said: there used to be, in response to the "I will not give a dollar for any- pressure of the every member can- thing except for little children. but vass which brings to bear on the I will give you any amount of mon- whole congregation a sense of duty, ey you need, and that I can, for of sharing in the responsibility of that particular interest." Some- the congregation as a whole. often thing of the same sort lies behind without any very clear realization some of the support of the medical of the objects for which there missionary enterprise. Human suf- should be any giving at all. fering appeals to the hearts of men, Second, there is the motive of and they are moved to give to its denominational loyalty. This is a relief.

little fuller than the motive of con- Beyond this motive there lies gregational respectability. The another, that some would call deep- giving under the budget and the er still-The sense of social obli- ratio plan rests, in the case of many gation. This is based on the feel- givers, largely on this motive of de- ing of our collective relationship; nominational loyalty. The church and the readiness of men to help member feels himself to be part of to bear the burdens of the whole the denomination and he is pressed of the world. Men will give to with the duty of taking some part great educational institutions now and then, because these are min- • Extracts from an Address at the Foreign .t l. n Mlssiolls Conference, Detroit, January, 1929. e r g to deep national needs. IS 4 369

They will even give to missionary terprise needs today is that we enterprises that promote human should rest it more securely and peace and brotherhood and better absolutely than ever on this founinternational understanding, be- dation. cause such work contains the ideals of a more rational collective human Missionary Going life. That motive is a real one, and a great deal of missionary money We might also analyze the accomes from men who are not feel- tual motives behind missionary ing the deeper motive bordering going. We cannot group all these on this. motives under anyone classifica- tion. They are not quite as diverse Behind all these, lie the more and they do not run out quite as purely religious motives. Religion thin as some of the motives of runs far deeper than these other giving. Often a motive will suffice interests and behind these motives to lead a man to give money that I have mentioned, the missionary would never lead him to give his enterprise must rest on a deeper life. religious motive of propagating the Christian religion, of sharing J e- But there are many of these mosus Christ. as Saviour with all the tives that spring from the sense rest of the world. of human compassion and brother- hood. There is the desire to put Even this is capable of a double life to the best use, the willingness interpretation. There are many to give whatever one has that is who believe in sharing Christ with good to the rest of mankind, while the world, because they think other motives are less adequate Christ will be helpful to others; than these. They are worthy mothat the other religions are not tives for human service but not quite as good as the Christian re- absolutely evangelical. ligion; and that there is something in Christ that should be given to The motive that constrained men all other peoples. and women to go out as mission- aries at the beginning, that I be- Christ Indispensable lieve alone will be sufficient to continue the missionary enterprise, But deeper than that is the in- is the desire to share our Saviour terpretation in which I believe- and the only Saviour with a world that Jesus Christ is the only full that absolutely needs that Saviour. religion, and that therefore we are This motive ought to lay hold of bound to carry Christ to all the us in the old way and in a new way. world. He is the religion that every man must accept if he is to I have a letter from a business have the religion that every man man written in reply to a commuabsolutely needs. The true motive nication with regard to the misis the sharing of Christ with the sionary situation. He says in world, because Christ is indispen- substance: sable and absolutely essential to the whole of human life. I am only a business man, but I am speaking, I know, in behalf of thousands My conviction is that if we elimi- of other laymen, whom I am meeting nate this last motive all the mis- allover our Christian churches. Your sionary giving will sooner or later missionary enterprise is suffering, first dry up. What our missionary en- of all because you have too much false and unworthy theology in it. In the second place, it is suffering because you have lost the old central, simple ways

THE UNCHANGING ESSENTIALS

of doing your work and you are relying unprecedented, unequalled, unsucon all kinds of secondary and unspiritual ceeded, historic fact, the fact of the agencies. Your preachers are sensation- incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, alists. They are not content any longer and the delivering deed that Jesus with the reasoned statement of Christian Christ did once for all by His life conviction. They are playing all kinds and His death and His resurrecof games in trying to hold together their tion. We need this very sorely in Christian congregations and galvanizing our modern world-the clear unwith unreal dynamic the activity of the equivocal recovery of this New Christian faith in the modern world. Testament declaration, that was expressed at the Jerusalem Coun- This business man might have a fuller and more comprehensive cil. view, but he has put his finger on The Council, in its Message, also some truth. We might as well recognize it. I thank God that at recognized in the most generous the International Council at J eru- terms the spiritual values of the non-Christian religions, but it desalem, this statement in regard to clared that all those values were the Christian Message, fearlessly fulfilled and transcended in Jesus went right to the heart of this mat- Christ. Those who speak of "the ter. That message shows the foun- new attitude toward non-Christian dations on which alone we can religions" ought to realize that we maintain the missionary enter- dare not call a thing "new," unless prise. it never was before. What is there in our new attitude toward the non- Our Missionary Message Christian religions that is true that is new at all. First of all, the message asserted unequivocally and uncompromis- One of the dearest friends I ever ingly the uniqueness, the finality had, was the late Dr. F. F. Ellenand the absoluteness of J esU8 wood, for more than a generation Christ, and the revelation of God secretary of the Presbyterian in Christ. Without losing our- Board of Foreign Missions, and selves in any cloud we believe that one of the ablest men we have ever Jesus Christ is sufficient and that had in the Christian church or in Jesus Christ is indispensable. Of the missionary forces of our land course there is much in Him, that or of the world. Read Dr. Ellenwe have never yet uncovered. He wood's books, and then tell me wouldn't be God if that were not what you have that is new in comtrue. But we don't believe there parison with his attitude of mind. is anything outside of Christ that needs to be imparted to Him. Go back further to Archbishop Trench, and in his lectures on More and more we have to see "Christ, the Desire of the Naour Gospel whole. We have to tions," read an anticipation of the realize that it is an act that God deliverance of the Jerusalem Coundid, that He did in history, that cil by seventy-five years. Those He did once for all, and it is not lectures are the generous descripdependent upon our belief or our tion of the spiritual values of the unbelief for its reality. It is there non-Christian religions, and show in history, and our Christian Gos- in a most glorious way how all pel is not merely a comparison of those values are realized and perpresent spiritual values between fected and transcended in Jesus the different religions of the world; it is the message of a great, unique,

Christ. These values, which in sive for it holds that all essential their real merit are spiritual religious truth is in Jesus Christ.

values incorporated in personal The Jerusalem Message also sets character, we are constantly con- Christ in His first and central fusing with the great systems from place, so that everything else falls which we think they come out into naturally into its own right place.

the lives of men. When men talk When this position is accepted oth- today about the possibility of our er problems are not troublesome- regenerating these great non- indUstry, the social problem, the Christian systems they forget the race problem, the problem of war, history of human thought. political problems – all resolve In a striking article on the sub- themselves when we put Christ" in ject of our attitude toward the non- his first and central and complete Christian religions, printed in The and commanding place. We will Indian Standard, Dr. H. D. Gris- not have so much discussion and wold, as competent a Sanscrit stu- disagreement over these issues if dent as we have, deals with our at- we all stand on common ground as titude toward the great non-Chris- to the uniqueness, the sufficiency tian religions as systems. The first and finality of Christ.

part of this' paper is a noble and Again the Jerusalem Council re- generous expression with regard to vealed to many of us how close we these spiritual, personal values. have come to universal Christian Then he says: conceptions in the great historic A study of the missionary history of Christian church. Many times we the Christian centuries fails to show a are told that the Christianity of single example of the transfiguration of the west is Occidental, and that we any non-Christian system of thought or must change this if we would comreligion. The early church met Greek, mend Christianity to the world. Roman, and Teutonic paganism. Not As a matter of fact Western theoone of the non-Christian systems assumed logical forms were largely moulded a Christian form, although doubtless they had numbers of adherents whose thoughts and lives had been more or by Eastern minds, for the Greek less influenced by Christianity. As old fathers represented predominantly systems they died a natural death. the Oriental attitude, while the Latin fathers represented the The new wine of the kingdom re- Western attitude. The true, hisquired new wine skins. The new gar- toric, Christian tradition is a comment of Christianity cannot be fastened position that answers to the unias patches upon the old garment of any versal mind and the universal non-Christian system. No man or woman of fine Christian experience and conviction can find a permanent home in any non-Christian system. The only proper home for such is in the Christian heart. Weare coming, in science church. and philosophy, to see that there I believe that the day is coming is no real distinction between Occi- when we will have thought our- dental and Oriental science and selves through a great deal of the philosophy. There is only the vague mist that surrounds us now, truth. The same is true in regard in the field of comparative religion, to the great Christian tradition, and will draw back closer to the as we saw when we tested our full, clear, unequivocal and inclu- Eastern friends at Jerusalem.

sive attitude of the New Testament Set apart for that purpose and toward non-Christian systems. not in the whole commission but The New Testament view is inclu- in a smaller group, two of the men

from Asia raised the question ascended into Heaven-the same whether we other men from the Jesus whom men had seen and who West were not falling altogether will come back as men saw Him too much into Western modes of go–we felt there in that environ- thought and Western forms of ex- ment and in that fellowship, a real pression. Our reply was, "We be- experience such as we never had lieve that we are all essentially had before. And in that experience, agreed in the things that underlie. we saw with a new unclouded as- Won't you two men go off by your- surance what the foundations of selves and put it in words for us?" this Christian enterprise are. The So they went off to put it into missionary enterprise stands more words, and then when they came securely on these conceptions of back we asked them for the result Christianity than any other enter- and they would not give it to us. prise we have. It must be sup- And when we asked them why, they ported, not as a philanthropy, not said, "We find that what we have as an educational undertaking, not written is more Western than what as a great benevolence; but under you have written." Two of the all as a Christological movement in cleverest minds from Asia in the its deepest sense. It must be sup- Conference,' when they attempted ported by men who believe in to express Christian truth in East- Christ as the essential and indis- ern phraseology could not do it pensable Saviour, and in the Chris- and realized that the great his- tian Gospel as complete and final, toric statements of the Christian and to be shared with all the rest Church are not racial; they are of the world. This is the essential not sectional; they are universal. nature of our undertaking. The We are a great deal nearer in missionary enterprise can not be the historic tradition of Christian- transformed into an ecclesiastical ity to a universal accent than we Red Cross, or an international will come by surrendering to the education board, or a society for catch words of our decade, and the improvement of urban and thinking that we can revise what rural conditions. All these are a the whole of humanity, working part of the fruitage that flows through nineteen hundred years, out of the undertaking. But the has not been able to produce. No- real root of this enterprise, the body says that we have exhausted great tap root runs down into the Christ, least of all those of us uniqueness of the Person and the who believe that in Christ dwelleth Gospel of Christ and the indispen- "all the fullness of the Godhead sableness of that Person and that bodily." But we do say that the Gospel to the whole world and to researches must be made in Christ every man and every woman in and on the foundations that have the world.

been laid. Much will change inevitably in Once again, the Jerusalem Coun- the missionary enterprise but this cil brought to all of us a very great one thing can not change. If we experience. There was a fellow- want a watchword for our move- ship there that was a fellowship ment that word is found in the of the highest and there in the land Epistle to the Hebrews: "Jesus where Christ lived, where He died, Christ the same; yesterday and and on the hill from which He today, and forever."

e-oPICS Of THE

WHO IS BROAD MINDED? What is our interest in the Jew at Some men pride themselves on their our doors? Is there anything more breadth of mind and their wide in- than spasmodic attention given to the terests. They contrast themselves to changes going on in the Moslem lands narrow-minded preachers and mission- and in India? Honestly, how broad ary enthusiasts. They claim to be and deep are our interests in our fel- broad because of their "liberal" views lowmen and in their relationship to on strong drink, amusements, sex the program of God? problems and their indifference to the- Even a cursory glance through the ological controversy. Are they really broad or only shallow? Not long ago periodicals and books that come each we met a geJ;ltleman high in the busi- month to an editor's table give some ne~s world, a man of wealth, who idea of the broadening influence of an intelligent interest in missions.

claImed to be too broad to be inter- This subject is vitally related to every ested in church affairs. In point of man, woman and child in this planet. fact, he was too narrow-minded to The purpose of Christian missions is think beyond the present life and too to relate every human being to God limited in vision to see beyond his and to fellow human beings in a way own home and business interests. t~at will. promote wisdom, peace, hap- pmess, nghteousness, love and unself- There is nothing so deepening and elevating as a vital relationship to ish service. J esu~ Christ, the Son of God, and In our own narrow spheres we are nothmg so broadening as a vital interest in the Kingdom of God and impressed with the suffering we see, its progress. Men and women read- with family discords, with business rivalry, with bootlegging and lawless- ing the daily paper reveal their most ness and frivolity. We are either v~tal interests by the attention they tempted to discouragement or indif- glve to sports, fashion, society news, ference and turn our attention to stock market reports, literature, poli- pleasure and other absorbing intertics, religion, and domestic or foreign ests, or we may seek in our own feeble news. Does our reading make us way to overcome evil with good.

more narrow and provincial or does When we read the story of the de- it broaden our horizon and interests? velopment of God's program in the Many are not at all concerned with world life takes on a new interest, the welfare of Mexico aside from the a new meaning. There is no danger influence a revolution may have on of ennui, for time and strength are their personal business. Do we care too limited to keep abreast of all the enough for the famine sufferers of topics and enterprises that are of im- China or Armenia, as well as those portance and of thrilling interest.

in America, to understand their need Here are a few items taken at random and to help to supply it? Are we from the press reports of a single truly interested in the betterment of week-and thoughts they stir.

the Negro in our country and also in . (1) .A picture of a fine group of boys Africa? Do we take time to inform marchmg to morning prayers at Calaourselves as to the Oriental students bar .College, Jamaica. Who can predict and workers in America and in A .? tihnethmeflcuoernnciengthyaetartsh?ese boys may exert Sla.

374 (2) The report of a generous thank- all of God's program; broad enough offering in self-denial week among the in vision to look into all the corners black Christians of the Congo–not one of the earth to see how God is work- generation removed from gross heathen- ing; warm enough in heart not to ism. fear lest they will be moved by such interest and vision to give up some (3) The story of a Sunday with Chris- self indulgence to supply a brother's tian Khond's of India, showing their or sister's need, and loving enough new vision of God and of life. and Christ-minded enough to take in the whole world and to use all talents (4) The romance of the Karen mis- in true partnership with God. sion, Burma, where remarkable trans- formations are taking place. MISSIONARY STOCKHOLDERS ( 5) The answer to the question, Why I T WOULD mean a new day of Iceland gave up prohibition of intoxi- Christian missions if everyone cant&-and what Spain had to do with it. who puts money into the enter- prise would study the reports as close- (6) An estimate of imperialism as a ly and watch the returns as eagerly . menace to Christian progres&-showing as those who invest money in the stock market. the relation of international politics to the Kingdom of God. One great obstacle to missionary progress is the indifference of those (7) The picture of a new day dawn- who should be its supporters. How ing for Baxter, Tennessee–and what many hear an appealing statement of New York Christians had to do with it. the need and opportunity, invest a small sum in the enterprise and (8) The story of some startling de- promptly forget.about it. They never velopments in China and the relationship make inquiries as to the returns, never of the new government to the old religion. send up a prayer to God to guide and bless the workers and consequently (9) A report of the activities of the never know whether the investment Mexican War-God, and the possible re- has really been worth while. sults. One of the officers of the Presby- (10) A description of the Anglo-Sax- terian Board of Foreign Missions has on in the southern mountains of the issued a "statement to stockholders" United States, and the results of ar- that may well represent the returns rested progress. on the investment in the work con- ducted for Christ in many fields by So we might go on picking up clues many boards. This statement by Dr. at random from hundreds of papers. Robert E. Speer is in part as follows: Every broadminded man must be in- terested in his fellowmen, of what- The foreign missionary business is not ever race or color or nation. Every the business of the Board only; it is the true Christian must be interested in business of the Church. The Board is God's program for mankind, and in simply chosen by the company to direct the way in which the purpose of Christ affairs, honestly, economically and effi- and His mission to the world is being ciently. fulfilled. There are certain problems which must The REVIEW exists especially to make be reported to the stockholders for their known the facts of vital importance information and decision at this time. related to the advancement of the Kingdom of God on earth-without First, certain adverse conditions, which prejudice or partiality. Here you will were very unfavorable to the enterprise, learn of the needs of obscure corners are beginning to settle down satisfac- of the earth as well as those that torily. For the time being, at least, appear on the front page of the daily civil war in China has practically ceased press. Here we describe work of all and a group of men is trying to develop branches of the Christian church in a stable national government. The new all parts of the world. The followers situation provides more stability and a of Christ should pull together in car- rying out His program and in order to do this we must each of us "look not only on his own things but also on the things of others." There is great need today to increase the num- ber of Christians who are broad enough minded to take an interest in

better hope that the old nominal consti- and opens the way for our Christian tutional promises of religious liberty may business. And the other of these two be observed. Missionaries have returned new elements in the life of India is the to their stations. Most missionary insti- ever enlarging admiration for Christ and tutions have resumed their work, and the the ever wider conception of him as the Chinese Christians have had thrown upon authoritative moral ideal. Will the them and are not unworthily bearing a Company seize this opportunity to acmuch heavier burden of responsibility. complish the task for which it was or- China is the biggest field in the world for ganized and which each stockholder has the diffusion of Christianity. The need declared is the chief con~ern of his life, is more distinct than ever and the op- namely, to make the Saviour known and portunity is opening to meet that need. to fulfil his prayer, "Thy kingdom come Will not the shareholders order their on earth"? directors to act with courage and daring? Our personnel and plants throughout Another anxious situation has been re- the world are very satisfactory. There lieved in Persia. For a few months it have been some heavy losses.. …. But seemed possible that mission schools there are fifteen hundred men and womwould have to close or would be closed. en of the best on earth representing us. It was proposed to exclude from them And their schools and hospitals and all Christian teaching and to require the in- the institutions of their work are so clusion of Moslem teaching. But now many efficient and productive powerthe schools may go on with larger privi- houses of life and love and service. leges and immunities than ever, including exemption of students from military Your directors want to say a plain and service, and no limitation whatever on conclusive word about the misrepresenta- Christian teaching and influence except tion in circulation to the effect that your that the Bible may not be taught as a business is mismanaged, that "it takes a required subject in the regular cur- dollar to send a dollar," or worse yet riculum to Moslem students. A Church that "most of each dollar is taken up by of Christians from all races is growing administration and promotion and never up in Persia at the center of the Mo- reaches the field." This is false. And hammedan world. Is this not another the gifts on the foreign field received by call for wise and friendly development of the missionaries for the work offset three times the total cost of promotion and the enterprise? administration. And all around the 'world the field is Each dollar spent in this business acopen and inviting. In Chosen the gov- complishes ten times as much as a dollar ernment is giving the mission schools spent at home. Take the case of one the recognition which they have long suburban town near New York. Each sought, and now the question is as to dollar given for the hospital in that town the ability of the missions to improve provides 1/17 of the expense of one pathe opportunity for which they have tient. In our foreign missions hospitals worked and prayed. What is the use of each dollar given by the home Church toiling with sweat and blood for oppor- provides the support of ten patients. In tunities which, through want of support the schools in this same town there are from home, cannot be used when they 3,314 pupils and the cost of the schools per annum is $395,000, or $119 per pupil. are won? And the grade of these schools does not In India two new elements fill each go above the high school. On the for- eign field the total cost of our mission year an increasing place. One is the schools to the home Church, including growing recognition, in theory at least, the salaries of all the missionary of the principle of religious freedom. teachers, is approximately $1,500,000. The Religious Unity Conference held in There are 110,653 pupils – an average Delhi in 1924, composed of leading rep- cost per annum of $13 per pupil as comresentatives of all the religions in India, pared with $119, and our foreign misadopted strong resolutions in favor of sion schools include colleges, universifull religious freedom and the new con- ties and graduate schools. The business stitution proposed from India by the All is efficiently and economically done. It Parties Conference of 1928 provides, challenges anyone's closest scrutiny. among the acknowledged "Fundamental Rights," that "there shall be no state re- But the support of the enterprise by ligion for the Commonwealth of India the stockholders of the Company is inor for any province in the Common- adequate. We have our work laid out wealth," and tbat "no person shall by on a scale of operations beyond the presreason of his religion, caste or creed be ent support of the organization. One of prejudiced in any way in regard to pub- two things will have to be done. Either lic employment, office of power or honor the level of our activities will have to and the exercise of any trade or calling." be lowered and their scope contracted or This indeed is as yet only theoretical but it is becoming increasingly IIctual

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the level of the Church's support will in the home and in the vocational direchave to be raised. The stockholders will tion of life. have to decide…… Read again Matthew 28: 19 and Mark 16: 15 and Acts (5). The right ideals and principles of 1: 8 and Luke 9: 62. separate, cooperative or united work in the relationships of men and women. If, in spite of the charter and the will of the Head, the Company means to con- A special committee of the General tract and withdraw, where shall the reduction be made? What sick folk are to Council consisting of Dr. Robert E. be turned out or what boys and girls are to be dismissed from school or where Speer, Mrs. F. S. Bennett, Miss Maris the Gospel to be withheld? garet E. Hodge and Dr. Lewis S. If the Company is unwilling to scuttle any of its Lord's work then there is only Mudge, was appointed to study the one alternative. Lift the level of giving. Lift it now ….. . subject further and report at the We can give all that the Head of our meeting of the Council, March 6th. Company is asking of us in order that That some adjustments should be His last command may be obeyed and that His gospel may be given to all to made is obvious, when the General whom it belongs. Council has found the way of wisdom STATUS OF WOMEN and the true path of progress. Many women in the Church are not satisfied with present administrative OBITUARY NOTES conditions. Some fear the loss of the women's organizations through which JAMES R. BAILEY, M.D., of Impur, they have worked and some regard as Assam, died on December 8, 1928. From unjust the lack of adequate represen- the time of his arrival at Impur in 1910 tation of women in the Church. as an American Baptist missionary, he had been traveling constantly among the The General Council of the Presby- natives, ministering to their needs, terian Church recently appointed a preaching the gospel and by his own special committee consisting of Mrs. example teaching them to know Christ. Fred S. Bennett of the Board of Na- During the World War Dr. Bailey spent tional Missions and Miss Margaret his furlough in France ministering to Hodge, of the Board of Foreign Mis- the Assam Labor Battalions. He is a sions, to consider the matter. They graduate of Bucknell University and the presented a careful report to the Coun- Medico-Chirurgical Medical College, cil in November, 1927, and later fifteen Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His work representative women were invited to in the Naga Hills annually meant the meet with the General Council for a care of 5,000 out-patients, 1,000 free full study of all the issues involved. treatments to Impur school boys, hun- These topics included: dreds of calls throughout the district, and many operations. "To do this work," (1). The status of women in the Dr. Bailey said, "many hundreds of miles ecclesiastical organizations of the had to be traveled on pony, and when Church-the diaconate, the eldership and paths were too steep, on foot. Many the ministry, the presbytery, the synod, times I have sat down to rest thinking and the General Assembly. I had used my last ounce of strength, only to be renewed and start the climb (2). Women's organized work in the in a few minutes, up and on till the last Church, the Missionary Societies, young village was reached, and there hold meetpeople's organizations, and women's aid in"'Q sell medicine, visit sick, and then societies-their present and future scope to bed about midnight, tired and weary, and responsibility. yet conscious of being spent in the Mas- ter's service." (3). The relations of the women of the Church to women's organizations ** outside of the Church. REY. GEORGE H. HUBBARD, a missionary (4). Women's unorganized work in in Foochow, China, since 1884, until his the Church, including personal evangel- last furlough, died recently at West ism, Sunday-school teaching, influence Haven, Conn., at the age of seventy- three. As a missionary of the American Board, he and his wife specialized in evangelistic work, and were always in- terested in the common people. He edited a colloquial paper printed in the Romanized Chinese, and aided in the preparation of other literature, but his chief contribution was the foundinl!' of the Chinese Christian Endeavor Move- ment in 1885.

WHO'S WHO AMONG OUR tian Missions in China" and other vol- AUTHORS umes.

WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., is a well- DR. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL pracknown and popular lecturer, traveler tised Law at Baltimore from 1882 to and author who lives at Swarthmore, 1883 and after occupying the chair of Pennsylvania (when at home). He philosophy at Park College, Missouri, bestumped the country with the Laymen's came professor of Biblical Literature at Vassar College, which chair he occupied Movement for the first big conventions. for twenty years. He made an extensive His articles on Sunday-school lessons are visit to mission fields in Japan, China printed in more than a hundred daily and India a few years ago and to Egypt newspapers with a weekly circulation of and the Near East last year. He is president of the Board of Trustees of several million. He has been a Chautauqua speaker and is author of several the American University in Cairo. volumes including "Bible Lands Today" and "Men and Missions." Among his books are "The Life of CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., is Home Christ," "Graves Lectures on Missions," and "The Apostolic Age."

Secretary of the American Board of REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D., went as a Commissioners for Foreign Missions and missionary to India in 1897 and was is a writer and speaker of note. He is a president of Gordon College, Ramal graduate of Amherst College and Yale Pindi, from 1899 to 1903. He has been Divinity School, and has traveled ex- corresponding secretary of the Board of tensively through Africa and the Orient. Foreign Missions of the United Presbytf,- His books include "The Rosary," "The rian Church since 1916 and is the author Business of. Missions" which has been of "Far North in India," "A Watered widely influential. His latest volume is Garden," and other volumes.

"Foreign Missions Under Fire." DR. FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, is Bishop DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES is a well- of the Methodist Episcopal Church (New known sociologist. He was acting head York District). He was president of worker in the University Settlement, DePauw University from 1909 to 1912 New York City (1901-02) and director when he was elected bishop of the Methof the Research Department of Hampton odist Episcopal Church. He was presi- Institute (1902-09). He was specialist dent of the Religious Educational Assoin Education in the U. S. Bureau of ciation in 1916 and is now president of Education (1912-19) and has been Edu- the Federal Council of Churches of cational Director of the Phelps Stokes Christ in America. Among his books Fund since 1913. He led an Educational are "Religious Certainty," and "The Commission to West, South and Equa- Christlike God."

torial Africa in 1920-21 and again to REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.O., went to India in 1907 and in 1926 was ap- East Africa in 1924. His latest volume pointed evangelist to Educated India and is "Essentials of Civilization" (1929).

REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.O., is now the to the high caste Indians. He was a pastor of the Shadyside Presbyterian delegate to the General Conference of Church. He was lecturer at McCormick the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1924, Theological Seminary (1910-11) and a and has twice refused the bishopric. He few years ago made a tour of the Far is a widely-known evangelist and the East studying the missionary situations. author of the popular volumes "Christ Among his books are "Children's Story of the Indian Road," and "Christ At the Sermons," "Children's Missionary Story- Round Table." He has just returned to Sermons," "The Highway of Life" and India after a strenuous speaking tour "The Gospel in Modern Poetry." He is in South America and in the United president of the Board of Christian Edu- States.

cation of the Presbyterian Church. ROBERT E. SPEER, a graduate of Prince- PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE ton University, has been corresponding was for some years in China under the secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Yale Mission and is at present professor Foreign Missions since 1892. He has of Missions and Oriental History at Yale several times traveled around the world University. He is a member of the Inter- and to South America and other lands. national Missionary Council and was for He was moderator of the General As- some time chairman of the Executive sembly of the Presbyterian Church from Committee of the Student Volunteer 1926 to 1927 and president of the Fed- Movement. He is author of "The De- eral Council of Churches from 1924 to velopment of China," "The Development 1926. He is the author of many volumes of Japan," "The Christian Basis of the latest of which is entitled "Are World Democracy," "History of Chris- Foreign Missions Done For?"

ETIlODS fOR

By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HANDLING OBJECTORS ice has steadily decreased from ap- A chronic objector, sooner or later proximately 2,700 in 1920 to less than to his own hurt, becomes a despised 300 in 1928. During these same years obstructionist. the number of new missionaries has also dropped though not in the same A good thing to remember proportion. Our American Boards And a better thing to do, have always had more volunteering Is to work with the construction gang than sailing in any given year until And not with the wrecking crew. 1924. Since then the opposite has CRITICS AND CANDIDATES been true, and so persistently and in- MILTON T. STAUFFER, creasingly true as to justify genuine concern. The contrast between 252 Secretary of the Foreign Missions Conference people who volunteered for mission- 0/ North America ary service in 1928 and 600 in the same year who received appointment We are deeply concerned over the (having volunteered from two to six future supply of well-qualified mis- years previously) must make every sionaries. Many of us repeatedly missionary leader pause and wonder raise questions like these: Are our where our future supply of missionyoung people volunteering in suffi- aries is to come from. The visible cient numbers? Are we sympathet- number of candidates now in line for ically aware of their difficulties and application and appointment in 1933 needs whenever we challenge them to and on, offers a strange contrast to consider foreign missions as a life former years. While a few Boards calling and are we helpful to them in may still be embarrassed by their reaching right decisions? So many riches in available candidates-the infactors enter into present-day situa- evitable consequence of the outpourtions that answers to these questions ing of life immediately following the are not simple, yet we feel we must war-this embarrassment is sure to be face them if the cause of foreign mis- short-lived, unless indeed our Amer- Jions is not to be embarrassed or even ican churches fail utterly in their miscrippled in the years immediately sionary giving. ahead. Now is the day for intelligent action. Tomorrow may be too late, so During the current year, the various far as our needs for missionary can- foreign missionary agencies of the didates next year and the following United States and Canada have listed year are concerned. Merely recording calls for 1,186 new missionaries. Of certain observations in outline, let us these, 432 are marked provisional, see if we can help one another toward which means that while the Boards a more fruitful exercise of our mis- would like to send out 1,186 workers, Rionary witness.

The Situation Calls for Concern tinancial provision has thus far been made for only 754. Of these calls 700/0 The number of young people vol un- come from ten major boards. For the teering during college and post-college first time since the war, mission years for the foreign Christian serv- boards are experiencing difficulty in 379

securing enough candidates. Either The Decline in ClUldidates they must be content with second-best material or let their calls go unfilled. Speaking negatively, it cannot be at- Eleventh-hour hand picking in the open market will not solve this diffi- tributed to any lack of social idealism culty which for some boards is certain to grow. on the part of Christian youth. They At the present time, mission boards are concerned with the abolition of are making their selections from candidates who volunteered five or six war, the Christianization of racial and years ago. Weare still running, therefore, on the momentum of pre- industrial relations, and other similar vious years so far as recruiting and selection are concerned. We are not social issues. The fact, however, that securing sufficient recruits to meet the needs of the boards four and five this idealism is not leading them into years ahead. foreign missionary service needs in- Inquiry over a long period of years has revealed the fact that new mis- terpretation. Among many factors sionaries are reaching their decision for missionary service earlier in life that account for this declining rate of than was true formerly. For example: in 1920 we find that 31 % of those candidates the following may be sugvolunteering decided on a missionary career before entering college. In gestive to us who seek ways and 1927 practically 500/0 reached this important decision during high school means of bettering present situations. years. The pre-college influences seem, therefore, to be on the increase. 1. Adult Christians lack interest in evangeli3m. The term itself has come In 1920 there were 280/0 of the vol- to mean something less or other than unteers who reported strong college the real thing. The church is not sufinfluence resulting in missionary de- ficiently impelled by the thought of its cIsIon. In 1927 only 100/0 attributed debt to Jesus Christ or by the vision of their decision to college influence. In the "life abundant," which He and He other words, we are probably safe in alone gives, to promote missions at sacriconcluding that college influences have ficial cost around the world. We are failed more than pre-college influences anemic. The heat of our enthusiasm is in this direction. In view of the in- below the burning point. As someone creasing number of life work deci- has said-"our churches are now carrysions which are made before college ing all the missionary load their spiritdays, would it not seem wise to give ual strength will bear." Special appeals, greater attention to missionary educa- threats of deficits may be applied as tion among preparatory and high stimulants to a spiritually underschool students? nourished church and these may result in extra contributions over and above Happily, at present, interest in vol- the church quota, but stimulants to a unteering among college students church that has no great increasing seems to be slightly on the increase. purpose to share Christ will never lead The number of students volunteering to missionary life decisions. It takes during January, 1929, is double the spiritually robust churches to give birth number of last January. The in- to missionaries who are qualified to meet crease in inquiries from students re- the exacting spiritual demands of misgarding missionary openings leads one sionary service today and who will bring to believe that this interest in volun- back sheaves. teering will continue. 2. The mtsswnary appeal of our churches i3 frequently mechanical and despiritualized. Material needs and deeds in the mission field are played up but not personality – undeveloped and en- slaved because lived apart from Christ and the freedom and power He offers. As long as youth is asked to give to the general benevolence budget of the church, or toward some school in Asia instead of for human beings, who unlike themselves are in need of intellectual and physical privileges, and most in need of a Christlike understanding of God and of Christ's message of salvation and hope, the heart of the whole matter is missing. Make missions impersonal, despiritualize its objective and you rob it of its warm appeal. It ceases to cap- ture the imagination of youth. It in- spires few life ~commitments.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

3. There is a wide-spread uncertainty nationals. Some students from other among students as to the future of the countries have represented their people foreign missionary enterprise. Some as being hostile to the missionary forces; in fact, a considerable number have em- have been led to believe that the day of phasized the value in their national the missionary enterprise, as it has been cultures to such an extent that they carried on in the past, is over. They have raised doubts in American students' are also questioning whether the Boards minds as to whether or not Christianity will be able financially to send them out has any vital contribution to make to if they do volunteer and prepare for others. Repeatedly they have heard our such service. The last five years have civilization and professed Christian furnished good reasons for this query. social order condemned until, to some The presence at home of so many fur- well intentioned students, it appears as loughed missionaries, and especially the if Western life were still 90% pagan. recent exodus from China, together with the unfavorable attitudes of some for- 7. Then too one will always find those eign students now studying in America, who are suspicious of organized Chrishave increased this uncertainty. In view tianity and do not see that the Christian of these facts, many young people doubt message is being applied in a consistent the desirability of definite and advanced practical way to the whole of life. They decisions in terms of a life purpose. hesitate to subscribe to the credal and doctrinal statements which they think 4. Going deeper one senses particu- they will be required to subscribe to when they apply for missionary service, larly among our college young people an. and which they think are outgrown or upon which they think too much emphauncertainty as to their Christian mes- sis has been placed. One needs sympathy sage. While this lack of religious con- in dealing with these young people for viction is not peculiar to student groups whom the non-Christian aspects of the effect of it in motivation for life serv- American life, even inside our churches, ice is unquestioned. There is in many constitute real obstacles to volunteering cases a vagueness of conception as to for missionary service. the uniqueness of the Christian message. This may be due in part to the rather S. Young people want to look forward superficial study of comparative religion, to a life in which they will find ever wider opportunities for service as the leading students to an over-emphasis on years go on. They have seen missionthe values of non-Christian religious aries return after short periods on the systems, in part also, to the growing field and have come to wonder if missecularization of all life and to inade- sions are any longer a life job. quate or wrong religious education. Certainly there is not evident, on a large 9. During the four years of their scale, that dynamic and passion that ac- college course, which are so important company deep conviction. in making life decisions, students look for religious leadership to student pas- 5. Many students, and this has always tors, faculty members, Y. M. C. A. and been true, are seriously questioning Y. W. C. A. secretaries. At the present whether they can really make th.eir time there is a confusion in the minds of many of these men and women as to the greatest Christian contribution to their place of the missionary enterprise in our generation through foreign missionary day. Many of them are not informed service. There are many new channels as to the facts and have not been given for Christian service, national and inter- satisfactory information and answers to national, opening up today. There are their questions by missionary leaders. broader conceptions of what is involved in Christian service. Moreover, there 10. Students do not know the needs of is a growing tendency in education to- the world. We have been neither realwards specialization. The seeming in- istic nor individualistic in our descripability of the Boards to let the volunteer tion of need. Our missionary literature know the possible general type of service has not dealt adequately with the unand field sufficiently in advance for them finished task either geographically or to prepare adequately for it, has a tend- functionally. ency to deter Volunteering. We are convinced that this demand for some means Ohanging the Situation of certainty is not consistent with a life purpose decision nor with the essential The above analysis of some of the attitude of mind which would make the missionary willing to meet emergencies causes which seem to operate against and hardships once he has accepted missionary appointment. an adequate commitment of life to for- 6. Students today more than formerly eign mission service may leave one in want to know whether th€ younger church groups are inviting missionaries a despairing mood unless he reminds or whether they are being sent in spite himself of these two facts; first, that of the best judgment and desire of the

there are many young people in our waits to be 'motivated by the horror that men should live without Him. This churches and colleges of whom none of means that our apologetic for missions these things can be said and, second, must increasingly be phrased in terms that the bringing in of righteousness of "the abundant life" which Christ and around the world is God's task first Christ alone, can bring. We must visu- alize that abundant life to student audiand last, and ours chiefly and merely ences, we must experience it and because we are God's happy helpers. manifest it in our own lives and over The kingdorn of love, when it cornes, against our picture of the abundant life rnust be His free gift, not something in Christ we must give a true and com- pelling picture of the millions everywe have achieved in and by ourselves. where who are without life abundant here This thought should bring us relief and now, who do not know of Him who from any feeling of strain; a sense of says, "I am the bread that gives life."

power for the missionary movement This is the most difficult and most im- perative and most highly rewarding is nothing less than our partnership obligation we face as Christians today. with God who "will not fail nor be dis- We are challenged to prove the validity couraged until He hath set up right- of our missionary efforts and to match eousness on the earth." As mission- our claims for our faith by the quality and fullness of life we experience. This aries we need this good news to set us is not easy, but it is possible. When free from anxiety. We are not related our young people are arrested by the to a losing cause. Present indications picture of "full" redeemed life-"lacking to the contrary, we know that God's nothing, enjoying all" and have it proved to them that Christ alone for various task in India and Africa will not lag reasons and in various ways makes posfor want of workers. To believe any- sible that life, there is nothing that they thing less would be to admit loss of will not do or dare to share that gift of faith in the essential soundness of life with the last most distant man, woman or child on earth. The trouble youth today, and, worse than this, loss is not with our Christian propositions of faith in God Himself and His ulti- but with our demonstrations. Christ- rnate triumph. like life now, in the flesh before our eyes, To the extent that the present sit- is the Q. E. D. we need for Christian motivation and conviction that will drive uation can be improved by human ef- and drive. fort (and one is convinced that Christian leaders can influence it consider- 3. It will help if we vigorously repudi- ate false and subtle charges against misably if they will) that improvement sions such as the following:-"Missions appears most likely along the follow- are the right arm of Western imperial- ism" – "Missions are nothing less than ing lines: intolerant propaganda." Let us encour- 1. A missionary informed and mi8- age the view that the missionary entersionary motivated ministry in order that prise, like the Christian enterprise, is a the young people of our churches may movement of life, that it is a constantly be prepared for the appeal for life com- changing and growing thing, that it is mitment. The fire of the evangelistic not without its weaknesses and mistakes, must burn again in the home minister's that it truly is progressive, that in all heart and there must be a new and pos- fairness we ought to relate ourselves to itive Christian apologetic. The fellow- it because of its genuine worth and we ship of Christians of all races and creeds ought to judge it in terms of its "whither in a common program of world redemp- bound" no less than in terms of its past tion must become a joyous contagion accomplishments.

until everything the minister does in 4. Because the missionary enterprise America suggests its relation and makes has become a partnership· of younger its contribution in his mind to the total Christian effort around the world. Our and older churches working together, our young people welcome the inter-related- young people before making any final decision for a missionary career should ness of efforts at Christianizing life here be assured that the calls of the mission at home with those of evangelizing and boards are no les8 the calls of Christian of Christianizing life elsewhere. national8 broadcasted from the mission 2. Young people desire nothing quite fields. They have a right to know that so much as "fullness of life here and they go out at the call of the native now." The horror that men should die churches to associate themselves with without Christ has motivated former -native Christian leaders, preferably generations–the present generation under the direction of these leaders, to

METHODS FOR WORKERS

assist in a program of evangelism which 9. The desire of young people for the these native churches have set up for interpretation by Christian nationals of conditions and needs in their own lands themselves. 5. The close bond of sympathy and suggests the application by Boards of a understanding between youth around policy recently adopted by the Student the world suggests another very effective Volunteer Movement. In college after approach, namely, to begin one's address college a little Korean woman in love with a description of those causes or with Christ and the women of her race movements abroad in which the Chris- has been witnessing this past year to the tian youth of other lands are specially worth of missions and appealing for interested and for which they welcome more and better missionaries. Students help with open minds. Our students do not easily forget her word or her call. eagerly respond to the call of fellow She fulfills their demand for first-hand students dedicated to some high cause assurrance that they are still wanted as and by making articulate in our Ameri- missionaries and that there is a real can colleges the aspirations and strug- task awaiting them in foreign lands. gles of youth in foreign lands, the re- 10. Of recent years the suggestion that our recruiting should be made on· sponse is often most encouraging. 6. Not infrequently among students the basis of commitment of life to full who are weary of discussing the prob- time Christian service without reference lems of the world one finds the best ap- to place, reserving that decision until proach to foreign missions through mis- later, has gained wide acceptance. The sionary biography. Unfortunately, much declaration of the Student Volunteer of our modern missionary literature in Movement now reads:-"It is my pur- North America lacks up-to-date human pose, if God permit, to become a foreign interest material. We have produced missionary." There are ardent missionfew biographies since the war, which is ary workers among students today, who surprising when we think of young believe that certain inhibiting reactions American volunteers, who only yesterday to this declaration can be overcome fared forth to share "life," but who are without perceptible loss to students and now gone-William Borden, Max Chap- with possible gain to the missionary lin and Warner Lentz, to mention three. cause, if some such declaration as this One's mind goes out to a great company were to be substituted, namely, "it is my of men and women, "pioneers of life" purpose, if God permit, to give my life in unprivileged places today, the record to full time Christian service, at home– of whose unselfish sharing would shame abroad-," leaving the volunteer free to and thrill every sincere lover of human- indicate, either at the time of signing ity. this declaration, or later after further 7. A recovery of the individual em- study and prayer just where he or she phasis in missionary service is needed purposes that this life service shall be to offset in some degree the institutional given. Obviously there are very large emphasis which is often less personal values in the present wording with its and challenging. Similarly less emphasis strong purposive note and its specializa- on the administrative problems of mis- tion on foreign missions. And no Chris- sions and more emphasis on the needs of tian leader or sincere student, for that men for creative Christian personality matter, would care to see any substituwould greatly strengthen our appeal for tion which would eliminate this purmissionary candidates. Too frequently posive note or weaken the appeal to the audience receives an intellectual dis- definite foreign service by broadening it course on the changing aspects of mis- until it covers both home and foreign sionary effort but is not given a vision fields. of the man in need at one extreme and 11. Until recent years the primary Christ who can meet that need at the and abiding motives of foreign missions other. The latter is needed to win com- have been set forth most vigorously and mitment of life to the missionary cause. insistently by the followers of the con- 8. We have today almost 10,000 for- servative theological school. Their apeign students in our American colleges. peals have been the most earnest and The great majority of these are non- imperative. Their message has been a Christians. A definite program of evan- simple call to repentence from sin and gelism among these foreign students by to belief and salvation in Christ. Beour American churches would witness to cause of failure t() carry this message our sincerity to share what Christ can to all the world countless souls for whom give to all and would greatly enrich the Christ died cannot but be eternally lost. religious life of the countries from which During recent years, particularly these students come and would, I believe, since the war, we have a large and inexert a profound influence on our own creasing number of college students young people who now are arrested by throughout North America who think the foreign missionary challenge, but that they cannot be intellectually honest who are not convinced. with themselves and interpret the pri-

~ary aims and motives of foreign mis- corne life to us. We would share that sIOns exactly in these terms or solely life." within these limits. These students are deeply and sincerely religious. They "Since Christ is the motive, the end have a passion for humanity and for of Christian missions fits in with that unselfish service. Spiritual values are motive. Its end is nothing Jess than real and vibrant for them. They are the production of Christlike character deeply challenged by Jesus and are try- in individuals and societies and naing to live as His true disciples. But tions through faith in and fellowship they do not hold with like firmness some with Christ the living Saviour, and of the dogmatic pre-suppositions which through corporate sharing of life in lie back of foreign missions as inter- a divine society." preted ten or twenty years ago. Important Not. We seem for the present, therefore, to have two schools of thought so far The edttor of thts department covets your as the presentation of foreign missions reaction on Mr. Stauffer's analysis of and sugis concerned. Among certain student gested methods for dealing with the serious groups the older interpretations still problem of life enlistment. hold; among other groups, perhaps equally influential and certainly rapidly Is the scarcity of volunteers for the ministry increasing in numbers, quite different and for Home Missionary work due to these interpretations are alone understandable same snggested causes? and acceptable. The question naturally arises-is the motivation of missions at What methods would you like to see used? its center to be different today than in Your letter should reach me not later than William Carey's time? If it is to be June 1st. different, we may learn from this stu- Address Mrs. F. 1. JDhnson, Room 1018, 156 dent generation what this new motiva- Fifth Avenue. New York. tion is and whether or not it squares with truth and promise of having the A FREE-FOR-ALL DISCUSSION same appeal and power as the old had in its day. "By their fruits ye shall There is scarcely a church in Amerknow them." If it is not to be differ- ica which would not profit by having ent-if the chief difficulty in presenting this heart-searching demonstration the foreign missionary motive today is put on by a group of its finest men. largely one of phraseology and not of content, then to the younger generation (Mr. Pastor, why not try it?) there comes the challenge to recIothe the old primary motives of foreign missions Personnel with twentieth century language and power. W. B. JONES . . . . . . . . "Billy" … Bale Ties RUSSELL J. BALYEAT. "Russ" '" Coal The Jerusalem statement on the GUY CARPER ..•.••••• "Guy" …. Lumber Christian Message may prove of great ARTHUR BROOKS . . . . . "Arthur" . Educator help in this connection. Every Chris- E. G. THATCHER ••••• "Thatch" . Y. M. C. A. tian young man or woman I have met since Jerusalem-regardless of theolog- Secretary ical stand-has subscribed uncondi- HORACE BONNEWITZ .. "Horace" . Batteries tionally to paragraphs like these: WILLIAM MCGIRR•••• "Cap" …. Insurance "Our true and compelling motive lies CHAS. N. POLING •••• "Charley" • Banker in the very nature of the God to whom G. A. BERGER ••••••• "Gus" . . . . Insurance we have given our hearts. Since He C. A. L. PURMORT … ' 'Clyde" .. Insurance is love, His very nature is to share. Christ is the expression in time of Scene the eternal self-giving of the Father. Coming into fellowship with Christ The parlors of the Y. M. C. A. prior we find in ourselves an over-mastering to Monday Rotary Noonday Luncheon. impulse to share Him with others. We Members are arriving by twos and are constrained by the love of Christ threes. Members are standing, seated and by obedience to His last command. or lounging and engaged in informal talk He Himself said, 'I am corne that they on topics of business, sports, politics, might have life, and that they might telling stories, a babel of talk on every have it more abundantly,' and our ex- subject, laughter, argument, all done in perience corroborates it. He has be- a natural way, as men would talk at such times. The crowd increases as other members drop in, there are greet- ings, back slapping, kidding, more or less confusion, at the height of which Mr. Carper remarks and repeats for em- phasis in order to get the subject across to the audience.

Mr. Carper : Well, I see that Dick Carson has graduated at Princeton with high honors and has decided to throwaway his life as a missionary in

1929J METHODS FOR WORKERS

China, Timbuctoo or some unheard of of foreign nations and our country is place, trying to Christianize the na- always in trouble by threats of war tives. on their account.

(The members seat themselves Mr. Thatcher: All right, we have around the table.) just heard from one of our domestic heathen and "a peace at any price" Mr. Balyeat: The poor fish, he cer- exhorter. Now then, if there be other tainly cannot have much regard for uninformed knockers against foreign his parents who have slaved and sac- missions within the sound of my voice, rificed and almost broken their backs let 'em speak now or forever after to put him through school. hold their peace. Come on in boys, the water is fine. Right here you Mr. Carper: Well, the odd thing fellows will learn a lot. Fire and fall about it is, his folk approve. back. Shoot!

Mr. Bonnewitz: How do people get Mr. McGirr: The converts are not that way anyhow. I don't understand genuine. it, all the Chinks, Japs and African Niggers in the world ain't worth the Mr. Thatcher: Not altogether true. little finger of a fine American chap In the Boxer uprising in China it is like Dick. of record that 6,200 Chinese Chris- tians remained true to their faith and Mr. Purmort: Oh, I don't know 1,500 converts were killed. boys, I guess you birds had better get wise to this missionary stuff before Mr. Balyeat: I repeat that missionyou knock it too hard. Dick has not aries are trouble makers for the govyet been boiled in a big soup kettle. ernment. The cannibals haven't eaten him yet. Mr. Thatcher: Listen to the facts. Mr. Berger: Speaking of soup ket- Ex-President Taft denounced this tles, when do we eat. criticism as unfounded. Hon. John Barret, Minister to Siam, said that Mr. Balyeat: I'll say he runs a 150 missionaries gave him less trouble mighty good chance of becoming an in five years than 15 merchants did Irish stew, or Hungarian goulash and in five months. he will not be the first fool missionary to meet that fate. Mr. Berger: Suffering Mike! Ain't we ever goin' to eat? Mr. Purmort: You said a mouthful then, old scout, and Dick would be Mr. McGirr: Christianity does its only one of thousands who have of- converts more harm than good. fered their lives for Christ, and of others who have sacrificed their ca- Mr. Purmort: Nothing to that. reers, banished themselves for life in Consult the records. Christianity heathen countries, undergone hard- makes him a better man. He has a ships and privation, suffered and died superior faith, a better morality, to the end that Christ, their Master thrift and integrity. In the Jap-Russ might be exalted and His cross lifted War the Japanese Government emup that aU the people of all the world ployed none but native Christian inmight see and receive its blessing. terpreters, because they were honest. A governor of a province in Siam Mr. Jones: Say mister that lingo testified, whenever a Christian misof yours sounds fine but it is ail sionary settles, he brings good to the bunk; it don't get us a thing. We people. In China recently the cusare wasting our efforts and throwing todian of a large bridge building fund was intrusted to Christians only, beaway our money on foreign missions. cause the subscribers said, "the Chris- Mr. Brooks: Atta boy! I agree, I tians could be trusted not to steal it."

am for Home Missions. We ought to Mr. Poling: But I still think, "Charkeep our money at home for our do- ity begins at home." mestic heathen. Mr. Thatcher: Let us consult the Mr. Balyeat: Exactly right, old top, old dope sheet on that point. Listen! and besides these foreign missionaries are a set of meddlers in the affairs 5

In New York City alone there are American business man should sup- 3,800 religious and philanthropic port the foreign missionary.

agencies. In the United States there A forgotten missionary carried the are 207,734 Protestant churches or Gospel to Peru, and brought the use one for every 427 of the non-Catholic of quinine for the sick. A humble population. How about it abroad? missionary, Schneider, learned of the Africa has one missionary for each naval orange that in a single year 24,000 population; Japan one for netted our commerce $36,000,000. Our each 52,000; India one for each 62,- giant rubber industry is the by-prod- 000; China one for each 65,000. There uct of the work of a missionary with are over 160,000,000 people untouched the South American Indians. Where- by missionary influences. Figures ever the message of the Gospel goes, don't lie, but liars continue to figure. there is a rich reward. The Premier I am quoting facts and an important of Finance in Great Britain says that fact is that the people who do not as a matter of investment, the gov- contribute to foreign missions seldom ernment could take over the financing give anything to home missions. of the whole missionary enterprise Mr. Jones: I insist missions don't with profit.

get us anything. Where do we come Mr. Berger: Good night, I'm starv- in? It is all "payout" and nothing ing; haven't eaten since breakfast.

coming in. Quit chewing the rag and let us all Mr. Thatcher: That is a good money eat.

grabber's question. One of the kind Mr. Thatcher: Say Berger, you are who never sees good in anything un- one of the kind who thinks of noth- less there is a dollar in it. Mission- ing but eating and sleeping and busi- aries raise the standard of life for ness.

the natives and the result is that they Mr. Carper: We had better make buy goods from America and Europe. every American a Christian before we Thirty years ago a bag of American waste any money on foreign people.

flour could not be bought in all China. Mr. Purmort: Does a commercial Recently there was in Peking a pile house wait to sell every person in one of American flour 30 feet high, 100 town before they send their salesmen feet deep and a quarter of a mile to the next?

long. Thirty years ago in China, to Mr. Giffin: I think you are only get a can of coal oil it must be ordered pampering the people by pouring mon- from San Francisco or Chicago. Now ey into churches and schools and hos- Standard Oil is the "light of Asia." pitals. Why don't the people do Missionaries took sewing machines to something for themselves.

China and it is now one of the largest Mr. Thatcher: Wrong again. Every markets in the world for the Singer. time we give $2.00 to missions the Mr. Purmort: Recently one Ameri- native Christians give more than one.

can steamship delivered 27 Baldwin So $2.00 becomes more than three.

locomotives to China. Every mission- That's God's kind of arithmetic.

ary is, in effect though not in inten- Mr. Jones: They have their own tion, an unsalaried drummer that helps religions. They had them before the to open up the larger markets of the New Testament was written, before world for the output of American mills Christ was born. Why go and try and factories. The industries of to convert them to our faith? Their America could well afford to pay twice own has served them for thousands the cost of all missionary enterprises of years. Let them alone.

in foreign lands. This trade which Mr. Carper: Did you know the follows the flag which follows our Standard Oil Company has millions of missionaries is only a by-product of dollars invested in the business of sell- missions and not the real thing. But ing China kerosene for lamps, and for business reasons alone, every thousands of men converting the Chi-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

nese to the use of kerosene lamps? and preach the Gospel to every crea- Why? Well, it is not because they ture." Shall we answer Him: "No have no lamps. They have lamps it is not convenient? How much monmade of an earthen bowl and bean ey will I have left if I obey Him 1" oil with a wick of pith. Makes your "I have bought a piece of ground, five eyes ache to look at 'em. They had yoke of oxen, married a wife, it isn't 'em long before, thousands of years convenient to have Him call me to before John D. was born. But kero- this other thing." sene is much better. So John D. has sent his missionaries to convert them. Mr. Bonnewitz: Well boys, I guess If you believe in Christ as hard as we didn't have all the ammunition John D. does in Standard Oil, you when we began the shouting. would be in the light business for Jesus Christ. He said, "I am the Mr. Purmort: I wonder whether light of the world." you fellows know how far behind the women we men are on the interna- Mr. Berger: For the love of Mike, tional stuff. Why, my wife knows let's eat! more geography and history and world politics in a minute than I do all day. Mr. Brooks (Leans back, and says You see they have mission study sympathetically): Well, I once felt classes and meetings every month and as you did, at least I thought it wasn't they read THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF up to me. I had so many demands THE WORLD and other magazines. on my money. Then I heard a man We'd better wake up or we can't keep from China talk, and one story stuck up the "superior sex" bluff much to me. Said that over there he saw longer. a man fall into the river near a fisher's barge. The fishermen saw him Mr. Thatcher: Yes, and I'll put but no one did anything. They had down a dollar on it that not one of a fine net, strong hooks-just the thing you howlers against missions ever to drag the man to safety. He shouted read a book about the work in your to them, "Save that drowning man." lives (Here enthuse over one). And They called, "It's not convenient, can't if we ever caught you to hear a misyou see we're fishing." He shouted sionary speaker, we had to bait the again, "I'll pay you for your time. hook with a dinner before we could Throw the net." They answered, haul you in. How many of you birds "What'll you give 1" "Five dollars." know that our church has an official "Too little." "I'll give you all I've magazine 1 Did you ever read it 1 got. Throw that net at once." "How No! if you had, you wouldn't have much have you got." "I don't know gone off halfcocked the way you did exactly. About $14.00." Then at today. Might try readin' your Bible last, even then slowly, they paddled too. Something about missions there. over and let down the net. In less than a minute they brought up the Mr. Berger: For the last time, beman. Then they were clamoring and fore I die, When do we eat? angry while the missionary tried to resuscitate the man before paying Mr. Jones: Say fellows, tnese are them. Say, I was mad to think of knockdown arguments Clyde and those fishermen. It was just as if Thatch are putting across. It is getthey had murdered that man when ting uncomfortably warm here, don't they could have saved him and didn't. you think it is time to go in to lunch? They aren't worth sending mission- When I make up my mind, I like to aries to, I was thinking, and then stick to it, right or wrong. I hate I heard what the speaker was saying, like blue blazes to do it, but in this "Is it worse, fellow Christians, to neg- case I feel that the only manly thing lect to save the body, or to neglect to do is to follow the course of Brooks to save the soul?" Jesus says, "Go and Poling and own up that I must be dead wrong about foreign missions, that I did not know what I was talk- ing about. I wonder if nine-tenths

of the opposition to foreign missions the first convert to give in, is a famous is not due to the same cause as mine, Boy Scout specialist and expert. that is, downright, dense, unmitigated, uncalled for ignorance. I am sorry to admit it, but the cost connected with foreign missions has And come to think of it, the Legion made it hard for me to give in. Why, leader of the heroes who faced the Mr. Frantz is liable to preach one of horrors of France and Flanders, his two-edged sermons one of these Charlie Poling, is not very consistent days that will make you feel like turnwhen he ridicules Dick Carson for lay- ing your pocketbook inside out. When ing down his life for a principle. you need some money for foreign mis- sions, count me in. Some things I heard before today, and that I tried to forget, keep crowd- (A dinner bell is rung off stage.) ing into my mind. One is that "the Mr. Balyeat: There goes the lunch light that shines farthest, shines bell! Let's go. brightest nearer home." Our confab (All join in singing) : here today confirms the statement. Clyde and Thatch are the champions "Old Bill Jones ain't what he uster be of the foreign mission cause, and if Ain't what he uster be you want any home enterprise or drive Ain't what he uster be to be sure to win, the town will insist that they take the lead. And Brooks, Old Bill Jones, he ain't what he uster be Many long years ago."

CURTAIN PERSONALS FRANCIS P. MILLER has been called to DR. WARREN K. STRATHMAN-THOMAS, succeed Dr. John R. Mott as chairman twenty-eight-year-old research pharmaof the Executive Committee of the cologist at the University of Wisconsin, World's Student Christian Federation. and DR. CLEMENT C. CHESTERMAN, one Mr. Miller is at present Administrative of the secretaries of the London Royal Secretary of the Geneva office of the Society of Tropical Medicine, have gone Federation and is expected to accept to the Belgian Congo to find a cure for this appointment. Previous to the war sleeping sickness. Dr. A. B. Loevenhart, he served for three years as secretary professor of pharmacy at Wisconsin, for Y. M. C. A. work in preparatory characterizes the work of the men as schools and immediately following the war he became one of the Secretaries of . .. .. "equivalent to discovery of a continent." the Student Movement in the United States, and later as one of the secre- REV. L. K. WILLIAMS, pastor of Olivet taries of the English Student Movement. Baptist Church (Colored), Chicago, was awarded a prize by the Harmon Foun- * * '" dation of New York. The awards, ad- ministered by the Commission on Race DEAN WILLIAM HUNG, of Yen Ching Relations of the Federal Council, recog- University, Peking, is lecturing at Har- nize "achievement which is of national vard University, having been selected as significance and which measures favorthe ablest Chinese to explain Chinese ably with the best that has been done in culture ~ American students. Mr. Hung the particular field by any race or nais the son of a Chinese scholar of Shan- tionality." tung. He was educated at the Anglo- Chinese College, Foochow, and Ohio *** Wesleyan, Union Seminary, and Columbia. DR. HOWARD GUINNESS, a graduate in medicine of London and Cambridge, a *** son of Dr. Harry Guinness, and a grand- son of Dr. H. Grattan Guinness, founders DR. GEORGE U. WENNER, who came to of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union, New York from Yale in 1865, is still and the Congo Balolo Mission, is comserving as a Lutheran pastor in "The ing to Canada as a representative of the ~as House District," Nineteenth Street Cambridge Christian Union. He will be and First Avenue. He has officiated at available for some months to address 7,949 baptisms, 4,576 weddings, and groups of students, large or small, 3,291 funerals. He has confirmed 2,140 throughout the Dominion. Address: catechumens. He is the refutation and Care Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Chrisrebuke to all the charges recklessly fiung tian Union, 366 Bay Street, Toronto. at the Protestant ministry.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York MRS. G. W. COLEMAN Mas. F. S. BENNETT Mns. JOHN FERGOSON MRS. ORRIN R. JODD President, 1.908-1915 P resident, 1916-1923 Honorary President, President, 1924-1928 'I'reasurer, 1920-1928 President, 1929· 1929- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS om"ers Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Method- Honorary Pres·ident–Mrs. George W. ist Episcopal. Coleman. Mrs. J. W. Downs, Methodist Episco- President–Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Northern pal, South. Baptist. Mrs. C. S. Kidd, Methodist Protestant. Vice-Pre8ident-at-Large – Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Congregational. Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, Presbyterian in the U. S. V ice-President.- Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor, Presby- Baptist. terian in the U. S. A. Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian. Miss Mary Campbell, Disciples of Mrs. Taber Knox, Reformed in Ameri- Christ. ca. Miss Grace Lindley, Episcopal. Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical. Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren. Mrs. George C. Rewwer, Evangelical Synod. Miss Lillian Robertson, United Pres- Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends. byterian. Mrs. Christine S. Smith, African Meth- odist Episcopal. Miss Jean MacGregor, Presbyterian, Mrs. Carrie T. Burritt, Free Method- Eastern Division, Canada. ist. Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Presbyterian, Western Division, Canada. Mrs. James Harrison, United, Canada. Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W.

Lentz, Reformed in the U. S. Treasurer-Mrs. Raymond B. Fenner, Lutheran.

MRS. F. W. "VILCOX MISS H. M. BRICKMAN MISS F. E. QUINLAN Mas. R . B. FENNER Vice-Pl'esident-at-Large Director, Indian Work Executive Secretary Treasurer 389

On Execntive Committee GRADUATE STUDY FOR THE Members-at-Large RURAL PASTOR Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. That the farmer and his family are Miss Amelia D. Kemp. facing most serious problems at this Mrs. Millard L. Robinson. time need no longer be argued. We Miss Ruth B. Rule. need higher motives, broader contacts, Miss Daisy June Trout. larger vision, more efficient plans and institutions in country life in order to Committees and Chairmen make life more satisfying to the largest industrial group in America. STANDING To bring this about we must have a leadership trained to lead rural folk Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. in the solution of their problems. The Chautauqua-Mrs. John Ferguson. rural pastor stands out in the com- International Relations – Mrs. D. E. munity as the most respected and often the most influential citizen. He Waid. has an opportunity for unselfish Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Sem- leadership enjoyed by few men, which position offers the key to the solution ple. of the great country life problem. In Migrant Work-Mrs. Kenneth D. Miller. order to render this effective leader- Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. ship the rural pastor must not only know his people, but he must know the JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES problems with which they must struggle daily on the farm and in With Home Missions Couneil their homes. He must be familiar with modern farmer movements and Joint Administrative-Dr. Carroll M. the agencies which can help the Davis. farmer.

Indian Work~Dr. Frank A. Smith. Educational institutions in several City and New Americans-Dr. Charles states were prevailed upon to establish interdenominational summer schools H. Sears. for rural pastors, with a curriculum which will offer our country ministers With Missionary Education Movement the preparation necessary for their great opportunity. Joint Committee on Home Mission Lit- erature-Miss E. Jessie Ogg. The committee promoting these schools is made up of the country life With Federation of Woman's Boards of specialists of the various denomina- Foreign Missions tional boards constituent to the Home Missions CounciL Last year the Coun- Conferences and Schools of Missions- cil sponsored eleven summer schools, Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. which were attended by about 1,000 men and women. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough. The universities and state agricul- SPECIAL tural colleges are giving splendid co- operation. They are placing fine By-Laws-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. buildings and equipment at our serv- Finance-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. ice. They are furnishing their pro- Literature-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. fessors for lectures on important Nominating-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. rural life subjects, vitally connected Leadership Training-Miss Ann Eliza- with the country church, and in other ways are rendering within their con- beth Taylor. stitutional limits, a very unusual and With Home Missions Council Cornity and Five Year Program of Sur- vey and Adjustment-Dr. Hermann N. Morse.

North American Home Missions Con- gress-Dr. Charles L. White.

Executives Executive Secretary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan.

Director, Religious Work for Indian Schools-Miss Helen M. Brickman.

Secreta1'y for Migrant Work–Miss Laura H. Parker (until May 15). Miss Edith E. Lowry (after May 15).

TVestern Supervisor, Mig1'ant W ork- Miss Adela J. Ballard.

Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

valuable service. There ought to be rural church problems, are given free 2,000 men and women in these schools play in the operation of the course. during the summer of 1929. The benefits derived from this co- operative experience are invaluable. Every rural pastor needs them. Not because he is not the equal of his All the approved schools, as listed city brother-in many cases he is the page 392, will be in session for no less than two weeks or ten working days. superior – but because these schools A few will be conducted for three are specialized conferences on one of weeks. Specialists will conduct the the most difficult and important phases courses, thus offering always the best of modern church work. Here men experience in the particular subject engaged in the same kind of work, offered. All the approved schools have with common problems and similar agreed to accept the suggested fourneeds, meet for two weeks to think to- year course of study as outlined below gether about the best ways and means as the basis upon which to arrange of accomplishing their common task. their curriculum, thus making the They are in a certain sense trade schools more uniform in character and schools where the best methods and service. Three or four sessions of the programs are studied under the school are necessary to cover the enleadership of the greatest specialists tire suggested course, but the arrangeour Protestant churches can find. ment is not rigid. Students can at- Every man slirving in a rural church tend a single session without any emshould, if possible, attend one of these barrassment. schools. The expenses are nominal, consist- Every rural church ought to co- ing only of board and room while at operate in promoting these schools by the school. Rooms are usually promaking it possible for the pastor to vided at three dollars per week and attend. In many cases the pastor of meals can be secured at very low rates. the rural church cannot afford to go The schools are financed by the colat his own expense. His salary is leges themselves. Study the list of small and there are heavy demands schools, make your selection and lay made upon his meager resources. your plans to attend one of the schools this year. What better investment can a congregation make than to pay the way of Suggested 4-Y ear Course of Study its pastor to a summer school of this kind and take care of the supply of 1. Rural Sociology: General Rural Sohis pulpit during his absence. ciology. Social Psychology. Sur- veys and Community Organization These schools, organized especially -Program and Methods. for the convenience of country pastors, have arranged their curriculum 2. Rural Economic8 and Education: and instruction so as to meet the most Rural Economics. Farmer Moveintimate problems of any and all who ments and Cooperative Marketing. shall attend. Pastors are given an op- Agencies with which to cooperate. portunity to state their local difficul- General Education-Home and Comties and the group, under the guidance munity. of the instructor and with the help of his advice, attempts to analyze and 3. The Rural Church: Conditions and prescribe for the problem at issue. Problems. Organization, Program The lecture method is frequently used and Methods. Pastoral Visitation but is frequently interspersed with -the project method. Interchurch questions, reports of assigned read- relations. ings and general discussion. The members of each group represent 4. Message, Preparation and Church many denominations and varied types Program: Message Content. Reof experience. These factors, 80 im- ligious Education. Worship-Evan~ portant in the adequate solution of gelism. Training, Preparation and Delivery of Sermons; Teacher Training; Leadership Training; Preparing for Rural Ministry.

5. Recreation-jor Home and Commu- nity: Play and Games. Drama,

Pageantry, Music. Boys' and Girls' BoulderJ Colorado-June 19·27. Work. A well-balanced community )"1rs. Henry F. Hoffman. 741 Adams St., recreation program. Denver, Colo.

6. Services of Agricultural Extension: 3 Chnutauqu",. Nf'w Ym'k-August 11·16. By lectures, tours of buildings, Mrs. John Ferguson, Room 1007, 1123 campus, farms, experimental plots, Broadway, New York, N. Y. demonstrations, literature, etc. 2 a7wutnurr.ua, New York-August 1~-23. For further information address directors of Mrs. 'Ym. A. Mont,g-omery, 144 Dartmouth the respective schools. (See list below) St., Rochester, N. Y.

DallaB, Trma.8-September 30·0ctohpr 4. Mrs. G{'orge A. Brewer, 4301 Edmondson, Dallas, Texas.

Schools for Rural Pastors 'Dalla8, Tema8 (Nellro)-September SO·October 4. Recommended by Home Missions Council Mrs. C. R. Buswell. 1719 Allen St.• Dallas, 1. Vanderbilt Rural Church School-April 1 Texas. to 12. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., Prof. C. C. Haun, Director. De l.Jand~ FZorida-Fehruary 3-.R, 1929. Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 East New York Ave., 2. California Ministers' Summer Institute— De Land, Florida. May. Paclftc School of Religion, Berk· ley. Calif.. Dr. E. W. Blakeman, DI· Houston, Texas-(Date not Yf't decided.) rector. Mrs. M. G. Stell, 2716 Rosrdale Ave., Hous- ton, Texas. 3. New Englaud Summer School for Town and Country Pastors-June 10 to 21. 1 Kerrvillp-. Team~-At1gust 21·2R. ~Irs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas. ~:cl~~~ ~~:~.~O~~l. ~mbn.arliac~;~~~ llH88ouri-lHinoiR (G-rf'cnviUe.. TIl.)-(No School Sterling, Mass., Director. ' of Missions in 1921:),) 4. School of Community Leadership-June 10 Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Web· to 20. Kansas Agricultural College, ster Groves, Mo. Ni~~~t~t;.ap, Kan., Prof. WaIter Burr, Lake Geneva.. Wisconsin-July l-R. 5. School for Rural Pastors-June 17 to 28. Mrs. J. A. LeaB, 8781 Clifton Ave., Chicago, State College of Washington. Pullman, Ill. Wash., Dr. A. A. Cleveland, Director. Minne.ota (.'lfinneapoliR-St. Paul)-June 2-7. 6. Wisconsin Rural Leadership Summer ~Irs. A. W. Goldsmlth, 944 Ashland Ave., School-July 1 to 12. University of St. Paul, Minn. Wisconsin, MadIson, Wis., Dr. J. B. Kolb, Director. ACt. Hermon. OaU!arnia–.July 6-18. Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Way, 7. Auburn Summer School at Theology-July San Francisco, Calif.

1 to 18. Auburn Theological Seminary, Mountain Lflke Park, Maryland-July 31· Auburn, N. Y. Dr. H. L. Reed, Dirf'rtor. August 6. 8. Indiana Rural Pastors' School-July 15 to Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New 27. Purdue University. Lafayette, In- York, N. Y. diana, Dr. O. F. Hall, Direetor. New Orleans.. IJDuis1ana-NovembrT 4-R 9. Summer School for Rural Pastors-.Tuly Mrs. J. R. Kendall, 1224 Octavia St.• New 15 to 27. Michigan Agricultural Col· Orleans, La. lege, East Lansing, Mich., ·Dr. Eben Mumford, Director. 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Eaat NorthfieZd)- 10. Estes Park Pastors' Fellowship SchoCl'l- .Tuly 5-12. July 15 to 31. Estes Park Association ~Irs. Frf'lon Eugene Bolster, Portchester, of the Y. M. C. A., Estes Park, Colo. New York. Dr. Warren H. Wilson. 156 Fifth Ave., New York City, Director. • Northfield, Ma8aachu8cfts-July 12-20. Mrs. Seabury ~rastick, Pleasantville. N. y, 11. Summer School for Town and Country Ministers-July 22 to August 8. Cor· Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.–Septembel' (Date nell University. Ithaca, N. Y., Prof. R. not yet deci<led.) A. Felton, Director. Mrs. C. O. Cole, 208 West 22d St., Okla- 12. Summer Rcbool for Rurnl Pastors-Rept. homa City, Okla, 2 to 13. B~ngor Thf'olo~ical Rpminary, Bangor, MaIlle, Dr. W. J. Moulton, Di· St. Peter8Durg. Florida-February 2-7. 1no. rector. Miss B. Loulse Woodford, 980 23d AYe., St. Petersburg, Fla. 13. Summ('r School for 'Ministers and Church Workers (Coiorcdl-June 17 to 2~. ,ro::onthrf"n California ([,OB Angclc.~)-'!.Iay 20- Fisk University. Nashville, Tenn. Ad· dress "The Executive Secretary." 24. Mrs. C. E. Rif'lHlrds, 1211 :Magnolia Av('" Los Angeles, Calif.

lll'nrrcn. Ohio—Ortoher 15·16. Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., Wnrrpn, Ohio.

CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF W'Uson College, Chambersburg, Pcn.1l811li,anir, MISSIONS -June 27-July 4. AfflltRtf'd with Ff'npration of Woman's BoarilR MIss Murtha Hartman. 233 South 44th St., ~)f For{'i~n lfi~sinns and Couut'il of Wompll for Home Missions. Dates and Chairmen. West Philadelphia, Pa.

1 BaUinWI'f, 1IIal'yland-O('tobf'r 30-31. llTijlDtHz, J,(lke, eIn. d iana-.T IlI IIPn'.2!,2-2~0.. 1~~mwHn1 Mrs. Peter Ainslee, Ten tIills, Baltimnrf', Hnntel Md. J..trs. I~liu Bethesda, Ohio-.July 15-19. A ve., Oak Park, Il1. Miss 3tIary I. Scott, 310 r.romlinSOIl Ave., Moundsville. W. Va. 1 Affiliat~d with the }l"'('u('ration. 2 Foreign only. Affiliated ,vitlI FI:-'dpl'ation. 3 Home only. Conducted by the Council, "Affiliated with the Council. I> Home only. Affiliated with the Council.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York YOUTH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS* Christian world. Thanks to the rise of a social gospel, the truth has dawned By STANLEY HIGH, New York of the paganisms in our own civiliza- tion. The argument that results from Editor of the Christian Herald these two facts runs about like this: For the first time in its history The non-Christian world is not much foreign missions has ceased to be a worse off than we are. The non-Chrisyouth movement. The significance tian's facilities for making his world of this fact involves the vitality of better are almost as good as ours. Therethe entire missionary undertaking. fore, we will best serve others by leav- ing them alone to mend their ways, When I was in college, a short de- while we get busy to mend ours. cade ago, it was customary to measure the depth of a student's faith in terms Thus, here at home foreign missions of his willingness to go to the foreign has ceased to be a youth movement. mission field. That was a conventional standard of consecration appraisal. But this fact is not only apparent And almost every Christian student, at home. It is equally apparent abroad. at some time or other, faced that call. The youthful missionary is put in his It was inescapable. Christian youth proper place. That place, very often, thought in foreign missions terms. is one where, in matters of funda- mental importance, he is asked not to Such a situation does not prevail cooperate but to keep quiet. Young today. Foreign missions is no longer men who, like William Carey, rise up the great adventure on the horizons with an inspired idea are told, as of Christian young people. That is William Carey was told, "sit down not, I believe, because youth are less young man." ….. . adventurous or less Christian. For world peace and better race relation- A good many young folks, for exships they stand ready-in significant ample, observed what happened last numbers-to speak out and to act sac- year in China. The amazing thing rificially. But foreign missions, as to them was not that the missionaries youth sees the enterprise, has lost its were withdrawn, but that, when the hold upon their aspirations. time for return came, the oldest mis- sionaries were hurried back to salvage According to the report of a Y. M. the status quo and the younger mis- C. A. Secretary in one of the most sionaries-many of them-were adpopulous states in the Union, the un- vised to settle here. dergraduates of this state in 1921 gave nearly $300,000 to foreign mis- Doubtless, these young missionaries sion enterprises. During the academic who were left high and dry recognized year 1927-1928 they gave $30,000. the arguments of experience and sen- The reports of the Student Volunteer iority back of such a policy. But Movement indicate that there is a they knew also that the new order of marked decline in the number of stu- things in China was a youth-led order. dents who volunteer for foreign serv- They knew that every significant naice. Not only are numbers lacking, tionalist movement from Capetown to quality also if; lacking. Shanghai was a youth-led movement. They realized that the greatest prob- The conviction has grown up that lem confronting Christianity was and there's not much wrong with the is that of adjusting its organization world anyway – especially the non- to the new day that these young peo- pie have ushered in. They were curi- "'li:s1~n:dg~~~~r~~~~~rt~2'l!~ the Detroit Foreign 393

ous to inquire, therefore, whether that Youth doesn't know much. Thank adjustment could not more surely have God. It's a fine thing that there are been guaranteed had youth had a some who can set a goal for themselves larger leadership in the missionary and have no better sense-no more enterprise. Because youth is at the facts and experience-than to believe business of remaking the nations to- they can reach it. There is, for exday the missionary enterprise dare ample, the question of a united Protnot cease to be a youth movement. estantism on the mission field. The The God that will be served in to- facts and experience are against it. morrow's world will be of youth's Youth, unencumbered with either, bechoosing. To Christian youth there lieves that it can be accomplished. must be entrusted a larger share of There is the question of inter-racial the responsibility to present the claims relationships-in the homes of the of the God that Christ revealed. missionaries let us say. Facts and experience are against too many ges- Now, it needs to be pointed out that tures of equality. Youth spared the foreign missions, from the outset, has knowledge of all that has happened found its most vital expression before, believes that equality can be through the leadership of youth. That, attempted. There is the question of to me, is one of the most striking the gunboats. Facts and experience facts about the whole enterprise. The are against any drastic dissociation story of William Carey is duplicated from these expressions of western imat every stage of missionary progress. perialism. Youth, knowing no better, At Williamstown five young men be- believe that they can be dispensed gan our foreign missionary enterprise with, to the glory of God and the in North America. They had no facts progress of Christ's Gospel. The misand no experience. They were sionary enterprise needs youth because equipped only with the enthusiasm of youth can dare to refuse to be bound, youth and with the fiaming message unchangeably, to the past and can beof Jesus burning in their hearts. And lieve unreservedly in the future. all the doubts and hesitancies of vested ecclesiasticism couldn't stop them. If the missionary enterprise needs youth, how can youth be re-enlisted? Now, youth is still required for the I have no panacea-only several sugrevitalizing of foreign missions. This gestions. is true, in part, because of the kind of a world to which the missionary In the first place they might be goes out to work. It is a world of gathered in greater numbers in conflux. Men and women, particularly ferences. You have been depressed young men and young women, are about the reactions of young people groping. They are not sure how they toward the enterprise. Well, it seems wish to make the future. They are logical that youth might have someonly sure that it must be vastly dif- thing to say on the subject. Why ferent from the past. Old economic not try them. standards, old social systems, old religious beliefs are being thrown into If youth is to be reenlisted we need the crucible. Those who speak for to demonstrate, all over again, that Christianity in such a laboratory must foreign missions is a prophetic movebe prepared to submit their faith to ment. I mean by that, prophetic in the same process; must be willing to terms of today's problems as in the see old forms and old structures torn past it was prophetic for the past's apart; must be ready to stand by the problems. The striking fact about vital elements of Christianity without foreign missions in the past is that too much concern for the forms that it was courageous and outspoken, are found to express it. And for that prophetic if you please, in terms of service youth has peculiar qualifica- the current world. Youth likes to be tions. ahead of the times and associated with movements that are. Just now there

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

is a wide-spread question as to wheth- tate. We need to reexamine the roots er missions are ahead of the times. of our faith; and the fruits of our own experience and to stand forth, There are three fields in which it as other generations stood forth, nevoccurs to me the missionary movement er doubting that there is no other might raise the voice of prophecy. name given under heaven whereby men are being saved. Once we are 1. In regard to church unity. Youth sure ourselves our certainty will comhas scant reverence for the contem- municate itself to these young people. porary significance of denominationalism. This is particularly the case Finally, youth may be rewon when in regard to the foreign field. And we see to it that this indispensable it is not an adequate answer to read Gospel has a more adequate chance the long and cumbersome roll of the here at home. The world today lives various cooperating agencies. Youth in embarrassingly close quarters. wouldn't understand them. Who does? Everyone knows a lot about everybody We will begin again to win the heart else. The result is often disconcerting. of youth when we make it plain that It is no longer possible for white church unity is a major purpose of Christians to profess things on the our program of world evangelism; highways of the world that they do that denominationally we are prepared not practice back home. Folks know to decrease in order that Christianity the gulf that very often yawns bemay increase. tween the things we publicly profess and those that we privately practice. 2. Prophecy is needed in the realm of social relationships. The question A Christian community, outspoken young people raise relative to missions on the war issue, is doing a missionis not how many have been baptized, ary job. The proper Christian influbut how many baptized individuals ence in our industrial situations at have been made to live and to act home is as good missionary work as like Christians. a year of intensive evangelism on the field. Young people must be convinced 3. Prophecy is needed in the realm that we are not advocating for the of international contacts. I believe world a Gospel that we are afraid to that the missionary enterprise repre- attempt in the United States. Youth sents the one uniformly unselfish con- will be reenlisted when they are certact between white and non-white peo- tain that our fight is against heathples. Take away the missionary and enism-wherever it shows itself; that you remove the only real evidence we are out to destroy unrighteousness available to the non-white world to in- and that we recognize no national or dicate that Christianity has not sold racial lines for our consecration to out to Mammonism. But this fact that task. needs translation into policies that cut all connections with imperialism. I believe that foreign missions must rewin youth and that youth can be In these three particulars there is rewon. The enterprise, if its vitality ample room for forerunning; there is to be restored, must be restored is ample field for prophetic-if em- with the spirit of youth; there must barrassing – pronouncements; there be injected into our purposes the fire is an opportunity to reenlist young of prophecy; into our hearts a new people. experience of the certainty of our faith; and into our program a com- In the second place, to rewin youth prehensiveness that knows only the we need to offer new proof that the distinctions between righteousness foreign missions Gospel is still indis- and unrighteousness and between men pensable to the world's salvation. and societies that are pagan and men and societies in which the spirit of As Christians we are too easily Christ has found supremacy. stampeded from the bulwarks of our faith. The young people of today hesitate about accepting our claims for our faith because they see us hesi-

AMERICA tunity to attend religious

The Methodist and Presbyterian Foreign-Language Seriptures churches formed a federation under the name of the Eldorado County Fed- T HE American Bible Society is co- erated Church. Although the work is operating with the Bureau of Ref- organized as one parish with one proerence for Migrating People of the gram of activities there are two pas- Home Missions Council and Council of tors, one a Methodist and the other a Women for Home Missions in provid- Presbyterian. A recent report indiing for the distribution of diglot for- cates that six places outside of Placereign language scriptures to foreign- ville are now regularly served with speaking newcomers. This will serve occasional services in other communithe minister, or church worker who ties. The people have responded to has received the name of an immi- this type of program with increased grant foreign-speaking family from financial support.. the Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, as a spiritual introduction. Pioneer Hardships Today Diglot scriptures are in two languages, English and a foreign language, both "ADISTRICT Superintendent in appearing on one page. For instance, Central Tennessee does not drift diglot "Fatti Degli Apostoli" is the "Acts of the Apostles" in Italian and toward heaven on palatial airships," English, the right-hand column of the writes the Rev. E. M. Nunally, Dispage giving the English, and the left- trict Superintendent of the Baxter hand column the Italian, verse for District, Central Tennessee Conferverse. ence. Last Thanksgiving he started out through the mud and drove thir- The gift of a diglot copy of the teen miles until he could go no further scriptures which can be read in the on account of a muddy hill. He and newcomers' own language may serve the local pastor left the car and to reawaken interest in the Book of walked to the bank of Cainey Fork books, help them to connect with a River. He says: "We found no boat church in the new home, exert an in- or canoe. We had no road. Had' to fluence for good, and acquaint them walk through muddy cornfields, climb with the English language. back on the hill and descend over a rocky cliff and wade through mud The Bible Society has supplied the caused by a recent tide until we came Bureau with special request blanks at last to the river bank where we for the use of ministers to whom the were carried across in a canoe. Then name of a foreign-speaking family is we had to walk nearly two miles to the sent. This enables the minister to for- church through mud. The business ward a request for a particular diglot, session of the first Quarterly Conferdirect to the branch agency of the ence fixed the pastor's salary at $350. American Bible Society nearest him. They had paid the pastor this quarter The Result of a Survey DOR seventy-four years Methodists $13. However, we visited two old widows, enjoyed a good dinner (no .£' and Presbyterians worked side by turkey), visited a home where a baby was sick, but where a four-year-old side in Placerville, California. A sur- girl ran to us and threw her arms vey of the county showed that about half of the people in it had no oppor- 396

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

around our necks. We also visited an- our old missionaries say (a man who other family whose little girl had lacked only one of having enough headed off in the muddy road to invite scalps to make him a chief when the us to her home. We held a prayer Spirit of the Lord laid hold upon service in one home. After all we him) : felt that we had enjoyed a good Thanksgiving." You know when we used to fight our enemies, we neither ate, slept nor rested Education for the Negro till we conquered them. Can't we do as much now for our Lord?" COLLEGES for Negroes in the U. S. have more than doubled in The Gospeb In Navajo number, and enrollment has increased six times in the past ten years. In T HE Rev. Fred G. Mitchell, of the spite of this gain, there is urgent need Presbyterian Mission in Ganado, of more and better education. For ex- Arizona, preached the first fourteen ample, there is but one Negro physi- years of his ministry to the Navajos cian to each 3,343 of Negro popula- without a single convert. He now betion in America. Negro theological lieves that within five years the whole seminaries are turning out annually tribe can be reached with the Gospel, less than ten graduates to fill 19,000 and the apparently quickening intervacant pulpits. It is encouraging that est of these Indian shepherds wherethe Negroes themselves are striving ever the native evangelists and to better this situation, having estab- community workers go support Mr. lished sixteen colleges and univer- Mitchell's belief. His twenty or more sities, which they own, manage and in years on the reservation and a coma large measure finance. plete knowledge of the language pe- culiarly fit him for the task for which Nez Perces Missionaries he has asked a year's leave of absence to devote himself more exclusively to THE United Presbyterian Church, the building up of evangelistic outsta- in its mission in Idaho, has for tions and to the translating of Gospels forty years been training Indians of and gospel hymns. Mr. Mitchell is the Nez Perces tribe for Christian a pioneer in this latter work, and one service. Miss M. M. Crawford writes of the committee of four which has of their work: "The Nez Perces are already reduced the Navajo language greatly concerned for the salvation of to a writing and translated in whole their red brethren. They have gone or in part twelve books of the Bible.- from tribe to tribe in parties, paying Presbyterian Magazine. their own expenses and sometimes traveling as much as 800 miles each The MOrDlons Today way, to reach others with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. For ten years they T HE United States Bureau of the have been reaching an average of six Census in its recent report of "The tribes each year. Our Nez Perces Latter Day Saints" in America states gladly help missionaries of any evan- that this sect, founded by Joseph gelical faith, and missionaries among Smith in 1830 at Fayette, Seneca many tribes are calling for them. The County, New York, has now 1,867 Indian can reach his own people as no churches with 606,561 members. Of one else can. He knows the Indian this number 592 churches and 64,367 background, the temptations of the are members of the "Reorganized Indian heart. He knows, too, how to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day condemn the old sins; and you may Saints." One-fifth of the members be very sure the Nez Perces are not are under thirteen years of age. The afraid to strike at any sin of their old expenditures of both branches of the heathenism …. I once heard one of church in 1926 amounted to $3,095,- 895 and the pupils in Sunday-schools numbered 209,593.

The growth of these churches from gation have stopped in to speak to 1906 to 1916 showed an 80% increase him whenever there was the chance but from 1916 to 1926 it was .only and in this way he has felt as one of 20%. The annual expenditures, how- us.

ever, between 1916 and 1926 increased "Jim had been in the community for from $949,104 to $3,095,895 or over a number of years and none of the two hundred per cent I Of the income Christian bodies had ever thought of reported $463,749, or about one-fifth, him in spite of the fact that they were was for missions and benevolences. all doing work in China. It quite The Mormons of the larger Utah startled them when he was confirmed 1"

branch report churches in forty-five states, the largest number of. organi- LATIN AMERICA zations being: Utah (544), Idaho Two Black Republics (270), Arizona (58), California (48) and Wyoming (45). Foreign mission- THE island of Haiti, where Chrisary work is conducted by them in topher Columbus landed on one of Great Britain and Ireland, all the his voyages to America, contains two countries of Northern Europe, Tur- distinct republics: the Republic of key, South Africa, Mexico,. South Haiti, known as the "Black Republic," America, Australia, New Zealand and and the Dominican Republic, occupythe Island,! of the Pacific. They re- ing the eastern end of the island. Beport 1,045 missionaries with 6,735 na- cause of a difference in complexion tive helpers, 469 mission churches and there is considerable race feeling be- 53,089 communicants. tween the two countries on the island and, owing to the fact that communi- Foreign Missions at Home cation between them has not been JIM LUM is "just the ordinary good, there has not been a large inter- Chinaman who has a laundry in so change of population. Now roads are many places," an Episcopal rector being built, and the demand for labor writes. "He did my laundry and I in the Dominican Republic is bringing was struck by the thought that we large numbers of Negro Haitians to spend so much money in trying to that country. Among these Haitians help the Chinese in his own country there is a widespread Protestant moveand do not bother about him at all ment and hundreds of these Protestant when he is at our very doors, often- or potentially Protestant people are times very lonely and isolated. now in the Dominican Republic, and they are beginning to call upon mis- "Jim could speak little English, but sionaries there for help. The strong could understand it better than he race prejudice between the two peocould talk it, so I would stop and talk ples makes it impossible to take the to him. He had a good moral reputa- Haitians into the Dominican halls, and tion and was easily interested in com- so missionaries face the dilemma of ing to the services which he learned refusing to minister to these Haitians to enjoy and appreciate. I approached now living in Dominican territory, or him on the subject of his uniting him- of attempting a task altogether too self with the church and tried to make large for their present resources.- clear to him what it would all mean. World Neighbors.

"He was the first Chinese who had been presented for confirmation. This was about two years ago and Jim has Bibles in Mexico B been one of our most faithful com- IBLE Institutes are becoming an integral part of Mexican church municants ever since. He has con- tributed regularly each year more activity, and are of real value to col- than he promised, to both sides of the porteurs who gather annually for duplex envelope, and is always anxious study and prayer. The American Bi- to give. The members of the congre- ble Society in Mexico, established fifty

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

years ago, has had a memorable year, Sunday-schools, in literary output, in having distributed 47,507 copies, and evangelistic work among the aborig- 1,652,850 volumes in its fifty years' inal Indians, in theological education, history. The appointment of a Mexi- in movements of social reform and in can as agency secretary is a forecast other ways the Committee on Cooperaof the day when all this work will be tion has been able to promote construcin the hands of Mexicans themselves. tive work. There is also cooperative work with the Church in other lands. A New Indian Mission Today, school children of Brazil cor- respond with school children in Portu- T HE Indian Mission Committee of guese Africa and Japan. A letter America was formed in 1921 for from the Transvaal missions anthe purpose of taking the Gospel to nounces the liberation of an exiled bethe neglected Indians of Latin Ameri- liever in India, a case in which our ca speaking only their own language intervention had been asked. It was or dialect. Dr. Thomas C. Moffett was this committee that made it possible Chairman and Mr. Dinwiddie, General to intervene with the authorities in Secretary. Last Spring Dr. Moffett Japan in favor of liberty of conscience resigned from the Indian work, of of their emigrants to Brazil. which he had had charge for about twenty-one years, under the Presby- The Earthquake and the Gospel terian Board of National Missions and as a result the Executive Committee T HE earthquake did not touch us, was called together and the Indian Mis- but it did touch the conscience of sion of America was organized with some who were badly scared-es- Mr. W. B. Coleman as Chairman, Dr. pecially one old sinner in Concepcion, Moffett, Secretary, Mr. Legters, Field who has been attending our Gospel Secretary, and Mr. Harvey Borton as hall. He immediately married the Treasurer. Dr. Moffett is now on an poor dear soul with whom he has been extended trip to Central America in Jiving for years-a thing I have not order to have first-hand information been able to persuade him to do herethat he may be better able to present tofore. But the earthquake did! We the needs in the United States. The have small shocks here every two Lord has already raised up a Maya weeks or so!. ….. Indian, fully equipped with college and seminary training, who is ready to go In all her history I do not think the among his own people. His support officia~ doors in Chile have ever been has been supplied, and Mr. Legters so open to the Gospel as now. For is leaving on the 24th to make the instance, the other day the governfinal arrangements for starting this ment granted me written permission new work among the Mayas, of whom to preach the Gospel in every jail and there are 227,000.-Report of the penitentiary in the country. One of Pioneer Mission Agency. the secretaries of the Department of Justice, and later the chief of the Revival in Brazil Prison Department, in granting the permiso, said that we are doing just AREVIVAL of interest in religion what they want to have done! To has been noted in Brazil in recent have tbem express such sentiments in years and both Roman Catholic and an official position in a Roman Cath- Protestant churches are attended by olic country is a bit surprising. increasing numbers. The Protestant churches realize that the time calls We have just finished in Concepcion for cooperation among the various de- a fine Bible campaign in the big exnominations if advantage is to be posicion in Concepcion. Last year, we taken of the opportunity for construc- saw the opportunity at a similar fair tive work. and promised the Lord, if He would give us the chance, we would put a In religious education through the stall of His Word in the next big

exposition. Therefore, when the no- sionary interest by an effort to expand tices began to appear about the ex- the interest of other Christians in posicion rtacional, I wrote to a good mISSIOns. A group of students, se- friend in Santiago, and he telegraphed lected for the campaign, made careful that he would come and help. I im- preparation under competent leader- mediately took a stall contract and ship and then went forth in small then the fun began! Help came to us groups to preach in the churches, and from all parts-Valparaiso, Santiago, to deliver addresses in schools and to and Argentine. Tracts, Gospels, Bi- other gatherings.-The Indian Wit- bles and various exhibits began to ness.

pour and we sold or gave out over 50,000 tracts and Scripture portions. The United C,hurch in Scotland Among the sales were Hebrew, Arabic, ,tFTER long negotiation the Church Yiddish, German, English and Arau- f t of Scotland, (Presbyterian) and cano (the main Indian tribe here) the United Free Church, are coming besides those in the principle language, together. The negotiations for union Castellano. Many of the highest have been carried forward with paclasses were reached with the Gospel tience and careful consideration of messages at the open-air meetings in those who hesitated over the proposal to give up their historic identity. The front of the stall every night. One afternoon the admiral and the promise is that this union will be comandante of Chile's big battleship effected without any serious loss, but stepped up and held a few moments' a practically unanimous action in both conversation with us. Before they Churches. Legislation was secured left, they invited us to speak again through the British Parliament which at the fleets' winter quarters in Co- removed the old objections of the Free quimbo.-Wm. M. Strong, Concepcion. Church, and made it impossible for the State to interfere with the inter- EUROPE nal affairs of the Church.

Mlasionary Interest in Universities One small group in the United Free BRITISH Universities, notably Ox- Church voted against accepting the ford and Cambridge, appear to basis of union, and at the meeting of be experiencing a distinct revival in the General Assembly last May threat- the missionary interests of their stu- ened to carryon as a "Continuing dents. The postwar pessimistic reac- United Free Church." Later reports, tion against idealistic activities has however, show that the large majority seemingly subsided and is about to be of this small minority will be satisfied succeeded by a reassertion of faith in, to have their protest recorded and will and devotion to, organized movements not become parties to another ecclesi- for the glory of God and the service astical "split."

of mankind. The meetings of the two General Groups of students meet to pray Assemblies this year will be events for the advancement of the Church of tremendous interest. It will be the throughout the world and particularly last time these two bodies will sit as in regions where special difficulties separate and more or less rival or- are being encountered. ganizations on opposite sides of High A group of Oxford students spent Street, Edinburgh. Already American their long vacation in missionary work Churches are designating special dele- in South Africa. We read of a mis- gates to these meetings when the af- sionary campaign in five Deaneries in fairs of the Church of Scotland and England in which students from Ox- the United Free Church, as separate ford, Cambridge, King's College, Lon- ecclesiastical bodies, will be closed up.

don and the C. M. S. Woman's In October or November a special Training College, participated. These meeting will consummate the union.

students sought to exercise their mis- There will remain a few small bodies

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of the Presbyterian order which will Union is representative of five be independent of this national Pres- Churches and includes both home and byterian Church, such as the "Wee foreign missions (in the East and Frees." This union should give Scot- West Indies), medical missions and land a great Church, which will be missions to Jews. The total member- able to multiply its activities. ship of the affiliated groups is over four hundred and fifty. A scheme for Polish Reformation a Home Preparation Union has been T HE ProteBtantiBche RundBchau de- adopted and applications have already scribes a new reformation among been received from candidates for the Poles. The National Church in Bible study. The organizing secre- Poland has now fifteen parishes and tary is Miss A. E. Adriani, formerly a hundred thousand adherents. a missionary in Java. Miss Adriani recognized the need for organizing the The first synod of the church was many isolated groups and circles of held in Warsaw last June, there being women in Holland who were interested two hundred and fifty present, among in and working for missions and this them two bishops and three laymen unified group will u n d 0 u b ted I y from America. Plans were made for strengthen the women's side of misthe establishment of a theological sionary work in the Netherlands by seminary and the statement was issued making known the need for women that the National Church of Poland to fill posts on the field, by encouragwished to live on good terms with all ing offers of service and directing Christians who based their teaching courses of preparation. In America on the Gospel. All members of the and in Great Britain similar organizachurch are equal, the women having tions of women have been a prelude church franchise. to the full cooperation of men and women in missionary organizations. If the two Polish Reformed Catholic churches unite it will mean an im- portant secession from Rome, for the Communism in Norwa.y Mariavites number 100,000 with 4 I N THE labor parade last year in bishops, 30 priests, 500 sisters, and Stockholm a twelve-year-old boy 200 lay-brothers. They possess 68 carried a banner on which was inparishes, 7 convents, 80 parish schools, scribed, with a picture of a Bible 12 orphanages, and 60 workshops for burning, the words, "Away with Christ children, an old people's home in every from the schools." The Vice-Chairparish, and a great number of agri- man of the labor party in Norway, cultural and industrial enterprises Professor Edward Bull, has recently which support the clergy, the sisters, said: "We of the workers' party will the charities, and schools. The clergy fight dogmatic beliefs both in church have no fixed salaries. The institu- and state; also the Christian teaching tional- developments of this reformed of non-resistance and humility and its Catholic church are evidence of its bondage to the letter. We will secularvitality. In renouncing Rome they ize the schools, the hospitals and care also have renounced spirits and tobac- of the sick, burials, marriages, and the co. They are evangelical, but with registration of births. Weare the ircertain erratic interpretations.-Sun- reconcilable enemies of the dominant day School Times. Lutheranism as of all the other stupe- fying sects. Our church policy is one Holland Women Unite of attack."

ON JANUARY 18TH, delegates At the last general congress of the from thirty different Protestant Lutheran Church held in Hamburg, missionary circles united to form the Dr. Schabert of Riga spoke of the Vrouwen – Zendingsbund (Women's ecclesia crucis ("called-out ones of the Missionary Union) of Holland. The cross"). He has been twice impris- 6

oned by the Bolshevists, once banished manpower out of the villages. Old to Siberia, once sentenced to death, tribal relations are breaking down. escaping as by miracle before execu- Thirty thousand Negroes now live in tion. The Baltic Christians were the native quarter of Leopoldville. crowded into cells in which one could They come from all parts of the Connot stand upright. The coarse and go and are subject to the fierce temptyrannical conduct of the guards, tations and powerful influences of the weighed like one of the Alps on Chris- city. tian prisoners. Those who were sent to execution had to dig their own French, as a common language, is graves on cold win t e r nights. being pushed by the government. A Churches were defiled. Yet in spite course of study for the schools, inof all, the spirit of love exhibited it- cluding French, is proposed and beself. People shared with each other fore many years may be required of and with the prisoners. Among the mission schools. A restlessness, a thousands executed were thirty-six yearning to see other places, a shift- Lutheran pastors. – ERNEST GORDON, ing of population, a desire for instrucin The S. S. Times. tion, is manifested everywhere.

AFRICA A great colonial empire has come into being in the Congo. The same Contra.ts in Africa challenge is found also in other states -Cameroons, Liberia. DR. AR'FHUR C. BALDWIN gives this picture of the Africa of to- The Protestant missionary forces day: must get together and comprehend the challenge. Rome sees it. Three thou- The changing order in Central Af- sand white-robed priests, Jesuits, Rerica presents a challenge to Protes- demptors, etc., are working without tant Christianity. scruple to overcome Protestant influ- ences and possess the land.-Missions. The old Africa, land of mystery and isolation, has passed. Civilized imple- God Is Able, We Are Able ments have opened the interior. Commerce is threading its rivers and THE Sudan Interior Mission, with forests. Where Stanley took 999 days which is united the Abyssinian to come down the river Congo, travel- Frontiers Mission, has as its letterers today can go from the east to west head motto: coast in two weeks. Huge steamers carrying 1,000 passengers are on the God is Able river. Its vast tributaries are mapped 2 Cor. 9: 8 and visited by regular lines. We Are Well Able Num. 13: 30 The narrow-gauge railroad from Matadi to Leopoldville is being rebuilt Not to mention the associated mison a better roadbed with a broader sion which has been noted in previous gauge. The traffic of all Congo pours issues, we emphasize here the work down through this neck of the bottle. of the older mission, now in its twen- Automobiles are seen by the hundreds ty-seventh year, which has received up the river. A highway for auto most of its support and force from trucks now connects Thysville and Canada. Its December circular letter Elisabethville, 2,000 miles away, to gives good reason for thankfulness. the great copper mines. For three years in succession it has made nearly a twenty-five per cent in- Infant industries, cotton mills, etc., crease annually in the missionary are springing up. In Leopoldville a force. Three new stations have been cotton mill is now being erected, and established in the French Sudan and it is reported that 500 Belgian girls in Nigeria. And the union with the will be brought down to work in it. Abyssinian Frontiers Mission is an- The demand for labor is drawing the other cause of encouragement and thanksgiving. But when one reads of

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their own task, the need of enabling Keeping her in the dark, he first tried is manifest. The Moslem provinces to scare her into obedience to her facing them in Northern Nigeria have mother by his gruesome conjuring, in- five million people unreached except cantations and magic, calculated to very slightly. The great areas west- raise the hair of a warrior. Not sucward from its two stations in the ceeding, he scourged her and then French Sudan, with large pagan tied her up by her feet to a branch tribes, are unentered still. These that the new religion might percolate needs above the normal one for ex- downward and flow out of her mouth. pansion in their older stations and the This also failing, he gave her an obreplacement of losses all call for an noxious medicine that almost killed able and energizing God. If the spirit her. of its present staff is continued in the nearly forty acceptable candidates who Then, giving the child up as incorhave offered themselves, and more rigible, her mother determined on a than half of whom are supposedly on last resort, kill-or-cure remedy. Drivtheir way, a bit of darkest Africa will ing her away from the school into the see the sunrise of a new life. forest she bound her little daughter to a tree with bark ropes stripped from New Center in the Congo a sapling, and left her there as food for lions. The dreaded black night ANEW station has been opened in enveloped the child in the dreary Af- the Congo, under the Southern rican forest. Darkness came on and Presbyterian Board. It is called Lu- the fearsome noises of the forest; but bondai, is 180 miles southeast of Luebo the angel of the Lord encamped about and 20 miles from a station of the her, for when a Christian found her Ba-Congo Katanga Railway, recently the next morning, he saw lion tracks completed. A splendid motor highway within six feet of her. She had seen connects the mission with the railroad. their glaring eyes as moving balls of It is also on the air mail route from fire, but remembered what she had Luebo to Elisabethville. The mission learned in school, that God had made boasts a large number of adobe build- the lions and her too, and so fear left ings, dispensary, chapel, classrooms her; she felt so sure God would not and residences, but as yet only one let them eat her up. permanent structure, the Pattie M. Sleeper Memorial Church. Ice in Africa Within the short history of the sta- I T IS said that Africa is a continent tion forty young men have decided to of contrasts. Nowhere is this enter the Gospel ministry, twelve of manifested better than in the making whom have sufficient training to enter of ice practically on the Equator. The the Morrison Bible School of Mutoto. ice machine at Central Hospital at Elat, West Africa, has been a source "X.ions and the Lion-Hearted" of amazement to the natives, to whom this is the queerest of all the white FROM the Luanza Mission, Belgian man's medicines. To the sick it has Congo, comes this tale of a believ- been a source of comfort and healing. ing African girl, about nine or ten From the wife of a government official years of age. This daughter of a heath- to several of our own missionaries, ice en mother, had become acquainted with has brought relief when other the missionaries and longed to attend agencies failed. Buried in saw-dust, their girls' school; but her mother it was even taken to another station, forbade her doing so, lest the native fifty miles away, for use in a case of teacher's religion should exert its un- severe illness. When not needed for canny power to change lives. So the therapeutic purposes, ice has given mother turned her over to the witch missionaries an unexpected taste of doctor, "to put fear upon her," which home. On Saturday afternoons the he proceeded to do in this fashion.

missionary children at their school change makes it much easier for new home scramble for the privilege of missionaries to learn the language. "lickin' the dasher." It is fun to see It is also far easier for Turkish chilthe look of bewildered astonishment dren to learn. There is some grumon the black cook's face as he is first bling about the compulsory change, initiated into the mysterious rite of mainly on religious grounds, since, by making ice-cream. "Just like a white forbidding the teaching of the Arabic man," he thinks, "to waste good salt characters, the coming generation will by letting it melt away"-and hastens be prevented from reading the Koran. to catch the icy salt water, which he The Government, while frankly nonboils down patiently until he is re- religious, does not seem to be planning warded by the salt crystalized in the its measures against the Koran, but bottom of the pan. The soiled color this measure is one of the many to of it bothers him not at all as he takes bring Turkey up with Europe. The it to his smiling wife who carefully Government does not care what may preserves it to use in her cooking. be the effect on the religious life of "There is then," thinks she, "some- the people." thing gained from the mad whims of the white people."-The Drum CatL Mount of Olives Bible School WESTERN ASIA T HANKS to a devoted Christian woman of wealth, a site for a Bible In Saint John's Isle study center for the use of Bible students and church workers of all T HE Isle of Patmos, off the coast denominations and nationalities, has of Asia Minor, supports 250 been secured on the Mount of Olives churches. A visitor, whether he be facing Jerusalem. The land has been Jew or Greek, Catholic, Protestant or given to the Travel Institute of Bible agnostic, is received with cordiality Research and is the first plot to be at the monastery. For three days he owned there by a Protestant Organizamay remain and pay nothing for food tion. It is near the traditional site of nor the use of the library, the most Christ's weeping over Jerusalem, interesting feature of the place. A above the Garden of Gethsemane and rich collection of parchment manu- only a few minutes walk eastward scripts includes a fragment compris- from the Brook Kidron. The building the major part of St. Mark's Gos- ings will be erected and study bepel, and a seventh century Book of gun as soon as the funds are raised Job, written on vellum. for the purpose. As the land and the Book and the Man are so intimately Opportunities in Turkey related, it ought to be the most help- ful Bible School in the world, if its AMISSIONARY conference in regulations are dominated by the spir- Adana in January brought to- it of the late Conference upon the gether delegates from all mission sta- Mount of Olives.-Sunday School tions in Turkey. Rev. Charles T. Riggs Times. writes: "Opportunities for service seem to be increasing almost every- Pioneer Evangelism in Iraq where in spite of restrictions as to religious instruction to children under OF THE work of Rev. and Mrs. eighteen. There is a great eagerness Albert G. Edwards in Hillah, the to read, and a wide-open door for good new station of the United Mission in literature. The Bible societies are Mesopotamia, another member of that finding an increased demand for their mission says: "By courage, friendliproducts. But the greatest interest ness and steadfastness they have made now is in learning the newly-adopted their place in the community." Mr. alphabet, and thousands who never Edwards himself writes: "We have tried to learn Arabic are making good made almost daily visits in the bazaar, progress with the Latin letters. The

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in the coffee houses, in the various by a neck incision and the patient offices, or in the homes of the various was at last relieved.

ecclesiastics. In these visits about the city, a good many thousand tracts Oentral Asia'. Ohallenge T have been distributed, all of which HIS part of the world contains Afghanistan, Russian Turkestan, present, more or less fully, the gospel message. Sitting in the coffee houses, Chinese Turkestan, Tibet and Mon- we have often had the opportunity of golia. Centuries ago the Gospel was reading the Bible to quite attentive proclaimed in some of these fields, groups, and the literature we have mainly by Nestorians, but it did not given out is often read to other groups take permanent root. Dr. Kilgour of scattered about. In the last few weeks the British and Foreign Bible Society we have received a few more calls at rightly attributes this lack of per- our house than earlier in the year, manency to the fact that the mission- but we find that on the whole to reach aries did not take to these races the the Arabs in Hillah we have to go Scriptures in their own tongue. They out to where they congregate ….. . had a fine translation of the New Tes- There is a general interest and a wear- tament in Syriac and to the Tibetans ing down of fanaticism, but there has and even the Japanese they taught been aroused opposition in some quar- Syriac, but nothing was done for the ters, especially in Najaf, opposition native tongues. A secondary reason which has been expressed by the print- mentioned by him and by other schol- ing of very blasphemous books against arly resident missionaries is the fact us, our books, and our Saviour." that the Nestorians compromised and mingled Christian truths with Central Persian Aeroplane and Missions Asian mythologies or half truths, as DR. BLAIR of Teheran tells this one sees in the oldest of their monu- story, which is here abbreviated. ments still standing in Rsi-an Fu, A prominent citizen of Tabriz hap- Shensi. Yet of many of these mid- pened to swallow his false teeth while Asians what Mrs. Burroughs said is taking his soup. The partial plate true, that, as in Little Tibet which she followed the soup only to a point be- represents, there is far more concern low and behind the larynx and there about religion in Central Asia than remained fast. For two days he·was in Europe where the lives of the peo- able to swallow fluids but then the ple are dominated by the ever present inflammation prevented all eating and fear of demons and evil spirits. With drinking. All the Tabriz doctors tried the few beacon lights in a territory to relieve him, but lacking special in- about 3,000 miles in breadth there is struments were unable to afford re- abundant reason for the Central Asia lief. A brother in Teheran, who is Prayer Fellowship with its London a member of Parliament, consulted a headquarters.

prominent Persian specialist, and he urged that he be brought to Teheran INDIA AND SIAM at once. The brother chartered an A Oritical Year T aeroplane and sent for the sufferer,RIS is evidently going to be a crit- ical year in India. The movement the distance between the two cities over mountain ranges being 350 miles, for political independence is receiving which by ordinary conveyances would the support of the younger men. The have required fifteen days. The plane recent National Congress, however, de- left Tabriz about noon and was at cided by a majority of votes for Do- Teheran by sunset. The leading Per- millIOn Status in the meantime.

sian surgeon, and the English surgeon Mahatma Gandhi threw the weight of refused to risk operating. So he was his influence in the scale against the taken to the American missionary hos- impatient idealists. Dominion Status pital, where the plate was removed thus represents the largest measure

of agreement among the various be open all the week, and have morn- parties. But the demand for it is ing and evening prayer.

coupled with the provision that if in- 3. Islam is a religion of hospitality.

dependence is not granted before the Is Christianity? It is common to hear end of the year civil disobedience will the complaint, "When we were Mos- be resorted to. lems we could go to anybody's house The National Congress was notable for a cup of coffee, but now we are for other reasons. Pandit Motilal Christians we cannot."

Nehru, the President, made the ob- 4. Too great a lack of teaching aft- servation that "religion as practiced er baptism.

today is the greatest separatist force. 5. Christians ignore the Moslem It puts artificial barriers between man virtues, and emphasize their vices.

and man and prevents the development 6. Social difficulty of marriage.

of healthy and cooperative national 7. Temporal needs of the converts life." It is the Pandit's belief that often blind the missionary to their the purdah and other disabilities of spiritual needs, and favoritism in sup- women are a curse and should be plying temporal needs creates jeal- wiped out without delay. The Chair- ousy.

man of the Reception Committee said, Mortality and Morality in Bomba.y in his address: The man pow.er of India must be fully T HE popUlation of Bombay in 1928 developed and equipped with up-to-date was estimated to be over 1,300,000 ideals. The women must be free. The of whom 850,000 were Hindus, 200,000 thousand and one airtight compartments Moslems, 68,000 Christians, 52,000 of the social fabric should be knocked Parsees, 24,000 Jains and 8,000 Jews. down without mercy. What can we ex- Three-fourths of the population are pect from a people with a polygamous illiterate and sixty-six per cent of the habit? A people so pleasure-seeking, so people live in one room (as compared devoid of self-control, cannot show that with 6% in London); out of every self-abnegation which is so very neces- 1,000 births 828 children die in the sary in a soldier of liberty. There should first year! The low moral conditions therefore be a social revolution which are shown by the fact that there are must go hand in hand with political rev- over 1,000 brothels known to carryon olution. We do not believe in the pro- their- trade in the city, employing 20,- gressive realization of freedom. 000 prostitutes. From these brothels -The Record of the United Free Church of Scotland.

Why Converts Slip Back 134 children were rescued and over 500 boys and girls were found to be DR. s. M. ZWEMER, speaking at living lives of vice. A Rescue Home the 8th Annual Conference of the is conducted under the auspices of the Egypt Intermission Council, quoted Vigilance Association.-DnyanQdaya. some interesting statements from a meeting of converts from Islam, held Women's Moral Reforms at Lahore, India, during his recent T HE Eighteenth Biennial Convenvisit there. Reasons were given why tion of the Indian W. C. T. U. met converts were not more numerous and in Delhi last November under the why some slip back. Presidency of Miss M. J. Campbell, wearer of the rarely bestowed Kaisir- Briefly these reasons were as fol- i-Hind medal. Among the resolutions lows: passed by that body are the following: 1. Because the Church of India is Resolved that the National W. C. T. unsympathetic towards the Moslem U. of India, representing nine provinces convert who has lost his old friends and 7,000 members now in session in and is hungry for new friends. Delhi, express their hearty appreciation of the appeal for better laws restricting 2. Converts miss prayers and Zikrs the traffic in strong drink, and pledge in the church. Prayer is not prom- their full cooperation and support. inent enough. The churches should

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Realizing the terrible effects resulting Thus the Word of God was proclaimed from the use of opium (especially by mightily.

giving it to infants) and other narcotic Refo1'll111 for "Untouchables"

drugs, we urge our members to agitate T HE "depressed classes" of Bengal, numbering eleven millions, sent a against the use of the same; and we deputation to the Simon Commission. pledge ourselves as an organization to The deputation drew an appalling pic- ture of the conditions under which cooperate with any effort toward the 25 per cent of the popUlation in Ben- gal live. The "depressed classes" are suppression of the opium traffic. prohibited from taking water from the wells controlled by the District Regretting the evils resulting in low- Boards; they are compelled to sit shoeless at separate benches in the ered moral tone from the use of im- village schools, and are not even al- lowed to enter the public temples for proper pictures, we desire to cooperate worship. As their spokesmen pathet- . ically declared: "Even our gods are with those interested in their purifica- a depressed class, and untouchable."

tion. We urge a strict national censor- Sir John Simon pointed out that ship of all cinema films. the real task was not to reform the social conditions of the Hindus, but Resolved that we, as an organization, to consider the reconstruction of In- dia's Constitution. The retort came, pledge our cooperation with, and our sup- polite but emphatic: "Until we get port of, every action against prostitu- real direct representation on the Coun- cils our conditions cannot be imtion; and that we urge our members proved." to initiate programs and to carryon Pressed to submit definite proposals, personal and cooperative work to elimi- the deputation pleaded for a separate electorate, adult suffrage, and reprenate this evil, and also to procure moral sentation by their own people, who instruction in the schooI.-Indian Stand- are unwilling any longer to depend on ard, Delhi. . nomination by the Government, and are tired of the lip sympathy of other Sundar Singh, and Other Sadhu8 parties and classes, which evaporates whenever the time for practical action A DECADE ago Christians were comes. deeply moved by a truly holy man, Sadhu Sundar Singh, known in North- Head-hunters on the Burmese Frontern India as "the Apostle of the Bleeding Feet." A Hindu by birth, he tier believes that Christ called him to a life of self-sacrificing service. Today T HIS custom of savages is not conhe spends most of his time in the fined to Borneo, eastern Formosa lofty Himalaya mountains, bringing and other remote regions. The Octoto others the message of his Lord and ber issue of China's MiUions contains Master. Hindu Sadhus live in desert an article about work among Chrisplaces, eat simple food, and with long tians in southern Yiin-nan ,on the matted hair, they resemble somewhat Burman frontillr where head-hunters the Nazarites of Christ's day, as did abound. Gruesome as the details are, John the Baptist. The saintly life of the periodical prints them "to stimu- Sundar Singh has made a deep im- late prayer." The reason of the cuspression upon Hindus and Christians tom here is the needs of agriculture. alike. I''fhe heads when secured are hung up For these reasons some Christians have adopted a similar mode of life, some true followers of Sadhu Jesus and some as imperfect Christians, have adopted healing as did the Master. A village boy who had studied in the mission high school of the Lutherans in Guntur, believed that he was called of God to be such a sadhu, and crowds by the thousand came to hear him and to receive healing. Such huge meetings afforded e"ce)lent opportimities to preach the Gospel, and unable to IIleet sO great a demand he as~ed Lutheran teachers flnd pa!3t gr tJ to pr«;)/!!!h at sllCn met)ting~,

in a high bamboo frame, while direct- tion against the marriage of a girl of ly below in a space carefully protected fifteen to a widower of fifty-five. from intruding animals, a large pile of loose earth is placed. After the The whole town was thrown into in- blood and decaying matter has all tense excitement as young men of the dripped down, it is mixed carefully Jain Association picketed the bride- with the loose earth and each family groom's house to guard against viola- in the village or group of villages is tion of the court's order. given a handful to ensure good crops. The families under each headman The Youths' Association produced have to procure a head each spring at 150 affidavits to show the match was planting time, and the families have improper and stated that the girl was to take turns in supplying the heads. being forced into the marriage by her If he (the headman) cannot procure father against her consent and asked a head, the law is that one of his own that she be separated from her parents children has to be killed and sacrificed to prevent undue influence. Orthodox in the same way." The article says Hindus favored the marriage but the that they have never heard of one of youth of India react against it. . those who have become Christians los- ing his life in this way. Ps. xlvii 20 CHINA AND TIBET is quoted, ·"The dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of FaDline Vondit:lons in Vhina cruelty," as being illustrated by this custom. If the British authorities T HE Rev. F. J. Griffith, who is do- concerned would take over this "no ing relief work from Tatungfu, man's land," the district would fall has sent the following account of within the field allotted to our Amer- famine conditions in the province of ican Baptists. Shansi, North China, to The Mis- sion Field, giving a pitiful picture of Moslem,s and Hindus the suffering of the people of that province: MOSLEMS and Hindus in India seem incapable of living in har- In Saratsi yesterday six persons were mony. The Moslems are intense found dead on the street starved and monotheists; the Hindus are fanatical frozen to death. polytheists. At Bombay labor difficulties have arisen. Moslems were at- The poor people are now forced to eat tacked and retaliated. Fighting with food that is not usually given even to rifles, knives and stone-throwing has pigs. Weeds from the fields have been spread to the Moslem and Hindu used for several months, but with the quarters of the city. The police were frost this supply has stopped. unable to cope with the frenzied mob. Many were killed and wounded. Com- The outer husks of millet which had panies of English regiments quelled no use before are being eaten, also bean the rioting. The trouble indicates cake and bark of trees. what will happen to India if the British leave that country entirely to The villages have been largely evacu- itself.-W atchman-E xaminer. ated. Many women and girls have been sold into slavery.

It is estimated that more than 17,000 women and girls have passed through Yen Men Kuan, the main pass into cen- tral Shansi, since the autumn harvest.

In the train yesterday, I heard the re- mark that the only trade in this district at the present time is this "white slave traffic."

One dutiful son carried his mother 200 Ii on his back and was moving away farther south.

Youth and Child Marriage New Mission to the Hak-ka's ADISPATCH from Bombay, March A NEW mission to China has re- 14th, reports that the Association cently been organized, with headof Youth of the Jain Community at quarters at 75 West Street, New York Ahmadabad obtained from District City. It is a mission to evangelize Judge Davis, a European, an injuuc- the neglected Hak-ka people of south-

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east China. They are called "stran- said, "Now, girls, line up two by two, gers," having mig rat e d from and march out of this building singsouthwest China to the Provinces of ing 'Onward, Christian soldiers.''' Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Fukien, Kiang- They did it while the men stood dumbsi and Honan. They still remain founded. She said to the leader quietunique in character, customs and lan- ly "Confucius could never have helped guage, and are hardy, intellectual, us do that."-In Dnyanodaya. brave, highly civilized and receptive toward the Gospel. It is estimated Progress in China that there are over 15,000,000 of them almost wholly untouched by Christian TARIFF autonomy, so long and armissions. The Hak-ka Mission is be- dently Bought, came into oping promoted by an Executive Committee of which Dr. A. C. Gaebelein eration on January 1. How much this is chairman and Colonel G. N. Sanc- will mean practically only the future tuary is treasurer. The Chinese cen- can disclose, but its coming will mean ter of the w 0 r k is Shiuchow, to that extent, "equality and justice" Kwangtung. in international relationships.

The New Chinese Calendar January 1st was also the date set for the completion of the registration ONE of the reformations of the new of schools. There are signs that the government in China is the adop- Government is tending towards a more tion of the solar calendar instead of liberal attitude to religions as such the lunar calendar which has been but neither the government or. the used in China for thousands of years. educational authorities show any The government seems determined to tendency to give up the requirement force the acceptance of its will in this that attendance on religious services matter, and has refused to allow the and instruction in registered schools lunar calendar to be printed. If it is be voluntary. successful in this undertaking it will be an influence in undermining a great Opium addicts are, after March 1st, number of superstitious practices to be classified as criminals and treated based on the reckoning of the lunar accordingly. Facilities are to be procalendar. vided whereby they may break their bonds but after six months the "iron The Power of Christ hand of law will know no mercy" to opium addicts. The Nationalist Opium DR. J. H. RITSON, secretary of the Suppression Committee is made up of British and Foreign Bible Soci- one hundred representatives of variety repeats a remarkable story that ous organizations, and includes in its he heard from Chinese delegates at membership two leading Christian the Jerusalem Council meeting. The members of the National Anti-Opium incident was related by a Chinese Association, Mr. T. H. Li and Rev. lady, head of a girls' school. In the K. T. Chung. Through it the Nationfighting two or three hundred Bol- alist Government aims to throttle shevik troops, mad with lust, broke China's domestic narcotic menace. into the school-poured in like a river. The yearly consumption of opium in They came up to that lady, little, Peking alone is reported as valued at slight, absolutely helpless apparently, $44,000,000, or 30,000 Chinese ounces and they put a bayonet against her per day. breast, and threatened to pierce her. She said, "Wait a bit"; and she gath- Fortune tellers, who have been patered all the girls together, and with ronized by emperors and coolies alike these men standing around dumb- for centuries in China, must now find founded, she raised her hand and said some other occupation according to "Let us pray." She prayed; then she an order issued by the Nanking Gov- ernment. The order is extended to the entire country, but it is not clear whether the order applies also to as-

trologists, who are called upon to de- body is destined to play an important cide lucky days for all important cere- role in Chinese national life. monies, such as weddings and funerals. There are more than 2,200 Chinese young men and women studying in Christian Officiab in China eighty American colleges in fi'fteen states. More than one-fourth are ABOUT half the heads of depart- Christians. Seven hundred and twenftments in the new government of ty-one Chinese Christians are banded China, and one-fourth of the other together in the Chinese Student's officials of the Central administration Christian Association which after are Christians. These Christians hold nineteen years of steady growth, has regular meetings together for prayer now over thirty-five local units. In for the success of their great task of these associations the Christians meet reconstruction. They are subjecting for social fellowships, intellectual ex- Christian schools to no strictor regu- ercise and the cultivation of the spirlations than the schools of other itual life. The association carries on religions, and are showing general many lines of activities designed to friendliness to Christian missionaries, aid Chinese students in their often restoring to them, one by one, the difficult adjustments to American soproperties commandeered for military cial and college life. In addition it and government purposes during the aims to assist worthy but needy stumonths of struggle. Of course they dents who desire to devote their lives have "done things which they ought to Christian work in China.-Chinese not to have done," but they have Recorder. shown so many evidences of real unselfish patriotism and a desire for Rifles and Chaos in Tibet happy international relations, that we certainly should be able to forgive MODERN rifles, smuggled in from certain extreme expressions of that China, India and Russia, are patriotism-and some acerbities of at- helping to create chaos and confusion titude toward those who have seemed in Tibet. Not only does every little disposed to deny them the equality principality now have its army, but which they claim. every large monastery has one, too, and clashes are constantly occurring. The same thing is true, in many For example, the monastery of Kanze ways, of the attitude of the people with 3,000 Lamas, equipped with modgenerally. They are ashamed of the ern rifles, is being besieged by an excesses of recent years, and, thor- army from the principality of Drangu. oughly weary of military dictatorships, are earnestly desirous of peace The Panchen Lama, who, as temamong themselves and with other na- poral ruler of Tibet, ought to be maintions.-Courtney H. Fenn in Women taining order, is a fugitive in and Missions. Manchuria, while the spiritual author- ity of the Dalai Lama is being con- Welfare of Chinese Abroad stantly menaced by the appearance of rival incarnations of Buddha. T HE Welfare Association for Chi- nese Abroad was inaugurated in Why do Tibetans want Western Shanghai on November 11th to pro- rifles, but not the religion of Westmote and protect the interests of Chi- erners? Is it any more inconsistent nese abroad. Among its directors are with his religion for a Lama to use well-known Chinese who represent a rifle, than for a Christian? Contheir constituents in the United States, sidering the terrible burden which Canada, South America, India, Siam, western militarism has been to China, Singapore, Java, Australia and the how do you account for the fact that Philippines. Such a representative one of the earliest products of Prot- estant missions in China, Yung Wing, in his autobiography, boasts of thll

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fact that he introduced gatling guns except Holland, Belgium, and England, into China, and started the first mod- and these nations have overseas pos- ern arsenal? Is the Church doing sessions which afford some relief, anything adequate to undo the harm whereas Japan's overseas possessions, which Western munitions of war are Korea and Formosa, are already well doing in non-Christian lands ?-Mis- occupied, and her immigrants are re- sions. fused a welcome in lands ruled by the white races.

JAPAN AND KOREA To help solve this problem the north- A Japanese View of the Need ern island of Hokkaido is being de- T HE Executive Committee of the veloped. At present the population Board of Directors of the Kumiai of the island is not more than 2,300,- (Japan) Church states that foreign 000, but it may eventually reach 10,- missionaries are still needed in Japan. 000,000. The rapidity of development in some districts is amazing. (1) Because of the great task ahead. The task of the evangelization The C. M. S. started a mission in of Japan is one far beyond our power Hokkaido fifty-four years ago, to evanof accomplishment at present, in view gelize the aboriginal Ainu. Today it of the shortage of our forces. This is confronted with a far bigger task, shortage is emphasized by the duty that of establishing a church that will that devolves upon us of taking the bring the Christian message to new Gospel to great numbers of Koreans, towns and cities. Round each mis- Formosans and Manchurians who are sion station is a potential town or without our borders. village, some of which will become considerable centers of population in (2) For the sake of world prog- the future. The present aim should ress that will come through the open- be to plant the Christian Church in ing of the civilization of the Orient. each new settlement before the Budd- The urgent duty of the present lies hist temple or Shinto shrine is built in the direction of a thoroughgoing there. Christianization of Japanese culture, which is central to the culture of the Work with a Purpose Orient. T OYOHIKO KAGAWA began work (3) Because of the need of a me- eighteen years ago against the dium for continuing friendly relations slums of Japan. Tuberculosis, leprosy, between Japan and America. We be- trachoma and syphilis are the four lieve that the work of bringing about worst diseases under attack, and the peace on earth, no less than that of method has been by public addresses saving individuals, is one of the great and writing fiction about them. Some tasks imposed upon Christianity, and pamphlets containing extracts from that the missionary's opportunity in his novels were distributed in the this present instance is very great. House of Peers two years ago and Over-Population of Japan this led to the Government's appro- priating 20,000,000 yen for a ten year T HE Church Missionary Outlook program to destroy all slums in J a- says that there are few problems pan's large cities.

more urgent to the Japanese states- With the money derived from sales man than those of an evergrowing of his novels Mr. Kagawa gave 5,000 population and an already over-popu- yen to establish a night school for lated country. In 1926 the people of laborers; others have been organized Japan were a million more than the for peasants. He feels it of utmost previous year; in average years the importance that these schools be main- net increase has been from 700,000 to tained on Christian principles. Chris- 800,000. Japan has already more peo- tian Japanese and Americans of Cali- ple to the square mile than any nation fornia contribute $300 a month, and

in the East a group, called Kagawa meet in fifteen separate groups every Cooperators in America, is raising Sunday, except the first Sunday in the $5,000 to enable Kagawa to give half month when they unite in a meeting his time to the nation-wide evangel- for testimony and prayer. istic campaign, instead of raising money for his social and religious In the Union Christian College in centers by incessant writing of books Pyengyang the influence of the revival and articles. Mr. Galen M. Fisher of was felt. The evening meetings for the Institute of Social and Religious students from the various schools Research, is chairman of the Eastern were attended by about 1,000, many group of these cooperators and Mr. of whom became Christians. Others Harry E. Edmonds of International decided on life work for Christ. In House, New York, is treasurer. the midst of the strong impact of non- Christians, of infidelity and material- Ohristian Literature :for Korea ism, where multitudes are not inter- ested in any religion; in the face of T HE Christian Literature Society constantly increasing skepticism, of Korea is seeking to provide caused by reading the papers, magafor the publication and distribution zines and books published throughout of Christian literature in Korea, where the Far East, the students are standing there are now more than 300,000 Prot- firm with strong faith in a sovereign estant Christians, the great majority God and an all-sufficient Saviour and being resident in villages. This union Lord. publishing institution meets the needs of practically all the missions work- Mr. Lee of Shantung, China, one of ing in that land and provides Chris- the missionaries sent by the Korean tian material for Sunday-school General Assembly's Board of Foreign lessons, Bible institute studies, theo- Missions, tells how the Pyengyang relogical seminary textbooks, multitudes vival meetings stirred Chinese Chrisof tracts for the wayside distributor, tians to plan a revival campaign in and a weekly newspaper, The Chris- Shantung. "Chinese evangelists with tian Messenger. Korean authors and enthusiasm got Chinese Christians to translators are contributing to the give time to preaching in organized output of this society. bands. What wonderful grace of God! We preached in fifty-three vil- A Revival in Pyengyang, Korea lages, giving true witness about Jesus, the Saviour. We preached to 15,683 I AST October witnessed a real re- individuals personally, distributed 14,- L vival in North Korea. As a result 000 tracts and sold 4,400 gospels . . . . . We must bring China to Christ. The about 2,000 men and women decided revival has begun. Keep on praying." to accept Christ during the three weeks meetings. The Sunday-school Korean Ohri.tian Student Revival" enrollment increased and the churches made special efforts in caring for the SEVERAL students of Union Chrisnew converts. The Christians were tian College, Pyengyang, Korea stirred with a new zeal in saving (Chosen), during the Christmas vacasouls. tion answered calls to conduct revivals in a number of churches. After pray- On the last day of the revival meet- ing together, they discussed with ings, many young people not only reg- church officers how to make the most istered decisions for life service but successful attack in several large unsome two hundred, mostly students, evangelized communities. They debound themselves together in a league cided to divide into bands of two each. for daily Bible reading, prayer and It was zero weather, snow covered the leading others to Christ. They have ground but the warmth of Christ's grown in numbers until there are love in the hearts of these young colabout four hundred young people who

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lege boys made them willing to go to enter these fields, the influence of Mothe limit of sacrifice in touching the hammedanism, which is spreading cold hearts of Christians and giving rapidly, will soon be such as to form life to the unevangelized in a difficult a most effective barrier to its progsection. ress. Mohammedanism is rapidly dis- placing paganism. This fact surely In three weeks of intensive efforts makes the evangelization of these over 3,000 were personally approached. fields all the more urgent. As Paul Meetings were held every evening at heard the pitiful cry of the man of which more than 400 decided for Macedonia, 'Come over and help us,' Christ. The Christians, having been so may we today hear the cry of the stirred, went out to preach to rela- perishing in Borneo and these islands." tives, neighbors and friends, and to -Report of the Pioneer Mission lead them to the meetings, thus being Agency. themselves greatly revived in leading others to Christ. Evangelist Kim, New Mission in the Philippines full of enthusiasm over what had been accomplished, writes: uNothing short DR. RAPHAEL C. THOMAS, for of a miracle. . . . .. These young men twenty-four years a medical miswere filled with the Holy Spirit ….. . sionary of the American Baptist For- These students brought new life, new eign Mission Society in the Philipstrength to fight the evils, a new vis- pines, has left that Board and, since ion of the Christ, a fresh hope for the March. 1928. has been evangelizing future." the 20,000 students in Manila. He has organized the first Baptist church in ISLANDS OF THE SEA that city, backed by a small group of Baptists who wish to try the simple Unevangelized Millions apostolic method of evangelism. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody of Beverly, Mass., REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, of the Chris- is the chairman of the committee in tian and Missionary Alliance, re- America. and Miss Traver, a graduate cently made a trip of exploration in of the Biblical Seminary, New York, the unreached parts of the South Sea is secretary. Dr. Thomas will con- Islands. We quote from his report: tinue to supervise the work of the new Doane Hall in Iloilo, a great student "Wherever I went, I asked in Eng- center. Patricio Confessor, a gradlish and Chinese, 'Is there anyone uate of Gordon College, is assisting here who knows Jesus? Do you know the new missionary, Mr. Castrodale, anyone who believes on the Lord J e- who has just arrived. Both Mr. and sus Christ?' Often they did not know Mrs. Castrodale are graduates of what I meant; they did not know that Moody Bible Institute. The new misthere was a Lord Jesus Christ." Mr. sion asks for buildings, equipment, a J affray learned that there is no work small hospital and general support.- being done in any of the following Sunday Schoot Times. fields: Religion in Sumatra The east and west coasts of Borneo. The Boeginese people on the coast DR. WARNECK in the Berichte of of the Celebes, and the wild races of the Rhenish Society presents the interior. some interesting facts concerning re- The southwestern coast of Sumatra. ligious conditions on this great island. Smaller islands in the East Indies He reports that the struggle with real and Malay Archipelago. heathenism is due to two great ob- Large parts of the great island of stacles: The first is the tendency to New Guinea. an increasing compromise on the part It is estimated that the unevangel- of weak Christians. This he defines ized population of these islands is between six and seven millions. In closing his report Mr. J affray says: "If the Gospel of Christ does not soon

as a mixture of pagan elements with chairman, and one on Doctrine, Bishop the Christian faith which they pro- W. F. McDowell chairman, to consider fess. The second lies in the fact that these aspects of the subject and re- so far the Christians number barely port to a later session.

one fourth of the whole population. Whatever recommendations the com- There are in all about one million missioners may eventually make, it is Bataks and one fourth of these are evident that this is to be no merely Mohammedans. The rest live in a perfunctory discharge of duty. The very crass heathenism. So there is question of blending these commis- still much to be done, in spite of mass sions is being discussed in earnest by movements and glorious successes, be- strong men, who have the larger re- fore the whole island will be turned ligious interests of the country at to Christ. One splendid feature about heart.-The Christian Advocate.

the real Christians on the island is that they themselves are carrying on COMING EVENTS Christian missions. They have an or- RURAL LIFE SUNDAY .•……… May 5 ganization known as the "Zending UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST CON- Batak," which has its contributors in VENTION, Lancaster, Pa…• May 14-24 . all of the congregations. Last year PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. their contributions amounted to 28,000 ASSEMBLY, Montreat, N. C. May 16-23 gulden (about $11,200). GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, U. S. A., St. Paul, Minn., ……….•…………… May 23-29 MISCELLANEOUS REFORMED CHURCH IN THE U. S. GEN- 'Ehe Oriental Dispersion ERAL SYNOD, Indianapolis, Ind. . ..• •……….•……•…•.. May 22-29 T HERE are about 8,000 students from India, ,Japan, China and Af- NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES, Detroit, Mich. • •.•….• rica in western educational institu- •..•..•••••..•…•••. May 28-June 4 tions. In addition there is a vast tide UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, GENERAL Asof immigrants, estimated at 3,000,000 SEMBLY, Pittsburgh, Pa. May 29-June 4 from India, 9,000,000 from China and 1,000,000 from Japan. These figures REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, GENpresage an outward amalgamation ERAL SYNOD, Holland, Mich•. June 6-12 from a material standpoint. While much has been done by the Student NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION, Den- Christian Movement and other agen- ver, Colo••..••..••.•….. June 14-19 cies, most of the students return not so much allies as enemies of the Chris- ALLIANCE OF REFORMED CHURCHES tian cause. They know that Christianity teaches equality of races in the THROUGHOUT THE WORLD HOLDING sight of God, but they find in the west an evident contempt toward their col- THE PRESBYTERIAN SYSTEM, Boston, Mass…….•……•….. June 19-27 CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN THE CARIBBEAN, Havana, Cuba .June 20-30 WOMEN'S UNION, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Detroit, Mich…. June 25-28 LUTHERAN WORLD CONVENTION, Copen- hagen, Denmark ….•. June 26-July 4 or. The western world had failed to NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, show them the real glory of the Chris- Atlanta, Ga……….. June 28-July 4 tian life.-From an address by the DISCIPLES OF CHRIST CONVENTION, Bishop of Litchfield, at York, England. Seattle, Wash.•…..•••• August 8-14 SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES CON- Presbyterian-Methodist Union VENTION, Milton, Wis••. August 20-25 T HE initial meeting of the Meth- CONTINUATION COMMITTEE, WORLD odist and Presbyterian commis- CONFERENCE ON FAITH AND ORDER, Engadine, Switzerland •..• August 27 sions at Pittsburgh agreed upon a EXECUTIVE AND CONTINUATION COMstatement that complete organic union was desirable and they named two MITTEES, UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN sub-committees, one on Property with CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND WORK, Dr. H. C. Swearingen, of St. Paul, as Eisenbach, Germany •. September 2-9 PRIMITIVE METHODIST CONFERENCE, Pittsburgh, Pa•….• September 11-17

K.S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Are Foreign Missions Done For ~ By fields-in geographical areas and in Robert E. Speer. 16 mo. 152 pp. unreached classes-occupy one chapter Printed for free distribution. Presby- and show how much remains to be terian Board of Foreign Missions. done. Finally he presents the need New York. 1928. and opportunities for a "life invest- ment" that make their appeal to men. Already 25,000 copies of this little The book is not a collection of dry book have been printed and distrib- statistics. It is full of human touches. uted, chiefly among business men. It is one of the ablest presentations for the cause of Foreign Missions that we Copies of this book, while they last, have seen. Its strength consists will be sent free on request. Address chiefly in foul! things: (1) In the concrete facts relating to the enterprise; the Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW (2) The number, variety and standing OF THE WORLD. D. L. P.

of authorities quoted; (3) The un- Foreign Missions Under Fire. By Cor- swerving loyalty to Christ and His nelius H. Patton. 12 mo. 180 pp. standards; (4) The presentation of Paper,60c; Cloth, $1. Boston. 1928.

the case with fairness, fearless logic, It is always easy to find fault, es- force and sustained interest. pecially with work or workers with Every honest open-minded critic whom we are out of sympathy. Many should read this little book to learn even found fault with Jesus Christ the facts, which no one knows better and His program. Many find fault than the author. He lets these facts, with God Himself. Such critics un- and the remarkable array of witness- consciously criticise themselves and es, speak for themselves, and they reveal their ignorance and lack of vi- speak with no uncertain voice in ref- sion.

erence to the missionaries and the Dr. Patton, who has been for many disturbances in China; the influence years in vital touch with Christian of missionaries in India; the achieve- missions and their critics, takes up ments of Christian workers in Africa some concrete modern objections to and the benefits received in Japan. Christian missions and then he pro- The indirect influence is more remark- ceeds to criticise the critics. The book able than the direct. is a popular presentation in the form Dr. Speer takes up specifically the of a dialo~ue or demonstration and contention of some that Christians are is thus well adopted to presentation in not justified in pressing their religion a church. Various men-lawyers, on those of other faiths and shows business men, pastors, student and Christ's need of humanity and human- editor-make their objections and ity's need for Christ and His Gospel. these are answered by well-informed He devotes one chapter to the effi- secretaries and others. One element ciency of Christian missions and its of strength of the book is the number conduct. Then he explains the policy of actual quotations from recent books and program of the foreign mission and magazines, bearing on the sub- enterprise and shows its completeness ject. This little volume will be of and adequacy. The unoccupied especial interest and value to practical 415

business men whose minds are open other pages. It has maps, a bibliogto the influence of facts. raphy and a good index. It is another Dr. Patton, in his discussions, takes up such objections as that missions i1lustration of the splendid work of are futile; that they interfere; that the cost of administration is too high; this Chinese press in Shanghai which that native converts are insincere; that is one of the largest presses in the we have no Christianity to export; that denominational rivalry is killing world. the work; that missionary methods are antiquated, and other criticisms. This is an authoritative volume The answers come not only from the secretary but from such men as E. that will not be superseded for a long Alexander Jowell (traveler and author); Dr. Charles W. Elliot (Ex- time. The tone of the book, on the president of Harvard); Prof. Paul Monro (Columbia University); How- whole, is judicious and fair. The ard W. Taft (Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court) ; events of recent years, as well as those Charles A. Selden (Curtis Publishing Co.); The Governor of Bengal, India; connected with the beginnings of Far Prof. J. F: McFadyen (Queen's College, Toronto); Dr. Thomas Jesse Eastern relations with the western Jones (Director of the Phelps Stokes Foundation) ; Theodore Roosevelt hemisphere, are recorded without bias (former President of the U. S. A.); and, in passing, many voices from non- and with sufficient detail to give the Christian lands. One striking fact is the contrast between the limited reader a clear idea of this history. knowledge and standing of the critics and the intelligence and high positions American thought has too long been of the defenders of missionary work. centered about itself and Europe. Far Eastern International Relations. By Hosea Ballou Morse, LL.D., and Only a small minority of our American Harley Farnsworth MacNair, Ph.D. Pp. XX, 1128. The Commercial Press, people have known or cared about de- Ltd. Shanghai. 1928. velopments in the Far East. The The three volumes of Dr. Morse, on "The International Relations of the study~ of this book will dispel that Chinese Empire," have long been standard reference books but are now ignorance and lay the foundations for out of date. Dr. MacNair has now condensed Dr. Morse's books and has the more detailed study of various asadded a number of chapters, not only bringing the history down to June, pects of the important changes taking 1928, but also enlarging the scope of the work to include the Far East as a place in the relations of the Far East whole. China occupies the. larger part of the book, but the international re- to the rest of the world and of the lations of Japan, Korea, Siam, and Soviet Russia in the Far East are political, social, industrial and cultural briefly recorded. developments in the Far East itself. The book is fully documented. Footnotes are plentiful and valuable, in- Especially interesting are the chapcluding many cross-references to ters on the World War; its effect upon the Far East, Soviet Russia and the Far East, 1917-1925; the Washington Conference and the Far East in 1927.

They present in concise form the out- standing events and give a calm in- terpretation of developments of the past decade that have been reported with partisan glamor or feverish ex- citement. This book is indispensable for the better understanding of the Far East. The missionary who goes to the Far East will need to know the contents in order to understand the questions about which the people in the Far East are very much concerned.

The missionary on furlough who is so constantly asked to explain the daily newspaper reports of Far Eastern events and to give his opinion of the significance and probable outcome of them will be enabled to speak with much more intelligence and authority if he will study carefully this really great book. A. L. WARNSHUIS.

BOOKS

EDUCATION We Believe in Immortality. Sydney Strong. 193 pp. Coward-McCann. IS A New York. 1929. PROFESSION Youth and the World Outlook. For Young People's Classes and Societies. John HARTFORD'S School of Religious Edu- Leslie Lobingier. 12 mo. 64 pp. 35 cation (interdenominational) offers cents. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1929. thorough training to men and women. 230 graduate and undergraduate American Missionary Association-Annual courses available in three schools. At Report. 79 pp. American Missionary least two years college or normal work Association. New York. 1928. for entrance. Degrees B. R. E., M. A., M.R.E., Ph.D. Graduates hold sala-· The Chinese Revolntion, 1926-27: A rec- ried positions. ord of the period of the Communist control as seen from the Nationalist Address Dean Karl R. Stolz, Ph.D., Capital, Hankow. H. Owen Chapman. D.D., Hartford, Connecticut. Map. 328 pp. 128. Constable. Lon- don. 1928. HARTFORD· Some Bigger Issues in China's Problems. Seminary Foundation Julean Arnold. $2.50. Stechert. New York. 1928. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President China's Millions. Anna L. Strong. 413 pp. $4. Coward-McCann. New York. 1928.

India: The New Phase. Sir Stanley Reed and P. R. Cadell. 175 pp. 38. 6d. Allan. London. 1928.

The Untouchables: A Story of Indian Girls. Lt.-Col. M'atilda Hatcher. 141 pp. 28. 6d. Salvationist Pub. and Supplies. London. 1928.

Arabia of the Wahhabis. H. St. John B. Philby. Illus. Map. Plan. 438 pp. 318. 6d. Constable. London. 1928.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1929

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Me Cutcheon~s ~ n FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK I/effI.lSR1t.OIt HOLY LAND SprinJ[ Cruises to the Mediterranean, Pal- estine, Egypt, Europe, sailing February and April, 1929. Personally conducted.

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Alwyn Ball, Jr., American Treasnrer Write for complete itineraries. Norman J. SmIth, American Secretary John Johnson. Russian Secretary Seud all communications and gifts and make all The Wicker Tours checks payable to THE ALL-RUSSIAN RICHMOND, VIRGINIA EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN UNION —-EUROPE– 156 Fifth Avenue Room411M New York City P1ease mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv~rtisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS February, 1929 Pltye FRONTlsrIECE-President Cbiang J{ai-Sht'k and Vice-PresiUent I{'eng Yu-bsiang ……•• 84 A FORWARD LOOKING CONFERENCE IN CHINA ……………. ROWLAND M. CROSS 85 A yUmpsc of the problems and prospects as seen at the recent ,neeting of the National Cltriltti(m Oouncil of China, NEW HOPE FOR CHINA ………………………••……•… GEORGE 1'. B. DAVIS 88 An encouraging report oj the res'ults of the distribu.tion of a million New Testaments in Ohina.

C…. NON W. H: '1'. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO …………………… 8AMUEL M. ZWEMER 91 A pen picture 01 Qne of the most gifted and dC1)oted Ohristian. WOrkfYI'8 among Mo- hmn1Judans oj the Near East.

THE SUPREM~] PERSON AND '[HE SUPRE~m '1'ES'1' …………•. ROBERT A. HUME 97 The story of how a m·i8Simtary' in Iildin for half a century presented the Gospel of Christ to his Indian hearers.

A CRISIS-HOUR IN HISTORY •…•………………………… W. REMFRY Hm'T 104 WIlY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN ………………………. , …… JOH" A. SUBHAN 105 A f1WBt impressive account of the steps that led a Mohammedan in. India to accept Christ us his Lord and Sat,i01tr.

A NEW ERA IN HOME MISSIONS …………………………. CHAUES L. WHITE 114 A cZI'ar~ cOt/eiRe statement aR to the progress in Home ~i1Iissions) and the prescnt Qut· look, by the President of tTiC Horne J/issions Catt-neil.

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THJiJ TEST . _.. WALTER AND MAUDE WILY,IA"" 116 LAYing C'tl'idenCic of the PQWC1r of Christ to trronsjornt and strengthen crude West Ajrlcans.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ANNIVRRSARY ••………………… CHARLES L. STELZLE 125 The outstanding fea,tures oj the recent twentieth anni1'ersary meeting of the Federal OotttlcH of OhtwcheB of Cht'iBt in AmcricaJ its achievements alld its program.

:>IETHODS FOR WORKERS .•…•………… ' …… ,EDITED BY JIbs. F. r. JOHNSON 12~ WO:>IAN"S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 136 WO;;IAN'S HO:IE MISSION BUJ,I,ETIlS' …………. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 139 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………… EDITED BY HARLAN P. BEACH 142 BOOKS WORTH READING . _…….. , …. . 15S TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBERT E. SnEB. President W:r..r. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PIERSON, liIeoretMY WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 20c 11 copy. $2.00 a year, Editorial and Bus;n ••• Office, 156 F;fth Avenue, New York City Eutered as second·cIass matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. SECRETARY W. R. WHEELER of the ARE I Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and Rev. Robert M. Russell of Larch- SAFE, POPULAR, PROFITABLE mont, N. Y., returned in November from West Africa. They traveled more than THEIR VALUE IS NOT INFLUENCED BY 18,000 miles in their five months' tour and addressed more than 30,000 converts in Cameroun.

COUNCILOR RAILTON YUAN is one of Crop Failure three Chinese first to be elected to the Bank Failure position of Councilor of the Municipal Shift in Real Estate Value Council of the International Settlement Stock Market Fluctuation of Shanghai, ranking in every respect Rise or Fall in Commercial Values as equals with the foreign members. He is also a director of the Chinese Y. M. THERE IS NO C. A., Vice-Principal of the Ningpo Methodist College, and holds office in Need for Reinvestment civic and commercial organizations. He Changing of Tenants is an earnest Christian and delights in Necessity for Repairs preaching, whenever he returns to his Need for Improvements Ningpo home. He is a generous supporter of his mission. A missionary For further in/ormation addr",. : friend writes that Councilor Yuan is the W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mission. type of man who makes one glad that one ever came to China to proclaim the I and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Gospel. He is fair and just in his judgments not an extremist, but one who is Church, I70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or conciliatory in hIs dealings with all Morri.W. Ehnel, Trea.urer, Board of Foreign classes of men. MissioD& of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 _II Filth Avenue, New York City. THE REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, D.D., of London, resigned his position of Home SONS OF AFRICA Director of the China Inland Mission in October. He says: "My responsibilities I By G. A. GOLLOCK I in other directions, chiefly in respect of the work to which I believe myself Lively and arresting hiographical primarily called-the ministry of God's sketches of outstanding Negro Afri- Word-have made it impossible to de- cans, including kings and chiefs vote more time or closer thought to ad- back to the 15th century. Nowhere ministrative service to the Mission than have these ageless people heen so I have given. . . . Recently the state of vigorously portrayed. my health, and the urgency of my doctors have made me review my tale of A unique book of vivid work and concentrate my limited powers interest. Decorative upon the.t ministry which is my first cover, head pieces, and responsibility." a map. $1.50 at book. stores. OBITUARIES Missionary Education Movement REV. CHARLES INWOOD, D.D., Home Director of the Ceylon and India Gen- 150 Fifth Avenue New York eral Mission since 1918, died on October 12th at the age of seventy-seven. He began preaching at fourteen years of age. Few men of his generation had exercised so broad and fruitful a ministry as he in Great Britain and in other parts of the world. His influence was most marked, at Keswick and in other meetings for the deepening of the spiritual life. He was also a Director of the Evangelical Union of South America and he made a tour of the Neglected Continent in 1912. What he saw convinced him that the Abbe Dominic spoke the truth of neglected Catholics, that their religion was a "baptized heathenism," while most of the Indians were in an even worse condition.

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PRESIDENT CHIANG KAI-SHEK AND VICE-PHESIDENT FENG YU-HSIAXG OF CHINA

LII, No.2 February

LOOKING FORWARD IN CHINA BY REV. ROWLAND M. CROSS, B.D., Peking, China Mt83iO?ta.f'Y oj the A1nedcan BOllird O. F . .ill! .. 1917- T HE sixth annual meeting of Conference, the findings of which the NaHonal Christian Coun- were discussed, and are being cil of China (October 11-18) printed in both Chinese and Engbrought to Shanghai nearly one lish for the Chinese Church. hundred delegates, from all over China, from Java to Manchuria Under the leadership of Dr. C. and Szechwan to Hongkong.. They Y. Cheng, one group discussed represented a Christian church "The Christian Life and Message and the Central Emphasis of the membership of 300,000 – repre- Church," and called for emphasis senting many branches of the upon retreats and for the right kind of Christian literature. The Protestant Church. Two-thirds of report closed with this special the Council were Chinese and the recommendation: leaders included the General Secretary, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi; the We believe that a limited number Chairman, Dr. David Yui; the of carefully selected visitors from Chairman of the Business Com- abroad should be invited to China for mittee, Dr. T. C. Bau, the Chair- periods of from six months to two man of one of the Commissions; years each to render .specialized serv- Dr. T. T. Lew, Dr. H. H. K'ung, ice; such as, a study of actual con- of Nanking, Dr. Wu-i Fang, the ditions, help in analyzing problems, new head of Ginling College; Dr. evaluation of present methods, guid- Y. C. Yang, president of Soochow ance in research, information regard- University, Mrs. C. C. Chen, Miss ing experience in other countries and Ting Shu-ching, General Secretary giving encouragement and inspiration of the Y. W. C. A. and many to Christians in China.

others. The Chinese Church is Another commission led by Dr.

rapidly becoming indigenous in its T. T. Lew, of Yenching University, leadership. expressed its expectation that the It was distinctly a forward-Iook- leaders of the government would ing conference with evidence of an endeavor to uphold religious lib- eagerness to go ahead on a new erty, promote moral education and program with hope and enthu- eliminate military warfare. The siasm. Church, in addition to its distinctly Eight members of the China religious activities should give spe- group had attended the Jerusalem cial attention to the creation of a 81)

healthy, constructive public opin- recruited in response to requests ion, to the assistance of the govern- of agencies in China that are com- ment in policies of social reform posed of or include Chinese in their and the preparation of men and membership and that request be women for public service. for people with proper spiritual Christians of other nations in qualities and who are especially China and elsewhere were exhorted fitted for specific tasks for which to be of real service to China by persons are sought."

spreading knowledge of the real "Cooperation and Unity," was facts regarding China, by support- the subject of a two-day delibera- ing a fair policy in dealing with tion by Commission IV, H. C. Tsao, China and by practical cooperation leader. They expressed apprecia- in China's reconstruction. tion of the assurance given at The following telegram was sent Jerusalem, that the older churches to President Chiang Kai-shek and do not desire "to impose beliefs the government in Nanking: and practices" upon the younger The nation being now united, the churches nor to bind up the Gosera of political tutelage has begun, pel with fixed ecclesiastical forms reconstruction is under way and the but desire to leave the younger nation is rejoicing …. churches free to express the Gos- We look to the Government to up- pel through their own genius and hold religious liberty, promote moral through forms suitable to their education, reduce military establishments, suppress banditry and work for racial heritage." It expressed permanent peace. thankfulness that the Jerusalem Conference saw the "urgent neces- This humble organization desires sity to eliminate the complexity of with its fellow Christians in the en- the missionary enterprise due to tire country activity to propagate the the great number of denominations religious teaching of universal love and the diversity and even compeaccording to Christ and thereby to try tition of the missionary agencies." to complete the great work started by Dr. Sun, of building a new nation. It urged that consideration be In the work of the coming year we given to the possibility of re- shall devote special effort in support moving hindrances to the mutual of the government in such movements recognition by one church of the as the suppression of opium and pros- members of the other churches and titution, the improvement of family that there be an interchange of life, the amelioration of the conditions delegates at meetings of church of agricultural and industrial workers. bodies.

Dr. Luella Miner was chairman It expressed its gratification at of a third commission on "Leader- the recognition by the Interna- ship." The need for a careful tional Missionary Council that "the study of the whole problem of relation of the Church and mission recruiting and training church should be 'church-centric' and that workers was emphasized. This this conception of foreign missions training should be planned and makes it necessary'to revise the supervised "under conditions sim- functions of the mission, where it ilar to those which will be met in is an administrative agency, so actual service." that the indigenous church will be- A recommendation was made come the center from which the that "hereafter missionaries be whole missionary enterprise of the

LOOKING FORWARD IN CHINA

area will be directed." In coop- "holding" bodies for church properation with the I. M. C. a thor- erty, which a number of the misough scientific study of the whole sions are prepared to lease to the problem of self-support is to be Chinese Church. undertaken. The Council is to be reorganized The council passed important and the delegates next spring are recommendations regarding the Christian program in rural dis- to be elected by the churches and tricts as follows: not by missions. 1. That the Council, in cooperation Dr. T. C. Bau was chosen chairwith other national Christian organizations and church bodies, assist the man of the National Christian College of Agriculture and Forestry Council to succeed Dr. Z. T. Yui, of Nanking University to plan for the whose efficient and devoted service reorganization of the Summer Insti- during six difficult years are highly tute of the University more adequately appreciated. Mr. C. I. Cio and to meet the needs of rural pastors, Miss T. C. Kuan were appointed to evangelists, teachers and lay leaders, the secretarial staff during the both men and women. past year.

2. That the Rural Life Committee There was much inspiration reselect a rural church in which a cor- ceived at the meetings of the Counrelated program will be carried out cil. Rev. Li Shih-men, of Canton, as an experiment, using local leader- told how in spite of communist upship assisted by experienced workers. risings the church had made prog- ress during the past year as seen 3. That the Council secure as soon in education, in extensive evangelas practicable a member of its staff ism-one meeting being attended to give special attention to rural by 5,OOO-and in the organization work. of a Chinese Bible Society which had already sold 80,000 copies of 4. That the Council earnestly com- the Scriptures. Rev. C. T. Chang. mend the findings of the Jerusalem of Hunan, said that street preachmeeting on Rural Problems to the ing is possible again in Changsha Churches and Missions in China as "the Moscow of China." Rev. E. a basis for study in seeking to form- S. Yu, of Kaifeng felt that Hunan ulate a comprehensive program for is to be congratulated that in Gen. rural work of the Church in China. Feng YU-hsiang "Christian prin- ciples have been woven into his During the coming year, the personality and his works even if Council is to investigate the ques- he should deny connection with the tion of the registration of the movement." Churches with the Government and the method of creating Chinese THE CALL TO PREACH AND PRACTICE All simple is the work to preach the Cross; To practice it puts life where death has been; To seek for gains but fills the earth with loss, And ease in saviours keeps earth full of sin.

o valiant warriors of our conquering Lord, Receive the call again that sends men out; Take to the field, and with your battle sword Fight till the world shall hear the victory shout 1 -Otto H. Houser.

EVANGELISTS-REV. C. K. LEE. 1IIR. LELAND WANG. REV. MARCUS

NEW HOPE FOR CHINA BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS T HERE are signs of a new Another indication of the new day in China. One of the order of things lies in the desire rays of the approaching dawn of the Christians for ecclesiastical is the change of attitude of Chi- independence. This is the very nese leaders with regard to com- goal for which the missionaries munism. A year or two ago have been longing and praying for Bolshevism was sweeping over decades. One missionary society China like a prairie fire. Today is turning their churches entirely both civil and military leaders are over to the Chinese; and the misdoing their utmost to stamp it out. sionaries, accompanied by' Chinese This constitutes a remarkable an- evangelists, will do pioneer work swer to the prayer of God's chil- in preaching the Gospel in undren in many lands. Let us pray reached towns and villages. that those in authority may realize that the Lord Jesus Christ and the Another augury of the new day Word of God are the only hope of is the widespread dissatisfaction China. with intellectual sermons and so- cial service; and a returning to Another encouraging sign lies in the simple preaching of the Cross the fact that persecution has not as the only thing that will satisfy wrecked the church in China, but the soul, and lead sinners into the has purified the true followers of Light. A group of Chinese pas- Christ, and has prepared the way tors and evangelists returned to for a great work of the Spirit of Shanghai after a tour of several God. In some cases the churches weeks in South China and the have grown while passing through leader of the party, Mr. C. K. Lee, persecution. tells how both pastors and people 88

NEW HOPE FOR CHINA

are turning away from the husks the life-giving Books have been of subterfuge, and are hungry for sent to missionaries, pastors, and other workers for wise and careful the Gospel. distribution. This great victory Rev. T. Darlington, of the Mil- has been wrought by a great vol- ume of believing prayer on the ton Stewart Evangelistic Fund, part of God's children in many tells of three pastors in North lands. From far and near come China who were about to give up tidings of the glorious blessing their churches and go into secular work. All three gained a new vi- A CHINESE POLICEMAN WITH HIS sion of Christ, and have gone back to· preach the Gospel in the power POCKET TESTAMENT of the Spirit. Far and near come encouraging reports of open and that is following the presentation receptive hearts following the re- of the Testaments. cent turmoil. The first 1,000 Testaments have Another hopeful sign is the been given away in this city. The readines5 of the people to hear the blessing received far exceeds our Gospel message. One of the Chi- expectations. The Christians are nese evangelists, Mr. Leland Wang more than ever reading their was converted while serving in the Bibles. Our meetings are full of Chinese Navy, and later resigned souls who are wanting to learn to devote his entire time to preach- more about Christ. Many have ing Christ. Recently in Hongkong decided for Christ, and have given the largest theatre in the city was their names as inquirers. When crowded, with hundreds standing, to hear him preach the Gospel of salvation through Christ. Mr. Wang and his associates have used thousands of the pocket' Testaments, and recently he sent for 2,000 more for use in Foochow, his home city.

Another auspicious event is the bold testimony for Christ given by General Chang Chih chiang in high governmental and other circles. He unflinchingly proclaims the Gospel to high and low and rich and poor. In an address to Shanghai bankers, he told them that Christianity and the Christians are the hope of China. General Chang loves the Word of God so much that he has purchased thousands of Bibles and Testaments for distribution.

Another harbinger of the new day in China is the success attending the nation-wide distribution of New Testaments. Over 600,000 of

we have received more Testaments, the distribution of the Testaments we will start at our eleven out- is Mr. T. H. Lin, one of the staff stations. of the American Bible Society.

Mr. Wang, a Chinese worker, re- During a recent visit to Central ceived such blessing from giving China he sent urgent requests for the Word to others that he has 4,000 of the pocket Testaments.

decided to distribute Testaments In Shanghai, last spring, Mar- as long as he lives. Another Chi- shall Feng welcomed back Mr. and nese, Mr. Yen, tells of the remark- Mrs. Sallee and their party of mis- sionaries to the province of Honan.

They arrived safely in Kaifeng, the capital, and found no trace of anti-foreign feeling. The mission school compound was occupied by about a thousand wounded soldiers.

The missionaries began preaching to them and on the second Sunday memorable scenes were witnessed.

The church, which seats about six hundred, was packed with men who filled the aisles, the pulpit platform, and the window sills. At the close of the service so few left that a second sermon was de- livered. Then the men were re- quested to go, and the building was filled again with women.

In spite of all the missionary ef- fort in China for decades past, many believe that probably three hundred million people in China have never yet clearly heard the Gospel message. In apostolk days it was in a time of great affliction that the Gospel spread. This may be true today.

GENERAl, CHANG CHIH CHIANG Not the least of all the signs of hope for a new day in China, is able results that came from giving the fact that the Holy Spirit is lay- copies of the Testament to those ing a burden of intercessory prayer who were opposed to Christianity. for a great spiritual awakening He says: "I received twenty copies upon the hearts of His children in of the Pocket Testament, and dis- many lands.

tributed them to twenty men who Shall we continue to pray earn- were anti-Christian. We followed estly and fervently for the mis- up the work, and fourteen of these sionaries and pastors and Chinese have become Christians." Christians, for the spread of the One of the most enthusiastic of Word of God, and for spiritual the hundreds of Chinese pastors awakening, so that a new day of and workers who have helped in spiritual life wiII dawn in China?

W. H. T. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO*

A Many Talented Missionary to Moslems BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt O N MAY 22, 1928, there en- habits _. . . .. Why should Christians tered into rest and the glori- have narrow minds? What grace is ous Life of the triumphant there in them? None whatever. In faithful, one of the most distin- fact, the very reverse. Have you never guished leaders of missionary work heard real unfairness in argument-a in the Near East. From Cairo, as total want of sympathy with any point the centre of his life-activities, that of view save the speaker's own-an wonderful spirit influenced wide circles far beyond Egypt, while in WILLIAM H. 'l'ElMPLEl GAIRDNER the great capital of the Moslem world his soul burned with the ardor of a star of the first magnitude in its · intellectual brilliancy and the versatility of his genius.

Gairdner from his youth up had the best educational advantages, not only in a Christian home of culture and refinement, but in his preparatory studies and at Oxford. There he was soon distinguished as a scholar and he remained one all his life. He loved books and .devoured them but always with discrimination. The best Book of all books was therefore worthy of his most earnest study and most rigid spiritual discipline. While still an undergraduate he gave an address on "The First Duty of Students" which is a key to his own life: If once a man goes down from ungracious intolerance, which makes college without having acquired the one feel inclined to take sides against habit of study, he will never acquire what one really believes? These are it. These years at college are our one characteristics of the warped mind. chance. Often enough even studious And such minds are often produced men, who get caught into the busy by failure to study while at college. whirl of a practical life, have perforce Let us be broad-minded in the true to drop this habit of study. But they sense of that much misused, muchcan never lose the benefit of past abused word.

• As a fuli biography of Canon Guirdner is One can judge how wide the Boon to appear from the pres8 written by his range of his scholarship was by an incident that took place during the ;~~&ago~1y i~tt~~~~' t~1i::et~h 1f·er~a:o~~ki~~: world war. There were more than {If the portrait and give a few reminiscenses of his many-sided ilfe–a life of four dimensions toward GOd and maIl.-S. M. Z.

91

a score of Y. M. C. A. centres and conventionalities. He was too busy camps for the armies in Egypt. about men's souls to spend much Gairdner among many others was time on dress; his versatile mind, expected to lecture at Kantara for ever ready to turn its attention in some days to the soldiers. In a new and unexplored quarter, answer to a question about sub- could not fix itself on the trivial jects, he sent the following list of things of life and sometimes topics from which to select: seemed to wander far from the "Mohammed; Mohammedanism; obviously close at hand. This ex- The History of Egypt, Ancient, plains his frequent absent-minded- Middle, or Modern; Modern Novel- ness. He was a good story-teller, ists and H. G. Wells; Ancient and an excellent companion, a skillful Modern Cosmogonies (early sys- musician (on the piano and the tems of Astronomy and the latest) ; organ which he often played simul- The Causes of the War from Cresar taneously); he was also an artist to Kaiser (race movements and in temperament, a dramatist and European history): Some Shakes-' poet. All of these gifts of genius peare plays; Robert Louis Steven- he laid on the altar of service for son; The Development and the King. His dramatic entertain- Structure of 'Music; How the Hier- ments and musical evenings (when oglyphics were Deciphered." Such Mrs. Gairdner added her talents) was the list on that half sheet of were a delight to the whole mis- paper and he asked for half a day's sionary community in Cairo and to notice before giving a lecture! a wide circle of other friends. Once Judge from this the force, the a year he might play "Charlie grace, the versatility of the man Chaplin" to the uproarious amusewho proposed, mid the flies and ment of children and their elders, tobacco smoke of a Y. M. C. A. hut, but all through the year he was the to talk to newly-enlisted men and warm and welcome friend of chilveteran officers on such themes and dren in his own home, of unfortuyet hold their attention. Gairdner, nate children in the hospitals and however, was not a naturally easy of the Egyptian children with speaker. His manner of speech was whom he came in contact. often hesitating and his bodily presence was sometimes against Here was a missionary who gave him. A friend at Oxford described one short life-time of service, in him as "active, vigorous, athletic, one place to one great idea-the with a well-built figure but which evangelization of Moslems. He he generally covered with unat- found his lever and fulcrum in tractive and ill-fitting clothes." Cairo and set out to move a world. Who can forget seeing him minus collar and necktie on a bicycle read- His call to special service in ing a newspaper and pushing the Egypt came through a godly wopedals to be on time at a Com- man, Miss Annie Van Sommer, at mittee! a summer conference, and this word spoken in faith had results far beyond all expectation.

One Great Purpose Before he sailed for Egypt to work under the Church Mission- With one great purpose in life, ary Society he gave unstinted serv- to exalt and preach Christ Cruci- ice to the Christian Student fied, Gairdner was careless of many Movement in Great Britain. He

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER OF CAIRO

CANON GAIRDNER. BISHOP McINNES (NOW IN JERUSALEM) AND SIX MOSLEM CONVERTS WHO RECEIVED BAPTISM I~ CAIRO wrote three study textbooks on still are, and not reaching much of the Prayer and on the Gospel of St. strongest and best material at all; John; he won recruits for service while men are not being won-and abroad; he deepened spiritual life how few men are being won!-while in the universities, for he had al- the very desire to win them, instead ready come under the influence of of burning like a fire within the bones men such as John R. Mott, Robert of those who profess Christ, is often P. Wilder and Robert E. Speer. No cold, or sometimes positively does not wonder that he wrote: exist-is our ideal realised?

Our purpose must be, then, to enter Gairdner's missionary ideals every college in the Kingdom, and hav- were lofty but sober. No one ing entered it, win it wholly for realised as keenly as he that the Christ. Or, to put it into a phrase, evangelization of Egypt was humust not our aims be to win the col- manly an impossible task. He did leges for Christ, each of all and all not underestimate the strength of of each? …. " While our Unions are Islam, nor was he ignorant of the touching a mere set, as many of them tremendous under-tow in the surf

for those who tried to save the world, is today forestalling and lost. If ever a man travailed and gaining on Christianity."

toiled to bring a rescued man Face to face with such a problem through the breakers it was Gaird- in the presentation of Christ, nero At his funeral some of these Gairdner was not only an earnest trophies of God's saving grace missionary but an able apologist broke down in tears when they re- and theologian. All of us in Cairo membered what their salvation had turned to him for inspiration and cost him. In July 1919 he wrote to guidance in the inevitable Moslem Dr. Mott: controversy forced upon us through The great thing, I think, to realize their press and their champions. is, that in coming to the Levant, you In his paper for the Jerusalem are coming to Mission fields entirely Council Meeting he said: different from India, China and Japan, Contact with Unitarian, deistic so that it might be expected, a priori Islam forces the Christian to work out that the plan and the conduct d your his theology experientially. Consider inter-mission conferences will also be the Eastern Churches which so lament- ably failed to stay or stem Islam. different.

The chief differences which I note What is their key-note? It is "ortho- are :-there, . old mission-fields, here doxy." To the average Eastern Chris- young ones: there organized churches tian "orthodoxy" conveys a purely of converts and their descendants, here intellectual and metaphysical signifi- almost none of such, but onJy old cance. If there be any ethical reality oriental churches and churches recent- underlying the jilioque controversy, it ly formed at their expense; conse- may reside just here, that the Eastern quently, there, comparatively little Churches thought only of the trans- sectarian feeling, here sectarian feel- cendental origin of the Holy Ghost, and ing, which in some cases is almost co- left out of their creed the fact that, extensive with religious feeling; there dispensationally, He is mediated to us governments largely friends, and ever, always, and only by the glorified publics ready to be well-disposed, here Jesus Christ. The "Catholic" Churches governments intensely unfriendly, and of the West have shared this danger public in a present state of savage ill- of considering the Trinity first and disposition. foremost transcendentally, and equally so have those Churches which vow al- The Impossible-l'ossible l'roblem legiance to Calvin and Luther. Such In his little book "The Rebuke of an attitude is helpless against Islam. Islam" he stated truly that Islam Who can teIl what moral results will was "the impossible-possible problem. For it is the only one of the accrue, when we allow the Trinity to dominate the devotional life of the heart, as well as our theology? Who great religions to come after Chris- shall gauge the debt we may yet have tianity; the only one that definitely co confess to Islam, if that great an- claims to correct, complete and tagonist prove finally to have comsupersede Christianity; the only pelled us to explore unknown depths one that categorically denies the of the riches of the revelation of the truth of Christianity; the only one Triune God?

that has in the past signally de- We have quoted these words at feated Christianity; the only one length because they express Gaird- that seriously disputes the world ner's theology and the theology with Christianity; the only one which we believe will yet win the which, in several parts of the Moslem world.

All through his quarter of a cen- from his pen "The Life of D. L. tury of service in Egypt, preach- Thornton," "Edinburgh 1910," ing, organizing, and dealing with "The Rebuke of Islam," "Notes on many inquirers-the missionary the Epistle to the Romans," and found time (nay took the golden three important works on the hours) to write. He struggled to Arabic language, its grammar, free himself from routine. Apolo- prosody and phonetics. In addition gizing for long silence he writes in to all this he founded a monthly May, 1927: Christian Magazine in Arabic and English and was its chief editor for My dear old Sam,-Peccavi-mea twenty-one years. Its circulation maxima Culpa-al haqq 'alayya, and and support was his constant care, if there be any other expression con- and, before his death, his pen was ceive it said. I expect you have de- able to extend its influence in spaired of me. Let me say just this: widening circles, from Alexandria from July to January I was at home on to Khartoum. The magazine' Orileave, and I wrote no letters, for I ent and Occident has a great numhad more going on than I could really ber of Moslem readers, also outside manage or do justice to: and from of Egypt, and has become the open February to date it has been one un- forum for intelligent discussion of successful attempt to catch up the lost religious problems for the young first-half of the year :-. . . . . . Life Egyptian. in Cairo is the usual pressed-bullybeef tub of conferences and com- It is, however, not the quantity, mittees. How to escape from these but the quality of Gairdner's literthings I know not. And yet I have ary work that is astonishing. His got clear of the A. C. L. S. M., the "What Happened Before the He- N. M. P. and the standing Committee gira 1" is one of the most telling of the Egypt Intermission Council. approaches to the Moslem mind But there remains the Fellowship of ever written. The same is true of Unity, the Western Asia and N. A. his "Death of the Perfect Man" as Council, the Standing Committee of an interpretation of the very heart the C. M. S., and the Native-Church of the Atonement. And what can Committee, the Bulac Church Com- one say of his remarkable Bible mittee, and the School of Oriental dramas and Miracle-plays? Those Studies and as all these are thriving who were present at the first presinstitutions, and all make their chief entation of "Joseph" by Egyptians efforts in the spring you can imagine to an Egyptian audience will never how it is. forget the genius of its production and the reverence of the listeners. As An Author Boys from the Old Cairo Mission School were the actors. The The list of Gairdner's Arabic church was filled to the doors; the publications cover many fields of scenery was simplicity itself but literature. Eleven tracts and books the acting superb under Gairdner's on Islam and Christianity came leadership and its moving climax from his fertile pen and some of was Joseph as type of Christ. One them were often reprinted and who knew what took place behind translated; all of them are in- the scenes says: creasingly valuable. Twelve books on Bible Study and Bible biog- At the close, as the church emptied, raphy; six on prayer and the de- and the spell cast by the play gradually votional life for Oriental Christians.

In the English language we have

lifted, a figure in a black cassock was and methods." The book, there- left kneeling by the stage, his features fore, in a sense, is an auto-biogmotionless in prayer. It was the author-producer. The drama in Cairo raphy, although never so intended had been consecrated at last, and by the author. During the last steeped in the spirit of prayer. months of Gairdner's severe ill- ness, the circle of friends sur- It will illustrate Gairdner's power of concentration when I tell you that rounded him was composed of men, one at least of those scriptural plays women and children, Syrians, was written as he sat on the third Egyptians, Americans, Germans, class deck of a Mediterranean steamer Swedes, British of every church between Alexandria and Brindisi, and from among Moslems. At the writing, writing, writing, oblivious to funeral all Christian Cairo was passing meals, and dancing sailors,. represented-it was a common sor- and playing children, as hour after row for the loss of a friend that hour the characters came to life under brought so heterogeneous a comhis pen. A thread was tied round the manuscript at Brindisi,-to his wife pany to the church and around the for typing, and so to the publisher. grave. Like Daniel, he was "a man This in the hours of furlough after greatly beloved." The secret and the stresses of·a Cairo year. strength of that love was well ex- pressed by one of his closest Most of all, this man of ten talents, was a friend. He had the friends, the Rev. Maurice Richgenius and the passion for making mond, at the conclusion of his and holding friendships regardless memorial address in St. Mary's of racial, social, or language dis- Church, Cairo. It is a true picture tinctions. His mind Was inter- of a great missionary and great national; he loved to bridge lover of Christ: differences, he had a passion for Christian unity and felt personally The fruit of the spirit is love, joy, humiliated when missionary peace. And we thank God for the life groups or individuals failed to in which this fruit was so varied and understand each other. Early in so pure. Love-joy-peace. May we his missionary career David found paraphrase those words? Friendshiphis Jonathan. In a close alliance zest in life–and that free inward he and Douglas Thornton worked harmony of all his powers in the heartas brothers for eight years, al- loyal service of Christ and of his though both were twins in genius Kingdom. Yes, we thank God for the and education, they were strongly life of such a friend: contrasted in temperament and gifts. When Gairdner lost Thorn- "One who never turned his baCK but ton it well-nigh broke his heart. marched breast forward, When he wrote his biography it Never doubted clouds would break, was to him not the story of a life Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, but "a study in missionary ideals Sleep to wake."

The glory of life is to love, not to be loved; to give, not to get; to serve, not to be served.-Hugh Black. (Congregationalist, Dec. 6.)

SUPREME PERSON AND

SUPREME QUEST"

BY REV. ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., Auburndale, Mass.

For Fifty Year8 a Missionary oj the American Board in India Dr. Hume, who first went out to India as a missionary in 1874, exerted a widf' and blessed influence there. He was the means of leading many to follow Christ and was honored by the Indian Government. He says: .

"My great desire and chief effort is to bring every one into personal contact with the Lord Jesus Christ, in the conviction that He will draw the soul into accepting His help. I first gave this address in the hall of the College of a Hindu Prince, the Maharaja of Kolhapur. It was printed, at the request of Hindus and Christians, went through several editions in English, translated and printed in four Indian languages and was also translated into Telugu by an unbaptized Hindu prince, the Raja Bhujaugrao of Ellore, whom I had never met. This condensed report shows how the Christian message is sometimes given by a missionary in India."

BROTHERS, let me share with Jesus Christ Is the Supreme Thinker you the highest privilege of One reason why I consider Jesus my life. Only life produces Christ the Supreme Person is that life. Every one's chief values He is the greatest thinker that ever come not from "things," but from lived. What constitutes anyone a intimacy with good persons. Is great thinker? It is, first, his hav- ing true and thorough understandthe possession of wealth or political ing of fundamental principles; or social preeminence a great per- second, his power to express his manent satisfaction? There is a thoughts in lucid, virile, penetratproverb, "Uneasy lies the head ing language; so that, third, all that wears a crown." The poet sorts of people can understand his Cowper says, "Knowledge and wis- thought; and, fourth, so that they dom, far from being one, have oft can and will pass those thoughts times no connection." Byron on to others, and thus his thoughts wrote, "The tree of knowledge is will become the thoughts of more not that of life." No "thing" gives and still more men. Is Jesus genuine or permanent satisfaction. Christ such a thinker? Only the possession of a worthy character gives solid satisfaction What Is God Like 1 to a spirit. You and I are spirits, though at present living in bodies. Most people would say that prob- The main aid to developing a noble ably the most difficult subject on character is association with which one can think clearly and worthy persons. The worthier helpfully is about the infinite God.

they are, the greater the gain. Here is a specimen of Jesus The greatest gain will come from Christ's teaching on this subject: the supreme person. To me the "He that hath seen me hath seen supreme person is Jesus Christ. the Father"; i. e., God being in- Let me tell you how Jesus Christ visible, illimitable, undefinable, no has helped me. mere words can give an adequate * Dr. Hurne, from his rich experience, is conception of Him. Therefore for us the best workable, vital way of available for missionary addresses. The above understanding God is to see and message shows bow a Christian missionary interpret Him through that revelasometimes presents Christ and the Gc>spel, but it Is not the whole message or the whole Go"pel.-EDITOR.

97 2

Lion of Himself which Jesus Christ started for home. "While he was was. In this brief sentence of afar off his father saw him, and eight words of one syllable and a was moved with compassion, and ninth of two syllables Jesus Christ mn and fell on his neck and kissed condensed His thought and teach- him." Then in joy at the repentant ing about the infinite God, viz., "In boy's return, he ordered his servcharacter God is like me." Does ants to make a feast, and to put this meet the above four tests? Is the best clothes on the returned it simple, ludd, understandable by prodigal to show how inexpressibly plain people, and can and will such glad the father was. According to people pass it on to others? Jesus Christ this is an illustration of how God feels toward His err- How God Feels About All Men ing children. Is this teaching on a vital subject lucid, easy to under- An important particular aspect stand and easy to pass on to others? of helpful thought about God is a true, lucid, forceful statement of A really great thinker apprehow He feels toward all men. This hends and teaches universal prinis how Jesus Christ put this: ciples. There is no more marked "What man is there of you who, characteristic of Christ than His if his son'shall ask him for bread, absolute freedom from and supewill give him a stone? If ye then, riority to traditionalism. And the being evil, know how to give good largeness of His thinking is seen gifts unto your children, how much from the fact that He never more shall your Father who is in criticized imperfect conceptions heaven give good things to them without also unfolding the obscure that ask Him"; that is, God thinks, core of truth in beliefs and pracfeels and acts toward all men as tices which seemed imperfect and good fathers think, feel and act to- limited. Thus He said, "Think not ward their children. Only because that I am come to destroy, but to human fathers are imperfect, while fulfil," i. e., to fill thought and God is a perfect Father, our Fa- habit and life fuller and still fuller. ther God is sure always to do His very best for every child of His. The Aim of Jesus Christ Is this brief figurative teaching lucid, understandable, easy to pass His one and only aim was origon to others? inal, majestic, universal. An un- tutored young man, brought up in Important as it is to know what a little village of a small subject God thinks and feels about all men, country, what did He say that He it is more urgent to appreciate how aimed at, and felt sure He could He feels about His erring children, do? Nothing less than to establish because that is what you and I in the whole world for all time the are. The characteristic teaching universal Kingdom of God on the of .Tesus Christ on this vital subject principles of truth! No one else is His story which might be called ever conceived and proclaimed "A Father's joy over the return such a program. And His vision home of an erring son." A wilful included the expectation that He, son had grieved his father and one man, without a single ordinary wasted the father's property in asset of any kind, was to establish riotous living. After a while the this Kingdom by gradually drawson began to realize his sin and ing all men to Himself, even when

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

He should be invisible. "If I be them through special means. Also lifted up, I will draw all men unto it had its ebb and flow. The con- myself." And He is doing it. stant, controlling spiritual experi- Men rightly quote the words of ence of Jesus Christ was that He great thinkers and writers. Plato, was ever in the Father and the Fa- Shakespeare, Emerson and Shan- ther in Him. His first recorded karacharya were representative utterance was when at twelve writers among Greeks, English- years of age He had gone to a re- men, Americans and Indians. Let ligious gathering in Jerusalem.

us judge of their greatness by the The other boys of His company extent to which men everywhere were watching the crowds and quote from them. In the English sights. Jesus was constantly in language a good many quotations the temple. . After a three-day from Shakespeare occur. This is search when His parents found evidence that he was a virile Him there, His mother mildly writer. Can you quote any of chided Him, saying, "Son, why Plato's words? You may be able hast thou thus dealt with us?" He to recall some sententious expres- replied, "How is it that ye sought sion of Emerson. Possibly you can me? Knew ye not that I must be repeat a few words of Shankara- in the things of my Father?" In charya. Yet probably a larger adult life some of His character- proportion of well-educated In- istic words were: "All things have dians use more quotations from been delivered unto me of my Fa- Jesus Christ than from Plato, ther"; "I am not alone, because the Shakespeare, Emerson and Shan- Father is with me"; "The Father karacharya. In the world at large hath not left me alone."

direct or indirect quotations from No human being ever made such Jesus Christ would probably ex- claims to moral perfection as the ceed quotations from all other Lord Jesus Christ made. Yet no thinkers put together. In the Eng- one seems to feel that in this He lish language how many of the made an unworthy or excessive thoughts of the greatest writers claim. He often said that His like Browning, Tennyson and work was to help others to over- others are the thoughts of Christ come their sin. Yet He calmly in somewhat changed words. It claimed that He himself was sin- would hardly be amiss to say that less, e. g., He said, "I do always Jesus Christ is the only thinker the things that are pleasing to who is recognized in every land by Him" (i. e., to God). The holiest the most intelligent persons as the men are the most sensitive to their Supreme Thinker. own defects. Jesus Christ never repented. On the contrary, He Jesus Christ Is the Supreme Person said calmly to the religious leaders As holiness is a higher attribute of His day, "Which of you con- of God than knowledge or power, victeth me of sin?"

so is it a higher attribute of the Another spiritual characteristic supreme person. E. g., JESUS of Jesus Christ was His respect CHRIST HAD AN EVER-PRESENT CON- for and sympathy with men. No SCIOUSNESS OF GOD. Some holy one ever had so much respect for men have had some God-vision. men as Christ. His favorite This was gradually acquired by designation for Himself was "The

son of man," thereby meaning praised, the smallest kind deed that, as a dutiful son feels for his done without thought of reward, father the profoundest respect, joy even a cup of water given to any thirsty person, will be counted by in association with him, and in Him as done to Himself. Jesus service for him, so Jesus Christ Christ was the greatest apprefelt respect for all men as men, joy ciator. in association with them, even when erring, and intense satisfac- The Authority Claimed by Jesus tion in sacrificing Himself for those whose son He was. It was No one ever lived Who made one this appreciation of the worth of hundredth part of the claim to aumankind which led Him to live thority which Jesus Christ made. among them and to sacrifice Him- He plainly and always claimed that self for the moral regeneration of He was introducing into the world the race. Therefore, of all per- a new spiritual order through sons who ever lived He is unques- which the old order would be fultionably supreme in sympathy and filled and then superseded. It was compassion. It is astonishing on this astounding claim that He based His authority 10 command. how much of the time and strength "All authority hath been given of this great thinker and moral unto me, in heaven and on earth. leader was given to alleviating Go, therefore, and make disciples physical troubles. Even more was of all the nations." "Heaven and He moved by the knowledge of earth shall pass away, but my spiritual need. When others were words shall not pass away." in perplexity, "He groaned in spirit The decisive mark and test of and was troubled." the highest type of person is his Fineness in quickly and ade- capacity for pain and his way of accepting it. "Love's strength quately appreciating what is standeth in love's sacrifice, and worthy, especially when this is whoso suffers most hath most to give." In our India, renunciation largely concealed, is one of the is the hall-mark of noble character. noblest traits of character. An indication of Christ's attitute toward The Supreme Person must be men is the minuteness and delicacy the supreme sufferer; one who of His appreciation of their littlest undergoes suffering for a supreme services and excellencies. Jesus purpose in a supreme spirit. Is saw a very poor widow glide into there a moment's question as to whether or not Jesus Christ is the the temple, and unostentatiously supreme sufferer of all time? drop two of the smallest coins into Through Him the cross has become the box for offerings. This, which a symbol not only of His own selfno one else noticed, Jesus not only sacrifice for the regeneration of observed, but so appreciated that mankind, but in literature "the He said to His disciples, Did you cross" has become the synonym see what that widow did? In it- for all noble endurance of sufferself hers was a tiny offering. But ing for the good of others. What because, despite her poverty, in a world of suggestiveness is in the gratitude she gave God her all it fact that, because the Lord Jesus excelled in value all the gifts of all Christ endured in His matchless the rich. At another time the Lord Jesus said that when at the last the characters of men shall be ap-

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

way His shameful end on a par- our wills. Honestly is not the folticular kind of wood, "The Cross" lowing poem applicable to you? has become practically the only figure to express the noblest self- "We know the path wherein our feet sacrifice. The influence of the suf- should pass, fering Christ upon the hearts of men is such as to awaken in them Across our hearts are written Thy degratitude and devotion strong crees, enough to change their characters and their lives. A recognition of Yet now, 0 Lord, be merciful to bless His personal relation to them in with steel, to strike the blow. His great sacrifice has made the wicked penitent, has made the self- Grant us the will to fashion as we feel, satisfied conscious of deep un- Grant us the strength to labor as we worthiness. A consciousness of Christ's sufferings for men is the know, highest moral dynamic among Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edged men. with steel, to strike the blow. First I showed that Christ is the Knowledge we ask not-knowledge Thou supreme thinker; next that spir- hast lent, itually He is the Supreme Person, But Lord, the will-there lies our bitter most worthy of your reverence and need, love. But there is a third even Give us to build above the deep intent, stronger reason why the Lord The deed, the deed."

Jesus is the Supreme Person. He Brothers, very briefly and inadeis the supreme strengthener of the quately, I have tried to show how Jesus Christ is the Supreme Per- 'Will. And man's chief defect is not son because He is the Supreme lack of knowledge, but weakness of Thinker, the Supreme Spiritual Person, and the Supreme Strengthwill. This is true of men in every ener of the Will. This is my percountry. But in our beloved India sonal experience. This has been the experience of millions of this weakness of will has been others. Now let us speak a little upon the vital importance of makfearfully increased by the caste ing a sincere, a persistent quest system. through which individual- for personal relations to Him. ity and personal responsibility have been sadly repressed. In the The Supreme Quest caste system men are not permitted to decide for themselves what is If Jesus Christ is the Supreme right or best for them to do. They Person, then everyone's supreme must follow what caste and custom desire and quest should be how decide, whatever the individual soonest and best to get into intithinks or feels or wishes. Caste mate association with Him. One has worked fearful economic and of the most helpful proverbs is social harm to our country. But this: "The good is the worst its worst injury has been to our enemy of the best." Nothing mora~ faculty. It has dulled con- shows the normal weakness of men science, and has emasculated the so much as their astonishing willwill-power of millions. Therefore ingness to be satisfied with less no country so much as India needs than the best possible for themsome great Person to strengthen selves in many matters when a de- termined effort requires one to struggle for the best, and to face more or less obloquy from those with whom we are associated. Let me show you how in a simple, prac- tical manner you can and should

make a persistent and ceaseless easily obtained than any other quest for intimacy with the Su- writings and are more inspiring preme Person. than the biographies of any other Jesus Christ won His first dis- person. I do not ask you to read ciples by saying two simple words, those writings in order to accept "Follow me." Once any earnest the interpretation of them which man responded to Christ's call in I or anyone else would give. I those two words he received as the trust God's Spirit to help you to reward of the loyal quest a grow- understand much of their signifi- ing likeness to that Master through cance. But try to read without association with Him. Take a few bias and with a teachable spirit.

illustrations from His biography. Second, ask God's guidance that A man of very fickle character, you may understand and reach the whose name Simon meant "the right attitude toward the Supreme fickle one," became a disciple of Person. This is what men usually Jesus. That relation to Jesus call "prayer." Prayer is not say- changed that man's character, and ing some good words to God at even his name was changed to regular times. There is hardly Peter, meaning "firm as a rock." any more helpful definition of A hot-tempered, fiery disciple, prayer than the following simple John, became one of the gentlest of lines: men. Simply by associating with "Prayer is the soul's sincere desire, Him an adulteress became a pure Unuttered or expressed, woman, about whom thereafter no The motion of a hidden fire one could have a suspicion. A hard-hearted man, Zaccheus, who That trembles in the breast." had dishonestly amassed wealth, Prayer is the attitude of one's sou] toward His Father.

received Jesus as a casual visitor. Often Think of Jesus Christ Even this short interview with the Third, associate 'With Christ in Supreme Person changed that thought. Innumerable sons and avaricious man into an honest, and daughters have mental and spir- even a generous man. itual association with absent "Lord, what a change within us one short parents; thousands of grateful hour pupils have mental and spiritual association with revered teachers, Spent in Thy presence will avail to some of whom have left this world. make!" Such mental association with the Read the Life of Christ In India, as the world over, invisible Christ was the way by many, many things make it hard which Paul followed Him. Paul to follow Jesus Christ. However, was thinking of Him so much that I mention four simple and practical it was the simple truth for Paul suggestions. to say, "For me to live is Christ"; First, often and· thoughtfully "I live, yet not I, but Christ liveth read the four short biographies of in me." Such thinking and think- Jesus Christ which are the very ing and thinking about 'Christ, and first writings in the New Testa- longing and longing to become like ment. How can you get into close Him, is the principal way by relations with the Supreme Person which most strong Indian Chris- unless you at least often read the tians have become Christ's fol- records of His life which are more lowers.

THE SUPREME PERSON AND THE SUPREME QUEST

Finally, associate with Christ by that He was invisibly with them, honestly doing what by His ex- and was Himself doing the service, ample, by His teaching, or by some only He was doing it through them.

inspiration you think that He Is not that how every teacher of wishes you to do. What Christ science or of any trade associates most desires is not some profession with his pupils? Such a teacher by words, but single-minded fol- puts his pupils into a laboratory or lowing of truth, of purity, of self- shop, and tells them actually to do sacrifice, and of service of brother with their own hands what they men. With solemn irony He still have learned from him in theory.

says, "Not everyone that saith unto This is the only way by which me Lord, Lord, shall enter into the pupils can actualiy become what a kingdom of heaven; but he that teacher wants them to become.

doeth the will of my Father." That is, pupils associate with Christ and Particular Duties teachers and masters, when they actually carry into practice what Christ wisely recognizes the im- they saw their masters do, or what mense differences in men's circum- they told their pupils to do. stances and environment, and so Not much difficulty will come to never specifies in detail what any you from quietly reading biogone should do. What He empha- raphies of Christ in the New Testasizes is the desire to serve and the ment or elsewhere, or from often spirit in which one serves. One of lifting your heart to your heavenly His disciples accurately described Father for His guidance. But it Christ's life by simply saying, "He may be very hard for you to comply went about doing good." In order with another earnest request. that no one could ever imagine that Since the Lord Jesus is the Suhe would have difficulty in imitat- preme Person it is for your highest ing Christ in service He said, for interest also to have helpful inter- substance, "I so identify myself course with those who really are with'every human being that what- His followers, and not to be ever you do or fail to do for any ashamed to let others know that one–be he good or bad–I count you too are His disciple.

that service or failure to serve as Noone can adequately describe actually done to me," How won- this, the Supreme Person, or the derful! The Lord Jesus was the method and the value of making founder and first member of "The intimacy with Him, our supreme Servants of the World Society." quest. Christ suggests what a man When He was in visible form in should do to secure the Kingdom of Palestine with His pupils He was God. "The kingdom of heaven is doing various kinds of service for like unto a man that is a merchant the physical and spiritual welfare, seeking goodly pearls; and having of all kinds of people. Then, after found one pearl of great price, he letting them see what He did, and went and sold all that he had and how He did it, gradually He sent bought it."

them out without visibly accom- Brothers, intimacy with the Lord panying them, and told them that Jesus Christ is the spiritual pearl in such service they would be His of countless worth. Seek Him, witnesses; yet while thus serving whatever it may cost. I am very, they were all the time to realize very glad that He is seeking you.

A CRISIS-HOUR IN HISTORY REV. W. REMFRY HUNT, F.R.G.S., BREA, CALIFORNIA (Thirty years in Centra! China.) C RISES are revealing. They mark epochs. No history is secular when the divine is in it. No religion is divine that does not touch the human. There are deep and sublime lessons in this thought. Students in the fields of comparative religious science find themselves in the range of theo-poetic rather than theological vision. Here are divergent tracks of Oriental and Occidental erudition. The founding of the Indian Institute side by side with the Bodlein Library in Oxford University, England, is noted by a famous Hindu reformer as "the broadening of the Western mind." It bridges racial chasms and turns controversies into con- ferences. One seems to muse·in the climate of other spheres. Max Milller symbolizes the syntheses of other gospels in the parable of twilight, moonlight and dawn revelations. Time and place and circumstances are and ever must be determinative factors. "God, who at sundry times …" is an arresting and disturbing phrase: it has retrospect and perspective. Read the third chapter of Ephesians and the fifth verse. In the great procession of the cen- turies it gives successive light on new and whitening horizons. I call you to focus the range and in it discover THE CHRIST as "the center of the center." The chart shows the sixth century as a strategic era. In Greece Pythagoras, the father of ancient phi- losophy, arose. In China arose Confucius to immortalize a code of ethics. In India arose S'akya-mouni Gautama Buddha to reform Brahmanism. In Judea came the reverses to the religions of Jehovah and the destruction of Jerusalem. These times were illuminated by the lives and voices of Zoroaster, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, by the work of Cyrus and the light of the prophets of the exile. It was an era of epoch-marking time.

—- – – – – – – – – – , – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – Confucianism Buddhism Taoism CONFUCIUS, born BUDDHA, born in LAOTZU, born in in China, B. C. 551, India, B. C. 630, died China, B. C. 604, died B. C. 478. B. C. 543. disappeared B. C. 524. Emblem of State Symbol of rever- Church: DRAGON. ence: IMAGE OF Emblem of altars: BUDDHA. DEMON. Has had 2,400 years of propagation. H a B had 2,500 2,500 yea r s of years of propagation. propaganda. Has influenced 75 generations of men Has influenced 80 Has mesmerized 80 now in the tomb. generations. of men generations of men now in the tomb. now in the tomb. Represents AGNOSTICISM. Represents Represents IDOLATRY. SUPERSTITION.

"… and a false faith lingers still, As shades do: tho' the morning stars be out."

I BECAME A CHRISTIAN*

JOHN A. SUBHAN, Bareilly, India An Indian Who Was Formerly a Mohammedan I WAS born in Calcutta thirty hammedan laws. I could hardly years ago. According to the tolerate the Moslems who did not Moslem rite the words mean- 'observe the prayers and fastings, ing the greatness of God and the or who were not good Moham- Apostleship of Mohammed were medans, and my indignation a- pronounced in my ears, and thus gainst non – Moslems knew no I was received not only into this bounds. Indeed I was growing in- world but also into the fold of to a fanatic. The little reading of Islam. As I grew up these two books about the early conquests of great principles of Islam – the Islam so influenced my thoughts, greatness of Allah and the Apostle- that I would delight in imagining ship of Mohammed – began to another jehad (holy war) and mould my life and govern my drawing the sword against all un- thoughts. It was in the atmos- believers, and then dying a martyr phere of these principles I received in a glorious fight for Islam. The my early education. From my guiding principle, or the motive youth I was religiously inclined behind my religious zeal and the and thus began to observe the nec- tenacity with which I followed the essary religious exercises, prayers, practice of Islam lay in my blind fasting and other Islamic devotion faith in the truth of Islam. To at an earlier age than generally a me every other religion was an in- Moslem youth is expected. My vention of the devil, and all non- parents noticing my religious tend- Moslems, as followers of false ency, planned to make me a Hafiz religions, had no right to exist.

and a Moulvie. During the period of my early At a very early age, I had fin- education in Islam, my attitude to- ished the whole of Koran and un- ward God was as of a Great and der an Arab Hafiz I ,had begun Almighty Being, not only morally to memorize it. I also acquired but also physically. When saying knowledge of my vernacular Urdu my prayers, I used to imagine this and at the age of ten I knew how Allah with a terrible appearance to say the prayers prescribed by sitting on a very high throne, sup- Islam. Under the guidance of a ported by angels, and I could im- professor of Moslem Theology I agine Him looking down upon me, acquired some knowledge of Is- sometimes smiling and often get- lamic Theology and of the laws ting angry, especially when I used regulating prayers and fastings. to allow my thoughts to wander or Thus armed with the necessary when I was late for the appointed knowledge of Islam, I turned out prayers. He was merciful in over- to be a strict observant of Mo- looking the sins of His prophets • This f'xtrernely interesting narrative of a who were His favorites. He was vital religious experience, is given, as it reached an absolute monarch. He could do what He pleased. Mohammed was the Editor, in the author's somewhat quaint the ideal of my life. Islam was English, Our diction would have been much less correct had we attempted to write in his mother tongue !-EDITOR.

105

the only religion I loved, and out- Allah as presented in Islam, and side of the fold of Islam there was felt satisfied with religious experi- no salvation. Hindus and Chris- ence gained through the practice tians all were living under the of Mohammedanism. Yet I always wrath of God. Allah had allowed had a sense of something lacking Christians to be exalted nations in my inner experience. The con- in this world only to punish them ception of God as an absolute more severely in the next world, Power, and of Mohammed as an and on the other hand Muslims ideal were both inadequate. To were poor only to have a better satisfy the inner longing I tried to and greater reward in the world follow Islam more strictly. To my to come. regular prayers I added extra My parents intended me to be hours, prescribed as pious practice entirely educated on religious lines for believers. The greater part of and to take up a religious profes- my life was spent in mosques and sion. Now it was thought espe- in the cemetery. There was a rest- cially by my brother, that I was lessness in my heart and I wanted going too far in my religious zeal tQ have it satisfied.

and fanaticism, and that it was a At this stage I made acquaint- right time that a limit should be ance of certain Mohammedan mys- put to it. To counteract my re- tics and learned from them that ligious mania it was decided that through Sufism only can one attain I should be educated on modern perfection, and meet Adam, Moses, lines and must give up the mem- Jesus and Mohammed, and be in orizing of Koran. Thus in 1910 communication with the spiritual I was sent first to Woodburn world. I went through the life and School and then to Calcutta Mad- teachings of two great founders of arsah to study English, mystic schools, Sheikh Abdul Qadir "The Search" Jilani, the founder of the Quadirite fraternity, and known as the saint What Plato said of philosophy, of all saints among Moslems, and that it begins in wonder, is also of Khawajah Moimuddin Chishti, true of one's religious experience. who is buried in Ajmere and whose My wonders at the early dawn of shrine is a place of pilgrimage of my reasoning were first, the men- Indian Moslems. I learned that tion of Jorah, Zabur and Qujil in through Sufism one hot only can Koran; and the second was the know God but be absorbed in the irlea of God. I was too young or Divine Oneness. Here I was shown short-sighted to notice the other the way of not only knowing but wonders of Islam. All through my experiencing in life all the truths Islamic study I had often won- of the sacred prophets, Angels, dered that where could Jorah, Za- spiritual beings, even God, the ab- bur and Qujil be. Again and again solute Allah! I longed to be initi- I would read the references to ated in one of these orders of Mys- Moses, David and Jesus and to ticism, but I was invariably told their books. I had a great curi- that I was too young.

osity to know more of these proph- At length I had an opportunity ets and to read their books. As of visiting my grandfather at for the idea of God, for long I was Benares. He belonged to the or- reconciled to the conception of der of Qadiya, founded by Abdul

1929J WHY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN

Qadir Jilani. My persistent effort ceptor I was to travel upon the was rewarded by his promise of Path, and pass from stage to stage, speaking to his preceptor on my meeting Adam, Noah, Abraham, behalf. He kept his promise, and Moses, Jesus and Mohammed, and his superior consented to accept finally to reach and enjoy Oneness me as a mere postulant, and to give with Allah. Before joining the me the initiation, known in mysti- mystic order God was to me a ter- cal technique as "Tawajjoh." The rible King, the negligence of whose ceremony took place in strict se- command was to be punished very clusion. I squatted down in front seriously. I had to take great pre- of the superior, who first gave me cautions to prevent my thoughts a brief exhortation to the strict ob- from wondering in prayers, and so servance of Islamic laws, and on to create a sense of fear during detaching my heart from the love prayer I used to imagine a sword of the world, which really has no (the sword of Damocles) hanging existence, the real existence being over me. After my initiation, this that of Allah alone. Then the Mighty Avenger was my Beloved, promise of secrecy being extracted, Whom I was seeking.

he, touching his tongue with one As a mystic I acquired the de- of his fingers, placed it at the left sire for the purification of my soul, side of my chest under the ribs, and a thirst after God. The re- which he pointed out to me to be ligious exercises called ziki helped the place where heart is located me a good deal to keep my mind and at the same time explained the free from evil thoughts. The first shape of the heart. With my eyes exercise which J. had learned at my closed and bent toward that spot initiation, was a great help to I was asked to imagine the word ward off the lust of the flesh.

Allah in Arabic character engraved I Come to Know in golden letters upon my heart, spreading its bright rays all over. All was going on well; the With this fixed in my mind, I was traveler was on his way to meet asked to draw breath inhaling the his God, when one day a copy of name Allah, and at the last syllable the Gospel was given to me by a to hold the breath and then to Moslem friend. On previous oc- exhale the last syllable Hu. This casions I had torn it into pieces, I was asked to do several times a as a book of Satan. This time I day. The more I practiced it, the was prompted to read it again and greater was my sanctity. Accord- studied it carefully and tried to ing to the instructions of my pre- discover something satanic, but ceptor I used to sit down with there was nothing which I could closed eyes and picture the name discard as a lie or corruption. The Allah engraved upon my heart in simplicity of the life of Christ im- luminous letters. This used to pressed me. The story of the cru- throw me sometimes into a state cifixion was something new and of ecstacy or of profound sleep. contrary to what I was taught, yet After the ceremony of the initi- it seemed to be the natural develop- ation into the mystic orders of ment of the whole thing. My faith Qadriya, I became-to speak in in Islamic interpretation was sufi term-a Salik, or traveller, shaken. The Gospel story, either and under the guidance of my pre- right or wrong, was not at least

satanic. The moulvies had told a and English spoke to me on the lie. I managed to obtain a copy of Koranic text, "Show me the the Bible and started reading it straight path." It was the first every day. Then came difficulties, occasion that the Christian mesthere were so many questions to be sage in its absolute purity free solved. I wanted some one to from polemics was presented to guide me. me. I had found the existing Bible to be the real Torah, Zabur and Then I made acquaintance with Injil, mentioned in the Koran and Canon E. F. Brown, of Oxford because the God of Christian Mission, Calcutta, whom every seemed to me to be superior to street urchin knew. Hardly real- Allah of Islam. Now within those izing the necessity of further in- few minutes, I learned that Christ struction I offered myself to be and only Christ, is the way. and received in the church. On the that I must become a Christian not plea of my minority he advised me only for the intellectual satisfacto wait and study further. He tion in order to be saved, saved could not speak my language and from the hell and judgment with could not understand my thoughts, which I was familiarized in Islam. and so I was on the look out for I learned that I must accept Christ someone who could advise me how as my living murshid (spiritual to become a Christian. My search guide) and follow Him with unended in finding an Indian preach- hesitating steps to the end of my er, who tried to answer Moslem life. It became clear to me that objections, and thus gave me in- Christ is the Tarigat or Path leadtellectual satisfaction. But my soul ing to God for He is the way bewas on fire for something higher, tween God and Man, for He came not the satisfaction of the intellect from God and has returned to God. but of the spirit. My longing was The path was clear and straight, to become a disciple of Christ, and and my soul cried out in exultant even this preacher could not tell joy. It was the joy of a man who me how I could do that. had lost his way, and then found it again, and recognizing it as his My Search for the Truth path leading to his home, would feel happy and relieved. I continued my search for some one who would show me the way My acquaintance with Rev. F. to become Christian. Close to my W. Steinthal opened a new chapter house was the Y. M. C. A. College in my religious experience. It was Branch, and learning that it had the result of my fellowship with something to do with the mission this friend that I came to know of Christ, I dropped a post card Christianity as a religion of exdesiring an interview with the sec- perience. So far to me religion retary. A few days after I got a was a matter of intellect and pracreply asking me to see Rev. F. W. tice of certain ceremonial laws but Steinthal. The year was 1911 and my friend, with no great destruc- Dr. Zwemer was to preach the first tive arguments against Islam, led of his series that evening. I could me on and on from one experience hardly follow his preaching, but to another. Week after week he after the lecture I was introduced would read from the sacred to Dr. Zwemer who, this time us- scripture and after brief devoing a mixture of Arabic, Persian

WHY 1 BECAME A CHRISTIAN

tional remarks would kneel, and I ning any of my friends for Christ, by his side. and offer prayer. In I talked of Him, because I must, his reading and expounding scrip- but soon I had to learn a new lesture and in his prayer I would find son. what I had missed all through in my previous religious experience One day during my regular visit as a Moslem and a Sufi. No mosque, no Islamic devotion could create to Rev. F. W. Steinthal I was inthat atmosphere of the presence of troduced to a European gentleman some unseen spiritual Being that who had come from the Continent I used to experience in that little or Mrica, I do not remember, and office in the upper story of Y. M. that day the usual hour of devotion C. A., facing Harrison Road. When was to be spent with him. We read St. John 1: 35-51, my attention Mr. Steinthal, blind with the eyes was directed to Andrew bringing of his flesh, would kneel, and with an uplifted face begin his prayer his brother, Simon, and to Philip with the invocation, "Our Heavenly bringing Nathanael to Christ. My Father I" it would seem that from duty was clear, I was to do some his internal eyes he could see some definite personal work, I must try one who to my eyes was still hid- to bring friends to Christ. My den. At his every word of prayer talk of Christ so far was purely my whole being would thrill, a selfish, I have spoken of Him to longing to possess Him whom he relieve my feelings, and perhaps to was addressing and through Whom show that I was spiritually in a he was asking would get hold of better state than they. This guest me. of my friend whom I never met again, whose name and face are The Fight both obliterated from my mind, has awakened a new feeling within The new experience and the new the depth of my soul. It was my revelation of my Saviour were first lesson in the theory of evanhard for me to keep as a secret to gelism which I was to put in pracmyself. I began to detest the new idea of my being known as a tice very soon. Muslim. Every mQment I would feel to cry out and say, "I am a Next day I began my practical Christian I" Oh, how hard it is to be a secret disciple. It is almost evangelism. I spoke of Christ in impossible to know Him and not a pleading and persuasive tone to to tell people of Him. I was in- a little group of young Muslims of sistent on declaring my faith and my own class. The news spread, receiving my baptism, but my "Subhan is a Christian." It spread Christian friends persisted that I and spread till in an hour's time must wait. I could not wait, bap- almost 700 students of the Madtism could be waited but my dec- rasah came to know of it. Some laration of faith was not to be were filled with rage, some were postponed. I began to speak of Christ to my class fellows and astonished and some horrified. friends. They showed their keen- Many refused to believe it, how ness to listen to what I had to tell can a Muslim turn a Christian inthem of Christ and His Gospel. So fidel. At midday when the students far I had no definite idea of win- in schools are generally released for half an hour's interval, a crowd of boys surrounded me. In a mixed attitude of horror and curiosity they were pointing me out to each

other. I at once realized that there "Take no thought how or what yo was Romething in the air. Two Rhall speak, for it shall be given big boys, and there was wicked- you in that same hour what yc ness in their eyes, and they :were shall speak," Matthew 10: 19. I armed with sticks confronted me was no master in the art of con- with a question, and then there troversy, but I could not be per- was a hush in the crowd, and the suaded to deny my Saviour. How ears were ready to catch the words could I say no, to that which I of my reply. "Are you a Chris- have known and experienced to be tian ?" I was asked. Could I say true. The scholars of the Madrasah yes, I was not baptized, the Church were baffled, the arguments of the has refused to receive me within witness to the experience of my the fold. nor was I a Muslim for life were too strong to be refuted.

I had ceased to believe in Islam. The resort was taken to threats, then what should I reply. How- but I could hardly follow them, for ever, on their insisting to know my my mind was full of such words religion I told them, "I have no re- of my Saviour "fear them not ligion at present but I believe in which kill the body …. The very Jesus Christ whom the Christians hairs of your head are all num- worship.'" Then passed several bered. Fear ye not therefore, ye words of threats, and at the sound are of more value than many spar- of the gong, announcing the hour rows. Whosoever therefore shall of class, I was left alone. In the confess me before men, him will I class a young man sat behind me confess also before my father chewing "pan" (beetlo) and he which is in heaven," Matthew 10: started painting my white clothes 28-32. The final decision was at at the back with his red spit. The last pronounced. I was to be ex- class teacher happened to notice pelled and within three days I was the mischievous young man, but a to arrange to receive my transfer voice addressed him. "Sir, Subhan certificate. As I was led back out is a Christian." He asked me of the teachers' room the boys whether I really was a Christian. rushed towards me in a threaten- My Confession in School ing attitude, but they were sent back to their classes. However the Once again I had to face the di- suffering and the insults were lemma, but I replied, "I am not a nothing as compared to the peace Christian but I believe in Jesus and joy which filled my heart. It Christ as my Saviour and my was my day of triumph, and the Lord." The teacher, an old Mus- hour was the hour of victory. I lim, seemed no less horrified than left for home before the school was the boys. There was a confusion, over, and on my way I saw Rev.

the boys were in the spirit of riot- F. W. Steinthal, and told him all ing. A short meeting of the teach- that had taken place. He reminded ers was held. and I was taken in me that it was Wednesday in Holy their midst. The door of the Week, the week of the suffering of teacher's room was besieged, there our Saviour, and with a prayer was a rush, the door was to be and words of encouragement he locked. Questions followed one sent me back to my home to face after another in quick succession, the situation. The news of my and the Lord fulfilled His promise, expulsion from school had already

WHY I BECAME A CHRISTIAN

reached my people. Angry words are his judgments, and his ways from my brother, words of affec- )last fillding out! (Rom. 11: :):).

tion from my mother, and absolute My Baptism silence from my father awaited me there. My future was uncertain, The appointment of Mr. J. H.

but I was told that my school Hickinbotham as principal of the career was to be closed. I had C. M. S. High School proved to be some Brahmo Samaji friends who an unexpected blessing for me.

were watching the religious events This apostle of Nadia District in of my life with keen interest. They Bengal, had returned from a fur- came to my rescue, and promised lough which he had taken after his to show me the better way of satis- recovery from the bullet wound fying my soul and mind. They which he had received from cer- tried to show me how I could re- tain non-Christian youth because main a Muslim and also be a fol- of his evangelistic zea1 and untir- lower of Christ. They took me to ing labor to spread the Gospel in their religious teachers, to their Bengal. He became a divine in- meetings and to their prayers. strument in goiding me further to They offered me free education in the love and fellowship of God.

their school.' But their whole thing Though misjudged, persecuted and was disappointing. Noone could often slandered, he has always be satisfied with half of Christ. been a noble example of the true With Christ there is no compro- and faithful soldier of Jesus mise. He is the Way. I could not Christ. lowe a great deal to his tolerate their system, and at last Christian virtues for my stability • I bade my Brahma friends good- in Christian faith and for the deep- bye, and have not seen any of them ening of my Christian life. Very since then. soon after his appointment he Through the efforts of Rev. F. gained my confidence. i poured W. Steinthal I was admitted to the my whole story into his ears, C. M. S. High School, Calcutta, and I opened my heart and let him see whatever I had in my mind. (now known as St. Paul's High Never had I experienced sympathy School) . so natural and spontaneous as from this missionary, who without In the beginning of the year any hesitation gave me an assur- 1912 I was left without any Chris- ance of my baptism at an earIy tian friend. Rev. F. W. Steinthal date. So far the missionaries were was away on furlough to his coun- afraid to give me any shelter, and try, Denmark, and my Principal, so I had continued to remain with Rev. S. D. Hinde, had left for Eng- my people. His first move was to land on account of his health. I was passing through a period of ask me to leave my home and be- trial. It was a time when my faith come a boarder. The evening I was being tested, tried and puri- was leaving home, my mother was fied. I had no friend for human too shocked to tell me anything or protection. But the day of my de- stop me from the step that I had liverance was nearer than I be- told her I was to take. The day lieved. Oh, the depth of the riches after I left home, my mother with of both of the wisdom and knowl- my young brother came to the edge of God! how unsearchable school to persuade me to return

home with her. As a strict Mus- treacherously towards her, make lim lady she had never been out her cry and break her heart. The before and had never stepped in- storm was surging and the tempest side any Christian building or a was slowly rising in my mind, I stranger's house. I met her, she was deeply agitated, and I felt that was all in tears. My brother told I must get up, take her hand, wipe me that she had not touched any her tears and follow her home. food since the evening I had left Now I can go with her and remain her. She had brought some food with her till I have explained along, which she would see me eat things to her, and then I can come and be satisfied. Our Western back and be baptized with her confriends realize very little the depth sent. Go with her, go with her of the love of an Oriental mother was the constant urging of my for her child. The idea of sending heart. Then suddenly above the the children to boarding house is tumult and storms the words of unbearable for the majority of In- Him who once has calmed the temdian mothers. A sick child would pestuous sea in Galilee came to my rather be allowed to die in her mind, "He that loveth father or mother's arms, than be taken to mother more than me is not a hospital and be treated properly. worthy of me," Matthew 10: 37. I gave my quiet and final reply, No wonder that many of the re- "Mother, I cannot come, I am a ligious sects in India have found Christian." an ideal conception of God in maternal qualities, and have found "You can remain a Christian at satisfaction in addressing Him as home, only do not let others know a great Mother. No wonder that of it." "I cannot do that for Jesus • Jesus Christ chose an eastern says "Whosoever shall deny me woman to be His mother, and who before men, him will I also deny can fathom the depth of her sor- before my Father which is in row at the sight of the great agony heaven." and death of her son when she stood beneath the Cross. It must Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham who so have made a sword pierce her far has been watching the struggle heart, and would have rendered from outside, with her permission the agony of her Son greater at the suffering of His mother. When- came in and joined the conversaever I think of that memorable tion. The Lord used him wonderevening when I met her, the whole fully and so guided his talk that picture of that great conflict which at last she yielded, and allowed me was to decide the battle finally, to remain in the boarding and be comes to my mind. Pleading tears baptized. It was a miracle and a of an affectionate mother are not clear case of divine intervention. to be easily forgotten, and after the lapse of 16 years I can recall, On July 18, 1912, I was received this evening, every single detail of as a catechumen in the Trinity her visit. She loved all her sons, Church in a public service, and the but she has always loved me most. following Sunday, July 7th, was No one of her sons has ever been fixed for baptism. The day before allowed to be separated from her my baptism I was to receive a leseven for a day, and I was to act son in divine confidence and trust. Since I had entered the boarding, I was carefully guarded from out- siders and was not allowed to go

even as far as the school gates. witness the ceremony. Meantime On the evening of my baptism I Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham hearing of was introduced to a Christian my absence was much upset, and preacher, his name was Babu as he with others was praying for Gyanandra Nath Biswas. He my safety, I returned and stood in highly impressed me with his ven- their midst rejoicing for the new erable appearance, wearing long experience and praising the Lord beard, and scrutinizing me with his for the new lesson in God's loving large and flaming eyes, he asked protection. The very persons who me whether I have been to my peo- were waiting for an opportunity to pIe and friends and have invited persecute me listened to my talk them to witness the baptismal and let me go unmolested. On ceremony. When I told him that July 7, 1912, at 4 p. m. I was bap- I could not do that as it was not tized in the Trinity Church, Calsafe for me to go to my Muslim cutta, by the Rev. P. N. Biswas, friends, he turned round and told and Mr. J. H. Hickinbotham and me that in his honest opinion I Babu H. C. Bhattacharya stood as was not fit to become a Christian, Godfathers. The text of the serfor I have trusted the four walls mon preached was "And when of the school, and the principal . he had received meat, he was more than God. If I really trusted, strengthened" (Acts 9: 19). God and had confidence in His The real facts of the fuller exfatherly protection why was I periences of Christian life begin afraid to face my people. Was it just where this chapter of my life because God only could save and closes. Many are the blessings protect me inside the mission which have followed me in my school, or was I afraid to seal my journey, and many are the lessons testimony by dying a martyr's which I am taught by my Master death. However, I was so much in various ways, though many have impressed that I at once left school been my disappointments, but and went to see my friends. I met great has been His favors. I still them some at school, and some at find myself very imperfect and their homes, and then I went to my weak, and so I am glad that I own people. I talked to everyone found Him for He and He alone is of them of my Saviour and the in- able to keep me to the end. How ward joy that I have received from wonderfully He has …… but that Him. I informed them of my bap- belongs to the other part of my life tism, and asked them to come and story.

KING HASSAN'S PROVERB King Hassan, well beloved, was wont to God wipes the stain of life-old battlefields say, From every morning that he brings to pass. When aught went wrong or any project failed: New day, new hope, new courage! Let this be, "Tomorrow, friends will be another day!" o soul, thy cheerful creed! What's And in that faith he slept and so pre- yesterday, vailed. With all its shards and wrack and grief, ****** * ** to thee? Forget it, then-here lies the victor's Noone, I say, is conquered till he yields; And yield he need not, while, like mist way. from glass, -Jame8 Buckham in Indian Witness.

3

NEW ERA IN HOME MISSIONS·

By REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D., New York President oj the lIorne Missions Council DURING the past year the thirty- atmo:lphere of racial conflicts and sec- eight missionary soc i e tie s tional jealousies, that call for con- which unite in the Home Mis- stant adjustments and patient persesions Council, have measurably ad- verence. If we spend our time in vanced the spiritual conquest of the idealizing, we shall not reach our spirpeoples who dwell in the American itual goals. This one thing we do, for- Continent. Only the angels of God getting the missionary rivalries and can tabulate the lives redeemed, the duplications of yesterday, for which homes sanctified, and the human in- we have been often criticised, we are stitutions vitalized, by the service of concentrating our efforts on discover- our devoted missionaries. ing the exact missionary situation in Our missionary task in America is each area, and we have set ourselves as clear as crystal. One thing we do. to do our multiform mission work We are fortunate in not having a mul- without duplication, with mutual intiplicity of activities to allure us by terest, with the least number of hutheir retreating mirages. We have man agents and with the minimum nothing to do with, and no responsi- expenditure of time and money. bility for, either advocating or bringing about the organic or any other The Home Missions Council is a type of unity of the various denomina- voluntary association of American tions. Our work is Apostolic in spirit. home mission agencies. It began its cooperative studies and labors about We live in a country all of whose twenty years ago, when the repreinhabitants can be at one time on sentatives 'of our numerous Protestant wheels and may unite in Christian worship under the spiritual guidance home mission agencies for the first of their favorite ministers, speaking time looked into each other's faces. a thousand miles away. Under these Twenty years after we meet to thank conditions it is increasingly difficult God for the holy fellowship of the to go into the highways and hedges years. The Christian musketeers of and compel the people to come and join that early day have passed on. Hardly us. We are students, however, of the one of us remembers officially "that most complex piece of missionary work famous day and year." However diffiin the world, in a continent filled with cult it may be in the East to bring peoples. from all lands with social, the Eastern and Western churches toeconomIC and civic activities still gether, ir. America we have brought evolving, in a country with the great- not only Eastern and Western, but est wealth in hand, and still greater Northern, Canadian and Southern wealth in prospect, of any nation in churches together in our widespread the world. We devise ways and means unified continental missionary labors: for reaching with the Gospel the peoples of new and neglected areas in the The progress made in the last two United States and in Canada. In this decades has been at express speed. continent, with such an admixture of Home Missions Councils have been set peoples, we go straight forward with up in several states and under some our Christian labors, but always in the name will doubtless be established in many other parts of the continent.

Areas have been allocated, over- churched communities have been • Part of the president's opening address Q.t standardized, and many thousands of tl~e Annual Home Missions Conference AtlantIc communities in the nation that are CIty, January 8, 1929. I 114 spiritually guided by a single church, of each; each working for the success are cared for with a new spirit and of all; progress by reciprocity, and with a finer wisdom. Denominations spiritual conquest through missionarlJ that twenty years ago found it diffi- cooperation. cult to care for the spiritual interests of an entire community in a single We can resolve until we dissolve and church organization have, in many never solve America's mISSIOnary places, learned a way of doing so. problems. We must carry out the Great Many over-churched communities are Commission, be resourceful, be brave, themselves adjusting their difficulties constrained by the love of Christ. as the tides of population recede or change in character, and are report- If such ideals dominate our national ing to their denominations their de- missionary labors, a new day will be CISlOns. Certain racial groups have ushered in, whose sun, please God, organized for mutual improvement will not set until the Kingdom of and .stimulation, and other racial Heaven comes in our beloved America. groups closely allied have made new The missionary pace makers of today coordinations that promise a richer will be the spiritual peace makers of fellowship. tomorrow.

Mission leaders long in service, out The peoples of the nations have not of their rich experience, have set up come to us by accident, but through a standards for city planning and for divine urge. All the world is in Amerrural church arrangements. The vo- ica. For example, we may meet more luminous data, gathered so indus- Jews, while passing today from triously, and so brilliantly interpreted Brooklyn Bridge to Fourteenth Street by the leaders of the Institute pf So- in New York City, than Jesus met in cial and Religious Research, has made all His journeys from Nazareth to easier our mission work in rural, Jerusalem. Do we not see in this town, urban and suburban areas. God's hand and His challenge? So far as our missionary forces can do Primarily our task is to do our so, let us unite in a radiant spiritual complicated mission work in a con- fellowship and join the crusade for a tinent seething with social and eco- peaceful conquest of the many millions nomic changes and to do it always of unchurched Americans, both new without duplication of agencies and and old, and win. them lovingly and with a united Protestant front. We patiently to the service of our Lord have not yet attained, but we follow and Master. May God keep our ears after to apprehend. Weare, there- open to the divine command, make our fore, not only undertaking the gather- hands strong for mission service, ing of data, the surveying of fields and cause our feet to be shod with the the disposing of our various denom- preparation of the gospel of peace, inational missionary forces in a sen- both denominational and interdenomsible· and Christian manner, but we inational, both national and internaare trying also so to vitalize our work tional and our hearts to throb with that the peoples in our missionary a love for each other, for God and for areas shall be thrilled with our spirit all men. and catch the vision of God for their lives. We must do this for the sake Today we toil apart; tomorrow we of the peoples of America. They can triumph together. The spiritual bankbe saved only through missionaries ruptcy of millions in this continent who do not collide with each other, .calls us to fresh missionary endeavor, but clasp hands in a new followship. and as we are striving in America to Our key-words may well be: reach the goals set before us by our Lord, American Christians will cross No missionary effort dupZicated; no the seas in a new exodus to win the community neglected; no missionary peoples of all nations to accept the lunds wasted; all studying the work Saviour and to make every land a holy land for Him.

KRVS WHO HAVE

THE TEST BY REV. WALTER B. AND MAUDE WILLIAMS, Liberia, West Africa TOOK upon some results of body performing all sorts of gym- L Christian i n v est men t of nastic stunts as he tried to keep prayer and money in West right-side up while holding to the Africa's corner of Christ's Kingdom. Just a few, staunch Kru rope around the hind legs of the rearing, kicking bull.

Christians! There are many waBs eafno roeut-hains d-coount vheerastiohne~ Sakey others equally as interesting as a bold these; like them, "called to be and resourceful opposer to the Gos- saints," bearing faithful testimony pel being planted upon the Kru to the saving and keeping power of Coast. Those were the days of our Lord. * hitter hatred and persecution of all We introduce, first of all, Broth- native Christians. And what a er Paul Sakey of Niffoo, licensed leader Sakey was! He has told us exhorter in the Martha Nah Meth- how he would watch his chance, odist Episcopal Church. His age locate the tree under whose pro- is unknown but his physical tecting shade the native evangelist strength is tremendous and well and his followers would gather for balanced by his spiritual power. service, climb into it-and lie low.

Tirelessly he will preach all night While the preacher would warm to throughout the town, warning the his subject, Sakey would watch- people to forsake their sins and fully wait. At the moment of turn to God. He knows no fear, pressing home the sacred truth, this devout Christian, always in Sakey would suddenly let go the church, always forceful in purpose. branch that held him and delib- Yet in manner he is as humble as a erately fall from that height onto child. Though he can thunder the preacher below, knocking him from the pulpit, he will not dis- down and sending the audience in- dain the lowliest work for the to peals of laughter. It was not Master. Last District Conference, only the evangelist who suffered.

when husky men were needed to Sometimes Sakey himself was pilot the conference bull from the hurt; nearly all his front teeth Mission to the seat of Conference were knocked out this way. But eighteen miles away, Sakey took he was willing to suffer to drive the lead, his white robes flying out God-palaver.

wildly in the breeze and his tall At other times he would content himself with simply dropping us:J~~ishai~a~es;{:gsa~i tE;SI~~~'st:~~~g!m:~g down a ten-pound ripe breadfruit abe~~~sa~~ L~~lerii~' er.:n~~~n~le<;:~~n K:::;o~~ upon the preacher's head. When ripe fruit mashes on a preacher's strain. 'l'his atmosphere of dissent, suspicion and personal animosities in the tribps is so easy head and Sunday clothes, there is to arouse, so dJJllcult to allay. It hnmpers some mess and smell.

~~;'I,:~~si~~~r;,,:o::e s~~n~it~~~t a~ls~l~iia~~ ~~%~'ii' ~~ ~~~: ~~~ne:o u~~~~~~r t&~~! ~t!~~ All kind of tricks the fertile ~~~I:i: ~~7~{r.y~'~rJ..ayers and cooperation brain of Sakey evolved to disturb 116

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

preaching. But the silent leaven In a business sense he is one of of the Gospel was at work, and on our most valuable men.

this Kru Coast as on a certain For over twenty-five years he Damascus road long ago, Christ has been preaching, and for a large arrested the disturber of His on- part of that time without pay. His ward march. Rightly was Sakey life is above reproach. He is spir- baptized in the name of Paul. He, itually-minded and of sterling too, is a miracle of grace. When character, and has much of Peter I see him sitting in church, so Cartwright's ruggedness in his quiet, so reverent, so devout, I make-up and method of preaching.

often wonder what would have be- He is wonderfully gifted in speech, come of such a forceful personality and a powerful evangelist. We had not the magnet of Christ's look at him, praise God for him- Gospel drawn him with irresistible and we ponder the road of his pil- power to the Cross of Christ, grimage before he stood steady on where his restless nature found its higher ground.

outlet in Christian service. When In the early years of our ac- the Lord Jesus captured Paul quaintance I built Ben a large Sakey, He got a real man, with the house in Bethany, which has grace of an angel, the humanity of grown to be the largest Christian Moses, the earnestness of the mission town on the coast. To it Apostle Paul and the loving, loyal he brought his wife and babies.

heart of John. His wife, however, fell ill with a An Adventure in Patience disease we did not understand and could not help. As she failed to Ben Cofa Nua, another Kru con- improve Ben carried her back to vert, represents, to us missionaries, the native village from which they an adventure into the kingdom of had come. To our surprisepatience, long suffering and en- though we were strangers to Kru durance-on our side as well as psychology – Ben changed from his. After fourteen years' close that day from a mission worker to intercourse with him, we find him a secret, and then an open enemy. one of Methodism's outstanding He let the house at Bethany decay, Kru evangelists, poorly educated refusing to look after it, though but possessing great power in we had gone to much trouble and preaching and marked ability in raising money to build churches expense in building it for him. He allied himself with an element in his village who were opposing our wherever he is stationed as pastor. work, and as he was a powerful He receives $80 a year salary and fighter, he gave us much heartache during 1926 he brought in $260 for and trouble. But in this lonely the new church at Niffoo, besides outpost on the Kru Coast, God raising the usual collections there. fought hard for His work and This year, 1927, he is at Sobobo, workers and the Mission won out.

endeavoring to build an iron Finally Ben came; begged us to church. He walks the thirty miles forgive him for the wrong he had to this station. His month's salary done; wept like a child. He had is £1. 7. 9 (almost $7.00) and he lost almost everything. His child brings with him from $12 to $15 had died. His wife had not im- a week in church building funds. proved in health. The prodigal re-

turned, and like the prodigal of old cassava farms, and saved the heads received pardon and restoration. of the town and the chiefs from For awhile he ran well. His being hanged as traitors. Ben had wife improved somewhat. Another a second fit of repentance, again baby was born. Then we saw plead with tears for pardon and that he was changing again. Again restoration to favor, and for the Ben started on the war path. It second time moved back to the mis- proved to be a long, bitter struggle. sion.

He put the Noreh Church which we During the war the idol or ju-ju had recently dedicated, against us houses had been burned, but their and drove us out of our church in beautiful brass bells were saved.

that village. The fight lasted for These bells had been dedicated to several years; then the Kru Re- the idols, but the red flower of fire bellion against the Liberian Gov- had devoured the idols and there ernment broke out. We did every- was no place left to put the bells.

thing to stop this unwise course of So a chief said: "Why not give the tribes but without avail. Men them to the Methodist Mission?

told us they had been planning this The Mission saved us and fed us war for forty years. Ben used to and got our land back again; give walk up and down outside the mis- the bells to the Mission." So one sion fence, brandishing a cutlass in fine bell was turned over to us and the air and shouting: "Any Amer- we put it outside our church, and ican man live on this place? Let a second bell was placed in the him come out and I will kill him." church at Kah.

The threats were directed, not Then Ben started a tempest for against us mISSIOnaries, but the third time and he fought the against a Liberian student. Ben Mission for receiving and holding was trying to terrify the students this brass bell. The ju-ju wor- and to break up our school. shipers struggled, too, to get these Then the Frontier soldiers came. bells back. We refused to return Ben's town was burned and his them and to allow them to be put people were driven into the forest back in rebuilt ju-ju houses, since where, for weeks. the Mission fed they had been used in our Meth- them. Ben, himself, barely escaped odist churches. Then a hard, stub- with his life, having to crawl on born fight ensued.

all fours along the ground with his Ben went to the County Superin- sick wife upon his back. Before tendent in Greenville and sued to the soldiers left the Coast, he with recover the bell. We won the case.

many another was a "man without Ben was beaten ? Not he. He a country." took the case to Monrovia. I fol- When the war was over the Mis- lowed him and employed legal help.

sion helped Ben's tribe to get back The case was taken to President from the Government the land they Daniel E. Howard and our church had forfeited by rebelling. The won again. Ben was threatened Mission protected the cocoanut wit h imprisonment. He was trees of that town which neighbor- warned that if he did not stop fight- ing people were trying to destroy. ing the Mission his town should be The Mission also helped that tribe burned all over again by the Gov- get settled again on its old site, ernment. He returned, defeated.

made possible the replanting of its But not wholly cast down.

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

He went to his village and shut three are in the church and all up the church there against us and three have been taught in our mis- for two years held possession until sion school. "Do your converts the town people grew tired of his stay converted?" is sometimes foolishness and asked me to send asked. Mary Tallah is one of our them a proper preacher. They answers in the affirmative. She persisted until I sent them a man has led a good life and has kept who held the Sunday morning serv- close to the church for over twenty ice there. When church was out, years.

along came Ben with a crowd be- Next to Mary Tallah stands hind him. Said the chief: "Where Martha Nah of Niffoo; she built are you going?" the new Methodist church in Nif- "To hold church," said Ben. foo which bears her name. A "We've had church once," re- strong woman in more ways than plied the chief, "and one time is one! She was fearless in fighting enough; we don't want it again." all the town chiefs about breaking Then, as Ben tried to pass him and the Lord's Day, and she has suf- go into the church, the chief took fered much persecution for her his stand at the church door and faith and loyalty. Not long ago said: "If you put your foot again her husband, stimulated by a visit in this church I will break your to a bush devil doctor, emphasized head open with this stick." He his remarks to his wife by a blow meant it. Ben's power was broken with his fist, which knocked out a forever in that direction. That front tooth. The loss of the tooth same night a wild storm of wind was followed by the loss of a hus- swept over the town and blew a band, for he discarded Christian large breadfruit tree down on the Martha Nah and took another church, smashing that palaver- woman, a heathen. Martha has church to fragments. No other suffered, but she walks with un- trees fell. faltering tread the "straight and Ben came back once more to the narrow way."

Mission, and this time to stay. He The tall lady in black velvet robe did not weep puddles of repentance from "down Coast" is Martha Gib- as before. He said very little be- belu, the faithful class leader and yond stating that he had "finished steward in our mission church.

fighting the Mission." Today he is This strong, dignified, elderly one of the most faithful, useful and woman is a constant delight. Full efficient native evangelists on the of humor, always industrious, see- Kru Coast. But great patience ing to it that her own children and and long-suffering were needed be- grandchildren are in the church fore this position was attained! and school, she pursues the even We introduce next our good Kru tenor of her way, supporting her- sisters, three Marthas and one self by her cassava farm and mak- Mary-good Kru Christians all. ing a steady income of fifty cents At the extreme left stands Mary a week by washing and ironing Tal1ah, Ben Cofa Nua's sister, who clothes. It was her daughter who lives in Bethany Town. She is a at the time of the eclipse rushed up widow, who has struggled to give to the Mission, crying: "Do-wy, a Christian education to her three Konyo" ("Good morning, Lord").

daughters, with the result that all Martha Gibbelu is looked up to by

all the Kru women in our section. she lives today. She is a steward She teaches the Adult Bible Class and is faithful to her church duties in our church, and is a steady-go- and daily living. No other woman ing Christian one can depend on. on the Coast has been so signally Last stands Martha Konweh. used of God to open up the road for Those who remember how the Gos- the gospel message to reach a pel made the first break in the whole tribe, and a ruling tribe at Nana Kru tribe after three years that, and a stronghold of devil of fruitless preaching, and eigh- doctors. When the fire burns, teen months of daily prayer in the Martha Konweh becomes a flaming Mission, will recall how God used torch for the Master.

Martha Konweh, who at that A Christian Kru Family period was a devil-woman, trained in witchcraft and idolatry, one of After meeting Martha Konweh the five wives of Webah, the Nana you will like to see what her Kru War Chief. former war-chief husband and his It was Martha Konweh, back in family look like today. Isaac the Nana Kru Plantation Town, Webah in white coat and American who got up from her bed that shirt does not look quite so pic- memorable' night, aroused from turesque as in the native robe he sleep, she affirms, by "God Who told sometimes wears on special occa- her to go through the town and sions. This is the man who cleaned shout to the people to turn from all the jU-jU8 out of his interior ju-jus and devil worship and be- town and burned them. He dug gin to follow God," at the hour up all the devil medicine from the when the missionary, miles away, ground at the threshold of each rose from his knees with the as- house in his village and threw it surance that his prayer of eighteen away – medicine that had been months was answered and he need bought from devil doctors as a sure pray no longer for God to make a preventive against evil persons or break for the Gospel in the Nana spirits entering the houses to bring Kru tribe. sickness or death on the inmates.

Martha Konweh's faithful and He had made and set up in front persistent (and annoying) be- of his own house a tall cross-a havior drove her husband, Webah, lonely Cross back there in the to send down to our mission for jungle – as a sign that he had the missionary to go to the planta- finished with ju-jus and was fol- tion and "talk God-palaver" to lowing God. Webah, former war them. A revival followed. Webah chief, on his baptism chose the put away his many wives, Martha peaceable name of Isaac. Webah Konweh among the rest (and she legally married Mary, who stands didn't want to lose Webah), legally beside him, and has put all his married the wife he retained, was children into our mission school.

baptized, and these many years has Little Mary is in the First Reader; been living a consistent Christian Jacob in the Second; and David life. Manneh, a fourth grade student, Deprived of a husband, Martha is on our staff of teachers. Last Konweh made her home on this May, Manneh married one of our station. We built her a comfort- mission girls and lives in Bethany.

able little house in Bethany, where A valuable set of young people,

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

these, training for efficient service. a message up to this mission; was Manneh is also a licensed local cut with a knife, hidden away in preacher; Isaac Webah is an ex- the bush under a cotton tree by horter. Where whole families are day and brought into the Cabor saved for the Lord and are receiv- Fish Town by night for food; was ing Christian training for effective finally killed and eaten by the service in the Kingdom, there is Cabor people in their town not special reason for rejoicing. Some three minutes' walk from our sta- Cleveland Methodists are putting tion. Part of the child's body was these three young Webahs through put over the fire and the fat caught school. J in a bottle and carried down to Amos Wrubu-Tried and True Sanpropo for war medicine. The murderer confessed to the crime Vividly interesting, too, is the and died of the sasswood test on story of this old, old friend, Amos the beach.

Wrubu of Wissipo, who was for Prior to the murder of his little years such a help and such a boy, Wrubu had driven away one hindrance to our work. A help, of his wives who was, it is said, a for he was always present at very wicked woman. She stole her church, always ready to render any baby girl, Jitueh, and carried the service asked of him save one! A child far into the interior. Wrubu hindrance, because he would not sought in vain for his little daugh- break away from polygamy and ter, but could not discover where by his example held all the young she was. The child was carried men of his tribe from breaking many days' walk from the beach, this chain which keeps so many and grew up in new surroundings, Kru men out of the Kingdom. A wild and heathen. The mother, heart-to-heart talk with the mis- being in want one day, sold the sionary one day led Wrubu, with little girl to a man for some rice tears in his eyes, to declare: to eat, and in time this man took "Teacher, I will hear what you the child and carried her still say; I will give up my other farther away. It seemed as though woman." she was lost forever to her father, "When, Wrubu?" flashed out the Wrubu.

question. Stranger than any fiction are the HI fit to do it now," came the facts that follow. Jitueh's mother solemn assurance, and it was done. came under the influence of Pente- So Amos Wrubu was baptized and costal missionaries. She fell ill with him came his wife and all his and very close to death. Hovering children, another entire Christian on the borderland, her dying la- family. All the years we have ment was always the same: "Oh, known and loved this man, so in- if only I could see my little girl be- fluential in his tribe, we have never fore I die!" The kind-hearted mis- heard a word against his moral sionary, Mr. Garlick, soothed her character, never a suspicion of with the promise: "I will go and tarnish on his good name. But he try and get your child for you."

has suffered for the faith! Taking some native boys with Thirteen years ago his little boy him, he started in search of the was seized by witchcraft followers girl who was known to be three or on the public road while bringing four days' walk in the jungle.

Arriving at the village he was ened their knives on big stones, bound for, he was told that Jitueh yelling: "Bring her. Bring her."

was not there. Too tired to move Mr. Garlick was quite cool, out- he sat resting and watching the wardly at least. "No," he an- women pass with their water jars swered, "take your money. I will on their heads. Suddenly one of never give up the girl." When his boys touched him and whis- they realized he meant to take the pered: "Look, here is Jitueh girl at any cost and could not be Wrubu coming." frightened out of doing it, they He asked them to let him have capitulated. "Give us the money," the girl. He produced money to they demanded and received it, redeem her. He spoke of the dying shouted, cursed, but turned back mother's plea. But the tribe home~ turned a deaf ear. They obsti- The missionary reached the misnately insisted: "We no fit to give sion house in time for the dying mother to see her daughter. her to you. Go away." No less iirmly the intrepid mis- "Thank God," cried the woman, sionary declared: "I will not leave and the same night she died. The until I get her to carry to her dy- little girl was afterwards baptized ing mother:" His own boys said Ruth after the missionary's wife.

earnestly: "Teacher, go easy. When the work in that part of the These are wild people. They no interior was abandoned and the care about killing man out here. Pentecostal mIssIOnaries went The soldiers never come here. home, Mr. Garlick's brother-in-law Don't stir these people up. One brought the girl to our Mission and time they caught an officer and left her with us for a Christian killed him and hung his head across education. So was she reunited to this street on a big rope. We beg her father, Amos Wrubu. She is you, come away." in the Nana Kru Mission today, For several days the palaver growing into attractive Christian lasted. The missionary prayed womanhood.

and prayed. Then, tired out with As though Wrubu had not suf- their delays, he said to the bush fered enough, a testing of peculiar people: "Tomorrow I take her to difficulty for a Kru man to bear her mother." They replied: "We was visited upon him for his loyal- will kill you if you do." ty to this Mission. For two years Next morning at cock crow the he and his family, who had been dauntless missionary walked boldly the leading family in Wissipo, were to the house where Jitueh was and ostracized by the tribe. Noone took her. A shout went through visited them. No one spoke to the town. A mass of black hu- them. They were left absolutely manity with drawn knives surged alone. To a people who do every- towards him, shouting: "Take thing in companies, ostracism is her, and you die." On went the well-nigh unbearable. But Wrubu missionary until at a small village stood the test and came forth vic- a few miles away he was sur- torious.

rounded by the mob. Inside a hut An unscrupulous native man, he prayed, for he was quite uncer- Paul Nikkeh, had been driven from tain as to the outcome. Outside Settra Kru for stealing govern- that hut the fierce wild men sharp- ment property. He ran to Wis-

CHRISTIAN KRUS WHO HAVE STOOD THE TEST

sipo, announcing that he was a They declared they would hold Nik- Wissipo man. He went to the keh, and so we withdrew.

Methodist church-the whole town To protect the church we ap- at that time was a Methodist com- pealed to the authorities in Sinoe.

munity-and Wrubu, our steward, The Superintendent called the allowed him to speak from the plat- chief, told him to be quiet and stop form. It is one of the failings of fighting and let the Methodist the Kru people, letting any stran- church alone. The chief and peo- ger that comes along preach to ple said they would agree if the them in their churches. That is Mission would drive out Wrubu one reason the Christian work for he had caused this trouble by needs such constant oversight. letting the stranger speak in the The man greatly stirred the Wis- Methodist church. We refused to sipo people by promising to be drive from the church a man who had stood so faithfully for it these their preacher and to teach school many years. So the town ostrain their town, and he dwelt upon cized Wrubu and his family. his being a Wissipo man. For years this town had asked us to For two years we patiently have a missionary put there. Each waited. Nikkeh held the fort.

Kru village, no matter how small, With a band of his followers he wants the prestige of a missionary would come singing past the Misof its own. That, too, is character- sion to show us that he was in istic of the clannishness of the control. One day, having taken Krus. One town will not join with possession of all the church collecanother in any good work. The tions, he went away on pretense next Sunday when our preacher of buying school books for the Wiswent to his Wissipo appointment sipo children-and he never went back. He went to Monrovia and as usual he was met by the church then to America with the avowed people with the statement that he purpose of getting money from the need come no more as they had churches there. their own country boy to preach and teach their school. We had a warning against this unscrupulous native printed in our Wrubu came to see us. In such church papers, for we learned he cases two roads are open to us- intended to pass off as a Methodist either to continue to send our man and make the round of Methodist and, quietly go on with our work, churches. Money given to such ignoring the opposing element; or men does not go into missionary to leave the people alone to have work. Yet, from a charge in the their fill of the man of their choice, West, a woman Sunday-school suknowing that in the end their eyes perintendent who had read the will be opened and they will return warning in the Advocate wrote to the fold. We chose the latter course. that the young man had spoken in her church to the great interest We forbade Nikkeh to use the and benefit of the people and they Methodist church for we knew him had gladly given him money. She to be a dishonest man. We called thought that we mi!;;sionaries were a council of the Wissipo people, very narrow and unjust to write asked them what they wanted, such things against such a fine warned them against this stranger., young man.

In the long months of his ab- members. It was a glad day for sence the Wissipo people had a the Wrubu family, as well as for chance to consider. They did not Wissipo. Through all the testing enjoy being cut off from church the Wrubus had never faltered. privileges and fellowships. While Nikkeh waS in charge in Wissipo You have looked into the faces he let devil doctors and ju-jus come of these Kru Christians who are back again. The people followed in the Kingdom and carrying forthe advice of devil doctors as to ward the work of the Church of the time of cutting their farms, today and tomorrow, because you and they lost everything. They at home have thought it worth began to be hungry, and to talk while to support the Nana Kru over the "old times" when the Mis- Mission, the only Protestant mission was their friend and they al- sion operating now on the Kru ways had plenty to eat. Then one Coast of Liberia, a section a hunor two began to say "Good morn- dred miles in length, reaching far ing" to Wrubu. One of their boys back to the interior boundary. -for some time a student in our These are only a few of the many mISSIOn school-returned from who have benefited by the self-decoast and, set himself to bring nial, prayers and money of Ameriabout peace. In the end the church can Christians. While all this people built a bamboo and thatch Christian training has been going church to replace the Methodist on, the church at home has cut us church which had rotted and fallen, down the budget for this mission and last Christmas a delegation fifty per cent. In spite of that, how came to make peace and be re- wonderfully God has wrought with stored to the privileges of church the gifts sent for His use on the Kru Coast!

MANY Ah'RICAN WOMEN, WHO ATTEND CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS, WISH THEIR FRIENDS TO HAVE A CHANCE TO LEARN ALSO, so THEY FORM CLASSES AMONG THEIR NEIGHBORS AND TEACH THE!l-I WHAT '.rHEY THEMSELVES HAVE LEARNED

FEDERAL COUNCIL

BY CHARLES STELZLE, New York T WENTY years ago the Fed- in the future the various denomi- eral Council of the Churches nations could work together more of Christ in America con~ effectively in certain fields which had to do purely with propaganda sisted of a "Corresponding Sec- retary" and a Secretary. True and the creation of opinion than if enough there were several commis- each group worked independently, sions, but none of them was par- as for example, in the field of soticularly active. .Today there are cial service, international justice about eighty on the staff of the and good will, the race problem, Federal Council in its New York Christian education, the Church office. There are fifteen commis- and the drama.

sions and committees, with execu- The morning discussions at the tive secretaries in charge, all of Rochester meeting were based them putting out material that is upon a Data Book prepared by the challenging the churches of Ameri- Research Department, each theme ca. Instead ·of a $15,000 budget of having to do with certain fields twenty years ago, the Federal covered in the Church's activities.

Council last year had a budget of Calling attention to the "World $375,000. Community," it was stated: At the sixth quadrennial meet- Applied science has reduced the ing of the Council in Rochester, world to the dimensions of a single in December, the twentieth anni- neighborhood. No people today is isoversary of its organization was lated from the others. The consular celebrated. The four hundred dele- representative, the motion picture pro- moter, the tourist, the business agent gates, represented twenty – eight of the West are found all over the denominations with a constituency world. And the East, in turn, comes of about twenty million members. to the West. Nearly ten thousand They discussed the problems fac- foreign students are in the United ing the Church today in the city, States. For good or for ill the nathe country, the nation and the tions now share a common life. world, and listened to reports of progress presented by various com- The way in which the United States missions and committees. influences the rest of the world can be The Federal Council has made simply illustrated by the motion picno specific attempts to bring the ture. Today the American film goes churches together in organic un- everywhere. In Paris, in Vienna, in ion; the chief aim has been to Calcutta and Shanghai millions every unite them in service, thus making day get impressions of American life them better acquainted with each by what they see on the screen. The other and bringing about a more American trade representatives is likeharmonious spirit and a clearer wise found everywhere. Where once the missionary was almost the sole understanding which will eventu- interpreter of the West to the East, ally result in greater unity in ec- today the motion picture and the clesiastical relationships. At the business interests are everywhere con- Rochester meeting it was felt that spicuous, if not always accurate, ex- ponents of American standards and ideals.

125

The total merchandise exports and ing Quadrennium." During this imports of the United States for the period the commissions of the calendar year 1927 are reported at Council made their reports. At the $4,864,806,000 and $4,184,378,~00, re- evening public meetings national spectively. It is estimated that m 1927 and international topics were dis- Americans abroad expended $770,000,- cussed by such speakers as Dr. 000 and that the total investments of Robert E. Speer, who spoke on Americans in foreign lands at present "The World's Need and the Gospel are approximately $12,000,000,000, ex- to Meet It"; Dr. S. Parkes Cadcluding war debts owed to the Uni~ed man, on "The Genius of the States Treasury. Thus are our m- Protestant Movement and Its Conterests and prosperity intimately in- tribution to the Life of Mankind" ; Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, on "Cooperatertwined with those of other lands. tion"; and the Rev. E. Stanley One of the most conspicuous phases Jones, of India, on "The Christ of the Final Word." of the world's life today is the great tide of nationalistic spirit that is Dr. Warnshuis, secretary of the sweeping across many nations. II Es- International Missionary Council, pecially in the Near East and Far spoke on "Cooperation in the East is this a dominant factor, af- World-Wide Christian Movement" fecting all other interests. Turkey and said in part: struggling to be master of her own fuonritfuiendes~ovCehrinnmaensttriavnidngtotoseactutraeinrea- The facts of the extent to which lease from unequal treaties, India, cooperation has developed in the for- Egypt and the Philippines demanding eign missionary work of the churches ought to be better known. Union self-determination, are only the more institutions are some of the most conobvious manifestations of a temper crete evidences of missionary cooperathat is well-nigh universal. tion. A list prepared in January, 1928, gives the names of 113 union The foreign missionary enterprise, educational institutions supported by which is the most direct assertion of foreign missionary boards. Seventy the world-character of Christianity, different boards representing almost takes on an immensely enhanced sig- every Protestant communion, coopernificance in the light of the new eco- ate in these union institutions. These nomic interdependence of the nations institutions include all grades of and the growth of international re- schools from the kindergarten to the university, but it is noteworthy that lationships in the political realm. there are more union theological sem- The missionary enterprise has re- inaries and Bible schools than any other kind of schools. Where it might sulted in the rise of a Christian have been supposed that it was most movement which has become really difficult to bring the teaching forces conscious of a world-wide character together, just there it has been most and able to express itself on a world practical. Why can we do this in Asia scale. While it would be easy to point and not in America? Who can be out many conditions which limit this surprised that church union is so far statement and many factors which are advanced in Asia, Africa and Latin standing in the way of the develop- America, when the preachers and pasment of an indigenous church in many tors receive their training in union lands it is clear that a Christian colleges and seminaries? churdh increasingly expressive of the genius of its own people is coming Another form of cooperation is that into being in practically all the fields by which the missions by mutual where the missionary movement has agreement delimit the territory in become well rooted.

The general theme for the after- noon sessions was "Programs of Cooperative Service for the Com-

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL ANNIVERSARY

which each will work. In this' way a The Reformation period which pro- group of missions occupy a province duced the Protestants was so crowded and the whole number endeavor to with major personalities and events bring their message to all the people. that the numerous volumes written There is very little overlapping. upon it have ill sufficed to do it justice. People who talk of that simply exhibit A political and religious upheaval then their ignorance. The criticism, if any occurred which ushered in modern is to be made, should tackle the other democracy, the freedom of learning, side of the question. In some respects scientific progress, and the liberty of there is not enough overlapping. The conscience which men enjoy. The sesituation is such that a person who cession of European states from Papal lives in one country, if he becomes a control was the final and most notable Christian, is foreordained to be a phase of the decline of the majestic Methodist, because there is no other church of the Middle Ages.

church there; and another person liv- This epoch making transfer was ac- ing in another country, on becoming complished to the lasting advantage of a Christian has no free choice to be civil and religious liberty, but it also anything but a Presbyterian; and an- involved the 108s of Christian oneness other person in another country if he and ecclesiastical uniformity. The is converted to Christianity cannot be great name of John Calvin suggests a other than a Congregationalist, or an all that was most formidable and most Anglican, or Quaker, or a Lutheran, victorious in Protestantism as the as the case may be, depending upon parent of the Modern State. Upon the mission to which that country is this solitary Frenchman of Picardy assigned in the division of territory. rested the gigantic burdens of the new We cannot do better than that with movement. In a controversy which the small forces available to cover drove even sensible and cautious men such immense areas contained in the to the last extremity, he had to uphold continents of Asia, Africa and Latin and forward the inspiring but more America. emotional onset of Luther. Through- Moreover, there is much real coop- out the negotiations and conflicts of a eration between these missions in that stormy time one perceives the curate, while working in different territories, they are not founding each a separate the strategy, the psychic force of the Genevan giant.

church. On the contrary, the results Divisiveness is not congenital to of their work are gathered in united Protestantism. Quite otherwise, its churches or churches that from the central stronghold is neither a Creed beginning have been an organic unity. nor a Book, but a Person and a Life.

In China we have recently seen a We, as disciples of one Master, cannot nation-wide church organized, with forever cooperate in a guilty partner- which the missions of sixteen de- ship of limited liability with political nominations cooperate, including Pres- bodies organized, regardless of the byterians from the U. S., Canada, honor of God. We cannot countenance England, Scotland, Ireland, Australia, what He annuls nor consent that feuds Congregationalists from England and which have lost interest for thinking America; United Brethren and Eng- men and women shall always separate lish Baptists. the holy brotherhood. For all thus Dr. Cadman, the retiring presi- convinced, the Federal Council is at dent of the Federal Council of once a clearing house and a fortress. Churches, spoke on "The Genius of In cooperative service rendered by the Protestant Movement and Its Christians who surmount denomina- Contribution to the Life of Man- tional lines is the secret of future suc- cess, and the assurance of Heaven's kind." He said: guidance.

One of the inspiring addresses Jews and Christians working hand- was delivered by Rabbi Philip S. in-hand. Every effort to improve the social and economic, the political an(l Bernstein of Temple B'rith Kodesh spiritual conditions in our community of Rochester. It was the first time should meet with our common support. that a Rabbi had spoken at a meeting of the Council, and this young There is a common element in exponent of Judaism was listened our religions which transcends our to with rapt attention. Discussing churches and our rituals-a vision of the causes of misunderstanding be- a better world that is to be, and of tween Jews and Christians, he a humanity loftier and finer than has been known; a vision that takes us said: out of ourselves and lifts us to high The worst crimes committed against endeavor and heroic sacrifice, in order my people in the course of their long, that we may speed the coming of the bloody, tear-stained history were often day when humanity shall be freed in His name whom you revere as from disease and poverty, exploitation Christ. I was in Poland three years and tyranny, war and famine.

ago and visited, one day, a little vil- In a report presented by Dr. lage called Gura, Kalvarya, where a Charles S. Macfarland, General famous rabbi ministered to an old con- Secretary of the Federal Council, gregation. ,I talked with the young entitled "Twenty Years in Retromen in that synagogue about many things. I remember asking one of spect," after reviewing the work them whether the attitude toward of the Council during this period, Jesus had changed. He said, "Jesus?" he emphasized the importance of and spat upon the ground. It was a the spiritual element in any proterrible thing for him to have done. It was obvious that he who was more gram for the future, and said: enlightened felt no ·differently toward Jesus than many of his ancestors. I We have sought group and consultried to learn the reason and dis- tative, rather than personal leadercovered finally that this boy's family ship. So far as this is true is it not had been done to death before his eyes because, to quote our constitution, we by Russian Cossacks who came to have sought to manifest our. "essential them with the name of Christ up.on oneness in Jesus Christ as Divine their lips. Lord and Saviour?" Where Christ is leader all are followers.

It is well to keep in mind that the The Federal Council must ever seek unJewish attitude of many Jews to- to lead the churches to the Mountain ward Jesus is owing primarily to the of Transfiguration and if it does, there unchristian acts of many Christians to will be found One who will Himself Jews. You have made it difficult for lead them to the plain below of hu- Jews to understand and love Jesus. I man life and service.

speak not only of eastern Europe The demons that we seek to cast where Eastertime is still an occasion out, of social wrong, of prejudice, of when many Jews live in trembling race, of ignorance and of brutal warand fear; I speak also of what has this kind cometh out only by fasting happened and is happening in America. and by prayer.

We have much to do in common. And if, in this spirit, we sit to- We are citizens of a great republic. gether during these days, just as our Let us together try to keep that re- brethren of twenty years ago were public true to the loftiest teachings of clearly led of God, so we shall find both our faiths. In our community His will, for the days and years ahead, there is much of God's work that we as we now turn our faces from the can do together. Every effort, for ex- past and seek His guidance for a ample, to better Rochester should find larger, fuller future. EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York The following materials and methods The two flew at each other as the passhould be helpful to those missionary sengers responded to the "All On educationists, whether pastors, Sunday- Board." The boys rolled over and over school missionary department super- in each other's embrace in an attempt visors, or program chairmen of women's to settle that "Guinea, guinea goo" groups, who are trying to make the question which today stands facing United States segment of the missionary the Christian Church. enterprise live in the hearts and minds of their groups. It is not what the eye Those who, during the past years, sees, but what the mind comprehends have been studying this problem, state that stirs folks, both old and young, to by state, city by city, countryside by action. Arrest attention through the countryside, know that it is now neceye; drive the truth home with facts essary for all Christians to put themthat compel the mind to think con- selves to the task of finding a way cretely; present immediately produc- to bring the entire mass of all races tive channels through which this deposit living in the United States to the place of thought may operate. where we unite those whose vision is skyward, thus forcing more rapidly the ABOUT a quarter of a century ago upward trend toward the Christ, the the brilliant Mary Anton, who had Redeemer of all peoples. Let us not come to "The Promised Land" as an shun the use of the name of the Christ immigrant, while standing on one of in talking with others concerning Pittsburgh's bridges and looking down moral and general uplift pr(lblems; it on the "Hell with the lid off" steel has power in it. mills, with their surrounding huts, wrote on a scrap of paper the follow- "The butcher, the baker, the candleing: stick maker" is thinking of religion Down yonder she sits in the half-<>pen and of GC'd more than we guess. door; 'Tis plain she has never had time to Illustrations: After taking an X- before. ray of her teeth which was so much But all is so stl"ange cares. to her! nobody more speedily done than she had ex- pected, the doctor, an eminent one, They all pass her by with wondering was almost shrinkingly asked if he stares. knew what the X-ray machine com- pelled her to think of; when he in- Twenty-five years ago a passenger sisted upon hearing and she had told was waiting at a New York dock for him: "The eyes of the Lord are in a Fall River boat. He heard this bit every place," to her amazement he unof United States history in the mak- hesitatingly replied: "As I have been ing, which took the form of a quarrel experimenting with this machine that between two little bootblacks, one of same thought has come to me over and whom spoke United States English, over again. Truly, I am wondering the other, broken Italian. The little if it ·is not about time for another United Stateser said tauntingly, great prophet-or something."

"Guinea, guinea goo, shine my shoe, A butcher in a busy shop in Harlem, Have it done by half past two." one of New York's mission fields, was Quickly came the retort, cutting pork chops for a customer. As "Americaner, you-eel shine shoe, Me no wait ha-past-two."

129 .4 he worked he anathematized nations used by us to illustrate God's workand individuals who are constantly on ing in the hearts and doings of folks the fighting margin. The customer have been worn threadbare; let us finally gathered courage to ask: hunt for up-to-the-minute illustra- "What would happen if the things tions. God is working today as po- Christ stood for were put into prac- tently as He ever did. tice?" He stopped, wiped his bloody hands on his butcher's apron, leaned . CHAPEL IN A HOTEL back against the smoked-meat shelf and said: "Right ye are-let Him "Meditation Chapel" in the Hotel rule and this old hell world would be Biltmore, New York City, will open heaven." He had lost two boys in the to guests and employes, it was an- "World Slaughter." nounced by John McEntee Bowman, president of the Bowman Biltmore A highly educated and traveled Hotels Corporation. Eventually a young Jewel:s who is actively inter- meditation chapel will be installed in ested in "The New Palestine" move- all the Bowman Hotels. ment was engaged in conversation on a New York, New Haven and Hart- "The simple little sanctuary for the ford Railroad train. After she had use of all who worship God, irrespecgiven valuable information as to the tive of creed or of denomination, will progress of this movement, the help- be found on the third floor," said a ful attitude of the British Government statement from Mr. Bowman. in this connection, the work of Sir John Chancellor, she said: "Shakes- "As its name implies, 'Meditation peare came at the peak of the decades Chapel,' is not for set services, but of interest in the writing of poetry. for meditation only-a place wher!! For some time the novel has been the anyone may sit in silence and hear literary hobby of the literate world. his own thoughts. Is it not possible that a great novelist may be in the offing? I am wonder- "There are times in the lives of ing, as I watch the nations planning all of us, in the day and in the night, for their greatest self-development, if when we want to get away from the some great consummating event is not world and commune alone with God, ahead. It seems to me that this ac- to kneel before His altar. The church tivity an the part of the nations is is not always available. Many find similar to the purifying of elements their rooms adequate for all purposes; in the laboratory in order that they others may find comfort in the little may be fused when the proper uniting Chapel in the Inn. substance is at hand." As she hesitated, the question was asked: "Where "The presence of one spot in the do you think the uniting substance hotel, dissociated from the worldly will be found?" With surprising things of life and dedicated and con- secrated to the God we profess to quickness she replied, "Is a second serve, is now recognized by this act as a spiritual necessity in any hotel coming impossible? May not a Christ with which I am connected and as soon as practicable a meditation chapel -or a Moses be given?" Yes, He will be installed in all our hotels.

is in the minds of many thinking folks "Flowers will always be found on this altar and above the altar the whom we Pass every day. Now is adopted inscription: 'Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden the time to be frank witnesses for and I will give you rest.' Him in all sincerity. We have to live it or we dare not witness. "It is an invitation to all.

The experiences and incidents con- "The consecration of this chapel is the use for which it has been set nected with William Carey, David apart forever."

Livingstone, General Booth, Sam Jones, Dwight L. Moody and others

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE WORK-BENCH AND TOOLS TOOL H.-If possible secure a pro- fessional designer to put the follow- TOOL I.-What would be the effect ing idea on an upson-board which may on your group if to greet them at be used at several meetings. By your next meeting you were to have means of your picture make an inthe following picture beautifully done tensive study of your own city, town, in black and white on a large black- or countryside. This picture illusboard or drawing paper? Try it and trates how the study was made by a see. Have one member give the group in Cleveland, Ohio. Use a pichistory of The Statue of Liberty and ture of your own town-hall, old hotel another the story of The Stars and business section, or a group of farms: Stripes. Have a talk by the widest twenty-five years ago. If you have a read and best informed person in your local problem of any kind which the church on the topic, "Changes, racial Christian people should take the inand commercial since 1777." itiative in solving, and of course you have, this method wiII bring it before your very eyes, a most desirable aid to action.

Doctor Shriver's What Next in Home Missions and Doctor Oxnam's Youth and the New America are in- dispensable tools for your analysis.* YE OLD INN Was the caetnYt eurleotifdeh. o sRpoi tmaal int~ye warmth and cheer held its swa~ and we often hear regrets for the passmg of the 0Ilen hearth, the blazing logs, the savory vIands, and the intimate THE STATUE OF LIBERTY stands upon greetings of the host. . Bedloe's Island about two miles from the, Battery, New York City. It was Cleveland's Population designed by Bartholdi and presented by France in 1884. The statue is one Austria ………… 116,000 hundred and fifty-one feet high; its (Comments) pedestal, one hundred and fifty-five feet. It symbolizes Liberty Enlighten- Hungary ……. . … 101.000 ing the World. It weighs 225 tons. (Comments) Forty persons can stand in the head and the torch has room for twelve Russia ………….. 80,000 people. (Comments) For the story of The Stars and England ……….. . 30,000 Stripes send to John Hancock Mutual (Comments) Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., for their fine pamphlet, "The Germany ………. 112,000 Flag of the United States." (Comments) Ireland …………. 30,000 (Comments) Italy …………… 52,000 (Comments) Canada …………. 30,000 United States born … 80,000 ·Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. :SO cents. '

Conditions precious, and in the presence of one and another certain inhibitions invariably arise. It is these inhibitions which Solutions are so difficult to break down. Spiritual After years of experiment we are Moral convinced that the social approach, Labor that is approach through parties and Law Enforcement get-together affairs, is not as helpful Schools or as effective as our services of wor- ship in the church. The fellowship First Use of Picture which grows up in prayer to one God, singing hymns in unison, and the (a) Have picture explained with spiritual work of the church, becomes local color; tell what the buildings a more powerful cementing tie than were used for, who lived in the houses the companionship of parties and soand such items of heart interest. Ask cial intercourse. the group to tell what they know about the history of your local situation The church should furnish an attwenty-five years ago. You may un- mosphere in which social differences earth some helpful history. can be disregarded, a medium in which disparities in rank, language, (b) Assign to those who will work class and financial position can be at it, the task of analyzing the changes reconciled, and it should be a place of that have taken place in the past supreme dedication to which all, no twenty-five years. matter what their rank or outlook on life, can give the best in them, re- Second Use of Picture gardless of any prior allegiance.

(a) Begin to put down the results As a result of our crowded life in of your analysis as shown on the metropolitan centers, men and women Cleveland picture. of means or varied interests are hard- pressed for time, especially in the (b) Assign such vital and pertinent evening hours, which is the leisure topics as the following: Our Immi- period of those doing manual work. gration Laws. Should the Number This fact alone makes it very difficult in Our Electoral College Depend on to effect an approach through parties Population or Citizenship? and social admixture. On the other hand the hours of worship are com- As the study of your local problems mon to nearly an walks of life, for progresses the leader should direct the both foreign and native born, and in trend of thought toward the whole this period all who are free can meet United States as the unit of the Home along spiritual lines and gradually Missionary Enterprise. What is be- grow to know the aims, ambitions, ing done may then be answered by ideals and life of one another. a specific study of your own Board work in the United States. Every MAKE THE CITY CHRISTIAN Home Mission Board has rich material which no worker can afford to DR. M. P. BURNS be without. Just in proportion as the religious FOREIGN AND NATIVE BORN life and thought of the people is pagan or Christian, so also is the civilization One Method of Bringing About an developed by that people pagan or Understanding Between Foreign Christian. The institutions of our and Native Born so-called Christian civilization are Christian just in proportion as the GEORGE STEWART, PH.D. people who developed them are Chris- tian in their living and thinking. One of the most important problems before city churches today is an apparent impossibility of mixing foreign and native born within the same congregation. Each side has prejudices which are difficult to overcome, each has associations which are very

Christian institutions and all clean- well-devised program, launched and cut moral agencies have been con- carried forward by the church, along ceived, born, and developed, directly lines of a thoroughgoing brotherhood, or indirectly, under the influence of would soon dispel the criticism of the Christianity. Confucianism of China, centuries. It would soon force the Mohammedanism of Egypt, and Shin- issue of the gospel, and ultimately toism of Japan, are each, in its own compel the kingdoms of this world country, almost entirely responsible to become the Kingdom of our Lord for the kind of civilization that pre- and of His Christ. vails. The task, therefore, of the Church, The church has more or less boldly in the face of unparalleled difficulties, professed, through the years, to be charged with tremendous responsia thoroughly democratic institution. bilities, and in view of the splendid But, let me ask, is it essentially and opportunities stretching out ahead, is fundamentally democratic? to adjust herself in approach, pro- gram and message, reinforce herself Ministers in the Monday morning with the mind and passion of Christ, preachers' meeting have proclaimed, and address herself to the task. through all the years, with magnifi· cent and convincing rhetoric, the fact UNCLE SAM'S MERRY-GO-ROUND of the universal Fatherhood of God and the universal brotherhood of man. A Delightful and Productive Method But, to her great discredit and con- With Children fusion on the other hand, the church for which they spoke has not only BY MRS. J. W. DOWDS tolerated, but, in some cases, actually As a basis for teaching children the generated class distinction, and drawn spirit of sympathy and love for all lines of social demarcation over which other children, regardless of race, men have never been able to cross. creed, or color use the miniature merry-go-round on which meeting by My soul has been distressed and meeting are placed dolls dressed in tremendously humiliated by a church Dennison paper to represent races and professing to love God with all the nationalities living in the United heart, might, mind, and strength, and States. its neighbor as itself, and at the same Make base out of a circle of beavertime absolutely refusing to allow peo- board forty-two inches in diameter; ple of a different social group or over this place a Japanese umbrella speaking a different language to bow covered with red, white and blue bunat her altars and weep their way to ting; fill the border with stars; be- God. What would be the result if tween canopy and base suspend in true the doors of the church were thrown merry-go-round fashion small celluloid wide open, and the Italians, the Bo- animals so placed as to leave a 5-inch hemians, and the Russians, and all space around the edge of board base; the rest, together with their wives and little ones, would be freely permitted to come and worship therein, with the consciousness that the church membership would meet them on the platform of a sympathetic fellowship, born of the spirit of Jesus Christ? With such an exhibition of good fellowship by the Christian Church, the last vestige of unbelief on the part of the unbelievers would be swept away forever, and the kingdom of God would come with great power in that community. I am suggesting that a

underneath the base place at intervals, The educative value of the stories small spool wheels upon which the en- told by leaders will depend on the tire structure may revolve. judgment and thoroughness with which they are prepared. Uncle Sam is the owner and occupies a place of prominence on inner Review the stories many times until side of circle. He must be dignified they live in the precious little hearts and of fine countenance. On his right to the end that the seed which you stands a man who is a Home Mission- have planted may sprout and produce. ary; on his left, a deaconess. Urge children to tell the stories at home at the dinner table or at bed At each meeting stories are told of time. the people whom the dolls represent and of the needs of the work. The following devotional service was built by Miss Charlotte Anderson The merry-go-round is set in mo- of Parl;:ersburg, W. Va., under the tion while near by stand all of the guidance of the editor of this departdolls awaiting their chance to "ride." ment and for use in the School of Missions, Mountain Lake Park, Md. The first day the Indians and Alas- Miss Anderson is an Ohio Wesleyan kans are allowed to mount as the chil- University senior. dren sing as if singing for the dolls: Method :-Have the members of (Tune–uJesus Loves me, This I Know") Sunday-school classes or other groups enter a wholesome contest. Give Merry-go-round please stop for me, out themes and set day when copies I want Uncle Sam to see must be in hands of a committee; use What a good American I can be. all usable ones. The method is dis- Juniors-O, make room for me. tinctively educative. The young folks will in this work reveal their degree Chm'us of spiritual development and the kind 0, yes he needs us, of song they enjoy. It might not· be 0, yes he needs us, a bad idea for the pastor to try the 0, yes he needs us, use of such a service some Sunday He needs us everyone. morning. (There is but one difference between a ditch and a grave and that After the Indian and Alaskan stories is in the depth.) are told ask: "Shall we let them ride 7" To which the children respond Suggested Themes :-"Character in by singing: Scripture and Song"; "Nations in Scripture and Song"; "War and Peace Come little Indian ride with me, in Scripture and Song." Uncle Sam our guide will be; He has work that we can do, He needs Indians to help him too.

Chorus 0, yes he needs them, 0, yes he needs them, 0, yes he needs them, He needs them everyone.

They are placed on the merry-go- AN EFFEOTIVE DEVOTIONAL round and others await their turn at SERVIOE another study period; Japanese, Chinese, Mexicans, Spanish, Hawaiians, Nature in Scripture and Song Porto Ricans, Negroes, Highlanders, migrants, immigrants, city slums and I. ROCK: The Lord is my rock and my others that you may see fit to select. Fortress and my Deliverer; my God and my Strength; in whom I will Close the series with a lesson on trust; my buckler and the horn of Christian Citizenship. my salvation, and my high tower. (Psalm 18: 2.) Ask the children each time to bring Song-"Jesus is a Rock in a Weary to the next meeting dolls which they Land." themselves have dressed and stories which they have gotten their parents II. HILLS: I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my to tell them. help. (Psalm 121: 1.) Song-"The Ninety and Nine."

1929J METHODS FOR WORKERS

III. WAVES: Oh that thou hadst heark- XIV. RAIN: He shall come down like ened to my commandments: Then rain upon the mown grass; as had thy peace been as a river and showers that water the earth. thy righteousness as the waves of (Psalm 72: 6.) the sea. (Isaiah 49: 18.) Song-"Showers of Blessings." Song-"The Cleansing Wave." This program should be carefully pre- IV. STARS: And they that be wise shall pared. Sing but one stanza of each shine as the brightness of the firm- song. ament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars forever. TO-THE-MINUTE MATERIAL (Daniel 12: 3.) Song-"O Little Town of Bethle- "The Glowing Ember of Prayer," Pres- byterian Board, 156 Fifth Ave., New hem." York, N. Y. (Fine to use in a devotional service. 5c.) V. ROSE: I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys. (Song of "Your Flag and My Flag," Woman's Solomon 2: 1.) Home Missionary Society, 420 Plum St., Song-"Rose-Rose-Rose." Cincinnati, Ohio. (An unusual demon- stration. 2c.) VI. GARDEN: And the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul "Hands Across the Sea," The Com- in drought and make ~t thy bones; mittee on Friendly Relations Among and thou shalt be like a watered Foreign Students, 34'1 Madison Avenue, garden and like a spring of waters New York, N. Y. (Send 5c. for post- whose waters fail not. (Isaiah 58: age.) 11.) "The Negro Background," Woman's Song-"In the Garden." Home Missionary Society, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (You will not regret VII. FOUNTAIN:' I will give unto him sending for it. 15c.) that is athirst of the fountain of life freely. (Revelation 21: 6.) A set of really usable slides on Mi- Song-"Come Thou Fount." grant Work, Council of Women for Home Missions. (Rental $2.00.) VIII. LIGHT: I am the Light of the world; he that followeth me shall 105 E. 22nd St., New York, N. Y. not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. (John 8: 12.) PRAYER AND POWER Song-"BrightIy Beams Our Fa- ther's Mercy." "No answer comes to those who pray, Then idly stand, IX. GRAIN: He will thoroughly purge his floor and gather his wheat into And wait for stones to roll away the garner; but he will burn up the At God's command. chaff with unquenchable fire. (Mat- thew 3: 12.) He will not break the binding cords Song-"Beulah Land." Upon us laid X. GALILEE: They see Jesus walking on If we depend on pleading words, the sea and drawing nigh unto the And will not aid. ship; and they were afraid. But he said unto them, It is I; be not When hands are idle, words are vain afraid. (John 6: 19-20.) To move the stone; Song-"O Galilee." An aiding angel would disdain XI. LILY: And why take ye thought for To work alone; raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, But he who prayeth and is strong neither do they spin; and yet I say In faith and deed, unto you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one And toileth earnestly, ere long of these. (Matthew 6: 28-29.) He will succeed." S0?tg-"Lily of the Valley." Something like criminal negligence XII. STORM: He maketh the storm a has marked the attitude of the Church toward the matchless power of prayer calm, so that the waves thereof are for the world. Shall it be so longer or shall a change come over the Church? still. (Psalm 107: 29.) For generations great calls have been Song-"Master the Tempest Is Rag- issued, leagues have been proposed, emo- tions have been aroused, and yet the days ing." 'I continue evil. Prayer is an echo on men's lips rather than a passion from XIII. SUN: Then shall the righteous their hearts. But if fifty men of our shine forth as the sun, in the King- generation will enter the holy place of dom of their Father. (Matthew prayer, and become benceforth men whose hearts God has touched with the 13: 43.) prayer-passion, the history of His Song-"How Tedious and Tasteless Church will be changed.-Robert E. the Hour." Speer.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York A SIGNIFIOANT EVENT IN CHINA Wu Yi-fang as president. A colorful procession it was with the various Every lover of missions will be thrilled hoods and gowns. One, Dr. Hsia, with the report by Miss Abby Shaw graduated from Edinburgh, had a Mayhew of the inauguration of Dr. Wu scarlet gown and black tam. The pres- Yi-fang as President of Ginling Union idents of Medhurst, Shanghai, Hang- Christian College. At the annual meet- chow, Nanking and Soochow Colleges ing of the Federation of Woman's or Universities were present, also the Boards of Foreign Missions of North Dean of St. John's, and they were all America last year Dr. Wu was present. Chinese except the president of Hang- She was then taking her Ph.D. at Mich- chow. Madaom Chiang Kai-shek was igan University. on the program. Mrs. Bristol, the Admiral's wife, went up for the oc- Miss Mayhew was the principal of the casion and was the guest of Madam School for Physical Education in China, Chiang. which now is merged with Ginling College. This is the goal of our missionaries, to train leaders who will carry on the great work which they began.

So Hoover' is elected! There's Mrs. Thurston made a most perfect surely one thing in his favor from our address in turning over the governpoint of view. He has lived in China! ment to Dr. Wu, so suited to the oc- Of course we know many things are casion. To the retiring president and in his favor and I can with safety say the one who from the first has made that all of you voted for him. and built Ginling, it was a most happy time, the fulfilling of her hope and While you have been electing a pres- ideal. Mrs. New, president of the ident in America we have been in- Board of Control, presided. There augurating one in China. We think were five graduates in the first class that ours is a more wonderful occasion in 1919-Mrs. New, Dr. Wu and Dr. than yours, and about the most im- Liu on the platform and all three of portant event in the history of the them filling places of honor and rewomen of China. Now don't you sponsibility. To see and hear the agree with me? To inaugurate a Chi- alumnre on that day was sufficient nese woman president of the highest proof of the great value of Ginling women's college in China? College.

I went to Nanking to attend the an- I was invited to lunch at Mrs. Chu's nual Board of Control meeting. Upon arriving we took a carriage (yes, in with Madam Chiang and Mrs. Bristol. spite of there being 1,000 motor cars in Nanking) for the five-mile drive Madam Chiang asked several of us to to Ginling College. The first person I saw was Miss Chen Mei-yu, just re- come to her home for tea that afterturned from America. We were in noon. We went, after driving out to meeting from nine to six for two days, and among the many things we de- Sun Yat Sen's tomb, which is not cided the one which will interest you nearly completed. They plan to have most is that we decided to give a one it finished in March and have the inyear course next year in Recreation terment then. The situation is wonand Hygiene for teachers and stu- derful, cut right out of the side of dents .. Purple Mountain. It was most in- teresting to see Madam Chiang in her On Saturday morning came the own home and to meet the General. great event-the inauguration of Dr. As he is President of the Council they are really the first people of the land.

After tea they took us through the 136 gardens which are very extensive and revolutionary manner. It has come to were lovely in the soft twilight. them with more steady and compelling force than political ideas. Whereas We had to hurry back for the the fall of Manchu dynasty-an em- Founder's Day banquet at seven o'- pire during three centuries-and the clock. It was lovely. It was more founding of a republic have not intimate than in the morning. There changed the Chinese, with the excepwere many speeches and greetings tion of the 'returned students' and read which had been received during others with modern education, a small the day. Many lovely things were handful as compared with the stolid said about Mrs. Thurston and I am mass of four hundred million people, sure she must have been gratified and the spread of industrialism is swiftly happy. changing them. The whole of the Far East is being transformed. A new Dr. Hodgkin preached the Founder's social fabric is being woven, and it Day sermon and it was very, very is affecting the rest of the world. good. The Physical Education majors gave a tea for me in the afternoon so "The rise of modern textile mills in I missed the tea the alumnre gave to Japan has already radically altered the the Board of Control and Faculty. outlook of the British cotton trade in There are ten majors and several of India. The night work conducted in them are going to be fine leaders. the mills on remote hillsides in Japan is causing business depression in Lan- I think I nave never enjoyed being cashire, and the cheap labor employed in Ginling more, and felt as much the in China is pulling down the price of lovely spirit of the place. European goods in Asiatic markets. Thus the significance of the spread of ABBY SHAW MAYHEW. industrialism in the East cannot be overrated. The world is watching the INDUSTRIALISM IN THE FAR phenomenon with keen concern.

EAST "Mr. France skilfully presents pic- tures which arouse one's attention. Not least important of the subjects We commend his sincere attempt to be discussed at the Jerusalem Council fair in describing labor conditions in Meeting, and reviewed at the annual Japan. His book is well worth reading. meetings of the Federation of Wom- It has two chapters, the first of which an's Boards and the Foreign Missions describes the appalling situation pre- Conference in Detroit in January, is vailing in Japanese workshops, mines "Chrif;tianity and the Growth of In- and so on, while the second argues at dustrialism in Asia, Africa, and South length the need of the Christian re- America." To bring Christian ideals ligion for the removal of the evils. into practi5!e in the field of industry is a great and urgent task not only in "It would be unjust to say, though Asia, Africa and South America but the impression remains after reading in North America and Europe. through the book, that the statement of facts in Chapter I is too short, A thoughtful review appears in the while the arguments in Chapter II are October number of the International too long. A Japanese, however, spe- Review of Missions by an oriental, I. cially interested in and following the F. Ayusawa, a representative of Japan social progress of his country, will in the International Labor Office in inevitably find flaws here and there Geneva. in the observations of a foreigner. Thus, a book published in 1928 treat- Mr. Ayusawa says in reviewing "In- ing the labor problem in Japan would dustrialism in Japan" by Walter F. have done well at least to mention the France: great advance made in labor legisla- tion and also in trade unionism in the "A GREAT movement in the Far past three or four years. East, with effects more far-reaching than those of the World War, is the spread of industrialism. It has affected the peoples of those remote lands with ancient traditions in a

"No student of the labor problem "An important point, however, on in Japan, to our mind, can ignore the which we are not fully satisfied with epoch-making steps taken by Japan Mr. France's book, is his assumption in labor legislation in 1926, by bring- that 'the West'-a broad term he uses ing into force the Health Insurance -is Christian while Japan is not. In Act, covering some two million work- one place, for instance; he says: ers; by repealing the obnoxious arti- It is here that the East and West sepcles in the police law to give larger arate, for in the handling of the indus- freedom to trade unions, by enforcing trial problem in England, either by ex- the Labor Disputes Conciliation Act perts or by the street-corner orator, in order to bring about industrial there is the whole background—often peace, by bringing into force the Min- quite unrecognized-of Christian experiimum Age Act to suppress child labor ence. The western conception of "jus- tice," "right," "truth," "compassion"

entirely. All this happened simul- "love" and the like is not only, as is taneously on July 1, 1926, together often reiterated, "saturated with Chriswith the bringing into operation of tianity," it is Christian in origin, and the Factory Amendment Act, which Christian only. This is often overlooked and ignored. Justice and truth, as we alone was a great event, worth receiv- know these graces, have little foothold ing mention. in uninfluenced oriental life. Compas- sion and love, as we know them, have "Perhaps it may be said that the none. mention of, so many laws would be to make the book too technical, and "But is that really so? How about it was obviously not intended for Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Marx, Lenin, specialists. But in any case we should who have taught the West about like the writer to know the facts con- 'Justice,' 'Truth' and so on? Were cerning what he calls the Geneva Con- they all Christians? And is the writer ference in labor, where he says Japan prepared to say that Confucius is de- 'was represented,' as though it hap- void of the graces of justice or truth, pened only once. At this conference, or that in Gautama's precepts one"does which is an annual event, the Japanese not find compassion? Space does not Government does not, as he says, permit any lengthy argument. Let us 'reserve the right of postponing or only say that these unfortunate as- modifying the application of any reso- sertions do not convince and do not lution passed at these gatherings.' greatly help. Let the writer remem- ber that the West, which he calls "However, these remarks are severe, Christian, has its abundant evils of and coming from a Japanese they industrialism. He need not think that might seem ungrateful, whereas we his' book has not been worth writing do sincerely appreciate the sympa- if it has not made cleat that the inthetic attitude with which the book is dustrial problem in Japan is essentially written. The somber pictures drawn religious, but he must not overlook there are, alas, true to a large extent, the fact that industrial and social and no Japanese who loves his country problems are universal and rife even can afford to be content with a few in the so-called Christian countries. labor laws copied from the West. Industrialism in the East is of western When long hours are worked, women origin and comes from what the writer are toiling through the night in dingy calls 'the Christian West.' " mills, and awful inhumane conditions still prevail in the dormitories at- "I believe that all our offerings-of strength or time or money-have their tached to factories, no Japanese can virtue conditioned by the sacrifice that refute the accusation that his country gave them birth…… We begin to has no religion. Japan has to awaken, if she has not as yet, to the terrible operate with vital forces When we cross the border in the land of sacrifice ….. . reality of the present situation, and If the Church of the living God were we are grateful to the writer for sacrificial, she would thrill the world."- pointing out our failures. J. H. Jowett.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York PAN-PACIFIC WOMEN'S CONFERENCE The Pan-Pacific Union located in Education, Voting 34, Associate 14; Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, is "an Industry and Professions, Voting 23, organization directed by representa- Associate 9; Government, Voting 25, tives of all Pacific races, supported in Associate 9; Social Service, Voting part by government appropriations, 30, Associate 11; total, 183. They cooperating with chambers of com- came from: Australia 16; Canada 1; merce, scientific organizations, boards China 5, two being Chinese; Dutch of education and kindred bodies work- East Indies 1; Fiji 1; Hawaii 91; ing for the advancement of Pacific in- India 1; Japan 18, all Japanese; New terests. It brings together through Zealand 17; Philippine Islands 2, both frequent conferences at the ocean's native; Samoa 3, two being Samoan; crossroads leaders in all lines of United States mainland 27.

thought and action in Pacific lands, Miss Jane Addams was honorary organizing them into friendly coop- international chairman, Dr. Valeria erative effort." Parker chairman of U. S. mainland Under auspices of this Union the delegation. Miss Mary Anderson, di- first Pan-Pacific Women's Conference rector, 'Vomen's Bureau, U. S. De- was held in Honolulu, August 9-19, partment of Labor, was there, and 1928. When first conceived in 1924 it President Coolidge appointed a special was termed a "Motherhood and Child representative, Dr. Louise Stanley, Welfare Conference." After the first Chief, Department of Home Economcommittee meeting, however, its scope ics, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

was widened to include five divisions The following will serve as samples of Health, Education, Women in In- of topics presented: "The Legal and dustry and Professions, Women in Political Relationships of Women in Government, and Social Service. Japan," by Kikue Ide, an outstanding The quota for each country was leader in the woman suffrage move- twenty-five voting delegates and two ment of Japan and head of the Wom- non-voting associate delegates from en's Problems' Institute of Osaka; important women's organizations, Ha- "Social Welfare Work in the PhilipwaH and the Philippines having sep- pines," by Mrs. Jaime C. de Veyra, arate quotas from the mainland. President, Federation of Women's Attendance was: Health, Voting 24, Clubs of the Philippines; "The Status 14 being physicians, Associate 5; of Preventive Medicine in China," by 139

Dr. Ting Mei-yung, Superintendent, numbers of voluntary or untrained workers who are rendering unselfish and Pei Yang Women's Hospital, Tien- effective service in many places, but en- ablin~ those deserving to secure special tsin, "China's Industrial Women," by trainmg in social service to receive it without the expense of travel to another Kyong Bae-tsung; "Industrial Hy- country, and enabling them to acquire field experience in those countries in giene in the Philippine Islands," by which their services are to be rendered.

Dr. Paz Mendoza-Guazon; "The Trade (b) That this Conference urges all women to draw the attention of official Union Woman," by Elizabeth Christ- agencies to the findings of the Child Wel- fare Committee of the League of Nations man. appointed to investigate the Cinema question and the report of the Royal Official voting delegates were gra- Commission appointed by the Australian Federal Government to inquire into the ciously entertained free of charge at Film Industry in Australia.

Punahou School a little distance out (c) That this Conference urges wom- en of the Pacific Basin to do all in their of the city proper, though a few pre- power to influence their Governments to carry out the recommendations of the ferred to stay at hotels at Waikiki League of Nations report on the Traffic in Women and Children, including those Beach half an hour away by trolley. urging the employment of women police and the abolition of state regulation and Naturally one of the greatest benefits of licensed houses.

of the conference was the interming- (d) That the Pan-Pacific Conference of Women is of the opinion that it ling and informal conversation be- would be of great value to the countries of the Pacific Basin if the body of extween sessions. Social functions had perts on Traffic in Women and Children of the League of Nations would conan important place in the program. tinue to investigate thoroughly condi- tions in those countries within this area ltesolutions which have not already been examined.

The following were unanimously (e) In view of the fact that there has been serious criticism at this Conference adopted: of the films sent to several countries of the Pacific Basin, the Pan-Pacific Con- 1. That the following projects be pro- ference of Women requests Will H. Hays, moted: director of motion picture industry in the United States, to contine the distri- (a) A correlated inquiry into costs bution of films in the Pacific countries to and standards of living in Pacific coun- those that reflect the best and not the tries with special reference to diet con- worst in life. That a resolution from tent. the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference be sent to the director of the British Film (b) A study of standards of living Industry asking that no films which and wages in Pacific countries which will would bring discredit to the moral standmake comparison possible. ard of Great Britain be sent to other countries. (c) A survey of the health of women in industry in Pacific countries through Recommendations from Sections an expert committee with Pan-Pacific links forged through this conference. The following is full text of findings (d) Formation of a committee of ex- of Sections as submitted to the Conperts for the initiation of health research projects of value to Pacific women. ference Forum.

(e) Research regarding electoral sys- These constitute a basis for contems, woman's place in political parties, tinuation work in the sections named, effect of compulsory votings, and legis- amplifying- the general terms of the resolation relating to women and children. lutions. The paragraph marked X in Gov- ernment Section was inadvertently not 2. That the interest of existing re- submitted to the Conference in resolution search bodies in Pacific countries be en- form. It remains, however. a record of listed, in consultation with national one of the most significant discussions of groups, toward best policies to be pur- the section. sued toward improvement of industrial standards in Pacific countries.

3. That committees be set up in accordance with the desires of the sections of Industry and Education for the purpose of acting as clearing house.

4. That the following resolutions be adopted: (a) Women in countries of the Pacific should work toward an educational program which will help to prepare social workers for more effective service, such recommendation in no way reflecting upon the valuable work of large

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

GOVe1"nment Section It, therefore, recommends that the per- manent committee of the Pan-Pacific The women in Government Section Women's Conference make arrangements during its deliberations have come to the with research bodies for making the necconclusion that in the enfranchised coun- essary studies, in consultation with the tries, there is a great deal of latent National committees of the countries in power .in the political machinery which which such studies are to be made. women have not yet fully learned to use. Political consciousness needs to be The following subjects are suggested: fostered in these countries, so as to 1. A study of the standards of living arouse a sense of public responsibility and wages in Pacific countries which will both in national and world affairs. We make comparison possible. stress the need for educative means of 2. The best policies to be pursued tobringing this about. ward improvement of industrial stand- ards in Pacific countries. This Conference desires to uphold the women in Pacific countries who are seek- Education Section ing enfranchisement, and trusts that their efforts will speedily be crowned Inasmuch as the vital problems of with success. health, social service, industry and gov- ernments are fundamentally problems of Every means should be used to pro- education in its broadest outlook, and in mote the responsible participation of order that those sections may profit by women in government. the most efficient and progressively up- to-date educational methods (X) The Women in Government Section who belong to countries which are The Education Section recommends trustees for the welfare of the Pacific the formation of a committee, composed recognize the duty of doing their part of representatives from each country, to see that the principles underlying the which will undertake: League of Nations mandates are applied in the letter and the spirit over the 1. To list educational agencies, formal whole area. and informal, and indicate their function.

The Government Section suggests that 2. To pool information as to national in the interval between this and a next problems and methods in education. Women's Pan-Pacific Conference, research be made regarding electoral sys- 3. To suggest problems for research tems, women's place in political parties, in order of urgency in relation to Pacific and the possible effect of compulsory countries: e. g., training by life activivoting, as well as upon other matters ties in character formation and in leaderthat need changes in legislation to pro- ship; economics; vocational education mote the welfare of women and children, and guidance, and leisure-time activities; carrying out any recommendations sug- and to promote international exchange gested by the other sections of this Con- of teachers and educational leaders. ference. Continuation Committee Industry Section Miss Eleanor M. Hinder, Executive The Industry Section submits the following for the consideration of the Con- Secretary of the Pan-Pacific Associaference Forum: tion of China, was Executive Secre- 1. In case a permanent organization tary of the conference and is serving be effected, an industrial committee be appointed consisting of three represent- for continuation work. The Continuatives in each country whose functions would be: ation Committee has drawn up a tentative plan looking toward a per- (a) To accumulate, and through the permanent secretariat, circulate among manent Pan-Pacific Women's organithe countries represented existing information on industrial conditions. zation. The executive secretary will (b) To be on the lookout in each coun- seek to determine what, if any pertry for effects of economic relations with manent Pacific Women's organizations some other country, reporting any findings to the secretariat. should be set up by the Second Pan- (c) Through the secretariat, to coop- Pacific Women's Conference which erate with the Labor Office of the League will be held in 1930. A Joint Standing of Nations in its attempts to improve conditions by international legislation. Pacific Committee may be formed 2. The Industrial Section recognizes along the lines of the Joint Standing the need of research before an adequate discussion of Pacific industrial conditions International Committee now existing is possible. at Geneva. However, no plans for permanent organization will be for- mulated until thorough study of pos- sible relationships to national and international groupings can be made.

"mu,D-WIDf

EDITED BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., Madison, N. J.

CHINA at its November meeting it was re- ported that 3,100,000 Scripture por- National Christian Council tions, including entire Bibles and New Testaments, had been issued for China THE Council (October 11th-18th) last year. In the absence of mission- in Shanghai, took for its motto aries, these portions have been sold principle: "The Establishment of the mostly by the Chinese themselves, de- Nation Rests on Moral Principles." spite the confusion of the civil war. Its deliverance upon the relation of One native pastor wrote that he had' the Church to the State reads: visited some of the most notorious bandits, in their hiding places, and he A new nation needs new citizens; a told of how eagerly they welcomed new culture rests upon new personalities. these Scriptures. Now that war has Reconstruction of any kind, diplomatic, ceased, even the foreign agents, not political, educational, has one object—to excluding the especially hated British, uplift and develop the life of each citi- go about the country freely. The Sozen. This is what we understand by ciety has sent a consignment of 2,000 Christ's phrase, "The abundant life." Mandarin Gospels to Tibet for the Koko-Nor area, and 3,000 have been License, extravagance and error will despatched to Turkestan. be the result of the new outburst of life, if it be not guided by moral principles. Three Million on Trek This is the point of Dr. Sun's saying: "The natural side is transient. The moral side is permanent."

After mentioning items which the Church may expect from the Government, the Council states its hope for T the Church in relation to the Govern- HESE millions are famine-stricken Shantungese on their way to Manment: Over and above its distinctly religious churia, 600 miles to the north. The activities, we hope that the Church will terrible famine and the devastation by give special attention to: contending armies and local bandits are the causes of this exodus to the 1. The creation of a healthy construc- land of promise. The migrants have tive public opinion. sold their land and cattle for a mere trifle and with their wives, children 2. The assistance of the Government and old folk, some of the latter blind in policies of social reform, such as the and lame, are walking or trundling on suppression of opium and prostitution, wheelbarrows their scanty goods and the improvement of living conditions for feeble members. Many would not farmers and laborers, and so forth. think of finding in such an army any opportunities for missionary useful- 3. The preparation of men and women ness, but when all things have been for public service, especially through education for citizenship, and the study of the "San Min Chu I" [Dr. Sun's three principles for the. people's guidance.] 3,100,000 Scriptures in China!

MANY know of the great work done against them, it is a consolation to by the American Bible Society Jearn from kind Christians and misand by the equally marvelous issues of sionaries that God cares and even the British and Foreign Bible Society, loves them!

but relatively few ever hear of the Na- When they reached Harbin, one of tional BibJe Society of Scotland. Yet the Manchurian capitals, the Chinese 142

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officials realized that special effort teachers are working with the Chinese must be made if these ill-nourished in full harmony.

folk were not to be a menace. Bar- C. A. NELSON, racks were erected and soup-kitchens American-Chinese Educational Com- were opened for the straggling mission.

crowds. A Gospel and two or three tracts were distributed to them, with A Chinese General and Preacher M a list of the Christian churches in RS. OLIVE LIPSCOMB ANDER- SON writes of General Chang as North Manchuria and an invitation to visit them. They were asked to read one of the two Christian leaders in the them and to take them to their desti- Nationalist Movement who offered in nation for others to read. Setting forth Nanking a resolution on religious into a new land with their idols and liberty. She also quotes from a letter temples left behind, these trekkers are to a professor' of Soochow University being brought in touch with mes- the following: "General Chiang Tzusengers of the Cross. Is it surprising chiang, General Feng Yii hsiang's that the Religious Tract Society agent representative in Nanking, preached received this appeal : "We certainly in St. John's Church today before a appreciate the 82,500 tracts which you large and enthusiastic congregation." have sent us. Can you send us an- This is an indication as to the sort of other grant of 100,000? I will person- men whom General Feng had about ally see that they are properly dis- him as aides.

tributed." English Baptist Uj!.ion in China Self-Support in South China ECENT information comes that R HE work in the Canton district the churches of the English Bap- Tthat was opened by the American tists in Shantung had voted to unite Board in 1867, later was given up with the Church of Christ in China.

and reopened in 1892, is to be turned This means that 128 organized over by the Board this year to the churches, including 23 which are self- native churches. From the first the supporting, with their 7,000 communi- missionaries endeavored to train na- cants have entered the union. Church tive Christians in self-support and of Christ. But the decision to unite work for others. Other churches with other Christians is much more have, from time to time, been es- important to Chinese Christianity tablished in outstations and have be- than the matter of mere numbers.

come independent of the mother church in Canton. Lutherans in China T The Chinese Christians have built HE Lutheran Church in China is officially known as the "Church of their own churches and schools, with their own money. Now foreign sup- Justification by Faith." The Luther- port is being entirely withdrawn by an Missions of America belong to this the American Board and as a result indigenous church. Recently the the Lo Tak School will be closed. The Chinese Church of the Berlin Mission Chinese Christians have organized to was received in the General Synod of continue the evangelistic work in the Chinese Lutherans. At this conven- outstations and are endeavoring to tion the majority of the delegates raise $50,000 for this purpose. Of were Chinese. .

this amount $30,000 has already been secured in China and Hawaii and the What Mrs. Feng Knows and Doe.

W committee is seeking the remainder in HAT the January MISSIONARY REVIEW had to say of Marshal America from Chinese and their friends. Feng Yu-hsiang, China's vice-presi- This work in China is eminently dent, was written by a man who strong and successful. American knows the general personally and who

impartially refuted the many slurring and actively promoted by J ames Yen, references to the "so-called Christian of West China, a B. A. and M. A., of general." But even Mr. Goforth had not a tithe of the knowledge of the Yale University. As a zealous assomaligned warrior statesman possessed by his wife. In the latest direct news ciation worker for the labor battalion concerning him, Mrs. Fling says: "I know that people wonder about me sent to France by China during the and my husband a great deal. We want nothing for our country so much Great War, he faced the problem of as fair treatment by other nations. enabling his illiterate countrymen to We have found many things to admire in Russia. We may be misunderstood. read and communicate with their home They may even put me out of the Church. But I want you to know that friends. His problem Dr. Cairns thus I am trying to live in the spirit of Jesus Christ." describes: Dean Luella Miner, Litt.D., whose One of the greatest of all educational student Mrs. Fling was for some years, difficulties is that of the enormously visited in her home when the general elaborate and complicated Chinese script and his army were stationed at Kal- and vocabulary. I believe it takes a gan on the' Great Wall, and testifies European many months before he can to the Christian character and good begin to be "literate" in the most eledeeds both of Mrs. F€mg and her hus- mentary sense. There are several thouband. Before her marriage, she had sand elaborate characters to learn acted as pastor's assistant of the Con- by heart. Now there are, let us say, gregational church in Peking, and she 350,000,000 Chinese who do not even was also a Y. W. C. A. secretary in know how to read or write the characters the city, both of which offices she of the popular or common, Chinese, filled to satisfaction. The latest good which is likely to become the common deed of Mrs. Fling is told by Presi- language of China. Most of these are dent Li of Yen Ching University, who adults already busy with the cares of was seeking funds for his institution daily life. How can these possibly bein Peking. His fiancee, a fellow stu- come able intelligently to take part in a dent of Mrs. Fling, urged him to se- Republic? This matter of illiteracy is cure a contribution from her, but he one of the almost insoluble problems hesitated as she was busy and was before the new Nationalist Government." just about leaving Peking. Finally he sought an interview, and she in- Mr. Yen hit upon the happy vited him to breakfast. With little suggestion from him, she placed in thought of counting the characters his hands fifty brand new fifty-dollar bills ($250 gold) and said that if he that constitute nine-tenths of the vohad come two or three days earlier it cabulary of common life. Later the might have been twice as much-her benevolence money being almost used count showed that about a thousand up. Remember in prayer Mrs. Fling, characters are used. So a series of the second lady in the land, and her husband. little books were prepared giving in pictorial lessons half a dozen or more "Watch Jimmy Yenl" new characters for each lesson. Then UNDER this title, Principal D. S. he went into key cities and enlisted Cairns, of Aberdeen, explains the greatness and significance of the edu- scholars, especially Christians, who cational "Mass Movement" initiated taught nights in scores ,of groups to adults and children alike these lessons.

The thousand characters could be learned in three months by the aver- age group, using only their spare time, usually at night. So eager are the people to learn these revered charac- ters, that the old are as anxious to learn them as are the children. Then in addition to the set of primers, Yen has published a periodical mainly for farmers, and others will follow. Dr.

Cairns further says: Yen may mean a great deal more for the future of China and mankind than nine-tenths of the Chinese leaders whose names are most before the public today. Various phonetic systems have

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been tried, and are in successful use by The military instructors are all Rus- sian officers, and Mongolian officers missionary workers. But the Chinese attend military conferences at imporare irrevocably attached to their historic tant centers. Russian funds cover decharacters, and so Mr. Yen's scheme ficits not only for military schools, but for the whole educational system. seems to be the only one with a nation- Sanitary conditions are entrusted to wide future before it. If it succeeds, it a commission sent to Urga from the will throw the whole world of religious sanitary office at Irkutsk. literature open to the Christian Church in quite a new way. Imagine what it JAPAN-OHOSEN would mean to our own Churches if Bolshevism a.nd Ohristianity four-fifths of our masses could not read, and we may be able to reali"e the potentialities of a scheme like Mr. Yen's for the whole spiritual future of the people.

TIBET }"7"-AeGvAanWgeAli,stosn, elaobfoJr alpeaande'srsfoarnedmloist-t New Hope for Tibet T HIS is a note concerning the West erary men, in this wise, warns mis- China-Tibet contingent of the sionaries against lessening their efforts Christian and Missionary Alliance: for Japanese evangelization: "The work in China and on the "Bolshevism has a special enmity Tibetan border was hindered by the against Christianity; yet it is spread- withdrawal of the missionaries a year ing daily in Japan, and I fear that ago. We praise God that twelve mis- after this materialism has acquired sionaries for West China and the Ti- some foothold here, it will be very betan border are now in Central China difficult to do evangelistic work among on their way back to the field. We the laborers and pl!asants. I fear that cabled these missionaries in response within a decade Japan may have many to their cabled reqllest, granting them more young men inclined to material- permission to travel to West China, ism unless Christian idealists will even though the American Consul does stand and fight against it. If we do not feel free to give them official au- not endeavor at this crisis to empha- thorization. We expect that half of size evangelism the propagation of the these missionaries, and probably the Gospel must be delayed at least fifty twelve, will reach their field within a years. There has been no period in few months. Eight of these mission- Japanese history of thought so criti- aries are especially assigned to Ti- cal as the present. Yet at the same betan work, in which they were moment the missionaries seem inclined engaged during their past term of to withdraw their forces and the service. Two of them will enter a churches are diminishing in size ….. .

new area among the Tebbu Tibetans. If the missions withdraw their forces There is no more rugged work re- now, there will remain in Japan about quired in the mission fields of the 380 independent churches for 70,000,- world than among the Tibetan tribes, 000 people, and their future will be and we shall be glad for fellowship in like that of Zoroastrianism in India, prayer ministry on the part of God's affecting only an area about Bombay.

children for thiswork."-A. C. Snead, The factory workers, the fishermen, Foreign Secretarlj, C. and M. A. the farmers are still wholly outside the Christian Church. This is the Reds Gain in Mongolia great unfinished task of Christian T RAVELERS returning from Urga, evangelism." capital of Outer Mongolia, report educational advance in that new Re- Tokyo's Interna.tional Hospital public which now boasts of two mili- AMERICAN Episcopalians have long tary schools, a university, three small .tl. been the leading medical workers colleges, seven middle schools and more among Japanese missionaries-prac- than 100 grammar schools. Commu- tically the only ones in recent years- nist theories are taught in all schools. and now they have a building scheme 5

calling for $2,656,500, of which the working in Chosen, including the recent general convention underwrote Salvation Army, the Y. M. C. A., a million. Its head is Dr. Teusler, who the Holiness Mission and the eight has given twenty-seven years' service older missions, have their workers loto the reproduction of an American cated here. I know that twenty-five hospital in Japan, securing treatment services are being held in Korean toequal to that in America. The forty day, in the city and its suburbs, in- Japanese doctors on his staff are equal cluding the Roman Catholic and Episin the science of medicine and medi- copal cathedrals; but doubtless I have cal research to any physicians else- omitted some. Services in Japanese where, it is claimed. number six or more, and in Chinese and Russian, one each." Devolution in Japan Relatively speaking, Seoul's 320,- T HE Rev. Harvey Brokaw sends 000 are well churched, but yet-. news of the giving over of part of the Presbyterian work to the J ap- Intem.perance in Korea. anese Presybterians, a long step toward the giving over to the indigenous MISS ERWIN in The Korean Mischurch of its proper work. He lists sion Field discusses this topic these pieces of work as follows. with these illustrations. "I find a market town every five or ten miles Our Foreign Board through its where commerce is carried on by bar- Japan Mission has turned over some- ter and trade. Every house on Main thing like the following: Street in many of these towns either makes or sells alcoholic drinks. Almost In Naniwa Pre;bytery, 34 aided without exception all cash goes for churches, with all the mission appropri- drink. Nor is the traffic run on a cash ation. The latter this year is Yen 21,- basis. The writer knows of many in- stances where fathers have sold their 269. daughters to pay their drink bills or turned their daughters over to the In Sanyo Presbytery, 8 aided churches, drink shop keeper as a settlement for with the appropriation of Yen 16,313. their bills."

In Hokkaido Presbytery, about 8 aided After telling of how happy women churches, with the appropriation of Yen were in anticipation of clothing for' 1,841. their children which their husbands were going to buy with money en- In Tokyo Presbytery, 6 aided churches, trusted to them, she adds: "As we with an appropriation of Yen 5,382. were returning home, we met these same men coming back from town to This totals about 56 churches with an their country villages. Almost withannual appropriation of Yen 34,805 out exception all were so intoxicated [$17,402]. This annual appropriation that they could not walk straight. is to decrease at a rate not yet fully de- Those who were at all sober were trycided. ing to prevent the rest from fighting, for they were like wild beasts clawing While the Mission has started well at each others' throats. Not a few on a policy of self-support among the were down in the road mauling each rural and neglected population, the other in the dust and dirt. Some had missionaries will still require funds their clothing mostly torn off; some for literature, assistants and. even were calling one another's ancestors motor cars and tenting outfits for every vile term that their muddled itineration. brain could recall. A few had bought some provisions; here was a piece of Seoul as a Christian Center beef in the dust, there two dried fish had been trampled on until they were REV. E. W. KOONS enumerates these facts, among others, which show the importance of SeouL After enumerating schools and colleges, missionary and otherwise, with their nearly 15,000 students, he adds the following: "Seoul is naturally a center for missionary work. Each of the missions

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like pancakes. The Bible woman said day of thanksgiving. How differently that not only had these men squan- we look upon the hospital site now dered their wives' hard earned money, when we realize how the Lord is bringbut that these same men beat their ing to pass the plans that He so long women and children when they reached has laid upon our hearts."-New home." Guinea Tidings.

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Fiji Work in Danger Vasabolo! "Good News!" MR. R. M. BRASTED, General Sec- retary of the New Zealand Asso- WTHERE? In Kwato almost at the ciations, has recently informed the National Council of the Associations W eastern tip of New Guinea. And in India that the New Zealand Asso- ciations will probably be obliged to this is how it exhibited itself, as well as the cause of jubilation. The islanders greatly needed a hospital and ap- pealed for the money from the London give up all the work which they have Society. Mr. Abel, their missionary, been carrying on in Fiji, both among had been sailing about to see the vari- the whites and the Indians. The India ous stations and take snapshots of National Council is considering the them. On his return to Kwato, about possibility of sending a secretary cap- 8: 45 in a drenching rain and Egyp- able of carrying on the work for the tian darkness, as he approached the Indians at least.

shore the channel and town looked Spiritual Need of Dutch B"rneo fast asleep. Then he tells what happened, "Suddenly and as if by magic R A. JAFFRAY, who has been a chain of bonfires burst into light all • journeying among South Sea down the hill and simultaneously a Islands to examine the religious con- line of flaming torches and fires ran dition of the races, shows Dutch along the beach and was reflected wild- Borneo to be an important section of ly in the still black waters of the the unoccupied fields. It has a popu- passage. We were bewildered and lation of about 1,800,000 who live in speechless, as added to this was the the ports along the coast, with a large deafening notes of conch shells and unreached population of Dyaks, often kerosene tins and every sort of drum called "the wild men of Borneo," who and gong you can imagine. Then, formerly were cannibals and head- silhouetted against the blaze of bon- hunters. Our Methodists have done a fires, were crowds of people all cheer- little work in the ports, as have two ing and banging kerosene tins and other Missions, including the Dutch blowing conch shells. It was most State Church. The interior dwellers impressive and extraordinary beyond are unreached. The Dutch Missionary words. In a flash this thundering din Consul urged that work be undertaken of noise and blaze of light had burst in unoccupied sections on the east loose upon us and I began to wonder' coast, and on the west coast with a whether I was in my right mind. The center from which to go inland and noise was deafening-a pandemonium reach the Dyaks. There are a number ·of joy. The captain of my boat shouted of language groups that would prove to me, 'They must be mad.' And I an obstacle, but need is greater than :shouted back, 'They wouldn't all go linguistic difficulties.

mad at once; I think it is good news (vasabolo.), Then came the news- Chinese Mission in Ma.nila.

B 'The contract has been signed in Lon- EFORE Bishop Mosher of the Philippines started for the Protdon.' I felt like collapsing, but instead threw up my hands and cheered with estant Episcopal Convention in Wash- the rest of them. The whole popula- ington he signed a check for $30,000 tion seemed to be on the wharf ….. . for the purchase of grounds in the Tomorrow, Sunday, is to be a special center of Manila, to make possible

the accommodation of Chinese work wide interdenominational missionary which was begun by one of the Epis- conferences, 1a y men's mISSIOnary copal missionaries twenty-five years movement conventions and city-wide ago. Rev. H. Studley had acquired missionary institutes. Normal train- the Amoy dialect and as soon as he ing institutes in missions will follow reached Manila he began the only work the city-wide missionary conferences.

being done for the Chinese. It is said Each church in the city will be asked that the city has half the ·Chinese to send one or two registered dele- population of the entire United States, gates. In this institute expert train- and it is of the utmost importance ing will be given in the best methods that such a work as is now made pos- of missionary education and in the sible should be vigorously prosecuted. use of literature to Sunday school teachers, leaders of young people's so- NORTH AMERICA cieties, presidents of women's mission- Census of Federated Churches ary societies and leaders of men's Bi- ble classes. The Committee on Home T HE report of the Federal Census Cultivation is cooperating with the of 1926 says that there were 361 Missionary Education Movement in federated churches in the United developing the program of this new States with a membership of 59,977 department.

at that date. A federated church in their usage is one made up of two or Methodist Mission Budget more denominations, organizations, or units, each mairi.taining a separate ON NOVEMBER 21st the Methodmembership, yet acting as one body ist Board of Foreign Missions in the holding of religious services adopted a budget of $3,383,196 for and usually in maintaining a Sunday its foreign 'work for 1929. Of this school and in most or all social ac- large total $1,783,196 was a direct aptivities. How the denominations unit- propriation for foreign mission work, ed is shown by these figures: There and an additional $1,600,000 was "conwere 86 churches made up of a Con- tingent upon receipts." Out of the gregational and a Methodist Episcopal "direct fund," $584,000 is for China, unit; 40 Congregational and Bap- Japan and Korea, $406,000 for India tist units; 27 Presbyterian and and Burma, $111,000 for the Philip- Methodist Episcopal units; 22 Con- pine Islands and Malaysia, $136,000 gregational and Presbyterian units; for Central and South Africa, $253,- and 17 Methodist Episcopal and North- 000 for Mexico, Central America and ern Baptist units. Many of the re- South America and $291,000 for North maining churches were made up of Africa and Europe. To authorize this more than two units. Of these, 354 large expenditure twenty-four of the reported contributions of $1,272,455, thirty-two bishops were present.

of which $189,725 were for missions McAuley Mission's "Who's Who?" and other benevolences. SUPERINTENDENT BRITT of the Cooperation in Missiona.ry Cultiva.tion Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mission gives an informal classification of the T HE organization of a Department many who owe their salvation and of Leadership Training and Pro- bodily welfare to this famous mission motion under the Missionary Educa- in New York City.

tion Movement, with Rev. Walter "Are all the men who come to this Getty as Secretary, promises much mission uneducated? Perhaps sixty needed help to boards and local per cent of those who come are of churches. Plans are on foot whereby the laboring class; twenty per cent the Missionary Education Movement are of a class who have been roving through this new department will at- around, sinful and dirty, for many tempt to conserve the values of city- years. All men are given a definite

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time to show evidence of cleaning their ity which our pupils and former stu- lives with the help of God, and if dents are taking in church and we see that they seek only material community life. Their influence marks things, we take the proper action as a noticeable improvement in moral the Lord may direct. Another twenty standards, industry and economic per cent are men who have had the life."

advantages of an education and a high position in life, but who have lost Harmonious Cooperation S . out because of sin. Many of these ECRETARY LEIPER gives an interesting illustration of coopera- men are now back in their former status in life, holding executive posi- tive work out in California. He tions, and others are preparing to re- writes: "Miss A. J. Ballard of the turn. The laboring class is directed Committee on Migrant Work for the to employment, and the twenty per Council of Women for Home Missions cent who do not work are told what was recently in the Sacramento Val- is expected of them, and, if they do ley. She reports from Walnut Grove not respond, they are released from the impressions gained on· visiting a the care of this mission." "Aggres- clinic set up in the interests of mi- sive evangelism every day of the year" grant workers. 'We have an unusually is the motto of this mission where interesting group working together Jerry McAuley was converted. here,' she says, 'a Confucian dentist, (Chinese); a Japanese Buddhist doc- Indians BecoJlliug "School-Minded" tor; an American Catholic doctor; a MR. MARTIN L. GIRTON, super- Presbyterian registered nurse and intendent of the Presbyterian Baptist and Methodist religious work- Tucson Indian Training School of Es- ers. We are all working harmoniously cuela, Arizona, writes: "Indians are together to touch the lives of children becoming school-minded-and with a and bring out the best influences in vengeance. Not many years ago, par- their lives.'''

ents thought that they were doing the school a great favor by allowing their A Doctor's Work in an Igloo A children to attend. But that day has W. NEWHALL, pastor and doctor • of the Presbyterian Board within gone forever. Now parents are ready to make large sacrifices that their chil- the Arctic Circle, lets a trader, who dren may have the privilege of an was present, tell of his doings in an education. F:ahers who can scarcely Eskimo igloo-house usually made of speak a word of English talk of their snow. He writes: "A trader who children going through high school; had been sitting with his back against and many of the pupils, too, are catch- the wall, and now, stretching his legs ing a vision of what such opportunities preparatory to rising, burst into a will mean. loud laugh and said, 'Wal, doctor, this "Under these circumstances, it is here has been quite a meetin'. I think not surprising that the schools are full you've done enough for today. You've to overflowing. We endeavored to re- done the preachin' and singin' and duce our enrollment to capacity this the prayin'; you've baptized the babies year but the attempt proved a failure. and took some folks into the church.

Today, with a capacity of 175, we have You've given the communion and mar- an attendance of 193, and this num- ried them folks and given medicine ber will doubtless be increased to 200 to the sick. You've taught the chil- before this year's session is in full dren to sing some songs for Christ- swing. Fully fifty have been turned mas and you've pulled teeth. I dunno away already……. During the past what more you can do tonight, so you summer I visited many Indian com- might as well close this meetin' so we munities and returned gladdened in can lie down on this floor and git to heart to see the places of responsibil- sleep.' "

Dr. Newhall concludes thus: "So in the Mexican population, that is, a short prayer was made and the meet- seventy-five per cent, is as great as ing closed. Most of the people went in any other Latin American country, out but some tarried to see the mis- and presumably their attachment to sionary and the trader undress and the faith is as great. The inevitable get to bed. The trader stretched him- conclusion, therefore, is that Latin self out by the stove, while the doctor Americans are not willing to fight for laid his sleeping bag along the wall their religion. The old, uncompromisand crawled into it. The atmosphere ing, crusading zeal of the Spaniard' in the room was dense, but it was has disappeared from America." He warm and a shelter from the wind adds this quotation from Davalos y and cold. All floor space was taken Lisson: "The sacred word in the pulup by other sleepers." pit no longer moves hearts to contri- tion. The Christian people are content LATIN AMERICA to hear mass and oblige their children to confess."-Current History. Y. W. C. A. in the Canal Zone In Five Republics OUR young women are doing a very helpful work in the Canal Zone T HE Inland South America Union for thirty-two nationalities of that was founded in 1902 to carry the section. The latest report informs us Gospel to the unreached Indians and that their work is having its influence others in the interior of South Ameriupon the lives of Spanish-speaking ca. Throughout all these years prayer Panamanian girls, and that boy and has been answered and faith rewarded, girl parties for the two sexes are be- and in the last six years the work on ing considered for them, though hith- the field has been increased fourfold. erto unheard of in the zone. Many The fields are in Paraguay, Brazil, of the "Y" members are daughters of Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. Natofficials and employees in Canal Zone urally the work is hampered by lack service, though clubs for 300 colored of missionaries and trained Indian asgirls are also a feature of their work. sistants. Travel is also an impediment in those wildernesses, though they Latin ADiericans and Religion have a motor launch which enables missionaries on the upper Paraguay lLOYD MECHAM, Professor of Lat- and its branches to reach many who Lin American History, in discussing otherwise would nevephear the Gos- "Latin America's Fight Against Cleri- pel. Millions of Indians are as yet cal Domination," says of the common unreached. attitude on religion: "Notwithstanding the popular conception that the Catholic Argentina and the Bible Latin American is fanatically devoted to the Catholic faith, we generally find THE British Weekly contains a lethim supinely acquiescing, while am- ter from Rev. Robert F. Elder, a bitious caudillos make use of the Baptist missionary, in which he gives Church for political purposes. There an interesting movement in Argentina, were many prophecies in 1926, when albeit one against Protestantism. An the drastic anti-clerical legislation was Argentinian organization somewhat enforced in Mexico, that there would like the Y. M. C. A. has published be a popular uprising. It is true that 100,000 Gospels, and groups of young isolated revolts have taken place and ladies have been selling them in the that the situation today is charged streets of Buenos Aires. June 24th with uncertainty; but one would have was celebrated as "Gospel Day," and expected that, if the Mexicans are as a great meeting, attended by governdevoted to the faith as they are gen- ment and civil authorities, was held erally believed to be, they would have in the Colon Theater, when addresses forcibly opposed the religious laws were given and broadcast. Senor Ricci long ago. The percentage of Catholics

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in the introductory address is reported appearing from their Griiningen Disto have said: "This meeting has a trict owing to a plague of rats that clearly defined end in view which is have eaten their rice which is their to arouse a general movement for the main support. It is one of the hardest study and propagation of the great places in that region for earning a code of Christian civilization in order support, and hence their field is alto counteract with the Divine power most depopulated. If they ha(l a that emanates from the inspired book motor boat visitation, rather than the menacing problem of a cunning resident work, the mission might be demagogy and heresy which would kept up. Maintaining "congregaexpose to danger the beautiful tradi- tions," so essential in Moravian Mistions of the Latin peoples and the sions, is practically impossible. In settled order of the Argentine people, that country, the educational work of which never has wished and never the mission which was formerly queswill desire to serve other doctrines tionable, is now regarded as one of which in other countries have sown the most encouraging features. As hatred and sin." Government is not conducting higher education, the Moravians must carry Desiring to learn whether this was it on unless they leave that work to the true import of it all, an Argen- the Roman Catholics. tinian Baptist pastor wrote asking the price of the Gospels, and received this Eastern Amazonia Superstition in reply in part: "Weare pleased to tell you that, being desirous of giving THE Heart of Amazonia Mission the Gospel the widest possible circula- of Brazil asks prayer for the retion to counteract the Protestant prop- moval of an obstacle not often menaganda, we have published the four tioned in reports. The editor writes in one volume, pocket size, cloth bind- of Messrs. Roberts and Symes: ing, which also contains the preparation for confession and the commun- "It is evident that they are face ion and the ordinary for holy mass. to face with several difficulties. One The price is 0.50 pesos." of these arises from the superstitions of the Indians among whom they are The Japanese iu Brazil working. Sickness has seized many of them and deaths have resulted. I T IS reported that in the state of These are attributed by the Indians Para in northern Brazil, 2,500,000 to our brethren. They have the imacres of land iIi Acara have been pression that they have so exposed the granted to the South American De- evil designs of the Prince of Darkvelopment Company, a Japanese con- ness, that he has retaliated by afflictcern, formed for the exploitation of ing them and causing death. So strong the cotton possibilities in that state. is this superstition that some of them The company proposes to bring, with- will no longer join in the singing of in the next ten years, 40,000 persons the hymns they used to enjoy so much, to settle on the property. If this hap- or will they attend the meetings, nor pens, our mission boards are facing pray, lEst the enemy of their souls another opening akin to that among should lay his evil hand upon them." the Japanese in Hawaii. EUROPE Ra.ts and Mora.vian Missions Scots Back Church Fusion THE Moravians, who have always chosen the difficult fields of the AN OVERWHELMING approval was world, are facing obstacles in their section of South America which make 1"1 given by their General Assemblies them question the advisability of continuing. The Creoles, who have on November 21st to union of the constituted their main charge, are dis- Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. The plan of union will need to be considered and approved by the presbyteries of

both Churches, which will convene tenary of the Rhenish Missions. As next May; and if approved the two in the case of the Basel Mission the churches will become one in the Au- year before, the many missionary sotumn. So unanimous was this action cieties of the continent in their pubthat of several hundreds of delegates lications bear tribute to the work done of the Church of Scotland only seven by the magnificent society in the hunmembers objected, while only forty- dred years of its existence. eight members of the United Free Church disagreed. Dr. Julius Richter, in the Neue All- gem e in e Missionsz13itschrijt, de- MeAll Mission Project scribes the Rhenish Society first of all as the teacher of primitive peoples. T HE latest one is the pUblication In Asia the adoption of Islam and of a periodical to be called L13 Buddhism have led to the deterioration Bat13li13r (The Bargeman) to be cir- of vigorous healthy masses of humanculated among the large number of ity while Christianity has helped to men and women, with their children, make the European nations the ruling who live on the canals and rivers of races of the world. France. There are said to be 8,700 miles of these waterways and upon Today Dr. Richter sees a twofold them ply more than 2,000 barges oc- task looming before world missions. cupied by nl) less than 50,000 people. The first part concerns the cultured The mission has this new approach nations of Asia, and the second reto another class unto whom the lates to the more neglected and backchurches have not ministered. ward races. He thinks that German missions have found their objective Evangelizing by Wireless in Iceland mainly among such uncivilized peoples whom it is of utmost importance to T HE Icelanders are noted for their bring under the influence of Chris- educational system, so that reading tianity. is almost universal. As this island, one-fifth larger than Ireland, has no The Rhenish mission has led three railroads and few motor roads except in the southwest, with bogs and extension fields of this kind; viz. in mountain ranges to limit communica- former Kaiser Wilhelm Land, in Bortions, Mr. Arthur Gook, who has been neo and among the natives of South a missionary there for twenty-three and Southwest Africa. The Papuas years, spends much of his time in of New Guinea belong to the great preparing literature, which is distrib- circle of Melanesian and Papuan peouted by post. This literature has ples. This field was taken over during resulted in many converts, most of the war by the Lutherans of Australia whom have never seen Mr. Gook. In and the Iowa Synod in America. Even- 1927 it occurred to him that broad- tually the Barmen Society will resume casting would serve the purpose even its work there. In Dutch East Indies better, and it has proved successful. the work is among the Botaks where Unfortunately the electrical power a primitive heathenism has maintained was not always to be depended upon itself. In southern Africa there is a and the broadcasting has been given varied mixture of races, that are up until a generating plant for his among the lowest beings in the scale northern station is secured. of humanity. For nearly one hundred years the Rhenish Mission has worked Centenary of the Rhenish Mission here with indescribable faith and pa- tience. A110NG the great jubilee celebrafitions of the past year, none has The results of this centenary of laassumed such prominence as the Cen- bor are shown in the indigenous Botak Churches in Sumatra with 250,000 Christians, the greatest indigenous church in existence.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Swedish Mission's Semi-Centenial has been found for all these girls in various millinery, dressmaking, or ,HE Free Church Missionary So- other establishments where they will 1 ciety of Sweden, which works in soon learn a trade and become self- supporting. The home can accommo- Central China, Chinese Turkestan and date seventy-five at one time. The the Congo, recently celebrated its fif- girls do practically all the work. tieth anniversary in Stockholm. The services were attended by 15,000 par- Moscow Urges War on Religion ticipants and a gift of 900,000 crowns was presented by friends of the so- AWIRELESS despatch from the ciety. A minister of state participated New Y Qrk Times' Moscow corand Archbishop SOderblom sent a cor- respondent, sent on Christmas Day, dial letter of congratulations. enlarges upon this topic, saying among other things, that among the anti- Czechoslovakian Churches Soviet forces are members of the old Greek Church, Methodists, Baptists DR. HROMADAA of Prague writes and others whose total may number in the December Federal Council from twenty to thirty million, as Buk- BuUetin as follows: "In 1927 the harin, the Kremlin's chief spokesman Czechoslovakian churches for m e d estimates. The Pravda gives the folthemselves into a Federation …… A lowing list in the twelfth year of strong religious movement arose aft- Soviet power: er the Great War all over the Czech country and drew a great number of 1. Fifty thousand establishments occuformer Catholics to the Protestant pied without payment by 250,000 "acchurches. Especially in the west of tives" of the various faiths, including· Bohemia, many new congregations Mohammedans, Buddhists and Jews. have been built up of those converts who left the Roman and joined Czech 2. A hundred thousand religious Protestant churches. The number of groups transformed from cooperative the members of Czech Brethren in- associations, cartels, communal farms, creased from 160,000 to 255,000. Up etc. to the present time the effort toward union has not met with complete suc- 3. Fifty thousand church councils. cess …… Nevertheless the Federation of Czechoslovakian Protestant 4. From forty to fifty per cent of the Churches brings together about 700,- children of the Soviet Union still under 000 out of a total of one million Prot- the influence of the Church. And then estants in Czechoslovakia. (The total the conclusion follows: population of this country was 13,-· 600,000 in 1921.)" What is the use of boasting of the suc- cess of the anti-religious propaganda. Home for Working Girls in Athena when despite its prohibition, the sale of Christmas trees has gone on openly in T HROUGH the gift of $1,000 from the center of the city on the very spot the Anglican Churches of Vic- where the church was torn down? toria. British Columbia, Near East Relief was able to open a Working The Pravda devotes a four-column Girls' Home in Athens. A fine old leading editorial to proving from the residence near the Arch of Hadrian, works of Lenin and Marx that antion the road to the Acropolis, was se- religious propaganda is not only imcured for the girls. This home was po r tan t from the ideological greatly needed to provide an outlet viewpoint, but that it is actually a for some eighty to ninety older girls, phase of the class warfare which is almost all of whom are physically the keystone of the Marxist faith. handicapped and could not be placed That this is partly shared by the peoin homes as servants. Already work ple is seen in a cartoon which shows a "comrade" as asking a friend, "How can you have a Christmas tree like this?" He receives the answer, "It's all right-don't you see that all the lamps are red?"

AFRICA them …… They have seen to it that his progress about the British Isles A New Egyptian Sphinx has been attended with all the pomp and publicity that would be accorded T HIS is a statue unveiled in Cairo any important potentate. The less early in October. It represents a prepared, therefore, were they for the peasant woman standing beside a speech which the African chief made sphinx and pushing back the veil- before the Liverpool Chamber of Comand Islam's symbol par excellence has merce just before he sailed for home. always been the veil! May it be a Finding himself in such a place, he true omen that Islamic womanhood seemed to feel it natural to speak of is awakening to see her rights and is the form of commerce that was most soon going to obtain them in Christ. upon his mind. And that turned out Mission Director George Swan writes: to be the white man's importation of "We are fighting for the freedom of liquor into the Gold Coast. No less the young womanhood of Egypt, for than 1,300,000 gallons of spirits were the sake of all present and coming sent from Great Britain to the Gold young converts and enquirers. Ex- Coast last year. He told of what it traordinary difficulties are being en- was doing to the people of the Gold countered at every turn, but we Coast-of the physical and social misbelieve that the Lord has given us this ery that followed in its train. He told commission to see through, and that of the way in which it militated the result will be a step forward to- against the success of legitimate trade, ward true freedom." since the people who had been infected with a craving for drink soon had no Baptism of an Arab money left wherewith to buy useful articles. He appealed for help from DR. ZWEMER writes from Cairo the West-the Christian West !-in as follows: "Last June it was protecting his people against the our privilege to baptize here in Cairo Vest's own greed." an Arab from Nejd. His story is of deep interest. He was engaged in the Bed Rock Economy war at Taif; the bloodshed was terrific and the cruelty, as he stated, in- T HE Heart of Africa Mission, esdescribable. At that time he lost faith tablished by a wealthy English in Islam, and looked for a religion of Christian, C. T. Studd, who gave up love. Someone gave him a Bible. The his entire fortune to further worldrest of the story is that by the study wide evangelization, was recently visof the Book, he determined to become ited by an English Christian who gives a Christian, found his way to Damas- us illustrations of how extreme is the cus and then to Cairo. Through some economy practiced by these missiontracts of the Nile Mission Press he aries almost at the heart of Africa. found his way to our home, joined a "There are no buildings," he says, class of our mission here and was "that cost over £2 and only a few of baptized. He has now gone to Aden these. Generally £1 will cover the to work under the Scotch Mission and cost of a house of worship or for a is doing very well." missionary. Not a little money goes into expensive buildings. Not so here; "The Heathen Loses His Blindness" only bamboo or mud walls. As to mis- sionary allowances, these are down to ONCE more a dweller in the be- bed rock; there must be no reduction. nighted portions of the earth When they fall short-well, there is has arisen to tell the West of its sins. such self-denial that if we knew it And once more the West has no ade- at home we should hang our heads in quate reply to make. For reasons of shame." Strange to say, this visitor State the Paramount Chief of the tells us that the health of the workers Akim Abuakua on the Gold Coast, Sir Ofori Atta, has been entertained by

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 155-

is as good as in other missions. Of of water, so that the filings will fall Mr. Studd's headquarters, he says that into the water. Give this to the patient it also is of bamboo, with earth floor to drink. Then take the half crown pounded hard and with very ordinary and place it over the various parts of things in it, Mr. Studd joking about the body. When the half crown ishis "desk" and other furnishing for placed over a certain spot and the patheir lack of "finish." tient experiences a sharp pain, then that place is the root of the trouble." But with it all, our witness informs -Edinburgh Medical Mission Report.. us of an amazing four days' conference with 2,000 Negroes present with Gerltlans Return to Bukoba the missionaries, and that of the former about 1,000 gave up their sips and WEST of Lake Victoria in what dedicated their lives to God and his was formerly German East Afri-· service. From village to village, our ca, the Bethel Mission was located in informant went and found in all of Ruanda and it is now Belgian territhem an earnest spirit and of the mis- tory. Before the war the Germans. sionaries he says: "In all these weeks conducted there a very successful one never heard a word of criticism work. South African Methodist misby anyone of our missionaries of sionaries have looked after this terrianother. How refreshing it was to tory ever since that time, but have· get out of the homeland atmosphere gradually withdrawn and now have into such a one of love!" handed back the entire field to the German missionaries who have reen- African Notes for Doctors tered with a considerable staff.

DR. TILL of Swaziland writes from WESTERN ASIA his own observation the following notes and others. The Anti-missionary Near East "A baby a few weeks old was suf- I N THE Near East, the former tolfering from bronchial pneumonia; the eration of Christianity has been treatment was as follows: A large broken up by unreasoning outbursts· sheet was soaked in varnish and the of opposition. Dr. Robert P. Wilder baby was wrapped in it. A small space accounts for it mainly on five grounds. was left around the baby's mouth and 1. Recent happenings in Turkey, such nose, but otherwise it was completely as the abolition of the Khalifate, have covered by this sheet. Needless to say shaken to its foundations Islam among the baby was dead within twenty-four thinking Moslems throughout thehours. world. 2. This would naturally stiffen and put on their guard the Ulema and "Another treatment I came across official Islam everywhere. 3. The infor enteritis was this: A field mouse filtration of Christian ideas through was caught, killed and skinned. The the war and especially through Chrisskin was then placed on the fire and tian literature, medical, educational boiled for three days. At the end of and evangelistic missions is felt to be that time the poor, unfortunate pa- a real danger to Islam. 4. Agnostitient was made to drink the whole of cism, which one of the highest official the concoction in one dose. Moslems in Egypt affirms possesses the bulk of educated youth, is another "One man gave his son, a boy of foe. 5. There are other watchers who about fifteen, half a pound of red lead believe firmly that the sinister influto eat. This was to cure colic. It ence underlying these symptoms is did, and they had the funeral the next Russia's Soviet government, which day. though violently anti-religious, is yet doing its utmost through large sub- "I have also discovered a new method of diagnosis. Take a half-crown and file a small piece of it over a cup

sidies and other propaganda to attack INDIA AND SIAM the Mandatory Powers operating in Moslem countries of the Levant. These Second Stage of Missions ideas are also those of Bishop Gwynne of Egypt and the Sudan. F ROM the November issue of the National Christian Council Review Robert Wilder's Tours we quote the following item, reported from the Abbottabad Conference. I N "NEWS from the Area of the Council for Western Asia and In the development of the Church con- Northern Africa" Robert Wilder gives sciousness in India, we are now entering an account of many journeys in South- a second stage. About a quarter of a eastern Europe, Northern Africa, and century ago the Church in India began Western Asia. During these months to realize its responsibility in the evanhe has made valuable investigations gelization of "The Motherland." The in Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, Con- National Missionary Societies and the stantinople, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, home missionary societies, connected Algiers and Tunis. His account with various denominations, were organabounds in statistics of the various ized. For the last few years, however, religions and briefly tells of meetings a new call is being heard by the Church held at various points. The longest and it is groping to find its way to take intensive touch with missions was at a forward step. The Church in India Constantinople, where the American can no longer content itself with the Board missionaries were at their an- needs of its own people, but it is being nual meeting. Their delegates num- prepared to launch forth in a bigger efbered sixty, and for them he conducted fort to carry the Gospel to adjacent a retreat and at the annual meeting lands. The doors to Afghanistan and he addressed them daily. He reports Central Asia may not be wide open yet, a great movement in the Gregorian but there are many indications that the Church, especially in Aleppo, where day is not far distant when the Christian one of the Gregorian pastors preaches soldiers will hear the bugle call to march each week to audiences of between 800 onward. God is preparing the Indian and 1,500 on the need of repentance. Church to take its legitimate share in this "push" when it comes. Neglected Jews Gandhi and Christian School Girls T HE "Chosen People," children of Abraham, heirs of the Covenant, MAHATMA GANDHI recently viscustodians of the oracles of God, are ited the Uduvil Girls School of still a neglected people, largely over- Northern Ceylon. He had been told looked by those who take the Gospel that half the students were Hindus of Christ to the unevangelized. Rev. and half Christians-some 600 in all S. B. Rohold of Haifa, Palestine, -and that no distinction was made writes: between high and low castes.

"The following fields are without Addressing the girls, he said that any definite Christian missionary to he was glad to find Christians and the Jews-(l) The whole of Mesopo- Hindus working together, and living tamia, (2) large cities of Syria, like together without caste distinction; Beirut, Tripoli, Damascus (since the that it mattered not what sort of departure of Rev. Elias Newman) and clothes a girl wore-she might be Aleppo." dressed in silks and look very beauti- ful; those things did not count. But The same is true of many cities of it did matter how her heart looked: Europe, Africa and North America how she felt in her heart toward othwhere the only contacts with Jews are ers. If she was proud and looked commercial and political, and are not down on other girls in the school, or always Christian. felt no sympathy for the poor or un- fortunate, she was not really beauti- ful. He then spoke of the Khaddar movement [home-made cloth] and the need of the poor of India for help from their Singhalese sisters, and urged them to support it.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Tommies Evangelizing in India consideration by the British Govern- ment and by Parliament. The effect METHODIST missionaries laboring of carrying out this veiled threat in Cawnpore not only report that would sorely hamper all missionary hundreds of British soldiers attend operations except possibly the medical services, but that they have become so work. enthusiastic about the work that many of them are assisting in village evan- Centennial of Ko Tha Byu gelization. They do not speak Hindustani, but they go out and sell gospels, THE first Protestant convert to be and then later they find some Indian baptized among Burma's millions, who speaks English and with him as has been remembered by a vast multiinterpreter, they add their testimonies tude, missionaries and foreigners, and explanations of Christianity to who had been drawn together from the printed Word. Going alone or by India and Burma and even from twos, their ringing testimonies as to America, to celebrate the historic what Christ is in their lives, have led event of this humble Karen's baptism. to conversions. They reach the Mos- The principal celebration took place lems, also, and one story is given as beside the dhobe pond where the rite an illustration. A Tommy and his was originally administered. One interpreter were walking along near feature of it was the immersion of a Mohammedan and his wife. The ten Indian, six Karen, four Burman, man .was reading an unclean book and three Chinese candidates, with aloud and laughing over it. The evan- from 1,200 to 1,400 spectators standgelizers joined them and asked the ing by the same tank in which the first Moslem what he was reading. This convert was baptized a century ago. led to an exchange of books, there was prayer and in due season both Among many important items of husband and wife were converted. the Conference which accompanied the celebration, was a discussion of the Another story is as follows: The devolution of responsibility and drummer of the regiment on his first leadership from foreign to local vacation after years of service, spent bodies. A feature that was accomit with his interpreter in this way and plished only through the cooperation attracted good sized groups, so that he of many friendly autos was when the returned to the church to report a 1,702 delegates went on a sight-seeing wonderful vacation, and to tell of the tour of Tavoy. success of his plan. Work for Chinese in Siam A Threat for India T HOUGH the first convert to Prot- ON DECEMBER 28th a compromise estant Christianity in Siam was a resolution framed by the two Chinese, and though they are numerwings of the All-Indian and Moslem ous in Bangkok, the work for the race League was adopted by a vote of 118 was neglected for various reasons. to 45. It was sponsored by Mahatma Since 1920, however, it has been stead- Gandhi and declares that if the Brit- ily growing. At first the Cantonese ish Government, by the end of 1929, and Swatow groups worshiped todoes not accept in its entirety the gether, but as the two dialects are Dominion Status Commission for In- widely different, services were begun dia, drafted by the Nehru Committee, for: the Cantonese, and in a few years the Congress would organize a non- the Cantonese church members have cooperation movement, including the increased to nearly a hundred. Today non-payment of taxes. Gandhi said the church has a regular pastor and that the Nehru report was not meant is practically self-supporting, selffor the Simon Commission, which is governing and self-propagating. Presthere from England investigating con- byterian missionaries are greatly ditions, but it was intended for the encouraged in this work.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Ancient Chinese Political Theories. Kuo- have the Light. In the light of these cheng Wu. 340 pp. Shanghai. 1928. facts, ordinary excuses seem selfish While this volume does not bear di- and small. The mass of well-chosen rectly upon missions, it is of impor- material, the warmth of a passion tance to those who would understand born of Love Divine, the quotations the Chinese outlook on life. It deals and stories should melt a heart of with the great philosophers of the first stone.

miUenium before Christ, who have The author is the Executive Secre- molded the Chinese thought of all suc- tary of the Presbyterian Church ceeding generations. The author has (South) and his whole life-work has not utilized .recent critical studies by given him the right to speak; his soul Chinese and foreigners on the authen- is afire with love and he voices a loud ticity of the texts he uses, and at times call from the Risen Redeemer to this omission weakens his conclusions, all Christians to follow Him in sacri- but he has brought together in Eng- fice and to carry the Word of Life to lish translation a large number of the millions dying in sin and misery.

pertinent passages from the ancient There are chapters for the preacher, philosophers and has let them speak for the Sunday-school, for the critic.

for themselves with a minimum of One deals with "The Bible and Mis- necessary interpretation. Many of his sions," and another with "The Penny quotations, particularly from the and Missions." It enlarges one's faith Legalists, have not before appeared in the power of Christ to save all na- in English. K. S. LATOURETTE. tions and to meet needs. It is accu- The Desire of All Nations. Egbert W. rately described as "a rebuke and in- Smith. 193 pp. $1.50. New York. 1928. spiration to preachers, an acid test of This is one of the strongest apolo- the Church's vitality, an exposure of getics for missions that has appeared in recent years. If any real believer the perils of the world, and a book of in Jesus Christ has no interest in stimulating devotion aiming to pro- mote likeness to the Lord Jesus Christ." FRANK LUKENS.

missions, here is the book that will Farmer Wu, the Man who Baptized Himtouch him. It comes out of a fervent heart, full of the true missionary spir- self. C. N. Lack. Illustrated. 53 pp. 6d. London. 1927. it of Christ Himself, and out of a This charming little story of Chimind plentifully informed on the great nese village life, tells how a farmer theme. It is not cold reasoning; it is was converted by having the Bible filled with facts and incidents from read to him. For years he walked humanity itself and reaches the heart miles to a Christian chapel. Mr. Wu with compelling power. If it should was disappointed when the missionbe published in cheaper form and aries were driven away by the Boxers spread by thousands, it would help before he had been baptised, but one to awaken pastors and people alike to day he fell into the water and instead the awful need of the unsaved and the of being angry took this for his bapinescapable obligation of those who tism, and so plunged in again with a 158

BOOKS WORTH READING

prayer for the gift of the Holy Spirit. to keep abreast of evangelical Chris- tian progress and to have an intelli- When the missionaries returned he gent view of the outlook before the Church of Christ in its campaign to was publicly baptised before some evangelize the world in His Name and Power. A more extended review of thousands of his countrymen, and be- these volumes will appear later.

came a preacher. He suffered for his Across the World of Islam. Samuel M. Zwemer. lIlus. 8 vo. 382 pp. $4. faith, but rejoiced in the conversion New York. 1929. Dr. Zwemer is one of the foremost of his family and relatives. The read- Christian authorities on modern er's heart warms with a desire to thought, life and work among Mos- lems. He has been a missionary to bring Christ to the millions that wait them for forty years and has traveled in all their lands. He is the honored in darkness. FRANK LUKENS. Editor of the The Moslem World and the author of a large number of books China Christian Year Book for 1928. on Islam. The present volume is a Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. view of the Mohammedan World as 446 pp. $1.80. Shanghai. 1928. he has seen it and studied conditions in Arabia, Turkey, Mesopotamia, In- We welcome this fifteenth volume dia, Egypt, North Africa, the Sudan, of a valuable series after one year of South Africa, Dutch East Indies, omission due to disturbances in China. China and Europe. The picture is The contents are rich and varied, in- graphic, stimulating and informing. cluding surveys of political events and The author has a wonderful undertheir effect on the Christian Church, standing both of Mohammed and of the status of women in China, re- Christ and it is worth while to see ligious liberty in China, movements with his eyes and to have the reaction for Christian unity, and the present of his mind and heart. On the side outlook for religious education, as well Dr. Zwemer discusses such topics as as sections on social life, health work "Could Mohammed Read and Write," and literature. The authors are mis- "Women in the Koran and Traditions," sionary authorities such as Prof. Har- "The Mosque as a Place of Worship," old Balme, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin and "Mecca the Mysterious" and "The New Bishop Roots, but especially note- World of Islam." worthy are the thirteen Chinese Christian contributors. These include the Youth and the New America. G. Bromley national secretary of the Anti-Opium Oxnam. 167 pp. Cloth $1, paper 60c. Association, the secretary of the China New York. 1928. Christian Educational Movement, a member of the Village Education The quality of a house is determined Movement, the Commissioner of Edu- very largely by the builder, and the cation for Kwangtung and several quality of a book depends very largely members of the China Christian Coun- upon the character of the author. Dr. cil. The volume is worthy of close Oxnam, now president of De Pauw study. University, has one of the keenest minds and one of the most stimulat- Report of the Jerusalem Meeting of the ing personalities to be found among International Missionary Council. 8 our younger generation of religious volumes. 12 mo. $6. New York and leaders. In addition to what the London. 1928. schools can offer, Dr. Oxnam has had the advantage of world-wide travel, The Jerusalem gathering last Spring and he brings to his interpretation of was notable for the personnel that national problems, in terms adapted met from all lands, for the importance of the topics discussed, the spirit manifested, and the program outlined. These eight volumes give the reports of the various commissions, the discus~ion on them and the general addresses and conclusions. They are an unusually rich source of information and are necessary to those who wish

to youth, a preparation for his task The themes include: "How We May be which is of the very best. He ana- Sure," "Christianity a Unique Reli- lyzes the characteristics of modern gion," "The Everlasting Arms,"

American life and then measures our "Things that Cannot be Shaken,"

present standards of conduct with the "What it is to Be a Christian," "A measuring rod of the principles laid Soul-Winning Church," etc. They are down by Jesus. Questions of social good for any church and any denom- justice, peace and war, race relations ination. FRANK LUKENS.

and human brotherhood are played Joy Rides. A Picture-Making Book. 20 pp. 18. London. 1927. up in a most challenging fashion, and A story, a suggestion and a space the book concludes with a most effec- in which to cut out, color and paste a picture, are the means used here to intive appeal to help make America terest and instruct children in mis- sions. The six "Joy Rides" are excelthe Beautiful." J. T. S lent educational alld inspirational journeys into Egypt, India, West Af- Three Boys on the Yangtse. B. M. Mc- rica, Japan, China and Palestine. Kinley. Illus. 8 vo. 252 pp. $2. New York. 1928. Deeds Done for Christ. Sir James Mar- China is a great land for novelty chant. 8 vo. 335 pp. $2.50. New York. 1928. and adventure. The boys found both and much more. Other boys and girls Christians today know too little of will be delighted to share their ex- the great heroes of the Church. The periences trlj.veling through the heart Christian biographical sketches in of China by houseboat and other this volume deal not only with some strange modes of travel, passing well-known saints, martyrs and piothrough whirlpools, encountering neers but introduce us to othel' worthy bandits, seeing the Chinese at home, characters less famous. Among the martyrs, whose lives and characters at work and at worship. It is not Ii are pictured are Polycarp, Origen, Cyprian and the unfamiliar names of missionary tale but one full of inter- women-St. Perpetua, St. Blandina and St. Telemachus. There are also est. described such pioneers as Robert Raikes, Thomas Chalmers, Mrs. The Southern Presbyterian Pulpit. Ad- Josephine Butler and John Howard. dresses by ministers of the Presby- Among the missionary heroes are not terian Church in the U. S. Edited by only William Carey and Hudson Charles H. Nabers. 295 pp. New Taylor but Dr. Torrance, Sadhu Sun- York. 1928. dar Singh, F. S. Arnot, David Jones and Edward Steere. In all forty-five Dr. Charles L. Goodell says: "These heroes are introduced; they are men sermons have in them the grip on the and women worth knowing. The chapeternal verities. While they are thor- ters offer much material for instructoughly up-to-date, they· advocate a ing young Christians in the elements dateless religion, a Gospel which will of noble character and true service. find the soul when the stars have gone The biographical material is not preout." The preachers are among the sented in as attractive popular style most distinguished men of the South- as we wish or as might be done with ern Presbyterian pulpit. The sermons the material at hand. There is too much quotation from heavy bi6gare arranged in alphabetical order raphies. Some of the chapters give with biographical notes which, we stirring incidents and inspiring exthink, might better have been collected amples of self-sacrifice. in an appendix. Seldom are sermons so uniformly good. The themes are vital and timely. The Saviour is pre- sented in everyone. The language is of a high order, the structures are simple and direct, and the style is devout and with the personal appeal of hearts filled with the love of God. They call for a pure Church and individual Christians of spiritual power.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1928

AT THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL ON THE MOUNT OF

PERSONALS The MRS. CHARLES K. Roys, secretary of GOSPEL the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. PLOW and since 1920, and from 1904 to 1920 a missionary of that Board with her late the husband in Shantung Province, China, has accepted the position of Dean of 1912–One village boy in India Wells College for Women at Aurora, who wanted to learn how to be N. Y. a farmer. One tool shed to serve as dormitory, class room and ** demonstration laboratory. One Presbyterian missionary with a BISHOP AND MRS. W. F. OLDHAM of vision. the Methodist Episcopal Church left Buenos Aires in January, and are re- 1928 – Eighty students, high tiring from active service after many caste and low, old-time farmers years spent in India, Singapore, the and modern uni versity gradu- United States and South America. ates. Buildings and property worth nearly half a million dol- PROFESSOR LOO*TFY* L*EVONIAN, of the lars. A staff of twelve who have caught the vision. School of Religion in Athens, Greece, is at present in America in the interests of Sixteen years of Christianity in Christian work for Moslems and peoples action have brought this result. of the Near East. Prof. Levonian was Allahabad Institute has helped formerly connected with the Evangelical the Government to pU5h the Church in Asia Minor but with other danger of famine farther away Armenians was forced to leave his na- from hunger-ridden India. Selftive land. He has written many valuable support has brought self-respect tracts on the Christian approach to Mos- to hopeless outcastes. Men of lems and is to speak at the World's Sun- high caste have learned to drop dav-school Conventiol1 in Los Angeles on old prejudices while working "Winning Moslems to Christ." A book side by side with those they by him on "The Moslem Attitude Toward once scorned. Hindu and Mosthe Gospel" is to be published in England lem alike have learned that in in June. Christ all men are brothers.

OBITUARY Allahabad Institute needs your help. It can increase its service DR. WALTER F. SEYMOUR, medical mis- if you will help increase its ensionary of the Presbyterian Church in dowment. Buildings, equipment the U. S. A. at Tsining, Shantung Prov- and salaries should be enlarged. ince, China, was shot to death by a "The Gospel and the Plow" will Chinese soldier on April 16th, when try- mean fulIer'life to a quarter of ing to prevent the Nationalist soldiers a billion people. Send your from entering the girls' school of the check now. Mission. He went out to China in 1893. Send for the leaflet, RIGHT REV. JOS'"EPH* S'". MOTODA, Bishop "Look on the FieJ,ds." of the Protestant Episcopal Church since 1923, died in Tokyo on April 16th. Ssm Hi.g.ginbottom DR. FARRAND B'"AKE'"R *PIERSON, for some BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. years a missionary to Central America, and later a member of the Home Coun- 156 Fifth Aveuue, New York cil of the African Inland Mission also of the Union Missionary Training School of Brooklyn, died at his home in New Rochelle, New York, on Wednesday morning, May 9th. Dr. Pierson was born in Detroit, Michigan, October 12, 1876, a son of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson, and of the late Sarah Francis Benedict Pierson. He was deeply interested in all forms of Christian service' and, as a "beloved physician," heex– amined many missionary candidat~_sand helped a large number of missiim~vies t9. regain health so that they could&futitl'ue in active service. When incapacitated by iUness from 'practicing medicine he' purchased a Braille typewriter with which he made books for the blind. These' ·were accepted for circulation hy the New York Public Library.

Plea.., mention THE MISsIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrltlng to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor JUNE TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-DEr. EGATES AT THE IXTERXATIO~Ar. MISSlONARY COUNCIl~ ON THE ~fOU~T Page OF OLIVES CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS A'l' JEReSALEM ……………… ROBERT E. SPEER 421 A story of the recent mcettng of the Internutimwl Mi8sionary Council on the -,Yount oj OU-1)CS (UJ seen by mn American delegate.

A SOUTH AFRICAN VIEW OF THE COllNCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAVIDSON D. T. JABAVU 428 A professor of the South Africwn Native College at Ft. Hare interprets the meeting'S of the Oonference to hilt people.

VOICES FROM JERUSALEM CALLING INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIlGUSTINE RALI,IA RAM 431 A representative oj the Student OhriBt'ia,n A88oaiati()1t oj India, Burma and Oeylon in- terpret. the me8Bage of the (Jon!crcnce to In&/a.

THE MEANING TO LATIN AMERICA …………………….•…. JOHN A. MACKAY 435 The 8catck missionary, now a reUpions work secretnry of the South American Ji'cdera- tion oj the Y. M. O. A. intc'rpret8 jar La,tin Amt'r'ic(~.

NUGGETS FROM A DELEGATE'S NO'rEBOOK •………………. MILTON T. STAUFFER 436 Quotable extracts froui a·ddres8cs and conference 'reports.

A CALL TO PRAYER FROM JERUSALEM .•….•…••.•……………………. 437 THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN..•…..••…………………………. 443 A statement 0/ the Gospel adopted at Jer'lf,8alcm as a oasis for mission,nry activity.

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA ……………………………. JOHN M. SPRINGER 451 The story of minflllg physical and spiritual riches in a Central African camp.

MY FRIEND, THE SHULLA WOMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. D. S. OYLER 461 A biographlcal sketch oj a Christia.n convert in the Egyptian Suda·n.

THE WORLD'S SUNDAY·SCHOOL PROGRESS •.••••……..•……. SAMUEL iL PRICE 463 A record of a.chiC'liCment8 during the prz.,st quadrennium and the challenge to lie met at L08 AngelCB.

CAREY'S INFI,UENCE CONTINUES ………………….•..•..•… AI,TON B. JACOR" 466 UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY IN TURKEy …………………………………… . 467 Extracts from the '11urkish Press rcjfectimg 7"trkish opinion aR to religions liberty in, mi8sion 8chools.

WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEy.•.•..•…………………………………….. 470 THE IRISH CHURCH IN DAlIIASCUS …••••………………………………..•. 471 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ……….•…•……………………………………. 473 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL. WHAT IS HAPPENING IN CHINA.

ATHE1SM IN RUSS1A AND AMERICA.

METHODS FOR WORKERS …..•……….•………………………..•.••….. 479 A PASTOR'S TE$TIMONY, BY VILL1AM S. MARQL'J}s.

A UN1QUE PROGRAM, BY MRS. E[)WARD JORDAN.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 485 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDIT"" BY FLORENCE E. QUlNMN 488 WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………………….. . 490 BOOKS WOR'l'H READING 509 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

ROBBRT E. SPEER, Prealdent WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretarv WALTIlB McDoOGALL, Treruurer Publication Office. 3d '" Reily St•., Harrisburg. Pa. 25e a copy. $2.GO a year. Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Cit,.

Entered as second-Class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. COMING EVENTS Conferences and Schools of MisBions International Missionary Union, Clif- Affillated with Federation of Woman's Boards ton Springs, N. Y., May 30-June 3. of Foreign Mlaalona and Counell of Women for Home Mlaalona. Dates and Chairmen.

General Synod, Reformed Church in Bethesda, Ohio-July 16-20. America, New York, N. Y., June 7-13. Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Northern Baptist Convention, Detroit, Mrs. Love Sheets, 5th and Jefferson, Mich., June 16-21. Moundsville, W. Va.

General Assembly of the Church of Boulder, Colorado–In June. the Na:zarene, Columbus, Ohio, June 13- Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 1318 E. 26. Dakota St., Denver, Colo. Mrs. Frank I. Smith, 515 E. 11th Interdenominational Conference on Ave., Denver. Evangelism, Northfield, Mass., June 20- 22. 3 Chautauqua, New York-August 12-17. Mrs. John Ferguson, 105 East 22d Baptist World Alliance Congress, St., New York, N. Y. Toronto, Canada, June 23-29.

General Conference, Church of the 2 Chautauqua, New York—Aug. 19-24. Brethren, La Verne, CaL, June 27-July 4. Mrs. Wm. A. Montgomery, 144 Dart- mouth St., Rochester, New York. World's Sunday-school· Association Convention, Los Angeles, CaL, July 11-18. Illinois – Missouri (Greenville, II1.)- June 18-22. General Conference of the Seventh Day Baptists, Riverside, Cai., July 23-30. Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. Woman's Christian Temperance Union Convention, La)lsanne, Switzerland, July 1 Kerrville, Texa8-Aug. 2-9. 26-Aug.2. Mrs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas.

National Convention, Evangelical Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 25-July League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, 2. Wis., Aug. 7-12. Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 East National Association of Workers 107th St., Chicago, Ill. Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 .So. Elm- N. C., Aug. 14-19. wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill.

World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul)- Holland, Aug. 17-26. June 18-22.

International Christian Press Confer- Mrs. A. W; Goldsmith, 944 Ashland ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. F. F. Lindsay, 25 Seymour Ave., WorId Alliance for International S. E., Minneapolis. Friendship Through the Churches, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. Mt. Hermon,Calijorniar-July 21-28. Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Universal. Christian Conference on Way, San Francisco, Calif. Life and Work, Prague, Ozecho-Slovakia, Aug. 31-Sept. 5. Mountain Lak6 Park, Maryland-JUly 27-August 2. National Baptist Convention, Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, Sept. 12-14. a Northfield, Massachusetts (East North- field)-July 5-13. National Convention, Evangelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, In- Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell dianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. Court, Providence, R. I.

Convention, Women's Missionary So- 2 Northfield, Massachusetts-July 13-21. ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, town, Pa., .sept. 22-27. Mass.

Convention of the United Lutheran WilBon College, Chambersburg, Pa.- Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-. June 27-July 4.

Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Pa.

General Convention of the Protestant' Winona Lake-June 21-28. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Oct.10-.

Federal Council of the Churches, 1 Affiliated with the Federation. Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., tlo~~orelgn only. A1liliated with the Federa- Dec. 5-12. 3 Home only. Conducted by the CouncIL (Dr. and Mrs. John R. Mott and Dr. Wm. Paton are in the center of the first row)

LI, No.6 June

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM THE ENLARGED INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York A UNIQUE and unprecedented burgh Conference of 1910. When gathering assembled in Je- that conference closed it was felt rusalem on March 24th and that some provision should be made sat in conference until April 8th for the continuing care of the com- at the call of the International Mis- mon influences which flowed from sionary Council. It was composed it and the Continuation Committee of a little more than two hundred was the result. It was, however, members, half of them from the a self-perpetuating and nonrespon- churches of the nominally Chris- sible body which depended for its tian countries in Europe and authority upon a conference which America and Australia and New had adjourned and was receding Zealand, which have sent out mis- into the past. In due time, accord- sionaries in the foreign missionary ingly, this committee gave way and enterprise, and the other half from merged into a new body periodicalthe missionaries of these Churches ly appointed by and responsible to and from the newer Churches the various representative nation- which have grown out of their al foreign missionary agencies, work. One third of the entire num- like the Foreign Missions Confer- ber, consequently, were represent- ence of North America, which for atives of these newer Churches of thirty-five years has been the co- mission lands. In this, as in many operative association of all the forother respects, the Jerusalem eign mission boards of the United Council differed f,rom the Edin- States and Canada. This new body, burgh Missionary Conference and the International Missionary Coun- from every other missionary or cil, consisted of seventy members church conference which has ever chosen by the constituent agencies been held. which included the three national The International Missionary councils or committees of the Council is the successor of the Con- churches and missions in Japan, tinuation Committee of the Edin- China and India. It was expected 421

to meet every second year and Jeremiah's home, and down across three such meetings had been held the barren wilderness of Judea to -in 1921 at Lake Mohonk, in 1923 the valley of the Jordan and the in Oxford, and in 1925 in Rattvik, green fields about Jericho, to the Sweden. It was felt, however, that Dead Sea, in clear view, and to the in view of present world conditions mountains of Moab and to Nebo in the foreign missionary under- where the angels of God laid Moses taking a larger and more prolonged to his rest. Westward we looked conference was needed. In conse- down the slope of Olivet to Geth- quence, with the approval of the semane and the valley of Kedron and national organizations, the mem- just beyond, to the whole city of bership of the Council for a special Jerusalem spread out beneath us, gathering was trebled, a number with its walls and the Sheep Gate of special counsellors were invited, by the Pool of Bethesda, and the provision was made for a unique Gate Beautiful closed up in the representation from the native or wall, with the Temple area and the indigenous Churches and the en- domes and minarets of the mosques larged Council met in the birth and the domes and towers of the place of the Christian faith for the churches and Gordon's Calvary and fortnight ending with Easter. the Tomb in the Garden just north Time alone will reveal the true of Herod's Gate. The dearest and significance and result of the gath- holiest of all the memories of hu- ering but those who were present manity flowed about the Council regarded it as the greatest experi- and filled with their sweetness ence of their lives and it will be every hour and every heart.

well to try to give the readers of The unity of these memories and the REVIEW a brief account of its the faith and love beneath them character and proceedings. bound together the men and wom- The Historic Memories en who had come from all the ends of the earth to Jerusalem, from The Council met on the Mount fifty-two different countries and of Olives in the great stone build- from all the races, thirteen Chi- ing erected by the Germans as a nese, fifteen Indians, five Japanese, hospice and sanitarium which had four Koreans, four Latin Ameri- been taken over as headquarters cans, Burmese, Singalese, Egyp- of the government of Palestine aft- tian, Malagasy, Filipino, Siamese, er the war, but which the govern- African, and the races of the West.

ment had given up for such use We came from all the evangelical after the earthquake of last year Churches. From the United States which seriously damaged the build- and Canada there were fifty of us ing and also the new Jewish Uni- and from Great Britain thirty, versity near by. The damage had from Germany ten, from Nether- been measurably repaired and the lands three, from Scandinavia delegates lived in improvised bar- eight. There was one bishop from racks and ate together and as- Japan and there were eight bishops sembled in the meetings of the and four canons of the Church of Council in the great halls of the England who rendered immeasur- sanatorium. Eastward from the able service to the cause of the place of meeting we looked over Gospel and to the missionary en- Bethany and Anathoth, which was terprise. No one spoke with deep-

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

er evangelical loyalty or purer V. Christianity and the Growth of fervor or devotion. VI. Industrialism in Asia and Af- rica. William Paton. There was an erect, straight- VII. The Christian Mission in Relaspeaking chief of Uganda and there tion to Rural Problems. Papers were extraordinarily capable and by Kenyon L. Butterfield, Wilcourageous women not from the liam J. McKee, and Thomas Western lands alone but also from Jesse Jones. China and Korea and India and The Future of International Mis- sionary Cooperation. J. R. Mott.

Japan. And the German delega- VIII. The Unfinished Evangelistic Task. Charles H. Fahs. tion brought a note of the simplest and most unswerving faithfulness Not all of these were taken up to the New Testament and to the for consideration but for the first convictions and principles and week from a half day to two days was given to each major subject. ideals of primitive Christianity. Each of these was opened and then The Subjects Considered discussed in seven-minute speeches The plan of the gathering was and then referred to one of the ten very simple and efficient. A series sections into which the Council of papers had been prepared and broke up for the second week.

circulated in. advance of the Coun- Each of these sections in turn, cil meeting on the following topics: when it had reached a conclusion, 1. The Christian Life and Message appointed a findings committee to in Relation to Non-Christian draft its mind. The reports of Systems. . these committees were then pre- 1. Christianity and Islam. W. H. sented to the Council as a whole T. Gairdner. 2. Christianity and Hinduism. Nicol Macnicol. and debated and corrected and re- ferred back for revision and then 3. Christianity and Confucian- ism. J. Leighton Stuart. finally adopted in plenary session. 4. Christianity and Northern Buddhism. A. K. Reischauer. In this way extended statements 5. Christianity and Buddhism. were issued as the mind of the Kenneth Saunders. 6. Christianity and Secular Civ- Council on the following themes: ilization. Rufus M. Jones. The Christian Life and Message in Re- 7. Our Christian Task in a Ma- lation to Non-Christian Systems.

terialistic World. Rufus M. Religious Education, Jones. Christianity and Industrial Problems. 8. Religious Values in Confucian- Christianity and Racial Relationships. ism: A Source Book of The Christian Message in Relation to Facts and Opinions. D. Wil- Rural Problems. lard Lyon, ed. II. Religious Education. Luther A. Relations of the Older and Younger Churches. Weigle and J. H. Oldham. III. The Rei a t ion between the Medical Missions. Cooperation and The Home Base. You n g e r and the Older IV. Churches. A. L. Warnshuis. Then there were briefer resolu- The Christian Mission in the Light of Race Conflict. tions on work for the Jews, the 1. Relations between the Black Protection of Missionaries and and White Races in Amer- ica. John Hope, T. J. Woof- War. The findings, of course, had ter, Jr., and others. regard for the character of the 2. Relations between the Black Council as a missionary body. But and White Races in South two things were clearly seen, one Africa. J. Dexter Taylor. that all Christianity must be mis- 3. Relations between the Occi- dental and Oriental Peoples sionary and the other that all mis- on the Pacific Coast of North sions and missionary practice and America. Galen M. Fisher.

preaching and ideal and conception but ultimately men came to see the must be Christian. The first of necessity of a statement firm in its these issues became very clear in grasp of the central issues, but a discussion which originated from flexible and comprehensive in its China and Japan over the proposal view of method. Several para- to change the Council's name from graphs may be quoted: International Missionary Council "No more important problem confronts to International Christian Council. the older and younger churches alike It was easy to understand and sym- than to discover the secret of a living, pathize with the purpose of the indigenous Church. A Church, deeply suggestion. In China there is only rooted in God through Jesus Christ, an one national organization, the Na- integral part of the Church Universal, tional Christian Council, embrac- may be said to be indigenous: ing both Chinese and missionaries, and it was felt that a foreign mis- "(a) When its interpretation of Christ sionary council would not ade- and its expression in worship and servquately represent the international ice, and in art and architecture, incorinterests of this National Chris- porate the worthy characteristics of the tian Council. This is quite true people, conserving at the same time the and such a Council as this in China heritage of the Church in all lands and should be related, in its wider as- in all ages. pects, to world movements like the Stockholm Conference on Life and "(b) When through it, the Spirit of Jesus Christ penetrates all phases of Work and the Lausanne Confer- life, bringing to His Service all the ptlence on Faith and Order, and to tentialities of both men and women. any international association of national Christian Councils or Fed- "(c) When it actively shares its life eral Councils. But on the other with the nation in which it finds itself. hand it was clearly seen that the life and power of the Internation- " (d) When it is alert to the problems al Missionary Council are based on. of the times and, as a spiritual force in its distinctive missionary or ex- the community, courageously and sympapansion character and that in the thetically makes its contribution to their solution. West the agencies which enter into it have only such a charter from "(e) When it is kindled with the mistheir Churches and also it was in- sionary spirit.

"The fostering of such an indigenous Church depends on the building up of its spiritual life through communion with God in prayer and in public and private worship; throughk'nowledge of the Bible i'n the vernacular; through a sense of Christian 'stewardship; through an in- digenclUs leadership of men and women who will' share their religious experi- ence; and through adventure in service and self-exp'ress'ion. In such a Church, the problems of discipline, polity, control and financial support will naturally as- sume their proper places."

creasingly recognized by the These paragraphs are followed younger, indigenous Churches that by sensible sections on self-sup- what they supremely need is to lay port, on institutions, leadership, hold of and to be laid hold of by Christian literature, and Christian the missionary ideal and obligation unity.

as the central and essential element The Findings in the idea of a real and living It would be well, if there were church. space, to present here in full all This indeed was made clear in the the findings of the Council or at ultimate findings on the subject least to summarize them. That is of the Relation of the Older and not possible, but they will all be Younger Churches. At first there made available in report form as seemed to be hopeless confusion or soon as possible. Something may divergence of view on this problem be 'S}tid,' however, on three matters.

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

First as to the protection of mis- fence of their' missionaries and their property. sionaries. It was felt by some of "Further, the Council instructs its the European members of the officers to collect and circulate to the na- tional missionary organizations informa- Council that it was not the function tion concerning any action regarding of the Council to deal with this but this matter that has been or may be it was recognized that if such a taken by the missionary societies. subject was not appropriate for the Council's action surely much that "Finally, the International Missionary Council desires to record its conviction that the foreign missionary enterprise it had done was inappropriate. It is a spiritual and moral'and not a powas felt also by many that the litical enterprise and its work should be subject had been seen very much carried on within two great human out of proportion by some and that rights alone, the right of religious freea phase of missionary problem in dom for all men, and the maintenance by each nation of law and order for all within its bounds."

a limited area of one land, where Something should be said also extra-territorial and political dis- with regard to the place of women organization presented exceptional in the Council. There were thirtyconditions, had been untruly uni- four women delegates and no conversalized. People from most lands tribution was more impressive than thought the proposed resolution to the witness of women from Japan, be unreal and even misleading for China, India, and Korea, and the them but after a long and earnest Moslem Lands as to the place of discussion lasting till midnight of women in the different religions the closing business day of the of the world and as to what Chris- Council the following statement tianity had done for those who was adopted, though not without spoke and for the womanhood dissent: which they knew. In no enterprise "Inasmuch as Christian missions in- have women come nearer to their volve the largest possible identification of the missionary with the people of the right place than in foreign miscountry of his adoption; and sions but even here it is still hard "Inasmuch as missionaries have gen- for many men to discern what Mr. erally relied upon the goodwill of the lleollie among whom they live and the Kidd set forth with such insight protection of the government of the lo- and prophecy in his posthumous cality for the protection of their lives book "The Secret of Power." But and property; and slowly the power which God'taught in the miracle of The Virgin Birth "Inasmuch as missionaries, both as in- makes its way. When God sent dividuals and in groups, and several forth His Son it was enough that missionary societies have asked that he should be born of a woman. steps be taken to make plain that they After the Council had adopted a do not depend upon or desire the protec- bold and Christian declaration on tion of foreign military forces in the country of their residence; and "Inasmuch as the use or the threat of armed forces of the country from which they come for the protection of the mis- the question of race about which sionary and missionary property creates foreign missions must be Christian widespread misunderstanding as to the underlying motive of the Christian mes- or be doomed, a resolution was ofsage: "The International Missionary Coun- fered which the chief from Uganda cil places on record its conviction said took his breath away though "(1) That the llrotection of mission- it was right, and the Council aries should only be by such methods as passed it without a word of debate will promote goodwill in personal and or dissent: "The principles and official relations, and urges upon all mis- ideals which this Council has sionary societies adopted in the Report on Racial "(2) That they should make no claim on their governments for the armed de-

Relationship with regard to the addresses that day were two de- equal rights of races, this Council votional addresses by Mr. Max declares and maintains with regard Yergan of Africa and Mr. K. T.

to the equal rights of men and Paul of India. Monday evening women in and among all races." Dr. David Yui of China, Tuesday, What an upheaval is ahead of the Dr. S. K. Datta on India, Wednes- world when at last St. Paul's great day, Bishop Temple of Manchester, principle in this matter begins to on "The Historic Christian Fellow- operate, "neither male nor female." ship," Thursday, Bishop McCon- The Future of Missionary Work nell of Pittsburgh, and Prof. R. H. Tawney of London, on "The Bear- The one other matter out of a ing of Christianity on Social and multitude of which one must speak, Industrial Questions," Friday, Prowas the unmistakable answer of fessor Heim of the the University the Council to the idea that the of Tubingen, on "What is it in the work of the foreign missionary is Gospel which Commands us?" and done. The immense unreached on the following Monday, Profesareas came clearly into view. The sor Hocking of Harvard, who younger Churches declared their brought great help with him, on inequality to the vast task before "Psychological Conditions for them and their need of continuing Growth in Religious Faith." The and enlarged cooperation from the other evenings of the meetings Churches of the Council in the ex- were given to other general dispansion of their effort and the gift cussions except the Sunday eveof their best men and women. Mr. ning of April first when three true Paul of India, named as the two missionaries made noble addresses best loved and most desired for- on the fundamental evangelistic eigners in India north and south, purpose of our foreign missionary two Christian missionaries. In all work-Dr. John Mackay of South lands Christ is the supreme need America, Bishop Linton of the and therefore men and women in Church of England Mission in Perwhom Christ lives and through sia, and Dr. Stanley Jones of Inwhom Christ goes forth to the dia. Throughout the Council these world are needed everywhere. three spoke always of the great central convictions of the Gospel It was agreed by all, however, and embodied its great spirit. that the most significant thing in the Council meeting was the ab- Christian Communion solute unanimity of the Council at the point where it seemed most dif- Among the meetings those which ficult and improbable. Before re- will linger in our hearts were the ferring to that miracle however, two communion services in which something should be said in the all who wished, and who could, way of report of the general meet- came together in perfect fellow- ings and spirit of the Council. It ship and love about the table of was opened with a general address our Lord; the Sunday afternoon by Dr. Mott on Saturday evening. talk by Bishop MacInnes, as we The sermon on the first Sunday sat on the slope of Olivet overlook- morning was by the Bishop of ing Jerusalem, and as he described Salisbury on the text "Behold I the building of the city and pointed make all things new." The evening out the scenes of our Lord's life

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

in it; the morning walk on Palm keen ecstasy of the hour when the Sunday from Bethany to Olivet Bishop of Manchester came to the with scripture and prayer and last words of the statement on the hymn on the way; the Thursday Christian Message, and we knew evening Communion at Christ that God had given to the Council Church near the Jaffa Gate and the a restatement of the Gospel in walk through the silent streets of terms, rooted in reality, emerging the city, through the Sheep Gate, from a profound and coherent to Gethsemane; and the hour of theology, and vibrating and real prayer under the olive trees with for the new generation. Of all ut- the Paschal moon shining on the terances given since the War temple area across the valley of through corporate Christian wit- Kedron ; and the last service, ness this seems to the writer to where men and women of many be incomparably the greatest."

races spoke and the Bishop of The REVIEW prints the message en- Salisbury made a simple and noble tire in the present issue.

appeal to us all, and Dr. Mottsaid With the adoption of the report the appropriate closing words. the Council knew its way and But the last words of this report passed on in joy to the closing days.

must refer to the unity to which in And then in the strength of the His great grace God brought the Resurrection it waited together on Council with regard to "The Chris- that ever memorable Easter Day tian Message." Many had feared and on Easter Monday separated that here at the very centre and on the ways that cross the world, heart of all it might be found that but to walk together in that one we could not speak with the old way of which I read afresh in the and authentic and united witness. quietness of the Church that Many, it was known, could do so, Maundy Thursday evening not far but had there been in the foreign from the spot where Jesus stood mission enterprise a faIling away? in Caiaphas' house; The Continental delegates had met He who would valiant be in advance in Egypt on their way 'Gainst all disaster, to Jerusalem and had voiced their Let him in constancy misgivings. But the Spirit of God Follow the Master. wrought a wonder, and when, after hours of work, the committee Thus no discouragement on the Message made its report Shall make him once relent, His first avowed intent To be a pilgrim.

through the Bishop of Manchester, Whose beset him round the Council knew that its mind was With dismal stories, one and that the words to utter Do but themselves confound; it had been found. The first His strength the more is. thought was to adopt the report No foes shall stay his might, Tho' he with giants fight; without a moment of delay but in He will make good his right patience the Council waited until To be a pilgrim.

the morning following and then Since Lord Thou doest defend without dissent and rising as in Us with Thy Spirit, the unity of Christ it made the message its own. "No one indeed, We know we at the end who was present," says Mr. Basil Shall life inherit; Mathews, "can ever forget the Then fancies flee away, I'll fear not what men say, I'll labor night and day To be a pilgrim.

A SOUTH AFRICAN VIEW OF THE

BY PROF. DAVIDSON D. T. JABAVU, B.A., Fort Hare, South Africa South African Native Oollege~ Alice, Oape Province O NE almost doubts if there per cent of the aborigines are ever was such a unique as- dwellers in rural districts but many semblage as that which are landless; and the Lands Act of gathered at Jerusalem in March. 1913 has allocated only twelve per Africa was represented, apart cent of the land of South Africa from the white missionaries who have made her the land of their for its four and a half million adoption, by three unbleached sable blacks as against eighty-eight per sons of the soil, namely, the Rt. Rev. Adolphus W. Howells, a cent for one million and a half typical Negro from Nigeria; by Europeans. Those who have land the Chief Kulubya of Uganda; by the present writer from Cape need the assistance of Farmers' As- sociations to guide them in their Province. The first general subject was operations. It will therefore cheer my people to observe among the Christianity in Relation to Other findings the following paragraph: Religious Systems; the second was The Relations of Older and "The rural work in mission fields is Younger Churches. This was fol- an organic part of the service demanded lowed by Christian Religious Edu- of the Church everywhere, East and cation. But the subject that struck West, to lead in the effort to build a one with its surprising freshness rural civilization that shall be Christian was The Christian Message in Re- to the core. This effort looks toward the lation to Rural Problems; because development of an intelligent, literate it revealed that in almost all the and efficient rural popUlation, well organnon-European countries Christian- ized and well led, who shall share the economic, the political and the social emancipation, as well as the continual advancement of the masses of men, who shall participate fully in world affairs, and who shall be motivated and inspired by the Christian spirit."

ity was concerned with predomi- South Africa will naturally be nantly rural populations. Some of profoundly interested in the discus- the difficulties specially associated sion on Racial Relationships by Dr.

with such people were: poverty, il- Hope and Dr. Woofter of the United literacy and ignorance. Such folks States of America and by Dr.

were invariably at the mercy of Dexter Taylor of South Africa.

superstition, quack doctors, ex- The discussion was led by three tortionate money-lenders, a pen- colored speakers, the first of whom chant for litigation, debt, low was Dr. I. Hope, President of wages and inadequate land. Among Moorehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., the solutions proferred was the who cautioned the audience against establishment of Farmers' Unions the growing and voluminous litera- along with the training of agricuI- ture on the subject by ambitious tural missionaries who, as Dr. Dif- people who chose this subject as an fendorfer maintained, should be easy thesis for graduation inas- trained not in the city but in the much as the examiners know country, and preferably nationals. little or nothing about it! He re- In South Africa eighty-eight marked, white people often main- 428 tain lofty ethics in dealing with registered in the statute books of each other but strangely enough the Union Government of South leave out the Negro in their code. Africa. Mr. Basil Mathews (Ge- Even a good character on the part neva) proposed the adoption of of a colored man does not solve the a program of investigations by exinterracial problem. Even educa- perts with a view to an authoritation, taken by itself, provides no tive collation of the facts, in which salvation. Dr. Hope pinned his the causes of racial friction shaH faith in the fine sense of justice be codified and solutions sought as found among the best citizens and to the light shed thereon' by the the inexorable working of the teaching of Jesus Christ. The present writer explained how in spirit of Jesus Christ in the hearts of men.

Rev. Max Yergan of South Africa pleaded for a better recognition of personality in all men irrespective of their color; and for the development of cooperation with constructive aims by means of Joint Councils and the Student Movement. Bishop Uzaki of Japan urged the Christian principle of the Golden Rule.

During the subsequent discussion several important phases of the question were brought out: Dr. Zwemer pointed out that racial pride was one of the weaknesses in Christian practice as against the practice of some of the other religions. The Rev. RaIla Ram (India) said this weakness was un- DR. JOHN R. MOTT, THE BISHOP OF fortunately characteristic of some MANCHESTER AND THE PRINCE OF races other than European as, for UGANDA AT JERUSALEM example, the caste system in India with its despised class of untouch- South Africa the young men and ables. Among the English it was women who belonged to the Stucharacterized by social snobbish- dents' Christian Association are ness and the domination complex. taking the lead and showing an The present writer asserted that advanced outlook in the matter race prejudice was a stumbling- thus proving that Jesus Christ is block and a veritable hindrance to the only solution of the problem. the progress of Christianity because it produces pride in those The subject "Christianity and who favor color discrimination as Industrial Problems" drew a well as social insults and ostracism highly informative discussion with the exploitation of the help- showing that organized Chrisless, not to mention the series tianity throughout the world was of anti-native legislation or laws keeping abreast of modern views. such .as were being continuously Dr. Ren Yen Lo of Shanghai urged that

"We should be clear in the statement tained-such as missionaries and of our attitude that we are neither cap- nationals, home and foreign italists nor oppressors, as against the spheres, conservatives and modernaccusation that we Christians act as ists, fundamentalists and sciopiates to drug backward peoples, and entists. Classes, he said, had faded that we are merely tools of imperialists. away together with the problems We should make it clear that the Church of Europe. We did not settle the stands for the salvation of individuals as differences but transcended them! well as society and nations." Marginal things had become cen- tral. In our outlook and attitudes The present writer informed the we were unified by the spirit of Council that organized Christianity Jesus Christ just as when Peter had a duty to perform in helping at Pentecost spoke and all hearts and evangelizing such growing beat together as one. All of us, whether Anglican or Quaker, and inevitable movements as the Methodist or Presbyterian, have I. C. U. (an aboriginal trades union been under the fire of critical of industrial and. commercial scrutiny from within and without. workers in South Africa) which Our test is: Are we tentative? claimed quite a fifth of the total of urbanized African laborers but Are we stammering? No! We had unwittingly done its cause have proved ourselves under God irreparable harm by the use of to have the courage to give our violent language, with the result message in unmistakable accents. that the Government had passed specific legislation to curtail liberty The final appeal of the Council of speech and meetings among was a Call to Prayer and a Revival African indigenous races. The urged by the Bishop of Salisbury, conference was asked to pass a and this was followed by the conresolution in favor of the principle cluding address of the chairman of the legitimacy of workers' (Dr. Mott) who rose to the height organizations and also their recog- of his well-known oratory: "We nition by their respective govern- shrink from parting and from ments on the lines approved by the thinking of the gigantic problems International Labor Bureau. The before us. We need superhuman findings under this head constitute power! Christ demands and coman epochal forward step by world mands our superhuman strength. Christian missions because in them Our secret shall be the use of our the Council has given expression to memory in recalling the events of its conviction that "the Gospel of the conference at Olivet and our Christ contains a message, not only pilgrimage thereto; the use of our for the individual soul, but for the imagination in gazing at our New world of social organization and Jerusalem; our practice of the economic relations …… and that presence of God. Christ went out the advancement, by thought, as His custom was to the Mount of speech and action of social Olives to pray, to preserve His righteousness, is an essential and contact with God and to recharge vital part of the Christian message His spiritual battery. If Christ found this necessary, what preto mankind." sumption and folly will it be for Dr. E. Stanley Jones summarized any of us to attempt to do without communion with God!" the impressions created by the conference, singling out in particular the fusion of seemingly discordant elements that it undoubtedly con-

FROM OLIVET CALLING INDIA!

BY REV. AUGUSTINE RALLA RAM, Madras, India Student Ohristi-an AS8ociation 01 India T HERE CDuld be no. fitter place wDuld fail us in speaking Df variDus than this city of our dreams aspects of our gathering, and so. fDr the hDlding Df this memD- we will content ourselves by speak- rable gathering. The name Df this ing Df SDme distinct calls that come place is written across the Holy from this conference to India, our Writ that is our solace and joy. It motherland: was in the near vicinity of this First. India's destiny is bound city that the Prince Df Peace was up with the rest of the world. She born. Prophets and martyrs lie shDuld take her part in a world buried in and around it in their program of redemption and ad- hundreds, it was here that the vance. Her citizens must cultivate Redeemer often returned to re- an international mind and should claim a rebellious nation, and it realize that they are units of a was here that He finally died and brotherhood that respects no.

rose again for the redemption of geographical frontiers. The world mankind. is fast shrinking and its neighbor- Ambassadors from about fifty hood is being knit into a more nations and countries poured into closely compacted whole. Bare se- the Holy City. We did not wait eluded nationalism will not do, it for formal introductions and,wear- will be in close relation with Dther ing our names on cards pinned in countries far and wide that there front, we were SODn meeting per- will come bounding on its own sons of different colors and shDres waves laden with hitherto tongues. Here comes a famous unknown treasures.

preacher from Scotland, there goes Second. India cannot afford to a daring and believing nationalist pin its faith on a national and from China, we have just en- secular civilization. Material ad- countered an African chief. We vancement divorced from spiritu- were smiled at by a negro bishop. ality will only hasten a nation to a In anDther perSDn Brazil extended yawning abyss of destruction.

its hand of fellDwship across the ThrDughout the world forces are globe to greet an East Indian. We at work to wean us away from were awestruck as we were told religious consideration and to.

that the yonder man was the plunge us into. a stupor .of secular- writer o.f the bo.ok that had greatly ism and materialism. If it be influenced us. Secretaries of vari- granted that what we say is true ous missio.n boards, professors of then it is only fair that India give world-wide reputation, bishDps its full heed to religious quest and from various sees, and other in- consequently should cDnsider dividuals of distinction crossed Dur afresh the person and claims of paths on every side. But we all Jesus of Nazareth. In His per- met as a big family, nDt one Df us sonality there is presented to us a seemed consciDus of any dignity solution of our immediate and re- that had come to any of us. Time mote difficulties. We should turn 431

to Him with an unbiased mind and years to come. It cannot be denied inquire of Him as to what He that introduction of factory and would have us learn in seeking machinery is a salient feature of solution of all our enigmas. Does modern life and that India the He give us the true principles of an home of inexhaustible raw material all-round human development? Can is bound to become an industrial we establish peace and brotherli- country. Does it not behoove our ness in accepting His program? nation to take timely warning from Can He bring to us forgiveness and all the sadness and misery that peace of mind? Is there available have come to the West in the wake for all in Him a strength and of industrialism and so to profit power that can release us from all that it shall be able to build a sane fetters, and having released us can program of industrial contentment sustain and continually refresh us? and advancement? Once again In all dark valleys of life and be- should we not turn to Jesus of yond death is He able to illumine Nazareth and inquire of Him as to all our darkness and bring to us the what He has to say to us in facing assurance of a glorious hereafter? situations such as this?

If such are our human needs, needs Fifth. India is essentially agri- that must ~e satisfied, shall we not cultural today and it behooves us turn to Him and throw ourselves to cooperate with all forces that are open to His personality and pre- at work to build an abiding rural cepts? civilization. With more than 85 Third. Our millions still lie in per cent of our people living in illiteracy and consequent darkness. villages, we cannot help admitting What are we going to do to bring that they are the backbone of our to them these privileges which only nation. Ridden as they are with a few of us enjoy? Are our sons illiteracy, appalling infant mortali~ and daughters selfishly going to ty, inextricable indebtedness and seek their personal gain alone? with various other evils, what are The appalling ignorance of our we going to do to bind up their masses is an insistent challenge to wounds? Have we in our minds us, to cease from selfish advance- their sorrows and their trials? Are ment, to share with our un- we· going to bring to them cheer fortunate multitudes the blessings and sunshine in days to come?

that have come to us. But let us Sixth. Jerusalem speaks in par- bear in mind that religion and ticular to the Church in India.

education must proceed alongside Ambassadors of Christ from one of another, that more intel- abroad in association with in- lectual attainment can never be digenous workers have established sufficient, and that we must give a widespread community ot be- religion its central place in all our lievers. The call of Jerusalem goes program of instruction and learn- in particular to the Church in ing. India to attempt great things for Fourth. For better or for worse God and expect great things from industrial changes are fast coming God. It must become a "creative over the East. We dare not hood- fel1owship" under God and with wink ourselves by believing that initiative and adventure it must the hitherto agricultural India will cut its moorings away from all continue in its rural simplicity in false contentment. The Church

1928J VOICES FROM OLIVET CALLING INDIA!

SOME EAST INDIAN DELEGATES AT THE JERUSALEM CONFERENCE Jerusalem is seen in the background. In the picture are Rey.Agustine RaIla Ram (seated left), K. T. Paul (white turban) and Rey. Stanley Jones (standing rear, fifth from right)

must in a new sense become a mis- are chock-full of schemes and re- sionary church. It must have a ports, but what we need is a fresh message for all aspects of our vision and anew obedience to the modern complicated life. We the vision vouchsafed to us, With our ambassadors from India assured unwavering faith in the validity, the older churches of our kindred- authority and sufficiency of the ship with them and conveyed to Christian message we must go for- them our gratitude and asked them ward with our romantic enterprise.

to send their emissaries to come In Christ we have been given a and identify themselves with us in complete revelation and atonement, working out the salvation of our His work cannot be duplicated, country. We on behalf of the what we need is a dynamic that Church in India committed it in un- would urge us out of our pettiness mistakable terms to a program of into the wide expanse before us.

evangelization in years to come. Dr. Speer, another ambassador Seventh. The International from the West, reminded us that Council in clear terms denounced we must disentangle Christ from war as a method of settling dis- all that confuses Christ and carry putes and in unmistaken language ,Him into all human relations, declared its faith in racial equality. and in all love implicate Him Do not these two facts bring to us everywhere. Another voice right- a timely message? In all our ly said to us that our main national regeneration should we business is not to compare opin- have any faith in the use of force ions but to do cooperative think- at all? Is it worthy of us to give ing. What we need is not a new way to racial animosity of any Christianity, but a new discovery kind? Does not the belief in racial of Christianity. Let us remem- equality throw to us in India a ber that the message of Christ challenge to banish the caste su- is misunderstood today because of periority complex from our midst? contradictions in what we say, and Is not "untouchability" a shame what we do. The Church in India and curse of us all? must get abreast with all har- With these calls ringing in our bingers of the dawn. She must ears let us state anew in words of be pulled out of complacency and the Bishop of Salisbury that we practice heroic living and heroic are workers together with God- teaching. We are face to face with our perpetual creating Father. God opposition, indifference and far wills His union with us and our too much of loose scholarship is union one with another. A great pounding at our doors, but with motive force has been released to sympathetic insight we must dis- us through the Evangel. A big cover with others the hidden secular civilization is surging powers available in Christ for us around us, our task is to preserve all His children. Allying ourselves the good we find in other systems, with all movements for good we and build on sure foundations the must take a long view of things city of our God. An all-round-hu- and build for eternity. God is work- man development is our program ing his purpose out and one day by and the hour calls for creative His grace we shall see big mass Christian statesmanship. We lack movements sweeping the higher today faith, adventure and fire, we classes.

MEANING TO LATIN

BY REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt.D., Montevideo, Uruguay T HE World Missionary Con- gelical Christianity has taken root ference, at Edinburgh in in Latin America. In Brazil, espe- 1910, excluded Latin America cially, its day has come in a quite from its purview. It had its own remarkable way. There are today reasons for doing so. I need not in this great republic as many enter into them here but I remem- evangelical Christians as there are ber how much I resented the omis- in France. The Brazilian Church sion. I now look back on that is also a national church with its omission as the "Blessed Fall" of own mission to Portugal. As the modern missionary history for it Conference looked at Dr. Erasmo led to the formation of the Com- Braga and listened to his wise mittee on Cooperation in Latin words on different subjects of com- America, and to ~he special study mon interest, it became aware of of this great field and its needs in what evangelical Christianity in the CongresseS held in Panama aT' Latin America is producing. Be- Montevideo in the years 1916 and cause of its recognition of the fact 1925, respectively. that the evangelical churches in The Jerusalem Conference marks Brazil and in other Latin republics a new outlook upon Latin America. are indigenous and active, the con- Two facts are worth noting in this ference assigned to Latin America connection. In those Latin repub- three seats in the Committee of the lics of arteheranpeiwdlywtoarkldi~gsoampelaocef Council. which The late Jerusalem meeting real- in the vanguard of progress, the ized the ideal of perfect Christian vast majority of educated people fellowship, enhanced the mission- have abandoned all religion. It is ary objective and incorporated into here that secularism is doing its jts field of vision a new world.

most perfect work. A distinguished God grant us wisdom in these coming Argentine writer, the rector of one days, of the state universities of his country, recently said that through- And eyes unsealed, that we clear visions out the religious history of South see America, Christianity has been apprehended purely as a culture, but Of that new world that He would have us build, To Life's ennoblement and His high min- istry.

never as an experience. He speaks God give us sense,-God-sense of Life's about the "irreligiosity" of the new needs, Southern Continent, and calls it the most irreligious part of the And souls aflame with new-born 'chiv- Western World. The Jerusalem alries- Conference took cognizance of this To cope with those black growths that foul the ways- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God- born energies.

situation and fully appreciated the To pledge our souls to nobler, loftier life, need for sharing with Latin Amer- To win the world to His fair sanctities, ica our experience of the living To bind the nations in a Pact of Peace, Christ. And free the Soul of Life for finer The second fact is that evan- loyalties. -John Oxenham.

435

FROM THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL

Pa.gan America I come from a nation which is in many respects pagan. We subscribe to the doctrine of militarism, to the god of materialism, and have given ourselves over to the pursuit of wealth and pleasure. We should not be complacent regarding paganism wherever we may see it, but let this meeting become a challenge to it.

BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America.

China.'s Need The Goliath of militarism must be killed. Illiteracy, poverty, isolation, prejudice and influences that break down moral sanctions must be. put away.: But in building the new China the most potent power is Christ and the men and women that Christianity can produce. God calls us to project our Christian character and influence into all the realms of life and so help to purge it.

DAVID Z. T. Yur, LITT.D., of China.

Thc Uganda Policy In Uganda the policy from the first coming of missionaries fifty years ago has been to create a self-governing native Church, and all the representative bodies, from the local Church Council to the Synod, have a large majority of Mricans. In the synod there are ten Africans to one white man. Even in the native Parliament, native Christian chiefs are in the majority.

CHIEF SIRUANO KULUBYA, Uganda, British East Africa.

Education Without Religion If the older generation is motor-mad, radio-ragged, jumping with jazz, hungry with lust, we may well expect the younger generation to go further and faster along the same road. Education without religion is incomplete and abortive, religion without education becomes ignorance and superstition.

PROFESSOR LUTHER A. WEIGLE, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Jesus' Method Modern educational science is beginning to realize how perfect was the educational method of Jesus. He created the right atmosphere and did not attack His hearers' existing ideas, but built upon them a new teaching which He carried through by the project method from hero worship to a sense of vocation.

CANON CHARLES E. RAVEN, Liverpool Cathedral, England.

Right and Wrong You might have read whole encyclopedias on education, but when the child comes to you for decisions as to the right and wrong of certain actions or as to what to do in certain circumstances, you must rely on decisions based largely on fixed standards and in- fluenced by your whole educational past.

BARONESS VAN BOETZELAER VAN DUBBLEDAM, Bilt, HoUand.

436

A CALL TO PRAYER FROM

T HE International Missionary Council, meeting on the Mount of Olives (March 24 to April 8, 1928) has been brought to a deep and fresh realization of the place of prayer in accomplishing its essentially spiritual task, and the definite challenge with which it is faced.

The Council recognizes that the Kingdom is the gift of God, that activities to spread the Kingdom and to extend the Gospel reach full significance only when they are a kind of "acted prayer," that "we have to struggle not with blood and flesh, but with . . . the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly sphere."

The Council has also come to realize that it faces a definite challenge. It has seen some of the implications of the Christian mission and realizes how pitifully short its achievement has fallen, but the challenge of Christ still holds, "if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father."

Throughout the fortnight the Council has been led to place its chief emphasis on a central daily united intercession, and day by day its work has been prefaced by groups which met for prayer, or for the celebration of the Holy Communion, and by private and individual meditation and prayer.

In the reports which have come from the varying sections into which the Council has divided, requests for prayer have found a frequent place. These give to the following eight objectives for prayer adopted at Rattvik in 1925 a new urgency, and a fuller content, and provide ground for thanksgiving for answers already received. The Council therefore asks its members, and Christian people in all lands, to continue in meditation upon the example and the teaching of the Lord Jesus in regard to prayer, and to make definite supplication: 1. For a Missionary Spirit. That the Church may see the whole world's need for Christ, and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

2. For a Spirit of Prayer. That Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught His disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

3. For a Spirit of Sacrifice. That the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and to bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it.

4. For a Spirit of Unity. That the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

5. For the Gift of Interpretation. That the Church may learn to preach the eternal Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

6. For Courageous Witness on Moral Questions. That the witness of the Church on the moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

7. For a Spirit of Service. That a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work at home and abroad in our generation.

8. For the Completion of Our Own ConvM·sion. For the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

437

A DELEGATE'S NOTE

BY MILTON T. STAUFFER, New York Secretary 01 the Foreign Missions Conference of North America W E MEET, not as repre- Christianity must find its central sentatives of churches or act and emphasis in the Resurrec- Boards, but rather as rep- tion, which is purely in divine resentatives of great Christian dimensions. In the light of the constituencies and great fields of Resurrection the Cross will shine interest and service which reach forth more clearly. We are specialbeyond all personal connections. ists in religion if we are mission- Our Father has brought us to- aries at all. Weare not asked to gether from the ends of the earth be specialists in the science of refor a common quest. He who ligion but in religion itself.

started the missionary movement DR. HENDRIK KRAEMER, on these hills has His own unselfish, expans~ve purposes for this Netherlands Bible Society. gathering. He never brings His children into any quest in vain. *** JOHN R. MOTT. Evangelical missions are based absolutely on an unique act of God. *** As missionaries we are messengers and proclaimers· of this unique There is more criticism of Chris- revelation of God. tianity in China since the anti- Christian movement began· than DR. JULIUS RICHTER, during the 120 years of Christian missionary effort preceding. Much Vice-Chairman of the German of this criticism is due to mis- Missionsauschuss. understanding. Much can be ignored but some must be fear- *** lessly faced and dealt with. Our churches will not hold the DR. C. Y. CHENG, ground they have or regain the Secretary of the National Chris- ground they have lost unless they are prepared to carry the Chris- tian Council of China. tian principles into new areas. The world in which they must be saved *** and which the majority of people know cannot be relinquished by the Are we going back from Jeru- Church. If Christianity cannot salem as nations, races or denom- command the whole of life, I am inations, or as one great family convinced it cannot command any filled with "Divine foolishness," at all. We confine the paradoxes determined to believe in the faith of Christian teaching where apand ethics we hold? The cost will plication is easiest. Either the be to jeopardize or even sacrifice Church will be overwhelmed by the the welfare of our family, church rising consciousness of mankind and nation. One pays if one lives that Christianity has no meaning up to truth. for it, or the Church must seek to control the social order and eco- REV. MAX YERGAN, nomic system, as fully as the Secretary of the Student Native Christian Association, South Africa.

438 Church now seeks to control per- Christianity should enlarge its sonal life and character. own conception of religious truths. We cannot be sure we completely PROFESSOR R. H. TAWNEY, possess our own religion until we University Lecturer, London. are ready to commit it like yeast in meal. Christianity must con- ""* tinue to grow if it is to continue to live. The objectives in the Christian PROF. WM. E. HOCKING, movement in China are: Harvard University, Cam- 1. All future activity on the pllrt of bridge, Mass. the churches should be church-centric and not mission-centric. ""* 2. To do all possible to deepen the We must make our religion more Christian life. spiritual because the area we must conquer is greater than ever be- 3. To encourage and cooperate with fore. Christianity comes as truth the Chinese in building indigenous from God. The fact that God is Christian movements. love ought to frighten us out of our wits. If He is love, then there 4. To continue to send missionaries is not much chance for us. "All auunder the direction of the Chinese thority in Heaven and earth is Church. given unto Me" is true or it is not true. The great missionary enter- 6. To desist from forcing on the prise had its most glorious period Chinese Church Western ecclesiastical when Christians held their faith in forms, rituals and organization. less complex form. We do not think out the results of our own 6. To regard all missionary property actions far enough. We have the as intended for the use of the Chinese same message and that message is Christian movement and as soon as may the Gospel of Christ but we must seem wise to transfer the use, control extend it over a wider area because and ownership of this property to life is more complex and broader Chinese bodies. today and we must give our reli- gious message more manifold ex- DAVID Z. T. Ym, pression.

General Secretary Y. M. C. A. BISHOP WILLIAM TEMPLE, Manchester, England. of China. *"* ""* Secular civilization has egotisti- The more I study non-Christian cal and altruistic aspects. When- ever an individual or group pursystems, the more I see a reaching sues self-interest, they become sec- ular in an egostical sense. Secular out for what we have in Jesus civilization has also altrustic as- pects-when we seek the good of Christ. others.

DR. A. K. REISCHAUER, JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt.D., Religious Work Sec. So. Ameri- Professor in the Meiji Gakuin, can Y. M. C. A., Uruguay. . Tokyo, Japan.

"""

Syncretism combines life in Christ assimilates. Christ claims His own when we claim the truth which is in other religions. If Christ is universal, then He is both superior and unique. In our dealings with the non-Christian religious systems we must combine sympathy with certainty. In Christ we do not merely have a medicine or a way, but in Him we have life itself.

DR. E. STANLEY JONES, Missionary to India.

The ethics of the cross and the The population increases at the way of Jesus are terms glibly used. Let us face it by deepening and ex- rate of 1112% per year. No questending the application of Christianity. How is Christianity to tions of health, education or relibaptize our new learning and our gion can be considered in India new social order? The effort to without regard to the rural work. bring this about will break every In 1901 we had thirty-six million shred of self-dependence and self- illiterates in the Province of Madcomplacency. It will drive us to ras; in 1921 we had thirty-nine the unlimited resources of God. As million illiterates. It will take we enlarge our understanding of forty years to provide schools for the work of the Holy Spirit and the present growth of the populamake more real our dedication to tion at the present rate of school the service of the Holy Spirit, and growth. bring down into actual experience our sense that we are God-pos- K. T. PAUL, B.A., sessed, only so can we deal success- Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., India. fully with this problem. … … … CANON CHARLES E. RAVEN, D.D., Liverpool Cathedral, England. There are four things that Chris- tians should do in rural areas: … … … 1. Inform themselves as to what The religious' experience into the church is doing in rural areas. which you enter is not due to anything you have done but rather to 2. Arouse conscience and action. what Christ has done and you have 3. Make known to rural districts entered into it by His grace. what the Church stands for and convince them that the Church does RT. REV. WM. TEMPLE, D.D., not stand for an anti-social pro- gram. Bishop of M.a.. nc..h. est…er, England. 4. Establish and promote good will between the farmers and the yve are working for a change of churches. … … … Climate, not to slay the monsters of We have 4112 million blacks and industrialism but for a new climate 1% million whites in South Africa, in which these monsters can no yet 88 % of theland is in the hands longer live. All we plead for is the of the whites and 12% in the hands of the blacks. Has this Conference application of Christianity to anything to say regarding the Christian view of subject races? wider areas. We plead for condi- PROF. DAVIDSON, D.T., Jabavu, tions that will make possible a South African Native College, fuller personality. All the Church Alice, South Africa.

can do is to get a public opinion * .. * which will make this change pos- In the Congo when our natives wish to refer to the scanty amount sible. of Christian literature available they say: "The God of the Roman BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, Catholics has no books."

D.D., REV. CHARLES E. PUGH, English Baptist Missionary Methodist Episcopal Church of Society. … … … N.A.

Ninety per cent of the people of India are dependent upon the land.

FROM A DELEGATE'S NOTEBOOK

Our Government doctors tell me only bodies entitled to determine that there are 100 million living in missionary policy are the churches India beyond the most limited and the missionary societies and amount of medical help. In Kenya boards, representing the churches. Colony the death rate among children under twenty months is as It is recognized that the successhigh as 600 per 1,000; in Bengal ful working of the International as high as 414 per 1,000. Missionary Council is entirely de- pendent on the gift from God of the K. T. PAUL, spirit of fellowship, mutual under- National Y. M. C. A. Secretary, standing and desire to cooperate.

India. II. Membership and Meetings- The Council is composed of the * '" * national missionary organizationst and the National Christian Coun- Instead of seeking the fulfillment cils in the following countries, of our own science and personali- (with number of members indities, let us seek the fulfillment of cated), namely: God in us. United Missionary Council of Aus- DR. KARL HElM, tralia. (1) Prof. of Theology, University Societe BeIge de Missions Protestantes of Tubingen. au Congo. (1) *** National Christian Council of China. (2) The New Council Congo Christian Council. (1 ) The following reasons are given Deutscher Evangelischer Missionsbund. for the continuance and larger development of this council (which (1) was inaugurated under another Societe des Missions Evangeliques de name at Edinburgh in 1910) : Paris. (2) Conference of Missionary Societies in a. The missionary enterprise is in all Great Britain and Ireland. (5) lands actually and manifestly interna- National Christian Council of India, tional. Burma and Ceylon. (2) National Christian Council of Japan. b. It is necessary to reveal the awareness on the part of the missionary move- (2) ment of the international consciousness which pervades all departments of hu- Korea Christian Council. (1 ) man progress. Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. (3) c. There are many world situations Commissie van Advies (The Netherinvolving missions with which it is im- lands), (1) possible to deal except internationally. Netherlands India Christian Council.

d. A Christian missionary interna- (1) tional organization is needed to represent missions in relations with other National Missionary Council of New representative international bodies. Zealand. (1) e. The essential spiritual unity already Foreign Missions Conference of North existing among Christians demands man- America – United States and Canada. ifestation in international missionary cooperation. (7) Missionary Conference of Northern *** Europe. (2) Evangelical Union of the Philippine The Revised Constitution* Islands. (1) Missionary Societies of South Africa. I. Preamble-The Council is established on the basis that the (1) * This as an abbreviated statement of the Association of Missionary Societies in Switzerland. (1) Constitution. Complete copies may be had by Christian Council of Western Asia and cll,itjl§ ~~u~~~ i~t:~~:,tl&~~l ~~~.ionary Coun- ~orthern Africa. (2) t The term '·miseionary" is used in this con- stitution to describe the work of the churches in all countries.

The meetings of the Council shall mittee shall be elected by the be of two kinds, namely: (a) Gen- national missionary organizations eral Council Meetings, and (b) and Christian Councils. The Com- Special Meetings for the considera- mittee may elect other members, tion of particular subjects. The not exceeding five in all, to be call for these general or special nominated by the officers, in order meetings shall be issued by the to supply special knowledge or ex- Committee of the Council …. perience, who shall be consultants The number of representatives without voting powers.

which each national missionary The Committee of the Council organization and Christian Council shall meet at the call of the officers will be entitled to appoint for each of the Council. or upon request of meeting of the Council shall be as a majority of the members of the stated by the Committee in its Committee or upon the request of proposal to call a meeting and as three or more of the constituent ratified by national bodies in their national organizations. Ten mem- approval of the proposal ….. . bers of the Committee other than III. Functions-The functions the officers shall constitute a of the Council shall be the follow- quorum, provided. however. that ing: these represent national mission- ary organizations or Christian 1. To stimulate thinking and investi- Councils. members of the Council, gation on questions related to the mission in three different continents. and expansion of Christianity in all the world, to enlist in the solution of these V. Officers-The officers of the questions the best knowledge and ex- Council shall be a Chairman, two perience to be found in all countries, and to make the results available for all who Vice-chairmen, Treasurer, and share in the missionary work of the Churches. two or more Secretaries. These of- 2. To help to coordinate the activities ficers shall be elected by the Comof the national missionary organizations mittee of the Council. and Christian Councils of the different countries, and to bring about united VI. Expenses-The Committee action where necessary in missionary of the Council shall prepare annual matters. budgets two years in advance, 3. Through common consultation to which shall be submitted to the help to unite Christian public opinion in constituent national organizations support of freedom of conscience and for approval and toward which religion and of missionary liberty. they will be invited to contribute in a proportion to be recommended 4. To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and interracial relations.

5. To be responsible for the publica- by resolution of the Committee. tion of the International Review of Mis- VII. Procedure-It is under- 8ion8 and such other pUblications as in the judgment of the Council may con- stood that the Council and the tribute to the study of missionary questions. Committee of the Council will function internationally, and that 6. To call a world missionary conference if and when this should be deemed the members of the Committee of desirable. the Council in anyone country will IV. The Committee of the Coun- not take action as a national group cil-This Committee shall have the though they may be caUed together power to act for the Council in the by the officers of the International intervals between its general coun- Missionary Council for purposes of cil meetings. consultation if this should seem The membership of the Com- necessary.

CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN *

EXpre88ed by the International MU8ionary Oouncil" in its Meeting on. the Mount oj Olives, Jerusalem T HROUGHOUT the world there that the world has come to know. is a sense of insecurity and in- Many who have not hitherto been won stability. Ancient religions are to His Church yet find in Him their undergoing modification, and, in some hero and their ideal. Within His regions, dissolution as scientific and Church, there is a widespread desire commercial development alter the cur- for unity, centered in His person. rent of men's thought. Institutions regarded with age-long veneration are Our Messsage Is Jesus Christ discarded or called in question; well- He is the revelation of what God is established standards of moral con- and of what man may be. In Him we duct are brought under criticism; and come face to face with the Ultimate countries called Christian feel the Reality of the universe; He makes stress as truly as the peoples of Asia known to us God as our Father, perand Africa. On all sides, doubt is ex- fect and infinite in love and in pressed whether there is any absolute righteousness; for in Him we find truth or goodness. A new relativism God incarnate, the final, yet ever-unstruggles to enthrone itself in human folding, revelation of the God in whom thought. we live and move and have our being.

Along with this is found the ex- We hold that through all that istence of world-wide suffering and happens, in light and in darkness, God pain, which expresses itself partly in is working, ruling and ever-ruling. a despair of all higher values, partly in Jesus Christ, in His life and more a tragically earnest quest of a new especially through His death, has dis- basis for life and thought, in the birth- closed to us the Father, the Supreme pangs of rising nationalism, in the ever Reality, as almighty Love, reconciling keener consciousness of race and class the 'world to Himself by the Cross, oppression. suffering with men in their struggle against sin and evil, bearing with Amid widespread indifference and them, and for them, the burden of sin, immersion in material concerns, we al- so find, now in noble forms and now forgiving them as they, with forgive- in license or extravagance, a great ness in their own hearts, turn to Him yearning, especially among the youth in repentance and faith; and creating of the world, for the full and untram- humanity anew for an ever-growing, melled expression of personality, for ever-enlarging, everlasting life. spiritual leadership and authority, for reality in religion, for social justice, We reaffirm that God, as Jesus Christ has revealed Him, requires all for human brotherhood, for inter- His children, under all circumstances, national peace. at all times, and in all human relation- ships, to live in love and righteousness In this world, bewildered and grop- for His glory. By the resurrection of ing for its way, Jesus Christ has drawn to Himself the attention and Christ and the gift of the Holy Spirit, admiration of mankind as never be- He offers His own power to men that fore. He stands before men as they may be fellow-workers with Him, manifestly greater than Western civi- and urges them on to a life of adven-. lization, greater than the Christianity ture and self-sacrifice in preparation for the coming of His Kingdom in its fullness.

The vision of God in Christ brings and deepens the sense of sin and guilt.

443

Weare not worthy of His love; we fellowship of service, of prayer and of praise. have by our own fault opposed His "The Gospel is the prophetic call to holy will. Yet that same vision which sinful man to turn to God, the joyful tidings of justification and of sanctificabrings the sense of guilt brings also tion to those who believe in Christ. It is the comfort of those who suffer; to the assurance of pardon if only we those who are bound, it is the assurance of the glorious liberty of the sons of God. yield ourselves in faith to the Spirit The Gospel brings peace and joy to the heart, and produces in men self-denial, of Christ so that His redeeming love readiness for brotherly service, and com- passionate love. It offers the supreme may avail to reconcile us to God. goal for the aspirations of youth, strength to the toiler, rest to the weary, We will not ourselves offer any and the crown of life to the martyr.

further formulation of the Christian "The Gospel is the sure source of power for social regeneration. It pro- Message, for we remember that as claims the only way by which humanity can escape from those class and race lately as August, 1927 the World Con- hatreds which devastate society at present into the enjoyment of national ference on Faith and Order met at well-being and international friendship and peace. It is also a gracious invita- Lausanne and that a statement on this tion to the non-Christian world, East and West, to enter into the joy of the living subject was issued from that Con- Lord.

ference after it had been received with "Sympathizing with the anguish of our generation, with its longing for intelfull acceptance. Weare glad to make lectual sincerity, social justice and spiritual inspiration, the Church in the this our own. eternal Gospel meets the needs and ful- fills the God-given aspirations of the "The message of the Church to the modern world. Consequently, as in the world is and must always remain the past so also in the present, the Gospel is Gospel of Jesus Christ. the only way of salvation. Thus, through His Church, the living Christ still says to "The Gospel is the joyful message of men 'Come unto me!. ….. He that folredemption both here and hereafter, the loweth me shall not walk in darkness, gift of God to sinful man in Jesus Christ. but shall have the light of life.' "

"The world was prepared for the com- The Missionary Motive ing of Christ through the activities of God's Spirit in all humanity, but especial- If such is the Christian Message, ly in His revelation as given in the Old the motive for its delivery should be Testament; and in the fulness of time plain. The Gospel is the answer to the the eternal Word of God became in- world's greatest need. It is not our carnate and was made man, Jesus Christ, discovery or achievement; it rests on the Son of God and the Son of Man, full what we recognize as an act of God. of grace and truth. It is first and foremost "Good News." It announces glorious truth. Its very "Through His life and teaching, His nature forbids us to say that it may be call to repentance, His proclamation of the right belief for some but not for the coming of the Kingdom of God and others. Either it is true for all, or it of judgment, His suffering and death, is not true at all. His resurrection and exaltation to the right hand of the Father, and by the But questions concerning the mismission of the Holy Spirit, He has sionary motive have been widely brought to us forgiveness of sins, and has raised, and such a change in the habits revealed the fulness of the living God, of men's thoughts, as the last generaand His boundless love toward us. By tion has witnessed, must call for a rethe appeal of that love, shown in its examination of these questions. completeness on the Cross, He summons us to the new life of faith, self-sacrifice, Accordingly, we would lay bare the and devotion to His service and the service of men. motives that impel us to the mis- sionary enterprise. We recognize that "Jesus Christ, as the crucified and the living One, as Saviour and Lord, is also the center of the world-wide Gospel of the Apostles and the Church. Because He Himself is the Gospel, the Gospel is the message of the Church to the world. It is more than a philosophical theory; more than a theological system; more than a program for material betterment. The Gospel, is, rather, the gift of a new world from God to this old world of sin and death; still more, it is the victory over sin and death, the revelation of eternal life in Him who has knit together the whole family in heaven and on earth in the communion of saints, united in the

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

the health of this movement and the impulse to share Him with others. We health of our souls demands a self- are constrained by the love of Christ. criticism that is relentless and exact- He Himself said, "I am come that they ing. might have life and have it more abundantly," and our experience cor- In searching for the motives that roborates it. He has become life to us. impel us, we find ourselves eliminating We would share that life. decisively, and at once, certain motives that may seem, in the minds of some, We are assured that Christ comes to have become mixed up with purer with an offer of life to men and to motives in the history of the move- societies and to nations. We believe ment. We repudiate any attempt on that in Him the shackles of moral evil the part of trade or of governments, and guilt are broken from human peropenly or covertly, to use the mission- sonality and that men are made free, ary cause for ulterior purposes. Our and that such personal freedom lies at Gospel, by its very nature and by its the basis of the freeing of society from declaration of the sacredness of human cramping custom and blighting social personality, stands against all exploita- practices and political bondage, so that in Christ men and societies and tion of man by man, so that we cannot nations may stand up free and comtolerate any desire, conscious or un- plete. conscious, to use this movement for purposes of. fastening a bondage, We find in Christ, and especially in economic, political or social,. on any His cross and resurrection, an inexpeople. haustible source of power that makes us hope when there is no hope. We Going deeper, on our part, we would believe that, through it, men and repudiate any symptoms of a religious societies and nations that have lost their moral nerve will be quickened inimperialism that would desire to im- to life. pose beliefs and practices on others in order to manage their. souls in their We have a pattern in our minds as su.pposed interests. We obey a God who respects our wills and we desire to what form that life should take. to respect the wills of others. We believe in a Christ-like world. We know nothing better; we can be con- Nor have we the desire to bind up tent with nothing less. We do not go our Gospel with fixed ecclesiastical to the nations called non-Christian betraditions which derive their meaning cause they are the worst of the world from the experience of the Western and they alone are in need-we go be- Church. Rather the aim should be to cause they are a part of the world and place at the disposal of the younger share with us in the same human need churches of all lands our collective and -the need of redemption from ourhistoric experience. We believe that selves and from sin, the need to have much of that heritage has come out of life complete and abundant and to be reality and will be worth sharing. But re-made after the pattern of Christwe ardently desire that the younger likeness. We desire a world in which churches express the Gospel through Christ will not be crucified but where their own genius and through forms His Spirit shall reign. suitable to their racial heritage. We do not desire to lord it over the per- We believe that men are made for sonal or collective faith of others. Christ and cannot really live apart from Him. Our fathers were im- Our true and compelling motive lies pressed with the horror that man in the very nature of the God to Whom we have given our hearts. Since He should die without Christ-we share is LOVE, His very nature is to share. that horror, but are impressed with a Christ is the expression in time of the deeper one—the horror that men eterJlal self-giving of the Father. should live without Christ. Coming into fellowship with Christ, we find in ourselves an over-mastering Herein lies the Christian motive. It is simple: We cannot live without

Christ and we cannot bear to think of to be made good and that the record of other men living without Him. We Christendom hitherto is not sufficient cannot be content to live in a world to sustain it. Nor has it sufficiently that is unChristlike. We cannot be sought out the good and noble elements idle while the yearning of His heart in the non-Christian beliefs, that it for His brethren is unsatisfied. might learn that deeper personal fel- Since He is the motive, the objective lowship with adherents of those be- of Christian missions fits in with that liefs wherein we may more powerfully motive. Its objective is nothing less draw them to the living Christ. We than the production of Christlike know that, even apart from conscious character, in individuals and societies knowledge of Him, when men are true and nations through faith in and fel- to the best light they have, they are lowship with Christ the living Saviour, able to effect some real deliverance and through corporate sharing of life from many of the evils that afflict the in a divine society. Christ is our world, and this should prompt us the motive and Christ is our end. We more to help them to find the fulness must give nothing less, and we can of light and power in Christ.

give nothing more. But while we record these failures The Spirit of Our Endeavor we are also bound to record with thankfulness the achievements of the Our approach to our task must be Christian Church in this field. The made in humility and penitence and difference between the Europe known love. In humility, because it is not to St. Paul and the Europe known to our own message which we bring, but Dante, to Luther, to Wesley is plain God's; and if in our delivery of it for all to see. From every quarter of self-assertion finds any place we shall the globe comes testimony to the lib- spoil that message and hinder its ac- eration effected by Christ for women.

ceptance; in penitence, because our Since the vast changes made by the fathers and we ourselves have been so development of industrialism have blind to many of the implications of come to be appreciated, every country our faith; in love, because our mes- has had its Christian social movements sage is the Gospel of the Love of and the Universal Conference on Life God, and only by love in our own and Work, held at Stockholm in 1925, hearts for those to whom we speak revealed how widespread and in- can we make known its power or its fluential these have now become. Truly true nature. our efforts have not been commen- Especially do we confess the slug- surate with the needs of the world or gishness of the older churches to with the claims of Christ; but in what realize and discharge their responsi- has been accomplished and attempted bility to carry the Gospel to all the we have already great encouragement world; and all alike we confess our for the days to come. In particular neglect to bring the ordering of men's there is a growing sensitiveness of lives into conformity with the Spirit conscience with regard to war and the of Christ. The Church has not firmly conditions that may lead up to it.

and effectively set its face against For all these indications of the race-hatred, race-envy, race-contempt, growing power of the Spirit of Christ or against social envy and contempt among Christians we thank God. And and class-bitterness, or against racial, we call on all Christian people to be national and social pride, or against ready for pioneering thought and ac- the lust for wealth and exploitation of tion in the name of Christ. Too often the poor or weak. We believe that the Church has adopted new truth, or the Gospel "proclaims the only way by new goals for enterprise only when the which humanity can escape from class danger attached to them is over.

and race hatred." But we are forced There is a risk of rashness; but there to recognize that such a claim requires is also possible an excessive caution

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

by which because His Church hangs receive in its completeness; only in back, the glory of new truth or enter- the fellowship of Christ's disciples.

prise which rightly belongs to Christ We call all followers of Christ to take is in men's thoughts denied to Him. their full share as members of His The Call to the World Body, which is the Church; no discon- tent with its organization or tradition Filled with conviction that in Jesus or failings should be allowed to keep Christ is indeed the Saviour of the us outside its fold; the isolated Chris- world, and conscious of a desparate tian is impoverished in his spiritual life need in ourselves and in all the world and impotent in his activities; our for what He only can supply, we call strength both inward and outward is upon our fellow-Christians and all our in the living fellowship. But in these fellowmen to turn again to Him for hurried and feverish days there is al- pardon and for power. so more need than ever for the deepen- (a) To all the Churches of Christ ing of our spiritual life through we call that they stand firmly upon the periodical detachment from the world rock of Christian conviction and whole- and its need in lonely communion with heartedly accept its missionary obliga- God. We desire also to call for a tions; that they go forward in full greater volume of intercessory prayer.

loyalty to Christ to discover and to The whole Church through all the express, in the freedom of the Holy world should be earnest and instant Spirit, the treasures in His unseach- in prayer, each part for every other, able riches which it is the privilege and all together for the hallowing of and duty of each to win for the Uni- God's Name throughout the world.

versal Church; that they strive to Further, we call on Christians deliver the name of Christ and Chris- throughout the world who are trained tianity from complexity in any evil in science, art, and philosophy to de- or inj ustice. vote their talents to the working out Those who proclaim Christ's mes- of that Christian view of life and the sage must give evidence for it in their world which we sorely need to secure own lives and in the social institutions us against instability, bewilderment which they uphold. It is only by "liv- and extravagance.

ing Christ" among men that we may Lastly, we urge that every possible most effectively lift Him up before step be taken to make real the fellow- them. The spirit that returns love for ship of the Gospel. The Churches of hate, and overcomes evil with good, Europe send missions and missions-of- must be evidently present in those who help to the Churches of Europe and would be witnesses for Christ. They America, not to ask for assistance, not are also bound to exert all their in- to advertise their own need or their fluence to secure that the social, inter- own development, but to minister of national and interracial relationships their treasure to the spiritual life of in the midst of which their work is those to whom they come.

done, are subordinate to and expres- (b) To non-Christians, also, we sive of His Spirit. Especially must it make our call. We rejoice to think be a serious obstacle to missionary that just because in Jesus Christ the effort if the non-Christian country light which lighteneth every man feels that the relation of the so-called shone forth in its full splendor, we find "Christian" countries to iself is moral- rays of that same light where He is ly unsound or is alien from the princi- unknown or even is rejected. We wel- ples of Christ, and the Church must come every noble quality in non-Chris- be ready for labor and sacrifice to re- tian persons or systems as further move whatever is justly so condemned. proof that the Father, who sent His The task before us is beyond our Son into the world, has nowhere left powers. It can only be accomplished Himself without witness.

by the Holy Spirit, whose power we Thus: merely to give illustration,

and making no attempt to estimate the to Him is always self-surrender. We spiritual value of other religions to must not come in the pride of national their adherents, we recognize as part heritage or religious tradition; he of the one Truth that sense of the who would enter that Kingdom of God majesty of God, and the consequent must become as a little child, though reverence in worship, which are con- in that Kingdom are all the treasures spicuous in Islam; the deep sympathy of man's aspirations, consecrated and for the world's sorrow and unselfish harmonized. Just because Christ is search for the way of escape, which the self-disclosure of the One God, all are at the heart of Buddhism; the de- human aspirations are towards Him, sire for contact with ultimate Reality and yet of no human tradition is He conceived as spiritual which is promi- merely the continuation. He is the nent in Hinduism; the belief in a desire of all nations; but He is almoral order of the universe and con- ways more, and other than they had sequent insistence on moral conduct desired before they learned of Him. which are inculcated by Confucianism; the disinterested pursuit of truth and But we would insist that when the of human welfare which are often Gospel of the Love of God comes home found in those who stand for secular with power to the human heart, it civilization but do not accept Christ as speaks to each man, not as Moslem or their Lord and Saviour. as Buddhist, or as an adherent of any system, but just as man. And while Especially' we make our call to the we rightly study other religions in order to approach men wisely, yet at Jewish People, from whose ScriptUres the last we speak as men to men, inwe have learned, and "of whom is viting them to share with us the Christ as concerning the flesh," that pardon and the life that we have with open heart they turn to that Lord found in Christ. in whom is fulfilled the hope of their nation, its prophetic message and its (c) To all who inherit the benefits zeal for holiness. And we call upon of secular civilization and contribute our fellow-Christians in all lands to to its advancement we make our call. show to Jews that lovingkindness that We claim for Christ the labors of has too seldom been shown towards scientists and artists. We recognize them. their service to His cause in dispersing the darkness of ignorance, supersti- We call on the followers of non- tion and vulgarity. We appreciate Christian religions to join with us in also the noble elements that are found the study of Jesus Christ, His place in in nationalist movements and in the life of the world, and His power patriotism, the loyalty, the self-devoto satisfy the human heart; to hold tion, the idealism which love of fast to faith in" the unseen and eternal country can inspire. But even these in face of the growing materialism of may lead to strife and bitterness and the world; to cooperate with us narrowness of outlook if they are not against all the evils of secularism; to dedicated to Christ; in His universal respect freedom of conscience so that Kingdom of Love all nations by right men may confess Christ without are provinces, and fulfill their own separation from home and friends; true destiny only in His service. Beand to discern that all the good of cause patriotism and science are not which men have conceived is fulfilled consecrated, they are often debased and secured in Christ. into self-assertion, exploitation and the service of greed. Indeed, through- Christianity is not a Western re- out all nations the great peril of our ligion, nor is it yet effectively accepted time arises from that immense deby the Western world as a whole. velopment of man's power over the Christ belongs to the peoples of Africa resources of nature which has been the great characteristic of our epoch. This and Asia as much as to the European and American. We call all men to equal fellowship in Him. But to come

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

power gives opportunity for wealth of deed and life, by righteousness and interest, and, through facilities of lovingkindness, by justice, sympathy communication, for freedom of inter- and compassion, by ministry to human course such as has never been known. needs and the deep want of the world.

But it has outgrown our spiritual and As together, Christians of all lands, moral control. we have surveyed the world and the Amid the clashes of industrial strife, needs of men, we are convinced of the the Gospel summons men to work to- urgent necessity for a great increase gether as brothers in providing for in the Christian forces in all countries, the human family the economic basis and for a still fuller measure of co- of the good life. In the presence of operation between the churches of all social antipathies and exclusiveness nations in more speedily laying the the Gospel insists that we are members claim of Christ upon all the unoccupied of one family, and that our Father areas of the world and of human life.

desires for each a full and equal op- Weare persuaded that we and all portunity to attain to his own com- Christian people must seek a more plete development, and to make his heroic practice of the Gospel. It can- special contribution to the richness of not be that our present complacency the family life. Confronted by inter- and moderation are a faithful expres- national relations that constantly flout sion of the mind of Christ, and of the Christ's law of love, there is laid on meaning of His cross and resurrection all who bear· His name the solemn in the midst of the wrong and want and obligation to labor unceasingly for a sin of our modern world. As we con- new world order in which justice shall template the work which Christ has be secured for all peoples, and every laid upon His Church, we who are met occasion for war or threat of war be here on the Mount of Olives, in sight removed. of Calvary, would take up for our- Such changes can only be brought selves and summon those from whom about through an unreserved ac- we come, and to whom we return, to ceptance of Christ's way of love, and take up with us the Cross of Christ, by the courageous and sacrificial liv- and all that for which it stands, and to ing that it demands. Still ringing in go forth into the world to live in the our ears is the call "Be not conformed fellowship of His sufferings and by to this world, but be ye transformed the power of His resurrection.

by the renewing of your minds."

In our conference we have seen more LET US GIVE THANKSclearly the fulness and sufficiency of the Gospel and our own need of the For the living faith, the loving servsalvation of Christ. The enlarging ice, the courage and patience of the mis- sionaries.

For the rise of the national churches on the mission field; for the rootage of thoughts of the generation find the Christianity in new soils. Gospel and the Saviour ever dcher and greater than men had known. For the wide acceptance of the moral authority of Christ. This deepened assurance of the adequacy and universality of the LET US CONFESS- Gospel, however, is not enough. More The indifference and ignorance of the Church at home, and its inadequate obedience and love. effective ways must be found for its The hindrances erected by our failure proclamation, not to systems of opinion only, but to human beings, to men and as individuals and as nations to practise women for whom Christ died. The the Gospel. most thorough and convincing intellectual statement of Christianity is LET US PRAYnecessary, but such statements cannot suffice. The Gospel must be expressed That in all mission fields and in our also in simplicity and love, and offered churches we may more faithfully follow to men's hearts and minds by word and 'Christ and display His mind and spirit.

That men and women and money may be laid at the feet of Christ in adequate measure for the fulfilment of the duty of this generation.

3

NEW WAY-DIt. AND MRS. SPRINGER TRAVELING IN CENTRAL

THE OLD WAY-DR. SPRINGER CROSSING 'l'HE RIVER IN A DUG OUT CANOE 450

IN CENTRAL

BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, D.D., Katanga, Central Africa M-i88ionary oj the ..lIcthudist Episcopal Ohurch AFABULOUS wealth of rich trail and on two occasions saw copper ores was the magnet slaves in chains ready to be that deflected the Cape to marched out to Angola and be sold. Cairo Railway westward from its The Benguella Railway is now runoriginally intended course along ning over that same slave trail, Lake Tanganyika and brought it practically, and reached the border to what is now Elisabethville, the of the Belgian Congo Nov. 30, 1927. capital of the Katanga, the southernmost of the four provinces of Last year Dr. Piper entered the the Belgian Congo. Katanga with his wife and two daughters by means of this rail- But even though Elisabethville road as far as it went and then by is in the very heart of Central his motor car from railhead to his Africa, it is now easily reached station. It is expected that this from the western, the eastern as rail route will link up with the well as the southern coasts by rail- Cape-to-Cairo near the mines by roads supplemented in some cases 1930. by river and lake steamers. Motor roads radiate from Elisabethville This mineral field not only has in all directions so that it is not what is commonly stated to be the infrequent now for parties to drive largest and richest known body of in ·an auto between here and the copper ores in the world, but it is west coast and to Capetown 2,500 also rich in radium ores, cobalt, miles to the south; it is possible lime, iron, coal, lead, silver, zinc, to drive to the Indian Ocean, and gold, palladium and diamonds. of the making of motor roads there Immense smelting plants for the is no end. production of metals are in opera- tion and others are being built; the The vast mineral wealth of the Koni Falls are being harnessed to Katanga has been the lode that has give an almost unlimited supply of drawn six thousand Europeans electricity, and other foreigners from the ends of the earth into this province, Naturally these commercial acseeking their fortunes and not a tivities require native labor and few are finding them there. hundreds of thousands of natives from every tribe in the mid-con- This means that changes are tak- tinent are being drawn to these ing place that are astounding even mining centers annually. to those of us that have been familiar with this section for the last Old customs and manners of natwenty years. When we first tive life are hereby turned topsyreached these mines in 1907 on our turvy and in this chaotic state the way across Africa, we were told missionary is needed even more that Mrs. Springer was the first than he is among the untouched white woman to arrive at Kam- heathen. For more than two years bove. From there we traveled for we had been in the interior among weeks westward along the old slave the very rawest of natives and had been so isolated that during that 451

TRIBES RECRUITED TO LABOR ON KATANGA COPPER MINES IN TIlE AREA Of THE CONGO MISSION EPISCOPAL C • :'~IU.T:~~~M~~i.

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time Mrs. Springer had not seen of the trip. We reached Kambove another white woman, and barely about one o'clock in the afternoon a half dozen white men had passed and an hour later as I was cycling through our station, when we along the narrow path of the camp, moved to these mines to begin mis- a native rushed out and hailed me sion work there in 1913. with the greeting, "Bwana, have Our trek from the interior to the you any books to sell? I want to mineral belt was during the latter buy a hymn book." He had known part of the rainy season and we me years before at Broken Hill and had to wade through swamps and recognized me at once and rushed vleis most of the twenty-one days out with the hope that he could

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

buy not only a hymn book but a too few. Many of the languages Bible and other books as well. have not yet been reduced to writ- ing and in those that have, there Having come from the interior, are frequently less than a dozen I did not have books of any sort books in print altogether. Our with me to sell or otherwise, as own little press has been kept busy nine of my carriers had deserted to meet the demand, as far as we and I had had to leave the nine could, and to be able to sell the loads on the veld by the side of the books at the lowest possible price. path. But. I immediately ordered books and that was the start of our In 1913, the railroad construccolportage work that has loomed tion was in progress approaching large in our missionary activities Kambove. Cycling along the level in that whole region. It is note- road bed before the rails were laid, worthy that the original capital of I was halted one day by another this book store was ten dollars native who stood at attention, gave which had been voluntarily given me the military salute and then me by a German Jew in 1907 and exclaimed, "Mufundisi (teacher) DR. SPRINGER'S CARAVAN TRAVELING THROUGH THE LUKUNGA SWAMP IN 1910 to this was added another ten dol- Springer, all the boys are crying lars by a Russian Jew here at Kam- for school."

bove in 1913. I had known this boy Mack back Since that day following our ar- in Broken Hill in 1907 when he rival in Kambove, our mission has and his mates had been at work at sold hundreds of thousands of railroad construction there, and I Bibles and hymn books, primers had been able to provide a school and other school books. We have for which they had pleaded then.

used our Christian laymen prin- So with this fresh caB, we began cipally to sell to those working afternoon and evening schools with them in the same camps and which were at once crowded with compounds and to visit the scores eager pupils. Such schools have of other mining and wood camps multiplied a hundred fold and around them where they always have been adapted to all the diffound a ready sale for their Wares. ferent groups from the raw native We aim to carryall available just out from the interior working books in every language spoken with pick and shovel to the women within 500 miles of the mineral and girls, and with French classes belt and in some much farther for those desiring to learn that away. Even so the books are all language. The pupils in the French

THE OLD- A FEW KABONGA'S WIVES, A DISSOLUTE CHIEF IN COUN'l'RY classes include a number who have preacher among them. How did had a good English education in they hear the Good News? Why British territory. some Christian layman who is one of themselves has naturally takell Wherever possible we have tried the lead and become a voluntary to place trained teachers in the teacher. They have been able to many widely scattered camps. But buy a supply of books from our colso far it has been obviously impos- porteurs-primers, hymn books and sible to respond to the call from Bibles-in the order mentioned, scores of these camps which are and have been led to Christ in that always shifting. But by selling way. primers, hymn books and Bibles in these camps, we find that thou- In order to meet the need for a sands of natives are able to find trained native ministry, we started some one in the camp who has the Fox Bible Training School in learned to read and who will teach 1910 while on the path to the inthem and so the work develops. terior. Twelve native young men from nine different tribes were en- Our missionaries are often sur- rolled before the end of the first prised when groups of from ten year. This school was later located to twenty or more natives come to at Kambove and scores of pastorus from long distances and ask to teachers and Christian laymen be enrolled as catechumen or pre- went out from there and the most paratory church members. They of them have been doing faithful have had no regular teacher or

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

work for the Master all these years. had asked me to secure for them, While still building our station from night school fees and Sunday collections and doing all the teachat Kambove in 1914, I received an ing and preaching voluntarily till extraordinary letter signed by our return from furlough. We twenty-four native young men in were then able to build a small Elisabethville, 100 miles away, ask- brick church that would seat 350 ing me to come down there and or- people, which we are still using ganize them into a church. It was though the work has long since outimpossible for me to respond at grown its capacity. On the sides once but, when the Rev. Roger S. of the audience room are eight Guptill and wife joined us about smaller rooms that have served as that time, we went down as soon book store, printing press, offices, as we could arrange to do so and THE NEW-BOYS BEING TAUGHT CARPENTRY Nl' OLD UMTALI, RHODESIA met the request. We received quite classrooms and for various other a large class on probation and bap- purposes. tized several children both among natives and whites. For from the From this small beginning, there time it was established in 1910, the were at last reports 556 full memtown of Elisabethville had no resi- bers, 648 probationers and 3,773 dent Protestant missionary till hearers connected with this church. 1917. The Government has made us a grant of a valuable plot of land For two years that little band of just across the street from this natives-most of whom were con- church and a good friend here in verts of that most notable mission- the United States has given us the ary in Central Africa since David funds to build a new church that Livingstone, Dr. Robert Laws of will be more adequate for present Nyasaland, 500 miles east of Elisa- needs. The old building will conbethvill~arried on the work tinue to be used for day and night alone, paying the rent of the small schools and for many other imporcorrugated iron store that they tant purposes.

PIONEER DAYS-CORRUGATED IRON BUILDING USED FOR CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT ELISABI!l'l'BVILLE Panda was started as a mining The board of stewards, teachers center about 1917 and now has im- and class leaders passes on the mense concentrating, leaching, character and attainments of those electrolysis, flotation and smelting seeking admission into memberplants. But our Mission – and ship. And let it be known right there was no other-was not able here that they are inclined to be to place a resident worker there very strict and rigid in matters of until 1922 and he had to leave soon discipline. Knowing as we do the after on account of health. The fearful tides of evil and temptawriter then went there and carried tion which our native Christians on for a time. The natives re- have to breast continually, we sponded in such fashion that dur- sometimes feel that it is a miracle ing the first year there were 500 that they stand as weil as they do. who joined the church as hearers These brethren of theirs who are and converts. This number has in the same positions as themselves, continued to grow rapidly under know the importance of no commy successor until now that church promise and hold them strictly to is almost up to that of Elisabeth- account for keeping in the straight ville in numbers. and narrow way, paying their church dues so as to send the gos- These churches are so organized pel light on to others and in all as to put large responsibility on respects living up to their church the native members and especially vows. on those chosen as class leaders and stewards. All of our adher- In the fifteen years that the ents and members are given cards Methodist Episcopal Church has with the dates of the fifty-two Sun- been occupying these mineral fields days of the year on which are and also stations in the territory of marked their weekly contributions the Luunda and Luba tribes, we and now these congregations, to have trained and sent out fully 150 the extent of the support of their pastor-teachers~ One of these who native pastors and teachers, are started with our Mission at Kammore than self-sustaining. bove as Mr. Guptill's cook boy,

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Nelson Capempe, has been ordained was a contemporary of Dan Crawto the ministerial order of deacon ford, having gone with him in the and is worthy of the position. same party that Mr. Fred Arnot was taking to Africa, came to One interesting case of an in- Elisabethville and told Mr. Gupdividual won and of large results till that some 200 people had been through him came out of an open- converted on his station largely air meeting held where the natives through the influence of this same congregated by the thousands on man. In relating his experience to Sunday afternoons to promenade Mr. Fisher, he had said that at and dance. first he was furious with Mr. Gup- till for breaking up the dance. On one occasion Mr. Guptill Then as he heard the hymns and came upon a very obscene dance the gospel story told again, he had there. He joined the group and by become convicted of the horrible a clever ruse soon got control of depths to which he, a professed the drums and then began to sing Christian on leaving home, had a hymn. The dancers flocked fallen since reaching the mines, eag-erly around him while the or- and had gone off and had wrestled ganizer and leader of the dance all night, as it were, with the stood to one side glowering with demons themselves. At last he had anger and finally stalked off and gained the victory through Christ. left the scene. That was the last Guptill heard or saw of him for He had then left the mineral years. . fields and returned to his own kraal which was hundreds of miles Some two years or so later, a son of the Dr. Walter Fisher who THE FRUiTAGE-A CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION GATHERED IN TWENTY·FIVE YEARS

away and from that time, Mr. dozen or more other Protestant Fisher reported, this man had been missions of Central Africa from a very active Christian and had whose territory natives come to won large numbers from heathen- work on the mines. Our great ism to Jesus Christ. How many theme is Jesus Christ as Saviour others have been similarly reached and we stress the teachings and we may never know, but this shows standards of Christian life on what tremendous opportunities which we all agree. On their rethese mineral fields offer for win- turn to their villages, we send our ning souls to the Master. members and adherents back with 'l'HE WORSHIPERS COMING OUT 01' THE ELISABETHVILLE CHURCH, CENTRAL AFRICA The work we have been describ- letters of commendation to their ing is not the interest and concern nearest mission stations. Here is of one mission or church. For, as an instance of that unity for which the only evangelical mission oper- our Saviour prayed, a real unity in ating in the mineral fields, we hftve service for the rudely awakened, always most cordially welcomed bewildered and rapidly changing the members and adherents of the natives of Central Africa.

DR. LAWS LEAVES LIVINGSTONIA * D R. ROBERT LAWS left Blan- of missionaries which over fifty years tyre at six on September 8th to ago claimed Nyasaland for Christ. return to Scotland after more than fifty years of labor in Africa. Dr. Laws is broken in health, white of hair and beard, a little bowed and In the grey dawn a little group shrunken, but with the stamp of greatgathered at the station. Commerce, ness unmistakable. government, missions were all represented-significant of the growing life The roads around Blantyre were of the young country whose doors he filled with Africans going to their has been so largely instrumental in day's work – clerks, storekeepers, opening. He is the last of that band motor-drivers, artisans. To that old man sitting in the railroad train, more • From the Mis8i01' RecordJ November, 1927. than to any other, is the marvelous change due that has brought these

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Africans out of the barbarism and redeemed from slavery, ignorance, and superstition, and a civilization is aimed ignorance of their fathers. He has at and already partially realized, where proved that Faith works-that there Christian principles lie at the foundation is nothing God cannot do in and with and guide the growth.

a man who wholly and sincerely sur- "The great educational movement renders himself. He gives all the which has placed Nyasaland in the fore- front of all Bantu countries was begun glory to God. W. P. YOUNG. at Cape Maclear fifty years ago, and has *** been developed from stage to stage until today the Liv;ingstonia Mission may re- The Livingstonia Mission Council gard itself as it is regarded by many in Africa as a leading force in the training adopted the following minute regard- ing Dr. Laws. It is an excellent sum- of a race. The Overtoun Institution has grown under the fostering care of Dr. mary of his work, and we give the Laws to be a great centre of education following extracts: in almost every department of progress "For many years Dr. Laws has been in which Africa needs instruction. In in a preeminent sense the Apostle of the preparation of men for preaching the Central Africa, extending his energies Evangel, for healing the sick, for teachfar and wide throughout the great land ing the young, for guiding the industrial to which he gave life and heart and development of the people, the Overtoun mind; not merely giving counsel and Institution as the Director of Education guidance to his own fellow-missionaries recently said, coupling with it the name and to those of other churches in other of the Henderson Institute at Blantyre, spheres, but also taking his share in the 'form educational centres of which any material development of the country; British Colony could justly be proud.'

consulted in all affairs, speaking with "Dr. Laws would be the last to claim acknowledged authority on all matters that all this was the work of one man. connected with the welfare of the people Many men and women, and many types of the land, and when the need arose, of mind, have engaged in the task with standing up to advocate with conspicuous courage and enthusiasm. But Dr. Laws success their right to fair dealing and has seen and in his own measure guided honorable treatment. Sir Lawrence Wal- the movement from the beginning.

lace, a recent governor of Northern "His colleagues in the Mission feel that Rhodesia, expressed the opinion that Dr. they have shared in a great period of Laws was the biggest man who ever African history in which Dr. Laws has came .into Central Africa. been an outstanding figure. They are "But when his great work in the Mis- proud of their connection with him, and sion with which his name is identified they feel that now, in the time of his comes under review the Council feels honorable retirement, they part with one that the preeminent position which Dr. who has been gifted of God to Africa Laws will occupy in the minds of suc- for great purposes. They part from him ceeding generations of the African peo- with profound regret and with the ple will be a much more eloquent tribute warmest goodwill, and they pray that to this worth than anything that can now in the years that are yet before him he be said. Few are left in the Mission may still have the joy of planning and whose minds can go back to the great working for the further progress of the days of the beginnings, but none are on great task of the redemption of Africa to the staff who are not in some measure which the many years of his vigorous aware of the manner in which the skill, manhood were dedicated. courage, and great human heart of Dr. Laws led the Mission on from step to "The Council feels that it cannot close step, always cautiously advancing from this Minute without an affectionate refone achievement to another, never ac- erence to Mrs. Laws, of whom so many knowledging defeat, yet ever ready to warm recollections rise in the minds of alter plans when ripening occasion called the older colleagues of her husband. Mrs. for fresh methods. Laws was the first lady to come to Lake Nyasa; she was a pioneer of work among "Dr. Laws found a country sunk in the women of the land; her hymns barbarism and heathen superstition. He nourished for a generation the spiritual sees it today a land where no man lives life of the people; her hospitality was beyond the sound of the Gospel, and such as became her husband's position where a great native Church has been in the countrv; and Dr. Laws' friends established, set deep in the hearts of the are not unaware of how frequently her people and already in some degree itself high courage was his own strength and a missionary Church. The land has been stay in many a difficult position."

FRIEND, THE SHULLA

BY MRS. D. S. OYLER, Doleaib Hill, Egyptian Sudan Missionary of the United Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

BACK in the 70's, when the to get ready to leave the village. Egyptian Sudan was in the Any who resisted were killed. clutches of political turmoil, a certain young woman lived in This young woman was torn one of the numerous villages of away from her relatives and was the section of the White Nile, taken to the Northern Sudan, which flows through the Shulla where she was sold as a slave. Many a time she longed for death. country. Sometimes she had food to eat, but She was a comely young woman; more often she went hungry. Sometimes she had clothes to wear, tall, erect in carriage; with teeth but frequently a mere rag covered as white as pearls; and with skin her nakedness. These days were as black as ebony and smooth as full of unspeakable horrors over velvet. Like the other girls in her which we mercifully draw a veil. tribe she spent a care-free existence, helping with the household Years passed. Finally she found work, going to dances, and talking some of her Shulla friends, and about the time when she would with them made her way back to have a home of her own. their village. Here they found that all was changed. Only a few Hundreds of thousands of girls scattering houses stood where in the Shulla tribe were living just there had been a large village. such a life, when there began to When this young woman found one filter through the village rumors of her relatives, her joy was unthat an army of men from the bounded. north was working toward the south, and on their way seized men Later she married a Shulla and and women, boys and girls, and life once more seemed pleasant. carried them into slavery. Such Then came the Mahdi's soldiers, rumors were discussed, but they and she and her husband were did not greatly worry the people obliged to flee south into the Dinka of the village. To the African country. Here they remained with mind the pleasures of today are their little family until danger was far more important than the evil past, after which they returned which may come tomorrow. once more to their village.

My acquaintance with Nya Suddenly one morning these peo- Shodkwaich, for such was her pIe found their village surrounded name, began about five years ago. by Arabs, each of whom carried a I asked her daughter if she were gun or a sword. The people were willing to accept Christ, but she ordered to bring out all their kaffir said that her mother would never corn which had been stored in give her consent. Later, however, their houses. After this the old Nya Shodkwaich gave her permisand infirm were shot, amid the sion and the daughter and her husscreams and groans of their loved band were baptized, together with ones. All the others were ordered their two little girls.

460 For years when I went out to to save Shullas from their sins, as hold meetings in the village where well as the foreigners."

her daughter and son-in-law were When I asked Nya Shodkwaich living, Nya Shodkwaich talked in if she were willing to pray she an undertone, and sometimes said, "I have prayed in secret these laughed, especially when prayer many moons. Sometimes Nya Dei- was being offered. Then her wul (the Bible woman) and I have daughter and son-in-law moved to prayed out in the corn fields, while the mission compound, where they we were hoeing. But I do not had been given regular work, hired know how to pray like the other by the year, instead of by the day. Christians."

The grandmother continued to live We three women prayed together with them and came to the meet- that afternoon, and the prayer ofings held in the little mud-walled fered by Nya Shodkwaich will alcommunity house. She still talked ways stand out in my memory. in the meetings, but she did not do She told the Lord that she had been it as frequently as in former times. taught to break the seventh com- One day she remained after the mandment while she was a slave. women's meeting, and with her Then she went on to review her was our Shulla Bible woman. We whole life's history. Following sat on tanned gazelle skins, which this, she closed by saying that she had been spread on the earthen was an old woman, and perhaps floor, and talked. Finally Nya her days were few, but she wanted Shodkwaich turned to me and said, to confess Christ and to be a Chris- "My talk is finished." This is a tian because there was no other very common expression in Shulla "talk" as sweet as the words of land, and I did not know to which "talk" she referred. She contin- God. ued: Nya Shodkwaich was baptized "Many a time I deliberately on the same day that four of her Shulla sisters and fourteen men tried to disturb your village meet- and boys were taken into the ings. You did not scold me. Your church. It was a blessed privilege eyes told me that you were not to see the change in this dear, old pleased. I told the other women grandmother's attitude. Instead to remain in their houses when you of laughing, she sat quietly came to the village. through each service, and was al- "Then my daughter said that ways willing to take part. If there she wanted to have the 'water of was the slightest disturbance in God' (baptism) put on her head, that little community house, she and I was not happy. I thought it reproved the offender in a kindly was foolish because she said she spirit, saying that the house of also wanted to have her two daugh- prayer was a place to be reverent.

ters baptized. A week before Dr. Oyler and I "But my insides (conscience) left our station to come home on would not give me rest. I had furlough, Nya Shodkwaich offered learned that I would be cast into a prayer which is one of my pre- the everlasting fire if I did not be- cious memories. She prayed for lieve. I learned that Christ, the our safety on the long journey Son of God, died many years ago home, and that we might find all

our relatives when we reached our Word has reached us that Nya "village." Then she prayed for Shodkwaich has been called to her her tribe, and those who have ac- eternal home. She is the first cepted Christ, that none of them Shulla Christian woman to receive would become cold, or turn aside the summons to go up higher. She from Christianity. She closed her will not be standing on the river prayer with these words: "I have bank at Doleib Hill to greet us lived many years. My eyes have when the steamer draws up to the seen much of evil. Perhaps I will landing, twenty-five hundred miles not be here when my friends return up the Nile River, but Christ has from their country. Keep me from led her safely through the "valley committing sin. And when they of the shadow of death," and she return, may I have some one in my will be on the Heavenly Shore to hands, who has learned the 'talk of welcome me when I too am called God' from lne~" Home.

THE LORD'S PRAYER* In Kopapingo Literal Translation Indi Wongine Bapa napooroong- Great one Father our the place goo wonga noora garrowa ka- you rest in is heaven, there you ninna. abide.

Bitchan ka-billi ka-ninna. Thus always you abide.

Ni namakaroo, nungoo yakoo You are good, your name is namakaroo. good.

Ni konggaityooro, napooroona You help us keep your good law kangoo nungoo mainmuk rorm di- here in world this. palla wonga lilli.

Bayyanya nakoona wallala ka- The same as they keep it there kama onna garrowa. in heaven.

Biakoo billi biakoo, billi gooroo- Every day, every day give us pooloo natta galnawa. food for our bodies.

Ka ni bai lakarangoo ballangoo And you forgive us sins our as djirri napooroonggoo ooni billi no- we forgive those who wrong us. pooroona bai lakarangoo oorakoo wallalunggoo yorlkor yaitchirri. Lead us, look out for us in the good way, and keep away from Garngoo napooroona, djaga na- evil things us. pooroonggoo namatungoo dookarr, lilli ka roongunmurra yaitnooroo Always is good law. Always napooroona. you are powerful.

Billi nungoo namakaroo rorm. Billi dal ni.

Ni Bapa ballanya natilli na- You Father like this first be- koona yooroona wonga dooala. Ni fore, afterwards this world. You tooka ballanya yooroona dooala will be like this after this world finished. Amen. wonga. Baina-yirri.

• From the Mi8Bionary Review of Australia. A South Sea Island Language.

WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL

Preparations for the Tenth World's Sunday School Convention at Los Angeles BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D.D., New York A8sociate Secretary oj the World's Sunday School .Association T HE world is always under re- preparation of lesson materials view when the work of the adapted to the various countries World's Sunday School Asso- and climes. Japan has made re- ciation is considered. Effort is con- markable progress and now has tinuously being made through the eleven years of graded lessons.

various units, the National Sunday Adequately equipped teachers School Associations, to accomplish are essential wherever satisfactory three definite objectives: (1) Win results are to be obtained. This souls to Christ; (2) Build them principle applies especially in the up in Christ; (3) Send them out realm of religious education where to work for Christ. Human nature, man's needs and spiritual realities are the same everywhere, and the same power is required to bring success anywhere.

Christian Sunday-school work is continuous. The tenth convention of the World's Sunday School As- sociation· will be held in Los An- geles, California, July 11-18. The ninth was in Glasgow, 1924, and the eighth in Tokyo, 1920, and a:n one is being prepared for life in invitation will be presented to hold two worlds. Law requires that the the eleventh, in 1932, in South prospective operator of a motor America. Fifty-five nations were vehicle shall give a satisfactory represented at Glasgow and at Los demonstration of his ability before Angeles a registration of 7,000 is he is permitted to take a car on anticipated. Leaders in religious the highway. Too often, scarcely education throughout the world a question is asked of the teacher have been invited to make ad- who is entrusted with the leader- dresses or to participate in the dis- ship of a child. The work of teach- cussion and nearly three-fourths of er training is being developed in them will come from outside the every country where there is a United States. field secretary of the World's Sun- Marked progress has been made day School Association. Courses during the past quadrennium in are conducted throughout the year, the preparation of lesson materi- training schools are held each sum- also It has often been said that an mer, correspondence courses are adequate curriculum is one that followed and seminaries are urged meets the need of the pupil in every to give more comprehensive atten- stage of his development. Careful tion to religious education as an attention is being given to the essential department. In many in- 463

stances, the World's Secretary is national Daily Vacation Bible invited to give a series of lectures, School Association has been in ac- if not to direct the entire course of tive cooperation in prosecuting such study. this work. In some countries a Korean students are enthusias- literature had to be created both tic in their eagerness for teacher for the instructors and students.

training. They journey long dis- A special department was organ- tances on foot, carrying their bag- ized in Korea. The last report of gage, that they may have the help D. V. B. S. in Korea gives 311 of a school in their area. The schools, 2,246 teachers and 29,403 largest meeting place is all too pupils.

small. In Northern Korea recent- In South Pyeng An Province a ly, where ice was two feet thick little girl came to the vacation on the river, about 700 students school in her home town and there were present during the day ses- learned something about Christ. sions. When the time came for the Every morning at home, however, more popular evening meetings, she saw her father prostrating those who lived in the more imme- himself before family ancestral diate neighborhood were eager to tablets. One day she asked, "Fareceive the benefit also, but the ther, why do you bow down before floor space was filled by those al- that old box?" When the father ready seated. The chorister in- thought it over he could find no vited all to stand for a song, and good reason why he should conthen told the people to step for- tinue to do so, with the result that ward close to the person in front. he stopped such worship and with After the singing they were in- his family came to the church to structed to sit down just where find out more about what his little they were. They managed this and daughter had learned. so left some space at the rear of the hall and this was quickly fined Near the city of Taiku were a by others. The same process was number of young men who thought repeated, until 1,500 were packed socialism, even communism,· to be in, almost to suffocation, when the a good thing, and so they thought evening messages were delivered. too that they were very much op- They planned for an attendance of posed to Christianity, knowing 1,000 at the last All-Korean Sun- nothing about it except false re- day School Convention in Seoul, ports. When a vacation school but when the delegates were was begun in their town they counted, 1997 were recorded. thought they would surely have to Twice as many came as were ex- oppose it, but finally some, more pected! They are now thinking in open-minded then the others, went terms of 4,000 for their next na- to see for themselves what was be- tional convention. ing done. The result was that, Daily Vacation Bible Schools finding Christianity to be some- have had their beginning in a num- thing! very different from what they ber of countries during the quad- had supposed, they took up an of- rennium. Their benefits have been fering among themselves and their repeatedly established in China, friends amounting to 70 yen and Korea, Japan, Philippine Islands, gave it to the church they had Bible Lands and Brazil. The Inter- thought they hated with the re-

THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL PROGRESS

quest that it be used as the church material has been issued in the saw fit. National Phonetic Script, in which Approach to the Moslem has al- thirty-nine characters represent ways been a most difficult problem. the sounds of the Chinese language.

Therefore it is very significant to Thereby an illiterate person is able state that there has been a decided to learn to read in about a month's increase in Sunday-school member- time. A very helpful result has ship in Egypt. The attendance at recently been attained through the all the well-established schools has work of Chinese artists and devel- grown. Thousands of Moslem chil- dren have been taught in the streets of Cairo, Alexandria and other centers. The small Bible les- son picture card has been a materi- al factor in gaining the attendance and in holding the attention of these boys and girls. They assem- ble in some open place rather than in any building. In fad there would be an added problem in try- ing to get them into a building for their Sunday-school sessions.

During the past four years, the special Sunday-school work on the continent of Europe has been un- der the direction of James Kelly, the Field Secretary under the Brit- ish Committee. In his reports, ac- counts are given of genuine prog- ress in no less than fifteen countries. Mr. Kelly has made re- peated trips to those nations and has been in helpful conference with the various national Sunday School THE CONVENTION POSTER Associations as organized. A re- opment in China of the art of color cent project was an important printing whereby very satisfactory deputation trip of two Danish Bible lesson pictures, both large clergymen to Iceland in the inter- and small, have been made availest of the Sunday-school move- able. These pictures carry local ment. color in a double sense and make an unusual appeal to the Chinese In spite of the war problems, the mind. China Sunday School Union has been able to maintain its work. Looking Ahead Only parts of that great area have been affected at any time by the In facing the coming quadren- local strifes. At all times current nium, 1928-32, the purpose is to Sunday-school literature has been develop all the work now in hand, furnished, as usual, for all the rest make more help available to the of the more than 200,000 in their existing National Sunday School Sunday-school membership. Much Associations and assist other na- 4

tions as rapidly as funds and lead- each of the national units composership can be obtained. ing the World's Sunday School As- sociation. So that the country with The National Sunday School As- the largest Sunday-school memsociation has always been in the bership and which contributes the program to work through the mis- major amount of money can never sionary agencies on the field and be in a position to exercise any the national churches as organized control, it is purposed that not into a Sunday School Association more than one third of the total for that particular country. This membership of the Executive Comis in accord with the trend in re- mittee shall reside in anyone cent years to help locally rather country. More and more the re- sponsibility for providing the than superimpose any method on money, including the cost at headanother country. By-laws have quarters, and guiding the work, been altered and will be further will be allocated among the various changed at "Los Angeles-1928" to enlarge the consciousness of re- units according to their abilities. sponsibility and opportunity in CAREY'S INFLUENCE CONTINUES BY ALTON B. JACOBS, Angwin, California ; FTER years of strain due to "In those days it meant more to be a Christian than it does now when there f l toil and study as factory are more who have taken their stand for Christianity. A short time after my manager, preacher, profes- great-grandfather accepted Christianity, sor, translator, and compiler, Wil- my grandfather was born. The relatives liam Carey, pioneer of the Cross to of my great-grandfather now found a India, wrote: "I feel as a farmer way to inflict more persecution upon him. does about his crop." It was not They sought an opportunity to put an until these years of labor in Bengal end to the life of the new-born babe. were past, that he saw any results So one evening when my great-grandof his seed-sowing. His first Ben- mother went out of the home on an ergali Brahman convert was a man rand, she snugly laid the baby (my named Mukerjee. The fruitfulness grandfather) asleep on a rice winnower of this work is shown in the word and went out. The relatives took advanreceived recently from L. G. tage of the absence of the mother and Mukerjee, a native C h r i s t ian carried the sleeping baby out in the worker, and great-grandson of the grove near the home, and left him among first Bengali Christian. He re- the bamboos. expecting that the wild ports that his grandfather, Lal jackals would kill him. Chand Mukerjee, the son of Carey's convert, died at the ripe old age "When my great-grandmother reof ninety-nine years. In his home turned home, she searched high and low was formed one of the first native for her baby, but failing to find him, she churches in India. He thus carried went away and never returned, probably on the precious faith which his fa- committing suicide by throwing herself into the Ganges. . . . ther had received. The younger Mukerjee writes: "Grandfather studied many denomina- tional books but his favorite books were the Bible, The Lord's Dealings with George Muller, and the 'Life of John Wesley.'''

William Carey did not sow in vain. The influence of his work still abides.

"UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY" IN

The Attitude of Turks toward Mission Schools J LTHOUGH the Turkish Gov- of the parents of children at .£"l. ernment has declared that Brousa, and their united action in State and Church, national- withdrawing their children from ism and religion, are separate and the School, …… then we come to distinct in Turkey, the application realize that we are not facing an of this principle is difficult. Islam ordinary, simple event. It has was for so long a time the religion made such a profound impression of the State and apostasy was so in Turkish society, that even the generally considered treason that Board of Education of a secular it is difficult for the Turks today Republic has seen the necessity of to think that a Turkish Moslem interfering with it.

can become a Christian and con- "We ought to consider first: tinue to be a loyal citizen of the Why are there American schools Turkish Republic. Theoretically in purely Turkish towns like and legally adults are permitted to Adana, Smyrna, Brousa, Cae- choose their own form of religion, sarea, etc.? Why are there French, or to be irreligious, but practically Italian, German, English, Austrian many great obstacles are put in and other foreign schools for boys the way of those who would leave and girls in Constantinople? It is Mohammed for Christ. It is for- evident that the duty of a school is bidden by law to influence minors to give education; and the work to change their religion-especially of education is to infuse in the to influence them to become Chris- young generation the common tians. The teachers in the Mission ideas, feelings, aims and ideals of school at Brousa have found that, the society to which it belongs.

though they obeyed the Turkish These can only be passed to the law, there is bitter opposition to younger generation through the any Christian influence being souls of the thoughtful and cul- exerted on Turkish youth. tured leaders of that society.

The following echoes from the Therefore, the existence of Amer- Turkish press show the trend of ican and foreign schools in Turkey Turkish thought (From Hovat, is useless, serving no purpose.

February 2, 1928) : "And yet the foreign schools in "Some of the girls of the Amer- Turkey are not useless altogether.

ican School at Brousa (Turkey) Foreign schools mean foreign cul- have embraced Christianity. This ture, and the contribution of this incident by itself is nothing but culture is expressed in the exist- the movement of a few individuals, ence of foreign languages, foreign out of the Mohammedan mass of national ideas and foreign religion.

several hundreds of millions into The function of a foreign school the Christian mass of several hun- is to engraft this culture in the dred millions. But if we consider native youth. Moreover, the for- the reaction of the events-the eign schools in our country are not publications of the press, the panic empty; instead they are crowded.

467

If you ask the administration of education come from being real these foreign schools, what their Christians. motives and reasons are which lead them to open and sustain these "In brief, there is Christianity schools, they answer that their aim in the schools, there is Protestantis humanitarian and they want to ism. But the influences on the promote education in Turkey. pupils are all indirect without Protestant schools don't teach reli- bearing the name of Christian. In gion directly in their schools, fact, the American missionaries moreover, they seem to be loyal to themselves name their new activithe laws and regulations of the ties in Turkey 'Unnamed Chris- State…… . tianity.' By creating a complete Christian environment for the "Let us consider the educational Turkish youth to live in, their aim activities of these schools. Here, is to instill in them gradually and first of all, we face moral educa- unconsciously .Christian ways and tion. They speak continuously from beliefs under the name of characthe point of view of character- ter-building, and so forth….. . building and this responsibility is "We may easily imagine the imalways and by all means under- pressions which these indirect taken by American teachers. All methods make on the souls of the other activities of the School young girls. The Brousa case is move towards that goal. One of a strong evidence of this. Probthe most attractive activities of the ably few persons will object to School is athletics, which is con- such an attitude by saying: 'Shall ducted always under the leadership we still discuss religion in a secuof a young American teacher, care- lar Republic?' It is true that every fully trained under strong reli- Turk of age is free to choose his gious influences….. The directors own religion; he may become a of the American schools have Catholic if he so wishes, or a Budlearned well that the method of in- dhist, or he may remain a Moslem direct religious teaching is the or an atheist altogether. But we most effective. The influence of a must not forget the fact that every good sports teacher has been very religion is an idea which can be deep-going and abiding on the applied to life. A young Turk who morals of the (Turkish) youth. has become a Protestant can find The essence of the teaching for no more satisfaction for the thirst character building is taken from of his soul in the society of Turkey. the Gospels, but in the beginning He looks to the great social order their sources are not openly stated of Protestantism; whereas the to the children….. . eyes of every young Turk should be fastened on his own (Turkish) "Teachers, male or female, are society. very polite and courteous. They are fine-looking, full of the human- "Therefore, foreign schools are itarian spirit, and obviously very not only abnormal institutions but much Christian. Moreover there is also obviously dangerous agents to an effort to make a gradual and our society. Those who shall presteady impression on the minds of pare the young people of a society the pupils that all their courtesy, must be only the thoughtful and humanitarian spirit, and refined cultured men of that society. It is

"UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY" IN TURKEY

not possible for the foreigner, with the fact that they are practically con- the greatest good-will, to influence fined to the children of our wealthy families because of their excessive the youth of a country according tuitions. The worst harm for a democto the ideals of that country. The racy is a class education. To eduforeign teachers of the foreign cate the children of the wealthy class schools in our country, with their in different ways from those of the great 'good-will,' are trying to sep- common people is a social fallacy, arate the Turkish youth from which is full of dangers in the conse- Turkish society. Do they desire to quences.

do evil to Turkey? Evidently not. "If these schools are abnormal and But the net results of their work even dangerous and harmful, why are undoubtedly evil. then are they crowded with pupils? "Consider the harm which for- First of all there is a total misappre- hension of the functions of education eign schools produce, as abnormal among the heads of families, espeagencies, on the moral education cially of those of the higher classes. of the youth of our country: Piano, 'etiquette,' and a foreign 1an- "1. The inner life of the boarding- guage are thought to be the three eleschools especially is very far from re- ments of education. Second, there is flecting the life of Turkish society. The a general indifference on the part of national days' of the Turks, which are the parents towards schools. Many a the main sources of national enthusiasm and elation, cannot be observed in these head of a family considers himself alschools; whereas the religious and na- together relieved from all his respontional days of the country which the mis- sibilities for the education of his chilsion represents are celebrated in a most dren, if once he entrusts his children impressive and inspiring way.

"2. The aim of the educational activi- to the care of a school. For such parties, which are carried on in these for- ents, boarding-schools are very ateign schools under the watchword of tractive; and the foreign boarding- 'unnamed Christianity,' is to infuse schools are ideal. Christian beliefs and doctrines in the minds of children in a subtle and peda- "The first responsibility rests with gogical way; for example, to inject parents whose children crowd these Christianity gradually, unconsciously schools. And the second responsibiland even without mentioning its name. ity is incumbent upon the Ministry of "3. The influence of these foreign Education. schools is most effective on the sensitive "The teachings of these foreign souls of our young girls. schools have not been found thus far "4. Foreign schools exert political in- superior to those of our national fluence also on the youth. They teach history from foreign sources and foreign schools. Look at the men who have points of view…… 'The freedom of the more or less social standing in the persecuted nations from the yoke of country and see how many of them Turkish tyranny!'…… are ideas which have been graduated from these forare frequently met in these sources.

"In short, these schools with all their eign schools. Look at the great aims and methods of education are in- leaders of the country; none of them stitutions which sever the Boul of the have ever studied in a foreign school! Turkish child from his own society and As to the language, nowhere a foreign bind him to another society which is not Turkish …… The occasional instances language by itself has been an aim in of conversion which break forth now and then are obvious manifestations of education; it is a means only, a means the indirect influence which these schools for the inter-communication of minds. exert on the minds of the pupils who at- The old Turkish school in spite of its tend them. The most powerful influence many faults, prepared great Turks; of a foreign school is the one which is exerted indirectly. the modern Turkish school is also pre- paring great Turks for tomorrow.

4. "Another harm of these foreign "Character is very largely a national schools which is not less important, is matter. It can be formed only in a na-

tional environment, through the good are based on righteousness, truth and bad influences of that environment. and brotherhood. But Christian Character cannot be imported from out- mission schools lose sight of their side, because it cannot have a foreign main reason for existence if they nature. Foreign schools, will build char- fail to put first the training of acter after the pattern of their foreign youth to know and believe in and ideas only; whereas such a character is follow Jesus Christ and to put into dangerous for the Turkish national practice His principles and teachideals, whether it be a political or a re- ings in all relationships of life. ligious thing." This should produce better chil- dren and better citizens-unselfish, The distinction between religion friendly, faithful and intelligent servants of God and man. and national loyalty should not be an impossible one for Turkish minds. A Christian can be a good citizen of any country whose laws NUGGETS FROM THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL MEETING Betraying Christianity Religion should control the whole of life. To ignore economic problems is to betray Christianity. Social conditions fix the environment in which religious influences have to work, they mould character and are responsible for forces we cannot control. We cannot successfully appeal for a life of self-sacrifice in an environment controlled by a ruthless competitive industry. We cannot have one standard of social ethics in personal relations and one in economic affairs.

R. H. TAWNEY, ESQ., London School of Economics, England.

The Burden of India Everything called India is rural India. Millions of peasants are not only paupers, but bankrupts. Their poverty means lowered vitality and fatalistic depression. Their ignorance leads to quacks, malnutrition, litigation, money lenders and middlemen. Many early marriages, although the extent of these has. been greatly exaggerated, lead to devitalized children, and over-burdened parents. It costs two cents a day to keep a man well in the best Indian prisons, yet the average income per family of several persons is from two to three cents a day. Education of the young is not enough. There must also be adequate adult education.

K. T. PAUL, B.A., Indian Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in India.

Raee Prejudice All Christian forces, dedicated as they are to prepare for the establishment among all mankind of the Kingdom of God, are bound to work with alI their power to remove race prejudices and adverse conditions due to it, to preserve the rights of peoples, and to establish educational, religious and other facilities designed to enable all alike to enjoy equality of social, political and economic opportunity.

-Report on "Racial Relationships."

THE READING ROOM OF THE MISSION IN

THE IRISH CHURCH IN DAMASCUS BY REV. ELIAS NEWMAN, Damascus, Syria Missiotuw'll of the Irish Pre8byterian Church N EARLY ninety years ago (in Church to continue the mlSSlOn 1839) The Church of Scot- alone. Later on the Church of land sent out a delegation England, through the "London of enquiry to the Jews of the Jews Society," entered the field world. The result was the open- but after the Great War they too ing of Jewish Mission work in . left Damascus, so that the Irish Palestine and in different parts of Mission is now the only one work- Europe. ing among Jews in Syria. During One of the Scottish delegates, the last two years we passed the saintly Rev. Robert Murray through a great deal of trouble and McCheyne, visited Belfast and as a distress owing to the revolution result the Irish Presbyterian Gen- and the bombardment, but now eral Assembly decided to fol1ow Damascus is again normal and the the example of their Scottish work is in full swing.

brethren and opened a mission in Our church has recently pur- Damascus in 1843. chased a new building which has About the same time the United been equipped as a mission head- Presbyterian Church of North quarters. In it we have our Jew- America sent two missionaries to ish boys' school with over 100 Damascus commissioning them to students; our Arabic, French and go "to the Jew first and also to the English night school; a chapel and Gentile." After twenty-five years lecture hall for gospel services. A the United Presbyterian withdrew Lenten service was recently at- from Damascus and left the Irish tended by 300 Jews, and about 500 471

were turned away for lack of room. Under the old Turkish regime As it was the service had to be held it was not always possible to do in the courtyard. work openly among Jews or Mos- lems in Damascus. But the new In addition to Christian educa- conditions have made the missiontional work among Jews and J ew- aries more free, and have given esses through our day schools, we more opportunities. A new era are pushing the .work of general has dawned and the door for servevangelism among the Jews of the JEWISH DAY SCHOOL PUPILS OF' 'l'HE IRISH P RESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DAMASCUS oldest city recorded in history and ice among Jew and Moslem is now still inhabited, Bible women are wide open. daily at work in the Jewish quarter and are welcome in the homes "USE ME!" of the Jews. Evangelists and colporteurs visit the shops and places I am the Bible. of business in the different ba- I am God's Library. zaars, cooperating with the British To the weary pilgrim I am a Strong and Foreign Bible Society, the Staff. Scripture Gift Mission and The To the one who sits in gloom, I am Glo~. Trinitarian Bible Society. rious Light. To those who stoop beneath heavy bur – The Irish Presbyterian Church dens, I am Sweet Rest. is taking advantage of the new To him who has lost his way, I am a spirit of enquiry among the Jews Safe Guide. all over the world and is concen- To the discouraged, I whisper a glad trating on Jewish work more than message of Hope. in the past. To those who suffer in loneliness, I am a Friend. Use Me!

-Adapted from " World Call."

Of THE

The Significance of the J erusa- 8. Should the Christians at home be judged by the same standards as con- lem Council verts abroad-more or less strict?

O NLY God and time can de- 9. Should Christian missionaries and termine whether or not the their families appeal to their home gov- Missionary Council, recently ernments for protection in foreign lands, held on the Mount of Olives, was an or should they look only to God for epoch-making event. It is clear orders and protection and be ready to that a new crisis has come in the suffer and die in the pursuit of their history of Christian missions. The calling? work is subject to scrutiny and criticism, nQt only from its op- 10. Should Christian missionaries sub- mit to all national regulations in foreign countries where these prohibit preaching the Gospel in schools and in other ways interfere with religious liberty?

11. Should some missionaries, sup- ponents, but from its advocates. ported by churches at home, devote energies chiefly to reform movements in Many questions are being asked in industry, to improved sanitation and the home lands and on the mission other enterprises relating to physical betterment, or should all give themselves fields. wholly to the spiritual work of preaching 1. What is the real justification for the Gospel and training native Chris- Christian missions to those of other re- tians? ligions? What are the aims and objectives? 12. How far is organic union desirable in the churches at home or in the various 2. What is the vital content of the fields abroad? Are unity in aim, prin- Christian message? Is it primarily per- ciple and message and full cooperation, sonal or social; does it relate chiefly to without friction or overlapping, possible the future life or to all phases of the without organic union?

present life? The Missionary Council at Jeru- salem, with its 275 delegates from 3. How is the size of missionary in- all races and lands, and from most come and expenditure related to mis- of the Protestant Christian comsionary success? Are the chief assets munions, met to consider some of financial or spiritual? Is the personnel these problems. They did not meet or the program more important?

4. What methods in missionary work have produced the best and most abiding results? Have modern missions become to hear long addresses or to legistoo much institutionalized, too expensive and too elaborate? What proportion of late for Boards at home or for mission funds should be devoted to edu- churches aboard. They met to cation, evangelism, home expenses and study and think and pray together other purposes? -for Christian "corporate think- ing" in the interests of truth, 5. How large a responsibility should be placed on the native Christian con- verts and churches? What should be the harmony and progress. They standard required for native Christians before they are accepted as equal with thought interdenominationally, inforeign missionaries in authority and ternationally, interracially. They standing in church and social circles? endeavored to reach agreement on 6. What is the relation between self- some of the more important probsupport and self-government? 7. What signs of effectiveness has the lems and thus to realize more of Church at home a right to ask of its rep- the unity for which Christ prayed. resentatives abroad in order to warrant In so far as it is carried out in their support by sacrificial giving?

473

actual missionary experience, so stated. If it is realized, then this far the Council meeting at J erusa- will have been an epoch-making lem will prove to be epoch-making conference.

in missionary history. 3. New responsibilities for Na- Reports printed elsewhere in this tive churches. The time has passed issue, and to appear subsequently, in most mission fields when the show definite promise of some im- young Christian converts and portant results: churches are willing to be con- 1. New unity in the Christian sidered as children under mission- enterprise. Men and women of ary guardianship. They now ex- many races and nationalities met pect to be treated as brothers at Jerusalem on the basis of Chris- and they are ready to assume re- tian equality. Differences in sex, sponsibility for the development of in color, in dress, in social stand- the churches in their own lands.

ing, in wealth and language made They are not strong in numbers, no difference in the spiritual unity resources or learning, but they are of the delegates. They all recog- ready to grow and to accept help nized one Master. In Christ there from those who are stronger.

is no male or female, no Jew or This new recognition of the Greek, no bond or free, no rich or national Christians is shown poor. There are differences of gifts especially in the new basis for the llnd administration, but one Spirit organization of the International and one Lord. If this ideal can be Missionary Council. In place of realized in the relation of mission- representing only the home base aries and native Christians in the churches of Europe and America, Church at home and abroad, then it will represent the twenty-three this will prove to have been an national Christian councils of the epoch-making conference. world. This is a truly great step 2. New statement of the Chris- and places the missionary enter- tian message. No new message is prise on a new basis-not of needed; nothing different from the foreign propaganda but of spiritual Gospel proclaimed by Christ and fellowship and extension through His apostles is desired. But con- witnessing and cooperation among ditions have changed and phrase- Christians of all nations and de- ology has changed. The Council nominations. The value of human adopted a clear statement in regard leadership depends on conformity to the Christian message that must to Christ's leadership. If this is be given to the world today. Other realized more practically, then this religions contain truth and ideal- will prove to have been an epoch- ism, but they have no vital truth to making conference.

be added to the Gospel of Christ. 4. New dependence on God. The His message is to all-whatever necessity for fuller reliance on the their religion or absence of religion leadership and the power of -for all have sinned and there is the Spirit of God was another im- no other Saviour than Jesus Christ. portant emphasis at Jerusalem.

He is able and ready not only to No method is of supreme im- save from eternal death but to save portance. God works in diverse for life. His life and power are to ways at diverse times. Money is be applied to all departments and not the sine qua non. Great relatienships of life. This is clearly spiritual undertakings are often

TOPICS OF Il'HE TIMES

hindered rather than helped by an away freedom of action on the part abundance of money. Even many of those who do not accept their workers are not required to attain doctrines, but also promotes dis- success. One man, moved by the order, lawlessness and immorality, Spirit of God, is a mightier force a disregard of the rights of others, than a million depending only on and a low conception of the value human wisdom and resources. We of human life. Atheism destroys cannot expect peace propaganda, true liberty which is protected by physical or industrial or social the highest laws of life.

betterment agitation or intellectual A recent letter from an evangel- advancement to solve the world's ical Christian in Leningrad conproblems. A spiritual force and so- tains the following evidence as to lution are required; therefore our present-day conditions: great dependence is on the leadership of Christ, on the power of the Several evangelical preachers were ar- Spirit of God, on an intelligent rested and imprisoned by the Bolsheviks understanding of the revealed pro- some months ago, without any charge gram of God, on a sacrificial de- being laid against them. Now they votion to the service of God and have been sent into exile for two years humanity, and on keeping in with hard labor, to the town of Kem in harmony with God through prayer. the far north, near the White Sea and Arctic Ocean….. . If these elements and principles more fully characterize the mis- Seeing them peacefully going away sionary enterprise in the coming amongst the soldiers, .brought to our years because of the Jerusalem minds the words of the Prophet, "Led as Council meeting, then that will in- a sheep to the slaughter and as a lamb deed have been an epoch-making before her shearers is dumb." The solconference. God grant that it may diers standing in rows did not let us be followed by these results! come near them, but we spoke to them with our eyes.

There went forth our good brethren, with whom we knelt so often in prayer, fighting against sin, and with whom our hearts have grown together in brotherly love, whose only aim in life was to fight against unrighteousness and sin, so that with pure hearts they could serve the A theistic Propaganda Lord. Now they are sentenced.as crim- inals–sentenced in an arbitrary way, I T IS difficult to understand the without trial and without justice and mentality of those who en- without any possibility of defending themselves or appealing to a higher deavor to propagate atheism. court…••• The results are so clearly evil that As regards the spiritual state of the the natural conclusion is that the devil is the. instigator and leader in Church, left pastoriess now, thank God, the movement. Russian commu- this happening has done much good, benists and anarchists have been a cause there is greater sincerity and big factor in the spreading of athe- boldness. All see that the words of Jesus are fulfilled and that the· day of His Coming is rapidly approaching. Remem- ber :us in prayers.

ism in China, Turkey, Europe and Russia has now been under the America. They appeal to a mis- Communistic Soviet Government taken idea of freedom and self- for ten years, but liberty and interest, teaching that belief in righteousness seem to be as far God brings servile submission to from realization as ever. . Many outside control and, therefore, de- experiments have been tried and stroys personal liberty. They do found wanting-the abolition of not point out, however, that com- private ownership and inheritance, munistic control not only takes destruction of private trade, free

postal service and transportation, "Gideons," the Christian traveling the practical abolition of marriage salesmen who have placed millions and of religion. The communistic of Bibles in American hotels. The "Heaven on earth" has proved "Four A's," as the atheist organi- "ea:rthly, sensual, devilish." The zation is called, is endeavoring to leaders have been forced to restore destroy alI religious belief and all some private rights and have aban- Christian and Jewish institutions.

doned the application of many They recommend books-some by theories of industrial management professedly Christian writers- and of education that have proved that they think will destroy faith disastrous to business and morals. in God, Christ, the Church and the The country and people have Bible. As a result they hope to been brought to the verge of ruin undermine Sunday observance, the by a disregard of the fundamental sanctity of marriage and similar laws of God and of humanity, but institutions. The aim of atheistic still the leaders seek to spread communism is to overrun the these theories and methods into world, to establish the rule of the other lands on the plea that the "proletariat," and to destroy the dissemination of atheistic commu- rights of private property and re- nism over the whole world will ligious liberty.

change a local curse into a univer- How can we stem the tide of sal blessing! "Today," says Mr. atheism and infidelity in America A. F. Kerensky, the one-time leader and other lands? It is the testi~ of the Russian revolution, "after mony of experience and of thou- ten years of Bolshevist domination sands of educationalists, jurists Russia stands at the starting point and judges that the chief bulwark of the circle of Leninism-terror- of society and of morality is the ism and severe economic crisis. Christian religion as presented in The results are acute, unnatural, the Bible and the life of Jesus artificial economic and political Christ. The most effective way to evils, collectively expressed in dic- overcome atheistic and Bolshevist tatorship which stifles independ- propaganda therefore is to build ence." up a vital and intelligent faith in The propagandists are endeavor- Jesus Christ as the Son of God and ing to reproduce in America the Saviour of Man.

evils that mark atheistic commu- Every agency that works effec- nism in Russia. Two of the chief tively toward this end should be agencies at work are "The Anti- supported. A Christlike life, tes- Bible Society" and "The American timony, the distribution of the Association for the Advancement Bible and other Christian liter- of Atheism." These organizations ature, the adequate support of the are evidently working in close har- Church and of alI Christian agen- mony with Bolshevik agents. They cies and an insistence on Christian publish papers, tracts and other rather than agnostic or atheistic literat:ure and claim to be making instructors in our institutions of many converts among college and learning, will greatly strengthen high-school students and among the forces of righteousness and, discontented classes of society. The with the help of God, will put to Anti-Bible Society is waging war rout the enemies of truth and of against the Church and against the Godliness.

TOPIC,S OF THE TIMES

What Is Happening in China? vigorous action. The Northern troops have retreated and the "GOD moves in a mysterious fall of Peking is expected. Ef- way His wonders to per- forts to unite the two great form"-but still He moves factions of China, in face of for- eign intervention, have failed. and He manifestly performs won- Communism and anti – foreign, ders. China, with its great mass anti-Christian feeling seem to be of humanity, nearly one-fourth of on the wane, but evidences of the earth's population, is also mov- sanity and unselfish patriotism are ing in mysterious ways, but when still rare. China comes into step with God's plans then peace and righteous- Another peril faces China from ness will reign. within. Famine again menaces Shantung, and other sections, due Today China is in turmoil. The largely to the destruction of crops forces striving for self-determination, the forces working for out- by soldiers and raiding bands. side domination and the forces Christians are giving relief and moving for the recognition of thousands of starving Chinese are God's authority are clashing. The looking to foreigners for food, Southern troops, under General while others are seeking to drive Chiang Kai-Shek and General Feng these same foreigners from the Yu-Hsiang, have been driving land. Suffering may bring some back toward Peking the Northern measure of sanity into the situatroops under General Chang Tso- tion. Temporarily, most of the ling, the Manchurian ~arlord. missionaries have been withdrawn The province of Shantung IS over- from the areas where fighting i run by Cantonese troops, so .that most severe, but many remain at murder, pillage and other dlsor- their posts and over seventy p~r ders accompanying war are the cent of the missionary force IS order of the day. still on the field. The Chinese Christians are standing true and Without reason and against are carrying forward the work of reason, another American Presby- churches and schools and general terian missionary, Dr. Walter F. evangelism to the best of their Seymour of Tsining fu, Shantung ability. Province, has been murdered by a Cantonese soldier, as Dr. John Wil- The Chinese Christian Student, liams was murdered in Nanking a a magazine published in Boston by year ago. Japanese residents of Chinese in America, has this to Shantung have also been killed and say in a recent issue: Japanese troops have been dispatched to the scene to protect life One year ago the northward drive of and property. This means interna- the Nationalist armies from Canton up tional complications. Reason does to Hankow and down the YaI!gtze V!llnot rule in China, and the bandit ley to Shanghai and Nankmg, WIth soldiers are not under control. The sweeping influence .and new. deve!opresult of the killing of Japanese ments, seemed to indIcate the ImmedIate has been a despatch of troops. unification of the country under the Na- Strong foreign governments will tionalist rule……. Last December, the not stand idly by and see their na- uprising of Communists in Cant?n was tionals murdered without taking subdued. The downfall of Borodm, ,!-nd the violent denunciation of CommuDl~m by the Nanking Governmen~ clearly m- dicate a sign that CommuDlsm had not gained a hold on China. But this pass-

ing of the Russian influence doesn't Christ–the interior of Africa, the mean the end of its evil effect. inland highlands of Asia, and the hitherto unexplored portions of China is in acute difficulties. She has South America. But with a Protnot had a chance for self-determination estant Church membership of 190,- yet. The grip foreign nations have on 000,000, and an annual income of, China makes the situation harder. In at the least estimate, $200,000, relation to this the Nationalists at Nan- 000,000, the whole Protestant king issued a declaration: 'To abrogate Church sends to the whole foreign completely all unequal treatie3, restoring field less than 25,000 missionary to us thereby our national sovereignty workers, or one in 8,000 members! and our rightful position in the family The gifts for world evangelizations of nations…… The terror of militarism, average less than twenty-five cents the corruption of the mandarinate, the a year per member. bankruptcy of our national finance, the resulting poverty of our people, the loss Rationalism and agnosticism, of our sovereignty and the injustice suf- criticism and their natural results, fered by our nationals abroad may all be lax notions of the authority of traced to the unequal treaties.' God's Word and of Christ's Gos- pel, cut the nerve of missionary But the misfortunes of China are consecration. Even where there is due to internal causes and the Russian some enthusiasm about missions influence in China. Unless there is a as a "humanitarian enterprise," genuine Nationalist movement which is there is lacking a true devotion to to be a popular movement coming from the work as the great campaign of all parts of China identified with no one the Lord for the salvation of men party, and with a real spirit of not only and the establishment of His Kingtoleration but·of cooperation in eliminat- dom on Earth. ing the internal causes and the outside pressure, the hope of an ordered gov- World-wide Christian missions ernment is slight.

There is needed an all-China conference of all prominent Chinese factions- North, South, East and West, with adequate representation of the people, at a round table as a means of forming a constitution for all China. In the meantime the foreign nations should re-define their relations to China. Will China fight herself to a state of sheer exhaustion or take a better road toward the goal of unification?

must be saved from decline and The Missionary Situation defeat by an apostolic revival of W HILE the world is open to what may be called the seven prin- the Gospel as never before, ciples of missions: the Church is becoming 1. Absolute obedience to our Lord's more critical of missionary meth- great Commission. ods and is withholding adequate support. The missionary income 2. Honest acceptance of stewardship does not keep pace with either the in money and other talents.

3. Consecration of children to God from birth.

increased opportunity nor with the 4. Impression of missionary obligaenlarging membership and ability tion on the individual consciences. of church members. A responsive Christian life shows itself by a 5. Widespread information about the world field and its spiritual needs and the work of God in all lands.

quickened spiritual pulse. Nearly 6. Separation from unwholesome and weakening worldly contaminations. every part of the world has been thrown open to messengers of 7. Praying in the Holy Spirit for the whole field, the work and the workers. KEEPING IN TOUCH WITH THE whole number through if he begins. If he has had any doubts and difficul- ACTS OF MODERN APOSTLES ties he will have forgotten them when he finishes and will be praising God By REV. WILLIAM S. MARQUIS, D.D., for the victories of his Lord. Through Montclair, N. J. all my fifty years of ministry, when I have needed fresh enthusiasm and Emeritus Director of the Department of zeal, the reading of the REVIEW has Mobilization, General Council of the helped to kindle them. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. An Aid in Preaching- Having been a subscriber to the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD At the right hand end of my desk from its first issue in 1878, with the hung two alphabetically indexed, files exception of a very short time, other filled with sermon paper. On the pastors may be interested to know lower right hand corner of each sheet why I have b'een such a continuous was boldly printed a key-word, such reader of its pages and how it has as "Faith," "Consecration," "Witnessproved of value in my Christian life ing." Whatever I read or heard, that and work. aptly illustrated any of these topics, was indexed on these sheets. Clip- A Help to Faith- pings were pasted on the sheets and The REVIEW has fed my own faith references to books, magazines and reviews were indicated by a brief senand quickened my spiritual life. I tence, with volume and page. Thus was a Junior in Princeton Theological when I came to prepare a sermon or Seminary in 1878. We were wrestling a missionary address, these sheets with hoary "isms" of the past and furnished me with the finest kind of the new theories of Higher Criticism. facts, statistics, illustrations and quo- They often left me weary and con- tations. They were fresh from the fused. I found that the REVIEW was current of the world's life and so had a veritable modern Acts of the Apos- exceptional force. ties. Every number was filled with facts revealing the power of the Bible and its gospel message to save all kinds of sinners in all lands. Like the shining of the sun it lifted the fogs Often these facts and illustrations and sent me on my way rejoicing. were printed in our little church paper There is no better apologetic for and were circulated free through the Christianity than the simple facts of whole congregation. When any memmissionary work at home and abroad. ber of one of the missionary societies Let any pastor take up the January, needed material on any field, the pas- 1928, number of the REVIEW and read tor could furnish it from the REVIEW. some of its Jubilee articles: "Com- The Monthly Concert of Prayer for parisons of Then and Now," by Rob- Missions was not held with deadly ert E. Speer; "Turkey Fifty Years regularity on the first Wednesday eve- Ago and Now," by Charles T. Riggs; ning of each month. Sometimes it "Japan, Then and Now," by William was held on a Sunday evening or even Elliott Griffis; "The Growth of Mis- on a Sunday morning. The women, sionary Cooperation," by James L. the men, the Sunday-school, the Barton. He will want to read the Young People's Society might have 479 charge of it. While it covered all read or an interesting bit of news fields in the course of a year or two, about him was related. The object it also put on its programs the up-to- was to plant the spirit and facts of date missionary events and problems. missions in the life and program of Thus it was always a live meeting and the church. Without continually was well attended; it reached every preaching upon the subject, without class in the church. If any wished to frequent appeals for money, it was dodge these meetings they found it possible to remind the members of the difficult. The REVIEW was essential congregation that to publish the Gosto the building of these programs. It pel at home and abroad was the sufurnished a world-vision wider than preme business of the Church. any denominational publication. The young people of my church do- Spreading Enthnaiasm- nated the REVIEW and a list of new missionary books to our city library The pastor's copy of the REVIEW every year. We induced other young was often placed in the hands of some people's societies to do the same. They one who was lukewarm on the subject were welcomed cordially. Thus we of missions. Care was taken to mark built up a fine missionary alcove in our articles that were especially interest- public library. ing, informing and inspiring rather __ ~This interest in missions also kept than argumentative. What people need -alive the evangelistic spirit in the on the subject of missions is light £huTch; it united the membership in rather than l{)gic. the program, not only of our particu- hlr: church but of the whole Christian Interesting missionary news-items world and fostered a catholic spirit. were often put into the hands of young It called forth the resources of the people to copy and post on the bulletin congregation for both local support board in the vestibule of the church and for building enterprises; it where they silently did their work. nourished the spirit of cheerful giv- Turn to the' "World-Wide Outlook" ing to the benevolence boards and to department in the March REVIEW and all· Christian causes that have sprung note such items as the following: 00t of the heart of Christ in the "Methodism in Mexico," "Evangelicals Church. in Spain," "German Bibles Forbidden in the Tyrol by the Italian Govern- Helping' Othersment," "Japan's New World Outlook," "Bibles in Korean Hotels," "Russia to The REVIEW has also proved indis- Try Buddhism." Is it not certain that pensable to my work as a chairman of such items would attract many read- the denominational committees on ers? mISSIons. For more than a quarter of a century I served in these posi- Sometimes the pastor would take tions. To do this work intelligently two of the young people into the pul- and effectively required wide acquaintpit with him and ask them to relate ance with the progress and the leaders these interesting news-items; then an of the mission enterprise. This the elder or one of the missionary women REVIEW gave me. When it came to the would be called on to lead in prayer. wider work of a promotional secre- After this the service went forward tary and organizer, the REVIEW bewithout reference to missions. came my travelling campanion. One always has an abundance of facts, sta- Sometimes a large photograph of a tistics, illustrations, practical methprominent home or foreign mission- ods of work at hand if he has one or ary was put in a frame, kept for the two copies of the REVIEW beside him. purpose, and was set on an easel on Three suggestive departments, "Meththe platform beside the pulpit or near ods for Workers," The Women's the superintendent's desk in the Sun- Home and Foreign Bulletins, and day-school. This missionary was introduced and a letter from him was

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"Books Worth Reading," furnish a A UNIQUE PROGRAM pastor monthly with the newest and best working material from all denom· By MRS. EDWARD JORDAN, inations and many lands. Lancaster, Pa. If a pastor will keep mission literature circulating in his congregation The federated churches of Lanand community, he can develop many caster, Pennsylvania, on February missionary leaders both clerical an 24th, observed the annual "World Day lay. Especially should older pastors of Prayer." Women from various help young pastors in this way. It is churches had charge of the morning not good Christian stewardship to let sessions, and in the afternoon a unique inspiring books lie imprisoned on the sketch was presented by a group of shelf, when, if sent forth with a good five women. Each character imperword and a prayer, they have the sonated a different country. The power to enlist others in the Master's whole program was based on the conwork. tents of the Jubilee numbers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, a The Presbytery of Rock River, m., conception originated by the president of the Federation, Mrs. P. Geo. Sieger. was once persuaded to put all the churches in two divisions, A and B, A LIVING REVIEW OF THE REVIEW and a minister and layman in division A was a,ssigned to give mission- A huge facsimile cover of the Janary addresses in a designated church uary number was made of board on in division B on a certain date. The which was painted the Table of Connext week the ministers and laymen tents. The president gave a brief from division B visited division A. synopsis and then China, attired in Thus within about two weeks every native costume stepped forth from the church in the presbytery had a spe- pages of the REVIEW. She presented cial address on foreign missions, and impressively the problems, the early every minister and one of his laymen religious activities, customs and methmade an address. One pastor, who ods of industry in past years as comhad been in the ministry many years, pared with the present day. She reconfessed to me that he had never tired and forth came India clad in preached a missionary sermon, and native dress. She told of the ancient had no missionary books or literature. religions and compared the past with He came and asked me to help him the present day. She was followed by out. As a result he prepared a good Turkey, impersonating a Moslem wommissionary sermon and became so en- an, who described the situation, then thusiastic over this fresh field that he and now, in public instruction, health kept up speaking on missions until and in religious ideas. Africa in very his people wondered what had awak- simple dress and cap, next presented ened him. Other pastors who have her problems, past and present. She never given mIssIonary messages told of Livingstone and Stanley, of would have a similar experience if early methods of transportation, labor they would enter this field where God and government; she stressed the is revealing the miracles of His grace. Missionary work is a Jiving issue.

It would be a great blessing if some benevolent friend of missions would donate the REVIEW to every senior in our theological seminaries as they are about to be graduated. It would help to make many missionary-minded pastors and so would help to extend the Kingdom of God.

S

need for prayer for our sisters in feet was inspirational, educational and Africa and ended by reciting the in- enjoyable. The time spent' in prayer spiring poem, "Out of the Night," by and preparation of the entire program Ella Wheeler Wilcox. was worth while. All the material used by the impersonators was taken Once more the pages of the huge from the Jubilee Numbers of the REbook opened and "America," dressed VIEW. in the fashion of half a centry ago, hooped skirts, tiny bonnet and lace OLD TESTAMENT MISSIONARY shawl, came forth as the last and youngest country of the group. She TEXTS told her story of hardships in the sixties and seventies, due to dimin- "All nations whom Thou hast made ished salaries and the religious con- shall come and worship before Thee, 0 Lord; and they shall glorify Thy name." .

MISSIONAR.Y "Look unto me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth; .for I am God, lEW lfeWORLD and there is none else. By myself have J sworn, the word is gone forth from my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, that unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear."

"Behold darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples; but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and His glory shall be seen upon thee. And nations shall come to Thy light, and kings to .the brightness of Thy rising."

M~S tAIIPA WILSON "From the rising of the sun to the going down of the same my name shall FIFTY YEARStiCHU~H fiiMTH be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered "'''' EDWAPD JORDAN unto my name and a pure offering; for my name shall be great .among ·the Gentiles."

"For the earth shall be ·filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters 'cover the sea:"

THE FACSIMILE COVER troversies following the Civil War. AFRICAN PROVERBS . She recalled some of the leaders of that day and then described the ad- "He weeps with one eye," meaning: vent of a new interdenominational He is insincere. periodical, THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, meeting a real need "You kindle a fire and leave it," that and standing for high ideals, hoping is to say: You are a talebearer. to double the Christian giving, praying, going and working in the name "Water never tires of running." Said of folk who talk too much. of Christ. A quartette sang "The Peace Hymn *** of the World," the audience joining For those who stay, dear Lord, we ask in the chorus. During the presenta- The vision that exalts the task. ' tion, native music of various lands May toiling Marthas find it sweet was played softly on a harp. The ef- To sit with Mary at Thy feet. ., Thy will be done on earth we pray By those who go, and those who stay.

~Selected .

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOlTRTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON THE ing year on Africa. Miss Mackenzie's UNITED STUDY OF FOREIGN chapter outlines are as follows: MISSIONS Chapter I. The New Fact of Africa. Chapter II. A Human Problem. FRIENDS OF AFRICA Chapter III. The Friend as Doctor. Chapter IV. The Friend as Teacher. By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, Chairman Chapter V. The Friend in Exile. Chapter VI. Henceforth Friends. Orders are coming rapidly for our new study books on Africa. The outlines of the book are very clear and usable, but in addition we We do not need to advertise Jean shall issue "How to Use" by Miss Ger- Kenyon Mackenzie. She has a na- trude Schultz, which will give very tional and international reputation as practical suggestions and programs authority on Africa, while her literary for those who plan to adapt the book charm has given her access to the to the regular missionary meeting. great magazines of our country. We are especially fortunate in having our Miss Mackenzie's book should be in textbook for women and girls this every public library and be reviewed year by Miss Mackenzie. She has in as many of the newspapers as posbroadened her field. Her former sible. You can render great assistance book, "An African Trail," carried us to Africa through the sale of this to her own mission field under the book if you will send your review to Presbyterian Church in the Cameroon. your local paper. Today we are facing a new Africa and Miss Mackenzie has not only given her FRIENDS OF AFRICA own careful study and experience with By JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE her magic touch, but has secured material from outstanding leaders both Published by the Central Committee on in England and America. Among the United Study of Foreign Missions these are J. H. Oldham, author of Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass. many textbooks in Great Britain, who 260 pages; 24 fuIl-page illustrations has written a brief Introduction for Price, paper covers, 50 cents; each chapter, touching on the main cloth covers, 75 cents. points of Miss Mackenzie's outline. A most valuable and exciting chapter is HOW TO USE written by Mrs. Donald Fraser. Dr. By GERTRUDE SCHULTZ and Mrs. Fraser, who have given their lives to medical missionary work in Price, 15 cents. Africa, are the outstanding leaders today. We are to welcome them this The Junior Book CAMP FIRES IN THE CONGO By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER summer at Northfield and Chautauqua Chapter I. Old Camp Fires and New. and shall hear from both of them on the material in Miss Mackenzie's book. Chapter II. Fresh Camp Fires Every Dr. Frazer's own book is an extremely valuable reference book for "Friends Night. Chapter III. Steamers and Crocoof Africa," the title of Miss Mackenzie's book. dLieleasr;ninRga. ilways and Zebras; Lions and Chapter IV. Thrilling Experiences Throughout the country our wom- and Wonderful Sights. en's missionary societies and mission study groups will specialize this com- Chapter V. Romantic Rhodesia, the Land of King Solomon's Mines.

Chapter VI. Around the Congo Camp Fires Again.

483

The chapter headings indicate doctor, no help until kind David Livsomething of the vivid and picturesque ingstone came as a missionary. There nature of this book. It should be are eight chapters simple enough for studied not only by the boys and girls any child to read. The chapter titles in our Junior Societies but might well be taken by Sunday-school classes. A are: Saturday afternoon around a camp fire would repay any leader or teacher Chapter I. David on the Hills. in the increased knowledge and inter- Chapter II. Susi in the Forest. est on the part of boys and girls who Chapter III. David at School. must meet the whole African problem Chapter IV. Susi Hunts Elephants. later. The long experience of Dr. and Chapter V. David Becomes a Doctor. Mrs. Springer in many varieties of Chapter VI. Susi Asks Questions. work in Africa gives a remarkable Chapter VII. Gold and Diamonds. background. We can see the camp Chapter VIII. The Rest of the Story. fires and the boys and girls around Chapter IX. The Christmas Tree. them, eager boys and girls seeking education, longing for knowledge and The last chapter is a little play for so easily reached with the message of four children which five-year-old Jesus through such missionaries as youngsters could put on with great Dr. and Mrs. Springer. Suggestions dramatic effect. It is entitled, "So for Junior leaders will be provided. This Is Africa," and depicts David and Susi, the African nurse, Anna, CAMP FIRES IN THE CONGO and the teacher. It i~ surprising to By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER see the quickness with which children catch the dramatic idea and carry out 144 pages; 24 full-page illustrations the plan. It is really a good game and Capital Outlines impresses the points on their minds.

Price, paper covers, 50 cents; Price, heavy leatherette paper covers cloth covers, 75 cents. printed in color, 25 cents.

SUGGESTIONS FOR JUNIOR LEADERS It makes a gift for little children, serves as a good birthday or Christ- Price, 15 cents. mas present in Primary classes or a Christmas card for some child in a E17eryland Children Series home where perhaps such literature is not often found. The deep-lying DAVID AND SUSI-BLACK motive of the book is against race AND WHITE prejudice and for international friend- ship. This, however, is put in the By Lucy W. PEABODY form which the youngest child ean unconsciously take in and enjoy. Race This is the third little book in the prejudice is an acquired prejudice, it Everyland Series for Very Little Chil- does not exist among little children. dren, ages 4-7, which provides material for the Primary Class, the In addition to these study books younger ones in the Junior group, and which are ready and will be taught in for home reading. Sixty pages, with our Summer Schools and used in our pictures on every page, and delightful Women's Societies this coming year, colored decorations by Marjorie Wood- we hope later to present a series of bury Smith. studies on International Peace which is in preparation by Mrs. Carrie Chap- This little book is a story told most man Catt. We shall hope to give an simply of David Livingstone and his announcement of this book which will black friend, Susi, out in the African be featured at some of the Summer forest. It begins with little David in School forums. his Scottish home in the hills. It carries him along through his education, Those who are interested in the out on a great ship to Africa, where translations of our study book of last he meets Susi. This little black boy year, A Straight Way Toward Toborn in the forest had no school, no morrow, may secure a copy of the Chinese or Japanese version by send-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

ing to our headquarters, Box 4, North missionary societies. United study of Cambridge, Mass., with a check for foreign missions, which began in 1900, fifty cents each. It is a continued joy led, naturally, to the organization of to realize that at last Christian wom- schools for training leaders who en around the world have united study should be fitted to teach the textbooks.

and are sharing this most profitable We began at Northfield in 1903, and book by Mrs. Frederick G. Platt. that first Summer School will celebrate Those who have not taken the book its 25th anniversary at Northfield. All for study this year have lost a great the early members are urged to come opportunity and should immediately back on this occasion. There will be add to their libraries a copy of the an appropriate anniversary program.

book which presents much material Great attractions are offered. We not found elsewhere, and in the or- shall have as leaders of our classes in derly, finely arranged way for which the study of Africa, not only our Mrs. Platt is famous. Price, 50 cents Helen Barrett Montgomery, Gertrude paper covers, 75 cents cloth covers. Schultz and others, but we shall wel- come Dr. and Mrs. Donald Fraser of Important Announcements Africa. Dr. Fraser will teach the Already questions are coming re- Bible Class in the auditorium, and will garding the study books which will comment on the book during the week.

follow this year. His own book will be taught in one of Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery is the study classes. Mrs. Fraser will writing our book, "From Jerusalem to also be the guest at Northfield, arid Jerusalem," which will go to press in will be especially interesting as she the early fall. It will be a unique com- has written the second chapter of our bination of early history beginning book-"Friends of Africa." There will with the apostolic period coming down be all the usual attractions, camps to the present conference held in Jeru- for girls under the denominational salem. No one could be better quali- leaders; the Round Top services, with fied to write this book than Mrs. Mont- their deep spiritual messages; a class gomery. by Miss Conde, so helpful to young The Junior book, which will tell our women; a forum under the general children how the Gospel came to us, direction of Mrs. Katharine Willard is being prepared by Margaret Apple- Eddy, Miss Schultz and Mrs. Peabody.

garth. In these days of emphasis on The little children will have an out- the opinions of youth it might be well of-door study class which will be a for all of us to recapitulate and inform normal method for showing Primary ourselves anew of the great triumphs teachers and Junior leaders how to of missions which began in the Acts help children to love missions. Mar- of the Apostles and have continued garet Applegarth will be present with through all the centuries to the pres- her genius for interesting girls.

ent day. Our young people can hardly There are many other attractions, and plan for the future unless they have everybody is cordially invited to come some clear knowledge and study of the to the birthday party. Some will bring past, and perhaps some of our older their old-fashioned costumes showing leaders need also to refresh their just how we looked twenty-five years memories on methods and victories at- ago.

tained through those methods. *** *** Courage, as well as conscience, is The Northfield Summer School of needed for the making of an idealist.

Foreign Missions will be held at East No other test of character-not even Northfield, July 13-22. It is a great the sudden rush of a mighty and un- occasion, being the 25th anniversary €xpected temptation-is so great as of the organization of the first Sum- the subtle and insidious inducements mer School of Missions for women's to lower one's standards.-W. T. Ellis. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK Last month u sli ort account of the Mission- November. At a called meeting of ary Union in Carthage, Ill., that was formed the Union, during the same spring, forty-eight yeaTs ago, appeared in the Bulletin. the first constitution was adopted.

T his mon th a thirty-year-old is 011 the air. The Union has continued active ever since, with growing interest and Vho will hroo.dCLl st her age n ex t'? The ed itor influence. An annual meeting has been would welcome a short account of formation, held every year for the past thirty ('arly work 811(1 present SCOP(~ of nc tivities of ally women's iutHdenominationa l group–local, county or state- twenty years of uge 0[" uhlcr- t he oItler, tlH~ ucttcr.

THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY FED- years, well attended, full of interest ERATION IN ST. LOUIS and instruction with one exception. In 1918 all public gatherings were pro- Over thirty years ago, in October, hibited on account of the influenza epidemic. The objects are: 1897, several . St. Louis women at- sio(n1a)ryTowoenrklarcgaerroieudr konnowbyledaglle tohfemdies– tended a general missionary conven- nominations in the Federation. t I·on at Sprm. gfield, Ill" and th ere mOlS, heard an address on the Missionary Social Union idea. This so deeply im- (2) To enkindle greater interest and pressed them that they had a talk enthusiasm by mutual conference of ofwith Mrs. Catherine Lindsay, who is ficers and representatives regarding suc- cessful plans and methods for the conreally the mother of the organized ef- duct and improvement of our separate fort. A goodly number of women, societies.

representing ten of the evangelical (3) To secure concerted action in matchurches, met on February 24, 1898, ters of Common interest, and cooperation and the union was effected. Officers in movements for the moral and social for the ensuing year were elected and betterment of the people. (4) To stimulate a spiri t of systemat- the time of the annual meeting was ic and liberal giving for the support of set for Thursday, the second week of missions.

486 (5) To promote mutual sympathy, and beautifully furnished parlor for united prayer and effort for the exten- our monthly board meetings, other sion of the one Kingdom of our Lord, rooms for committee meetings and Jesus Christ. help and inspiration from the officers and co-workers of the Church Federa- In January, 1898, the Day of Prayer tion. was held in the chapel of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and time on Some years ago the women of Amerthe program was graciously granted ica united in one big effort to raise for a brief explanation of Social Union enough money to establish colleges in principles and for a plea for this union the Orient-to train native folk as among the St. Louis societies. The leaders. Fifty thousand dollars was Christian women of the city had for Missouri's quota; divided between a number Qf years held a union Day Kansas City and St. Louis and their of Prayer on the Thursday of the annual week of prayer; but there had been no permanent organization.

January, 1903 the annual Day of Prayer lapsed, and the Missionary Union then adopted it as their special charge, thus making two public meet- ings each year. On January 2, 1919, a combined annual meeting, Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving service was held. The Federation has continued to observe an annual Day of Prayer.

It has been our custom heretofore to send our Day of Prayer contributiGlls to the Daily Vacation Bible Schools.

This year one half went to the Bible schools, one fourth to the Council of Women for Home Missions and one fourth to the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions.

In November, 1915, the name was changed from "Woman's Missionary Social Union" to "Woman's Mission- MRS. JOHN MATTHEWS, FIRST ary Federation." The home of the PRESIDENT president in office was the address to which all mail for the Federation was adjoining districts. St. Louis raised forwarded. Any church or assembly about $12,000.

hall that would open its doors and give The most important feature of our us a corner wherein to hold the regu- program at the present time, and one lar monthly meeting of the Executive in which we have participated for the Board and Board of Directors, was past eight years, in cooperation with accepted with gratitude. Later the the Chicago Tract Society, is the sup- monthly meetings were held in the port of the missionary in charge of Mission Study Room of the Y. W. C. A. the Near East Mission of St. Louis, At the annual meeting, November, which carries on among the Slavic 1919, it was voted to affiliate with the groups, Armenians, Greeks and Al- Church Federation. This affiliation banians. The Federation pays one has proved a blessing to the Woman's hundred dollars toward his salary Missionary Federation in many ways. every month. The purpose of this Today-1928-headquarters are Met- mission is to help these foreign-speak- ropolitan Church Federation rooms, ing peoples to adjust themselves to Y. M. C. A. Building. We have a large the new environments, to aid in solv-

ing their economic problems, to elevate the yearly every-member canvass by them socially, intellectually and mor- the members of the Larger Parish aL ally-in other words, to help them be- each prefers and indicates. come good American citizens. The work of the Oxford County By participating in the Woman's Larger Parish (of Maine), with which National Exposition held in St. Louis, I am associated, is unified in the fol- 1926 and 1927 we received scholar- lowing fundamentals in which all ships which enabled us to assist a Christians agree. The sick are visitstudent in entering and carrying on ed in the name of Christ. They are his course of education in the Inter- healed by medical, clinical and hospital denominational School of the Ozarks, care, and by the healing power of t at Hollister, Missouri. greatest of all physicians, Jesus Christ. The lonely on isolated farms, In November, 1927, the Dayton miles from nowhere, are visited in the Westminster Choir gave a concert name of Christ, and God and Jesus under the auspices of the Woman's Christ are left as their constant com Missionary Federation. Our part of panions, whose strength can relieve the proceeds furnished funds for one loneliness, and whose love never failyear's salary of a missionary worker eth. The sinful are confronted with in the City Hospital. Jesus Christ and His power to cleanse, relieve, and fortify. Lives are reborn This Union is affiliated with the and remade, because Jesus is seen and Council and Federation giving us a chosen as their Redeemer and their Guide. The sorrowing are comforted world-wide vision.* by the living Christ with His message of eternal life and of immortal love, On February 24, 1923, we celebrated 01J' these fundamentals the Oxford our Twenty-fifth Birthday at the County Larger Parish is founded, as Gatesworth Hotel with a capacity a work of the living Christ. crowd. An Historical Sketch was written by one of the charter members The ministers of this Larger Parand the characters were, as far as pos- ish see sacred and holy meaning in all sible, taken by charter members. On baptisms. Recognizing various depths February 24, 1928, we observed the of water in baptismal services, they Day of Prayer and commemoration of demand together this one thing-that our Thirtieth Birthday at an Anniver- the life of every church member be sary Luncheon at the Coronado Hotel opened through the cleansing symbol attended by 500 women. ism of water, to the living spirit of Almighty God; and that Heaven, not WHAT IS THE LARGER PARISH? the water which God made, opens for him as he hears God's voice saying, By MRS. HILDA L. IVES "This is my Beloved Son in whom I am well pleased." This Larger Parish The Larger Parish is a combination sees holy meaning in every detail of of several small rural churches of vari- Christ's birth, but agrees to accentuous denominations into a unified ate the fact that Jesus' birth means Church of the Living Christ. In it, rebirth for every human life. The theological differences and varying in- Larger Parish is teaching through its terpretations of the gospels are clear- Sunday-schools and Church Vacation ly recognized as existing in the minds Schools that Jesus, :first of all, is Life, of the members, though not enshrined and Life abundantly; Jesus is the in their hearts. Such differences are Righteousness of Life, the Kindness recognized, not ignored. So denom- of Life, the Tenderness and Forgiveinational conferences are regularly ness of Life, the Enduring Strength attended by proper delegates from the of Life, the Love and Power of all Larger Parish; denominational mis- boys and girls. It is proven, that when sion fields are chosen at the time of • Abridged and adopted from "The Church at Work" and a press article.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

first things are put first, theological with the Larger Parish Council, givdiscussions diminish, so challenging ing invaluable advice, guidance and are the works of Christ and the life inspiration. of prayer. Sincere prayer and adoration of God and Christ, and not the- The Church Federation of Portland, ological creeds, are recognized as the the largest and most influential in the transmission wires of God's power. state, has a rural department, which Love, not ritual, is recognized as the has interdenominational committees to solvent of difficulties, and tolerance of cooperate with this rural parish. A spirit is recognized as the road to fur- hospital committee stands ready, at all ther wisdom, and to further revelation times, to send automobiles to farms to from God as to just what the unified bring the sick to the Portland hos- Church of Christ must be. All minds pitals; to provide free beds when it do not accept the same guideposts on is necessary; to visit the patients; the road to Christ. If each disciple and to send word to the Larger Parish comes into the presence of Christ and when the time comes for their return finds Him, then the road on which that home. A Young People's Committee disciple travelled is sacred ground. So provides for an interchange of young the sacramental communion service is people's plays, pageants and services the strength and power of a united between the Larger Parish and Portchurch where all meet, pray, are land churches. A committee on marcleansed of sin, and receive the life, keting of farm products is composed the love and the power of God through of Christian wholesale and retail deal- Jesus Christ our Lord. For it is a ers. They facilitate the rural minisservice in which personal interpreta- ters in assisting the poor farmers, who tion of Christ cannot be offered. In have a small surplus of farm products, His real presence, assumption of to gain an idea of cooperative marketknowledge above other Christians is ing by sending together an occasional unthinkable; and persistent insistence on creeds and doctrine is impossible ir truck load of produce to the Portland the light of His matchless personality markets. This committee thus does a and glowing love. Christian, though really not a finan- cially profitable service. There is a The Larger Parish can succeed only committee for sending music or speakwhen its ministers are interdenominationally minded, and when the state ers to special services in the rural denominational secretaries represented communities, and for notifying the in the United Parish are cooperative in action and interdenominational in Parish of Training Schools of Relispirit. Only so, can a Larger Parise gious Education, interesting events prove its spiritual power. This is and conferences. proven in Maine in the Oxford County Larger Parish. Seven small tOWJ1~ Economic pressure is forcing a spirhave united into a Larger Parish. A itual unity in rural districts. Thus trained ministry, a staff of three men, spiritual unity springing from the serve all seven communities as one same setting as that in which the church area. They receive salaries of greatest spiritual unifier lived, will $2,500, $1,800 and $1,800 respectively. flow into the life of our city churches. Universalist, Congregational and It is happening now. How fast it will Methodist denominations are included come, no one can tell. I see the rural in this unified program. The Meth- Larger Parish as God's holiest laboraodist District, the Congregational tory, from which He will reveal to the State Conference, and the Universalist "VorId the spiritual power of Christ State Convention are all contributing not yet apprehended by our diversified, to the work, and denominational Con- denominational groups of Christians. ference Leaders are actively working The best name*by*wh"ich we can think of God is Father. It is a loving, deep, sweet, heart-touching name, for the name of father is in its nature full of inborn sweetness and comfort.

ORlD=WlDf

AFRICA equipped in faith. It was one of the Medical Cooperation in Africa unique enterprises in mission history.

TWO important proposals for carry- They rejoiced, when they heard that ing on medical work in Africa their ship had reached Madagascar, more effectively were adopted by the but how disappointed they were, when Conference on Medical Missions held word reached them that all doors into in April under the auspices of the For- Abyssinia were closed to the missioneign Missions Conference of North aries! God had other work in store America. One was that an interna- for them and the answer to the prayer tional advisory medical board be estab- of faith was that the Hermannsburg lished for the development of medical people were to turn to South Africa. missionary work in all of Africa, for It i.s now 63 years since Louis Harms the fostering of cooperation between was called to his heavenly reward and missions and governments in their at- in these years his followers have been tack upon Africa's great scourges such instrumental in gathering more than as the sleeping sickness, and for the 100,000 souls into the Kingdom. Now development of public health work. has come a new turn! The doors that The Foreign Missions Conference was were closed have been opened and toasked to take this matter up with mis- ward the close of the last year, the sion groups in other countries, with a Hermannsburg Mission was able to view to the development of this send out its first missionaries to Abys- African board at an early date. The sinia.

other proposal favored the establish- A Jungle School of the Prophet. ment of "at least one medical school even on a modest scale rather than UNDER this title Rev. Melvin waiting for a large commitment." It Fraser describes the theological and Bible training school at Lolodorf, was pointed out that there are no- West Africa, of which he is president. where in Africa adequate school facili- ties for the training of natives as phy- He says: "Our nine theological stu- sicians and only a few for the training dents in the 'school of the prophets,' if of native nurses, while there is an they turn out like most of their stu- appalling and pressing need for both dent predecessors, will fill large places doctors and nurses. with their crying in the African wil- Doors Opened in Abyssinia derness. Each one will prophesy ac- cording to the grace given unto him, I N 1853 that saint of God, Louis and by his good works and godly life Harms in Hermannsburg, sent out suggest that he has come to the Kingthe first missionaries whom he had dom for such a time as this. These filled with the missionary spirit. His nine young men, all of them married great hope was to preach the Gospel and having children, represent nine in the land of the Ethiopian Eunuch. different tribes. Less than thirty Students of missions know of the years ago when tribal feuds and fight- great enterprise of prayer that was ing were as familiar as meat and thus launched and how the hope and drfnk, and a lot more familiar than faith of those simple Christians of clothes, they could have met only with the Luneburg Heath followed the ship spears and guns; while today, in Candace which they had built and amused triumph over the idea that 490

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their fathers and mothers could ever AlIlerican University at Cairo have hated each other, they sit to- T HE ancient land of Egypt and the gether in brotherly love, in the spirit new land of America joined on of the Man of Nazareth, perceptibly April 11th in celebrating the dedicagrowing day by day." tion of Ewart Memorial Hall, the first Confuting the Witeh Doctor new building to be added to the old buildings in which the American Uni- THE native trained in medical work versity at Cairo is being conducted. is becoming a main factor in bring- Speakers at the dedication ceremonies, ing about the new day in Africa, including Egyptian leaders of national states The Missionary Herald, an thought, characterized the American English Baptist monthly. It says institution as one of the great forces further: M. Louis Franck's humorous to shape the Egypt of the future. A description of the native medical as- brilliant assemblage, headed by the sistant confronting the witch doctor representative of King Fuad, and incould be echoed by every missionary. cluding members of the royal Cabinet, "Standing before the witch doctor he ministers and members of the says to that ancient charlatan-'You Egyptian Parliament, representatives are an ass; and then proceeds to prove of the British High Commissioner in it. 'Look,' says he, 'through the lens Egypt, and prominent Americans atof my microscope at the minute crea- tended the ceremonies, which were ture shown there. This is the cause held in the auditorium of the new of disease, not the entrance of an evil building. Nearly 350 Egyptian boys spirit. You know nothing at all about and young men are now enrolled in it. I am the one who knows.' Hence the American College of Arts and the end of the witch doctor's in- Sciences, and a majority come from fluence." the leading families of Egypt. The Bible Teaching in the Sudan University's courses leading to a bac- calaureate degree require eight years' MRS. D. S. OYLER, of the United work, and as it was opened in 1920 its Presbyterian Mission at Doleib first Bachelor of Arts and Sciences Hill in the Sudan, who is now on fur- degrees wiJI be awarded at the Comlough, writes of some aspects of the mencement in June. religious education which is being given by that mission: "The kindergarten in the girls' boarding school at Fa.ithful Congo Christians R Khartoum North is the only kinder- EV. L. A. McMURRAY, of the Southern Presbyterian Church, garten in a country as large as the United States east of the Mississippi. writes from Luebo in the Belgian It has been in operation for only four Congo of a recent trip through the years, but its influence is already be- forest: "One village had not been ing felt in the northern part of the visited by a missionary for eight land of the blacks. In all our mission years, yet the Christians had main- schools in the Sudan it is understood tained a church shed, an evangelist, that a child shall receive a Bible lesson their meetings, a school, and a spirit a day, in addition to secular instruc- that was remarkable. In one place we tion. Who can estimate the fruit baptized a man, his wife, and their which has been brought forth by this little child, all in the same service, and patient, daily teaching of the Word? the evangelist there testified as to Every Sabbath either before or after their perseverance in spite of opposi- the regular preaching services, men tion and ostracism. In another village and boys, women and girls, are taught a middle-aged man had walked for a Bible -lesson, and are encouraged to miles to meet us, and to renounce his go out and teach that lesson to some- medicine. In another a man was rais- one else." ing his two little daughters by him-

self, his wife having recently died, go- the latinized alphabet will be com- ing with them to school, learning with pulsory in Turkey.

them, both the things of the mind and The chief argument in favor of the the things of the heart. This is the change is the difficulty in learning and sort of experience that restores our writing the Arabic characters, a diffi- faith in our fellowmen and in God's culty in a large degree responsible for purpose for them." the illiteracy in Turkey. The Arabic alphabet has 32 characters but modi- The Mary Slessor Jlospital fications of these increase the actual T HE United Free Church of Scot- total to 96, whereas the Roman alpha- land Mission at Itu, Nigeria, has bet has only 26 characters, always recently dedicated a new building for written the same. The reform is the hospital begun in 1906 and named strongly . advocated in educational for Mary Slessor who opened 1tu as circles since children can learn the a mission station in 1903. During Roman alphabet from four to ten 1927, 30,000 new patients received times faster than the Turkish. Pub- lishers and businessmen also desire to treatment. These come from a wide change on account of the greater stretch of country, traveling anything facility in setting type and in the use from one to eight days' journey to of the typewriter. reach the hospital. About three years ago, the work of twin rescue and child The movement for the adoption of welfare was begun. During that time this Roman alphabet in Turkey began fifty twins and motherless babies have twenty years ago when the young been saved. About a year ago an Turks came into power. Opposition effort was begun to help a few lepers has been strong on the grounds of by treating them with the new ex- tradition and patriotism, and in the interests of art and religion. The tracts. More and more came each Arabic alphabet lends itself to very week, until now there are over eight beautiful calligraphy and has been hundred on the roll. A colony has used largely for decorative purposes been established in the vicinity of the in manuscripts, mosques, and other hospital where the majority of these designs. It has been against the law, have erected huts for themselves. The until recently, to translate the Koran results have been very encouraging. from Arabic, the "Language of The new hospital is built of cement Heaven," into any of the "infidel" blocks, and contains sixty beds. There tongues. Turkey is the first country is a large and splendidly I'lquipped to decree a substitution of the Roman operating theater. alphabet for national characters. Th-e TJIE NEAR EAST reform will involve a change in the habit of reading, the Arabic being A New Turkish Alphabet read from right to left and Romanized words from left to right. Arabic and THE Angora Government has again Turkish books also begin at the op- shown a desire to modernize Tur- posite end of the volume from that key by passing a law calling for the used in other European literature. substitution of the Roman alphabet to replace Arabic characters. A new dictionary is to be prepared and the One Physieian's Reputation A nation is to be instructed in the char-FELLOW missionary writes of Ellis H. Hudson, M.D., who is at acters now used throughout most of the Anglo-Saxon and Latin nations of work at Deir-ez-Zore, near Aleppo, the world. Newspapers will be printed Syria: "His reputation in and around partly in Arabic characters and partly Deir is that of telling the truth-if in Roman characters and the hitter the Doctor says so and so about a per- will be used in all official documents. son's recovery that is what invariably At the end of fifteen years the use of happens. This has so impressed the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

people that they are desirous to hear daily, five days a week, using the new what he has to say about his religion. school building. We limited the mem- They are not at all adverse to hearing bership to Moslem boys who had never about Christ, for is He not one of been in any school whatever, as we their prophets? The younger men, wished to benefit the entirely unespecially, who come to the Doctor's privileged class. Fifty boys were enhome, are keen to know about the rolled and most of them came for a West and what it has to offer. Their good proportion of the time. The own religion does not satisfy them. average attendance was twenty, but They know there are many good the absentees were never the same things in the West, and they want to from day to day." The program inknow more about the religion of cluded health talks, singing, gymnas- Christ that makes one tell the truth tics, games, and handwork, beside a and deal honestly with one's fellow- daily Bible story, two weeks from the man in his business as well as in his Old Testament and two weeks from the social life; that elevates the position life of Christ. This period often inof women; that makes for a more cluded dramatization, and the children abundant life." of Israel crossing the Red Sea, the Good Samaritan, the Lost Sheep, and A Remarkable Persian Woman David and Goliath, were acted out with great spirit and enthusiasm and vivid REV. WALT~R A. GROVES writes local color." from Teheran: "We know of one woman who manages the very large estate of her husband, a prince of the Christian Books in Iraq royal family that was. The common REV. PAUL ERDMAN writes from report is that if the wife did not take the Beirut Mission Press: "The care of the property it would not last opportunity comes from time to time to long in the hands of the husband. This get useful books into the hands of inwoman oversees workmen, attends to dividuals. One such opportunity was financial matters, has even been known during the visit of the private secreto go down a deep well by rope, hand tary of King Feisal of Iraq, who over hand, to see that the men at the brought his wife to the Hamlin bottom were not 'soldiering' on the job, Memorial Sanatorium for treatment. and all this still wearing the long black With him was a prominent sheikh of chuddar, which must never be removed Bagdad, whose son is now in the in the presence of men who are not of Beirut University. To each of these the immediate family. She has ideas men was given a copy of Dr. Ford's of her own, and one of them has been 'Light of the World,' reprinted in encarried out in the education of her six larged form this year, and one of sons. Each one of them has taken his 'Repentance,' which is a chapter from college education in a different a book by the famous Moslem mystic European country, an idea in 'inter- El Ghazali, with Bible verses on renationalism' to which some of us pentance as marginal notes. Mr. Wilmight aspire." loughby of Mosul wrote recently of 'Nur al A lam' (Dr. Ford's 'Light of First D. V. B. S. in Arabia the World'): A DAILY vacation Bible School held "'Tell the Director of Distribution in Basrah for a month reached a that "Nur al Alam"is selling well. I class of children hitherto unreached price it at one anna, which is a slight by any type of work, and is described loss, and it goes rapidly. Mo.st of the by Mrs. John Van Ess as "a joint people who get hold of it consider that educational and evangelistic enter- it is the work of the automobile manuprise." She writes further of it: "It facturer Ford, and that its cheapness was conducted for two and a half hours is a form of his philanthropy.' ..

INDIA AND BURMA There is growing up now a strong body How the Conscience Clause Works of intelligent and articulate public opin- ion among Indian women . . . It is a I N THE Presbyterian high school for happy circumstance that the address of boys at Dehra Dun in the Punjab, Lady Irwin with which the Conference "a dozen Indian Christian men and one opened was not a mere ceremonial speech American missionary," writes the mis- but a fine analysis of the problems consionary in question, Rev. M. R. Ahrens, nected with the education of women in "are striving daily to present Jesus India. Her statement that the further- Christ to 558 boys ranging in age from ance of education "means nothing less eight to twenty, in order that He may than an attempt to build the city of God become their personal Saviour. It is in the homes of this country" cannot be my privilege to have just seventy bettered. She sees the difficulties which young men in my Bible class, and it is are enormous, but she trusts, and quite noteworthy that they show a much rightly too, to the patience and courage, characteristic of womanhood to conquer them.

keener interest in their Bible study By-Products 01 Christianity B than in English or mathematics… For ISHOP FREDERICK B. FISHER of the Methodist Episcopal the fourth year we are working under the so-called Conscience Clause, Church, stated in a recent address which was expected to affect the volun- that it is often said that various In- tary attendance upon the Bible study dian Samajis are in many ways half- and prayers in the school; but we find way houses toward the ultimate goal.

that the pupils and their guardians He continued: "These societies, have absolutely no conscientious whether they are ends in themselves scruples against attendance upon our or merely half-way houses toward the religious exercises. The Bible is being greater ultimate end, are a proof that taught within the regular school hours, there has been through the years a and not a single boy nor his guardian series of definite turnings toward has ever so much as raised the ques- Christ. Meantime, Hindus and Mos- tion as to whether he might be ex- lems have gradually and partially cused from attendance." Christianized their religions. The Seva Movement of the Ramkrishna Indian Women in Conference Mission is certainly borrowed from STRIKING success is reported to Christianity. Certain of the mission- have marked the All-India Wom- ary methods and ideals of the Arya. en's Conference on Educational Re- Samaj have likewise been so obtained. form, held at Delhi in February, and Many of the ideals of the Brahmo attended by about two thousand wom- Samaj are Christian in their origin en. The wife of the Viceroy, Lady and application."

Irwin, who opened the Conference, the Outcaste Christia.n's Honesty Begum of Bhopal as its President and Mrs. Naidu made remarkable speeches I N SWEEPING out the courtyard of and the Conference passed a resolu- a Hindu farmer, for whom her fa- tion that the legal marriage age for ther worked, a young Christian girl, a Indian girls and boys should be made C.M.S. convert, discovered one day a sixteen and twenty-one, another reso- piece of jewelry embedded in the dust lution being that two seats be given heap. Immediately she covered it with to women in India's Central Legisla- her foot, and quickly transferred .it ture. This All-India Women's Con- to a fold of her chaddar where she ference is now an annual affair, and tied it up securely. Her sweeping twenty-two provincial conferences ended, she trudged off with her basket along similar lines have been held dur- and broom to the outcaste quarters, ing the past year. A South Indian dwelling with delight and excitement daily paper, The Hindu of Madras, upon the thought of her new possessaid of the Delhi Conference: sion. But as she took it out to gaze

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at it, standing on the threshold of her Indian life in every direction; second- own house, a voice in her heart seemed ly, it has been of value in giving to say: "Thou art a Christian, a prominence to the fact that the present Christian must not steal I" In vain arrangements in the excise administra- she tried to quiet that still, small voice. tion of both the imperial and provincial Almost in spite of herself she turned governments are unsatisfactory; and and slowly wended her way back to thirdly, the value of the League's work the farmer's compound. There, hand- during the past two years is evidenced ing back the ornament to a group of in the strong opposition it has Hindu women seated on the bedstead, aroused." she said: "You have often jeered at me for being a Christian, but will you Sir Purshotamdas Thakurdas said: scoff to-day when my Lord Christ makes me give back the jewel I might The first legitimate demand of the pro- have stolen from you 1" hibitionists throughout India, both to the imperial and the provincial governments, An Indian Colporteur at Work is that there should be no further ex- pansion of the excise revenue. Their T HE methods of a certain Indian second demand is that the central gov- colporteur are thus described in ernment must come to terms with the Dnyanodaya; "He has acquired con- provincial governments as regards a comsiderable skill cin selling Scripture por- mon goal of regulation and restriction tions and his persuasive words and with an ultimate view to total prohibipleasant manner help him greatly in tion. A sane, sound, well-thought-out finding an opening even in unpromis- policy is overdue, if the present grave ing quarters. He is often seen en- complaint against the Government is to gaged in carrying on an argument stop. The great illiterate masses must with persons who are inclined not to not have the temptation to drink thrust touch his books through a spirit of upon them as it seems to be today. bigotry. 'These books are dangerous,' says a person, 'and will pollute us if AnaDlese Boy Starts a Church we touch them.' 'Has anyone ever proved the truth of such an assertion l' MRS. s. A. D. BOGGS, an American retorts; 'now listen to these words,' Baptist missionary in Jorhat, Asand here he will read a few verses sam, writes: "Every year, before the from the Sermon on the Mount or boys of the Bible School leave Jorhat from one of the parables and ask, for their vacation, Mr. Boggs gives 'What is wrong with these words? them a glowing picture of the op- How true are they I Instead of pollut- portunities each one will have to show ing a person, will they not rather his love for Christ in winning others purify him?' and so on. He is thus to Him in his own home and village. able to dispose of a book or two where When they return, reports of their a less persistent man would fail." vacation days are given in chapel. One boy went home for a few days to Prohibition League of India visit his parents who are not Chris- tians. He then went to a village where I N THE first biennial session of this no Christian had ever been before. organization held at Delhi, the Gen- There he started a school-probably eral Secretary, Rev. Herbert Anderson, under an open cow-shed. As the boys said that the League "though not hav- and girls became interested in all the ing achieved very much in the way of new things taught them, the parents total prohibition had distinctly shown were interested too, and in the eveits need and value in three directions. nings were willing to squat around the First, it has kept before the public the teacher and hear wonderful new facts fact that prohibition is a religious, themselves, especially of the God who ·social and cmoral question, touching had a loving spirit, and had sent His only Son to earth to tell men all about it, and to invite them to accept Him as their own personal Saviour. The result was that a pflrmanent teacher

was sent to that village school, and a in the work of the building according church was formed with thirty-seven to his ability. Some help in the game charter members. This same boy at room; some on the playground; and another time visited thirty villages others in secretarial and other capaciduring his vacation." ties. All do not measure up to their re- sponsibilities, but the majority are Hindu Exalts Christian Ideals found to be trying. Situated in one of the most congested areas in the world, REV. E. E. WHITE, of the Madura the Nagpada Neighborhood House is Mission of the American Board at endeavoring to stand out as a city upon Aruppukottai, South India, feels that a hill." "it is great to be a live missionary in India today." In proof of this he A Centennial in Burma says: "At the invitation of members of three separate large caste com- T HE American Baptist Mission in munities in and around Aruppukottai Burma celebrated in May the one town, I have presided over mass meet- hundredth anniversary of the baptism ings at which special speakers gave of its first Karen convert, Ko Tha Byu. addresses on subjects like 'Education,' He had been a member of a robber I)r 'The Way to Elevate Our Com- gang, but he had fallen out with his munity.' In each case they have fellows and was in debt, and so was cordially invited me to choose the sub- sold as a slave. A Burman Christian ject and have given good attention, found" him in the Rangoon bazaar beeven when I preached Christ right at ingoffered to the highest bidder. As them. At one such meeting I was he knew that Dr. Adoniram Judson thrilled to hear a scholarly high-caste was anxious to get in touch with these Hindu make a strong plea that Indians people he bought him for twenty should study the 'Ramayana,' a famous rupees. After several months of teachepic poem of India, and also urge with ing by Dr. Judson, he accepted Chrisgreat earnestness: 'We find in this tianity, but such had been his record poem the Christian ideals of humility, that the Burman church was not ready love, and sacrifice for others and we to admit him to baptism. Mr. Boardmust all try to attain these ideals.' man was soon to move to Tavoy, and Think of a Hindu pleading for Chris- Ko Tha Byu went with him to that tian ideals before Hindus I" new station, was shortly baptized, and immediately asked permission to seek Boys in a Bombay Hostel out the Karen villages hidden in the hills and spread the good news to them. ONE feature of the Nagpada Neigh- At the time of his death twelve years borhood House, opened in Febru- later, there were 1,275 members of ary, 1927, by the Marathi Mission in the Karen churches and probably three a crowded section of Bombay is the or four times that number waiting for hostel. A missionary writes of it: admission, for in those days admission "Twenty-four young men live together was not an easy matter. Now at the here. The boys in the hostel are of end of the first century, there are in two types: those whom we hope to the Karen Baptist churches 63,750 train as social workers, and boys who members. have just come to Bombay, and who have not as yet succeeded in getting a CHINA AND TIBET good start in the city. Five are Moslems, two are Jews, three are Famine Relief for China Hindus, and fourteen are Christians. Of the Christians, three are Roman A CABLE message from the Famine Catholics. The rule of the hostel is Relief Commission of Peking reservice. Every man who enters ceived in New York in April stated promises to take definite responsibility that according to reports from mis- sionaries in the northwestern part of

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the Province of Shantung appalling been joined by English Baptists. The famine conditions prevail. The situta- units of government in the new body tion, which has been growing worse are as follows: (1) "The Local for many months, is now so bad that Church," the organization of which is nine tenths of the population are re- to be decided by the District Associa- ported to be eating unwholesome food tion. (2) "The District Association,"

substitutes. A half million people are answering to the Presbytery under actually starving and 4,000,000 more the Presbyterian system. The District face similar conditions in the next two Association is at liberty to continue months. Deaths are increasing. Men the session form of government in the have abandoned their homes and gone local churches if so desired. (3) ''The to Manchuria in search of work. Divisional Council," which has much Children are being offered for sale; the same functions as the Presbyterian boys of six selling, in some instances, Synod. One point of difference lies in for the equivalent of $5.00 American the power of the Divisional Council currency. instead of the Presbyteries to elect commissioners to the General As- Ohinese Faith and Patienoe sembly. (4) "The General Assembly."

A LETTER from a Cinese evan- The realm of activities of this highest gelist in Fukow, Honan Province, court is much the same as that of the is quoted in China's Millions as fol- General Assembly of the Presbyterian lows: "Four 0 days ago the county Church. In addition to these four magistrate and the Political Bureau courts, provision is made for "The officers said to us that all the living General Council," which shall consist rooms of the foreigners must be of the moderator of the General As- emptied of all their contents without sembly, one representative of each delay and given to the Political Divisional Council, and three members Bureau. I said to them, 'Where shall at large.

I be able to store all these things be- longing to the foreigners l' They said, Women Theological Students T 'That is no concern of ours. Turn HERE are now sixty-one young men and thirty-two young women things out quickly.' I also said to them, 'How shall we have worship l' enrolled in the North China Theo- They coldly smiled and said, 'Ha! Ha! logical Seminary at Tenghsien, Shan- You still want to have worship, do tung Province, and, writes Rev. W. M.

you 1 Later on you church members Hayes, "I have never seen a more will not be able to have worship.' earnest, appreciative body of students.

Therefore we had no way but to move … The young women deserve especial all the things to a large inner room in credit for having returned, as most the west yard…….When we moved of them came on trains crowded to the the things out it was raining slightly limit with the rude soldiery, and with- and they stood by and laughed at us. out conveniences of any kind. I had It certainly made it difficult to be written to all those within range that, patient. Now we have only three small while we would do our best to protect rooms in which to have worship. Please them, yet we could not guarantee their pray much for us. I do not know what safety, but they reasoned that they the future will bring, but trusting in were also in danger of being carried the Lord we go on." off by bandits if they remained at home, and the comparative danger was Ohinese Ohurch Governm.ent not great enough to justify delaying T HE new "Church of Christ in their school work. The question came China" as described in the Decem- up in faculty meeting what should be ber REVIEW was made up of members done in case the bandits did carry them of Congregationalist, Presbyterian off, and two of the Chinese staff and Reformed churches. and has since volunteered, in case of that emergency, 6

to offer themselves as ransom for the Osaka Mainichi ran for more than young women." thirty days a drama called 'Christ,' which tells the simple story of Jesus. Tibetan Ohristian Pioneer All the women's magazines write about Christianity every month, and so FROM the Welsh Calvinistic Mission everywhere, even in the mountain dis- in Assam comes the story of the tricts, Christianity is being spread experience of a Tibetan youth, the first through the magazines. Some one has from the great closed land to enter a said that the Japanese women are Christian educational establishment. more Christian than the men, because He decided for Christ, and when the they read more Christianity in the news reached his people he received magazines." letters that imported ill for him on his return to their midst. After receiving Japanese Americanization these communications, the young Tibetan informed his headmaster of his in- REV. T. KATAOKA, a Japanese tention to lay aside all the books in the clergyman who is now studying curriculum and of giving his whole at the General Theological Seminary, time to the study of God's Word; and writes in The Spirit of Missions of then in order to be able to give a rea- some work which he saw last sumson for the hope that was in him, and mer: "There are six hundred Japanto meet argument with argument, he ese in Nebraska, one half of whom drew up a list of questions that might are children born in America. They be put to him by his heathen relatives, have formed the 'Japanese Ameriand set down the answers he would canization Society,' the general direcgive should those questions be put to tor of which is Mr. H. Kano, a Chrishim. He has returned, and says The tian, son of the late Viscount H. Kano, Christian (London), "If he does not a member of the Japanese House of meet a martyr's fate, and holds fast Peers. his confidence, who can foretell the possibilities of good that his life and "The Japanese Americanization Sowitness may lead to, in a land that ciety is a separate, independent body. hitherto has practically been im- However, as the head is a Christian penetrable to the Gospel 1" and the people trust him and appreci- ate his religious teaching, it may be JAPAN-KOREA recognized to some extent as a part of the Church's work." Morals in Japanese Papers Japanese Pastor'. Schedule MANY of the most ,popular maga- zines in Japan, according to A J APANESE pastor, connected Toyohiko Kagawa, are now devoting with the mission of the Reformed their pages to moral education. He Church in America, recently invited a says: "Some of these sell over 500,000 small group of friends to celebrate copies a month. The Fuji magazine, with him the tenth anniversary of his which is devoted to the uplift of baptism. He talked with them of his national morality, is very popular, and early prejudice against Christianity is purely a secular magazine. Hope, and his devotion to Shintoism, and the magazine which is the organ of the sketched in outline the way in which, Kibosha, an ethical society of young he said, God had led him in these past people, sells over 250,000 copies month- ten years. A missionary who was ly. Its editor is a Christian, and the present writes of Pastor Y's activities: contents of the magazine are the best ethical teachings of Christianity, Con- For more than six years he has confucianism, and Buddhism. Since the ducted a full schedule of services–two popular magazines are of this nature, preaching services, a prayer-meeting and it is no wonder that the daily news- at least two Sunday-schools weekly. His papers publish Christian articles. The church has a flourishing women's society and young men's club. Both render val- uable aid at special evangelistic meet-

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ings, frequently held, during the sum- The question was asked, inevitably, mer, for weeks at a time. Mr. Y. is 'Why, because the two churches in without doubt the best out-of-door evan- America are unable to unite, should gelist among our twenty-odd evangelists. Methodism be divided in Korea? We For two years he has been teaching Bible are one in spirit, method, purpose; three times a week at the large Meth- why should we not be one in body?' odist girls' school here, and turned in to Just as Japan asked twenty years ago, the Evangelistic Committee the twenty- 'Why should there be three Methodfive yen per month received as honor- isms in Japan rather than one 7' so arium. He takes his turn, in a very ac- Korea is now applying common sense ceptable manner, in leading the inter- to the same problem. The two Methdenominational activities of the city. In odist churches in Korea have separate addition to his regular assignment of but contiguous territories. Only in work under our mission, he has been an Seoul do they cover the same ground, ardent but discriminating reader of where they are working unitedly in Christian books, mastering English and six institutions, including the theol- Esperanto to gain access to the religious ogical seminary. Between the two works written in these languages. Here bodies there is marked harmony of is an all-round pastor and evangelist, a feeling." The first steps have now wise administrator, a man of industry been taken which are expected to lead and perseverance, always growing, like to organic union. Paul, "forgetting the things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things which are before."

Prohibition Gains in Japan JAPAN has taken another step to- Evangelizing Chinese in Korea ward liquor removal. The sale of Nake, the national intoxicating bever- REV. E. H. HAMILTON, a Southern age of the country, has been abolished Presbyterian missionary in Korea, in army canteens. The last anni- writes: "Mr. Chang, my associate in versary of tbe earthquake disaster, the work of evangelizing the Chinese September 1st, was generally observed in Southern Korea, is a Korean, but throughout the country as a National he speaks Chinese perfectly, having Temperance Day. In Tokyo, a great spent three years studying in a semidemonstration and lantern parade took nary in China. He has a real love for place; many thousands of men and the Chinese people, and a real care women participated, each carrying a for their souls. Our plan of evangelizred paper lantern on which were the ing the small towns is as follows: We words "No Sake Day." More than go to a Korean inn and engage a room; 25,000 sets of posters describing the then we go on the street and visit all evils of drink and its effects on grow- the Chinese in their shops, inviting ing boys and girls, were recently dis- them to come to our room that evening tributed in the primary schools of one to talk together and to hear the Gospel. of the cities of Japan. The principals Last night, for instance, here in Rashu of the schools have instructions from we went to the three cloth shops and the Department of Education to de- the one Chinese restaurant, and inliver lectures on the liquor habit. vited them to come to our room. Ten Chinese, out of about twenty who live Methodist Union in Korea here, crowded into our little room at the inn, and for about an hour we BISHOP HERBERT WELCH, of sipped tea and nibbled cakes with the Methodist Episcopal Church, them, and discussed the present situa- North, writes from Seoul: "The tion in China and in Korea. Then present movement to form a Korean after they had loosened up, we sang Methodist Church is the direct and, and explained a couple of hymns to shall I say, the natural result of the them, passed around pocket Testafailure in the United States of the gen- ments (furnished free by the Million eral plan for unification with the Testament Campaign for China) and Methodist Episcopal Church, South. read the Bible with them. Then Mr.

Chang preached to them, after which sioner of the District. He has given I added a word of exhortation." all possible help in establishing the work." Korean Men's Bible Class Home Missions in New Guinea T HE devotion to Bible study shown by Korean Christians has often MEMBERSHIP in the churches in been reported. A recent instance of New Guinea runs now in thouthis was the men's Bible class for sands where before the World War it Pyengyang District, which was at- ran in scores only, according to an tended for a week by more than 1,300 article in the Sunday Schoo~ Times, men who came from all parts of the which continues: "Best of all is the province. A remarkable feature of the eager spirit of evangelism. There is class was the six o'clock morning no church without its own mission. prayer meeting to which a thousand The London Society in the earlier or more men came out each morning in years sent six Samoans to evangelize the bitter cold in the dark. At the under the direction of the Rhenish Sunday night service those over fifty Society. There are now some eighty years old who wished to reconsecrate native missionaries, and the change their remaining years to God and His has come in ten years ….. The native service were asked to stand, while one Christians often go into heathen towns of their number led in a consecration to settle, with the idea of both preachprayer. Next; the middle-aged men ing and living the Gospel before the went through the same dedicatory heathen. They are sent forth not by service, and last of all the young men missionaries but by the churches under thirty years of age were asked themselves, who provide their repreto stand, if they whole-heartedly de- sentatives with food and other supplies sired to give themselves with all their in these remote posts. The whole of young strength to God's service. Dampier Island has, in this way, been covered with a net of volunteer evan- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gelist stations. Now and then the evangelists return to tell their ex- Reaching a New Filipino Tribe periences." In some places they are building good-sized churches. A. T ZAMBOANGA, on the southwest 1'1. coast of Mindanao, the most Maoris Prize Their Bibles southerly of the Philippine Islands, A COLPORTEUR of the British the Protestant Episcopal Church has and Foreign Bible Society in the had for years a church, hospital and New Hebrides who has sold many school among the Moros, but the in- copies of the new edition of the Maori terior of the island has been until Bible tells of how pleased the Maori about a year ago untouched by any are to have a Bible of their own; Christian influence. A writer in The they even go without food to save Spirit of Missions says: "We have money to buy one. A young Maori, recently opened a mission at Upi, the twenty-three years of age, came to the central barrio, or village, of the lady missionary to whom he owed Tirurais, a pagan tribe which occupies spiritual enlightenment and asked for the mountain province of Cotabato. a Bible and a prayer-book. With them They are a most interesting people, he went back to the sawmill camp and are very responsive to our church where he lived and started most acteachings. They have a belief in one ceptable services among his own God, and 'have a tradition that they people. were people of Heaven who wandered away and were lost. They expect and A missionary of the United Free await a Saviour who will take them Church of Scotland writes of the back to heaven …… The mission at presentation of a new Maori Bible to Upi is fortunate in having a friend in those in charge of the meeting-house: Captain Edwards, the Deputy Commis-

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The Bible was taken home by one of service has been prepared and has Rua's followers and read, with the re- been translated into many languages. sult that the Light shined in his soul. This service, in Korean, has been sent Since then his wife, too, has taken Jesus to more than 4,000 Sunday-schools as her Friend. We read of the Bible in in that country. Sample copies, in foreign countries having given its silent English, can be had by adressing the message and changed the hearts and World's Association, Metropolitan lives of those who received it. The same Tower, New York. The nominal thing has happened here, and we pray charge for quantities is fifty cents per that the reading of God's Word may hundred. They will help to promote bring many into His Kingdom. very real world fellowship in Christian worship on World's Sunday School NORTH AMERICA Day.

Youth's Threefold Crusade Gospel for Boston Jews T HE theme of the International I T IS estimated that in greater Christian Endeavor Convention Boston there is a Jewish population last July was "Crusade with Christ," of 100,000. Mr. Herman B. Centz has and the appointment of three represen- been engaged in missionary work in tative commissions to carry out this that city for over a year, but on crusade along three lines-evangelism, January 16, 1928, the work came under world peace, and Christian citizenship the auspices of the Presbyterian Board -was announced in the October of National Missions. REVIEW. Indorsements and expressions of cooperation have come rapidly During the last fifteen days of since then reports the national Chris- January there were thirty-one Jewish tian Endeavor headquarters, (1) inquirers at the reading room in Bowfrom the Interdenominational Young doin Square, among them Socialists, People's Commission, in charge of Communists, orthodox believers, and young people's societies in twenty-one philosophically-inclined agnostics. As denominations; (2) from the Sunday- a result of the interest aroused by schol workers among young people of personal conversations, three purmore than thirty denominations; (3) chased complete Bibles and three from a group of official representatives others bought New Testaments in of young people's agencies within and Yiddish and Hebrew. A number of without the Church. Jews also came in to ask for a free copy of the Gospel of Matthew. This Easter morning witnessed the in- Gospel, opened at the fifth chapter, auguration of a Crusade with Christ was displayed under a sign which read, participated in by many of the Chris- "If God were King-the Most Distian youth groups of the United States. cussed Sermon-a COpy Free." Mr. Thousands of Christian youth at- Centz speaks appreciatively of the tended the Easter sunrise prayer serv- cordial support he is receiving from ices held in hundreds of cities and friends of the work. He is encouragvillages throughout North America, in ing pastors to include Jews living which the three-fold Crusade of Evan- about their churches in their ministry, gelism, World Peace and Christian and is cooperating in this service. Citizenship received its first popular acceptance. Expert Missionary Education World's Sunday School nay T HE International Council of Re- ligious Education conducts its J ULY 15, the Sunday when the studies and investigations through Tenth Convention of the World's what are known as professional ad- Sunday School Association will be in visory sections, organized for elemensession in Los Angeles, pastors tary, young people's and adult groups. throughout the world are requested to There are sections also for editors, use the Convention motto, "Thy Kingdom Come," Matthew 6: 10, as their sermon text. An appropriate worship

professors and specialists in religious nominations has drawn up the follow- education. The recommendations of ing expression of things held in com- these various advisory sections clear mon: through the Committee on Education. Each Church has the congregational At its recent annual meeting the form of government. Council established relations with the Missionary Education Movement, In each, the individual church is the through the organization of a profes- unit of authority. sional advisory section on missionary education. Active membership in this Each Church accepts and practices repsection is to consist of those profes- resentative government with regard to sionally engaged in denominational or matters of common concern to the interdenominational work. churches.

Missions comments: Each Church accepts the Bible as the rule of faith and practice, recognizing It has been recognized now for some the right of free individual interpretatime by the religious education leaders tion. that the most vital illustrative material in applying the principle of religious edu- Neither Church holds to a creed which cation is found in the field of missions; is binding upon individuals or upon and a growing conviction of the im- churches. portance of missions in the whole scheme of religious education has led to this new Each is agreed upon the general plan of correlation, which will greatly foundational tenets of our common widen the sphere of influence of our mis- Christianity. sionary education agencies. An Indian Chief's Appeal CHIEF AHPEAHTONE, a Kiowa Indian, in a recent appeal to the Secretary of the Interior, in view of the extension of the trust period for Two Churches Consider Union the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache NEGOTIATIONS that have been tribes, said: "When the present trust going on for some time between period expires, it is my wish that you the Commission on Interchurch Rela- and the other representatives who look tions of the Congregational Churches after the welfare of the Indians be and the Commission on Christian extremely careful to see that more ex- Unity of the Christian Church have tension be granted mainly for the reached the point of joint recom- benefit of the younger generation. I mendations looking toward organic believe the time has not come for the union. The "Christian Church" in Government to relinquish its hold on question is not the Disciples of Christ, the property of the Indian for his known as "Christians" in some parts benefit. I know that at the present of the United States, but the "General time numerous persons are awaiting Convention of the Christian Church," the end of the trust period. They think whose headquarters are at Dayton, it is going to be one of the greatest Ohio. The report of the Census boons. I see it as the beginning of the Bureau tabulates 1,044 churches, with end for my people. I predict it will 112,795 members. There are 182 take fifty years more before the good churches in Ohio, 174 in Indiana, 151 Government can safely relinquish their in North Carolina, 88 in Illinois, 74 in hold. Be guided by your wisdom, and Virginia, and 52 in New York, with may God, or the Great Spirit, guide smaller numbers in other states as far you in all your undertakings."-Miswest as Kansas. There are some sions.

churches in New England, but the greater strength lies in the interior LATIN AMERICA 1, and in the South. The churches in "Friendship School Bag" Plan Ohio and Indiana, for example, are in HE project of sending "Friend- sections where there are only a few ship School Bags" to the children Congregational churches, and the same of Mexico, sponsored by the Committee thing is true in the Southeast. of the Federal Council of Churches on A joint committee of the two de- World Friendship among Children,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

was described in the January REVIEW. Porto Rican Presbyterian_ This committee, which carried through its first project, the "doll messengers" THE Board of National Missions of to Japan, with such remarkable suc- the Presbyterian Church (U. S. cess in both countries, reports increas- A.) announces that with the retireing interest in this new plan for ment of the Rev. Arthur James from developing international good will. work in Porto Rico in April, there has School bags were chosen for the ex- begun "one of the most significant pression of friendliness because of the phases of Protestant work on the Isgreat movement in Mexico for popular land. From this time on entire reeducation. The bags, which are dur- sponsibility for the promotion and able, in three colors, and beautifully administration of the work of the embossed, may be obtained from the Presbytery of Porto Rico will rest in Committee, 289 Fourth Avenue, New the hands of native Porto Rican York City. Classes, groups or in- pastors. When the work was begun dividuals may fill them with service- thirty years ago the supervision as able and appropriate gifts having some well as a larger part of the pastoral connection with school life. The bags work was carried by missionaries sent are being sent to the Department of by the Board from the north, but as Education in Mexico City for distribu- native ministers, trained under their tion among the primary school chil- supervision, showed ability to assume dren on Mexico's Independence Day, leadership, man after man was with- September 16th. Some have already drawn and his responsibility placed arrived, and Dr. Moises Saenz in upon a Porto Rican pastor. Mr. James acknowledgment writes that the De- is the last of these, and he has been partment of Education is "thrilled" succeeded by the Rev. Angel Archilla, with this evidence of the friendliness pastor of the Central Church in of the American children. Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Christian Homes in Guatemala Dr. JamesA. McAllister, president of the Seminary of Rio Piedras, and Dr. MISS ANNA VAN HOOK, of the J. W. Harris, president of the Poly- Central American Mission, writes technic Institute, are members of the from San Marcos, Guatemala: "Last Presbytery but are engaged in educanight we held an extra service in San tional work entirely." Pedro in the home of a widow who believed, with all her house, two years ''Bellt Seller" in Brazil ago. She used to keep a saloon and was herself a woman of ill repute. REV. J. H. HALDANE, representa- Now the Lord has set her free and she tive of the Evangelical Union of uses her home for His glory. She had South America in Pernambuco, North invited the whole neighborhood and all Brazil, narrates several instances of her friends. There were about twenty former persecutors who now listen unconverted, some who had never been gladly to the Gospel and continues: in a service before. What a joy it is "A few years ago when the colporteurs to bring the message to those who went round selling the Scriptures, have never heard! The believer who they took their lives in their hands. preached is himself a converted ma- Constantly they had to see their books rimba player who once wasted his life torn up or burned. But now every in drink and fiestas-don Marcelino. town is open to them, and the people The Lord is undoubtedly preparing welcome them; the people come seek~ this brother for a more extended serv- ing for the Scriptures. The Brazilian ice and he is becoming a very clear likes a good novel, and they have some and forceful speaker. His wife, too, good authors, whose works enjoy a is growing spiritually and their home large circulation, but the book that has is a powerful testimony." the largest circulation in Brazil today is the Bible."

Needy Indians in Amazonia are taking hold of the work in an in- TT ENNETH G. GRUBB, who has spiring fashion. The Tocopilla church .l~ been making a special study of plans to become self-supporting within the Indians of the Amazon Valley, the next year."

writes: "The period since the war EUROPE has witnessed the resuscitation of prayer and service on behalf of Ama- Livingstone House in London zonia. It is more than important that this movement should be fostered by T HE London Missionary Society has the prayer and labor of devoted souls. given the name of its most famous The opportunity of fulfilling our missionary to the new headquarters building which it has erected behind divine commission to these Gentiles the premises occupied by the Society can never again recur. This genera- since 1920. The new address is tion is the last for the Amazon In- Livingstone House, Broadway, Westdian as such. Rather, we cannot minster, London S. W. 1, and Westescape the truth that we are a genera- minster Abbey is only two minutes' tion (and more) too late. The eco- walk away. On March 6th the building nomic development of the Amazon has was formally opened by Sir Frederick antedated missionary expansion in Whyte, K. C. S. I., ex-President of the region by twenty years. Com- the Legislative Assembly of India and son of the late Rev. Alex Whyte, D.D., merce has stretched out her hand at of Edinburgh, and on the two succeedthose frowning forests and with- ing days a reception for representadrawn her' advances. She has left tives of kindred societies and a more than abandoned rubber posts meeting of London ministers were and river ports in somnolent decay. held. Up to March 1st the income of She has left a sinister feast for the the L. M. S. had increased £22,000 over bird of prey, the whitening bones of that of the preceding year, and many the worn-out slave, the mind tainted additional contributions were hoped with the lust for gold, the 'foul traces for before the end of the fiscal year, of congenital disease, the moral and April 1st. spiritual degradation, and the embit- tered soul fed with hatred and "Petrified Souls" in Belgium despair." REV. A. MIELES describes Malines, Belgium, as "a town where the New Attitude in ChUe T HE Chilean Church is growing souls of men have been petrified by the rapidly, reports Rev. Irven Paul, Roman Catholic Church." He writes Presbyterian missionary in Taltal, who in The Missionary Voice: "We are says: "When I came here a few years looking in every corner of Malines to ago they were worried about how they find a place for gospel preaching in could get more money and more mis- one of the suburbs. Sometimes I have sionaries from the United States to found a little hall good for our pur- evangelize Chile. Now they say, 'Let poses, but regularly after some days us not ask for more foreign money or I have been told, 'I am sorry, but I missionaries, but let us do the work cannot rent you the place. My wife ourselves and be responsible for it. In- fears the Church'; or, 'I had for- stead of paying only thirty national gotten I promised the hall to another.'

pastors higher salaries, let us turn our The priests robbed us of about eight 1,380 members into missionaries and children in our children's work by pastors and form a Chilean National menacing the parents. But new chil- Church. That is what we should have dren came in. A woman's meeting has done fifty years ago, don't you think?' begun, first a little weak thing, but At any rate the plan works well. They we are praying and believing for more.

elected an elder as moderator of the o • 0 0 One poor woman, born in England presbytery this year and the elders and married to a Belgian workman,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

said, 'I thought the Lord was every- All the Protestants in France, includ- where the same, but here in this dark ing those in Alsace, number about one country I see no more the Lord of my million. The Paris society has 260 father and mother, only a Roman missionaries in 8 mission fields, the Catholic God, asking for money and majority of them in the French col- more money.''' onies in Africa. It also has an im- portant mission field in British South A Spanish Woman Imprisoned Africa, among the Basutos and along THE case of Carmen Padin-an un- the Zambesi. In view of the deprecia- educated village woman-has at- tion of French money, it is not surtracted much attention, according to prising that the society is working Evangelical ChristendO'J'l1" which says: under great difficulties. Its budget "In a village apothecary's shop she for the present year is estimated at entered into a discussion, and denied 4,200,000 French francs, of which that the Virgin Mary had no other there is only one half in sight!

children, saying the gospels give the names of her sons and daughters. It Temperance Day in Bulgaria F is difficult for us in England to realizeEW Americans may be aware that January 16th is a red-letter day in what this means in Spain, part of which is called 'the Land of the their history, but the Bulgarians, says Holiest Virgin.' Her words were re- The Congregationalist, "have been sented by the local ecclesiastical au- celebrating it as such for the past thority, and she was charged with eight years. It is known as Tem- escarnio, contempt of, scoffing at, re- perance Day in Bulgaria, dating, of ligion. As the perpetual virginity of course, from the going into effect of the mother of our Lord is the most the Eighteenth Amendment to the deeply rooted belief of Spanish Roman- Constitution of the United States.

ism, for a person to say otherwise is, This year, the day was celebrated in in Spanish law and Roman Catholic Sofia by a mass meeting in the opinion, a very heinous offence. We Theater Odeon, at which Dr. H.

have read carefully the judgment of Neichev gave an illustrated lecture, in the court and that of the Court of Bulgarian, on the effects of Prohibi- Appeal, and no other offence is laid tion in America, followed by a musical to the charge of Carmen Padin. For and literary program. The theater these and no other words, she has been was packed with an enthusiastic condemned to two years' imprisonment crowd, composed largely of young peo- and forfeiture of civil rights. The ple, long before the hour of opening.

Spanish Branch of the World's Evan- This day was celebrated not only in gelical Alliance defended her in the Sofia, but throughout the country- Provincial as well as in the Supreme wherever there were temperance so- Court of Madrid, but in vain. The cieties. Everywhere, America is sentence was pronounced and con- looked upon and lauded as the leader firmed, and she is now serving her in the movement for 'keeping alcohol sentence in Segovia." for our machines and clothes-cleaning establishments, and keeping it out of The Paris Mliaaion our stomachs,' as Dr. Neichev ex- T HIS mission society grew out of pressed it." an auxiliary to the Basel Mission, which was founded in 1882 and for The BUnd in Hungary T many years was closely connected with HE American Bible Society has been asked to assist an enterprise the Swiss Society. During the War it had charge of the Cameroon Mis- which is thus described in the Bible sion and at present its missionaries Society Record; "Through Dr. Adolph are manning the Cameroon territory. Keller, of Zurich, Switzerland, comes

word of a generous service to the GENERAL blind being rendered in Hungary. It is notable as an evidence of how Chris- Medical Needs of the World tians in Central Europe are trying to help themselves and their fellows. It MEDICAL missionary work in foris more notable because this work was eign lands will more and more inaugurated, and is being carried on, take the form of public health educa- by a lady who is herself blind in one tion and the training of nationals as eye and also a partial invalid. Bishop physicians and nurses, rather than the Ravasz of the Reformed Church of treatment by Western-trained special- Hungary commends the work highly. ists of individual patients in hospital He reports that the lady is the wife and clinic and through surgery and of a professor in the University of medicine. This was the consensus of Budapest. On her country place she opinion of the one hundred medical has had a small house altered for the missionaries-furloughed doctors and purpose, and set up in it a practical nurses and board medical secretaries Braille printing hand machine. Al- -who attended the Conference on ready she has embossed 400 copies of Medical Missions held at Riverdaleparts of the gospels, and 100 copies on-Hudson, April 3d to 5th, under the of Paul's epistles. These are distri- auspices of the Foreign Missions Conbuted to the blind free." ference of North America. "We recognize the continued challenge that Riga "Salvation Temple" the medical needs of a large portion of the world present to the Christian I N THIS building work is being car- Church; we realize how inadequate ried on, under the general direction are the forces, both personal and of Pastor Fetler, for both Russian and financial, that are trying to meet these Letts. A recent article in The Friend needs; and we challenge the present of Missions says: "As a new feature student generation with this problem," in the Russian work, may be men- say the findings of the Conference. tioned the gospel meeting on Wednesday evening, which is well attended. Missionaries' Children Succeed Sometimes this takes the form of a testimony meeting, when many of the PROFESSOR ELLSWORTH church members give brief testi- HUNTINGTON, of Yale Univermonies, about five minutes each, tell- sity, presented recently to the Ameriing what the Lord has done for them. can Eugenics Society a report which In these meetings, also, the spirit of has been widely quoted. His study of prayer is manifest. The Sunday eve- the graduates of Yale and Harvard in ning meetings in the large hall are the past thirty years shows that the well attended by people who seem to largest measure of success in college be really interested in the Gospel. Re- and after has come to the sons of miscently, we have had meetings at the sionaries. Next come the sons of proend of the service when 100 to 120 fessors, and close to them the sons of people remain together for prayer; ministers, serving churches at home. many at these after-meetings are A partial explanation of these records really seekers after the truth, and is found by Professor Huntington in pray for the first time. The work in the fact that "missionaries, both men the Sunday-school is progressing and women, must have good health, a somewhat slowly but surely. It is not spirit of adventure, energy, religion so easy for the Russian children to and moral fervor." The New York come to the school as it is for the Times, commenting editorially, says: Letti.sh children, because many of their parents are against it. They The promise that was made to the first would like to see their children any- missionaries of a gospel whose preachwhere but in the Salvation Temple." -jng has now enehe1ed the earth-that "the last shall be first"-has had a lat- ter-day fulfillment in that the mission- aries of our time, who are least in their material rewards, are first in the relative

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

achievement of their children. There is India, Burma, and Ceylon. A special something to be said for a system which arrangement committee, on which the makes possible this remarkable contribu- National Christian Council, the Y. M. tion to human biography. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and the Na- tional Missionary Society are repre- Follow Up Lausanne Conference sented, is working in the closest co- operation with the executive commit- T HE ninety-five churches which tee of the World's Student Christian sent representatives to the World Federation. One feature of the pro- Conference on Faith and Order held gram will be a presentation of India's last August in Lausanna, Switzerland, religious and social contribution to have been asked to express their opin- the world by non-Christian, as well as ions as to the next step in carrying by Christian, speakers. forward the Christian unity movement. -This request is made in a letter COMING EVENTS mailed by the international Continuation Committee appointed at Lausanne Schools for Pastors to the executive officers of the principal Protestant and Eastern Orthodox June 4 to 15. New England School bodies in thirty-seven countries, in for Town and Country pastors. Boston every quarter of the globe. Since the University, Boston, Mass. Rev. K. C. governing bodies of many of these McArthur, Sterling, Mass., Director. churches meet only at long intervals, considerable time will elapse before a *** consensus of these opinions can be obtained. Meanwhile, the educational June 4 to 15. California Ministers' work of the movement is being carried Summer Institute at Pacific School of on by local meetings in every country Religion, Berkeley, Calif. Dr. E. W. represented in the conference, and by Blakeman, Director. world-wide dissemination of literature. * >I< '" "The Monoplane Testament" June 11 to 28. School of Community T HIS is the title given by the Pa- Leadership, Kansas State Agricultural cific Agency of the American Bible College, Manhattan, Kansas, Roy Walter Society to a special edition of the Burr, Director. New Testament and Psalms, stamped with a monoplane and lettering in " … '" gold. Rev. A. Wesley Mell, secretary of the Agency, writes: "The volume June 18 to 29. Pastors' Summer has met a popular demand as a gift School, Ohio State University, Columbus, book for aviators and youths inspired Ohio, Prof. C. E. Lively, Director. with flying ideals. At the time of Lindbergh's visit to the Pacific Coast '" >I< '" we sent the first copy to him by air mail on his entrance into the Pacific June 25 to July 6. Wisconsin Rural Agency at Spokane, Washington. Church Summer School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Dr. J. H. w. S. C. F. to Meet in India Kolb, Director.

EUROPE, North America, Japan, '" >I< '" Constantinople, China have in turn welcomed the World's Student July 2 to 19. Auburn Summer School Christian Federation for either a gen- of Theology, Auburn, New York, Rev. eral committee meeting or a larger Harry Lathrop Reed, Director. conference. Its last big conference was held in Peking in 1922, and its '" July 9 to 20.'" S'"ummer School for next meeting will be held in Mysore, India, in December, under the auspices Rural Pastors, Michigan Agricultural of the Student Christian Movement in Colle~e, East Lansing, Mich. Dr. Eben .. ..'" Mumbord, Director. July 9 to 21. Summer School for Town and Country Ministers, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Prof. R.

.. .'" A. Felton, Director. July 18 to August 1. Estes Park Pas- tors Fellowship School, Estes Park, Colorado. Dr. W. H. Wilson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. Director.

*** September 3 to 14. Summer Confer- pnce for Town and Country Ministers, Washinorton College, Chestertown, Md. Dr. P. E. Titsworth, Director.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Gospel for Asia. Kenneth Saunders. undertake this essay in interpretation 245 pp. $2.50. New York. 1928. and comparison. With the background The International Missionary Coun- of honors at Oxford and Cambridge cil set the following as the first ques- he went to Ceylon where he studied tion in the preparatory studies for the Buddhism at first hand for four years.

recent meeting at Jerusalem: "In Extensive travel in the East and years countries where the minds of men of scholarly research have helped to have been molded by other faiths than make possible a series of valuable vol- Christianity, what are the' sources umes~"Buddhist Ideals," "The Story from which chiefly they draw strength of Buddhism," "Adventures of a Chris- and comfort? What are the chief in- tian Soul," "The Heart of Buddhism,"

sights which they have gained into the "Gotama Buddha," and "Epochs in meaning and purpose of life?" I Buddhist History."

know of no book which better answers His present volume is a deeply mis- such a question for three great re- sionary book. It not only unfolds to ligions of Asia than this new volume the West the kernel of two great re- by Prof. Saunders. ligions of the East, but it offers the His book is an effort to bridge the "Fourth Gospel" to the Oriental world gulf which tends to separate educated as an expression of the central Chris- people of the East and the West, for tian truth in terms that will appeal the author believes that a study of the most to it.

religious masterpieces of three great In these times of readjustment in civilizations can bring men together missionary thought it ought greatly and help them to understand the unity to strengthen our impulse to share the of civilization. To know India one riches we experience in Jesus Christ, must know the Bhagavad-gita. To to see how definitely and explicitly a understand Japan, the Lotus Scripture scholar of Professor Saunders' knowl- is almost as important. While the edge and insight registers his convic- Christian "Fourth Gospel," with its tion as to the supremacy of Jesus Logos doctrine and mysticism, is Christ. "Krishna and Sakyamuni deeply significant for the West. Per- may indeed, like Elijah and Moses of haps two thirds of the human race are the Transfiguration, gain a greater today receiving light in greater or reality by being set beside the Christ.

less degree from these three books. . . . And if some, like the impetuous "All three belong to great periods of Peter, now desire to make three taber- the springtide of the Spirit, when nacies, we cannot doubt that they will creative personalities had called forth some day learn, as he learned, that a response of devotion and gratitude. these others are there to worship, not They are all works of mystical wor- to be worshipped." The author holds ship of a loving Saviour . .. For all that in Christ, the Son of Man, is of them this is the Eternal speaking found the personality and the power in time; and they all realize that a that will unify and reconstruct the great Idea must tabernacle in human great faiths of Asia. In Him is flesh to have redemptive power." neither East nor West, and in His The author is peculiarly qualified to Cross is the only motive power strong 508

BOOKS WORTH READING

enough to overcome the tremendous and surprised by what has been acobstacles in the way of unity. complished from the feudal days and Chinese education of 1854 to the D. J. FLEMING. 10,532,561 pupils of today, with a schoolgoing age enrollment of 99.30 Japan in the World of Today. By Arthur per cent of boys and 99.03 per cent J. Brown. Illustrated. 322 pp. New of the girls-the world record at pres- York. $3.75. 1928. ent. Yet it is saddening to read that seven out of every eight candidates A worthy volume calls for a strong for college cannot be cared for befoundation. And that we have here. cause of inadequate provision for "The materials for this volume were them; and still more sad is it to know gathered during an administrative re- that while "an American student who lationship of over thirty years with fails to pass examinations never thinks missionary work in Japan, two visits of killing himself, every year Japanese to that country, an extensive cor- students end their lives for this rearespondence, and many personal con- son," especially by throwing themferences with Japanese of all classes, selves into the beautiful Kegon Waterand with Americans and Europeans fall, near Nikko, and the volcano of who are or have been in Japan as mis- Asama. Of these Dr. Gulick tells us sionaries, business men, editors, that "in 1912 no fewer than 248 men teachers, consuls and ambassadors." and women ended their lives in that Dr. Brown's membership of a Com- tragic way at Kegon alone. How mission on American and Japanese many had ended their lives in the Relations and also of one on Interna- crater of Asama no records can show." tional Justice and Goodwill are further "Social Problems" affecting the lives indications that we have the opinions and morals of the Japanese are plainly of a recognized authority on "Things indicated and narrated in a way to Japanese." Other productions of his make the Occident compare Japanese bear out the claim of his fitness to shortcomings with our own sinful write upon Japan. estate. After an unduly long and not alto- Japan in Korea, in Manchuria and gether germane chapter on "World Conditions,"-most of which appeared Siberia and in the World War, as well first in A.~ia-a somewhat vague chap- as our own relations with Japan, so ter upon "The Country and People of helpful at first and ending in' the .Japan" and an essential one upon shame of our exclusion law of 1924- "Autocracy and Democracy," he enters never to be forgotten and resented as upon his really contributory interpre- a damning blot upon our national tation of Japan as it has entered into escutcheon-are perhaps the most im· the world of today. From a well-in- portant chapters in the volume, and dexed mass of readings and interviews are naturally followed by one on "The and also from what was claimed for War Bogey"-which becomes plainly Dr. Arthur Smith-that he had a only a bogey concocted by yellow jourcapacious storehouse of facts in the nalists and by timorous and alarmist back of his own head-he pours forth business men and a few naval officers. a wealth of information and argument that is rarely seen in print. The work ends with religion, first a comprehensive account of indigenous What he tells us of Japan's army religions, followed by sketches of and navy would be hardly credible Roman and Russian Catholic Missions, were it not abundantly documented; and last and most effective of all those but it is not used here as it has been of Protestantism. In these thirtyby jingoists. "Trade and Manufac· four pages is a convincing reply to the turers" will be an "eye-opener" to question, Do Japanese Missions Pay? most business men, and is equally as- as the last chapter, "Christianity as tonishing. Educators, from kinder- Japanese See It. Do They Want It?" garten to university, will be fascinated

answers the query, Shall Missions Be mindful of the true character of the Given Up in Japan? H. P. B. missionary enterprise. Several state- ments are not in accord with known China, a Nation in Evolution. Paul Mon- facts. She confuses Christianity with roe. Illustrated. 8 vo., 447 pp. $3.50. Western civilization, admits that it New York. 1928. "has helped to bring about the great There are many books on China, but awakening among Asiatic peoples," this is particularly worthy of thought- but says that "bitter antagonism to ful study. The author is the Director Christianity is widespread." As a of the International Institute and matter of fact, the antagonism is anti- Barnard Professor of Education in the foreign rather than anti-Christian. Teachers' College of Columbia Uni- In proportion as Asiatics understand versity. It would be difficult to name the altruistic purpose of the missionany American more competent to write ary and the beneficent influence of his upon China. He has visited it several work, they are friendly. This was times, is a trustee of two China uni- notably illustrated in the tragedy in versities, and has been expert educa- Nanking where the trouble was tional adviser of the Government. Dr. created by soldiers from another prov- Alfred Sze, Chinese Minister in Wash- ince who did not know the difference ington, who writes the Fqreword, says between missionaries and other forthat Dr. Monroe "has not only a first- eigners and where the people of the hand personal knowledge of the coun- city did everything they could to help try and people but also a truly sym- the missionaries. pathetic insight into their needs and aspirations." This attractive volume The statement of Miss Harrison abundantly justifies the reader's ex- "that more of them (Japanese Chrispectation. The discussion of Chinese tians) have become baptized from a social, intellectual, economic, political desire to learn English and to write and religious conditions is remarkably on the typewriter than from love of able and the analysis of the present Jesus Christ," is palpably absurd, situation is so clear and readable that since Japanese who wish to learn the reader is carried along with un- English can do so at the government abated interest to the end. A copious schools. In reality, Japanese Chrisindex renders the rich and varied con- tians show the genuineness of their tents readily accessible for reference. faith by supporting many of their churches without foreign aid. ARTHUR J. BROWN. It is a pity that a book which con- Asia Reborn. Marguerite Harrison. 8 vo., tains much valuable material should 389 pp. $4. New York. be marred by such inaccurate state- ments and such crude opinions. This comprehensive review of the changes that have taken place in Asia ARTHUR J. BROWN.

since 1914 discusses the effect of the Stewardship in the Life of Women. Helen World War upon the peoples of Asia Kingsbury Wallace. Introduction by and the movements influencing present Helen Barrett Montgomery. 88 pp. developments. In spite of occasional $1. New York. 1928.

errors the author shows considerable This is no academic discussion, but knowledge of political, social and eco- is alive with experience and practical nomic conditions. She attributes to suggestion. It is a subject that re- King Rama VI of Siam reforms be- quires treatment by a writer of un- gun by his father Chulalongkorn, and usual qualification, such as Miss Wal- she refers to the present King as the lace. She is a wide-awake young wom- son of Rama, the fact being that he an who has been developed in an is a brother. She includes Christian- atmosphere of practical stewardship ity in "The Springs of the Asiatic in the fullest sense of the term. Out Renascence," but she is apparently un- of both Old and New Testaments, she

has called together a remarkable sex- that distant part of the world. It is tette of women who speak in action written for the purpose of showing the pictures on the stewardship of Hospi- need of Chinese for the Gospel, and the tality, of Sewing, of Money, of Time, compensations of work among them. of Family and of the Gospe. Here is described a woman's stewardship in Securing Christian Leaders for Tomorrowher use of a little room, of a needle, A Study in Present Problems of Reernit· of a costly offering, of an hour, of a ing for Christian Life Service. By Sam· little son, and of a message. With uel McCrea Cavert. 12 mo. 179 pages. these instruments of the "common round, the daily task," the book brings Price $1.50. New York. 1926. home the high organizing principle of stewardship which Jesus makes cen- The author might as truthfully be tral in the life of every disciple. called the editor, for the book is really Motherhood is the most important of a compilation of the group discussion all stewardships. Only when the roots and research of eight leaders of reof stewardship are planted in the cruiting in different fields. The findhome, will its fruits abound in the ings of this group were also read and work through all the Church. constructively criticized by nearly a score of others, also leaders in va- DAVID MCCONAUGHY. rious fields of recruiting.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. 12 mo. It is a serious effort to present the 202 pp. New York and London. 1927. problems of recruiting for Christian callings and the efforts now being Africa and Her l'eoples. F. Deauville made to secure their solution. Walker. 12 mo. 144 pp. London and New York. 1927. It occupies a new fielcJ. and empha- sizes the need for the Christian motive Africa is the Foreign Missions in choosing a life work. study topic for 1928-1929. Here are two valuable helps to the understand- The chapter headings suggest the ing of the Continent, the people and scope of the book: their religions, the mission work and the progress of Christianity. I. The Christian View of Life·Work. II. Beginning with the Child. Dr. Fraser, who has spent a fruit- III. Continuing with the Yonth. ful lifetime in Livingstonia, describes IV. R~aching the College Stndent. graphically the people and how they V. The Right Person in the Right Place. live, the entrance of the Christian VI. Some Conclusions. Church and its influence on education and life, the problems and their only The book should be of interest to all solution in Christ. Christian workers and especially to Mr. Walker, whose book was first written four years ago, gives a more those who are concerned about misgeneral and comprehensive view of the Continent and its progress; the sionary leadership. African family and their beliefs and practices; the progress of Islam and It has many clear compact statethe influence of exploration, science, commerce, and education in making a ments quite quotable-" A man's vonew Africa. Christianity and missions are touched on only incidentally. cation should be the chief manifesta- The Green Gods. .Tosephine Hope Wester- tion of his spiritual life."

velt. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.50. New York. "The one great way of assuring the 1927. needed leadership for tomorrow is to Indo-China is not well known in make the Church of today what the American circles. This attractive story tells of life and adventure in Church at its best has always been- a center of attraction for the noblest and most heroic souls. " L. B. H.

Der Gegenwaertige Geisteskampf um Ost- a,sien. Theodor Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher. Gotha. Three Marks. 96 pp.

This very thoughtful book is the fruit' of a trip to the mission field of the Ostasien-Mission, of which the

author is a mission inspector. It is a "The Perfume of Prayer." A unique study from the double viewpoint of feature is the alliteration of the table comparative religion and theory of of contents.

missions. To express the purpose of The author does not shun such the book in the words of the author, topics as the philosophy of prayer and we would quote the following from his modern scientific doubts, but he does foreword: "It is the aim of Christian not give them much space. He is missions to assist the groups of Chris- writing for the everyday Christian tians that already exist in all Asiatic and trusts to positive Scriptural teach- countries, to create for themselves a ing to furnish the light which will Christianity of their own and rooted solve difficulties, and make prayer in their own soil. In how far the re- more enjoyable and profitable.

ligions of eastern Asia still possess The introduction by Dr. W. B. Riley vitality and in how far the events of of Minneapolis, and the carefully t~e present call out a 'quo vadis'? to chosen quotations which precede each Christian missions, that is the aim of chapter greatly enrich the book. At this book to set forth." the conclusion of his preface the The book is a very valuable con- author says, "If the reader will pray tribution to the efforts that are being over each chapter as it is read, openmade, more or less successfully to ac- ing wide the door of the heart so that quaint the West with the hereditary the Holy Spirit may make his throne viewpoints and backgrounds of the there, and at the same time pray for others who may also be reading this nations of the far East. c. T. B. book, a real circle of prayer will be The Potency of Prayer. A Handbook on created which will mean mighty things Prayer for the Everyday Christian. for God. Pray ye, therefore1" Thomas C. Horton. 192 pp. $1.75. New York. 1928. WM. S. MARQUIS.

Many books on prayer are coming Lutherisches Hissionsjahrbuoh fur das from the press. Many circles for Jahr 1928. Pfarrer Gerber, Missionsunited and intercessory prayer are be- Insp. in Leipzig. Leipzig. H. G. Walling organized. Manifestly there is a baum, Pub. quickened interest on this subject, This is the 41st Year-Book of the both within and without the Church. Saxon Mission Conference. It is a It is an ~mcouraging sign. worthy successor to those of former years. To one who would be informed This book, by the founder of the on the Mission Societies of Germany Bible Institute of Los Angeles, after in general and the Lutheran mission forty years of experience as a groups of the world in particular, preacher, pastor and teacher, has there is nothing to equal it. We would been prepared as "a handbook on not like to miss it from our reference prayer for the. everyday Christian." It is very positive in its teaching and library.

every teaching is supported by Scrip- Beside the current review of mis- ture quotations and references. It is sion events, which it presents every practical and has a wealth of facts to year, as well as the statistical and support the belief in prayer as a real bibliographical reviews, there are a help in life. It is also comprehensive, number of papers of current interest with twenty-six short chapters on the on the Lutheran work in the far East, principles, purpose, privilege, prom- and the discussion of several problems ises, price, power-in fact, all the which are of importance among the more important topics on the subject presentations at Jerusalem. These of prayer. The two last chapters deal points will elucidate the contents of with "The Premillennial Prayer," and this valuable year-book. c. T. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1927 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW oj the WORLD VOL. L OLD SERIES VOL XL NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-In-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 'December, 1927 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. ELLA D. MACLAURIN REV. ENOCH F. BELL REV.•TOHN McDoWELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. P'EAllODY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. PAUL DE ScmWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORIN MRS .•TOHN FERGUSON MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D.

REV. JOHN BAILEY KELI,Y REV••TAY S. STOWELL REV. MlLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. FElNNELL P. TURNER P. H. J. LERRIGO, PH.D. JESSE R. WILBON GRACE LINDLEY REV'. H. E. LUCCCCK, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1927-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW ·PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVEnUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT l!1tEDERICK L. COLVER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President ERIC M. NORTH W ALTF.R McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FLEMING H. REVELL HAB.LAN P. B~ACH GHARLJrS L. WHITE 967 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page China, Railways In …………….•……….. 400 Mexico, Evangelical Mission Stations …….. 180 _ Missions in 1877 ••..•….•.. ; …….•…….• 912 Migrant Workers, Where Crops Are Gathered 433 _ _ In 1Ii27 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• 913 Nanking, China ………………………….. 337 Prayer Circle, World-Wide ………………. 4 Church Attendance in America ………….. 35 Religions, The World's, Today .. December Cover Covenants, Two …••…..•……..••… '.00… 37 Shanghai, China …………………………. 339 Crawford's, Dan, Mission Field •••……….. 724 Spanish-Speaking Population, United States Japan, Missionary gunger Map …•……….. 644 ………………………2nd Cover, September Korea, Church Groups Established by Hos- Uga~da . Protectorate and Surrounding Ter- pital •………•…••…..•.•…….•…••…. 517 ritories ………………………………. 404 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Pa~e Africa, Boys on Bicycle …. 00 ………….. · 423 Episcopal, Church House, New York …… , 904 _ FOUir-Cylinder Motor Car ……………… 425 Gnam, Dorn Hall ………………………… 34£. _ King pweto's Harem compound ……… 495 Hungary, Budapest ………………………. 439 _ Luanza Street …………………………. 497 India, Home Spun in ……………………. 297 ~ Missionary's House ……………………. 424 Indian Women's Sewing Meeting, Arizona .. 575 _ Natives Begging for Evangelist ………. 492 Italian Baptist Church Dispensary ……….. 578 African Ambulance ………………………. 493 Japan, Mr. Muramatsu and Ex-Prisoners ….. 663 _ Evangelist …………………………….. 500 – Prayer Meeting in Zako San's Store….. 658 _ Girls on Way to Market ……………… 116 – Woman's Christian College Graduates ….. 481 _ Soul-Winner' …………………………… 427 Japanese Baptist Church D. V. B. S……… 682 Aggrey James E. K. ……………………. 753 – Baptist Church, Seattle ………………. 684 America, Home Missionaries Traveling in – Children In America …………………. 679 _ ~8~ "':·T;;.iay·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g~ Je~~~'ke~rY!'~~~~d ~r"o~tl~ud;':P~~t: ::: :::: ~~g _ Welcoming Foreigners to, Fifty years Jo, Mrs. Nobu …………………………… 659 Ago and Now …………………………. 886 Kashmir-Lepers' Untainted Children …… 841 American Board Headquarters, Boston ….. 900 Kelker, Rudolph F. .. …………………….. 901 _ _ _ 1877 ……………………………… goo Kobe, Women's Welfare Association Home Appaswamy, Dewan Bahadur, A. S……….. 257 ……………………….. -'" _………. 660, 661 Arab Boy with Long Hair ……………….. 746 Lepe" Asylum Buildings, Champa, India ….. 373 Arabia, castle of Ibn Saoud, Riadh ………. 84 l.~pers in Kashmir-Untainted Children …. 841 _ Ibn Saoud and His Chiefs …………….. 89 Linton, Bishop ……………………………. 23 _ Moslem Women at Hospital ………….. 743 Madagascar, Conference of Protestant .,Mis- _ Iman Women Waiting for Doctor ……. 419 sions ………………………………….. 447 _ Women Waiting for Treatment ………. 93 Me~~can Bapt~st .Kindergarten in Texas ….. 757 _ Young Sheikh at Mission School ……. 745 – Ildren PICkmg Cotton ……………… 437 Arabs Traveling in Persian Gulf ………… 91 – Protestant Chapel, California ………… 691 Bosworth, Benjamin ……………………… 905 MeXICO, Christian Workers in Oaxaca….. . _ Traveling In North, In 1877 …………… 919 -. C.ongregation and Chapel, Rural Evangel- ~r;~!"n~~ftcjr'~~~}r~teB~in~~~as": :: :: :::: ~ ~~~ :;'1 W· . J~al'l …: … 'to" ….•.••…….•….•… .. , 183 _ Students I'n Granberry College ………… 280 — P e sonya IlnW oreks e.r.n…………………………………………… 116814 Bulgaria, Gypsy Mohammedans ………….. 729 – Roman CathOlic Church ……………….. 182 _ Moslem Boys in ………………………… 7Z1 – Women of Oaxaca ………….. '" ……. 194 Chile, Indian Family In …………………. 278 Migrant Workers in California …………. 429 China, Bund of International Settlement, -.Shack of …………………………….. :.431 Shanghai ……………………………… 324 Mmers' Children Sunday-school ……….. 201 _ Clift, Mrs., and Chinese Biblewomen …. 130 Mining Town, Playground in …………… 200 _ Cooks on Day of Prayer ……………… 620 MMlnhneapoIls a Half Century Ago ………… 934 _ Medical MiSSion, Nanning …………….. 128 0 ammedan, Tongan …………………… 125 _ in tbe Making, New …………………. 563 Mongol 01llclal, Old Style ………………… 124 _ Missionary's Shack ……………………. 613 Morion Life In Utah Fifty Years Ago …… 931 _ Nanking University ………. ··· .Frontis, May os em Boys In Bulgaria ………………… 727 _ Nanning, Boat Approaching …………… 126 _ Park Shack ……………………………. &13 — Christian Khutba, Cover of ………….. 29 – ~YPSieS in .Bulgarla …………………… 729 Chinese City in 1877 ……………………… 914 – agazlnes III English …………………. 27 _ _ Today, Hanyang ……………………. 1115 – Mullah Preaching In Kerman ………….. 21 _ Home Mission Field …………………… 8()4 – Women Listening to Gospel in Arabia '" 743 _ Idea of Dead Church …………………. 804 Moslem~ at Prayer in Delhi .. 2nd Cover, October _ Kindergarten, California ………………. 573 – BaptIsed as Cbrlstlans at Bucarest 731 _ School for Boys In 1877 ………………… 916 Mother and Child, Refugee ……….. :::::::: 296 _ _ _ Girls In 192,7 ……………………… 917 New Gnlnea, Audience at an Outstatio,n 205 Clark, FranCis E. . ………………………. 597 – Bible Class at Kwato …………… . ….. 207 Clark N. G. .. …………………………… 905 -. Trophies, Used as Decorations …. :::::::: 203 Coal Miners and Families ……………….. 199 NIgeria, Bura Compound …………………. 114 Coleman,- Mrs. George W. .. ……………… 574 – School at Garkida …………………….. 113 Colombia, Indian Raft …………………… 277 – Woman and Child …………….. 115 Community Meeting of Coal Miners …….. 199 Palestine, Farmer's Market ………… ::::···· 825 Conference of Christian Missions to Jews, Paraguay, View of Asuncion ……………. 513 Budapest ……………………………… 441 ParB;guayan Exoress ………………….. :::: 01?'

pPea~ttliae-CCh. rSItSotcikadnalPe School Girls 2:t = Crawford, Dan. and His Successor………. 491 astor of Isfaha ; ;' :::: ::::: 605 26 Crawford, Dan, Holding Baptismal Service .. 484 i~~~' :.,~t~ha:~n~u~cfo~r~~e··G~·s·p~i·::::::::::: N~;:mR~{e r-;~w .::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: … ~~ _ Students In Mission School, Cairo ……. 749 pPiilelrslon'HArtAhuKr T. .. ………………….. :: .. 897 EI Paso Conference on Mexican Relations … 1]() a , . . rlshna …. '" ……………… 259 Ellinwood, Francis Field …………………. 901 Presbyterian Board Rooms in 1877 ………… 902 968 Page Page Uganda, C. M. S. School, N'Gora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Presbyterian Missionary Headquarters Today 903 – King Receiving Guests ………………… 412 Protestant Episcopal Headquarters, New – Kivebulaya, Canon Apolo …….. : ……… 417 – Memorial to Christian Boys …………… 418 York ………………………………….. 904 – Mission School at Kampala ……… , …… 414 Reformed Church Building in 1877 ……….•. 902 – – Headquarters, Philadelphia …… , …•• 904 United States and Mexico Bounaary………. 689 "Review," First Issue of the ……..••..••••• 896 – – Lumbermen In West. ………………… 436 Rumania, Religious Training School. ……… 728 – – Upper Big Horn School, Montana …….. 577 – Moslems Baptised Christians, Bucarest. … 731 Uruguay, Crandon Institute Graduates …….. 281 Russia-Soviet "Bible" ………………….. 327 WErst Virginia D. V. B. S ………………. 593 Sicily-Waldensian Church ………………. 759 – – Pattie C. Stockdale Students ………… 506 Sherwood, James M………………………. 898 Wilder, Royal G. .. ………………………. 895 South America., Igazu River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Williams, John E. .. …………………….. 330 South Sea Islanders, Native Teaching Bible 564 Yusufjl, Habib ……………………………. 118 Stanley, Henry M" Letter from ………….. 411 Sudan, Open-Air School …………………. 644 AUTHORS Page Page Abel, Russell ……………………………. 203 MacLaurin, Ella D ……………………….. 688 Agar, F. A. .. ……………………………. 292 Marquis, .John A …………………………. 927 McCullough, Esther Mary ………………… 679 Aitchison, Estelle S. .. …………………… 935 McConneiJ, ~'rancis .J. …………………… H Anderson, R. P. .. ………………………. 596 McDowell, .John ………………………. 197, 565 BaIrd, Elizabeth Strang …………………. 668 ~m~r, ~~uk. C.~~~.. ::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: ~i~ Bartholomew, Allen R. …………………… 899 Bates, Searle …………… , ……………… 58'; Montgc.mery, Heden Barrett ……………… 5,0 Morgan, G. Campbell ………………….. 84:1 Beach, Harlan, P ……………………… 102, 209 ~iE~{;~~t.R~:.::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i Behareil, Margaret J ……………………… 844 Oldfield, W. H. ………………………… 43, 514 Bell, Edith Mae ………………………….. 860 Oldham. J. H …………………………….. 838 Oliver, Mary Edith P …………………….. 541 Bowie. W. Russell ………………………… 542 ~r~~haIi::f~h~·.:::::::: :::::::::::::::: ::::::: ~f~ Brain, Belle M……….. 410, '533, 615, 699, 770, 856 Peabody, Lucy W ………………………… 906 Braskamp, 0.' ………………………….608, 823 ~:~~er~· pW'A:":::::::::::: ::: ::: :::::::::::::: ~ft Brokaw, Harvey .. , ………………………. 651 i?E~~~I~:~:.··~:::.::::::::::::::::::::::: :~~,: ~: Brown, Arthur Judson …………………… 831 Riggs, Charles T …………………………. 343 Browning, Webster E …………………. 277, 511 Rindge, Fred Hamilton …………………… 199 Brummitt. Mrs. Dan B. . ………………….. 765 Robertson, A. T., …………………………. 518 Burgess, Thomas …………………………. 689 Rockefeller, John D. .. …………………… 291 Burton, J. W …………………………….. 761 Carroll, H. K. …………………………. , 449 ~:~~,ansu~~~laA·… : :: :::: :::::: :: :: :::: :: :: ::::: ~~ Clift, H. Lechmere ……………………….. 126 Chu, Mrs. T. C………………………….. 13& Semp,le, Helen Merrick …………………… 858 Cobb, F. W. .. ……………………………. 7'55 Semple, Mrs. Samuel ……………………. 53 Cochran, Mrs. J. P ……………………….. 828 Shann, Lettice M. . ……………………….. 841 Corey, Stephen J …………………………. 921 Sheets. H. J. .. …………………………… 764 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. ……………………….. 49 Shields, Louise F. . ………………………. 429 Dame, L. P. … .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … … 89 Dana, Malcolm ………………………….. 353 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. H. .. ………………… 534 Dawson, Joseph M………………………… 757 Singh, Sadhu SU1J.dar …………………..13. 7!i1 Detweiler, Charles S ……………………… 139 Smith, Arthur H. .. ……………………… 912 Doctor, Ethel R. ………………………….. 193 Sparling, G. W ……………………….. 107, 611 Doggett, R. Ethel ………………………… 411 . Speer, Robert E …………………..173, 251, ;;99 Elder. E. E. . …………………………… 749 Etheridge, H. A …………………………… 290 Spining, C. M. . …………………………… 839 Eulette, Mrs. Clayton D. . ………………… 451 Staudt, Calvin K. . ……………………….. 747 Ewing, J. C. R …………………………… 599 Stewart, Anna Belle …………………. 503, 5~1 Ferguson, John ………………………….. 33 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… 2 4 Fleming, Daniel J. . ……………………. 809 Stuntz, Homer C. .. ………………………. 293 Fleming, Elizabeth Cole …………………. 221 Taylor, Nonnan W. .. …………………… 181 Fletcher, A. G. .. ………………………515, &76 Thomssen. G. N. .. ………………………. ?64 Gilbert, G. B. …………………………….. 50 Tllsley, G. E. .. …………………………… 4Q1 Gillies, Robert ………………………. 214, 428 Goforth, Jonathan ………………………. 645 Titus, Murray T. ………………………… 27 Goodman. Frederic S. . …………………… 759 Towart. William G……………………….. 697 Gordon, S. D. .. ………………………….. 732' Ts'a.!. HsUeh Meng ………………………. 848 Gribble, Florence N………………………. 423 Harrison, Paul W. . …………………. .419, 821 ~~f~n'M!n7A."::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3~~ Hartness, Marion E. . ……………………. ,47 Haskin, Frederick J. . …………………… 763 Vance. Mrs. R. G. .. …………………….. 860 Hayne, Coe …………………………….110, 342 Van Dyke. Henry ……………………….. ~4· Helland, M. A. . ………………………….. 446 Vincent, W. J. …………………………… 49 Helser, Albert D. . ……………………….. 113 WaJiace, William ………………………… 186 Hennigar, E. C…………………………… 664 Warnshuis, A. L. ………………………… on Hestenes, John M. ………………………… 5~ Watson, Charles R. . ……………………… 273 High, Stanley …………………………….. 507 Weeks, Lillian M…………………………. !l19 Wells. Amos R. …………………………… 287 Hm, William Bancroft …………………… 814 Wheaton, Gertrude Cody ………………… 219 Hinman, George W. .. …………………….. 9~5 Wherry, E. M. .. …………………….. 521, 003 Holden, .J. Stuart ……………………….. 539 White, J. CampbeJi ………………………. 9 Hume, Edward H …………………………. 3~7 Wickes, A. F. ……………………………. 18 Hume, Robert A. ………………………… 15 Wilder, Robert P …………………………. 895 Hunter. G. W. .. ………………………… 123 Wilson, P. Whitwell …………………….. 7~7 Irish, Leigh F. .. …………………………. 824 Winsborough, Mrs. W. C. ……………….. 95 .Judd, Mrs. Orrin R ……………………….. 573 YusufH, Habib …………………………… 117 Kawai, Michi …………………………….. 538 Zwelller, Samuel M. ……….19, 195, 439, 669, 725 King, J. G………………………………. 288 Lane, Harriet ……………………………. 846 I,ewis, Amy G……………………………. 774 Lindsay, Mrs. F. F. .. …………………… 349 Lucas, E. D. . ………………………….. :, 444

INDEX

SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia-Islam Spreads in ……………..• 229 Assam-"Hand-Grlp Ol'ferings" ………….. 71 – Rome's Influence in …………………… 866 ASia, Gospel in Central …………………… 708 Abyssinian Frontiers Mission …………712, 948 Asia's Need-And the Need of All Men …… 165 Africa-Basel Mission on the Gold Coast. … 626 Athens School of Rellgion …………… 548, 714 – Bihle Students in the Congo ………….. 712 Australian Aborigines, Work for ………… 784 – Books for Sahara Oases ……………… 463 – Children in the Cameroun Church …….. 867 Austrian Jews Turn Christians ……………. 226 – Christians on Police Force ………….. 152 – Conversion of a Wife-Beater, A. B. Pat-, – Sunday-schools ………………………… 624 terson …………………………………. 374 Baluchistan, Slaves Freed in ……………. 553 – Ex-Cannihals Give for Bibles ………….. 549 – Growth of Cameroon Schools ………….. 463 Baptist Missionary Program ……………… 63 – Kru Coast, Spiritual Growth ……… ;…. 153 – Methodism in North …………………… 229 Basel Mission on the Gold Coast ………… 6"6 – Methodist Progress .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. 315 – Moslem Teacher Driven Out ………….. 68 – – Today ……………………………….. 548 – Moslems in Morocco, Preaching ………. 152 – "New Creation" on the Niger ………… 464 Beirut University Staff ………………….. 867 – New Day for. North ……………………. 866 – – Schools in Kenya Colony .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 626 Best Methods. Mrs. E. C. Cronk………… 49 – No School Because of Lions ………….. 69 – Pioneering in French, Florence M. Gribble 423 Best Methods …… 290, 451, 533, 693, 765, 850, 935 – Slaves in Portuguese …………………. 549 Bible, Blind Moslems Study ……………… 2~9 – Spiritual Growth on Kru Coast ………. 153 – Tithers in the Congo …………………. 68 – Campaign in Hawaii. ………………….. 147 – Uganda Mission Jubilee ……………… lO3 – Young Christian Pioneers ……………… 314 – Coach in Argentina ……… , ………….. 65 African Chiefs of Many Sorts ………….. 230 – Christian Mothers …………………….. 230 – Coaches," Further Use of ……………. 475 – Christian Women ………………………. 229 – Church Officers ………………………… 792 – Depot in Constantinople ……………….. 231 – Dwarfs, Open Door to …………………. 464 – Education, Experiment in, F. W. Cobb …. 755 – for Buddhist Lama…………………….. 4b9 – Funeral Transformed …………………. 791 -'- "Gospel Van," South …………………. 315 – – Papuan Christians …………………. 874 – King, Medical Treatment for ………….. 626 – in l!.speranto ………………………….. 61 – Languages and Cultures, Institute of …. 223 – Natives, Training South ……………….. 69 – – Mexico ………………………………. 224 – Race Councils, South …………………. 627 – Schoalboys, Records of ……………….. 314 – – Modern Armenian ………………….. 316 – Wife, Nyeke, a West …………………. 848 – Lands, Christian Council ……………… 776 – Woman a Deacon ………………………. 867 – Read in India' …………………………. 778 African's Record ………………………… 391 Aggrey, J. E. K., African Christian, H. W. – ::it. Mark in Tibetan …………………. 144 Peet ……………………………………. 753 – Through Chinese Eyes, W. H. Oldfield …. 514 Alaska, Jubilee of Missions in ……….1545, 876 Bibles, l<1x-Cannibals Give for ……………. 549 – Native Brotherhood …………………… 240 – Radio Missionary in …………………… 957 – for Moslem Theologues …………… 00 ….. 465 Algiers, Opportunities in …………………. 712 – Given to New Citizens …………………. 413 Amazon, Colportage on the ……………… 547 – in Latin America, More ……………….. 630 America, AppreCiation of, Michi Kawai …. 538 – No Hope for America, El{cept-, John Mc- – – Manchuria. Selling …………………. 708 Blind Moslems Study Bible ……………… :029 Dowell. ………" ………………………… 197 – Religious Privileges for the ………….. 46~ – Nomad Workers in, Louise F. Shields …. 429 BOlivian Boy Accepts Christ ……………. 311 American Bible SOCiety Jubilee, .Japan …… 237 – ChurChes for 1926. Progress of H. K. Car- – Indian Chur<;h ………………….. 00 ….. 476 Boys of the World ………………………. 667 roll …………………………………… 449' Brahman Became a Christian, Why a, J. – Dolls Reach Japan …………………….. 306 – Indian Appeal to President ……………. 876 C. R. Ewing ………………………….. 599 – – Christian Leaders ………………..309, 876 – – Girl's Questions …………………….. 240 Brahmans Ask for Preaching ……………. fl53 – – Pastor's Reply ……………………… 635 – Dramatic Testimony …………………… 629 – – SchOOlS, Religious Work Directors ….. 703 – Indians, Ask Help for ……………….. 474 Brazil, Believers in Western ……………. 65 – -' Excuses … " ……………. " ……….. , 786 – Colporteur, Fearless …………………… 225 – – Trained Christian ………………….. 387 – Peacemaker in China …………………. 382 – IllitEll"acy, League to Combat ………….. 150 – Side of the Rio Grande,' Thomas Burgess 689 America's Plight and the Remedy ……….. 245 – Newspaper Evangelism in ……………. 636 AnatoJla College, New ……………………. 8fl8 Anti-Christian Agitation, in South China, W. – "Privilege of Being Arrested" ………… 310 – Sunday-school, "People's Institute" ……. 283 H. Oldfield ……………………………… 43 – "Twice-Born Man" …………………….. 475 Appaswamy, Dewan Bahadur A. S., H. A. Brazilian Anti-Protestants ……………….. 547 Popley …………………………….. 256, 366 Appeal, The Missionary, Fifty Years Ago – Preacher in Portugal …………………. 625 – S. S. Progress ………………………… 388 and Now …………………………….. 921 Arab Views on Palestine ………………….. 69 – Woman's Outlook ………………………. 864 – Interest in the Bible …………………. 394 British GUiana, Racial Groups in ………… 311 Arabia, Loyal Witness in …………………. 394 .- Medical Missions in, L. P. Dame ………. 89 – Missionary Finances …………………… 624 – – Trip to Kateef, PaUl W. Harrison ….. 821 Budapest, World Conference at, Samuel M. – Touring with Christ in, Paul W. Harrison 419 – Women's Hospital in Bahrain …………. 466 Zwemer ……………………………….. 439 Arabs, Among Nomad, Leigh F. Irish …….. 824 Buddhist Lama, Bible for ……………….. 469 Argentina, "Bible Coach" in …….. : …….. 66 – Bible, Weekly Payments for ……. '……. Iii() – Missionaries to America ………………. 145 Armenian, Bible In Modern,,::………………. 311i Bulgaria, American Schools in ………….. 790 – Opportunity in ………………………… 226 – Schools in Sofia, New Buildings for …. 227 Burma, Chinese Christians in ……………. 395 – Judson College ………………………… 156 – Karens Must Share Gospel ……………. 870 Burmese Preaching Laymen ……………. 870 – Women, Church Work of ……………… 234 Canadians Take Angola Work ………….. 391 Cannibalism in the Sudan ……………….. 314 Cannibals Now Christians, Miao ………… 382 g:ai:!esss;~ner U~ge, ~. D .. Gordon ………. 732 y, IOUS Situatlon Ill ……………. 710 – Union Chapel ………………………….. 870 Chattergee, Kali Charan, J. C. R. Ewing …. 599 Chautauqua, Missionary …………………. 328 Chile, Important School in ……………….. 636 – New Opportunities in, C. M. Splning…. 839 – Soldiers' Gospel Mission ……………….. 864 – – Transformed " ……………………. '" 715 – Status of Priests in …………………… 388 Chilean Woman, Influence of ……………… 150 -ChWomen Help Prisoners ……………….. 715 ina and the Christian Church, Robert E.

-160~~in"~~' "di'::::::::::::::::: :: :::: :: :::: ::: ~~ ~ and the Missionary Program ……….. , 247 Page Page China, Anti-Christian Agitation in South, W. Chinese Women's Organizations ………….. 872 H. Oldfield ……………………………. 43 – Youth. Prayer of a ……………………. 72 Christ Without Christianity. William Ban- _ Boxer Times and Today ……………… 168 _ Boy's Ideals of Citi~enship ………….. 304 croft Hill ……………………………… 814 Christian Endeavor Convention, All-Europe 865 _ Canton School Has Celebration ………… 630 – – – Shanghai …………………………. 780 _ Cantonese at ·Boone University ………… 305 – – in Egypt ……………………………. 15:1 – – – Spain …………………………….. 789 _ Captive, Time Well Spent as a ………. 304 – – Society Leads to Church ……………. 76 – – World Commissions. Three ………….. 792 _ Chinese View of Situation in, Paul Chih – Endeavorer. Siamese ………………….. 235 Meng …………………………………… 331 – – in Prison, Filipino ……………….. 146 Church and Y. M. C. A, Cooperation …….. 239 _ Christian Colleges, Dr. Sun's Son on …… 554 – Architecture, Interpretation of. A. F. _ _ Workmen Organize …………………. 631 Wickes ……………………………….. 58 _ Chungking Christians Carry On ………. 554 – Attendance, John Ferguson ……………. 33 – Membership. Losses in …………………. 716 _ Church Activities in Paotlng ………….. ,07 – of England in India …………………… 156 Clark. Francis E .• R. P. Anderson …….. 563. 596 _ Coolie's Devotion, Ricksha ……………. 142 Coal Mining. Human Factor in. Fred Ham- _ Cultivating an Understanding with ….. : .. 409 _ Education More Chinese, Making Chris- ilton Rindge ………………………….. 199 Colombia. Church Self-Support in ………. 788 tian, Mrs. T. C. Chu ……………….. 136 – School for Boys in Bogota ………….. 647 Colombia's So-called Prophet …………….. 958 – Fifty Years of Protestant Missions, Arthur 12 Colombian Boys in Bible Study ………… 475 H. Smith ………. ,., …………………. 9 Colporteurs "Endure Hardness" ………….. 558 Colver. Frederick L .• Death of ……………. 894 _ Flood Going to School in a ……………. 143 Comity …………………………………… 460 _ Foochow's Governor Reads Bible …….. 236 Conference on Conferences. Third. Mrs. Sam- _ Gospels Given to Bandits ……………. 871 _ Hunanese Pastor Murdered ……………. 781 uel Semple ……………………………. 53 _ Loyalty in Hunan, Christian ………….. 72 – – Faith and Order …………………… 637 – – Jewish Work. World ……………….. 170 – Martyrs in Shansi …………………… yO!. Conferences. New Day for. Eulla Rossman 378 Congregational Home Missions ………….. 239 _ Missionary, Function of the ………… "3~ – Reorganization ………………………… 635 _ Missions Today and Tomorrow. Edward Country Community and the Country Church, H. Hume ……………………………… 337 Malcolm Dana …………………………. 353 _ Nanking. Ordeal of. Searle Bates .: …… 58ii Cooperation. Church and Y. M. C. A……. 239- _ Nanning. City of, H; Lechmere Chft …. 126" – Foreign Missionary . . …… .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 86 _ National Christian Council ………….. 142 – In Home Missions ………………….88, 807 _ Outlook for Christianity in. Jonathan Costa Rica, Greater Freooom in ………… 863 Crawford, Dan, and His Work. G. E. Tilsley 491 Goforth .. :…………………………….. 645 Creed for Everyman …………………… 520 _ Present Situation, A. L. Warnshuis …… 55 – – Missionary SOCieties, Mary A. Vale .. 352 _ Quest for God in. Harlan P. Beach …… 200 Cronk. Katharine Scherer ………… 249. 294, 517 _ "Reformatories" So-Called ……………. 872 Cronk Memorials, Mrs. E. C………….. .408. 534 _ Revival in Chihli …, ………………… 554 Cuba, Union Church of Havana ………… 224 _ Schoolboys Give for 'India ……………. 73 Czecho-Slovakia. Churches in ……………. 789 _ Selling Bibles to Bandits ……………. 468 Daily Vacation Bible Schools ……………. 157 _ Shanghai C. E. Convention ………….. 7sg DEATHs-Adams. Eleanor S. . …………….. 163 _ _ Missionary School …. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 63 – Bell. Ezra K. .. ……….3d Cover. November _. Aggrey. J. E. K. .. …………………. 641 _ Social Reform' Campaign ……………… 653 _ Standards for a Husband …………… 73 – Baron. David ……… ………………….. 3 – Burrell. David James …. 3d Cover. February _ Szechuan Province. Evacuation of. Geo. – Clark. Francis E. . ……………………. 483 W. Sparling ………………………….. 611 – Colver, Frederick L. . ………………… 894 – Cousins. George ………………………… 3 _ Union and Disunion ……………………. 892 – Elsing, William T. . ……………………. 723 _ Vice Christians Fighting ……………… 72 – Forsyth. David D. …………………… 3 _ Pion'eer Work. Marie Park ………….. 612 – Fritchley. E. W. .. …………………….. 408 _ What Christ· Would Say to ……………. 871 – Fulton, Mary Hannah …………………. 163 _ Why One School Closed. By the American – Green, Mr•. Margaret Williams ………… 403 – Guiness, Whitefield ……………………… 483 Teacher ……………………………….. 606 – Hall, William H. .. ………………….. , 163 – Herrick, George l<~. …………………… 3 _ Y. M. C. A. Property ………. ·········· 468 – Hodder-Williams, Ernest ……………… 483 _ Y. W. C. A. Year's Gain ……………. 73 – Holmes, Mary Caroline ……………….. 408 – King, Goorge E. . ……………………… 723 Chinese Answered. Anti-Christian ………. 590 – MacNair. Mrs. Theodore M. . …………. 641 _ Christian Business Man ………………… 380 – McClure, William G. .. ……………….. 403 _ _ Endeavorers …………………………. 142 – McQuere, William …………………….. 723 _ _ Layman. G. W. Sparling ………….. 107 – Morse. Richard CoO …..3d Cover, Februarv _ _ Newspaper ………………………….. 142 – Reed, Orville …………………………. 9ElS _ _ Sermon, HSlleh Meng Ts'ai ………… 848 – Reid, Gilbert …………. 3d Cover, November _ _ Unknown, Robert Gillies ……………. 214 – Riggs, Mrs. Alfred ………….. .. .. .. . … 483 _ Christians Courageous ………………… 871 – Ryan, Arthur C. .. …………………….. 641 _ – in Burma ………………………….. 395 – Scanlon, Charles ………………………. 323 _ _ – the Present· 'Crisis ……………….. 584 – Stalker, James ………………………… 323 – Wherry. Ellwood M…….3d Cover, Novemb€r – Church. Crises in ……………………… 589 – Young, S. Hall. ………………………… 723 _ Clergymen. New ………………………. 780 Devolution, Another Side of ……………… 302 _ Colleges, News from …………………… 707 Disciples' Missionary Work ……………… 62 _ Colporteurs and Bandits, O. Braskamp .. 608 – Tibetan Mission ……………………….. 144 _ Comments on the Chnrch .. ……………. 72 Doll Messenger. to Japan …………….306. 471 – Debt to Mission Schools ……………….. 953 Doshisha, Covenant for a New ………….. 556 _ Elder's Tithe ……………………………. 304 – Revival in ……………………………. 706 _ Eyes, Bible Through, W. H. Oldfield …… 514 _ Father and His Sons, O. Braskamp …… 823 Dutch, Can You Beat the, Samuel M. _ Gifts for Bible Schools ……………….. 143 Zwemer ……………………………….. 195 – Girls in California …………………….. 786 – Home Missionary Work ………………. 953 East and the West. Sadhu Sundar Singh ]3 – in Korea, Reaching …………………… 706 Ecuador. Native Church in ………………. , 864 _ Mail-Carrier. Robert Gillies ………….. 428 _ Manifesto, Remarkable ……………….. 483 Education, Filipinos ·Eager {I!f ., …• , ..,.,.,.,., .. 76 .,- Message to Missionaries ……………….. 581 -Mission Funds ………………………… 554 – Missions in the Balance ……………….. 405 – Moslems, Friends of …………………… 781 _ Recommendation as to Missions ………. 609 – Religion Seen Through Chinese Proverbs Harlan P. Beach …………………….. 102 _ Studying Economics .. , ….. 305 0 …………… – Tribute to Y. M. C. A…………………. 381 _ Turmoil and Missions Reports ………. 131 – Situation. in China. PaUl Chih Merig …… 331 – Wowen Pri~e~ibles …… " ………………. 469 Page Pal?"e Education in China, More Chinese, Making KawaU, "Where East and West Meet" .•••• 543 Christian, Mrs. T. C. Chu ……………… 136 Hawaiians, Orientals and, Geo. W. Hinman 945 – – Day Schools, Experiment in Mission- Heroes, World's Youth Names ……………. 317 ary, Edith M. Bell …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 850 Hindu Regard for Animal Life ………….. 302 – – Law Observance …………………..•.. 239 – New Era in Missionary ……………… 54Q – Students Exalt Service ……………….. 394 Educational Advance In South America …… 459 "Hinduism at Its Crudest" ……………… 303 Egypt, Assiut Church Gains Members …….. 313 – Cairo Students In Training ………….. 549 – Great Lack in ………………………. 869 – Christian Endeavor in ……..•……….. 152 – Moslem Builds a Church ……………. 392 – Ideal vs Real in, G. N. Thomssen …….. 264 – Purity Tracts in Cairo, A. T. Upson…….. 38 – Social Evils of ………………………. 778 – Sunday-schools in Coptic Church …….. 463 Egyptian Hospital Overcomes Hostility …… 791 Hindus Desire Clean Hearts ………•…….. 868 Egyptians Directing Sunday-schools …….. 68 – "HI-Y" Movement, Growth of ………… 541 England, London Student Campaign …….. 390 – Sunday Amusements in ……………… 713 Home Conditions That Hinder Work Abroad English Churches Unite, Two ……………. 789 Mrs. F. F. Lindsay …………………. 349 – International House …………………… 789 Esperanto as Y. W. C. A. Language …… ,. 557 – Mission Field, Greatest ……………….. 488 – Bible in ……..•……………………….. 61 – Missionary on the Foreign Field. Coe Essential Character of the Christian Mes- Hayne ………………………………… 342 sage, John McDowell …………………. 565 – Missions, Adequate Program for, Jay Europe, All-Europe C. E. Convention …….. 865 S. Stowell ……………………………. 284 – "Y. M. C. A." in Central ……………. 67 European Churches, Loan Fund for …….. 66 – – Congregational ……………… , …….. 239 – – Work Together …………………….. 865 Federal Council Executives ……………… 147 – – Cooperation in …….. I • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 007 Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Home Missions, Half Century of Progress, John A. Marquis ……………………… 927 Missions, Annual Meeting ……………. 375 Feng, Marshall …………………………… 650 Hungarian Laws of Conduct ………….. 31Y Iceland, Sunday Schools in ……………….. 226 Fifty Years of Fruitful Service, Mrs. Orrin If By Any Means We May Save Some, R. Judd ….•……………………………. 573 Lucie G. Owen ………………………. 36.~ Immigrants, Fillpino …………………….. 64 Filipino Endeavorers in Prison ………… 146 – Evangelistic Tour •……………………. 634 Indemnity, Board Claims No ……………. 717 – Pastors, Training ……………..•…….•. 385 India, Ahmednagar Training School………. 70 – Youth, Training ……..•…………..•….. 543 Filipinos Eager for Education ………….. 76 – Appeal of Jesus Christ to, Robert A. Finnish and Danish Missions ……………. 151 Hume …………………………………. 15 Foreign Missions,. Can We Dispense With, – Bible Study Popular …………………… 395 Stanley High …………………………. 507 – – Interest in, Helen Barrett Montgomery 570 – Bishop Azarlah Asks for Help …….. 552 France, Materialism In Modern ………… 548 – Bleeding Pillar as Text ……………… 234 Free Thinkers' Appeal Denied ………….. 644 Friends in Russia, Service of ……………. 152 – Christian Headman's Wife ……………. 395 From Mohammed to Christ. Habib Yusufji 117 – Church of England …………………… 156 Gandhi, Waning InflUence of ……………. 467 – Devolution, Another Side of ……•….. 30~ German Celibate Women Clergy ………… 790 – Foes of Christianity …………………… 7,8 – Church Regains Strength ……………. 865 Germany, Amusements in ………………•. 714 – From Criminal Tribe to Ministry …….. 5.')2 – Church Membership in ………………•. 714 – Roman Catholics in …………………… 625 – God at Work In Punjab ……………….. 779 Gifts. Pan-American Children's ………… 389 – Hears from Tuskegee ……………….. 467 Ginling College, China …………………… 457 – High-Castes Buy Bibles ……………….. 466 Give for Africa. Japanese ……….. , …… 612 – Nothing for Missions. Who Should …… 672 – Hospital Patient's Prayer ……………. 155 – This Year to Missions. How Much …… 580 -' to Missions, Why Every Church Should 290 – Jesus the "Avatar" for ……………….. 709 – What Can I ………………………….. 820 – Jones' Meetings, Dr. Stanley ……..71.234 – Why Do You ………………………… 291 Giving and Decaying Churches ………… ?92 – KilIlng by Purdah Gas ……………….. 709 – AposUe's Plan of …………………….. 292 – Chinese Gifts for Bible Schools …….. 143 – Moga School ………………………….. 394 – Chineoe Schoolboys Give for India …… 73 – Mohammedan'S Appeal ………………… 779 – "Hand-Grip Offerings" in Assam …….. 71 – Meeting of the Coins …………………. 76 – National Christian Council ……………. 233 – My Money Creed, Homer C. Stuntz…….. 293 – Pocketbook Heroism …………………… 290 – Ninety Years in Saharanpur ………….. 629 – Principles of. Some, John D. Rockefeller 291 – Scriptural Standards of ……………….. 293 – Organizing Christian Villages ………… 709 – Tithers in the Congo …………………. 68 – Outcastes Transformed ………………… 700 Gospel in a Japanese Prison ………….. 74 – Korean Lepers Spread the ………….. 75 – Railway but No Gospel ……………… 466 Great Britain's Drink Bill …..•…….•. , 548 Greece, Athens School of Religion ………. 714 – Reaching Men of Many Faiths …….•.. 629 – Corinth, Transformation of …..•………. 151 – Reading Bible ………………………… 778 – Merger of Tnterests in ……………….. 67 – Refug""s Farming in ……………….. 312 – School Prepares the Way ……………. 628 – "Zoi" Brotherhood in …………………. 390 – Schools, Village ………………………. 155 Guatemala Mission Imitated ……………… 546 – Prayer Answered in …………………. 787 – Slavery Contract In Rajputana ………… 869 Gufttema1an Christian, Notable ………… :.475 – Christians, Trusted ……………………. 863 – Slaves In Nepal, Freed ……………… 233 Hartzell Training School …………………. 228 – Students Pray for Law Enforcement In Have Christians a Vital Message? Arthur America ………………………………. 297 Judson Brown ………………………… 831 – Taken for Kidnappers, H. J. Sheets …….. 764 HawaU, Bible Campaign in ……………… 147 – Tithers in the Punjab ……………….. 467 – Boys' School in Honolulu ………….. 238 – ll'aster Morning' in· Honolulu ….. ; ….. ::. 473 – Vacation Bible Schools ……………….. 466 – No Race Problem …………………….'. 385 – Village Girl's Witness …………………. 552 Indian Bible Class Popular ……………… 63 – Christian Light-Bearer, H. A. Popley 256, 366 – -M Literature, More . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. … 629 – Ovement f,or Unity …………………… 551 – Ph!lanthroplsts ………………………… 302 – TrIbute to Christ …………………….. 552 -1 dVillageS Changed, South ……………… 779 n ians Conduct a ColJege ……………… 71 Ind~a's Attitude to the Church ………… 232 – Natio!'al Christian Council, E. D. Lucas .. 444 Jndo-Chma. Le~dership in ……………….. 144 Industrial MiSSiOn, Zambesi ……………… 392 Ind~otry and Missions …………………… 1'57 InstItute of Pacific Relations. Missions at the, Daniel J. Fleming ………….-……. 809 Tnterdenominational Evangelism ………… 716 Interrac!al C~operation, Gain in ………… 636 – RelatIons m Chicago …………………. 386 Iraq, Colporteurs AttaCked in Nejf ………. 711 – Open Hous~ In Baghdad ……………… 778 Irish Colportage Association ……………. 714 Tslam SPreads In AbYssinia ……………. 320"89 Island_, Burled "the Jesus Way" …………

– C. E. Society Leads to Churcb 76 – South Seas, Centenary In ….:::.::.•.: ….:.::. 75 Page Page Islands, Unusual Teacher at Kusaie …… 634 Latin America, Missions, Legitimacy of Evangelical, WebstCil' E. Browning •… 277 – White Ribbon Women in Niue, Margaret J. Beharell ……………………………. 844 Latin American Mission, Methodist ………. 473 Latvia, Christian Federation in ………….. 2"7 Japan, Battle for Purity in, E. C. Hennigar 664 – Riga '1 abernacle Dedicated ……………. 313 – Bible Society Jubilee …………………. ~37 Law Observance, Education in ………….. 239 Layman, Chinese Christian, G. W. Sparling 107 – Christian Students in Tokyo ………….. 633 League of Nations and Religion ………… 61 Leper Asylum Well-Conducted, P. A. Penner 371 – – Women in Kyoto …………………. 383 Lepers at Talku, Healing ……………… 384 – in Srinagar, Kashmir, Helping, Lettice M. – Doll Messengers ……………………306, 471 Shann ………………………………… 841 – Earthquake, Another …………………. 245 – Japanese Christian …………………….. 303 – Spread Gospel in Korea ……………… 75 – Editor's Tribute ………………………. 7()5 L~prosy in the West Indies ……………. 546 Liberia's Progress, Plans for ……………. 791 – Fresh Impressions of, Robert E. Speer .. 173 Literature for Moslems, Christian, Murray – Fruit After Many Years ……………. 7h2 – Fruite of Evangelism …………………. !lI3 T. Titus ……………………………… 27 – Gospel Btill "Good News" ……………. 505 London Missionary SOCiety Jubilee in Africa 549 – Ka;;awa's School for Farmers ………… 471 Lutherans Consolidate Boards ……………. 63 – Newspaper .h.vangelism …………….145. 237 Madagascar, Conference in, M. A. Helland 44() – "No Uirls Here" ………………………. 74 – Women Transformed ………………….. 712 – Retigious Ke6ulation Bill, No ………… 38" Manchuria, Selling Bibles in ……………. 708 – "Second . Mile Club" …………………… 306 Manchurian Troops, Sermon for ………… 306 – Unlinished Task in, Harvey Brokaw …… 651 Medical-Hospital Evangelism In Korea …… 75 – Unrest in ……………………………… 701) – MiSSions in Arabia, Results of, L. P. Dame 89 – Woman's Progress In …………………. 7()5 – Treatment for an African King ………. 626 Japanese-American Christians ………….. 7b6 – Trip to Kateef, Arabia, P. W. Harrison 821 – »ttend Tent Meetings …………………. 3)6 Mennonites Go to Paraguay ………… 389, 511 – Christians Are Doing in Kobe, What, Men's Church League …………………… 956 Mesopotamia, (See Iraq) Colporteur Wins Susan A. Searle …………………….. 658 – Give for Africa …………………….. 632 His Freedom …………………………. 316 – m America, New Life for, Esther Mary – Evangelistic EIlIort in Mosul . . . . . . . . . . .. 551 – MOSlem and Jew Study Bible ………. 868 McCuliough …………………………… 679 – New Center In HllIah ……………….. ~32 – on bplrituaJ Outlook In Japan ………… 144 Message, Have Christians' a Vital, Arthur – Peers and Christianity ……………… 774 – "rison, Gospel in …………………….. 74 Judson Brown ………………………… 831 – KebUl<es Tourists ………………………. 470 Methodist Financial Goals ……………….. 62 – Sees Americans, As a …………………. 383 – Latin-American Mission ………………. 473 – Social Outcasts …………………………,,74 – Progress in Africa …………………… 315 – Soldier Loyal to Christ ……………….. 383 METHoDs-Burton's Book, Miss, Mrs. Dan – – Seeks "a Bible Life" ……………… 470 – StuUtmt Convention ………………….. ~39 B. Brummitt ………………………….. 767 – Villages, Evangelizing .. , …………….. 555 – Cavert's Book, a Pageant, Mrs. Dan B. Japan's Religious Attitude ……………….. 873 Jerusalem, Bible House in ……………… 465 Brummitt ……………………………… 765 Jew and Moslem Study Bible ………….. 868 – Christian Centers, John M. Hestenes …… 62 Jewish Attitude to Christ, New ………… 316 – ChUrch on Wheels, W. J. Vincent …….. 49 – Convert's Examination ……………….. 393 – How To and Not How Not To, Mrs. Clay- – Girls Accepting Christ …………………. 308 – Work, World Conference on …………… 170 ton D. Eulette ………………………… 451 Jews. Christian Message to the, Samuel M. – in Stewardship ………………………… 290 – Mexicans in the U. S., Reaching …….. 50 Zwemer ……………………………….. 439 – Missi(}n Library ……………………….. 856 – Turn Christian, Austrian ……………. 226 – Mission Study Text Books, Using the, Jones, Stanley, in South India ………..71, 234 J ubi/ee, The Missionary Review of the Edith M. Bell …………….,.,…………. 852 – Missionary Education in Day SChools, World ……………………………….. 7, 807 Kagawa on Christianity in Japan ………. 954 Edith Mae Bell …………………….. 850 Kagawa's School for Farmers ……………. 471 – – Reading Campaign, Mrs. E. H. Silver- Kobe College, Progress in .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 633 Korea, "All-Korea" Paper ……………….. 384 thorn …………………………………. 534 – Awake, L. T. Newland ……………….. 613 – – Results of Common-Place Contacts, G. – Changes After Thirty Years ………….. 307 – Colporteurs in Modern ……… .. .. .. .. … 237 B. Gilbert ……………………………. 50 – DestroYing Idols at Ka Ri Bong, Marion – Program Preparation, Mrs. Willard H.

E. Hartness ………………………….. 47 Smith …………………………………. 693 – Double Present-Day Miracle In, A. G. – Reading in Costume .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. 5-3 Mexican Law Defines a Minister ………… 715 Fletcher ………………………………. 676 – Problems in Texas …………………….. 387 – Eager Village Women in ……………. 633 – Protestant Teachers …………………… 474 – Evangelism in Andong Hospital .. . . . . .. 632 – Relations, Studying, Coe Hayne ………. 110 – ,from Industrial Viewpoint, Mrs. R. G. – Statement on Religion ……………….. 546 – Temperance Society ……………………. 546 Vance …………………………………. 860 Mexicans In Texas, Among, Joseph M. Daw- – "Good Man Never Dies" ……………. 783 – Hand-Written Hymnal ………………… 782 son …………………………………… 757 – Hospital Evangelism, A. G. Fletcher …. 515 Mexico, Bible in ………………………… 224 – – – Fruits of ……………………….75, 3(H – Calles Regime …………………………. 310 – How Mrs. Yi Founded Churches, F. S. – Evangelistic Methods in ……………….. 637 – Far From the Beaten Tracks, Ethel R. Miller …………………………………. 610 – Industrial Training in ……………….. 873 Doctor ………………………………… 193 – Obcervations in, Robert E. Speer …….. 251 – from Within, Norman W. Taylor ………. 181 – Reaching Chinese in .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 706 – Labor Laws in ………………………. 65 – Sunday-school Growth In Kwangju …… 146 – New Opportunities in …………………. 64 – Syenchun Church Branches Out………… ~38 ~ Permits Foreign Clergy ……………….. 310 – Temperance Progress …………………. 874 – Religious Situation in …………………. 341 – Trained Leaders Needed ……………… 706 – Revolution, Before and After the, Wil- – Y. M. C. A., Rural …………………. 146 – Christian, Tribute to …………………. 656 liam Wallace ………………………… 186 – Church in New York ……………….. 474 – Schools, Successful …………………….. 224 – – Women in the …………………….. 307 Mexico, Uprising, New ………………….. 893 – Exiles In Manchuria …………………… 470 Mexico's Congress, Christ In ……………. 149 – Lepers Spread the Gospel ……………… 75 Miao Cannibals Now Christians …………. 382 – Woman Soul-Winner …………………… 556 Micronesia. Christians in ………………… 473 Korea's New Day, Demands of ………… 145 Migrant Workers, Mary Edith P. Oliver.. 541 Kurdlatan Hospital, Life In a ………….. 951 – – in America, LoUise F. Shields ……… 429 Latin America, Gambling in ……………. 863 Mission Boards Fifty Years Ago, Allen R.

Bartholomew …………………………. 899 Page Page Missionary Appeal Fifty Years Ago and Now Persia, Among Assyrians of, Mrs. J. P.

Stephen J. Corey ……………………… 921 Cochran ………………………………. 828 Missionary, Function of the ……………… 235 – Courtesy Disarms Mullah …………….. 777 – on the Foreign Field,. A Home, ePe ·Hayne 342 – Faces the Future, Samuel M. Zwemer…. 19 – For a United Church of ……………… 551 Missionary Review of the World-!iemi-Centennial ………………………………… 7 – Moslem Teacher Accepts Christ ………. 777 – Societies, Creed for, Mary A. Vale …… 352 – Needs Christian Books ……………….. 777 – Wife, Handicaps of, Anon ……………. 3~ – New Opportunities in Teheran ………… 628 – Old and New Bibles in ……………… 551 Missions, Christian, Amos_ R. Wells …….. 287 – Telephone Evangelism in ……………… 650 – or O-Missions …………………………. 752 Persian Converts ………………………… 465 – Why Christian, P. Whitwell Wilson …. 737 – Gospels Were Sold, How ……………… 316 Mississippi Flood Relief, Chinese Give for 543 – Gulf, Seventeen Years In the, C. S. G. – – Sufferers in the …………………… 4{)9 Modern Answer to an Ancient Question, Mylrea ………………………………… 743 Personal, Abel, Russell …………………… 243 John Ferguson ……………………….. 33 – Allen. Arthur J. .. …………………….. 83 – Heroes of Faith ………………………. 6SS – Archer, John Clark …………………… 483 – Ashmore, Jr.. William ……………….. 83 Mohammed and Theopholis, Calvin K. – Azariah, Bishop ………………………. 483 Staudt ………………………………… 747 ~ Balme, Harold ………………. . .. . .. .. … 641 – Bartholomew, Allen R ………………….. 24l Mohammedan's Appeal in India ………….. 779 Moravian Church in Nicaragua ………….. 65- Mormon Looks Us Over. Inquiring, Claton – Birge, J. Kingsley …………………… 40.1 S. Rice ……………………………….. 298 – Cantine, James ………………………… 163 – Temples, Five New …………………… 64 – Chen, Eugene ………………………….. 4{)3 Mormons, Church Members Become …….. 386 – Clark, Alden H. . ……………………. 243 Moslem and Christian Faces ……………. 233 – Converse. Harry P ……………………. 243 = ..::..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – – Jew Study Bible …………………… 868 – Cort, Edwin C………..3d Cover, November~:~ – Builds a Church ………………………. 392 ~:~:: S~K~s – Convert's Testimony …………………… 708 – Heroes of the Faith …………………… 711 – Dodge Cleveland E. …………………… 8~ – Life in Rumania and Bulgaria, Samuel – EntWistle, Mary ………………………. 641 M. Zwemer …………………………… 725 – Fulton, A. F. .. ………………………… 242 – Preacher Converted ……………………. 122 – Geil, Mrs. William Edgar ……………. 403 – Seekers, Focal Point for, E. E. Elder…. 749 – Gilman, Bishop ………………………… 163 – Teacher Accepts Christ in Persia ………. 777 – Gordon, David R ……………………… 563 – Theologues, Bibles For ……………….. 465 – Grenfell, Wilfred ………………………. 123 – Women, Freedom for, J. G. King …….. 288 – Hail,. J. B ………………………..; ….. 243 – World Secularized …………………….. 231 – HarrIS, Wm………….. 3d Cover, November Moslems Ask for Mission School ………… 628 – Hume, Edward H …………………..323, 483 – Christian Lectures for ……………….. 791 – Hume, Robert A. .. …………………. 83. 563 – – Literature for, Murray T. Titus…… 27 – King, Wm. R ……………………….. 563, 723 – Friends of Chinese …………………… 781 – Kittell, James S. .. ……… , ………….. 243 – Impressions of Christianity, Charles R. – Lambie, Tom ………………………….. 403 Watson ……………………………….. 273 – McCune, Geo. S. .. ……………………. 884 – in Morocco …………………………….. 152 – McKean, James W …….3d Cover, November – Moton, Robert R. …………………….. 83 – to Christ, Why It Is Difllcult to Lead, E. M. Wherry ……………………..521, 603 – North, Eric ……………………………. 323 Mosque, Negroes at Chicago ……………. 786 – Paton, William ……………………..83, 242 Motive In Missions, Supreme ……………. 805 – Peake, A. S. .. ………………………… 242 Mottoes, Missionary …………………….. 263 – Poling, Daniel A. . ………………….. 243, 403 Nanking University Reopened ……… , …… 630 – PollOCk, A. W. .. ………………………. 483 "Nationality Nights" in California …….. 785 – Sastri, Srinivasa ………………………. 641 Near East College Association ………… 393 – Sell, Canon ……………………………. 3,3 Negro Children in New York ……………. 876 – Shepard, Lorin A. ………….. • .. . .. .. …. 32.3 – Church Union, Plans for ……………… 785 – Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………. 563 – Welfare Work, State …………………… 545 – Smith, Arthur H. ………………………. 83 – Y. M. C. A. Buildings, New ………… 785 – Speer, Robert E. …………………….. 83 Negroes at Chicago Mosque ……………. 786 – Stauffer, Milton T ……..3d Cover, November – SchOOling for Southern ……………… 309 – Sweitzer, Albert ……………………….. 884 New England Pastors Confer ………….. 784 – Thoburn, Isabella …………………….. 483 New GUinea., Bible for Papuan Christians .. 874 – Thornton, Mrs. Douglas ……………….. 723 – Changes in, Russell Abel ……………. 203 – Vermilya, Charles E. . ………………… 723 – Not Head-But Heart-Hunters ………… 634 – Watson, Charles R ……. 3d Cover, November – Standards in Papua …………………… 238 – Wilder, Robert P. . ……………………. 641 – Training Preachers' Wives ……………. 146 – Wilson, Jesse R. ……………………… 641 – Workers Papua Needs Today ………… 784 – Zwemer, Samuel M. . ………………….. 323 New Hebrides, Baptisms in Paton's Field .. 308 !Peru, Evangelical Church in …………….. 864 New Zealand, Maoris in ……………….. 385 – Ex-Monk Accepts Christ ……………… 788 Nicaragua, Moravian Church in ………….. 65 – Inca Indians of ……………………….. 311 Nicaraguan Convert's Courage ………….. 787 – Indian Church in …………………….. 225 Nigeria, Change in Ten Years ……………. 230 – School Girl's Program for ……………. 389 Nile Mission Press Colparteurs ………… 68. Peruvian Bible Students …………………. 959 Non-Christian World, J. Camphell White 9 Philippines, Church Union in the ……….. 308 Northfield's Missionary Colony ………….. 545 – Consecrated Cocoanut Trees ……………. 472 Objective, Our Modern Missionary ………. 889 – Moros at a Student Conference ………. 147 Orientals and Hawaiians, Geo. W. Hinman 945 – SchoolS in the ………………………… 783 Orient and the Occident …………………. 830 – Silliman Institute Graduates ………….. 874 Pacific Relations, Missions at the Institute of 238 Poem, "All Are One," John Oxenham ……. 703 Pale-stine, Arab Views on ……………….. 69 – Christ Calls for Boys and Men, J. M. – Earthquake in ………………………… 776 Coon ………………………………….. 917 – Jewish Homeland ……………………… 868 – Easter .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. … 301 – Jews, Evangelizing …………………….. 164 – Evangelize .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 32 – Training Girls in …………………….. 315 – For Ail Thy Missionary Saints, Elizabeth Pan-American Children's Gifts ………….. 389 Strang Baird ……………………….. 668 Papua, Pioneering in ……………………. 900 – Helping Others ……………………….. 539 Paraguay, Trekking from Canada to, Web- – Our Part, Lillian M. Weeks ……………. 219 ster E. Browning ………………….389, 511 Polish Protestants Unite ………………… 227 Paraguayan Girls, Schools For ………….. 66 "Polygamy Legalized." …………………… 476 Peace of Goodwill, James E. Freeman …… 935 Porto Rioo, Elfective Work In ……………. 787 Peking Union Medical College ……………. 631 – Seminary. Evangelical ………………… 148 Page Page Portugal, Brazilian Preacher in …………. 625 Sudan, Cannibalism in the …………….•… 314 Portuguese Decree on Missions ………•..•.. 151 – Schools, PrlIjlary ………………………. 153 Prayer Answered in Guatemala …….•…… 787 – Indian Call to …………………..•.•….. 70 Sunday-S1lhooJ,J-Growth in Kwangju ….. , .. 146 – Of a Chinese Youth ……………………• 72 – World Pilgrimage of ……………..•…. 218 – Missionar¥'ln Tennessee ….•………….. 875 Praying Forth Workers, John R. Mott …… 736 Presbyterian Board Claims No Indemnity 717 – Progress in Brazil …………………….. 388 – Foreign Board, Annual Conference …… 635 Presbyterians Cut Budget ……..•………. 63 – Work, Egyptians Directing ……………. 68 Program Building …………………•….. 938 Program Preparation, Ethics of, Mrs. Wil- Sunday-Schools in Austria ……………….. 624 lard H. Smith ……………………… 693 – – Coptic Church ………………………. 463 – Tested, William G. Towal't ……………. 697 – – in Iceland ….._……………………… 226 Radio, Conference Registration by ……….. 634 – Missionary Orders by ………………… 391 -'- – Seoul and N. Y. …………………….. 7Ii Reed, Orville, Death of ………………….. 966 Religion a Necessity, Not a Luxury …….. 758 Swedes Lutherans 400 years ……………… 624 – of Christ for All Races, Francis J. Mc- Swedish Lutheran Anniversary ……•……. 476 Connell …………………………….. 12 Switzerland, Lausanne Conference …•…..• 317 Religions and Peace, World ……..•..•…… 396 – Chinese Combine Five ……………….. 235 – Union Service in ……………•…….•.•.. 312 – Congress of World's ………………….• 61 Syr.ia., Beirut University, Government Stu- – of the World, Statistics …………..•..• 557 Religious Progress, World's ……………•.. 888 dents at …………………………….. 316 '"Review," Early Days of, R. P. Wilder …. 895 Rhodesia, Hartzell Training School •…..•.• 228 – New Church Members …………………. Tl6 Roman Catholics in Germany ……………. 625 – Students at Baalbek …………………… 711 – – Need to Be Evangelized, Why ………• 760 Syrian Girls, Education for ……………… 777 Rural Communities, Moral and ReligiOUS Temperance-Great Britain's Drink Bill. … 548 – Progroos in Korea ••…………………… 874 Conditions in ……..••………….•…. 485 – SOCiety, Mexican ………………………• 546 – Work in North Carolina ………… ; ….. 386 Testaments Mailed to Thinkers ………….. 647 Russia and the- Printed Page …………….. 325 Tests of Spiritual Life, Sadhu Sundar Singh 751 – Friends, Service of ……………………. 152 Tibet, "Gospel Inn" ………………………. 631 – Religious Situation ………………….67, 390 – Disciples' Mission …………………….. 144 Russian "Anti-God SOCiety" Anxious ……• 624 Tibetan Priests as Guests ………•.•…….. 872 – Atheist Admits Defeat …•…………..•••• 790 – St. Mark in ……………………………. 144 – Criminals. Young ……….•………..•…. 312 – Taxpayers, Tracts for …………………. 655 Russians by Mail, Y. M. C. A. Teaches …• 714 Tibetans More Responsive ……………….• 236 – in South America …………………….. 225 Tithe, Chinese Elder's .•..••……….•…..•• 304 St. Paul's Missionary Statesmanship, A. T. Tithers in the Punjab ……•…………..•..• 467 Treasure Chest, The …………………….. 94l Robertson ………………………..•..• 518 Turk Seeks the Secret ………..•………… 464 School-Bag Gospel League …………..•…. 875 Turkestan, Chinese, Hunter, G. W. .. •……. 1::3 Turkey, Bible Depot in Constantinople …… 231 Scotland, Church Reunion in ……..••….•• 150 – Census …………………………………. 650 – Christ Lifted UJ) in …………………… 776 Scottish Churches to Unite ..•……………• 713 – New Life. Signs of …………………….. l'54 – Old, Old Story in …………………….. 215 – Prisons, Evangelism in ……………..•.. 390 – – Turks in New ………………………. 231 – Religious Changes in ………………….. 710 Siam, Retreat for Workers ……… , …….. , 156 – Treaties and Missionaries, Charles T.

– Traveling With a Governor ……………. 628 Riggs ……………………………….. 343 – Women's Social Work in ……………… 392 Siamese as Missionaries ….•…..•…•…..•• 72 Turkish Translation of Koran ……………. 466 – Woman's Religion …………………….. 867 – Christian Colony, New ….•…..•••••.••…. 870 Uganda, Fifty Years in, R. Ethel Doggett.. 411 – New Station In ……………………….. 230 – Christian Temple ………………•…….•• 952 Union Church of Havana …………………. 224 – in the Philippines, Church ……………. 308 – Church, Independent ………………….. 468 United Sta.tes, (See America) – "China – King Advises Boy Scouts …. : ………•… 710 Around the Corner" ……………….• 149 – Episcopal Bishops' Crusade ……………. 148 – Nurses, Training ………………………. 653 – Federal Council Executives ……………. 147 – Interracial Problems, Women and …….• 147 Sicily, Waldensean Churches in, Frederic S. – Mexicans, Union Church for ………….. 310 Goodman ……………………………• 759' – SJ)anish-Speaking. Among ……………… 64 – Student Conference, National …………. 148 Silliman Institute Graduates …….•……… 874 – S. S. Missionary in Tennessee ………… 875 Slave Areas Today ………………….•…… 477 Unity In Venezuela, Church ……………… 388 Slavery Contract in Rajputana ………….. 869 – Indian Movement for ………………….. 551 Slaves Freed In BalUChistan …………….. 553 – Lutherans Consolidate Boards ………… 63 – in Nepal, Freed …….. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• .. 233 Uruguay, Lottery, Women Fighting the …. 225 – – Portuguese Africa ………………….. 649 Venezuela, Church Unity In …………..•..• 388 Solomon Islands. News from …………… -. 784 Venezuelan Christians Zealous ……….•… 715 South America, All Saints' Day Celebrations 311 Venezuela's Problems ………….•..•..•….. 959 – Educational Advance in …..•………..•. 459 Waldensian Church, Growth of ………….. 66 – Indians "Wild" and "Tame" •………..• 788 – Churches in Sicily, Frederic S. Goodman 759 SJ)ain, Religious Restrictions ..•………..•. 476 West Indie's, Leprosy In …………………. 646 Spanish Christian Endeavor …………….•. 789 – – Progress and Problems, C. S. DetWeiler 139 – Speaking, Among ……………………•… 64 West Virginia School. Intimate Glimpses of – – People, Religious Work Among ….••.• 771 Spiritual Life, Test of, Sadhu Sundar Singh 751 a, Anna Belle Stewart ………….. 503, 591 Stat1stics-D~nomlnatlonal Gains and Losses, Why Christian Missions? P. Whitwell Wil- 1926 '" ….•…. '" …•…. , .• , '" ………. 450 son ………………………………….. 737 – Religions of, the World ………………… 557 – I Like My Missionary Job, Albert D. Stevenson and Missions, Robert Louis, J. W. Helser ………………………………. 113 Burton ……………………………… 761 – It Is Difficult to Lead Moslems to Christ, StewardshlJ) and Partnership, H. A. Ethe- E. M. Wherry ……………………521, 6!l3 ridge ………………………………… 291 Wife Beater, Conversion of, A. B. Patterson 374 – in Principle and Practice …………….. 290 Wilder, Royal G., and the "Review" …….. 896 – Principles of Christian ……………….. 769 Williams, John E ………………………… 330 – Sermons, F. A. Agar ………………….. 292 Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Student Campaign in London …………… 390 – Conference in Philippines. Moros at ….. 147 SOCiety Jubilee, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd .. 573 – – Milwaukee, Elizabeth Cole Fleming .. , 221 – Contribution to Missions, Ella D. Mac- – – Through Indian Eyes, Kamal ArIlck … 222 – Convention, Japanese …………………. 239 Laurin ………………………………… 688 – Volunteer Convention ………………….. 545 – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Edited by Ella Students and the Y. M. C. A…………….. 717 – in India Pray for Law Enforcement in D. MacLaurin …………………..Monthly – Home Mission Bulletin, Edited by Florence America …………………………….. 297 E. Quinlan ••….•…….•..•.•……. Monthl,- Page . Page Woman's Part in Home Missions, Mrs. W. World's Evangelical Alliance …………157, 637 C" Winsborough ………………………. 95 – S. S. Convention, Tenth ……………….. 717 – Place in Missions, Lucy W. Peabody •••• 906 Yale-in-China, Future of ………………… 380 – Progress in Japan …………………….. 706 Yenching, Good News From ……………. 469 Women and Interracial Problems ………… 147 – University's Elquipment ……………….. 381 – Church Work of Burmese ……………… 234 Y. M. C. A. and Church Cooperation …….. 239 – Freedom for Moslem, J. G. King ………. 288 Students …………………………… 717 – Buildings, New Negro …………………. 785 – in the Korean Church …………………. 307 – Chinese Tribute to ……………………. 381 – in Niue, White Ribbon, Margaret J. – Council Meeting ……………………….. 62 Beharell ……………………………. , 844 – Emphasis on 1927-9 ……………………. 396 – Presbyterian, First Biennial Meeting of .. 700 – Central Europe ……………………….. 67 – Industrial Conference …………………. 784 Word of God As a Missionary, Arthur T. – in Korea, Rural ………………………. 146 Pierson ……………………………… 448 – – the Philippines …………………….. 543 World's Religious Progress ……………….. 888 – Property in China …………………….. 468 World and the Gospel, J. H. Oldham …….. 838 – Teaches Russians by Mail …………….. 714 – Day of Prayer for Missions ………….. 616 Y. W. C. A. in China, Year's Gains in …… 73 Zambesl Industrial Mission ……………… 392 – Friendships for Boys …………………. 717 Zulu Christians, Tests for ……………….. 464 – League Against Alcholism …………….. 793 – Religions and Peace …………………… 396 NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Mother India, Katherine Mayo ………….. 794 Adventure of the Church, Samuel J. Cavert 964 American Agricultural Villages, Various Musa, Son of Egypt, Mary Entwistle and Jeannette E. Perkins ….3d Cover, January Authors ……………………………… 397 American Villages, C. Luther Fry ………… 158 Nation Builders, J. Lovell Murray ………… 640 Awakening Womanhood, F. Hughes-Hallett.. 479 Negro in American Life, Willis J. King …. 64<1 Barrios, Justo Rufino, Paul Burgess …….. 400 Neve of Kashmir, Arthur, A. P. Shepherd .. 799 Borden of Yale '09, Mrs. Howard Taylor …. 318 New Approach in Missionary Education, Buddhism and Buddhists in Japan, Robert C. John Clark Archer …………………. 640 Armstrong …………………………… 72() New Challenge to Faith, Sherwood Eddy …. 400 Cassells, W. W., First Bishop of Western New Japanese Womanhood, Allen K. Faust.. 78 New Paths for Old Purposes, Margaret E. China, Marshall Broomhall ……….. , 159 Central American Indians and the Bible, W. Burton ………………………………… 961 Nigeria, J. Lowry Maxwell ……………. 961 F. Jordan …………………………… 480 1,000 City Churches, H. Paul Douglass …… 797 Certain Samaritans, Esther Pohl Lovejoy …. 795 One Thousand Subjects for Speakers and China Christian Year Book, 1926, Edited by Students, Hy Pickering ……3d Cover, May Frank Rawlinson ……………………. 318 Our Church Abroad, George Drach ………. 79 China Today Through Chinese Eyes, II, Our Missions in India-I834-1924, E. M. Seven Chinese Leaders ……………… 398 Wherry ……………………………… 78 China Year Book, 1926-27, Edited by H. G. Our Parish in India, Isabel Brown RoBe W. Woodhead ………………………. 158 ……………………………3d Cover, May China Yesterday and Today, E. T. Williams 398 Ownership, Clementina Butler ……………. 879 Chinese Altars to the Unknown God, John C. Penlune, S. E. Burrow …………………… 800 Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan, Johanna De K01'l!e …………………………… 719 Chinese Cliaracteristics, Arthur H. Smith ., Veenstra ……………………………. 480 Prayer, Arno Clemens Gaebelein ………… 319 ……………………………3d Cover, July Protestant Europe: Its Crisis and Outlook, Christ and Money, Hugh A. Martin …….. 720 Christ in the Four Gospels, John H. Cable.. 80 Adolf Keller and George Stewart …… ~96 Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and Putting on Immortality, Clarence E. Mac- Formosa, A. OItmans….3d Cover, August artney ………………………………. 399 Christianity and Divorce, Frank H. Norcross Query Queer, Jay T. Stocking ..3d Cover, August Quest for God in China, F. W. S. O'Neil … 209 …………………………… 3d Cover, June Raj, Brigand Chief, Amy Carmichael …….. 77 Christianity in the Modern World, Ernest Religion in the Making, Alfred North White- De W. Burton ………………………. 399 head ………………………………… 159 Church and MiSSions, Robert E. Speer …… 398 Constantinople-The Challenge of the Cen- Revolt of Asia, Upton Close ……………… 639 Romance of Japan Through the Ages, James turies, Victor Murdock ……………… 78 Cost of a New World, Kenneth Maclennan .. 160 A. B. Scherer ……………………….. 77 Echoes and Memories, Bramwell Booth ….. 719 Shepher of Udaipur and the Land He Loved, . Ecuador-A Story of Missionary Achieve- George Carstairs ……………………. 797 ment, W. F. Jordan ………………… 80 Faith, Fancies and Fetich, Stephen S. Far- Sona Mona Singh, Lucia A. Parkhurst …… 879 Story of Missions, Edwin E. White ……. . row …………………………………. 559 Fifty Golden Years, Bertha G. Judd …….. 961 ………………………..3d Cover, August Frank, Bishop of Zanzibar. H. Maynard Straight Way Toward Tomorrow, Mary Smith ……………………………….. 479 Schauffier Platt ……………………… 559 Friends of the Caravan Trails, Elizabeth Ten Weeks With Chinese Bandits, Harvey J.

Harris ………………..3d Cover, January Howard ……………………………… 79 From Every Tribe and Nation, Belle M. The Call from Our Own People Overseas, Brain ……………………………….. 478 Fifth Report, Church Assembly Mis- From J ar>an to Jerusalem, Christine 1. Tin- sionary Council …………………….. 878 ling …………………………………. 399 The Christian Mission in Africa, Edwin W. Smith ……………………………….. 798 Hand Book of the Churches, Edited by B. S. Winchester ………………………….. 800 The Leaven of the Sadducees, Ernest Gordon 799 The Search After Reality, Sadhu Sundar History of Southern Methodist MiSSions, James Cannon. III …………………. 399 Singh ………………..: …………….. 799 The Truth About Mormonism, J. H: Snowden 800 In Unknown New GUinea, W. J. V. Saville .. 319 The Way of the Doctor, R. Fletcher Moore- India In 1925-26, J. Coatman ……………… 560 In Sunny Nigeria, A. D. Helser ………….. 560 head ………………………………… 879 Introduction to Literary Chinese, J. Brandt.. 79'5 Through Teakwood Windows, Ethel Cody Life of Buddha as Legen.d and Hi2tory, Higginbottom ……………………….. 80 Edward J. Thomas …………………… 962 Uganda Contrasts, P. L. Garlick …………. 480 Magic Formula, The, L. J. Jacks ……….. 964 Uganda in Transformation, H. Gresford Missionary Marionette Plays, Martha Rice .. 963 Missionary Methods for Church and Home, . Jones, …………………3d C"ver, August Katherine Scherer Cronk ….•…•.••…• 878 United Churches, EUzabeth R. Hooker…… 478 What Christ Means to Me, W. T. Grenfell …. 964

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1927

A FAMILY IN WESTERN MEXICO – FRIENDLY AND LAW

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Dept. No. 20 …,,~~ New York HARTFORD' Big SEMINARY FOUNDATION Dividends Theological Seminary School of Religious Education can be secured during your life- Kennedy School of Missions time and you can help spread the Gospel at the same time. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Investigate A UNIVERSITY <>f religion. Three separate schools of Christian training grouped on one Annuity Agreements campus. The Theological Seminary trains tor the ministry j the School Qf Missions for the Addr… , foreign field; the School of Religious Education tor the lay worker and teacher and for social W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mi,. service. Courses In any ot the three schools sions and Church Extension 0/ the Methodist EpilCoare open to all students. Thus opportunity is pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.• or ot'tered {or full-rounded religious edu.cation. Morri. W. Ebne., Treasurer. Board 0/ Foreign Hartford Seminary Foundation Is located In Misoion. of the Methodist EpilCopaJ Oiurch. 150 the center of the intellectual and cultural life Filth Avenue. New York, N. Y. of New England, half way between Boston and New York.

A series of handsome and 'Well-appointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section oi the country. The Case Memorial Library containing 125,000 vQlumes is tor the use of the three schools. This is one of the riohest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of twenty-eight scholarly men and wo·mE3n who have attained distinction in their respective fields.

HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartford, Cnnneetieu.t Please mention THEl' MrS8IONABY REVIEW OF THE WOBLD In writing to adv;rtisers~ THE MISSIONAR Y Review 0 f the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edilor CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1927 P'1ge :PRONTISPIEOE.-A FAMILY I" WESTERK :IE""lCO-FRIENDLY AKD LAW ABlDl"G EDITORIALS •.•.•…………………•…………………………….. l!i5 ASIA's GREAT NEED AND THE NEED OF ALL ME>I LoOKING AROUND A.."1D LOOKING Up CHINA IN BOXER 'l'IMES AND TODAY A WORLD .OONFERENCE ON JEWISH VORK FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT E. SPEER 173 A report of some interviews, observations and conclusions on the fcccnt visit and conferences with missionary workers.

MEXICO FROM WITHIN …………………•……..•. NORMAN W. TAYLOR 181 Ji'ir.,t·hand view of the political and reiigiou., .'ill/ation in Mexico, Munter- balanci'1J,g some false reports.

MEXICO BEFORE A];l) AFTER THE REVOLUTIO;f . . . . . . . . W,LL,AM WALLACE 186 An interesting account of the infiuenc·e of the political di.,turbance on Christian missioMry work in the Republic, by a missionary of long experi.ence.

IN MEXICO, FAR FROM THE BEATEN TRAOKS ……….. ETHEL R. DOOTOR 193 Light on Mexican people of the interior who have been helped by contact with eva'1J,gelical Christian workm·s.

CAN YOU BEAT THE DUTOH~ …………………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 195 A remarkable record of some things that have been accomplished by Dutch "hurches i'1J, the Middle-West – a stimulating example for all A meritan Chris- tians.

NO HOPE FOR AMERICA, EXCEPT- …………………. JOHN McDOWELL 197 The report of an addre8s at the Home Mission., Conference ;,n Philadelphia showing the only way in which America can build up a strong, national life.

THE HUMAN FACTOR IN OOAL MINING ……………….. FRED H. RINDGE 199 The story of what has been a"complwhed in 80me mining communities by ..ocial service workers of the Y. M. C. A.

A STORY OF CHANGES IN NEW GUINEA……. .RUSSELL W. ABEL 203 An account of rmnarkable transformations that !wve taken place in one ge'!,era- tion among former cannibals and ignorant sat'ages of the South Seas.

AN UNKNOWN CHINESE CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT GILLIES 214 THE OLD, OLD STORY IN TURKEY …. …………… …… 215 "WHAT CHRIST MEANS TO ME" ………………… By KOREAN STUDENTS 216 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION" BULLETIN …… EDITF"!) BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 218 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 221 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ….. . 224 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubB of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by M,SSIONARY REVIEW PUBf.ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fiftb Avenue, Pa. 25c .. copy. $2.50 .. year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at tbe Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. THE MlSSIONARY REVIEW Do You Know? ANNUAL MEETING In what book of the Bible the rrhe annual meertjng of the Company was Sermon on the Mount appear.? beld at 156 }'lfth ArcHue, New York, Thurs· day afternoon, February 10th, at 3 0 'cloek. Who com-…ded the Sun aad Moon to stand atill? The treasurer's report showed net assets amounting to $38,701. The expenses for Whowaa the firat Kingof brael? 1926 amount to $31,743.89. These expenses were met by income from adverbsing, sub· FREE-Sendfor this scripHons, sales and. by donations to the 5-minute Bible Test Maintenance and Promotion Fund. The last item amounted to $8,600 and was contributed Find out if your Bible by Mission Boards and friends of the RE· knowledge is what it VIEW. These contributions p:tade it possible ought to be. A complete to put the magazine into the hands of over grasp of the Testaments 500 ministers in small churches in America comesonly from directed and to send it to missionaries in 500 fron· tier stations on foreign fields. study. The 34.000 stu- The Secretary called attention to many dents who have taken interesting facts connected with the history Moody Bible Institute of the R,EVIElW and it was voted that a Jubilee Number be printed, reviewing the Home Study Courses are because or the m. progress of missicms at home and abroa(l dnring the past fifty years. happier, better men and women Ten courses-non..sectarian-one suited to the The President's address called attention ~~:db~rist~~!~~,~t,!n~:p~ise~e=t h~'!: to the present critical situaHon in many much Biblical knowledge helps you in simple, mission lands, and to the need for a thor· everyday affairs. Send fOT Ollr free 5-minute ough knowledge of these condiHons and of the progress of Christian missions, such as ~~~:u!~~·p.SeMa~t ~~d~:~r knowledge is given through the R'EVIEW. MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE The following were ejected members of the Board of Directors for the year 1927: CORRESPONDENCE~CHOOL Dept. 4e8t 153 IDotit"te Pl.,,';; (:hlcago. HI.

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Harlan P. Beaeb Walter McDougall ; ~::~e~.~~~.~:.:::::.::::::.:::::.::::::::::::::::::::…. II Name …………………………………………………………..

Samuel MeDrea Cavert }~ric North William 1. Chamberlain Delavan L, Pierson t…:=..:-:;::.:::::~~.::~.~.::.~.~J Frederick L. Colver }'Ieming H. R<"t'll ~{rs. E. O. Cronk Robert E. Speer Charles L. Wllite Respectfully submitted, OBITUARY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, PROFESSOR Wn.LIAM H. HALL, for twer>ty Secretary. four years head of the preparatory school of the American University of Beirut, died in * .. * Beirut early in January, aged fifty·five.

PERSONALS DR. MARY HANNAH FuLTON, Presbyterian medical mi,ssionary in China from 1884, REV. JAMES ,CANTlNE, D.D" of the United until her resignation on ar.count of impaired Mission in Mesopotamia, founder of two health in 1918, died January 7th at Los missions to Moslems, has been given by his Angeles, ,California. Until only a few years Board the status, of I' Missionary Emeritus, ' , ago, it could be said that aU the Chinese since the health of Mrs. Cantine makes it women physicians in South China were improbable that they will be able to re- trained by either her or her students. turn to Iraq at present. Dr. Cantina also has been e,jeeted secretary of the American .* * Christian Literature Society for Moslems. ELEANOR·S. ADAAiS (Mrs. Joseph S.), a * * * ., beloved missionary wife and mother of the American Baptist Mission, entered into her BISHOP GILMAN, of the Protestant Episco· heavenly rest in Kuling, China, in October. pal Church in Hanko"" China, on his recent She was seventy years of age and had been departure for America was presented with for fifty years a missionary in China. a silver shield be<aring an inscription, whidt expressed the grabtude of "the WllChang Chamber of Commerce and representatives of thirty myriads of snffering people" for the help he had given during the siege of W,uchang.

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VOL. MARCH, 1927 NUMBER L THREE ASIA'S GREAT NEED-AND THE NEED OF ALL MEN I F EVER a country needed all that Christ can do for nations and their people that country is China today_ There is no accepted united government. Hundreds of thousands of men are in armies employed by ambitious military leaders for their own aggrandizement, and supported by money extorted from the people or diverted from the railroads which are falling into ruin. The best schools of the Government are closed for want of support and their teachers and students are scattered. There are strong and worthy national impulses, but they have not yet found any adequate expression or leadership. The old order is broken down and no new order has taken its place. Yet the fields and rivers of China are there and the Chinese people are there, and no matter what happens to government or to ancient institutions and ideas, China and the Chinese will remain. They need help more than words can tell. While there are many misunderstandings in China and about China and while there have been and may be again anti-foreign outbreaks, either with or without justification, the worst of all misunderstandings would be the idea that China does not need Christianity and is not ready to accept it wherever and whenever it is preached in truth and love.

The need and opportunity are as real, in their own measure, in .Japan and Korea. Dr. William E. Griffis, who at the age of eighty- 1wo recently returned to visit Japan after an absence of more than fifty years, says that one of his first sights in Japan in the early days was a long line of men and women and children, dressed in red (the criminal color) being led off to prison, for the crime of being Christians. There is no such crime in Japan today. Christianity is one of the most clearly recognized and deeply respected forces in the Empire. Multitudes who have not yet embraced it openly and individually, nevertheless see in it the only hope of the country.

From our recent visit to Eastern Asia, we have seen more clear- 165

ly than ever that the mightiest forces are the simplest. There is nothing that we can do to refashion the nations and the world that will be of as great avail as the winning of individuals one by one to Christ and gathering them together into Christian churches which will support and propagate themselves. The world may smile at this idea now as it did in Saint Paul's time, but we know that the power of God for saving men is today just what it was then and that the Gospel, which is the "Good News" of that power; is unchanged. Christian missiOllS rest on this basis. They cannot endure or prevail on any other.

There ought not to be any standing still or going back in our missionary work now. All that is needed and that can be wisely and efficiently used ought to be provided. The lack of adequate support for this great enterprise causes us to view the situat.ion with deep concern. A whole-hearted response on the part of the entire Church must be made if the needed funds are to be supplied. Will you help?

R. E. S.

LOOKING AROUND AND LOOKING UP A STUDY of world conditions brings a feeling of uncertainty, if not of discouragement. Whichever way we look-to China, India, Moslem lands, Russia, European nations, Americawe see unrest, conflict, suspicion, worldliness and crime-sins against. God and man. This is not all we see, for there is good as well as evil, but when we look up and see God, when we remember what He has done and what He has promised, then, only, have we ground for confidence in the future because of what He can and will do.

We need to study earthly conditions, human needs and resources at our disposal, but there is more reason to study God and His program and resources. Mankind, as a whole, and even members of the Church of Christ, show a lack of understanding of God and sympathy with Him. We need to pray that all His children may be brought into full harmony with His will.

This need is finding expression. Christian women of many lands observed February 19th as a world-wide day of prayer; the Federal Council of Churches of Christ has recently issued a general can to prayer on world issues, especially in regard to the relations of America with China, Mexico, Nicaragua and Europe. A large part of one session at the Foreign Missions Conference in January was devoted to specific prayer for a spiritual revival. While we pray for China and Mexico and Russia, we must pray for ourselves-that, as Christians, we may be more Christ-like; that the Church may realize more clearly the need of all men for Christ; that Christians may be ready to sacrifice more that others may know Christ; that followers of Christ may be one as the Son and His Father are one; that there may be no compromise with evil j that every hindrance

J EDI'l'ORIAL COMMEN'fS

to Christ's full possession of us may be removed. Surely there is need of more loyalty to God; there is need of clearer vision, and more definite purpose; there is need for purification from sordid selfishness and for an inflow and an outflow of spiritual power.

Many see in the present world-wide confusion and turmoil signs that the days of tribulation are at hand for the Church. If so, they will be days of purification, not of destruction. The life that is from God cannot die. The churches and missions in China may suffer, but opposition and persecution will not destroy those that have Life. Who can estimate what might happen if Christians all over the world would unite in earnest prayer for a clearer understanding of God and His plans 7 It is a time to undergird all the work and the workers with prayer individually and collectively. Family and personal prayer need to be reestablished and made more vital in our homes.

Have church members today forgotten how to pray7 In how many midweek services are the petitions definite, expectant and united 7 What a revival might come if Christian church members ('ould truly agree in public worship and in group prayer touching things relating to the progress of God's Kingdom-and if each would do his or her part in seeking to establish that Kingdom!

In Board meetings and in conventions is enough time devoted to definite, earnest, intelligent, believing prayed Many costly mis- takes might be avoided in policies adopted, in workers selected and in money expended if these activities were more prayer-filled. New wisdom and power from Above might make effective our organized enterprises if we were more truly full partners with God and if He directed them all.

The history of the Church has been full of noteworthy specific answers to prayer-in the call of workers, the supply of funds, the breaking down of barriers, the opening of doors, the empowering of the messengers, the awakening of men to a sense of sin, the purification of the Church, and the quickening of men and women to true spiritual life and to effective sacrificial service.

The need for prayer today is greater than the need for armies and navies; the need for whole-hearted surrender to God's will is far greater than the need for more money for church enterprises; a fuller understanding of God's ideals and methods is infinitely more important than a comprehension of human theories of "complex" and new experiments in secular education. Do we really take God into accounH Are we willing, first of all, to bring ourselves into perfect harmony with Him and His program? While there is need to be informed as to the conditions around us, there is greater need to "look up" that we may see things from the Father's viewpoint. This comes through prayer and the study of His Word.

CHINA IN BOXER TIMES AND TODAY rrWENTY-SEVEN years ago there to~k place the Boxer up- rising against Christianity and all foreigners in China. Its mo- tive and plan were radically different from the motive and pro- gram of the present disturbance. Then, the authority of one Manchu dynasty was recognized over the whole "Middle 'Kingdom"; today, three or four contending factions have divided the Republic of China into separate armed camps. In 1900, ignorance and superstition caused the Chinese to determine to rid themselves of "foreign devils" and their religion; today, national pride and ambition are appealed to by students trained in modern schools and by military leaders drilled by modern methods, to make China an independent nation, free from foreign domination and "imperialistic" interference.

The change that has taken place in this quarter of a century is shown clearly by comparing one of the utterances of the Cantonese Foreign Minister, Eugene Chen, or of Marshal Chang Tso-lin, war lord of the North, with the following edict issued in 1900 and posted in many parts of China at the command of the government: A "SACRED EDICT"

Issued by the Lord of Wealth and Happiness The Catholic and Protestant religions, being insolent to the gods and extinguishing sanctity, rending no obedience to Buddhism and enraging both heaven and earth, the rain clouds no longer visit us; but 8,000,000 spirit soldiers will descend from heaven and sweep the empire clean of all foreigners. Then will the gentle showers once more water our lands i and when the tread of soldiers and the clash of steel are heard, heralding wars to all our people, then the Buddhists' patriotic League of Boxers will be able to protect the empire and bring peace to all its people.

Hasten then to spread this doctrine far and wide; for if you gain one adherent to the faith, your own person will be absolved from all future misfortunes. If you gain five adherents to the faith, your whole family will be absolved from all evils; and if you gain ten adherents to the faith, your whole village will be absolved from .all calamities. Those who gain no adherents to the cause shall be decapitated;. for until all foreigners have been exterminated, the rain can never visit us. Those who have been so unfortunate as to have drunk water from the wells poisoned by foreigners should at once make use of the following divine prescription, the ingredients of which are to be decocted and swallowed and then the poisoned patient will recover.

Dried black plums ………..•……………………… half an ounce. Salanum dulcamara ……………………………….. half an ounce. Licorice root …………………………………….. half an ounce.

It is estimated that over 200,000 copies of these edicts were distributed in Tientsin in June, 1900. Only the prompt arrival of the European troops prevented a massacre of foreigners.

Other Boxer proclamations issued by district magistrates in Shantung Province, were posted at all the public markets, towns, and villages. The following is a· sample:

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The village elders, policemen, and others in every town and village are hereby informed that in accordance with the Governor's instruction the rise of the Boxers is solely in consequence of emnity to the Christians. Consequently in every place Christians are being killed and Christian churches burned.

Foreigners living in the interior are unable to protect themselves and are in confusion escaping to distant places. All the Christians are my children; if they will change, they will still remain subjects of the Pure Kingdom. Every Christian may secure protection for himself and his family by disowning the Christian religion. Each one should voluntarily fly to the magistrate and give bonds never again to have anything to do with the Christian Church.

All who refuse to give the necessary security within three days will bring upon themselves the risk of calamity and loss of life. Christian chapels, houses, and furniture will be confiscated unless robbed and burned by the Boxers.

Let all earnestly heed this special proclamation.

The man employed to cut the wooden type for the above proclamation was a relative of some of the Ohristians and secretly gave them notice so t?at all who could escape might do so.

Today the armies in Ohina are not depending on inca.ntations and immunity from foreign bullets to give them victory, but are using Vestern guns, airplanes and modern military tactics. The leaders in Ohina are seeking, through diplomacy and new treaties, to establish peace with foreigners. No unarmed foreigner has been deliberately killed during this disturbance. The Ohinese wish to maintain friendly relations with other nations and will welcome Ohristian teachers and churches when convinced that they are not imperialistic and anti-Ohinese.

The progress of Ohristianity has always been marked by saerifice. In all ages since the Christian Era began there have been those who have misunderstood Jesus Christ and His mission of love; others have been jealous of His growing power. His messengers may suffer and die, as their Lord Himself suffered and died, but the" gates of hell" themselves cannot prevail against His Church. Nothing can withstand the progress of the Heavenly Father's Kingdom of Righteousness and Truth and Love. The Living Seed has been sown in Ohina and will live and grow there, as it lived and grew in the Roman Empire in spite of politieal and religious persecution. More Chinese came into the Ohristian Church in the deeade following the Boxer uprising than had come in during the preceding century. The physical equipment of missions in China may be destroyed or confiscated (though we do not believe it will be so to any large extent), but spiritual life in Christ cannot be destroyed. That will abide and will find yet larger expression in China.

Great armies are fighting a civil warfare and at the same time all factions are seeking to 'throw off foreign control. As a result, forces have been let IOQse that are uncontrolled-unpaid soldiers,

loot-seeking bandits and unthinking mobs. Some missions have necessarily been closed on account of local conditions and some missionaries have left their inland stations, on the advice of foreign consuls, and have gone to treaty ports. They have left their posts, not from fear for their own safety, or deserting their work in time of danger, hut in the interest of peace. Foreigners in isolated stations are natmally objects of enmity to Chinese mobs and are causes of international complications in times of warfare.

There is, however, no good ground for the reports of alarmists that "a hundred million dollars worth of American mission property will be destroyed or confiscated," that Christian missions, generally, "'ill be closed and that the progress of Christianity is doomed in China. 'Vhen other nations have been turned upside down in the past, Christian work has been hindered temporarily, but human opposition and turmoil has never been able to stop the onward progress of the cause of Christ. Not one tenth of the missionaries have thus far left their stations and most of those who have left are women and children who are not able to endure the hardships of warfare. Of the thirty-six Presbyterian missions, only one has been closed and that, in South Hunan, temporarily. No property has been reported wrecked or confiscated in their thirty-six stations and over one thousand outstations. Most of the schools, colleges and hospitals of all the missions are still open. Missionaries generally urge their governments to negotiate new treaties, and to adopt a policy of conciliation toward China-a policy actuated not by fear but by justice, confidence, and friendliness. A cable dispatch from the China Christian Council in Shanghai says "The future offers enlarged opportunity for Christian service in China."

It has been stated that many Chinese Christians are reverting to Buddhism or atheism. Th'ere is no evidence or fear of this. Some students of mission schools may be influenced by communistic propaganda to attack foreign institutions and to make unreasonable demands, but the great bulk of Chinese Christians may be counted on to stand true to their faith, in the face of temptation and danger, as they stood true in the days of the Boxer uprising.

WORLD CONFEREINCE ON JEWISH WORK W HEN the World Missionary Conference was held in" Edin- burgh in 1910, work for the Jews was not given any definite place on the program. As the conference progressed the necessity of giving special consideration to this vitally important field of missionary enterprise was recognized, and it was decided to call a special conference on Jewish work when it could be most advantageously arranged. Then the war broke out and all plans were postponed indefinitely. In the meantime great changes have been taking place in Jewish life, and the need and urgency of a common

EDl'fORIAL COMMENTS

policy and program for the evangelical churches of Christendom in their approach to the Jews have found frequent expression.

In response tv this general desire the International Missionary Council has arranged for two conferences to be held in Eastern Europe in .April. The first conference will be held in Budapest .April 7-13, and the second conference in Warsaw .April 19-25. .At these conferences a fresh study will be made of the Jewish situation throughout the world at the present time, the responsibilities of the Christian Church in the work of Jewish evangelization, and the most effective means of Christian approach.

These conferences should be held in Eastern Europe because that has been the center of Jewish gravity for centuries. Nine of the fifteen millions of Jews in the world live in these lands. It is there that the Jews are most Jewish and Judaism is seen in its most orthodox form. From there many of the Jews in other parts of Europe and of the world have emigrated. Three million of the four million Jews in .America have the Eastern Europe background. It is there tha:t the .Jew can be studied as he really is, and it is there that the problems which the Christian Church must face in its service for the Jews can be most definitely considered.

There are special reasons why Christian leaders feel that the present is a most opportune time for a consideration of work for the Jews. In almost every civilrzed land there have been manifestations of antisemitism. The Jews have been singled out as an undesirable element in the life of the nations. While the old days of repression, persecution, and denial of civil and political rights have passed, they are yet being subjected to much suspicion, ill will and discrimination. Even in America there has been a very definite antisemitic propaganda. This is one of the few lands of the earth where Jews felt reasonably sure of the continued enjoyment of liberty and justice. They are now ill at ease and less sure of their position. It is surely time for all Christian Churches to rebuke intolerance, and instruct their members to interpret to Jews the Christian spirit in terms of sympathy and kindness.

Then there is today a widespread revolt of the Jewish people against traditional Judaism. The old Talmudical religion is no longer taken seriously by the Jewish masses. They are neglecting the synagogue and are looking elsewhere–in Socialism or in some modern cult-for satisfaction. Many are investigating Christianity. They are reading the New Testament, visiting Christian churches, and listening to Christian messages over the radio. One of the most remarkable changes in the attitude of Jews is the place being given to Jesus. There is a general disposition to claim Him as a great prophet of their race. The publication in Hebrew of "Jesus of Naz- Hl'eth" by Dr. Joseph Klausner, a Jewish scholar in .Jerusalem, has carried the name of Jesus into every ghetto of the world. The Jew-

ish people seem to be on the eve of a religious renaissance. The critical nature of the situation makes this time particularly oppor- tune for a new consideration of the problem of" a really effective Christian approach to the Jew.

Dr. John R. Mott, whose missionary leadership has won the confidence of all the churches, wilt preside at these conferences. The delegates will be limited to one hundred, of whom fifteen will represent the United States and Canada. From·present indications the gathering will be representative of the best scholarship and experience in this great field of missionary effort.

The program of these conferences will be unique. There will be few papers read. A syllabus of topics will be sent out in advance of the meetings to all the delegates so that they will have the oppor- tunity of giving careful thought to them beforehand. A business committee will each day select and announce the topics to be discussed the following day. Committees on Findings will crystallize the re- sults of these discussions in concise statements which will make the results of the conferences available for those who have not been able to attend.

Provision has been made for an emphasis on the spiritual dy- namic at these gatherings. Biblical expositions and periods of devotion wm serve to keep all the discussions close to the evangelical purpose and deepen the sense of utter dependence on divine re- sources for the accomplishment of the work.

It is hoped that as a result of these gatherings there may be regained for Christendom a sense of responsibility for the Jews, and a return to the missionary methods of our Lord and His Apostles.

With the support of the earnest prayers of aU who are looking for the fulfillment of the sure promises of God concerning Israel, it may well be that these gatherings, under His blessing and guidance, will mark a distinct step forward in the work of winning the Jews to a recognition and appreciation of that Prophet of their people with whom their destiny is so unalterably bound. J. s. c.

ITEMS FROM EUROPE Protestant schools in Jugoslavia have been closed by the government.

In Poland, Catholic. priests are permitted to send their letters free. In Moscow, a young man, who disliked his father's religion so much that he killed him, was released by the judge, with a gentle rebuke. The rulers of Austria, Czecho-slovakia, Sweden, Finland and Mexico are like President Coolidge, total abstainers from intoxicants. In Sweden, pacifists are allowed to substitute hard labor for military service.

Impressions of

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Extract from a Report of a Recent Visit, Presented to the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions O DR first visit this time in Japan was to Hokkaido, the great upper island only now coming under cultivation and filling up with immigration from the south. It has an area of 23,- 000 square miles, about equal to West Virginia, with a population of 2,500,000 and the longest river in Japan, the Ishikari, 250 miles long. The Government estimate is that it can support 10,000,000. That population would represent 436 to the square mile as compared with 378 for all Japan proper, or 694 in Java, or 380 in Italy, or 536 in Holland, or 389 in Great Britain, or 872 in Kiangsu province in China, or 553 in Shantung. At present the Church Missionary Society of England and the American Congregationalists and Methodists have missionaries only at Sapporo (one family), and at Hakodate (two women). The Presbyterians have missionaries at Otanl Sapporo, Asahigawa and Nokkeushi.

This is a field in which the Church of Christ in Japan is justified in expecting continued help from America. There are now in Hokkaido 350 towns and villages of over 1,500 population in only fifty of which are there Christian workers. In the Asahigawa field of one million population, there are twenty-nine towns of over 5,000 each with no Christian worker. There are cities of 60,000 or more with no ordained missionary.

The Japanese are a migrant people but they do not like to migrate from the old and developed islands-Kiushiu, Shikoku and Honshu-and they are not filling up Hokkaido very fast. Still, in time, it is sure to be filled. Its climate and flora are like northern New England or southern Canada. I saw huge piles of large timber heaped up at sawmills or paper pulp mills or in the midst of the forest and cultivation is encroaching constantly on the arable untilled areas. The winters are severe but the summer air in August after the unbearable humid heat of Tokyo was like Maine or Quebec. The pressure of popUlation in Japan will inevitably fill up these frontier regions with hardy people detached from old inhibitions and in need of Christianity for their individual and community well-being.

The Church of Christ in Japan, with the cooperation of the Mission, should lay hold on this new society and build now the foundations of strong churches for the future. A large number of missionaries will not be needed. The Japanese Church will do most of the work, but in pioneer service and in assistance in hard and crucial centers, and in the Christian education of girls, the Japanese Church 173

needs and desires the maintenance of at least the present missionary staff.

On this fifth visit to Japan during the past thirty years, we were in Japan less than a month so that one hesitates to record what must needs be only superficial jUdgments. Our visit took us into all types of places and we had rare opportunities for discussion with members of both houses of the Diet, with university presidents and professors, with newspaper men and labor leaders, with pastors and evangelists, and with many other men and women. I can only name many of the impressions-the desolation of the earthquake in Yokohama and Tokyo, and the more rapid recovery of Tokyo though with deep and ineffaceable scars; the courage and fortitude of the people; the great increase in the use of foreign dress, especially by men (a Japanese deputation at the boat were all in foreign dress and of a large company of men at a reception at the Okuma Villa, all but three wore Western clothes); the innumerable bicycles built in Japan; the same little old trolley cars but the great growth of motor cars, especially of taxis; the immense increase in the use of electric light not only in cities but also in remote country villages due to the development of water power on the many short streams pitching down the mountains, and to the safety of electric lighting as compared with oil lamps in the wood and paper and thatch houses of the people; the extension of the radio, seen in little houses in the midst of the rice fields, in far-away, lonely farms in Hokkaido and in a network of receiving wires in the cities; the universal forestation program of the Government which seems to include everv eroded hillside and which has set out tens of millions of larch and ~pruce and pine trees; the efficiency and promptness of the railway service, the unexcelled porter system with its vast number of employees, chiefly boys, as it appears to a traveler; the appalling advanee in prices and costs, some charges still keeping low levels as, for example, meals in dining cars, but hotel bills and motor rates and many other charges equaling those in America; the cheerfulness, politeness, self-respect, honesty and trustworthiness of the people. Other visitors and residents in Japan report f)ther impressions. Beyond doubt, there is a great deal that is evil and discouraging and even repellent, but we were spared meeting it.

THE MEN ON WHOM PROGRESS DEPENDS Foremost among these impressions I would note the evidence of the character and capacity of the men on whom the progress of .Tapan depends. We talked with many of these men. Nowhere in the world are there men more earnestly concerned to find the right way or more deeply anxious over the tendencies which threaten the highest life of nations in our modern day.

One conversation was at a home of a former cabinet minister,

FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

one of the best known and most respected liberal leaders in thc Diet, a man of very independent character and opinion. He was much discouraged at the present political situation in Japan. There were present also a professor of political science in the Imperial Uni- versity in Tokyo and one of the ablest newspaper men in Japan, associated with two of the leading newspapers. The political science professor frankly avowed himself an idealist, making much use of Bryce and Lowell, and an admirer of President Wilson. All disapproved of Mussolini. History affords no justification of his type they said. He and Julius Clesar were really anarchists. They rep- resented a wrong attitude to the past. At the same time they expressed the conviction that history shows there is a place for overturnings. Japan had hers in the restoration of the Mikado over the Shog·unate. 'What Japan needs now, they said, is not MussoIini nor any upheaval but normal growth in reason and righteousness and liberal progress. Education is moulding the nation, but education also needs mOUlding. On the whole they expressed the thought that the pJ:ess is stronger even than education, but it is suffering from the influence of American journalism.

1'hen they turned on us with the question as to whether Christianity is dying out in the United States as has been represented to them by a professor of the University of Washington, Seattle. He had just been in Japan seeking a rectification of the unrest and want of tranquillity of America. We found their attitude very sympathetic to our own, though one of them was a Buddhist and another would probably call himself an agnostic with strong Christian sympathies. The latter was frank in his declaration that the life and leadership of Buddhism are impotent, that Confucianism is an atmosphere of mind, not a conviction, that Christianity is the only hope. He saw no sign of its dominating Japan, though he recogntzed the extent to which it had permeated the nation. Why could not great preachers come to Japan to sweep the nation7 He admired the missionaries as good men but said that while there are strong Japanese preachers, they are half foreign. vVe might have reminded him that he too represented the best of East and West. But what he also represents is the deep unrest and longing of good men in .Japan. "I do not understand our own country," he went on. "Foreigners come and write boo-ks about us but I have studied Japan for fifty years. I do not know its history. No one does. What are its real lessons~ What is the real character of the Japanesef The fiction of Bushido is not the key. Wonderful progress has been made in government and in morality, but who knows what our tendencies are, the national drift, the goal to which we move or the road we are to take ~ I am not a Christian but I tell my classes to read the Bible and to study Christianity."

"Nor am I a Christian," said our other friend as we walked

away, "but what Japan wants is more Ohristianity. Sometimes I think that some Buddhists are better Ohristians than some Ohristians, but true Ohristians are Japan's need." I know these men were sincere, and I am speaking now not of their recognition of Japan's religious need, but of their grave and deep concern for their country. The idea of Japan as a vain, cock-sure, opinionated nation, with no high principles and no thought of humble duty and world brotherhood is no more true than a similar idea of America. Weare all alike bewildered and honestly seeking to find the right road.

Beside these types, there are all the others that we know at home-the indifferent, the materialist, the selfish, the careless, the secularist, the artist, the determinist, the easy going-but not many optimists. Pretty much everyone realizes that a great transition is taking place and that tremendous forces are at work remaking the nation as they are remaking all nations and all the Japanese whom I have met are thinking of these things and striving to act toward them just as honest and thoughtful people in America are doing.

The true spirit of the kind of men we need both in the churches and out of them is expressed in the closing words of an essay on "Oonstitutional Loyalty," given us by Mr. Ozaki Yuk;io, one of the purest and best public men in Japan: "There is reason to be proud of the loyalty and patriotism of our people, but to rest content with present conditions and neglect to exert ourselves to insure further development would, I am afraid, prove the beginning of the decline of our national fortunes. The ancient saw, 'Pride invites loss and humility is rewarded by gain,' is not a maxim applicable to individuals only. . . . It is most regrettable that there should be persons who are tossed about by the storm of this reactionary age, who shrink into the narrow cell of conservatism, and who, shutting their eyes to the virtues of others, rest contented in bigoted and benighted self·sufficiency. All who desire to assist in carrying into practical effect the great scheme inaugurated by the Restoration and 'reclaim the waves of the great seas' should be larger-minded enough to adopt and assimilate all the best things of the world. Should Japan become puffed up with the meager success which she has hitherto achieved, and assume an air of ridiculous self-importance, I can not but feel deep anxiety for the future of the Empire.

" 'Oh, how I wish to make this country inferior to none, Adopting that which is good and rejecting that which is bad.'

(A stanza by the Emperor Meiji.) "

To the extent that these good and thoughtful men truly represent Japan it is evident that her need of Ohristianity is as great as ours. To the extent that they do not it is, if possible, greater.

Hope and encouragement in regard to Japan are abundantly warranted. It is no doubt true that Japan is being swept on today by powerful materialistic forces and that the Ohurch is inadequate to the task. It could hardly be otherwise with such commercial and industrial expansion as we have noted. No doubt, also, where men have not frankly embraced a materialistic view they have saved little

FRESl[ IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

more than their doubts and, in the matter of religion, are avowedly or practically agnostic. On the other hand, there is widespread moral discontent, and a genuine religious concern displayed in the new vitality of Buddhism and in a real recognition of the worth of Christianity. It is, of course, hard to judge the true significance of moral self-criticism in national life. There can be no doubt that many people are deeply troubled in Japan over corruption in office, want of principle in high places as well as low, immorality in society, the licensed vice of prostitution, the decline of driving moral forces in life.

On the Sunday before we left Japan, a representative meeting of all six parties in the House of Peers met to consider the present political situation "to wake the whole nation to the urgent need of moral reform." After a long discussion they adopted a memorandum beginning: "The official discipline is fast loosening; the people· are becoming careless of moral obligations and the prospects of the future. condition of our country are gloomy." Such words indicate at least that the Japanese speak the same language we speak and certainly they have no less reason for so speaking. That is far better than national pride or the attitude of mind which spends its strength denouncing other nations while its own house is burning.

On each visit, one finds new signs of Christianity's impact in Japan. In the Nishi Hanganji Temple of the Shin sect in Kyoto a priest, with whom we were talking of Buddhist conceptions, answered a question about prayer to Buddha, "Oh, it is just as you Christians pray to Jesus Christ." Such references to Christianity are met constantly from Buddhists who formerly either knew nothing of Christianity or considered it inconsequential. The big popular Asakasa Temple in Tokyo, belonging to the Tendai sect, is more popular than ever since the time of the earthquake when the fire burned to it and stopped. There a priest gave me some leaflets describing the worship of the Temple in Christian terms and ideas, even mentioning Christ and quoting teaching of Christ in confirmation of Buddhist conceptions. As Dr. Reischauer says, it will be a more or less Christianized Buddhism with which the Church of Japan will have to deal. The Church has no illusions on the subject. Its aim is a converted, as well as a Christianized, Buddhism. But that is not an impossibility. There are phases of Buddhism which are more akin to Christianity than to the teaching of Gautama.

It is often pointed out, and justly, that while Christianity is numerically small, yet its ideas and influence are constantly represented as though it were one of the dominant religious forces in the country. Its representatives stand forth as claiming a place not one whit behind or beneath Buddhism and Shintoism. They are claiming an acknowledged place and are seeking a satisfactory recognition in the new "Religions Bill" now before the Government.

2.

Among the students, even more than in the nation at large, Christianity has a disproportionately larger place of power. Mr. Shimomura, head of the Religious Bureau of the Department of Education, recently issued a statement that there were 48,000,000 Buddhists, 17,000,000 Shintoists and 210,000 Christians in Japan. He went on to state that an investigation of 177 higher educational institutions (27 colleges and universities, 23 medical colleges and universities, 29 collegiate institutions for men and 20 for women, 27 religious colleges and 51 technical colleges), show 222 religious organizations in these institutions, 101 Buddhist, 114 Christian, 2 Shinto and five others. Members of these organrzations include 6,292 Buddhists, 4,924 Christians, 180 Shintoists and 579 others. In other words 51% of the organizations are Christian and of the members 41% are Christian, though Buddhists number 73% of the total population of Japan and Christians only 1/3 of 1 per cent. Mr. Shimomura proceeded to point out that the adherents of Buddhism in Japan are not real and convinced Buddhists. "Generally speaking," he says, "there are few sincere inquirers after truth among Buddhists. If you do not seriously consider this matter then in 50 or 100 years Buddhism will lose its place and influence in our nation." "Christianity," he said, "is capturing the leadership. The leaders of industry, politics, journalism and the officials of the future are to be found in the universities and colleges where the survey has been made, and you must consider this phase of the question."

We must not take too much comfort from this warning addressed to the Buddhists. Christianity is a long way from capturing the leadership of Japan. The churches are not many and most of them are weak. Great leaders like Honda and U emura are few. Too many of the young men are scholastic and academic. Christian workers are sometimes perfunctory or petty or truculent or ungrateful. As everywhere, too many lay Christians are vacillating and compromIsmg. There are all the weaknesses which we know at home and there are heavy handicaps which Christianity must bear.

It is best to look squarely at the dark and discouraging features of the situation. But it is good also to see the other facts. And we have seen them clearer and brighter on this visit than ever before. Our last contacts with Japan were with the magnificent new building of the Shiloh Church on the earthquake ruins in Yokohama (for which one member contributed $75,000 gold), and with a company of noble Christian men and women who came down to see us off. We came home with a greater regard than ever for the Japanese people and a deeper affection for the Japanese Church and for the Christian missionaries in Japan and a surer confidence with regard to the future. The Church at home should respond to the call of the churches and missions in Japan with steadfast support and redoubled prayer. That call was expressed in the resolution passed in our

F'RESH lMPRESSrONS OJ.' ,TAPAN j79

Conference with the Executive Committee of the Mission and with the Church of Christ in Japan as follows: "In view of the great unoccupied areas in both city and country, especially the absolutely unevangelized condition of many millions in the smaller towns and the teeming countryside in every part of Japan, we state our fervent desire for the fullest reinforcements of the right spirit and qualifications for direct evangelism that the American Church can contribute. And there is need as well for extensive strengthening of our school staffs by the addition of specially trained, thoroughly qualified teachers for theological education, college work, and secondary grade both in Meiji Gakuin and in the several girls' schools. Everywhere there is need for the building up of school and college faculties.

"The foreign mission era in .Japan is not yet drawing to a close and any misconceptions in that regard should be dissipated and the sympathy, the prayers, and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

That call was also set forth while we were in Japan, somewhat quaintly but very definitely, by Mr. Ebizawa: ,,We believe a missionary has a brilliant future, at least for the next fifty years, provided he be well qualified in learning and personality, and be properly located so as· to meet the real needs of the community. . . .

"What Gospel we expect from the missionaries. Our people are bur- dened with too many systems of various religions, and if it means only to replace superstition with another kind of superstition, they will no longer need the missionary. We need no more heathen teachings gilded with nomi- nal Christianity. It is a plain fact that some class of people show their cravings for the 'signs and miracles' as did the Jews, but that can never be a reason for making the Gospel cheap, or Christianity will have nothing more to give than Tenri or Omoto-kyo. If it attempts to appeal to the utilitarian motive, Konkokyo will work much more efficiently. These religions have recently been putting forth their strength in their propaganda. If Christian preaching remains on that same level our ordinary people will cease to think of their need of the true Gospel. . . .

"Certainly this is the most difficult field in the world, but there is also a special opportunity for a missionary, we believe. We are of the opinion that to thoroughly Christianize Japan really means to Christianize the entire Orient. Then, after all, it is not a question whether or not we need the mIssIonary. Let him go ahead heedless of the feelings of even the whole nation if he has his own distinctive Christian message he ought to impart to this nation. . . . .

"We have written about the future place of our missionary, and we wish again to lay stress on the fact that Japan is a peculiar field where 'Vestern civilization meets face to face with that of the Orient, so that to a Christian worker in this land is given the rare opportunity to discover and build up real universal civilization upon the Christian principles. We might think of this field as a testing-place for the missionary work in the world. So long as Christianity remains inactive, unable to thoroughly Christianize ,Tapan, the world will remain with its dark hemisphere. The challenging voice from the land is clearly heard."

We must pray that the Church at home and its young men and young women may indeed hear this challenge and respond.

uN I T ED sTA Es Juarez.

GuL F oF – MEXI c 0 o MEXICO Scale of Miles 50 so 100 '00 300 400 SHOWING EVANGELICAL M,lSSTON STATIONS AFFECTED BY PROVISIONS OF THE MEXICAN OONS,TITUTION, NATIONAL- IZING CHURCH PROPERTY AND FORBIDDING FOREIGN CLERGY TO OFFICIATE AT PUBLIC RElLIGlOUS SERVICES

PFJRSONAL WORK BY THE WAYSIDE IN

Mexico from Within BY KORM A:>! W. TAYLOR, OAXACA, MEXICO T o UNDERSTAND ,the struggle 99ing..o.n i!} :Mexico todayw.e must know someth)ng of · theli'lstory ,of yes.ter9ay. W.p.en Cortez landed in Vera Cruz he was faced by ail almost superhuman task. Something more than natural courage was needed, Sl;) he capitalized the religions fervor of the sixteenth century. The conquest of the country took the fo rm of a religious crusade. Roman Catholic priests accompanied every expedition and the conquered liatives were baptized at the point of the sword. Quite naturally the result was a baptized paganism which persists to this day.

The Church shared largely in the material gain~ of the victors and became so dominant thut, as early as the middle of the seventeellth century, she wa s r egarded by some as a menace, and the Ayuntamiento of Mexico appealed to Phillip IV to curtail her power. Neverthel ess she continued to g row and to add to her wealth until she possessed one half of the best land in :Mexico.

Immense territorial possesFiion, untold millions of money in her coffers, and complete control over the minds of the masses through her spiritual claims, made the Church more powerful thali the Government. But the more enlightened people, in increasing numbers, came to regard her as a menace to the country's welfare.

It was this condition that made' such pattiots as Hidalgo, Morelos, and .Juarez willing to face the power of Rome. Despite papal hulls and excommunication, they disputed her right to the bodies as well as the souls of the people. It is one of the ironies of history 181

that the first two of these leaders in the revolt were parish priests, and the third had studied for the priesthood. The first step toward liberty was freedom from Spain. When this had finally been obtained, after a dozen years of bloodshed, they found that the internal shackles of the Roman hierarchy bound them as firmly as ever.

Many of the periodic revolutions which have devastated the country have been recurring efforts to break these bonds. On the surface they have appeared to be conflicts between rival generals but in reality they have been a struggle between the liberal and conservative elements struggling for the supremacy. The Liberals in Mexico desire true republicanism and local self-government; they ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN MEXICO contend for greater liberty and for the restoration of rights to the downtrodden masses. The Conservatives are the party of the Roman Catholic Church and include most of the large landowners; they are fighting to hold or regain the power and special privileges of earlier days.

. In the year 1857 Juarez promulgated a new constitution which has been the foundation of all subsequent legislation passed to curtail and control the special privileges and political activities of the Roman Ohurch. Then followed an event which has no parallel in the 19th century: Pope Pius IX issued a mandate against the constitution of the nation and called upon all the spiritual subjects of Rome to disobey the laws of their country. 'rhe constitution was applied to some extent, but the Church, by political activity and by fostering revolutions, did her best to hinder the observance of its

MEXICO FROM WITHIN ]83

A RURAL EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN MEXICO, AND ~'HErR CHAPEL provisions. All church property was nationalized, not in order to hinder or destroy religion hut in order to insure the use of the cathedrals and other church edifices for the benefit of the people. Last year an order was issued stating that, as all churches are national property, an inventory of the furnishings and belongings of each must be filed with the Secretary of State and the local authorities before the 31st of July. A declaration was also required, showing who was in charge of the church and work, to be signed by ten responsible members of each congregation. The Protestant churches complied with this order and have had no trouble but the Roman Catholic bishop ordered his clergy to refuse to comply with the edict. This has brought· on the crisis between that Church and the State.

It soon became known that the papal hierarchy was going to retaliate by withdrawing the priests from the churches at midnight on July thirtieth. Masses of people flocked into the cities and stood for hours in the hot semi-tropical sun, or huddled in the doorways during the rain, waiting for their turn to reach the confessionals. Great queues of mothers, with crying infants in their arms, waited outside the churches, sometimes for hours, in order to have their babies baptized. Women, with bottles in their hands, hurried to the churches in order to bring home a few drops of holy water, superstitiously believing that in some miraculous way it would be of help to them when they were without the ministration of the priests.

The Mexican Government has not interfered with worship in the churches but the Roman Catholic hierarchy, by withdrawing the priests from the churches, has cut off millions of souls from what they believe to be the means of grace and today these millions are

suffering greatly from fear of the consequence of being without this ministry. Thus the Roman Catholic Church is endeavoring to arOUse popular sentiment against the Government.

On the 31st of July the government officials entered the churches to make the necessary inventories but in an hour or two t:qey hande~ over the buildings to the ten appointed men in each case.

Foreign prIests, not being amenable to the laws of the land, have been such a source of trouble to Mexico, that the Government has felt it necessary to enact la:ws by which the foreign "clergy are for- bidden to officiate in any public religious services. These laws are applied without distinction to both foreign Roman Catholic priests and Protestant missionaries. . . While the Pxotestant niissionarle~, in' order to comply with the laws, have had to stop pre'aching in organized churches, their work is so varied that they have been able to continue service along other lines, leaving the actual preaching to the trained Mexican. On the other hand the foreign priests of Rome, whose chief work has been the public,admir).istration of mass, continued to officiate publicly when they dared. For this reason, many were deported.

One who is unfamiliar with conditions in Mexico is naturally mysti£ed to understand how the Calles Government is able to carry out its policies in a country that is so predominatly Roman Catholic.

This would be impossible if it were not for a large and enlightened section of the people who, although nominal Roman Catholics, are out of sympathy with the course adopted by the hierarchy.

On the £rst of August last year a great parade took place in Mexico City, when it is said that at least £fty thousand men paraded in support of the President's program. A friend who watched the parade from the front of a large church later told me that he thought that at least thirty per cent of the men parading had lifted their hats in respect while passing the church. By this act they showed their religious sentiment, but by marching in line they testified to the fact that they were out of harmony with the announced policies of their Church.

These more enlightened Mexicans also believe in the educational policy of the Government realizing that Mexico can never come into her inheritance while eighty per cent, or more, of the population are illiterate. The Government is making great efforts to educate the masses. There are now 13,257 rural and elementary schools through- out the country and the Federal Government's educational budget for the last year is reported to have been twenty-six million pesos, In addition the various states spent about forty per cent of their incomes on education. During the present year the Federal Govern- ment hopes to establish two thousand additional schools.

The same authority reports that four out of every ten children of school age are in public schools and many others attend private

MEXICO FROM WJ1'HTN J85

schools. It is, therefore, estimated that fifty per ccnt uf the children of school age are under instruction.

An American authority 011 educational matters makes this arresting statement: "It is estimated that if ten years of tranquility are secured for Mexico there will be schools for the entire population and illiteracy, as far as the new generation is concerned, will be wiped out."

The Roman Catholic Church has dominated the country for three and a half centurics and had her opportunity to educate the people; if she had done so there would not exist today the great ignorance and poverty that prevail and a few years of revolutions would not have retarded the country to such an extent.

The present conflict between Church and State is causing Mexico to suffer, but ill her suffering she is thinking and asking questions. She is beginning to doubt the infallibility of the Church and is seeking to know the Truth. The pastors of evangelical churches report that many strangers are continuaUy in attendance at their services and that a deepening interest in spiritual matters is evident on every hand. The American Bible Society also reports a larger sale of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions during the .latter part of last year than at any similar period.

'l'hese things are an evidence that God is working in Mexico, and causes even the wrath of man to praise Him. Shall we not unitedly pray that He will use the present events to bring Mexico to a knowledge of Himself as He has been revealed in Jesus Christ'

SOME EVANGELICAL CH HIS'I'IAN WORKEHS IN. OAXACA

Mexico-Before and After the

BY REV. WILLTA~f WALLACE, MEXICO Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions SINOE Mexico started her Revolution some fifteen years ago, she has probably attracted more attention than at any time (except, possibly the period of Maximilian's Empire), since her conquest by Cortez. It has been almost impossible, in the welter of contradicting news items, to get at the real causes of these disturb- ances or properly to evaluate the revolutionary program. Having spent my childhood in South America, where my father began mis- sionary work in 1861, and having made intimate contacts with all classes and conditions of men and women in Mexico, from university rectors to unlettered peons of the plains and corn-planting Indians of the Sierra' Madre, during my thirty-six years' residence in that country, I may be able to throw some light on the subject.

When one asks the average ignorant Mexican to name his national hero, he generally replies Gaona, a full-blooded Indian and the great- est bun fighter of the twentieth century. Probably Pancho Villa's name is better known outside of Mexico than that of Hidalgo, the patriot priest, called the Washington of Mexico, or of Juarez, called the Lincoln of Mexico.

I would like to try to capture your sympathetic interest for Mexico in her present struggles to achieve economic and social liberty. The development of an intelligent mutual understanding between the two countries and the creation of a genuine sympathy for the national culture and ideals of the respective countries will go a long way in solving all our difficulties. Mexico illustrates in a remarkable manner the progress of the Kingdom of God under varying conditions wherever we have carried the banner of Christ.

In Mexico we see the same struggle that is being carried on in China, India, Turkey and in some of the newer republics of Europe. These people are trying to realize four great objectives: 1. To effect self-determination in their national life. 2. To solve their labor and agrarian and social problems. 3. To be independent of foreign control in their social, industrial, intellectual and religious life. 4. In Mexico there is a determination to check the influence of the Chm:ch in,the field of politics. This has been the underlying cause of many of the revolutions. Mexico and the United States represent two types of civilization': They present contrasts in religion, in culture, and in temperament. North of the Rio Grande we find predominating the blonde race, whose ancestors came largely from Northern Europe. To the south, 186

1027J :~m.xrco-13EE'OH~; AND Al!"l'lm THE HEVOLU'l'rON

the racestock is Indo-Iberian; that is, Spanish and Portuguese. The Indian predominates in Mexico but is modified by the South European stock. In the United States the dominating type of religion is Protestant, largely determining our civil and religious institutions. Among the Mexicans it is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. Our culture is English in its language and traditions and north European in its emphasis on the exposition of our moral and spiritual ideals in material forms, production, distribution and mechanical devices. Their culture is Spanish with its Latin emphasis on art, music and poetry. We emphasize the head in a hearty sort of way; they emphasize the heart in a heady fashion. In temperament we are evolutionary, working out our problems of social life piecemeal, with only an occasional political convulsion; their temperament is revolutionary, with its logical radicalism, seeking to achieve results immediately moving along a straight line.

Up to the time of the Mexican War of '47, we tried as a p'eople to ignore them. But "Fate or Providence" has placed us side by side with a frontier of a thousand miles difficult to patrol. Our contacts have been increasing and will continue to'increase. It is possible for us to be poor neighbors, or we can be good neighbors. mutually helpful.

Most people fail to realize how great a contribution Mexico has made to our national life. Geographically she has given us one half of her territory (Texas to the Pacific Coast), surrendered at the close of the Mexican War. Of late years over a million Mexicans have immigrated into the United States, supplying the demand of labor for our beetfields, our fruit orchards, factories and railroads. In fact, Mexico, exempted from the immigrant quota imposed on other countries, is now our main reliance for supplying the shortage in our labor markets. Naturally, whatever efforts we make in behalf of good relations with Old Mexico and in contributing to her moral and intellectual (not merely material) development will react favorablv on the Mexicans.

Yuc~tan supplies our wheat farmers with heneken harvester binding twine. Campeche sends us our indispensable chicle (chewing gum), and fine woods. Tabasco feeds us with bananas and cocoa. The state of Vera Cruz exports vanilla and coffee. Mexico's great central table land contributes one fourth the world's output of silver. Her cattle on a thousand plains furnish us with horns and hides. Finally, each summer, several hundred students of Spanish from our schools (Boston to San Francisco; Twin Cities to New Orleans), attend every summer the University Vacation School established by the Mexican Government in Mexico City.

In spite of these ties which should develop a rising tide of grateful interest in Mexico, I see stretching along our borders and rising to startling heights a great wall of prejudice dividing us. On this

side stand out in lurid letters these word,,: "race prejudice; COlltempt; ignorance; greasers; half-breeds; revolutionaries; bandits."

That is the mental complex associated with that wonderful and fas- cinating country, blotting out more attractive ones. .

On the Mexican side I see printed these words: "Yankees; dol- lar chasers; crushing' corporations; capitalistic monsters." On the heels of these mutual epithets, follow the sensitive pride of a weaker race, and the sense of being ignored, misrepresented, misunderstood.

Evidently what is most needed on our part is all understanding'

sympathy based on a knowledge of their history, their great men and the tremendous sacrifices that many of Mexico's more noble spirits have made to achieve for their country enduring civil and religions liberty. How many American Christians could mention the names of Mexico's ViTashington (the patriot priest Hidalgo), and her great Lincoln (the Zapaotec Indian Juarez) ~ Prescott's History of ~fex­ ico and" The Fail' God," by Lew 'Vallace, and books of travel make little real contribution to understanding' today's problems in Mexico.

During the past sixty years evangelical missionaries have built up a great church, supported by the second and third generation of communicants brought up in the Christian faith. Naturally the first converts were looked on by the "Mother Church" as apostates from Rome, renegades. Now our church people are accepted by their Roman Catholic neig'hbors as a legitimate element in the religious life of the country. Mexican Protestants now sing, "Faith of Our Fathers, Living Still" ·with the same zest as their Roman Catholic neighbors. The stimulating and leavening influence of our work is seen along many lines. Over thirty years ago the Presbyterians estab- lished a normal school for women in the frontier state of Coahnila.

The Governor Cardenas decided that it was time that the States should have a school of its own. In looking around for a director he picked out Dr. Andres Osuna, then pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the city of Saltillo. He sent him together with four young men to the State Normal School at Bridgewater, Conneticut, where two years were spent in thorough training. During the ensuing twelve years Dr. Osuna bnilt up a fine normal school in the capital of his own state. Later Dr. Osuna was chosen by President Car- ranza to be Director of Public Instruction of the whole republic.

At present he is in charge of the Union Evangelical Press, gives temperance addresses throughout the republic and serves as a kind of liason officer between the foreign missionaries and the more intel- lectual elements of the countI·y.

One day our Mission established a primary school in the beau- tiful town of Paraiso near the coast of Tabasco. Prettv Soon the local authorities woke up to the fact and decided that Protestant " Yankees" should not have a monopoly of education in the town.

MEXICO-BEFORE A='iD AF'l'ER THE R;EVOLuTIOK

So they began a school of their own. Eventually the good-natured lazy priest, rubbing his eyes, remarked, "These heretics have started a school; these atheists have started another; it is high time for the Mother Church to have a school of her own." So we made three schools "to grow where none had grown before."

Until lately athletics were practically unknown in Mexico. Through the efforts of the Y. M. C. A. many Mexican young men of the best families awoke to the superiority of wholesome athletics over bull fighting and cock fighting. Soon baseball and football teams began to be organized all over the republic. A young graduate of a Presbyterian preparatory school in the Valley of Mexico was asked by President Carranza to reorganize the great Federal Preparatory School of Mexico in which 1,500 young men are preparing for different professions. Moises Saenz employed Mr. Aguirre, a Cuban by birth, an American by citizenship and an athletic Christian by profession, to develop a cf)mplete system of athletics in his school. The contagion has spread. In a little Indian town in the Valley of ~Iexico, where we have a Protestant congregation, the young men have organized three football teams. They do not always have full equipment but in that hardy race, often barefooted, they handle the pigskin with great effectiveness.

When I went to Mexico there were no playgrounds in any of the schools or centers. However, a few years ago one of our missionaries secured equipment for a playground in our social center, this being the first one established in the country. Later the American colony inspired by this example presented a well-equipped playground to the Mexican Government as its contribution to the Centennial of Mexico's independence. Playgrounds are now to be found in the parks and schools of all the great centers of the country.

Before the revolution the leaders of education at the University of Mexico were disciples of Comte and the whole curriculum was based on the postivist philosophy which deals only with phenomena. Later Herbert Spencer and the agnostic influence became immensely popular among the educated men and women but more lately a great spiritual movement has boen set in motion. The Bible is freely quoted in school rooms where before the name of God was not even mentioned. Many of the professors have become spiritualists, but the rector of the National University is an outspoken evangelical Christian, having become interested in the study of the Bible through the Y. M. C. A. 'rhe rector of the School of Mines and Engineering is an active member of the Triangle Club, meeting weekly for Bible study and prayer. The Sub-Secretary of Public Education who has charge of the technical organization of primary and secondary schools throughout the republic, is the son of a Presbyterian elder and himself a devoted Christian. These are only a few of the con-

crete cases which show the stimulating and leavening influence of our work throughout the republic.

Many people, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, speak approvingly of the contribution made by mission schools to the development of Mexico. They have exerted a remarkable educational influence on the whole country.

The contrast in the life of the Mexican people "before and after the Revolution" can be shown in many ways. Before the Revolution the Indian and peon were leading a soporific existence without any consciousness of their place in the social order. Ever since the conquest in fact, this element had lost the consciousness of a real soul with the corresponding possibility of development and progress. During my first twenty years in Mexico, "law, order, peace" were the watchwords. The long wars of reform and of intervention had been fought to a finish. President Diaz, originally a troublemaker, having started revolutions against his old leader, President Juarez, and later against President Lerdo, had finally come into power and convinced the country that he was the man to bring about permanent peace and order and develop the material resources of the country. He was friendly to foreign capital; he knew men and surrounded himself with able administrators; he balanced the budget; he ruthlessly suppressed all uprisings. But the vast mass of the people, ninety per cent of peons and workers in factories and small tradesmen, gradually lost all initiative. They became mere employees of their employers who in turn collaborated with the "Master of Mexico" and his circle of friends, in an interlocking system. The states became mere provinces; the justices of the courts became appointees of the Executives; the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were puppets to execute the will of the Executives, already expressed through special committees, which presented unanimous reports, worked out in consultation with the president and his cabinet.

But another revolution was simply unthinkable. Madero himself dreaded the consequences of any violent uprising. It was only when Diaz openly disregarded the will of the people and insisted on appointing his own successor that armed groups in the north and south of the Republic broke out in open rebellion. Madero finally consented to be their leader. Now after nearly twelve years of armed conflict the states have become free and sovereign. The Indians and peons face their employers frankly and openly, knowing that in the last resort they can back up their demands with a gun.

Americans are apt to be very impatient with Mexico because of the disordered condition of things caused by her conflict with the Roman Catholic hierarchy and with foreign corporations doing business there. The lives of our citizens and missionaries are, as a rule, just as safe there as in our own country. We would exercise more patience probably if we would remember that the situation in Mexico

927] MEl,xiCO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE R·EVOLUTiON

closely parallels that of our own South immediately after the close of the Civil War. Twenty years passed before anything like normal conditions prevailed once more. The peons and Indians and in general, the working classes in Mexico, on achieving their new liberties through the Mexican revolution, find themselves in a very similar position to that of the Negroes suddenly brought out of ignorance and slavery into the full enjoyment of their political rights as full-fledged citizens.

Up to the time of the revolution, no real labor union was in existence in Mexico, with the possible exception of the orders of. engineers and conductors on the railroad.:, Any attempted strike was crushed out by the Federal troops, often with bloodshed. With the new order of things introduced by the revolution, labor began to organize along various lines. In many places the Reds have been in control, but the Federal Government has always favored the development of conservative unions, modeled after the labor unions in the United States. It is untrue to say that the Mexican Constitution is Bolshevik and the Government atheistic.

The new spirit of initiative is shown in many ways. Formerly every movement, whether cultural or political or economic, "came down from above," as everybody understood that any initiative on the part of the people would be looked upon with disfavor by those in power. Today we find all kinds of groups and circles seeking to promote the general welfare along such lines as hygiene, music, art. In the great amphitheatre of the National Preparatory School, wonderful programs have been put on, introducing the public to a knowledge not only of the great masters in music and art but also of their own historical background as represented by the folklore, songs and dances of old Aztec and Toltu days. Formerly the educated classes were ashamed of anything that was Mexican and all education was carried along the line of foreign traditions. Now they are proud of everything that is national and indigenous. I well remember what might be considered the date of "the awakening of a nation." Diaz had continued in power for thirty years as "a material builder and master. " Finally he gave the people to understand that he was ready to have free elections for a successor in the presidential chair.

On the fifth of February, 1910, two great meetings were held in the City of Mexico in honor of the adoption of the constitution in 1857. That day I attended two meetings held within two blocks of each other which offered a remarkable contrast between the old regime that was soon to be rung out and the new which was so soon to be rung in. The first meeting I attended was high mass in the aristocratic church of St. Francico, an old building, confiscated during the War of Reform, but later restored by the wife of President Diaz. The occasion was a great reception given by the Archbishop of Mexico

and prelates from neighboring dioceses in honor of the Papal Legate. The occasion was signalized by great pomp. The friendly relations with &me were symbolized by the carrying of the Nuncio's train and the kissing of his feet by the highest dignitaries of the Church who prostrated themselves before Rome's representative. He was the last Legate who was allowed to reside in Mexico, having been expelled for violating the laws of the land.

There is a general feeling abroad in the States that the radical program of the Mexican Government is very comunistic and unfair to the foreigners 'who have acquired rights in the country, as well as to the foreign clergy who are anxious to help in the building up of that country. It is difficult for us to appreciate the attitude that has been taken by the Mexican Government. In our own countrv we have had from the beginning a great many, perhaps too many,' different churches, all of which are allowed to own property.

In Mexico it is totally different. '1.'he Roman Catholic Church from the beginning has educated the whole nation to the idea that their Church is the only legitimate representative of the religion of the whole people, barring a few heretics and'foreigners who are not considered an essential part of the national life. The civil government, conducted as at present by a liberal minority of progressive Catholics, finding their program of education of the people and of labor and social reforms blocked at every step by the Roman Catholic Church, has taken substantially this attitude: "You clergy may indeed represent the moral and spiritual interests of the nation; the Government represents the material interests, including the control of property and lives. As you have chosen to use your material wealth to oppose, and if possible to break down, the constitution and laws of the country, we will take over control of these material interests, leaving you at liberty to carryon your spiritual activities. But you must register all your properties and place them under the control of the civil authorities." The Government after taking an inventory of all these properties has insisted that the doors be kept open for the free exercise of religious rights and ceremonies. The Hierarchy has forbidden the priests to officiate until the Government has changed its policy. As a result thousands of the faithful enter the churches to pray before the various images and are becoming accustomed to worshipping without the presence of a priest. In the present situation the Protestant element in Mexico has followed the apostolic injunction of "obeying the ordinance of the powers that be. " As a result they have found themselves enjoying the same liberty of action in all their legitimate work as they were before registering their properties. There will never be any danger of the Government taking the properties away from any church and putting them to some other use so long as they are used legally and not for. political propaganda.

MEXICO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE REVOLUTION

One should not be surprised at the strong anti-foreign feeling exhibited in the awakening of Mexico to a new life. 'For many rea- sons foreigners usually are to be found at the head of all the big business enterprises, have charge of the higher schools (not govern- ment), and exercise a determining influence very often in the inter- national relations of the country. Naturally, native Mexicans be- came impatient at finding themselves playing "second fiddle" and not "first fiddle" as they would like to do in their own national life.

This has led to what seem harsh restrictions on foreign enterprises; The motive, however, is perfectly legitimate, as it represents the in~ stinct of self-preservation and liberty of action, free froni foreign domination. ' ,.' ; The Protestants have made a very definite contribution to Mexi~ can progress. In the first place the awakening of the conscious,ness of the people through the light of the Gospel itself, the habits of self~ government in the churches in which the laity truly have a part, ,an~ the legitimate desire to take an active part in public affairs hav~ all been promoted by our evangelical churches and schools. We lulve also promoted integrity of character in the leadership of the great forward movement. '

How can we help most effectively in the solution of Mexi,co's problems t First, by getting an intelligent and sympathetic under- standing of their situation; not interfering or intervening, but, con- tributing with our quota of moral and spiritual values; second, by reenforcing the missions which have done a remarkable work with a very limited supply of men and money; lastly, we can provide schol- arships in our schools throughout the United States for the education of young Mexicans of promise. The interchange of students and pro- fessors between the two countries will undoubtedly prove to be one of the most valuable contributions to that more perfect understand- ing which is the basis of a genuine international friendship and a mutual helpful attitude.

In Mexico-Far from the Beaten Tracks BY ETHEL R. DOCTOR, OAXACA, MEXICO nAFTER nearly three days of riding on horseback from Oaxaca Oity over the Sierra I arrived in Yatzachi on New Year's Eve. rt was twilight when I descended the trail which leads to the village, and in the distance I heard the excited cries of welcome to "El Senor," Mr. Van Slyke, who had returned home. The Indian boy at my horse's heels said, "Ah, Senorita, the village is very'happy now-everybody sings or whistles hymns. Before it was so sad."

"But, " I said, "only the Ohristians sing hymns do they not y" "Oh, no, Senorita everybody is happier, even those who do not 3

know why they are happy, sing or whistle. I don't know how to explain it but, 0h, Senorita, the village is so differ ent now!"

After supper I went out on the porch of the "-White Hou se"

as the home of Mr. and Mrs. L. P. Van Slyke is called by the natives. It was nine 0 'clock and many village men, seated on benches and women squatted Indian fashion on .straw mats, were listening to music from the magic music box- the phonograph. They were wait- ing for the Watch-Service which was to begin at eleven. When the service begau Mr.

Van Slyke gave a short 'imd im- pressive talk on the significance of the Lord's Supper and the respon- sibility and privilege of church membership. As I watched the silent faces of the attentive con- gregation of one hundred and fifty or more, and listened to their fer- vent prayers I was impressed with the sincerity of these new Chris- tians. Four men were baptized and were received into church membership upon confession of faith. 'rhey were tlle first Chris- tians of the first Christian church in the Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The blackness of the nigh t and the peculiar silence of distant places settled over us, as A WOMAN OF YATZACHI E'L BAJO, the four Indians, with Mrs. Van OAXACA Slyke, Miss Taylor and I partook of the Lord's Supper. We seemed to be glorified by the Lord's presence. Christ had r eally come to Yatzachi and His coming was not transitory or imaginary but real. The people of Yatzachi are not only honored and glad at His coming but they are savedtransformed in their daily life and habits, blessed and made strong in the faith. He says, "Behold I stand at the door and knock; if any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me."

Christ-dwelling in the hearts of His messengers, moving them.

to sacrificial service-has come to Yatzaohi el Bajo, Oaxaca, Mexico, and has worked wonderful changes in the Indians.

Yatzachi has opened the door to Christ. You- with your prayers and your giftS–{}an make it possible for Christ to knock at the heart's door of many in out-of-the-way places in Mexico.

You Beat the Dutch?

BY REV. SAMUEL M.. ZWE:MER, D.D.

COMPARISONS may be odious but we have the highest authority in regard to their utility. When the Apostle Paul wrote to the Corinthian Church on so delicate a subject as their financial affairs and the needed grace of benevolence, he did not scruple to tell the story of other churches and let the tardy and self-centered Co- rinthians draw their mvn conclusions. "1Vith regard to the collection for the saints," said he, "you must carry out the same arrangements as I made for the churches in Galatia." Then he tells of regular, proc portionate, weekly contributions by some early method of the" du- plex" envelope-or was it a duplex bag~ Titus started a financial campaign at Corinth (2 Cor. 8: 6) but had great difficulty. Paul, therefore, returned to "the unmentionable sin" of selfishness and wrote of the churches in Macedonia, " Amid a severe ordeal of trouble their overflowing joy and their deep poverty together have poured out a flood of rich generosity; I can testify that up to their means, aye and beyond their means, they have given-begging me of their own accord, most urgently, for the favor of conf1-ibuting to the S1[P- port of the saints." (Moffat's Version.) "Now then, you who are to the front in everything, in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all zeal, and in love for us-do come to the front in this gracious enterprise as well. I am not issuing any orders, only using the zeal of others to prove how sterling your own love is …… I want a generotts gift, not as money wrung out of you …… for God loves a hilarious giver." (2 Cor. 9: 7 Greek text).

In my journeyings through many parts of our country I have never come across such large per capitas and such hilarious giving as in certain Dutch-American communities of the Reformed Church.

The facts are sufficiently eloquent to need no comment save the cap- tion of this brief article, "Can you beat the Dutch 7"

Four of these churches, typical of others which could be put into the same category, represent farming communities in the middle west, or truck-farmers and small business men in the vicinity of Chicago. Here is the list: .

Gifts fm· Congregational }{ame of Ch1lreh Members Others E'xpenses South Holland, Ill. . . . . . .. 506 $12,932 $7,756 Third, Pella, Iowa ……. 433 5,953 4,847 First, Hull, Iowa …….. 384 8,539 First, Sioux Center, Iowa. 471 6,487 10,080 8,647 In 1921 the church at Sioux Center gave away $19,053 and spent $6,941 on itself. For the last six years, the church at South Holland, Illinois, has given more to others than it has spent on itself.

195

In a letter the Rev. T. W. Muilenberg, pastor of the South Holland church, writes: "We use principally English, although we still preach the morning sermon in Dutch. There are three other churches here, two Christian Rleformed and one old Reformed, the last one very small. .Most of the people here are farmers, since this is strictly a rural community.

"My method is very simple; a couple of Sundays before, I state as plainly, forcefully and clearly as possible the claims of the cause or cau~es, and usually the response comes.

I I My people have a warm heart for missions, and they do not need so much for themselves j they are a plain people and live simply."

Another church that belongs to the Macedonia class is located at Passaic, New Jersey. It has no wealthy members. It is still struggling with. the bilingual problem of meeting the spiritual needs and desires of a minority of elderly naturalized Dutch-Americans and of their progressive children and grandchildren-but their offerings remind one of the Greek word which Paul used. They are positively "hilarious" in their devotion to the collection-plate. After a visit the pastor wrote me as follows: "Just as a matter of information and encouragement let me give you our collections last Sunday: Special missionary collection …………………………… . $425.31 The regular offering for the church ……………… . 190.77 'l'he regular offering for benevolence …………….. . ……. . For Ministerial Pension }i'und ………………………….. . 141.93 67.55 The total we collected ……………………………. $825.56 So you. see that the special collection did not interfere with the regular. You did not make a mistake by not preaching."

It is even more hilarious (for the missionary) when we add that by special vote of the session the offering for missions was not taken at the time of our visit but was postponed because the snow and sleet had kept some people away that day from the privilege of the offer- ing! Of course, there are many other churches in all sections of our country that are examples of liberality and self-denial. But there are congregations where one is reminded at the time of one's visit, and when reading the annual report, of the verses by an Episcopalian rector in Milwaukee: "The treasurer shuffles his bills, And his eye with anxiety fills; People think it is flip To pay God with a tip, And spend fortunes on feathers and frills."

Glance over the per capita of your own congregation, your diocese or cIassis or presbytery, or synod, perchance your own per capita for the Kingdom of God, and see whether you "can beat tho Dutch."

Hope for America, Except-

BY REV. JOHN MoDOWELL, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HERE are three possible interpretations of the present con- ditions in America. The Hopeless Pessimist thinks that everything is bad and growing worse. The Blind Optimist says that everything is perfect and growing better. The Dissatisfied Idealist admits that everything is not perfect, that there are radical defects in American life and many things that are not right. But he believes that there is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ the power that will make things right.

This belief and confidence of the Dissatisfied Idealist is rooted in three great convictions: First, there is no hope for America apart from the Kinpdo1n of God. By the Kingdom of God we mean what Jesus Christ himself meant when He taught the world to pray: "Thy Kingdom come, 'l'hy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven." This means one thing, namely, the reign of God in the life of men and in the life of nations. History and experience prove conclusively that no political scheme, no educational system, no industrial arrangement, no social ideal, apart from the Kingdom of God can ever save America. 1Ve are learning in these days again that there is no substitute for good will, in either national or international relationships, and that there is no good will worthy of the name that is not rooted and grounded in the Kingdom of God which, according to the Apostle Paul, is "a Kingdom of righteousness, and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost."

Second, there is no hope for the Kingdom of God apart from the Christian Cht!rch. By the Christian Church we mean something more than a body of doctrine or a form of ritualism or a system of government. 1Ve mean what the Apostle Paul meant by it, namely, "the body of Christ." As the body of Christ, the Church is charged with the responsibility of expressing the spirit of' Christ to the world, proclaiming the message of Christ to mankind and doing the work of Christ. That work is saving and serving men in all the earth. Other agencies will help the Church to bring in the Kingdom but no one of them or all combined will take the primary responsibility for this task. The Church is the authorized, designated instrument through which Jesus Christ is building His Kingdom. It is not a perfect body. It has its defects and has failed in many respects, but after all it is the one great agency in America that is giving its time and its thought, its life and its resources to the establishment of the Kingdom of God in America.

Third, there is no hope for the Christian Church apart from a consecrated and effective leadership.

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Five characteristics must mark the leadership that is demanded today. It must be: (1). Intelligent. The leaders we need must know the will of God, the Word of God and the work of God. The leaders of the Church must be able to inspire, but also must give information regarding the moral and spiritual conditions of the nation.

(2). Efficient. It must be a leadership that can apply its knowl~ edge to the needs of the times. Fairly and fearlessly these leaders must apply the principles of Jesus Christ, not only to the life of the individual, but to the entire life of the nation.

(3). It must be optimistic. While recognizing the evils of the times, and deeply conscious of tendencies which are threatening to deny our ideals and impair our institutions, we need a leadership that believes "God still reigns" in America and that His will can be done and will be done in the life of this great nation.

(4). It must be cooperative. By this we mean that it must incarnate the spirit of the Apostolic Church which is expressed in the words, "with one accord." This is essential to all effective cooperation. No amount of mere agreement in opinion or common methods, or even a united budget will ever produce the cooperative spirit which is needed today in the leadership of the Church. Cooperation must root itself in the spirit that will make the Church of "one accord" even though it may not make it possible for the Church to face its task with one method, or one opinion or one form of organization..We need the spirit of the gathering of the Chinese Christians in China a few years ago, when they said, ",Ve are agreed to differ but we are resolved to love." A leadership dominated by this spirit cannot be defeated. A Church guided by this spirit will be a converting and conquering Church.

(5). The leadership for today must be sacrificial. Only as the leadership of the Church isdedicaied to the principle of the Cross can we draw men to Jesus Christ. The Christian leaders of the future must rededicate their lives to the same principle that actuated .Jesus Christ, the principle of sacrifice. It is still true that we must lose our life for Christ's sake if we would keep it. The best things in the life of the nation can be kept only as it gives them away. A spring is a spring only as long as it gives its waters to the flowing stream. When it ceases to give it becomes a stagnant pool. A window is a window only as long as it transmits light. "Vhen it absorbs light it ceases to be a window. When a nation ceases to give its best to the world, it ceases to be Christian. God save America from the calamity of self-absorption-from the calamity of losing ber life by trying to keep it. Given a leadership that is intelligent, efficient, optimistic, cooperative and sacrificial, the Church can and will accomplish its task of establishing the Kingdom in America, and thus saving the nation.

A OOMMUNI'T'Y MEETING OF COAL MINERS AND THEIR

The Human Factor in Coal Mining* 1 BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, MOUITTCf,AIR, NEW JERSEY JG. BRADLEY, President of the West Virginia Ooal Operators' Association recently said, "Industry belongs to the men. as • never before. Improvement of the physical life of the workers is a sound basis for larger spiritual development. It is the belief of the Y. M. O. A. in this principle and the carrying out of the same in its program that appeals to the operators, and has helped to win their confidence in the Association as an efficient welfare agency." Many coal operators have expressed the belief that the "Y," being a mutual organization which helps unite the interests of both employer and employee, wiII have an increasingly important part to play in improving conditions, promoting good-will and building character.

As far back as 1883 the "Y" was working with miners and in 1895 numbers of college men were enlisted to serve mining camps during the summer months. By 1906 a comprehensive program of educational work with foreigners, and a series of mining institutes for the more skilled workers, was well under way. During the past decade, the program of service has been extended on a more perma- !liThe last Anthracite Coal Strike cost railro·ad and mining companies $3,000,000 per day and caused immeasurable suffering. Can such strikes be made unnecessary by the multiplication af Christian agencies?

199

nent and far-reaching basis. West Virginia now boasts ten miners' Y. M. C. A. buildings, serving over 20,000 people weekly. Colorado and Wyoming have twenty buildings, most of them in the camps of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. The work was organized several years ago after the big strike, at the earnest request of the men, both union and non-union, as well as company officials. In spite of obvious difficulties, it has succeeded beYQnd all expectations. Here, as elsewhere, an all-round program of educational, social, physical, spiritual and thrift work is being carried on with excellent results. The growth of one Y. M. C. A. in West Virginia is notable. Several years ago a saloon was transformed into a "Y," the bar becoming A PLAYGROUND IN A MINING TOWN the secretary's desk. The work has expanded until today it is carried on there in a fine new building.

The Christian service program in a typical coal mining town is varied and comprehensive. Educational classes, clubs, athletics, character talks, motion pictures, health and other exhibits, Bible classes and special meetings, socials, celebration of foreign and American holidays, thrift campaigns, and many other activities are the usual thing. In one town the "Y" man realized the special need of developing various kinds of labor, essential to the community, out of the town itself. Vocational studies were started in track-laying, drainage, ventilation, etc., and a special educational committee became responsible for a remarkable program. The "Y" library was greatly enlarged, and to stimulate interest, a "public reader" was introduced several evenings each week.

1927J THE HUMAN FAC'l'OR IN COAL MINING

When saloons thrived the "Y" had a real competitor and in a few months, the "Y" generally won. One saloon-keeper said, "General business is good, but saloon business is on the bum. That -Yo M. C. A. is getting all the men!", The work is supported by contributions from both the men and the miniug companies and all activities are promoted by committees of the men. 'l'his democratic plan wins the enthusiastic interest of all types of people in the community.

One mining operator has frankly described his difficulties as follows: "We realized that our own men were becoming dissatisfied, not so much over wages, but on account of the general unrest. The men would stop work A SUNDAY·SCHOOL GROUP OF MINERS' CHILDREN at our mine, and go to other mines, and we would have new men coming in to take their places, with no apparent reason. Our pay days were disgraceful. Drunkenness was common. This led to lawlessness, which, in a great many cases, resolved itself into suits and litigations, and affected to some extent all the men working at our property. Whenever the mine was idle, time hung heavy on their hands. These periods of idleness usually brought about disastrous results. It was difficult to approach the men to talk with them upon any subject, much less to reason out any difficulties. The men were apparently not interested in their work, nor performing their duties efficiently.

"The question was, how to overcome this condition. We discovered one day that our mine was idle on account of the miners and their families having gone to an adjoining town about ten miles away to see a traveling circus and a quack doctor, who was selling patent medicines and playing some sort of an instrument that attracted our employees.

"We began to realize that something had to be done for the wholesome amusement of our people in their own town. We decided to build a welfare

building. Upon closer study, we found that this plan would probably harm more than help, unless we had someone in charge of such a building, who had wide experience and knew how to handle it. It was then we turned to the Y. M. C. A. and the unq,ertaking has been a complete success ever since. The Board of Directors are the men in our employ!"

An incident that occurred not long ago in a small mining town in Oolorado indicates the influence of the Association for social and economic betterment. On pay day it had been customary to find the interest of the men centered around a couple of busy gambling tables, waiting for a chance to sit in and try their luck. As a result, in a few hours three or four men were usually in posesssion of the wages of the others. Shortly after the opening of the Association building, an old-timer who was chronically broke the day after pay day, brought his money to the secretary, requesting him to keep it for him and thus remove temptation. Many of the men are now on the way to a comfortable bank account, for pay-day gambling is no longer popu- lar, and the "Y" cares for a goodly portion of the community's earnings.

In all 'coal mining towns, the "Y" cooperates to the full with existing agencies like the churches and schools. Where there is a , Y. W. O. A. this organization serves the women and girls. Otherwise the "Y" necessarily does some of this work. In several towns the Association has secured trained nurses to give lessons in home nurs- ing and women workers have done remarkable work visiting the bomes and organizing many activities with the families.

The plan of operation in the Association is one that permits the members to take active part in the management and promotion of activities, through members' councils, which are elected annually by the members of each branch. The councils have special relations to the details of local operation, cooperating with the Oommittee of Management and General Secretary.

From the' work already accomplished, it is fair to predict a con- stantly enlarging service of the Young Men's Ohristian Association among coal miners in all parts of the United States. By enlisting the support of both employer and employee, there are created mutual understanding) good will, efficiency, happiness, and Christian character.

ACTIVITY A BLESSING We may overcome depression by serYice. It is a blessed thing to have some· thing to do. Some disaster overtakes us or a great sorrow swoops down on our spirit, and it seems as though life can have nothing in store that is desiyable. But life still has its wants, it still has its humble duties and we take them np, almost mechanically at first, but before long we find that they are medicinal.

Thank God for something to do! The depression of an active spirit fre· quently arises from enforced idleness.

USED TO DECORATE THE HOUSES OF HEATHEN IN

A Story of Changes in New Guinea BY RUSSELL ABEL, KWATO, NEW GUINEA T HIRTY years of missionary activity in southeastern New Guinea have produced great changes. The hardships and dis- appointments, the dangers and difficulties of the early days are almost forgotten when we note the encouragements of the present and the contrasts with the past.

The mission established headquarters on Kwato, in eastern New Guinea, in the year 1891. This is one of the small islands in the :Jrchipelago that reaches from the mainland far out to sea. The first step taken by the Rev. Charles W. Abel and his fellow-mission· 203

aries was to overcome the natural conditions that made Kwato uninhabitable for civilized men. First they undertook the task of filling in the. treacherous swamps that earned for this beautiful island the nickname of "death-trap." In time, these evil-smelling swamps were transformed into fields, and cricket is played where once millions of mosquitoes had bred in slimy waters. :At the same time, what once seemed to be an insurmountable drawback to the development of Kwato played its invaluable part in the development of character in Papuan youth.

There were also evil spiritual conditions that flaunted themselves on every hand. Heathen life flourished in those early days. The New Guinea people lived a life of warfare. It was a warfare without romance for it consisted of cowardly night attacks, when the houses of enemy villages were burned. Then a few of the fugitives were ~aptured and brought home in savage triumph, with shouts and warwhoops, to grace a loathsome cannibal debauch. At these times, the worst in the Papuan would dominate. Cruelties and tortures of the most revolting nature would be indulged in by men who, in ordinary times, wheu blood is cool, would appear mild and iP-oifensive.

This warfare, however, meaut hard work. Tl).e cQunter-attack must be prepared for. Ornaments, feathers, the trappiugs of war, spears, war-canoes, fortifications, all required labor. To maintain tribal prestige also meant work. Houses must be better than those of the euemies. The uncertaiutv of life and the continued tension due to the possibility of surprise ~ttack, kept life in a New Guinea village keyed up to a high pitch. Native sport took the form of sham warfare. The thrilling and dangerous boar hunts were good training for the fighting manhood of a tribe.

Amid such surroundings, Kwato was established as a beacon of light. There the Good News was proclaimed which shone forth like light in the darkness. The drum-beat by night, the whoopings and the conch-shell by day, the sounds of wailing and haranguing that came over at all times from the villages of the neighboring islands, were all tokens of the surrounding darkness. The typical noises of native life all told the story of blind superstition, of fear of malevolent spirits. Sorcery and witchcraft and all that these involved, the hard cruelty and gross immorality of village life, were thrust upon the youngest child that came under their influence.

At about the time the mission was established the British Government, with a :firm hand and an uncompromising Scotsman as Governor, effectively put a complete end to caunibalism and warfare iu south-eastern New Guiuea. Pioneer missionaries had done their share to make this possible. Some gave their lives in the attempt to open up parts of the country, but finally all explored districts were brought under control.

A complete chauge in the life of the Papuan followed. The

A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

keystone of his primitive life and customs was gone, so that the rest of the structure collapsed. Hitherto his culture had been built around cannibalism and warfare. Now, within a comparatively few years, this warlike, active race, whose very existence depended upon their energy, became lazy and indolent. Their occupation was gone and they had no.thing in its place.

The climate of New Guinea is enervating, the island being only a few degrees south of the Equator. It is therefore conducive to idleness. With tribal prestige gone, there was no longer any incentive to contend against the indolence that is in the very air of a balmy tropical day. As has often occurred in other races, whose social PART OF AN AUDIENCE WHEN MR. ABEL VISITED AN OUTSTA'rION system has been shattered by the coming of the white men, the very will to live seemed to have been taken away. Aided by diseases and habits introduced by white traders the race shows signs of dying out.

Meanwhile on Kwato, a new war was being waged against these tendencies and against all the powers of darkness. Those early days saw both triumphs and defeats. Many who seemed to be rescued, were dragged back into the maelstrom of savage life that surged all around. But there were also triumphs, for men and women, once gripped by the power of God, were freed by the power of Christ. Step by step they learned to walk in the glorious liberty of a new life. Men who had been notorious as cannibals, men who were battlescarred in tribal conflicts, and whose very names had produced a feeling of terror, became followers of Jesus Christ.

One influential chief, who became a real man of God and a power for good in those scattered island-villages, was a man respected and trusted by the Government, as, indeed, he was by all. In the days before his great change he had earned and proudly worn the dwnari, that ornament, worn to show that he had far exceeded other men in his career of blood-thirstiness. But God was able to work the miracle that changed this wild man. Such was the interesting, though often crude material, that formed the foundations of the church that is still growing today at Kwato.

These early days of real struggle were followed by years of indifference on the part of the Papuan. The old .fighting spirit disappeared. The tall houses that were the pride of the village degenerated into little hovels on the beach. Men whose energy had· once given them great reputations and whose fathers had been war-I riors "!lOW spent the day chewing betel nut in the shade of young cocoanut palms.

The Gospel could not .find fertile soil in such a demoralized people. Christianity and idreness are incompatible, for the Devil easily finds occupation for listless hands. It seemed necessary to reestablish habits of industry and to provide something upon which to rebuild what had been destroyed. New industries were introduced. Young boys were taught to lov~ work for which they show natural aptitude. They were taught t6'~'play the game" ip. cricket, tennis and athletic sports which provide a healthy outlet for youthful energy. These games take the place of the degrading immorality of the feasts for the dead and the village dance, with all their accompanying evils.

Many Papuans became Christians and today each morning Kwato presents a busy scene. Boatbuilding, carpentry and printing are taught to youths who pass from the primary to the technical school. The buzz of the sawmill, as it turns great logs from the abundant virgin forests into timber, adds to the general picture of hard-working industry. Agriculture, which includes plantation work and dairy farming on scientific lines, is taught at various centers throughout the district. On the cooler hilltop schools are carried on, attended by children who come from surrounding villages. Some come in canoes and some swim the channel that separates Kwato from the large mountainous island opposite. Girls are taught needlework, basketry, weaving, cooking and domestic science. Around the district to which Kwato ministers, there are many centers where agriculture and industries are taught and from which the blessings of the Gospel radiate.

On Sundays the people come to these mission stations for worship. Their children come in during the week for school. Their sick come for treatment. Outcasts, unwanted and often left to die, .find a home and Christian love and care at these centers. At all times,

927] A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

A PAPUAN BIBLE CLASS IN KWATO. NEW GUINEA in their eternal conflict with unscrupulous white men, the people fly instinctively to the Mission for help and advice.

Thus, out of the ashes of a primitive savage life, there is arising, at this transition stage in a race's history, something that will provide the Papuan with an incentive and a means to rally to the new situation thrust upon him. Christian teaching and practical industries will help him to meet the impact of white civilization.

The story of Kwato is still a story of changes. Within the last few years in America and in Great Britain some new friends have taken it upon them to pray for this work and older friends have rededicated themselves to a task of intercession. Prayer changes things both at home and on the mission field, but most visibly, perhaps, on the mission field. Hitherto the people in most parts of the district have had little time for the missionary and less for his message. Anything that has threatened in any way to disturb their routine of life they have not wanted. They cling to their old life in spite of its fear, its hopelessness and its endless appeasing of offended spirits. Christians they know lead a singled-out life, separated from the world, and as the herd instinct is strong in native psychology, they shrink from standing alone as Christians.

But all this is changing. Indifference and opposition is breaking down everywhere. There is a new hunger for something bette!'. The people are beginning to realize the emptiness of their old life. They recognize the fullness there is in the simple faith of the little Christian communities whose presence can be known by the tinkling cow-bell that echoes in the hills each evening at dusk as it calls the people together to pray and sing and worship God.

Numbers of "seekers" plead for someone to come and teach them of the New Way. '1'hey gather from many miles and wait many hours in the hope of an interview with the missionary on the rare oc- casions when he is able to visit their district. People come for miles for a service. This often means hours of climbing of steep mountain ranges. In one place they erected their own church and when at last a visit was paid them the crowds that carne in from all around were more than the church could hold. Fortu- nately the weather was fine and the service was held in the shade of a giant mango tree, with the eager listeners grouped around on the ground. Gradnally indifference has passed and is passing. Sometimes A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN EVANGELIST illness, sometimes the injustice of white men have brought the natives to the mission and the trust and confidence of a village have been gained: Even through times of disappointment and no apparent result the harvest has been ripening.

Today as we lift up our eyes to those villages dotted along the coast, those threads of smoke rising from many a foothill and telling of habitation, those inland hamlets, those patches of gardens that cover the brows of mountains that slope seaward-we realize that the fields in southeastern New Guinea, are white unto harvest. "Pray ye, therefore" not only on behalf of these waiting crowds who realize their need but also for the multitudes of the unpenetrated New Guinea, where cannibalism is still rife and unspeakable cruelty still is the order of the day. Missionaries at the front line depend upon the support in prayer of God's people at home, not only for themselves but that He will make possible the extension and increase of work which at present only reaches the fringe of the need of Christ in New Guinea.

"The Quest for God in China"

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., F.R.G.S., MADISON, NEW JERSEY Editor of the" World Missionary Atlas," Etc.

W ITHIN a few months of each other two notable volumes of lectures upon Chinese religions have been put upon the American markets; though the one with which we have to do was originally published in London. Dr. Stewart's" Chinese Culture and Christianity" is somewhat fuller and also more popularly written, though it does not have behind it the longer experience in dealing with Chinese religionists found in Mr. 0 'Neill's volume, nor has it the same degree of Chinese scholarship underlying it that we see in the latter series -of lectures. Though Dr. Stewart has in his title the name of Christianity, it is not at all emphasized in the book itself; whereas in Mr. O'Neill's volume, there is evident a real "quest for God" even in the midst of superstitions and mere ethics. Space limitations do not permit further comparisons between these two worthy productions of scholarly authors, both of whose works are well worth a careful reading.

The Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill, the author of our volume, went to Manchuria on China's northeastern border in 1897. 'Since that time he has both wrought as a missionary and has studied the religious backgrounds of his great task in a manner worthy of his predecessor in the United Irish and Scotch Mission, the late Dr. John Ross, author of "The Original Religion of China." With this fine record of twenty-eight years' service and accomplishment, coming from his parish 13,000 miles in extent, with its half a million inhabitants whose religious beliefs and life he had come to know so well, it was most fitting that the General Assembly of the Irish Presbyterian Church should have availed itself of a furlough and appointed him to deliver before Belfast Presbyterian College this excellent portrayal and interpretation of the varied faiths of China.

What was originally intended for theological students may also appeal to the wider public represented in the REVIEW. The author's aim "has been to combine the concrete with the abstract, personal impressions and facts of observation, along with borrowings from experts in these fairly well-explored domains, so that as far as possible the outlines of a living picture may be presented and the interest of the general reader secured."

After a chapter on the meaning of religion and its place in the mind and heart of man, Mr. O'Neill allures us of the feverish West by the title of his next lecture, "How to Attain Peace-Ancient Taoism and Quietism." A Taoist feast in a great Mukden temple introduces the discussion. A hungry group of Taoists sat silently 209 l4

before steaming bowls of millet and greens until they were cold while acts of worship were going on and an acolyte was giving thanks by carrying a small cup of millet to present to the kitchen god. Then follow the main teachings of the shortest religious canon Te of the world, Lao Tzu's Tao Ching, about half the length of St.

Mark's GospeL It is a glorification of Tao-Reason, ~Way, or ,Vord, more strictly speaking, like the Logos of St. John 1: 1. Mysterious as the Canon is, from its ambiguous characters, men have found in all ages the murmuring of cosmic impulse, elan vital, "the nameless living Source of all that passed the stage." It gained wonderful literary increments from one of China's most elegant writers, Chuang Tzu, Taoism's Plato. It also claimed the close attention of all Chinese aspirants for office who in early centuries were obliged to pass examination upon this classic of Lao Tzu; and alternately it was admired and forbidden until in our own day, Admiral Tsai Ting-kan has condensed his studies of fifteen years into a remarkable commentary. The choice selections from Ohuang Tzu (found on pp. 46-47) show what readers of out-of-the-way Chinese literature may often find. 'We are not asked to lose our interest in this faith by its later history of the search for the elixir of life and for immortality and its gross superstitions but are finally reminded of Taoist" mysticism, with appraisals of mysticism by such authorities as Evelyn Underhill, though Lao Tzu would supply that author with a mysticism hard to be understood.

Then follows a chapter that students do not find duplicated in the regular treatises on Chinese religions, devoted to "The Open Oourt-a Modern Spiritualist Society." It is prefaced by a toilsome ascent over seven thousand steps to the summit of T 'ai Shan, more than a mile above sea-level, where the Emperor Shun, nearly 800 years before Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, ascended to offer sacrifices to God and to mountains and rivers. Here is a shrine to YU Huang Shang Ti, Pearly Emperor God, whose throne is in the North Star, with its most sacred earthly shrine on this mountain top, where worship has been offered to various deities for more than four thousand years. A Oonfucian temple is also found on this summit, but compared with the Taoist deity, the Sage is neglected by the thousands of pilgrims. Nowhere else in the world do so many climb so high for God. This popular quest for the Divine is far different from that found in what O'Neill translates as "The Open Oourt," the Tao Yuan, literally" Oourtyard of the Way. " This modern form of Taoist development flourishes most in northern centers. Its thought and ritual gather about "The North Pole True Scripture," a canon given a Ohinese army officer in 1920 as dictated through a planchette writing on sand by the Great First Oause. From Tsinan F'u, province of Shantung, where the revelation was thus given, the Open Oourt and its Scriptures

19271 "'rUE QUEST FOR GOD TN CHINA"

have spread well over Uhina, carrying among other teachings these two: The intellectual basis is a combination or Five Religions, Taoism, Christianity, Buddhism, Mohammedanism and Confucianism, the founders of which are to be worshipped, along with the Gods, Saints and Buddhas of the whole world.

Above all, the one Divine Being to whom worship is due is "He who was from t1}e Beginning, the Most Holy Primeval Ancestor."

Generally speaking this school of rraoism holds that "the cultivation of the inner life consists in meditation, to purify the heart and moderate the passions, while the cultivation of its outward expression consists in philanthropic work, teaching and feeding the hungry being alike in importance. God is considered to be the Boundless Spirit, the Primal Source of Life, but is not to be regarded under such human designations as father or king." Although the Tao Yuan combines the five chief religions, we are told that "it does not create a new religion, for all these faiths spring from the Great Prinieval Tao." In its philanthropic section it is called" The Red Swastika Society," concerning which our author says: In China this ancient symbol is not the mark of opposition to the Cross. Happily it stands for nothing less honorable than a rivalry in good works, and as such we welcome the raising of the banner of the Red Swastika.

In "The Basis of Conservatism-Confucianism" Mr. O'Neill takes up what has been for more than 2,300 years the most influential religion of China, the ethics and political teachings of "The 1'hroneless King of China. " We do not wholly agree with 0 'Neill in his statement that "the Chinese are, and always have been, profoundly secular, as the Indians are, and always have been, profoundly religious." Yet it is true that Confucianism has been dominantly secular since the early period when its religion was so prominent in the sections of the Book of History previous to the chronicles of the Ohou Dynasty, 1122 B. O. This view of religion our author then proceeds to illustrate through quotations showing Chinese ideas of God, the following Ode being a sample: How great is God, The ruler of men below! How arrayed in terrors is God! Yet His will is often disregarded. God created the myriad people, Yet His ordinances are not relied upon. All men are good at birth, But not many remain so to the end.

From that earlier period we pass on to the age of ChuHsi, the greatest of Confucian commentators, who in our twelfth century so explained the earlier views that God evanishes into Law and Air, or as we might say, into Force and Matter, making Oonfucianism

strongly matedalistic. We wish that here our author had given his readers the gist of Dr. Bruce's estimate in "Ohu Hsi and His Masters. " But Mr. 0 'Neill proceeds to give a vivid sketch of the great Oonfucius. He also quotes a Ohristian Ohinese scholar who makes the famous word jen, often translated benevolence, to mean love, urging that "the aim of Oonfucius for the individual is to be an incarnation of Love, and for society to live the normal life." On page 93 we find the famous sorites of Oonfucius-traditionally attributed to him at least-in which the" Great Learning" teaches that the cultivation of the person should be one of the central objects of education, so that "throughout the country in the Government Schools of today a regular subject of study is the cUftivation of the person, the building up of the life, or as we should put it, the science of moral conduct." The chapter in its eulogy of the great Sage (page 95) and in its closing paragraph shows what this conservatism contains. "What is humanity~" was a question put to the Master whom Ohina has chosen for two millenniums to follow. The Master answered', "To love men." "vVhat is knowledge~" The Master said, "To know men." And finally the climax of his doctrine, a seed of eternal truth, is the saying of Oonfucius, "He who desires to kuow men must of necessity first know God. "

Enrly Buddhism or "Deliverance for All," next follows with its winsome story of Buddha's early life and his later teachings when he had attained enlightenment under the famous Bo tree of Buddha Gaya. 0 'Neill holds that his great attraction for men came from his becoming a beggar from being an aristocrat-though hardly "renouncing a throne," as we here read. And he quotes a beautiful sentence or two from Professor Hopkins, beginning with, "N0 man ever lived so godless yet so godlike." He closes with this statement in reply to those who regard his eulogy of Buddha as derogatory to Ohrist: "Let us bring our doubt to the King Himself, and along with the doubt bring Gotama. Oan we suppose for an instant that Jesus Ohrist would not rejoice to welcome a forerunner, so intent upon the highest as the Prince of the Sakyas ~ Surely we have not so learned Ohrist, who counted it not a thing to be grasped at to be on an equality with God but emptied Himself, becoming obedient unto death. Rather do we hear Him uttering His glad commendation: 'Well done, good and faithful servant; enter into the joy of thy Lord.' "

But it is not the historical Buddha who is the main attraction for Ohinese and Japanese Buddhists-in this chapter Japanese views as well as those of the Ohinese are described-it is rather that the dying hopes of millions of believers are turned toward the Pure Land, the 'Vestern Paradise, where Amida Buddha and his associate Kuan Yin, the Merciful, stand ready to receive the dying into an eternal bliss, mainly material in nature, but diametrically opposed

1927J "THE QUES'l' l'OR GOD IN rJHINA"

to the sensual Paradiso of Mohammed. 0 'Neill does not attempt to explain this paradise from the endless mazes of the 1,662 volumes of the Mahyana writings, but he does quote two. One is "The Awakening of Faith," the translation of which by Dr. Timothy Richard makes Buddhism a second Christian Gospel, and which o 'Neill rightly relegates to a different category because of Dr. Rich- ard's manifest reading into the classic Christian views not at all justified by the text itself. The merciful goddess of Buddhism, known in China as "Kuan Yin" and in Japan as "Kuannon" is to devout Buddhists what the Virgin Mary is to Roman Catholics. Her full name is "the All Compassionate, Uncreated Saviour, the Royal Budhisat who hears the cries of the world." The faces of sailors and of childless-especially sonless-women turn to her always, but at death both she and Amida are pictured on the brink of the tVestern Paradise ready to welcome souls to their presence, saved by "trust in that Buddha's abounding might and pity, and through faithful repetitions of his holy name." Most interesting interviews' of the author with leading Buddhists close this discussion; but an added chapter describes recent movements within Chinese Buddhism, fostered by a publication entitled "The Sound of the Tide," and by the leadership of Judge Mei and the main propagandist, Tai Hsii, a learned and saintly monk. Its association, called" The Perfect Enlightenment Association," has the following purpose: "To propagate the essence of Mahayana Buddhism, so that the wicked may be led to loving kindness, the selfish into righteousness, the wise to rejoice in truth, the strong to love of virtue; and to transform this warworn suffering world into a place of peace and happiness. "

Mohammedanism in China is of little importance and is treated in a brief yet informing chapter. Chapter X on "The New Thought Tide-Some Recent Religious Movements" is very illuminating. Variously named-" The New Civilization Movement, " "The Chinese Renaissance"-they all have as their purpose "a critical examination of the cultural inheritance and institutions of the past, with a view to reconstruction in every department of human activity." They all write in large letters 1VHy7 over all the thinking of New China's scholars.

o'Neill's two final chapters, "From Dependence to Leadership- Christianity in China" and" The Message of the West to the East" are excellent,thbugh little as to Chinese religions is found in them. A real religious and ethical awakening in the newest and most populous republic of the world is taking place. As the author urges, leadership of the highest and truest sort is demanded from the Chinese Church and its sisters of all Christian nations, and especially from America. Now is not the time for retreat, but for a strong and determined advance.

Unknown Chinese Christian*

BY ROBERT GILLIES, KIANGClfOW, SHANTUNG T HE city of Kiang'chow, ShantuIlg', was placarded from end to end. We counted forty-seven varieties. "The Sins of Brit- ain" were vividly depicted in flaming pictorials. "How to boycott the foreigner" was set forth in colored diagrams. Even the Girls' Primary scholars had a "manifesto" describing the conditions of lahor in far-away Shanghai, and pleading for their sisters groaning under the iron heel of the oppressor.

The air had resounded with curses—-{Jurses on Britain, curses on foreigners generally, and ridicule for the missionaries. The school boys had held mass meetings, and sectional open-air demonstrations, also processions. But the soldiers kept on drilling, indifferent to the student agitation.

The long day had closed, and the night was fiercely hot. On the flat roof one might perhaps feel the flicker, should a cooler breeze sweep over the dusty drill ground near by. The other workers had gone to the hills at last, after scares and delays, and I was alone.

Night in a city awakens thoughts of the'spiritual darkness of mankind. To a Christian worker in a heathen land the night watches bring an oppression unknown in Christian lands., …

Half a century of missionary work had that city seen. Names honored in missionary biography came to mind, and Christians who had won the martyr's crown had labored in the place. And yet by the church, the school, and the hospital buildings, dimly silhoutted in the starlight, problems rather than recent successes were suggested.

The anti-foreign element inside (as well as without) the Church; popular patriotism crowding out personal piety in the message delivered; and the lives lived by leaders-so many puffed up by knowledge, and useless to the wayfaring and ignorant; the backsliders and the crowd, always learning yet never coming to the knowledge of the truth!

There came a great stillness in the air. The city had gone to sleep …… but no! There was a voice steadily speaking. On the mound near by, a crowd of boys had last week screamed themselves hoarse cursing the foreigners. Were they at it again, or scheming' some night demonstration1 Then the voice became audible. It was evidently away toward the city wall, out on the waste land near the soldiers' temple, and the words came with intermittent distinctness- "All sinners: Adam the first man, …… born in sin, needing salvation. "

*The Oh1'istian, London, January 6, 1927. 214 I listened to the Old, Old Story, told anew with force. The voice sounded out louder and plainer: "Jesus has died for you ….. . •Jesus can save."

Who was the speaker? It was not the deacon's cultured voice. Nor was it the evangelist. It was an unfamiliar voice. There could be no doubt that his audience were giving attention. The warmth of his outflow was not such as unwilling hearers would call forth.

It was an unfamiliar voice. This was" the unknown Ohristian." …… God bless him! They were unknown listeners ……. God bless them!

Far off, near the central drum tower, the night gong clanged. The watchmen were off on their next round. "Vatchman! what of the night 1 The morning cometh." And the King'dom of God cometh not with outward show (Luke 17: 20, marg).

I went to my room that night with a burden lifted. God was stiU using the "unknown Ohristians," not alone the leaders in the limelight.

The Old, Old Story in Turkey H AIDAR PASHA is a suburb of Constantinople, where wealthy merchants live. In the cool summer evenings the Turkish ladies love to emerge from their harems and gather on the roofs to chat, sing, and play stringed instruments. One evening, after one of the missionary ladies was in bed, she heard a Turkish lady on a neighboring roof strum on the guitar and begin to sing in a rich contralto voice. Her English was perfect, and she was singing, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story. " Tbe missionary hastily slipped on bel' dressing gown, and walked out on her roof, whence she could just discern tbe neighboring Turkish ladies.

"That is a Christian hymn you have been singing, madam," she said, hardly expecting an answer, for it is against rrurkish custom for a woman to uncover her face or to speak to one of another faith.

"Yes," she replied in soft tones. "Are you, then, of the Cbristian faith?" "N0," sbe said, "I am a Mobammedan; but I love some of your hymns." The missionary bade her good-night, but the next day sbe wrapped up a small New Testament and tossed it on the roof of the women '8 residence. Some montbs afterward, she found the following letter on bel' roof: "I found tbe Bible which you threw on my roof, and offer you my thanks. I have read it many times and love it. The reading about Jesus Christ has melted my heart. I am compelled to be a secret Christian as we cannot do what we would here; but I am sure Jesus understands and knows that I intend to worship Him.

-Adieu, AZAlDE."

Christ Means to

BY A KOREAN STUDENT IN SEOUL F IRST, I give praise to the greatness and glory of my Lord who delivered me out of my sin and made me able to write this confession. Amen. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Saviour of all people. The Bible shows us that man, who was submitted to the horrible power of death and subject to destruction, received the life and light again through Christ. Every Christian experiences the new life and light. As for me, Christ is my two-fold Saviour. Christ saved me not once only, which he did completely, but two or three times.

Formerly, I had a mental agony which nobody else knew and a serious illness which could not be remedied by medical treatment. I had no hope and everything was discouraging to me. For many years, I was roving about in the dreary valley of grief and despair, always heaving deep sighs. I had nothing to do but wait for my last day on which I was destined to die. My blood was drying up day by day and my flesh was getting thinner and thinner. Sometimes, I got to such an extreme that I thought I would escape from the pains by committing suicide r Who could save me out of my anguish 1 But, joy to me r Christ pitied me. As soon as I saw the light of Christianity, the anguish with which I was writhing day and night, changed into joy and the illness which used to discourage me so much became a whip to drive me to live a better life. All the things which dazzled me helped me to understand the mysterious great IVill. From that day on, I began to run toward Christ. The nearer I get to him step by step, the more joy and peace I receive. Since He saved me from death and disappointment, He is not only my Lord of atonement, but also the Lord of my joy, hope, and health.

I had many defects in my character and was wide open to sinful temptations. After Christ came to me, He daily changed the defects and supplemented the lacks and made me strong enough to get away from enticements to evil. If I have any good trait in my character or enjoy the pleasure of a victor, lowe every thing to my Lord. Christ is my victory and my character. Christ is my goal and the focus of my fervent hope.

BY A KOREAN PASTOR Christ is my Saviour: He not only made me exist but He protects me, teaches me, warns me against evil, atones for my sin and prepares a place in Heaven for me. Christ is the nearest one to me. He pitied us who were wandering- like a shepherdless flock and incarnated Himself in human form to preach the Gospel and establish His religion in the world, telling His disciples to preach "unto the end of the 216 world." Therefore, I, who was a sinner, believe in Him now and am saved. Since Christ is the foundation of my salvation, how intimate is His relation to me! Since Christianity led me to acquire the great salvation, how great is that relation to mel I can say much as to this relation, but to sum up in one word, "It is life."

BY A THEOLOGICAL STUDENT Jesus Christ called me, a great sinner, and inspired me with the mighty power of the Bible to make me a Christian.

1. My Position Changed. Previously, although I was a formal Christian, my mind still adhered to worldly things and no mental ehange occurred. I did not repent of my sins nor accept Christ as my Saviour. I did not have any standard of living and suffered a great deal of mental disturbance. Then Christ came along and ehanged my position, first of all, to make me one of His disciples. At the time of the Korean Independence Movement, I was put into a prison where I was converted to a real Christian by reading His Word, which was the only source of comfort there, even though I had read the Confucian classics and the Buddhist doctrines. While in pri[3on, I decided to enter the ministry as soon as I got out. I did not enter it and wanted to do His work in a different way but, later on God showed me that that was not what He wanted, by leading me to another crisis.

2. My Mind Changed. While I was working for the church, with a mind not repentant, I found that although the church members had confidence in me, I had a sin growing up in my mind, unknown to others. God warned me of this by a serious illness. I had an operation and the doctor told me that there was no hope of recovery. I read the Bible again and again, finding comfort from it, and I thought of my sins and repented or them. I entrusted all my future to Him. After a month, I left the hospital and entered the Theological Seminary.

3. The Ideal of Life Changed. My first idea of entering Seminary was to strengthen my faith so that I could be saved. But during the last three years, as I have come into closer contact with Him, He changed that idea and I realized that I must preach Gospel and testify as to my personal Christian experiences.

First Christ isolated me from the world in which I was interested; second, He showed roe His abundant Grace and made me turn my feet toward Him; third, He taught me that the ideal of life is to bring sinners to Christ. These are the ways which our Lord used with His disciples. He is doing the same thing in winning His disciples throughout the ages. The Bible is not a mere historical text, but a living Word, always workinl5 and revealing the ·truth in the mind of every Christian.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Joint Committees with Home MISSIONS Missions Council Officer. Joint Administrative-Dr. C. L. White. Alaska-Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall. President-Mrs. John Ferguson, United Churoh Building-Mr. A. F. Wickes. Presbyterian. City and Urban Indust>'ial .Relations-Dr.

Viee·President-at-Large-Mrs. F. W. Wil- W. P. Shriver. cox, Congregational. Hebrews-Dr. John S. Conning. Indian Missions- V ice- Presidents- Litemt1.re-l!iss Sara Estelle Haskin. Migrant Groups-Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Bap- Mormonism–R{)v. Glaton S. Rice. Negro Americans-Dr. George R. Hovey. tist. New Americans-Mrs. D. E. Waid. Orientars and Hawaiians-Dr. G. W. Hin- Mrs. AtheUa M. Howsare, (}hristian. man. Miss Daisy June T'rout, Disciples of Publicity-Rev. Coe Hayne·. Recruitin.q- Christ. Spani..h-spea"king People in the United Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical. State.•- Standardization of Home "Mis8ionary Sen'- Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. icp- Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friemls. TOlcn and Country (irwruding Mountaineers) Miss Amdi~ D. Kemp, Lutheran. Dr. Malcolm Dana.

Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored Methodist Cmn.iiy (.<pecialj-Rev. H. N. Morse.

Episcopal. Executives Mrs. M<try I,. Coleman, Free Methodist. E:recutil'e Secretary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan. Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Methodist E:recutive Supervisor, Farm anit Cannery Episcopal. Migrants-Miss Laura H. Parker.

Mrs. J. "V. Downs, ~fcthollist Episcopal, Office Secretary and Assiiltant to Supervisor -Miss Edith E. Lowry. South. Western Slipervisor, Farm and CannerJj Mrs. A. P. Badger, Methodist Protestant. Migrn.nt.<-Miss Adela J. Ballard.

~Mrs. W. C. Winshorough, Presbyterian ;n Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

the U. S.

Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presbyterian in the U. S. A. .

Mrs. Taber Knox, Reformed in America.

Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren_ Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Presbyterian, Canada.

"Mrs. Colin G. Young, United, Canada.

'V. ReccH'ding Secretul'1J-Mrs. Edwin Lentz, Reformed in the U. S.

Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Northern WORLD PILGRIMAGE OF PRAYER Baptist. As we approach the annual Day of Members-a.t-La.rge Prayer for lIissions one can not but he t'hrilled with anticipation. for this I1Irs. George W. Coleman, Mrs. W. H. C. :,<-ear for the first time the Christian Goode, Mrs. D. E. Waid.

CommHtees and Ohairmen women and girls of all lands are unit- ing in prayer for the work of Christ Admini"tmtive-:Irs. •Tohn Ferguson, all around the world. Chautauqua–Mrs. •Tohn Ferguson. Conferences ana Sc1lO0!S of Missions-Mrs. Tt will be literally trne on lfarch 4th that "from the rising of the slln Philip M. Hossman. unto the going' down of the same, the TJord's name is to be praised." As Day of Pracller for 'Missions–Mrs. S. S. the earth begins her journey around the sun on that day. grollps of women Hough. and girls, and men, too, in ,Tapan, Farm ann, Cannery Migrants-Mrs. Kenneth Korea ann China and all the Orient will be wending their way to the D. Miller. trysting place. North and South Legislative Mattors-if1-s. Samnel Semple. Sf'udent Work-Miss Muriel Day. StUll" Courses and Literature-Miss E.

Je~sie Ogg. Women '8 Church a·n,l Missionary Federa- tions-J.Iiss Carrie M. Kerschner.

218 America will follow, also the IslandH OUR PART and Europe, Africa and Asia, until the world shall be encircled with a Oh what if tho one we ha vc failed to uphold garment of praise and prayer. By the prayers that we did not pray, You who read these lines will Should fall in defeat at the battle '8 front, surely want to join this pilgrimage. Or falter along life's way~ Those who have been observing this interdenominational Day of Prayer Do vou think the fault would be wholly in North America have found it to be • theirs one of the most enriching experiences of the year. We earnestly urge the If, weary and sick at heart, . women and girls of all races, whether They failed to render some servIce true in city, town or country, to unite in the observance. When we did not do our part f To what extent are our girls and -LILL,IAN M. WEEKS. young women sharing in the plans and privileges of the Day of Prayer A SPEAKERS' BUREAU for Missions? Are they definitely organized for interdenominational co- Clevela.nd Federa.tion of Cl1.urch operation 1 During the day many are employ.ed in industry or are in Women school. We recommend, therefore, that in every community a special By GERTRUDE CODY WHEATO~ meeting for girls be held in the evening. Chairman, Speakers' Bureau, Cleveland What an opportunity to bring to " You are missionaries, going out them-our successors of ten, fifteen to be speakers for God. You are or twenty years hence-new vis~ons missionaries. You must remember of unitv, new inspirations for serVIce! that. You are going to win other;; They need to feel the thrill of com- to love the knowledge of the Kingdom radeship in this vast army of womer, of God." from all the great Protestant communions, united in the fellowship of The speaker was chairman of the prayer. Nothing will prepare them 'Woman's Department of the Federmore adequately for those broader ated Churches of Cleveland. The conceptions of our common task; occasion was a luncheon given at the nothing will develop in them more home of one of the women, where fifty splendidly that catholic sympathy interdenominational lay women were and that sense of interdenominational invited to come to discuss their compartnership which are the marks of mon problems as speakers. The this new day in missions. standard which was set for these women was, "Freely ye have re- There i8 a place upon some distant shore ceived, freely give."

Where thou canst send the wOl"ker or the Missionary information, missionary enthusiasm, missionary attitude have Word; been given to them and they are go- ing forth to give to others in mission- There is a place where God's resi8tkss ary societies, forums, Sunday-schools, settlements, schools, clubs and other power gatherings. In this group almost every denomination is represented: Responsive mores to thine insistent plea; Presbyterian, Lutheran, U nit e d Brethren, Congregational, Evangeli- There is a place, a simple trysting place, cal, Methodist, Baptist, Disciples, Episcopal, Reformed, United Pres- Where God Himself descends and fights byterian.

for thee. Each speaker chooses the subject8 on which she has the most enthusiasm Where is that blesser] place f Dost thou ask and information and then finds the most attractive titles for her talks. whc]"e~ A subject such as "A Moslem Mother's Plea" is given as a mono- o soul, it is the secret place of prayer. logue, the speaker wearing Moham- medan costume. Another subject, -Selected. needed in a city of unusual race problems, is "Contributions of the

Negro Race." In connection with discussion was that no charges in any this arrangements have been made so way are made. Our services are free.

that a group of Negro singers may Those who are mothers are told they be secured to follow the speech on may request two dollars to cover the their race with beautiful Negro spir- expense of care for their children ituals and they themselves tell how while they are absent from home.

their songs grew and came into be- Otherwise no fee is received. A num- ing. Another subject, very popular ber of times a check for five or ten this year, is "The Story of Moham- dollars has been given to a speaker med, " an excellent introduction to and she has given it back to the chair- the study of the foreign textbook. man for the missionary collection an.l Impersonations are very popular, and to help meet the society's own ap- among them are the "Four Minute portionment.

Tuck-ins," printed by Board of Mis- Some of our speakers have traveled sionary Cooperation, Northern Bap- and actually seen the fields they pre- tist Convention, recited as though the sent under such titles as "South speaker were an immigrant still America as a Church Woman Saw wearing her native costume. One It," "Porto Rico and .Our Island woman chose the .subject, "Why Men Possessions as Seen By a Lay Woman Should Study Missions." She feels Worker," "Our Indians of the that women have had a monopoly on Northwest," "Why I Love the Mounthe study books long enough so she tain People." is out urging the women to start Men's Missionary Forums where the Occasionally we have furlougheel men study the mission books and missionaries iu our midst and, of bring the results of their work to a course, precedence is given them mixed group of men and women. when calls come in. For two year8 Other women give introductions to one person received all calls for the the study books of the year in such Bureau but the demand has grown a way as to stimulate interest and so that four women receive calls and open the minds of church people to recommend speakers. When the the possibility of adult education chairman was asked how she got her along mission study lines. ~peakers, she quickly replied, "I grab them. " As soon as she hears that a The chairman urges the speakers to use stereopticon, costumes, pic- woman has returned from a trip or tures, story-telling, exhibits and in has become especially interested in every way to make their subjects as some phase of home or foreign mis· attractive as possible so that a pattern and example can be set to the sionary work, she goes to call on her group on the way they can develop and ask her to serve as s-peaker their own programs using their own through the Bureau. If she has an talent. Speakers are told to make interesting subject and a pleasing suggestions for further study. One way of presentation she may receive many calls.

instruction is: "Place in the hands This Bureau is receiving hundreds of the program chairman some of the of calls and is continually adding interdenominational literature, books, more· s-peakers to the list, which aland sources of information on where ready numbers sixty. If further in- books can be found to stimulate adult formation" is desired. write The Fed- edueation on the knowledge of the erated Churches, 701 Hippodrome Kingdom of God." Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

On the day of our luncheon thc If women work together interde- speakers had a keen discussion on the nominationally they soon think to- subject, "Shall we charge a fee for vether and a wav is paved wherebv our services?" The result of that denominational lines are minimized.

Woman's Foreign~Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE MILWAUKEE STUDENT 1. The Accessibility of God-Can we come into personal fellowship with God, and CONFERENCE how~ The Milwaukee Conference called together 2,500 students during their 2. The Universality of God-What does Christmas holidays. They came from it mean to believe in a God who is Father all over the country to confer for four of all mankind ~ days upon the fundamentals of life. :1. The Love of God and Divine Possibil- ities of Human Life.

4_ The Meaning of the Cross.

'rhe Council of Christian Associations '1'he Reverend G. A. Studdert-Kenfclt that the time was ripe for a nedy of London made a great contrifrank, fearless examination of the bution to the conference through his facts of our modern civilization in rc- personality and message. He conlation to "The Resources of Jesus for ducted all the worship periods and the Life of, Our World." gave the deep message of the Cross.

There was no attempt to deal with Although this conference was not theological questions about Jesus, but sct up to deal specifically with the rather to emphasize living as Jesus missionary enterprise it could not lived so that we may find the best life avoid its implications or its history.

a8 He found it in His day. Several times it was brought out how Eminent scientists were brought to nationalism and unethical conduct ~how that it is possible to believe both between nations were putting up a in God and in science. Leading phi- wall against foreign missions. The losophers were there to tell how we generation preceding this got its can believe in modern philosophy great dynamic through the foreign without losing hold of religion. Ex- missionary appeal to expatriate one:s perts on social hygiene and leaders Relf, but it created the task for thIS in industrial relationships, the psy- generation, namely, to Christianize chologist, the mystic and the man of the so-called Christian nations.

prayer, were all there to pour out Said Howard Thurman, "I cannot from platform, informal group, con- be the kind of person I ought to be ferences and personal interviews, till every other is the kind he ought their experience of the reality of God. to be. The lost needs me and·1 need The heart of the conference was ex- the lost, so that we know today in a pected to be felt in the daily discus- new way that there is an essential sion groups of which there were fifty kinship of all people in the world.

or more under trained leaders. But "What the Church tries to say to g-reat dissatisfaction was felt at this men about salvation is that God needs point for only about half the groups them and can never be what He were found to be getting anywhere. hungers to be in His world till all be- The real heart of the conference come sons. There is something each seemed rather to be felt in those in- has to say to me that cannot come till formal groups about the leaders in He says k I go to the mission field the afternoons. Here each student because He has something for me and conld choose the expert he felt could I release His bonds through hospitals help him most in his own problems and schools and churches, that He of mind and spirit. may give to the world what He has to The Resources of Jesus for the Life give_ "

of Our World were divided into four Said Dr. Charles Gilkey: "The cycles: real motive power of the foreign mis- 221

'rIlE "NrrSS[Q~ARY RBVHJW OF THE W:ORLD

sionary came straight from Christ. tile j;'athcr God exists at all! l'hc His superiority complex was his bag- major effort of the Christian Church gage. But if today the motive is left in this generation must be to capture behind, we shall find Christianity it- the national will of Christian coun- self is left behind!" tries. But the Christian Church is Dr. Timothy Lew of Peking gave split into two hundred denominations.

five points on How Christians Made Only one thing will bring us together it Difficult for the World to Believe -a' program so big we cannot do it in Christ: Failure of Christians to alone! live what they profess to believe; su- 'l'here were three other things in perficiality and halfheartedness in the conference which contributed to practicing the precepts; wrong atti- the misf!ionary consciousness. There tude of superiority towards those they was a beautiful pageant called "The help; failure to keep their motives Quest for Trllth" which depicted the pure-exploitation; failure to carry worship of all ages and nations in out the principle of love and unity their mutual search for God.

among themselves-Christian Church Also there was a very fine Exhibit torn by divisions. containing sixteen booths, several of President Mordecai Johnston, of which were filled with illustrations of Howard University, said that race the outreach of students and churches antagonism is a world problem and a and associations into foreign lands. moral problem. It is keener today But of all, the International Teas than ever because of economic and each afternoon brought us closest to- imperial domination of Western O~'"hcothewr ewreitwh itthheu1s50frofmore3i2gncosutundtreinetss. nations. All men want freedom from political domination. They want edll- So graceful were these hostesses in cation to fit them for a world, and their native costumes and entertain- they need self-respect and fundamen- ment of song and instrument, that a tal fellowship with all mankind. It particular glow of fellowship came would be the glory of ,Vestern from that room. nations to give it quickly while it can In closing I should like to say that be given. the Negro delegates to Milwaukee He said that Christianity has a were ideally a part of the student program for other peoples. It iR body. There was natural participaradical; it grows out of thc Father- tion aml fellowship throughout, and hood of God. "Be careful how yon some of the biggest debts we owe are crush men's wills-for every in- to their leaders who spoke to the condividual is a son of God." On every inter-r~cial front in tIle world Chris- ference.

tianity has such representatives. Er,IZABETH COLE FLEMING.

They have given to the world the THE CONFERENCE THROUGH finest exposition of power in losing INDIAN EYES life. But the quantity of what they By KAlIfAL ARLIOK have done is so small, and the paee i~ A Student from Isabella Thoburn College, so slow compared to the economic and Lucknow, India political exploitation that the total This was my first experience of a effect is an antagonism. The total large conference. I heard that three effect is small as it is because they thousand students were going to at- have not received f!llfficient support tE'ud it. The number meant little to from the home base. me till I was actually seated in a sec- The result is Christianity has lived tion of tIle Milwaukee Auditorium.

on the enthusiasm of missionaries. Prom here I looked all around and For the reality of their faith in world saw every state of the Union repre- sonship they have dared everything. st'uted. How we ever got registered But we at home, who have dared or went through all the red tape was nothing, stand in need of proof that a puzzle. What made these three

·1927] 'vmlAN'S PORElGN lUSSION BULLETIN

thousand students give up a part of of God'8 ulliversal fatherhood in the their Christmas vacation and convene rt'lations of races.

at such a remote spot ~ A safe reply ,. The Divine Possibilities of Human may be found. The student mind ii; Life" was the topic of the third cycle.

sensitive and alert and has been grow- What did Jesus think and say about ing impatient to play a part in the our possibilities f Do we deny these moulding of its great nation. The possibilities in ourselves as well as problems which have risen in thi~ others? What are our potentialities f land have been intricate. The deal- '1'he fearless and frank opinions ex- ings of this great land are being con- pressed by students showed that stantly denounced as unchristian. American students were not dying The students of today will control the from the so-called "materialized civi- world of tomorrow. 'I'hey must do lization. " '1'he most vital question something to remove any such stigma discussed in all groups was that of from their motherland. race relations. The solution was right What could have been a bettt·r there-the changed attitude of stutheme than the one chosen for the dents on the various campuses after whole conference? Jesus was the OIle the conference was over. What could man who could give them solutionH. be more practical and more difficult What resources did Jesus have for bnt not impossible? Of course there life in our' world? The first cycle are always severe criticisms and even consisted of the vital problem which ostracism, but was not Jesus Himself perplexes the youth of today-Can ostracised f God Be Accessible and How~" Dr. The outside world thinks we were Niebuhr of Detroit dealt with the over-zealous and carried away by our problem of "Practical Unbelief of hastily conceived notions on politics and race problems. Whatever the Modern Civilization. " Dr. Coffin case may be the passing of resolutions showed "How Jesus Found ]lellow- is a hare framework in the air and ship with God." Still more inspiring would remain there unless student was the personal testimony of Howard effort expressed itself in creative ac- Thurman-" In Finding God." The tivitv. devotional periods led by Dr. G. A. A~ a student from the Orient therc Studdert-Kennedy of England were are many great values which I rerefreshing. He very clearly pointed ceived from this conference. The very fact that there were students out that God was accessible even from almost eYery country of the through modern science. globe bears testimony to the fact of the brotherhood of man and Father- The second cycle centered around hood of God. The many contacts "God as a ]'ather of All Mankind." which we made with each other At this time we were all too con- opened up many problems which were scious of our idiosyncrasies and prej- udices. 'rhe addresses were challenges common to us all. By discussing thrown open to followers of Christ. these problems we often got a dif- Were we worthy of being called God '8 ferent viewpoint. Was not this a children? Dr. Gilkey showed Jesus' broadening experience in our lives? conception of God as Father of alL These contacts make us more sym· Dr. Timothy T. Lew of China pointed pathetic, less prejudiced, less se1£- out real truths that some Christians conceited. In this gathering I found were making it difficult for the world sohltions for the diverse problems of to believe in Christ. Kirby Page and untouchability, caste prejudices and Mordecai Johnston struck bed rock religious intolerance existing in my when speaking about the significance own country.

FROM l1fANY

LATIN AMERICA long procession of girls on their way The Bible in Mexico to church is an inspiration."

CIRCUIJATION of the Bible in The "Old, Old Story" in Peru Mexico has not been decreased by the religious disturbances and the en- MISS STANHOPE, a Christian forcement of the articles of the con- and Missionary Alliance worker stitution relating to foreign clergy. in Huanuco, Peru, writes: "Some- 'fhe Rev. Arthur H. Mellen, agency thing happened this week that gladsecretary of the Mexico Agency of dened our hearts. Mr. Hoy and one the American Bible Society, who ha~ of the natives gave out tracts in the been a resident of Mexico since 1909, cemetery on All Souls' Day. This is states that the Mexican government the day that the priests go to the officials have invariably been most cemetery to pray for the dead (if courteous and reasonable. 'fhe Mexi- they are paid for it). Two young can Agency of the Bible Society was men received tracts about eternal life. established in 1878 and since then After reading them, they talked it has circulated 1,553,311 volumes of over together and decided to come to the mission station to question us Scriptures. about it. They asked about eternal life and purgatory; and, when the Successful Schools in Mexico Word was explained to them, they MISS BLANCHE BETZ, a Meth- immediately asked what they might odist missionary in Puebla, do to obtain this life eternal. So we Mexica, writes: "Because so many of had the privilege of telling them the the government and Catholic schools old, old story. Do pray for them.

have closed, many children have come They were given New Testaments and to us and we have an enrollment of tracts and said they would come over five hundred. Instead of our in- again on Sunday. They are from a fiuence diminishing with the existing village the other side of the moun- conditions, our field has seemed to tains where there are no missionexpand. We have aIways conformed aries. "

with the law of 1917, so that when trouble arises and inspectors are sent The Union Church of Havana to Us, they are satisfied with condi- ENDORSED by the Committee on tions found, and we go peacefully on Cooperation in Latin America, our way. Since religious instruction the Federal Council of Churches, the in the primary school is forbidden, we Anglo-American Committee on Union have had to work through the medium Churches of the Foreign Missions of Junior Leagues and the Sunday- Conference, and the United Society school. We have religious instruction of Christian Endeavor, this church is in the secondary schools, however, rendering a great service to the Eng- and with the boarding students. We lish-speaking population of Havana.

have just had to close the passage- The work established by the Pres- way between the patio of our school byterian Board of National Missions and the church in order to conform (TT. S. A.) now includes in its mem- to the laws, and now we take the girls berRhip representatives of more than around the block to attend the serv- a dozen American and British de- ices at the church. The sight of a nominations. Plans are nOW under 224

927] NEWS FROM MANY hANDS

way for the erection of a church, a Bishop of Cuzco, in whose diocese we community building and a pastor's are, was furious, and wrote immedi- residence, the combined cost of which ately to Lima, asking that the license will reach $300,000. Rev. Merlyn A. granted to the Protestants for a Chappell, pastor of the church, says: school in Combapata might be can- "Like the American church in Paris, celed. The result was a letter to the the union churches of the Canal Zone Bishop to the effect that what had and the other great English-speaking been granted, had been granted once churches in foreign lands, the Union for all, and could not possibly be Church of Havana will be a little withdrawn. The Bishop then wrote portion of the finest of the United asking for permission to teach the States and Great Britain set down in Roman Catholic catechism in every an environment where it is most school, whether Protestant or other- needed. " wise, in his diocese; but to this he received a negative reply also and we Women Fighting the Lottery turned our hearts heavenwards and T 'V HE National League of Evangel- exclaimed-' Ebenezer!' This does not ical omen of Uruguay considers mean that the opposition has ceased, the lottery a serious menace to so- not by any means, and we earnestly ciety and has planned a campaign ask you to pray hard for us and the against it. .These Christian women work amongst these dark souls."

feel a definite challenge to throw their iniluence into the great war against Russians in South America T this evil that threatens the life of HE Russian Missionary Society is concerned with the spiritual their beloved country. They are counting upon the help of the best welfare of Russians in various parts citizens as they undertake the work. of the world, as well as in their native In Montevideo they have had a num- land. One of its fields is among the ber of public meetings, speaking in Russians who have gone to South the Sunday-schools and from the America, and its worker writes: pulpits. A play has been written "One can do a great work among the especially for this campaign and has Russian emigrants here, as there is been given in a number of places. yet no opposing organization or leader The printed page is being used, and to hinder our work. Our greatest de- 1,500 copies of a leaflet, "Is the Lot- sire is to visit all of the places, includ- tery Useful or HarmfuH" by Bishop ing Paraguay and Argentina, where Neely, have been distributed all over our Russian believers live, that we Uruguay. The women of this League may strengthen and cheer them in have invited the members of the their Christian life. We are happy, Christian churches to join them in rejoicing in all circumstances. The their fight against the lottery. They Lord has helped us arrange meetings have succeeded in getting the Nation- where my wife and I are able to sing al League of Evangelical Women of gospel songs, which attract many the Argentine to begin a similar cam- people to the meetings. Then the paign in their country. Lord shows His power by helping me to answer from the Bible the many Indian Church in Peru questions which the unconverted ask T HE Evangelical Union of South on different subjects." America has recently undertaken the erection of a church and school A Fearless Oolporteur A in an Indian pueblo near the mission BRAZILIAN colporteur over sixty years of age has for his field station in Sicuani, Peru. Their representative writes: "When the gov- the state of Alagoas, one of the ernment license had been granted and smallest in Brazil, yet as large as HoI.

the notices put in the papers, the land and Belgium. He is noted for 5

his fearlessness, especially when con- ish Gazette, published in Yiddish.

fronting one of the priests, ,. many or The Chl'istian Centnry comments on whom, " writes F. C. Glass of the article: " 'Thus,' says the Gazette, Garanhuns, North Brazil, ,. have the 'is the baptism plague spreading in power of life and death in their hands, Vienna.' It deplores that a Jewish even in liberal BraziL" After an en- city with such a glorious past should counter in thc market-place of the suddenly become a sacrifice to the town of Rio Largo, in the course of baptism plague, and' that it will trade which Fransisco challenged the priest the first of the ten commandments for to bring out his Bible and compare Christian mathematics, according to it with the ones which were being sold, which three times one is one.' It he was roughly accosted by a group asks, 'HOVi can it be that the Jews of of dangerous-looking ruffians. "The Vienna are increasing the black spot priest commands you to leave the town of conversion,' when in that city at once," they shouted, "or you shall 'from olden times until nOw they were suffer for it. ' , Fransisco boldly protected from pogroms, robbery and 100kel1 his enemies in the face and tyranny?' It declares that' the Jew· exclaimed: "Go, tell your priest that ish district of the capital of Austria on a certain day I was born, and on has sunk yery low' to have allowed a certain day I may have to die, but 1,000 Jews annually to 'become Chris- it will only be when God permits, so tians, M e s h 1~ 'Itt e d i m-outcasts. '

I shall continue my work in this Among the baptized were Hans Herzl, town. " son of the famous founder of the EUROPE Zionist movement. It is also reported that in Hungary 40,000 Jews have Snnday-schools in Iceland been baptized, that in Budapest the T WO Danish clergymen recently Presbyterians alone have received made a visit to Iceland under the 2.500 and that in Ukrainia many auspices of the British Committee of Christian congregations, composed the World's Sunday School Associa- exclusively of Jews, have been organ- tion, which supervises all organized ized. "

Sunday-school work on the Continent. Both visitors were cordially received Opportunity in Bulgaria T by ministers o)f all denominations. HE work of Rev. Paul L. Mish- koff, a Bulgarian graduate of The difficulties facing the establishmmt of Sunday-school work in Ice- Moody Bible Institute, has had the land on anything like a satisfactory backing of the Russia Evangelization basis are yer;v great, though not in- Society for se,'eral ycars, and has superable. The formation of the "hown a consistent gain from the be- country itself is an obstacle. The ginning. .A t first he began speaking work which is now being carried on in a small way, with few people p3y- is practically all in the hands of for- ing any attention. 'l'he crowds grew, eigners-principally Danish-w h (> workers were added, a Bible depot and know very little of the difficult Ice- readin'! room were established in the landic language, and the vital neces- city of Philippople; colporteurs were sity at the moment is to gain the added and an effort was made to visit interest and cooperation of the mem- the homes through the Bible women bers of the Church of Iceland in work whom Mr. Mishkoff selected especially among their own children. for that work. In the summer of T.Austrian Jews Turn Christian" 1924 two Daily Vacation Bible Schools were established, in Philip- HAT within the past twelve years pople and Sofia. As the schools eon- about 12,000 Jews in Vienna have tim1ed in session the attendance grew j.oined Christian churches, about hall' until the limits of the rooms were of them having become Roman Cath- reached and other would-be attend- olies, is a statement made by the Jew- ants were turned away, even though

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the parents pleaded for their admis- by forming a Federal Council, con- sisting of sixteen members. The task sion. As the children came home day of this Council is to avoid misunder- standings and tension between the after day, reporting what they had different Polish churches, which were so strongly separated hitherto by lweoarrdnsed~naelndhapnroelv-winogrkit by attractive national and confessional antagonism, and by their and to further the common tasks of Protestantism in Poland. As long better lives, the doors of these homes ago as 1555 there was some attempt at union, but such efforts then and opened one after another to the visits since have been fruitless. In the new Poland, the different Polish churches of the Bible women. have been led imperiously to a new effort toward union. Various at- Christian Federation in Latvia tempts have been made in recent years under foreig'n aid, including efforts F OR the first time since the Repub- by Sweden and by the World Alliance lic of Latvia was established, eight for International Friendship through years ago, a nation-wide movement the Churches. These preliminary efhas been begun to unite all the vari- forts have led now to the formation ous Christian organizations in a of a Federal Council whose conclusion national Christian federation. This has been sympathetically acknowlfederation, which has the support of edged by the Polish Government. high government officials, will be used as a medium through which to dis- New BnUdings fol' Sofia Schools tribute religious literature and conduct research' in methods of work. In T IMBER for the new buildings addition. it is believed, it will provide about to be constructed for the a means of cooperation, encourage- Sofia American Schools, Bulgaria, has ment, and coordination for all kinds been provided by the Ministerial of Christian organizations, large and Council of Bulgaria which has small. Its establishment resulted g'ranted the Schools permission to take almost dircctlv from the recent Week 3,000 cubic meters of timber for use of Prayer c~lllpaign, sponsored by in construction from government such organizations as the Y. "V. C. A., Ioreflts each year for five years, Y.lf.C.,…, and most of the leading de- with a promise of extending the grant nominations. The campaign, origi- beyond the total of 15,000 cubic naU~· organized merely for Riga, meter>: if necessary. 111'. Stoyan Milospread throug'lIout the Republic. According to Brackett Lewis, secretary sheff, Manager of the Banque de Sofia, of the Y.M.C.A., the Week of Prayer membel' of Parliament, is chairman brought together for the first time of the local committee for the Sofia representatives of three nationalities American Schools, which has agreed and nYe faith~. Only the Orthodox to raise a fund of about $100,000 to Old Believers declined to affiliate, but bnild a library for the Schools as a they expressed regret that their regu- memorial to the late George Washlations forbade. President Chak"te burn, who was president of Robert of the Republic is announced as Colleg-e, Constantinople, when Mr. patron. Milosheff and other prominent Bul- Polish Protestants Unite garians were students at the college.

WORD has come to the Federal The Bulgarian cabinet is made up Conncil of Churches from Poland that the six Evangelical churches in largely of graduates. of Robert Colthat country-the Polish Lutheran lege. Two, hundred s'tudents were Clmrch, the German "United Church, the Eyangelical Church of Augsburg turned away from the schools. this and Helvetian Confession in Galicia, the Evangelical United Church in year for lack of space in the old build- Silesia, and the two Reformed Churches-have found an agreement ings at Samokov, thirty-lh'e miles from Sofia. . .' .

AFRICA outside, all Egyptians but some of A Clearing-House on Africa them Evangelicals, addressed some of the meetings."

T HE new "Institute of African Languages and Cultures," which Hartzell Training School has been referred to in the Review, has begun its work, with headquarters AMERICAN Methodists began their in London. Professor Diedrich W est- work in Southern Rhodesia in 1900, ermann, the language authority of when Cecil Rhodes gave to Bishop J. Berlin University, together with M. C. Hartzell the town of Old Umtali Labouret, of Paris, are the Joint Di- for a mission station. The Christian rectors, and when they are unable to community now numbers 7,500 and be in London, Major Hans Vischer there are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils will be in charge. A standardized enrolled in 90 schools. The so-called orthography for African languages, "hub" of the Old Umtali mission center is the Central Training School, the scientific study of African music, recently renamed in honor of its and elementary textbooks and readers founder. This school opened its elehaving a real relation to African life mentary departments in 1900; in in its new relationships with the West, 1921 the first four graduates of the are the three matters to which the higher departments received their di- Institute is now giving its attention. plomas. These men, who came from The aim of the Institute, Dr. Wester- four different tribes in Rhodesia, are mann points out, is to be the driving now pastor-teachers among their tribes force which will lead others-govern- people. More than one hundred other men, all of whom have received trainments, missionary societies and com- ing in this school though not all gradmercial concerns-to put into practice uating, are serving as pastor-teachers the principles and standards set up. in outlying mission stations throughout "We ourselves," he said, "cannot Rhodesia. They are equipped to lead produce books and so on, but we are a their people in their everyday activcentral clearing-house to which all interested will be able to come for the ities. One of the outstanding contriinformation they desire." butions of the school to Rhodesia has been made in the training of practical "The Friends of the Bible" dairymen, farmers, and industrial T HIS organization is described by workers. Miss Jameson, of the Egypt Gen- The Gleam in Their Eyes eral Mission in Zeitoun: "We usually R speak of this union as the Coptic Y. EV. A. M. GELSTHORPE, who went in the early part of last year M. C. A., but it represents a more concrete thing than that. At the be- to the college of the Church Missionginning it was a definite movement to ary Society at Awka, Nigeria, writes: demonstrate the right and advantages "By far the most striking thing to me of Bible study, and it was then led as a newcomer was, and is, the unmisby earnest young Copts who had been takable gleam in the eyes of those really truly converted, remaining within in touch with Christianity, compared their own church, and forming there- with the dull look in the eyes of those in a reform party. This year some still subject to devil-worship, a reli- thirty to forty of them gathered here gion of terror. When one thinks of for ten days, spending, as far as one the amazing way in which the Gospel could judge, the whole time in def- has spread among the people here in inite Bible study or seasons of seek- so short a time, and when one remem- ing the Lord in prayer. No other of bers that there are never more than the larger gatherings held here has two dozen C. M. S. missionaries in the been so concentrated and given up to diocese at a time, I realize how gravely the business on hand. Speakers from during my time in England I had

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

underestimated the real power that larly during the last eighteen months there is behind Christianity. Most of or so. A number of these Moslem boys the students (about forty altogether) when they were returning to the come from heathen homes. All of villages begged to be allowed to take them have countless generations of their Braille Scriptures with them. the worst heathenism behind them, and yet such is the change worked by Methodism in North Africa Christianity, that it is no exaggeration to say that often one forgets that they AT THE 1926 North Africa Mission are other than boys and young men Conference of the Methodist among whom one worked at home." Episcopal Church, two Arabs, the first of their race, were accepted on "These Women Are Christians" probation. With 'them was received a Kabyle of one of the tribes of the old ASTRIKING story of the power of North African Berber race. "With the Gospel to build strong char- these three, formerly Mohammedan," acter is thus told by Dr. W. C. Terril writes Percy Smith, "was received on of Johannesburg in the Record of trial the son of a Methodist mission- Christian Work: "A group of Chris- ary who has worked for twenty-seven tian native women were sent to work years in North Africa. This son was for a Portuguese farmer, who grew born in North Africa and intends to sugar cane, and from it made a native devote his life to mission work in the beer. He ordered these women to take land of his birth. The scene was very this beer in large demijohns to the vil- impressive–a missionary probationer lages where it had been already sold. of the second generation received When they refused, he preferred along with the first fruits of missioncharges against them to the local gov- ary labor. It seemed a pledge and ernment official of refusing to work. prophecy of the progress of the mis- They said that they had refused to sionary Christian Church of the carry demijohns of beer on their future in North Africa. heads, or have anything else to do with the business; they were ready Islam Spreads in Abyssinia to work at anything else. The government official said to the Portu- DR. TOM LAMBIE, of the United guese farmer: 'My advice to you is Presbyterian Mission in Abysto let these women alone. The grind- sinia, says that the Galla people, who ing of sugar cane to make beer is are found all over that country, are not permitted, and if you insist on originally pantheists, but that in one their doing that kind of work they will or two of the eastern provinces the make trouble for you, and also for Mohammedans have had striking sucme. They are Christians, and the cess and the whole population has God whom they serve is a powerful become Moslem. This has been true God.' " in parts of the south as well, where is a famous Galla ruler known as Sultan Blind Moslems Study Bible Abag-ifar. "Few if any of his people" says Dr. Lambie, "have a ABJ~IND Egyptian Christian, in the knowledge of Arabic and they do not employ of the Church Missionary even know how to pronounce the Mo- Society in Cairo, has been having a hammedan creed correctly, but still remarkable experience. A number of they consider themselves Mohamblind students from Al Azhar wanted medans and are even sending out to learn to read and write Braille. missionaries to their Galla neighbors Gindhi consented on one condition who are still pantheists to convert and that was that he would use his them to Mohammedanism. In all this own text book, which was the Word part of the country there is not a of God. They have consented and single Christian missionary. If our many have attended his classes regn- church could only send out some one

to tell them about Christ before the Abraham Olama Mendulu, is going Mohammedans get there what a great along well in his service of his and thing it would be." our great Chief, Jesus Christ. I do not see him these days, but he and I African Christian Mothers often correspond. The missionary in his part of the field always has a good A NUMBER of graduates of the word to say to me about the stead- girls' school at Chisamba, Portu- fastness of Olama, though he is often gese West Africa, all of them now very sorely tried and tempted." wives of Christian teachers and evangelists, were invited to return to the Ten Years' C.hange in Nigeria school for a week-end conference. Miss Elizabeth Read, of the United T EN years ago Enugwu, the center Church of Canada, writes of them: of the coal mining district of Nigeria, was practically uninhabited, The first time they gathered, I must and lay in the territory of most primfrankly say that we felt discouraged at their itive and savage tribes. Today it is a appearance. They had come straight from rapidly growing up-to-date town with their native villages, and, in spite of all thousands of inhabitants, European. their good inten tions, we could see the and African. When Rev. I. Ejindu, downward pull of their heathen surround- a recently ordained clergyman, was ings. Neither they nor the babies were sent there in 1916 he found a people clean' or tidy. We spoke frankly to them, whose barbarities were almost past asking them to remember that they were belief. Cannibalism was common. our guests. 'I wish you could have seen The murder of twins was an inyarithem next morning! You would scarcely able rule. Thieving was a daily ochave recognized them as the same people, currence, and burning of houses an and we felt deeply what could b<l accom- event too common to occasion any plished if we had the time to keep closer comment. Ejindu had the greatest to them with counsel and patient, loving difficulty in finding any place in which reminder. Such a sweet, wholesome to live. Several attempts were made group of young mothers they looked, ready to poison him; eight times in 1919 and willing to be guided. his property was stolen. But through all these persecutions, E,jindu was African Chiefs of Many Sorts preserved, and the Gospel made its way into the hearts of many of the REV. A. B. PATTERSO).!, Amer- people. Now tbere are in the district ican Presbyterian missionary at some seventy churches, forty-schools, Ebolowa, in the Cameroun since 1911, and eighty to ninety teachers, entirely numbers several African chiefs among supported by the people themselves. his friends. He writes of visiting one while a native boy with a limited A New Station in Uganda knowledge of French was translating for him a French mail order cata- SOME of the experiences of a mislogue, and comments, "I would like sionary who opens a new station to be present when the order arrives. " in Africa are thus described by Rev. All chiefs, however, he says, "are not T. L. Lawrence, of the Church Misthe same. Close to Elat we have the sionary Society's force in F ganda, Grand Chief Ndile Nsom. He is a who has begun work in a place called stately-looking gentleman, always Lira: "The native pastor displayed well dressed. He wears a slung sword much energy, for the 100 acres we reon great days. Every Sabbath sees ceived from the Government in exhim in church at Elat. He has been change for land at Mbale was all a Chr.istian about ten years and is under long grass. He soon had many a church member; he is the native acres under the cultivation of cotton ruler of several thousands of people. and sweet potatoes. He also built us The last time I was visiting him, after a wattle and daub house of three I had been with him about an hour, I said that I must be going. He rose and closed the two doors and quietly said to me, 'We will pray first.' My particular friend, Grand Chief

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rooms. Sunday services were started, new trend is toward the things that and the attendance soon grew to 100 are Western, but the Turk has clung and more. With such encouragement, to his nationality and his history. such warm welcomes from people, The metamorphosis from the be-fezzed chiefs, and teachers, we felt that God and wide-bloomered Turk of Anatolia was leading us on…. Our little dining-room is a store dispensary, and under the Snltanate of Abdul Aziz bookshop. At one window we sell to the gray felt-hatted and trousered books (so far we have sold 1,000 first Turk of Anatolia under the presireading books, catechisms, etc.), while dency of Mustapha Kemal has not at another window my wife dispenses made the Turk a European. He enmedicines. " joys classical music, he is a skilled electrical engineer, he teaches Scho- THE NEAR EAST penhauer, but he feels with real love and pride that he is a Turk of the The Mosle:m World Secularized Republic of Turkey."

AFTER commenting on the ex- Success of Dr. Peet'g Mission ternal ways in which Turkey is breaking with the past, a writer in T HAT Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent the London Christian says: "Edu- forty years in Constantinople uncation is being divorced from religion. der the American Board had been ap- Mohammedanism is losing its religious pointed " an ambassador of good fervor. I witnessed a remarkable in- will" to the Near East by the Federal stance of this in St. Sophia itself. It Council of Churches and other rewas an evening service closing the ligious bodies ,vas announced in th,e great feast of Ramadan-the Moham- August, 1926 Ret·1ew. Letters remedan Lent. Ordinarily there would ceived from Dr. Peet describe the conhave been ten thousand people there. tacts which he has established with the This time there were gathered within patriarchs and prelates of the Eastthe vast, illuminated interior about ern Orthodox Churches. Gregory IV, three hundred. It was a striking Patriarch of Antioch, Meletios, Patriproof of the way in which the lIoham- arch of Alexandria, the Armenian medan world is being secularized. A Patriarch of Jerusalem, and others revolution is taking place in Islam have given him official messages of more tremendous than we realize. greeting to the Federal Council. The With much of it Christendom is one from Sahag II, the Armenian bound to sympathize. But there are Catholicos of Cilicia, says in part: terrific dangers. A secularized Mohammedanism might repeat on a The Honorable Dr. W. W. Peet, well tragic scale the parable of a returned known to the people of the Orient and devil re-entering with seven other especially to the Armenians, by his inestima· spirits more wicked than himself, so hIe services for the Church and humanity, that the last state is worse than the all October 22, ]926, communicated' to U9 first. Fanatical superstitions may be the message of fraternal love, in Christ, exchanged for evils even more dread- from twenty·eight different denominations ful. " ill the United States of America, with their more than twenty million members. I am Old Turks in New Turkey glad to declare that the love of the Anne· nian Church has been multiplied toward the MISS DOROTHEA BLAISDELL American churche,s whose children did not writes from Constantinople: withhold their fraternal sympathy and help "In education the secularization of during the suffering and martyrdom of our the Government has taken away the people even until the present time. power of the clergy, and the new impetus to education that this change Bible Depot in Constantinople has brought is carrying it along toward Western met,hods…. The whole THE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety recently opened a new build- ing in Constantinople on the Grand Rue de Pera, one of the main streets. Over the depot the name of the Society

is announced in four languages. A rep- large and needy city. Its population resentative of the Society writes: "It comprises something over a thousand is a remarkable and highly gratifying Jewish families, seven Christian fam- fact that the Bible Society's work in ilies, four Roman Catholic, one Ar- Constantinople has never been stopped menian, and two Protestant, one of by the Turkish authorities during those two being our worker there.

these years of change. Even during The remainder of the population are the war the work was kept going. We Moslems. The town is quite fanatical.

owe much to some of the authorities Our worker went through some stiff in Constantinople who have given us experiences when he entered the town, their support. Our two colporteurs such as being refused the sale of food are able to sell the Scriptures without by the shopkeepers, but now he has any serious molestation. No Bible les- quite a number of friends, and is son may now be given in the mission patiently selling his books, having in- schools. The Qur'an is not taught in terviews wherever he can, and witgovernment schools. But the open nessing well to his Lord. Hillah is Bible is displayed in the window of close to a number of fairly large and our depot in a main street, and copies very influential Moslem cities, all of are sold in public thoroughfares which are unoccupied. Among them throughout the city." are Kerbelah and Nejef and Kufa, all sacred cities to the Shiah Moslems, Persian Pioneer Nurses and great centers of pilgrimage from all over Persia, and Afghanistan, and MISS MARY C. JOHNSON writes parts of India." from the girls' school in Tabriz, Persia which has Armenian and INDIA AND SIAM Syrian as well as Persian pupils: "One of the Persian girls in the ninth India' Attitude to the Church C grade is also teaching some of the ANON A. W. DAVIES, of St. John's College, Agra, contributes lower Persian classes, and requests that instead of paying her for her to the Church M.issionary Gleaner a work, we take in some poor girl free. thoughtful artide, in the course of Some of our girl graduates we take which he says: "A well-known In- into our own school as teachers, dian-edited paper of Bombay recently and some go to our hospital to tak.. commended the British and Foreign a nurse.,' training course. This year Bible Society's work, because it made two of our Persian graduates went to ayailable throug-hout India the the hospital to take up the study of eyidence upon which Indians could nursing. They are the first Persian form a judgment of the life and teach- . girls to brave the storm of crificism ings of Jesus, detached from the they knew would come when they de- dogmatic pronouncements of the cided to leave their own homes and Churches. Again and again Indian enter this work. Persian girls are not students have said to me: 'I believe free to stay away from home for even thllt JeSllS Christ is the highest revela- one night. That is equivalent to los- tion of God; but I do not believe that the Christian Church truly shows ing their g'ood name."

Him forth, so that there is no reason New Center in Mesopotamia why I should join it.' The great danger of the present situation seems T HE United Mission in Mesopo- to lie in this: that educated Indians, tamia has opened its third station rejecting- the Church and the demands in Hillah. five miles from the site of of baptism, should be satisfied with ancient Babylon. Rev. A. G. Ed- the mere recognition of the beauty of wards. who, with Mrs. Edwards. has the character and teaching of Christ, gone from Mosul to take charge of without admitting His demands upon this new work, writes: "Hillah is a their life and allegiance; and the

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

thought has been growing among are not always typical and many wear some of us in India that this denial English clothes regardless of religion should be made upon them insistently. or caste, he could tell a Christian from They cannot read the gospels without a Hindu or a Mohammedan, and if so realizing that following Christ in what word would express what he India, as everywhere else, should could read in the face of a Christian. mean the acceptance of the cross and He said that the word he would use the readiness to endure the shame of would mean just the opposite of arconfession. ' , rogance, which he thought was humility. I thought that was not a National Christian Council bad compliment for our Indian Chris- tians, especially as he is a strict Hindu T HE six-day meeting of the Nation- of the Brahman caste." a 1 Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon, held in Calcutta, Freed Slaves in Nepal dealt with a number of important T HB great plan of the Maharajah of Nepal, a native state on the questionlS. In discussing intercom- northeastern frontier of India, to abolish slavery in his dominions has munal strife, Dr. S. K. Datta main- been followed with interest in the Re- view, and it was announced in the tained that the problem was funda- October issue that the total slave pop- ulation, about 60,000, had been set mentally an economic one and that free. The Anti-Slavery and Aborig- ines Protection Society has received certain leaders were using the chronic from Nepal a memorandum which g'ives the history of the reform, and economic unrest for their own ends. states that as long ago as 1911 the Maharajah had ordere.d a census taken It was announced that plans had been of the slaves. It reports that about a third of the emancipated slaves made for a comprehensive inquiry in- have chosen to stay with their masters as hired laborers; of the rest, some to industrial conditions in India with have settled in or near the places where they were employed, and others a view to the education of public proposed to cultivate land for them- selves. ]'or this the Maharajah has opinion and advancing Christian thrown open available tracts of culti- vable ,yaste lands in the hills, and standards in industrial life. It was started reclamation and clearance works in many areas. proposed that a center of Islamic "Thus" comments the magazine oj' studies be established at Lahore, the Society, "one of the most notable achievements in the history of slavery where original investigation might be has been brought to a prosperous is- sue. " carried on. One resolution stated that Bright Outlook in Dornakal the Council welcomed what had been DORNAKAL, South India, is done by the Indian Government in known to many friends of mis- sions as the headquarters of Bishop the revision of its opium export Azariah, the first Indian to be elevated to the episcopate. An English clergypolicy, so as to stop export completely man, the bishop's chaplain, writes of the future of the diocese: "In certain in ten years, but regarded the denial of an inquiry into the domestic opium problem as 'unsa,t'isfactory and 'r:e- soIYed to continue its efforts to pro- mote the education of the public on the matter. .

Moslem and Christian Faces T HE language lesson of a new mis- sionary was interrupted by a tradesman, of whom the pundit said, " He is a Mohammedan." Says the missionary: "I asked how he could tell, since the man did not wear the typical clothes. He said, 'By the expression of his face.' I asked him what English word would express most nearly what he meant, and he said. 'Arrogance expresses it the best.' I then asked if, now that clothes

THE districts about half of the outcaste Bleeding Pillar as a Text population have now joined us, in following incident is quoted spite of many persecutions and the from the report of the Union Ka- very high moral standard that is re- narese Seminary in Tumkur, South quired, and the other half are eager. India: "In a village five miles away to come in, had we only the teachers there stands before the temple a tall, to send them. Moreover, now for the slender pillar, down the side of which first time there is a distinct movement for some little distance rain has left a among the Sudras, that is to say the course of red rust. The people declare great middle class of the Hindu that periodically the pillar bleeds, and people. Where the move.ment of. the there, sure enough, is the thin red line.

lower classes has been Wlsely glllded In some quarters, a few months ago, the Sudras have sho,,:n .profoun,d. re- the fear grew lest the appearance of spect for the ChrIstIan rehgIon. the blood on the pillar should be a Bittel' enemies have become staunch portent of disaster to the State. The friends. A spirit of inquiry has risen six senior students went out to investi- among them. In several places actual gate this phenomenon. With great conversions have been fairly numer- tact they won the confidence of the ous during the past year or two. It leading folk of the village so far as is not impossible that during the next to induce them to have a ladder few years w~ may see a vast inga~her- brought and set up against the pillar ing of the main body of the Hmdu from the roof of the temple. One of people." the students mounted the Jadder, a Stanley Jones in South India somewhat risky proceeding, and climb- ing to the top of the pillar proved to AUDIENCES of educated non- the people beyond controversy that Christians estimated at twice the the bleeding was due to an iron spike size of even those which greeted Rev. in a cup at the top of the shaft. Stanley Jones, author of "The Christ When a safe descent had been effected, of the Indian Road," on his first tOllr the men improved the occasion in in South India have been attending apostolic fashion and preached Christ his meetings there. The address, a to the crowd that had gathered." frank presentation of the Christian ma ehsasalfge~nodccaunpieedquaablotuitmaenwhaosurgiavnedn Chur"li Work of BllrlUe~e WOlUen to answering questions. Rev. Boyd W. Tucker, who accompanied him, AN AMERICAN Baptist missionthus describes one feature of the tour: ary in Rangoon writes in ~.issions of the natural business ablhty of Round table conferences are held to which are invited about fifteen of the most re- Burmese women, who genel'ally man- ligious Hindus and Mohammedans and abOl:t age the family financ~s. Th~s ~bility five of the best Christians. Each man 18 asked to relate what religion meallS to him has been shown also In a mIsslOnary in experience. N~ comments are m~de, so that the te,stimonws may speak thou own society, of which she says: "Several message. It has been arrallged that there shall he more non -Christians than Christians, hundred women were present at the so that everything shall be ahsolutely fair. It is most ;emarkable how Christianity is organization of the Society. A ye.ry able to comllland the situation and stand out by the sheer superiority of its abmty to modest little lady from Monlmem, reyeai God and transform lives through the wife of the pastor of the Burmese personality of Jesus. One elderly Hi?du approached Dr. Jones aiter he had ipven Cquhaluirtcih~s and possessed of owutasstanmd~idneg his own personal testimon~- in one of th.esc of leadership, meetings and said, "Yon have been tellmg us about something this afternoon that none president. Two consecr!lted B~ble of us know anything about. .Jesus stands out in a fresh'and challenging way as the women volunteered theIr serVIces way of the Father." without salary to tour Burma in the interests of the Society. The question of money to carryon the work was settled temporarily by charging a membership fee of one rupee. Later mite-boxes were added and from these

NEWS FROM MANY LAJTJ)S

two sources alone has come a large course, preclude the use of a few amount of money for missionary specially gifted Western evangelists.

work. The Society has been organ- The tendency to submit Chinese for ized three years now and God has Westerners in positions where policies wonderfully blessed its work and of Christian work are determined will given wisdom beyond what we could also decrease the demand for West- have forseen." ern Christians in executive positions.

Putting it another way, the tendency Loyal Siamese "Endeavorel"" is against having the missionary of T HE newly organized Christian the future prominent as preacher, Endeavor society of Chiengmai, promoter or administrator. There is, Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of however, less insistence on the above Bangkok Christian College. 'l'his fine negative changes than on the positive young man's fidelity and unflagging qualities al'id functions of the mis- earnestness in Christ's service witness sionary of the future. The wish is powerfully for the success attained in often expressed for the freer giving Bangkok Christian College in win- of the Western Christian's whole ning, training, and sending forth personality to the Chinese Church….

leaders in the great task of winning Especially desired is the rich example Siam for Christ. This young man's of personalities illumined with Christ.

father, a .stanch Buddhist and the 'We need them,' says another, 'to help governor of a populous district, has solve the problem of living up to the from the first opposed the action of principles of Jesus.' 'rhe Western his eldest son in leaving the religion Christian is thus called to be first and which is announced by his majesty foremost an exponent of the spirit of the king to be the religion of the Christ in human relationships…..

Siamese. He and all the other mem- The Chinese Church wants the West- bers of the family put every difficulty ern Christian more than his money; in the way of his Christian faith. his sympathy and appreciation more While living with them and in every than numbers."

other particular a loved member of their circle, he gently but very flrmlJ' Chinese Combine Five Religions M adheres to "the Jesus Way," witness- RS. H. G. ROMIG, of Tenghsien, Shantung Province, describes ing for his Master by a most consistent walk and conversation. He is what she calls "a religious fad that zealous in seeking to win young men has recently become popular in this to Christ. He is the most enthusiastic part of China. It is a combination temperance leader in Chiengmai.- of Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, Christian Endeavor WorZd. Confucianism and Mohammedanism.

CHINA From each of these religions the Function of the Missionary people choose practices and teachings that suit the unregenerate heart of the AN EDITORIAL in the Chinese natural man. They claim they are Recorder gives expression to saved, and enter heaven through good what it calls the idea of Chinese works, hence the distribution of Christians "as to what the mission- famine relief to the poor-, They ary can do and where he can best teach transmigration of souls, but serve the Chinese Church. " The have no place for repentance, and no editor continues: "'rhe demand for need for prayer. 'All men are broth- Western preachers in China is de-_ ers' is a favorite declaration with creasing. Chinese speakers at com- them."

mencements and conferences are rap- idly increasin!!:. Since the mission- Self-Sacrifice of a. Chinese G aries came to China to make preachersILBERT McINTOSH of Shang- hai, who has represented the rather than to be preachers this should be welcomed; it does not, of Presbyterian Board in China since

1891, calls attention to the fact that Village Entirely Christian Chinese Christianity may possibly be enriched by traits of Chinese char- NEWSPAPER correspondents who acter which we are apt to overlook. write of Christian work in China The doctor in charge of Shantung having to be abandoned because of Road Hospital told of a man who had the recent disturbances do not know been brought in lacking an arm. He Chinese Christians. Such a story as was, an ardent Buddhist and had been the following from a missionary in instrumental in raising funds for a North China would surprise some of Buddhist temple near the North Rail- them: "One village where a church way Station. A large sum was lack- is located is built in the side of a ing and, in a spirit of renunciation mountain and the church forms the and determination to do something social center. There is not one nondrastic, he cut oil' his left arm above Christian in the town. Years ago the elbow with a sharp and heavy when the people became Christian meat chopper. In the hospital it was they destroyed their idols and little found necessary to cut away another village temple, and no such thing has portion to ensure cure. "If," he says, existed since. The girls and women "such self-sacrificing spirit can be of this village all have natural feet enlisted in the cause of Christ we may and no queue has been known among expect an ardent phase of Chinese the men in years. The young women Christianity that will mean great have won prizes in a contest of rethings for the extension of Christ's peating Scripture they had learned. Kingdom." They repeated Psalms 1, 19, 23,1 Cor. 13, Rom. 8 and many more chapters. Foochow's Governor Reads Bible And the way this group fairly makes the mountains ring with their songs T HOUGH the disturbances in Foo- of praise would delight the heart of chow have made it necessary for anyone hearing them. " foreigners to leave, it is interesting to read this description, written by a Tibetans More Responsive Methodist missionary, of the civil governor of the city: "Forty years B ISHOP A. WARD, of the Morago he returned from a naval school avian Church, writes of their in England and has been an admiral mission in Khalatse, Tibet: "Many in the Chinese navy. He goes every- travellers up and down the valley where without a guard of soldiers now call at the mission-house, not only save the minimum of one or two as to see such strange and interesting a mark of his office. He is not a public things as the harmonium and picspeaker, but never hestitates to grace tures, or to talk about everyday matthe platform of any Christian school ters, but definitely to hear the chos, or other public institution with a few the religion; for the missionary has sincere words of greeting. He lives something to teach, but the lamas simply and is as approachable as any taught them nothing. They will raise official in the United States. While their hands to their heads and bow not a professed Christian, he is very in respect to religious pictures frcendly to Christian institutions, and (though nobody wishes them to do within the last two or three years this), and say with the same tokens has spent an hour regularly each of respect, (Salaam, .Jesus !' The week for a period of months study- villagers attend service on Sundays ing the Bible in English with one of in goodly numbers; for, after the the Y. M. C. A. secretaries. I have Saturday evening prayer-meeting, the not heard any foreigner speak with Christians go to the houses in the vilgreater vehemence about the existing lage and invite the people to come, evils in China's official life today reminding them that tomorrow is than has he." Sunday, which the people otherwise say they forget."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

JAPAN-KOREA Scriptures could not be supplied fast enough to meet the demand, today the Bible Society Jubilee demand is for patience, perseverance and perspective. Nowadays it is not T HE American Bible Society cele- uncommon for him to meet with argu- brated in the autumn the fiftieth ments, contradictions, insults and anniversary of the beginning of its abuse. " work in Japan. Among those who took part was Rev. Matsuyama, the Fruit. of Newspaper Evangelism only man living of both foreigners and Japanese who were members of REV. DR. AND MRS. HARVEY the Bible translation and revision BROKAW, who began their committees from 1874 till 1887 and work in Japan thirty years. ago, refrom 1911 till 1917. The Reconl, port that newspaper evangelism conpublished by the Society, comments: tinues to be a fruitful form of service "The fact that practically 900,000 in that country. Some of the results volumes of Scripture were absorbed of this work are forty-six decisions to in the northern half of Japan from study for baptism this year, one perour Agency alone in its fiftieth year son entering the ministry and over tells a story of an open door and a 10,000 pieces of literature sent out. friendly attitude. But it tells only a lt is known that nine have entered the part of the story. For instance thou- ministry in the eight years of this sands of Scripture volumes have been work in Kyoto and sixty-one bapsupplied to those in the jails of tisms are recorded. Innumerable op- Japan, with the cordial aid, and, portunities for personal work result. sometimes., at the request of the One man ten miles in the country, a Japanese officials themselves. The baptized Christian, holds a service tributes to the Bible by non-Christian, once a week in his house and has oras well as Christian, officials in high g'anized a flourishing temperance soposition are also further illustrations ciety among the young men. of the happy change from the conditions of the early days of missions Influence of a Dying Man and the Agency in Japan." FROM the Korea Mission of the Colporteurs ill Moderll Korea United Church of Canada comes the following incident: "At Pooguh, REV. F. G. VESEY of the United a young man, who had been the only Church of Canada writes of the Christian in his household, died. Durcolporteurs who work under him: ing his last illness he continually "Simple country men that they are pleaded with his mother and all his -so many of them-the importance family to become Christians and to of their work is often non-apparent take down the sacrificial table which to them and sometimes they are had been put up over a year ago to tempted to waver and fall. Yet most some departed one. On the day he of them toil on and rejoice in their died, the relatives held a council and toil. As the economic, political and though it was, particularly to the social conditions change, so to a great grandfather and grandmother, a seextent has the attitude of the people vere test to forego the comfort which altered toward the Gospel. . The sacrificing meant to them, they all materialistic, atheistic, and communi- agreed to comply with his wishes. stic influences are barefacedly at The funeral arrangements. were left work, doing their utmost against the in charge of the Christians, and, in best interests of the people all over spite of loud protests from the heathe peninsula. So that the task of then neighbors, the sacrificial table the colporteur is more than ever an was taken down. A few weeks later, uphill one. His work is harder and the whole family was attending heavier than ever it has been, and church and the young widow looking while there was a time when the

forward to going to the Bible Insti- got through bis four years' course, he cared tute. " little wbether his work was satisfflctory or not. Now all these things are changed. Stu- Syenchun Ohurch Branches Out dents, on the whole, although coming from different parts of the Terrjtory, live arnic- F ORTY members of one of the ably together, and often form strong friend- Presbyterian churches in Syen- ships. They take a pride in doing their ehun, Korea who were set apart a few manual and schoolwork well, and cmleav01' months ago as a separate organiza- to take a creditable place in all examination, bought and remodeled a large tions. Tbere is little Or no cheating, and house in a neighboring village. In 11 anyone who is guilty of it, is not looked short time the congregation more than upon with respect. One seldom seeB any trebled, so that the church building of th-8m untidy, and where they are placerl in positions of trust they are genrral1y re- liable.

had to be enlarged proportionately. Boys' School in Honolulu Besides this expense of providing an adequate place of worship, the people I OI'ANI School in Honolulu, estabassumed their full share of an old lished in 1863 by the Church of debt of the mother church and are England, but now under the direcalso contributing liberally toward the tion of the American Episcopal helper's salary. At the recent meet- Church, is seeking in many ways to ing of the Presbytery permission was Christianize and Americanize boys of given them· to elect their first two man y races-Chinese, Japanese, elders. The church gives the promise Korean, Hawaiian, Portuguese and of vigorous growth in a new section Filipino. One of the teachers writes: of agricultural land opened up by ,. Scores of our boys have returned reclamation from the sea. It is also to China, Christian men of influence reported from Syenchun that recently in their communities …. In the past one of the hospital evangelists went Iolani has done an important work; into a heathen district where there is today it is filling a vital need, doing no church. He went loaded down with excellent work with a better-equipped Testaments, gospels and tracts. He corpf> of teachers than ever before. reports that a brother of a former Fifteen years from now many of onr hospital patient lends him a room for present students will be holding pOf>ihis meetings at which he is having a tions of trust. In 1902 the enrollment nightly attendance of sixty or waf> thirty-five-today it is 370."

seventy. NORTH AMERICA A Pacific Institute of Politics ISLANDS OF THE SEA A NOTABLE forward step has Higher Standards in Papua been taken in the development of T HE London :Missionary Society international understanding and gocd (Congregational) conducts in Pa- will by the organization for the pua a training school for native Christians. The missionary in charge Pacific Coast of an Institute similar to writes as follows of the marked im- the Institute of Politics at Williamsprovement in the students in recent town. During the last three years years: President von Klein Smid of the Uni- versity of Southern California has In the early days thtl temper of some been ~vorking to this end and has seof the students was very fickle, and it was cured the backing of influential thought advisible to keep all the bows and leaders of public thought in the uniarrows used by the students out of harm's versities, in business life, and in the way lest there should be bloodshed. Lazi- federal government. The first annual ness and shirking in mannal work were COlli- session of the Institute held in Decemmon: and cbElating in class or in borne-work ber brought together a very signifwas not regarded .as :it serious matter. icant group of leading thinkers on Neither the men nor tbe women had much international relations. The Congreregard for their personal appearance, pre- gationalist comments: ferring to go about in their oldest aUfl dirtiest garments. So long as the student

NEWS FROM MANY LAl'mS

It has long been recognized that some of prominent topic in their programs. the major international problems of the Platform messages will be presented world concern the nations around the Pacific. by officers and members of the Com- Ocean. Now wlth the Instltnte of Pacific mittee. A limited number of conven- Relations holding biennial meetings in Ha· tions and conferences will be held. In waii, and the Institute of International addi~ion there will be many group R.elations holding annual sessions on th·3 meetmgs of selected men and women Faeific Coast, the leaders in interpreting throughout the country. Because the and solying these major international prob young people of high school and unilems are likely to be developed in this Pacific versity age are unacquainted with the area bY such cooperative thinking as these evils of the saloon, special attention gatherings make possible. will be directed to intensifying senti- ment for law observance among them. Japanese Student Convention THE Church and Y. M. C. A. Cooperation F OR four days during thf' Chris· movement to bring the Church mas vacation the Japanese Stu, and the Young :JIen's Christian dents Christian Association held a conference in Evamton, Ill., at which .~ssoci.ation into closer working relatwenty-one educational institutions were represented. As reported in the tlOIlslup has now enlisted twenty of Bullptin published by the Association "the central thought of th3 Conven: the national evangelical church ortion was that the J. S. C. A. is a Christian organization and that it ganizations in athpepoUinnteitdedcoSmtmaitse~sioanl­l must become more religions in more of ,,,hom have yat:ious ways." Other aspects of the gathering are described as follows: ers to confer at stated times with "The study of the problems of the Pacific, the problem of war and peace, representatives of the Association. and the problem of American-Japanese relations, all looking toward EIghteen of these denominational world peace, was started and recommended for further studv in local bodie~ have also appointed standing chapter~….. The kev was struck once more that Japanes~ students should commIttees on cooperation with the endeavor to receive the best from "-merican life and contribute the best ~. M. ~..A. The General Counselling which they have to it in the course of their study in America." C~mmIsslOn of the Churches, meeting Education ill Law O'bservance t Jus year for the third time, added to T -{E Citizens' Committee of One its rolls two Xegro denominations. Thousand on IJaw Observance and Rnforcement at its recent meeting in With such additions the commission Washington outlined a program which included the following points: Plans now represents a church membership for a nation-wide campaign or education and publicity were unanimous- of more than 17,000,000 in the United ly adopted. Pledges of support were made. Because of the danger from ~tates and Canada, served by approxpropaganda or nullification and disregard of law the Committee was Imately 96,000 pastors in 119,000 called upon to extend its work. The efforts in behalf of law observance churches. Relations between the will not be confined to prohibition groups alone but will include the en- churches and the Y. M. C. A. in small listment of existing organization of all types to make law observance a cities and rural communities have im- proTed in recent years, according to the results of a survey presented to thf' commission. The same survey showed that 506 Y. 11. C. A. secre- taries in 200 small cities (p5~s0i0t0iontos ?5,000 population) hold 823 III theIr local churches, serving as trustees, Sunday-school superintend- ents and teachers, choir members, and leaders of boys' and men's clubs.

Congregational Home Missions T HE completion of a hundred years of home mission work was celebrated at the recent annual meet- ing of the Congregational Home Mis-

sionary Society. The Society in its , 'Is it wrong to go to a movie or a first year had 169 missionaries, who dance alone with a 'trustful boy' Y"

rendered a total of 1,320 months of "What can a girl do when a boy service. This year its missionaries writes notes against school rules 1"

numbered 1,478, and the months of The Y. W. C. A. goes out to aid young service totaled 14,605. The total in- Indian girls on reservations and in come or the work of the Society was schools, helping them to bridge the $18,140 in 1826; for the year 1925- difficult period of transition between 1926 it was $1,229,810. More than the "ways of the blanket" of their 700,000 have been led into church parents and grandparents and the membership by the missionaries of the white man's religion, education and Society during its century of history. sanitation, after they leave schoo1.- The state of New York was the main American Friend.

field of the Society at the beginning.

The first year 120 of its 169 mission- Alaaka Native Brotherhood aries labored in New York, the only WILLIAM L. PAUIJ, a member of missionaries west of the Mississippi the Alaska Territorial Legisla- River in 1826 being three in Missouri. ture, describes this organization The missionaries of the Society today which, he says, "unites the native people of southeastern Alaska. It is are distributed in 45 states, Hawaii now fourteen years old, with camps and Alaska. They are laboring in the newer sections of the far West, and in the cities and rural districts of the in every village. Most of the camps East. Twenty-five languages other own large, well-equipped halls which than English are used in 304 Ioreign- are centers of village life. Though speaking missions. the Brotherhood is strictly unde- nominational yet the leaders ~re near- Indian Girls' Questions ly all graduates of the Sheldon T HAT the ways of white people Jackson School. Today the organiza- and present-day modes of conduct are puzzling to young Indian girls tion moves forward along four lines: in government schools and on Indian education, Christian morality, ecoreservations is revealed by recent nomics and politics. In its platform questions. Miss Edith M. Dabb, ex- are four planks: abolition of fish ecutive secretary of the work of the traps, huge fishing contrivances, often Y. W. C. A. among Indians and long a mile in length, catching as many as an authority on the life and customs 500,000 pounds a day; home rule for of Indian women, has recently made Alaska; competent Christian citizena study of some of the inquiries made ship; one nation, one language, one by young Indian girls. Questions of flag. The Brotherhood owns a printhonor, conduct, loyalty and truth are ing plant and publishes a monthly magazine which is read by white stressed. One that reflects the tragic people as well as natives. In the clash between their old regime at matter of internal legislation the home and modern ideas from school Alaska Native Brotherhood has seand college is, "Should we do what cured the passage of fair laws by the our parents say or what our schools legislature in support of prohibition teach us, if they fail to agree?" Deal- and schools; and the repeal of antiing with boys causes many perplexi- racial laws. It is proving true t{) the teaching of Jesus and is developing a ties. "How can girls act so that boys competent Christian citizenship." cannot take too much for granted?"

The Missionary Review of the World — 1924 Index

MISSIONARY

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVII NEW SERIES Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 'December, 1924 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. 1>IRs. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOYEBY REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL FLORENOE E. QUINLAN MRs. E. O. CRoNK RElV. RoDNEY W. RoUNDY REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. REV. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. F. C. STEPIIENSON, M.D. REV. S. G. INMAN .JAMES R. .JOY REV. JAY S. STOWELL MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. Loo]'[Js, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY REV. C. E. VE&MILYA, D.D. Rl'lV. JOHN MCDOWELL" D.D. MRS. F. W. WILCOX ROBERT P. WILDER OOPYRIGHTED, 1924-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRI!lCTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRs. E. C. CRoNK WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President HARLAN P. BEAOH WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, &cretary FLEMING H. REVELL ORARLES L. WHITE FREDERICK L. COLVER 1023 MAPS, CHAR TS AND POSTERS Page P;~6 Afghanistan ……………………………… 704 – War Area ……………. Africa Inland Misl'Ilon Territory ………… 977 China's Smokestacks, The Cross and ……… 730 China., Growth of Christian Church in …… 783 Chinese Melting Pot, Protestant Denomina- – in 1900 Protestant Missionary Occupation of …….•.•………•…••….•…•…..•…. 798 tions in ………………………………. 813 – in 19-00, Protestant Missionary Occupation Congregational Convention Poster ………… 29R of .•.•…•.•………………………….•.• 7n99l Map, New Kind of Electric .•……………. 986 Poster …………………………………. – Medical Mission Poster …………………… 381 – Posters for Study of ………………….. 823 Missionary Fields of the World ." 4 – The Church in …. ,. (Insert) 0 ••••••••••••••• 791'1 Play Time in Various Lands ……………… 205 – Unoocupied Cities in . _.'" … " … (Insert) 796 Student COJ;1vention Poster … . …….•…. 381 – Walled Cities of ……………………….. 791 – Volunteer Poster ………………………• 84 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRA TIONS Page Page Abyssinia, First Am.erican Mission School in 970 Cloud. Henry Roe ………………………… 529 – Hospital in Addis Abeba. American Mission 969 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist Shrines …. 989 – Market Day in Addis Abeba ………….. 965 Cosmopolitan Quintet, A …………………. 533 – Minister of War, Fitarari Hapta Gorgis 9£1 Crown Point Missionary Home …………… 603 – Prince Regent of …………………….. 964. Cuba, American Baptist College ………….. 1&'~ – Slaves in …………………………….. 966 – Candler College, Havana ….. .. .. 164 Afghan Border, Moslem Guards of ……….. 705 – Presbyterian Workers, RegIa ……. . … 164 Afghanistan, Amir of …………………….. 707 – Ca.pital of ……………………………… 7{)9 Ecuador, Cross in Street of Qu[to ………. 887 – Looking into •.•.•………………………. 703 – Headquarters ot Christian and Missionary Alliance ….•………………………….. 891 Afric&, Hospital Patients at Shillem ……… 627 – Street in Guayaquil ……………………. 800 – Inland MisSion, Seal of ……….•…•…• 976 Eggan, John J ……………. , …………….. W5 – Kanakul"u Carriers …••………………•. 625 Electric Map, Seeing the World by Means of 987 – King of ShUlem and Some of His Wives . 626 Feng, General and His Soldiers Holding Up – Market Place at Shillem ………………. 624 – Witch Doctor's Office •…………………• 421 Their Chinese Testaments …….. Frontispiece African Bride …………………………….. 423 Feng's Army, a Glimpse 01 ……………… 955 – Outstation School ……………………… 425 Gambling Joint, Old ………………………. 6118 Albanian Boys and Girls …………………• 611 Gameweil, Mary Ninde …………………… 814 American University. Cairo .•…………….. 269 Haiti, Pastor and Wife, Jacmel …………… 185 – – ~ Students of …………………… 27Z, 273 Hebrew Christians, Group of …………….. 517 Arizona Border Town …………………….. 265 Hindu Student Volunteers ………………… 52.3 Baptist Church and Sunday School ……….. 59!} Indian in Ecuador, Half Civilized ………… 889 Bibles, One of Mary Slessor's …………….. 885 – Woman of Ecuador …. , ……………….. 889 Brazil, Former CathDlio Priests in ……….. 893 Indians in QUito. Ecuador ………………… 860 Buddhist Monks, Mendicant ………………. 679 – of Peru ………………………………… !Wi International Missionary Union ………….. 712 – Taoist and Confuoian Shrines ………… 989 Italy, Chorus of Waldensians …………….. 350 Burma, Council Chamber ………………… lil1 Japan,Aoyama Gakuin Academy ………….. 124. – Members of Legislative Council ……….. 99 – Methodist Seminary after Earthquake …. 12-3 Business :Men's Club, Shop Meeting ………. 21 – Ruins of Shiloh Church ……………….. 122 – – Evangelistic Club …………………… 19 – Ruins of Trinity Episcopal Church …….. 125 Chapel Auto Car …………………………. 268 Japanese Christian EdUcators ….. 369 – Car ……………………………………. 262 – Fashion Fete, Bride at ….. 134 – – Interior …………………………….. 263 – – Work, Monument to ………………… 267 – F'ete-Nippon Club ……… .. … 13B – – Workers ………………………•…… 268 – Girl Students ………….. . …… 692 – Itinerant Priests ….. . … 681 =China, Buddhist Priest and Helper ……….. 779 ~~a::g~lis:~~:~io:r[nd1~a~ag~!e~ee~'pi~':: i~ – Union Church, Children in … . ….. 525 ~:;~ii~' ~~hi':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: iii – Famine Camp …………………………. 900 Korea, Vacation Bible Scbool …………….. 40 – Feng and His Soldiers Holding Up Their Korean Christlan, Ye Lang Chai …………. 693 Chinese Testaments ….•.•…… Frontisp,lece – Presbyterian Elder ………………….695, 697 – Gospel Boat in …………………………. fi88 Ladles' Aid Society •……………………… 700 – Iron Works at Hanyang ……… , ………. 775 Leper Colony in Sumatra …………………. 119 – Log Sawing In …………•…………….. 774 Lepers, Chapel Built by ………………….. l?O – Men Nurses, Judson Smith Hospital …… 778 Lepers' Houses in Sumatra ………………. 121 – Nan-Yoh Bihle SchOOl Buildings ………. 594 Logging Camp on Sunday ………………… 264 – Class for Married Women …………..780, 781 Los Angeles Bible Institute ………………. 5,94 – New Type of Road in ………………….. 774 Mansur, MiChael …………………………. 492 – Putting Up Gospel Posters …………….. 595 Mexican Pastor and Family ………………. 111 – Students in Training School …………… 278 Mexicans, Protestant Church for …………. 113 – Using Stewart Money in ……………….. 688 Mexico. Playground in Chihuahua ……….. 175 Chinese Bible Students …………………… 281 – Produce Going to Market ……………… 113 – Christian Church. Traveling Preachers of 895 Missionaries, Home for Children of Baptist 457 – Interpretation of the "Broad and Narrow – Home for Lutheran ………………….• 463 – Winona Lake, Home for ……………….. 460 Way" …………………………………. 8-03 – Poster Fighting Use of Cigar~ttes ……… 805 Missionary' Children, Baptist …………….. 458 – Schools in Confucian Temple ………….. 78').: – Home, Ventnor, N. J. .. . …… 462 – 'Scriptures, Ship'ping …………………… 588 – Students' Christian Association …….. 547, 821 Mohammedan Student ….. 275 – Students Preparing tor Evangelistic M6'€t- Moslem Sheikhs …. … . ….. 270 Moton, Robert R. ..' ……… 49-2' lngs …•………. ,. …………………….. 283 Muskrat. Ruth …… . ….. 49Z – Vacation Bible School …………………. 37 Navajo Girls ……… .. … 00fi – Waiting to Hear ot Jesus Christ ………. 764 – Young Men …………………………….. 604 – Wom~n Preacher •. , .•………•………..•. 279 Near East Conference in Jerusalem …… 412, 414 1024

1924J INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page Negro Baptist Church, Chicago ……. " …… 511 – High School, Atlanta, Ga………………. 500 Sumatra, Church and Hospital …………… 343 – Training Shops at Hampton …………..• 507 – Home Scene in ………………………. ,. 33a Negroes' Need of Better Houses ………….. 506 – Malay Home in ………………………… 341 Nias, Christian Leaders of ……………….. 445 – School for Moslems …… ,.,.,., ………•.. 3413 – Heathen ot …………………………….. 439 – Theological Seminary ………………….. 347 Niasan Ancestral Idol …………..•…•….. ~ 438 Summer School Invitation ……………….. 6.32 – Students ……………………………….. 441 Taoist, Buddhist and Confucian Shrines …. 1189 Niasans, ArIll€d …… " … ' ……………….. 437 Thompson, Charles L ………….. 0 ……….. 445J – Going to Church ………………………. 442 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 668 Vacation Bible SChool-Bible Hour ….. :13 RailrQad Men and Chapel Car ….. , ….. , …. 266' Saito, Solehl ……………………………… 37~ – – – HHabit Talk" …………….. …… 36' Sims at Work, Earle D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 Singh, Sundar … " …. ' … " …….. ", ….. ". 492 Colorado …….. ~ – – In 0' 0 •• 00. • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Stewart, Lyman ."" …… " ………. , …. ,," 597 Stewart, Milton .""."." ………………… 596 – – – Model of Nazareth made in … ….. 38 Stewart's Bome, Milton …….. ,….. ,…….. 602 Stone, Dr. Mary ………………………….. 493 Wa1densian Ga.-pital, T'orre Pellice ……….. 352. Students, Philadelphia Dining li'oreign …… 55Q – Church, Rome …•…………………… 0 •• 353 – Youth in Germanasca Valley .. 0.0 •••••••••• 351 Watson, Charles R . . . . . • . 271 0 ••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• rrWorld Service" Vblumes ……………….. 454 Y. W. C. A., Racial Equality in ………….. 537 Student Missionary Union, Los Angeles .. 0" 001 AUTHORS Page Page .. …. ~5 Alexander, W. W. …………. Gwinn, Maude ………………… 378 Hall, Ernest F. … .. ………………. 999 Allan, A. M. ……………. .. …. 5-15 Allen, Ernest Bourner ….. 994 Hamilton. Clarence H …………………….. 104 Allan, George . . . .. … 0 … • Harris, Erdman … . ………. 174 629 . . . . .

Allen, Edlth H ……………………………. 551 Hatanaka, H. ……… .. ……… 25& Hayne, Coe …… . ………;>21, 698 Anderson, Frank L ……………………….. 533 Anthony, Alfred Williams Haynes, George E. …. . …. 499 ………….. 916 Archer, John Clark …………………….. 988 ~~:sot~k~ia~tt~i:rtD?o.r.~~~~.:::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Heath, Frances J. ….. . ….. 556- Herndon. Mrs. F. S.. " …… 883 Hil1, William Eancroft …… 2fl9 Bailey, Ruth D …………………………… 174 Howe, Sonia E …………………………… 811 Banninga, John J …………………………. 434 Hurlburt, Charles E. ……………………. 97ff Bartholomew, Allen R. . ………………….. 289 Hut.chison, R. A………………………….. 367 Beach, Harlan P •…………. , •………..•… 374 r;~~;"Ai/G··::::::::::.·:·::: .. ·.:::.:.i70,867·, ~ Beitzel, C. F …………………………….. 974 Geddoe, B. E. .. …………………………… 355 Jansen, Peter C. J ……………………….. 624 Beede, B. Willis .,., ……………… 0 ••••••••• 357 Jenness, Mary ……………………..•…..•. 203 Beets, Henry ………………………….. 357. 6013 Johnston, Julia H. .. ……………………. 996 Jowett, J. H. …………………………….. 97 Blair, William N …………………………. 693 ft~~~e:y~rt£~i~'a~ 'S: .::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::: ~tg Boynton, Frances C . . . . . . . . 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••••••• 74(1 Brock, Mrs. Collins J …………………….. 634 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……………………… 9'51 Kerschner, Carrie M … ,., ….. , …………… ~W4 Browning, Webster E …………………. 2.87,886 Kerschner. Mabel G………………………. 130 Brownlee, Fred L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 0 •••••••••••••••• Korns, John H. . ……. ,……………… 0 •••• 901 Burgess, Thomas ………………… 0 ••••••••• 541 Kyle, Alice M………….. 54, 214, 382, 554, 64{), ~14 Burk. Eleanor D. . …•…………….. 0 •••••••• 634 Landes, W. G…………………………….. 44fi Campbell, Ruth M………………………… 635 Laubacb, Frank C. ………………………. 14 Chamberlain, Wm. I ……………………. 45, 364 Lee, Cbarles O. .. …………………………. 546 Cheng, Andrew C. Y……………………… 82'4 C h e s t e r . S . H . . 3'63 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Lerrlgo. P. H. J ………………………… 42, 355 Lima, Ollveira ………….. : ………………. 513 ChGI, YI Sang ……………………………. 276 Lockwood, Edward H ………………….. 545, 008 Chung, K. T, …………………………….. 799 Longfellow, H. W ………………………… 911 Cleland, C. S. .. …………………………. 965 Love, J. F …………………………….. 42', 357 Cloud, Henry RGe ………………………… 529 Cobb, Eliza P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 Lowell, James R'lssell ……… . ….. 995 Conning, John stuart …………………….. 830 Lyman, Mrs. Albert .r. …. 740 McCollough, Esther Mary …… 522 McDe:rmott. WilHam F. Cook. Mrs, Frank Gaylord ……………….. 915 . .. 45~ Corey, StePhen J. . ……………………….. 366 McVeigh, Mabelle R. . … 64{) Craig, Laura. Gerould …………………… 99'6 Ma.cGillivray, Ja.net T. ., …… 139 Crawford, Dan …………. . … 29, 425 Mackay, R. P. .. … .. …. 364 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. …….. . …….. 46, MacMillan. Fred G. …..•. 25 128, 200, ll!I3, 374, 455, 541, 631, 726, 819, 900, 987 Magnus, Helaine ………………………… 132 Crutchfield, Margaret …. . ….. 379 Currier, Raymond P. …… Markham, R. H. . ………………………… 607 ………. ….. 98 Masih, Yohan …………………………….. 2!'i~ Davie, George T. B. … .. ….. " …… 955 ~:~~~~~ le~~i! d~"::~::::::: ~.:::::: ::::::::::::: ~r.: Demarest, Wm. T. . ……………………….. 365 Meng, Paul C. ···· ………………………. 0. 820 Detweiler, Charles S……………………… 183 Dickinson, Mary Lowe ………………….. 998 Menzel, Paul A ……… , ….. , …………….. 437 Donaldson, Dwight M …………………….. 7QS Miller, Anna L. .,………………………… 45- Drach, George ……………………………. 366 Mills. Julia Lincoln ………………………. 47 Dushaw, Am.os to ….•…………………….• 517 Minnich, H. Spencer .. ~ …………………… 358 Dysart. MathHde T …………. , …………… 491 Miyazaki, K. ……………………………… 19& Ellis, William T ………………………….. 433 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 190 Felton, Ralph A. • ………………………. 971 Moore, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••• Fisher, Galen M……………. , …………… 368 Morgan, Angela ………………………….. 831 Flagg, Alice Amelia ………………………. 3{)1 Morris, S. L. . ……………………………. 383 Flint, Annie Johnson ………………….. 57, 912 Morse, H. N. . …………………………….. 362 FGrsyth, R. C. . …………………………. 959 Galt, Russell …………………………….. 678 Morse, MinnIe E ………………………….. 207 Nell, Samuel G. ……………. . 262 Gates, Herbert W ………………………… 123 Gilbert, Janet ……………………………. £36 Nichols, Florence L. ……….. .. ….. 55-1 Norton, John E. ………….. . ……. 702 Goforth, Mrs. Jonathan ………………….. 1m NortGn, Mrs. Ralph C. … , ….. 628 Goodman, Frederic S……………………… 350 Osborn, Lois C. ……….. .. … 554 Gordon, S. D. …………………………….. 15 Ogawa, K. ……………. .. ……… 524 Goreh, Ellen L. .. ………………………. 388 Guenther, Adeline ………………………… 33 Oxenham. John ……… .. ……….. 993, 995 Parker, L~ura H. …… .. ………….. 13$

Page Page Parmenter, Mary F. . .. , … , … , …………… 278 Staley, Sue R …………………………….. 175 ~:f:g~: ~ii~'b~tb"::::::::::: ::::::::: ::: ::: :::: ~~ Stauffer, Milton ………………………….. 783 Stock, Eugene ……………………………. 709 Peabody. Mrs. H. W. ……………………… 54 Stowell. Jay S. .. …………………………. 110 Peacock, Mary . _, ……………………… 384, 819 Strachan, H. and S. B ……………………. 291 Peeke. H. V. S……………………………. 122 Strong, W. E …………………………….. 360 Phelps. J. W ……………………………..• 358 Swan, Jessie E. . …………..•………….••• 634 Pinson. W. W ………………….•……… 45. 360 SWinehart, M. L ……………… 0 ••••••••••••• 126 Polhemus. Sarah H. . ………………… 214, 30a T a j i m a , Kengo . . . . 691 0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••• Pope, Howard W …………………………. 980 T'ao, E. L ………………………………… 005 Powers, Horatio Nelson ………………….. 5~ Tappan, David S ………………………….. 815 Purves, Elinor K . . . . . . . . , …………………. 386 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 711 Quinlan, F10rence E ….. ,………………… . Taylor. Mills J ……………………………. 367 ………… 57. 136. 211, 299, 386, 464, 551, 637. 734 Thomas. W. G. M. ……………………….. 19 RaIl, Harris F ……. , ……. , ….. , ……… , .. 532 'l'hurston, Matilda C……………………… 555 To-wer. Wm. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 ••• 0 ••••••• 0. 44 Rawlinson, Frank G…….. , …………. , .8104, 80-5 Richards, Elisabeth E. . ………………….. 461 Tsu, Y. Y …………………………………. 258 Trotter, 1. Lilias …………………………. 42& Rindge, Fred H …………………………… 613 Rinman, J. _. _…………………………….. 619 Van Hoesen, Persis C. ……………… .. .. 713 Root, Edward TaI1madge ………… 995 Vaughan, Harriet …… ….. ……. .. .. 376 Roys, Mrs. Charles K. … . …..• 382 Velte, H. C. …… .. … 114 Rygh, Mrs. George T. . ………. 463 Vagt, Paul L. …. .. ….. 637 Wachob, Blanche ….. 205 Sangster, Margaret E. …… .912, 996 Sohultz, Gertrude …. [4, 214, 382, 554, -64Q Warnshuis, A. L. . . …. 198 Schweinitz, Paul de … 361 Whlffen, Nellie Mo . 189 .0 •••• Scott, Charles E. … ~7hite, Bess Robbins …… 739 . …• 894 Scott, George T. '" …. 41 "White, Charles L. ……….. .. …… 0 356 Seibert. John F. …….. .. …… 366 Wlhittier, John Greenleaf… . ………. 916 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. Ho ………. 0 •• "16, 382 Wilder, Robert P ………….. 0" 003 …………

Singh, Sundar ………………………. 178. 953 Williams, Mornay . . . 876- 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skerrett, Mrs. Harry H …………………… 741 tM.r0s…O..l.i.v.e.r. Smith, Arthur H ………………………….. 775 Will iam son, .R…. .0 ……………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Wils on, Ber 43 Smith, J. T. Brabner ……………………. 0 47 Winsborough, Mrs. W. C …………………. 543 Snead, A. C………………………………. 359 Wyshan, Wm. N ………………………… 9®1. Speer, Robert E …………………… 178, 362, 623 Zaugg, E. H. .. …………………………… 685 Spencer, Mrs. Truman J . . . . . . . . . . 0 •••• 0 ••••••• 738 Zwemer, S. M. . …………………… 118, 341, 877 SUBJECTS, ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinian Moslems Won ………………… 922 – Uganda, Twenty Years ………………… 748 – Prince and the Bible …………………… 846 – – Advance in .. ·., …………………. 0 ••• 150 – Princes in Arne-rica , …………….. ,,, …. 470 – – News from . . ………… ,…….. . …. 568 – WomHn's Guilds ……….. . .. 4-71 – Seen jn, C. S. Cleland ….. , ………….. 965 Afghan Border, Trouble on ………………. 147 – Y. M. C. A. In South ….. .. .. 749 – Frontier, A VISit to the. Eugene Stock …. 709 – War Fugitive's Work …….. "……. .. 397 Afghanistan at Last. Into Dwight M. Donald- – What $1.500 Accomplished …… 471 son … . ………………………,……………..' …..,………..,…,…….. – Why Advance is Essential 646 .00 _70.3 – Work Among Jarawas … ,… -m~~ – Zululand …………… ……… . ….. 0. 224 .. … 924 – Entering ……………………………. 399, 649 Africa, Algiers Mission Band …………….. 646 African Christians, Gifts of ….. . ….• 567 – Belgian Congo Idols ……….. .. … 567 – Clergy. The ………………. .. …. 0 472 Af~~~~~~' Ec~~~~~~nt':::~ ~: ~ ~ ~:: ~:::::: ~~ – British Conference on .. . 748 – Cameroun, New Station in .. _.. 74 o' •••••• – Cannibals Stin in …. .. 92.~ Africans, The Bible Among, Dan Crawford .. ?9 – Christian Headman … …… ….. 73 Alaska, Point Barrow Cut Off … 1001 0 • 0 •••••••• – Church Union in East …. . .. 150 Alba.nia, A Neglected Field, P. B. Kennedy .. 610 – Commission Goes to East . . .. 0 223 – Congo Land Eaptisms ….. " ….. 846 Algerian Mission Band …………………… 150 America from Ruin, Save ………………… 10 – – Hospital Boat , …… 749 Arabia, Fanatical Moslem.s in .. , …………• 009 – Into the Heart of ……………………… 747 – – Medical Steamer ……………………. 397 – – Women, Winning …………………..1OO€.1 – Dan Crawford's Message ., … , …………. 495 – King FeisaI's Bible ……………………. 99"5- Argentina, Church and State in , ………..1003 — Duruma Country, Growth in ……. ' ……100'7 – Fighting Superstition in, Matbnde T. Armenians in California …………… , ……. 558 , Dysart …………….. , ….. , …………… 42:1 ~~~; J~~~I~hnr~~tOi~r th~ 'Tbi~ki~g '~f: 'Y~h;;~ 315 ASi:ft:i~r~bi~~' 'i'~' A~~~i~,' Ch'~i~t:j~~ 0 SO~I'~: 252 — Fiji and Australia ……………………1013 – Gospel by Radio in ……………………. 647 – Halsey Prlntin~ Press …………………. 4:71 Athi!~~, °ln~~:e~a~~:s£~~~';y"::::::::::::::: :l~l – How Christianity Spreads ……………… 92:J ~u~t:I~~i~u~~U;;git~~i~~ni~.:::::::::::: .. ,:::: ~~ Africa Inland MiSSion, Work of ………… 9761 – Johannesbur~ Secret Society, ……… ,., .. 224 – Kanakuru People of West, Peter C. J. Austranan Church Growth………… .. 155 Jansen … ,…………….. . ………… 694 Baptist Investigation, Northern ………….. 656 – Kenya Colony, Education . . …. 647 – Missions, Southern …………………….. 39t – Liberia .. ……… …. … .0…. . . … .o..t1o0O0t0J – LiOns and Letters .·· … – Problems in Burma ….. . … 307 – Women's Jubilee . …. . …. 999 . .. -66, 9~ – Lovedalo Press …………. . ….. 568 Belg-ian, Gospel Mission .. . 318 – Homes, Gospels for .. _ – Medical Education for ……. . 47?j ie~1~~~aJo~phe1r~~~k· i~· …….. 0: ~:::::::::: ~ – Moorish Tangier ……….. .. … 846 – Nigeria …. ,…………. . … 647 – Paganism Doomed ….. . .. 567 – Missionary Agent in Brussels 644 00 ••••••••••• – Races in South ……. . …………. 567 Bennett, Story of Allen, Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- – Revival at Lusambo . . ……. 0 •• 00. 471 – Rlavery ……………………………….. 0 74~ ton ……………………………………. 628 – Soiyawa Tribe of Western Nigeria, C. F. BEST METHODS, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …….. .46, 128, 203, 293, 3'14, 455, 541. ~'l. 72&, 81~. 903, 987 Eeitzel . . . . . 974 0 •••••••• _… • ••••••••••••••••• =Bible Among Africans, The, Dan Crawford . 0 29 ~~:y~~~, C~~~Ch·.· oX .::::::: :: ::::::::::::::: ~~ – S/)uth, and Missions …………………… 92~3 – Sudan ……. …………….. .. … 846 – Today. Impressions of … . ………….. 922 – Churchmen's Missionary SOCiety ……… 66

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – Class, Police …………………………… 144 – Gilts from Missionaries ……………….. 7) – in School Libraries ……………………. 481 – – – Prisoners ………….. , .•…………. 745 – in South Seas …………… ' ……..•.•…1013 – Gospel In the Wilds …………. , ……..lO10 – Morrison Centennial and the ………….. 218 — Growth in Forty Years •……………….. 833 -. Reading-Effective Plan ……………….. 153 — Half a Century of Changes in. Arthur H. — SchoolS in China and Korea. Daily Vaca- Smith …………………………………. 775 tion ………………………………….. 929 – Hindrances and Helps to Christianity in. – – Vacation ……………………………. 477 Frank G. Rawlinson ………………….. &04 — Translations, New ..•………………….. 660 — How One Missionary Works in, Charles E. Bibles, Homes Without …………………… %5 Scott " ………………………………… 894 Bolivia and Peru, Neglected Indians in, W. — How to Know and Help ……………….. 819 E. Browning ………………………….. 287 — Important Facts About ………………… 770 – Ba]}tists in …………………………….. 663 — Institute of Self-Government ………….. 832 Bolivian Indian Mission, The. George Allan 629 — Interoreting Christianity to, Edward H. Lockwood …………………………….. 008 Bolshevism and Religion …….. , … , ….. , … 566 Bolshevists, In the Hands of ………… ,., … 817 ~ Last Report from Mr. Byers ………… . 836 Bombay Vigilance Association ……………. 146 — Letter from General Feng ……..•…. .. 227 Boys and Girls, Winning Unchurched, Adeline — Liebenzell Mission ………… . 141 Guenther ……………… , … ,…………. 33 — Light and Shade in ……… .. 571 Brazi1, Christian Progress in …………….. 337 – Literacy Campaign in …………. " …… 3()8 -:- Converted Priests in …………………… 892 – Mah-Jong and Missions ………………… 228 ~ Gospel in Newspapers ………………….. 843 – Mary Ninde Gamewell …………………. 814 – Intolerance in ……………………..394, 100g – Medical Evangelism …….. _……………. 744 ~ New Church Members in ……… . .. 155 – Memorial Fund at Paotingfu ….. _…….. 142 ~ Revivals in …………………… . … 753 – Missio:qaries and Civil War ……………. 47G – Sao Paulo and the Revolution . .. 843 – – Wounded ……………………………. 838 British Exhibition, Missions at ….. . …. 564 – Missionary Byers KHled in Hainan ……. 651 – Missionary Conference ………… . …. 750 – – Hero of Hainan, David S. Tappan …… 815 – Student Movement ………………. , …… 221 ~ Modern Girl in ………………… , …….. 834 Broad Hints from a Wide Trayeler, WilHam – Modernizing Nanking ………………….. 929 T. Ellis ………………………………. 433 – Nat.ional Christian Council ……. , …….. 832 Broadcasting World News ………………… 931 – New Christian Struggle in, Frank Rawlin~ Brotherhood, Adventures in, Mrs. E, C. son ……………………………………. 805 Cronk ….•…………………………….. 726- – New Interest in ……………•…………. 765 – P'oem •…….•……..•…….•…………… 552 – — Prayer Meeting Methods ..•…………. 228 Buddhism, Christianity and ………………. 141 – "No Room fDr Gods" …………………… 5n Buddhist on the' Bible, A …………………. 310 – Pekjng, New and Old …………………. , 833 – Priest Finds Peace …………………….. 928 – – Old Ladies Home ……………………. 309 Bulgaria. Good Books Needed in …………. 151 -' – Union Medical College, John H. Korns 901 – Rellglous Situation In. R. H. Markham … 607 -' Promising Signs in …………………….. 832- Bulletins, Woman's Home ftnd Foreign -' Protestant MissionarY StatisticS for …… 771 (Monthly) ………………….. , ……… ~93 – Shanghai Community Church ………….. 143 Burma, Baptist Problems in …… : ……….. 3()7 – – for Christ …………… , …………….. 401 ~ Chinese Christians in ………….. ,., ….. 927 -' Some Causes of Unrest in ……………… 334 – Free Women of…………………………. 927 – – Religious Ideals of ..•…..•…….. ,., … 769 – Nationalism in, Raymond P. Currjer ….. 98 -' Suffering for Chr1st's Sake …………….. 74-4 – Two Kinds of Religion in ……………… 571 -' Surplus Famine Fund …………………. 143 -' Testimony from Y. Y. Tsu …………….. 258 Business Men's Evangelistic Club-. W. G. M. Thomas ………………. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 – Then and Now, Mary C. Peacock ., …….. 819 Byers, Murder of Rev. George, David S. Tap- – Thousands of Testaments ……………… 928 pan …………………………………… 815 -' Union MiSSions Building ……………….. 744 -' Unrest and Propaganda in …………….. 67() Cairo. American University at, W. Bancroft Hill …………………………………… 269 – Vacation Bible Schools ………………… 477 Cana.da, United ChUrch of ……. .,.~.,., …… 755 – Work of College GradUates …….. ___ ….. 834 Canadian Baptist Jubilee …………………. 392- China's Leadership, Rocking! the Cradle of, Catholics, English-Speaking .. . …… 757 Paul C. Meng …………………………. 820 Centenary Movement, William F. McDermott 45-2 -Northwest … , ………………………….. 573 Chapel Cars, On the Rails with, Samu·el G. Chinese Banditry Continues …….. _………. 141 .. ……………… 262 – Bandits, Methods of ~ ….. _……. , …….. I00!f Neil .

Charity in New York,. Organized ……. .. 220 – Bible Student ………….. .. .. 229 Children. Work for Lost Japanese ……….. 144 ~ Boys, Home for ……. . ………. , … ,., .. 221 Chile, Bible Students in ………………….. 482. – Children Rescued ……………… , …….. 317 – Reform and Reaction in ……………….. 865 – Christians in Burma …………………… 9'27 – Religion in ……………………………. 419 – Church, Progress in …………………… 572 – Selling BibJ~s in ……………………..1003 – Colony in MeXiCO, Jay S. Stowell ……… 110 China, Against Future Faro,ines ………….. 477 – Confession of Faith ……………. , …….. 773 – Agreement on We1-hai-wei …………….. 69 :…..- Cult, New ……………………………… 6-52- – Annamese Bible Conference ……………. 836 – Dictionary-World's Largest Book …….. 2:?il – Anti-Cigarette Campaign ………………. S.~5 – Girls' Idea of God ……………………… 9'29 – Bandits in Batang …………………….. 229 – Home Missions ………….•………… , … 572 – Baptisms AmonR Soldiers …….. , ……… 401 – Illiteracy, Attacking …………………… 929 — Books for Bandits …………………….. 401 – Illiteracy, Overcoming …………………. &.1.3 – Books for the Blind in ………………… 834 – Ku Klux Klan …………………………. 928 – Borden Memorial Hospital ….. ,., ….. , … 309 – Marriage. Problems ot ……………….. 1fJl10 – Canton CQUege Offl.cers ………….. , … 1010 – Nathaniel, A, Mrs. Jonathan Goforth ….. 107 – Chinese Church and, Milton Stauffer., … 783 — Neighbors, Making Friends with, Andrew – Changes in Western …………………… 71 C. Y. Cheng …………………. ""'"'''' 824 – R~~i~::~s . ~~..~~~?~~:. ~~~~~~~.~~ ~~~: ~: 905.- .. .. – Christian Contribution to, Clarence H. Hamilton ……………………………… lQ{ — Christian Educators UnHe …………… ,. 47fl – Schools, Bible in …………….. _………. 4()2 =~~~~~tM~;~ga~ ~ ~ Christian Schools in …………………… 652 – Community House in ………………….. 8.115 – Confucianism in, Results of, R. C. Forsyth 959 – Souls, Awakening of, Mary F. Parmenter 278 .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Destruction in Kwangtllng ………. 308 – View of the Chinese Church, A, K. T. – Disturbed Conditions in _…………. 308, 10019- – ~~~~~'s' C~~~~~ti~~· :::::::::::::::::: :::::: I~ – Education and Evang-elism in 767 – Every Graduate a Christj~n ……….. 228 Chosen, Pioneerjng in . ~' …….. , ………… , 74l:t – Feng and His Christian Army, George T. Christ-Child (Poem) ……………………. 996 B. Davis …………. ' ……………….. 955 chr~sqan Endeavor in Germany ………..•. 10041 – Genera] Feng Remains True ………….. 14~ Chrlstlan Laymen's League …………… '" 949 – General Feng's Interests ………………. 652 Christianity, World's Debt to …………… 11l1~

Page Page Church and War, The ." ……… ., …… " … 932 Finance, America's Resources ……………. 65i – Presbyterian Foreign Missions ………… 560 – in the Mission FieId, The Ideal, R. E. Speer …………… . . . … _……… 179 – Wealth of Nations …………………….. 576 _ Invigorator, A, Coe Hayne . _….. 698 Financial Creed, A Christian's, Harris F. Rail ………………………………….. 5.3~ – Membership in U. S. A. . ….. . …….. 391 Fitchburg Student Mission ………………. 9f19 Church of Christ Advance'? Shall the, Arthur J. Brown …………………………….. 951 Foreign Missions Conference ……. ,………. 88 Fo~~~~v~~~~~~sTi~e .~.O.~.i.~~.::::::::::::~~~: ~:~ – Retreat? Shall the Christian . _. . .. _ 16,6 Churches, Congress and the …… . 312 College Students and Missions ….. . 374 France, Church at Chateau Thierry ………. 395 Colombia, Civil L,aws in ……….. . 563 – Peace Convention in …………………… 564 . . – .. 2'1'7 – Protestantism in ………………………. 221 – College Students in …………. . 394 – Protestants in Need …………………… 222 – New Methods in ……………… Colored Women's Conferences ……………. 137 Gamewell. Mary Ninde ……………… 0 ••••• 814 German Children, Plight of ……….. , ……. 172 Co.ufue.iallism in China, Results of, R. C. Forsyth …………………… .. .. 959 – Missionaries Return …….. ,., ….. , … ,474. 751 Congo, Mission Fleet for .•.. ,…………. . . 74 ……. Missionary Magazine ………………….. 565 – New Mission in the …………………… 223 …- Missions, Critical S1tuation ln, A. L. Congregational Progress … 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , … 63 Warnshuis ……………………….. 0 •••• 198 Cooperation, Denominational Rivalry Vs. " 941 Germany, Buddhism in …. , ……………. 0 •• 39;) Cooperation in Publication ……………….. 841) Germany, Christian Endeavor in …………1004 – in States and Other Areas …………….. ~99 – Religious Conditions in ………………… 498 – Undenominational conference ………….. 931 – Turning to God? Is ……… "…….. … 990 Copec and Foreign Missions, John M. Moore 538 Gifts) Increase in Lutheran ……………… 999 Costa Rica, Bible Institute in …………….1002- Giye, How Native Christians ……………. S89 Country Churches, Missions in the- .0 ••••••••• 29:~ Giver'S Surprises, A Systematic ….. 197 Cuba, New Chapel in Havana ……………. 217 Giving, Fund Began in Workhouse ….. 642 Czecbo·Slova.khif Prague, a Student Center .. 751 ~ Great Presbyterian Achievement ……… 415 – – Revival in ……………………. 0 ••••• 921 — How the Churches Give 0………. ……. 480 Czecho-Slovakian Congress ……………….. 151 – How We Can Sa.ve Money …. " , …. 416 Danish Missions ……………………. ,.'., .. 644 – Metbodist Benevolences ………… _……. 655 DEATH-Conwell, Dr. Charles E., 0:1': Mexico 331 – Methodist Watches and Missionary Deficits '5.9j – Cowman, C. Eo, of Japan ………. 0 1()22 ••••• – Shall the Church Retreat? …………….. 166 – Good, James I., of Dayton. Ohio ………. 16-3 ~ Southern Presbyterian Gifts …………… 840 – Gunning,.T. W.o of Holland …. ' ……… June – Task of Southern Baptists ·· ……… 0 ••••• 657 – Guernsey, Alice M., of New York ……• .1022 God is Sending Them-Poem ……………… 466 = ::: :',::: – Jowett, John 'Henry, of London ……….. 83 Good, James I,.~ Allen R. Bartholomew …… 289 ~~:1~~' :i~~rick' H~:'~f'Ch'i~'a:'::::: ~~~ Gospel Need in Oregon …………………… 931 Government and Missions in Egypt Today .. 945 – Parker, A. P., of China 1022 .0 ……… 0 •••••••• GreeceJ Missionaries in …………………… 645 – Rockey, Noble Lee …………………….. 600 – Refugee Students in., …….•……… 0 •••• 921 – Scott-Moncrieff, Sir G. K. . ……………. 856 – Sunday SchOOls in …………………….. 566 – Stirling, M. W. R., of Falkland Is. ……. 8:3 Grenfell Hospital Destroyed ……… " ….. 393 – Thompson, A. E., of Jerusalem………… 83 Guatemala, Evangelism in ……………….. 5&2 – Thompson, Charles L., of New York …… a31 Haiti, .New Field in …… , ………………… 1159 – Turner, Mrs. JUlia M., of Philadelphia … 856 Hawaii, Pacific Conference in …… ' ……… 575 – Wagnalls, A. W., of Brooklyn …. ' ._ …… 856 He~~!:~,iZcdhri~ti~ . App;~~C'h .'t~ .'th~: .'j ~h'~ 313 Denmark, New CoIJege in . , … ' …….. 295 Denominational Rivalry Vs. Cooperation .. 941 Stuart conning ……………………….. 830 Disciples, Jubilee o-f ••…..•. ' … S40 Hindu View of Jesus Christ. A ……….. > … 277 – Statistics for …………….. ' ….. 63 Holland, Missionary Union in …………….. 643 Doctrines, Debts and the Boards 8 Home Board Reorganized, U. Po …•.. , … , … 315 Ecua.dor, A Missionary Challenge, Webster – M~ss~on Method~, The Church in the Street 633 – Je'a:rH~~i~~ 'i~ .:::::::: :::::: :::::::::: :::: ~~ – JflSSlOllS Council ……….. " ………….. , 167 American Egypt, University at Cairo, W. ~ – In Southern LOUisiana ………….. .. 932 Homes for Missionaries ………………. :,.:: 455 Bancroft Hlll …………………………. 269 Huguenot-Walloon Celebration … ,. . …… 561 – and the Cal1phate …………………….. 566 Iceland,· The Dilemma. in ………… . …… 320 – Backsl1ding …………… , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Tmmigrant Protestant Church …. . ……… 558 – Fellowship of Unity in ………………… 566 Immigrants, Hungarian Churches, ,. , …….. 840 – Government and Missions in ………….. 945 – New Americans and the Local Church – Layman's Visit to the Mission Fields, Thomas Burgess …………. , ……….. ,.: 541 Fred MacMillan ………………………… 25 Immigration Problems, Reports ………….. 464 – Leader of Modern ……………………… 149 In the Secret of His Presence-Poem. Ellen – Opportunity in Cairo ………………….. 73 Indi~', X°'i:ithfUi"wii~~;;'::::::::::::::: g~~ – Preaching in MUd V1l1age ……………… 223 – Spiritual Growth in ……………………. 32'0 – Caloutta ……………………………….. 306 ~ Stone Throwing in …………………….. 470 – Ch,:nges,in a Generation .. , ……………. 474 – Thirsty Souls In ., …. 922 0 …………………. – – In HaIdarabad …………….. , ………. 848 Egypt's Politics. ISlam in …………….. ' … 396 – Ca~te D~stincticns> Fighting ………….. 1008 Europe, Churcbes of the Continent ………. 64'2 – ChIld WIdows of ………………………. 92.£ – Encouragement in …………………….. 642- – Chri~t in the Thinking of Asia, Yohan ~~~~~~~~~~~ti :i~::::::::::::':::::::::': ~i – Missionary Athlete, Another ………….1004 – Need for the Gospel …………………… 844 == EUropean Churches in Need …………….. 0 750 Evangelism at Exhibition ……………….. 0 318 – Chapel Cars, Samuel G. Neil ………….. 262' – Comtnunal Riot in, B. C. Velte….. , .. 114 – – Conference on . . 754 0 •••••• • •••• •• •••• ••• ••• ••• •• – CDio~neSsCtiaebnlcieshFmuenndt for . 0 4n – in China, Eduoation and ………………. 7f57 – '" • – London~DubJin Campaign ……………… 65 ': … :::::: 297 in ………. : – FaIthful under Persecution 92f) -:- New York City ………………………… 839 – Gandhi and the Government: . . . . . ::: .. :: 84R – Seamen's Christian Associ.ation .. . …. 841 – – Fre~? from Prison ….. ",.. EVangelist, Convict Turns . . . . …. (x)7 – Gandh~ ~ Advice to Ohristians . ….. 306 Evangelistic Club, Eusiness Men's, W. G. M. – –. POSItIon Today …………. …… 39f1 Thomas. .. ' …………………………… 19 – Glfts from Tree Climbers …. '" '" 57D Federal Council Meeting …………… .. …. 219 – Gospel Story Welcome ……. : 297 Federation of Women's Boards, Report ….. 139 :::::: 571 Feng and His Christian Army, General, – Islam in ……………………………….. 745 – Latest Census Figures …………………. 57(} George T. B. Davis ……. ' ………….. 955 FiJI, Australia and Africa ……………….1013 – Layman's Visit to, Fred MacMH1an ……. 2!1 – Church Finances in ………………… .. 1012 ~eper Settl – an Power ement .. …………….. .0………… 300 – Problem ····,· .. · …….. 68

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – New Seriousness in … __ ……………. __ .. 742- – Moslem's Memory ……………………… 69 – National Christian Council of, John J. – Newspaper Evangelism in …………… 742 Banninga ……………………. . …. 434 – Once a Drunken Conductor …….. 23(1- – No Nautch Girls for London . . …. 146 – Preserved Lives Dedicated …………….. 72- – Neo-Hindu Movement……… . …. 650 – Rebuilding Progress …………….. .478, 743 – New Col1ege in South …….. …… 69 – Revival of Old Religions, Robert Cornell – Pilgrim Preachers ……… . …. 226 Armstrong ……………………………. 679 – Politics and Religion ……… .. 474 – Social Reform in …………… __ ……….. 478 – Student Volunteers for ………………… 2~9 – :progress Among the Telugus ….. 848 – Prophecy for ….. . .. . . … 248 – Suffering and Relief in ……………. ,…. 12- – Ramabai Memorial …………………….. 927 – Tested by Persecution ………………… , 143 – Recent Changes in …… _………………. 2450 – Testimony from, H. Hatanaka …………. 256'

– Robber Village Transformed …………..1009 – Yokohama Union Church ………………. 402 – Sadhu Mission …………………………. 746 Japanese and Mission Schools 1n Chosen …. 495 – Secret Believers ……………………….. 147 – and the Social Evil, The ………………. 6721 – Social Service for Women ……………… 571 – Appeal for Helpful Reading …………… 55 – Surrounded by PlaguE' …………………. 926 – Christians Pray …•……………………. 743 – T'wenrty Years at Allahabad ….. , … , …… 474: – Church in Formosa ……………………. 654 – Union Church in Patna ……… ,., …….. 22:6- – Consul in Seattle, Memories of a, Esther – United Church in North ……………….. 475 Mary McC()ll()ugh •.•……•……..•……. 522 – Unoccupied Fields in , …………………. 649 – Courtesy ………….•………………….. 930 – Where God's Love is News …… , ……..•. 299 – Diet, Christians in ……….•…………… 230 Indian Centenary, An …………………….. 650 – Exclusion and MiSSions ……………….. 589 – Farmer, Christian …………………….. 653 – Christian Officials ……………………… 9:25 – Evangelists, Earnest …………………… 918 – Fashions and Customs Fete, Helaine – Government and the …………………… 316 Magnus ……….•.•.•.•…•…………….. 132 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 306 – Girl's Heart …………………………… 574 – l£gislation. New …………………..•..•• 755 – in America and the Exclusion Law, Kengo Tajima, ……•…………………………. 6~1 – Mission for Tibet ……………………..• 3(}7 =- South America …………………………• 753 – – – Christian Treatment of, K. Ogawa .. 5:::4 ~u~~erC::~~;~~:~'s :::::: :::::::: ~'. :'.::::: :1~ – – California. For ……………………… 5-38 – Mines, Women in ………………… __ …. 4:78 – Tribes, Unreached …………………….. 660 – Problem and Christian Missions, E. H.

– Welfare, American …………………….. 482 Zaugg ………………………………… 685 – W-omen and Dances ……………. . .. 221 – Red Cross and the Earthquake ………… 418 Indians Condemn Rites …………… 842 – Superstitions ……………………….. __ .1011 – Crown Jewels, Gathered at Crown Point, – "Who Travel …………………… . …….. 31(1- Henry Beets •…………………………. 603 Japan's Christian Council ……… . …… 930 – 1n Bolivia and Peru, Neglected, W. E. – Religious Conference ………………….. 479 – Je~~~~~~g .:::::::::::::::…. …: ~~ Java, Missionary Visit to Sumatra and …… 341 Jerusalem, American Church in ………….. 569 – Oklahoma ……………………………… 755 Jewish Community Center……………….. 64 – Papago, Mrs. F. S. Herndon …………… 883 – South American ……………………….. 483 – Missionaries, T'raining …•… . ….. 841 -~ What God Hath Wrought for the Red – Testimony ……………..•…………….. 390 Man, T. C. Moffett ……………………. 190 India's Ideals, Christ and . __ . __ …………… 146 Jews Leave Palestine, Many ……………… 9Q4 ~t~~!~if~~~l R~~~iO~'~~y" 'U~i'~~:" p~;~i~' ·C·. 746 – Removing the "Wall of Partition," Amos Int;;~~ci~te~ee~l~w·s·hip· .:~:::::::::::~::::::::: :1'M~ I. Dushaw ………………………… , … , 517 – World Facts About ……………………. 300 Jewish Science Movement ………………..1001 Jews of the World ………………………. 1014 i~r~d~n~ ~e: gf{p~~t~·:::::::::::::::::::::: t~ Judaism" Decline of ……………………… 481 Kanakuru People of West Africa, The, Pet~r C. J. Jansen ………………………….. 624 – in Egypt's Politics …………………….. 39'0 Klan, Protestants and the .. , ……….. , …… 154 – in India ……………………………….. 745 Korea, Beggar Boys in SeOUl …………….. 311 – in PerSia, Influence of W'm. N. Wyshan 9S1 ~- "Menace" to …………………………… 146 – Biederwolf Meetings in Cho-sen … , …….. 231 – Wababis and the Fall of Mecca ……….. 867 – Churches Needed in …… , ……………… 837 ~l~~~s;ct i~r~~~ts;[;~:~~~.~ . : :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ~,~~ – Encouragement from Pyeng yang …. , …. 838 – Fight Vice in •…………………………. 4'1'2 – Floods in ………………………………. 144 .. :::::::.. ..:: – Heroic Sisters on Kusaie ., …………….. 756~~ – Friendly Officials in …………………..1013 haTI~: :;~l~nns~ ~~~~~~.l~~~~:· – Growth in a Quarter Century …… , ….. 10U~ – If I Were a Young Missionary in, Yi Sang ChQi …….•…..•……•……………….. 276 Italy and the Old Gospel, F. S. Goodman …. 350 – Evangelical Christianity in . . .. 593 – Non-ChristIan Men in School ………….. 310 ~!~r~i~{~th:~}~;: : .~::::.:':':.:::.: i~ – Power tbat is Changing, M. L. Swinehart 128 – Revival Among School Girls …………… 14-5 – Rules for Mission Schools …………….. 144 – Seventy Students Eap'tized …………….. 479 Japanj A Message from, Mrs. Frank Gaylord – Severance Medical School ……………… 575 – Tithing Time in .. ____ …………………. 101 =Cook ………………………………….. 9t4 ~~~~rt?:iO~i~t~~~·".. : :::::::::::: ::: … : ::::: ~~~ – Training School Recognized ……………. 403 – Christian Teaching in Schools ………… 4()3 – What Laymen Do In, William N. Blair .. 69~ – – Influence in ………………………… 477 Korean Boy Soul Winner…………………. 73 – Earthquake and the Church in, H. V. S. – Missionary Spirit …………………….. 311 Peeke ………………………….•…….. 1.22' – Presbyterian ChUrch …………………… 6E'~ – – wsses …………………… , •……… 71, 72 – – Growth ……………..•……………… 575 – Exolusion and Missions ……………….. 742 – F'rom Sake to Condensed Milk ………… 57t – Sunday Schools ………………………… 479 – "God's Beautiful Vlllage" ……………… 837 – View of America, A ……………………. 528 – Oreat Christian Hospital ………………. &74 Ku Klux Klan, Chinese …………………… 978 – Hindrances to ChristianitY in, K. Miyazaki 193 – Honors for Christians ……………… , … 309 Latin America, A Paraguayan Politician …. 919 – January Earthquakes ………………. , … 229 – – A Torn Testament …………………… 919 – Living Results of Christianity in, Galen – – Conference at Montevideo …………… 4~~ M. Fisher …………………………….. 368 – – Converts Eager to Preach …………… 64 – Love Offering for ……………………… 997 – – Earthquake in Costa Rica …………… 663 – Lutheran School, Funds for …………..1011 – – Gospel for Road Menders ……………. 918 – Madame Yajima ……………………….. 72 – – Haiti's Sky Pilot ……………… , …… 842 – Nation-wide Evangelism in ……………. 837 – – H()w a Bible Built a Chapel ………… 918 – – In Dutch Guiana ……………………. 752 – – MiSSionary Educati on in ……………. 943 .:.- – Montevideo Congress ………………… 562

Page Page _….. _…….. 995 – – Need in San Domingo … . ………… 752 Nation Christlike–Poem – – Open Doors in, H. and S. B. Strachan 291 National Christian Councils in Asia ………. 333 –. — Racial Intermarriage, Oliveira Lima .. 513 NaMonalism in Burma, Raymond P. Currier 98 – — Spiritual Awakenings in …… _……… 170 Near East, Churches of ………………….. 67 – – Un evangelized Regions in ……. __ …… 217 – – Missionary Conferences ….. _……….. 413 – – Witch Doctors Kill Babies ………. _… 843 – – Orphans Religion, Teaching …………1007 Law Enforcement Convention …………….. 312 – – Relief …………………………….. 61, 648 Laymen's League, Christian ……………… 949 – – Reopening of Tyre ………………….. 847 Leaguej Christian Laymen's ……………. 949 Negro Americans, Fred L. Brownlee …….. 552 Leper Colony In Sumatra, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – Churches in New york." .. " ………….. 392 – Settlement, New ……………………….. 306 – Migration Northward … , ………………. 841 Lepers, Communion Service for ………….. 572i Liberia, Important Town in …….. , ………1()()& – Migrations ………………………… .4~1, 658 – 'tl1ite World as Seen, by the, George E. Literacy Campaign in China ……………… 308 Haynes ………•…….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ….. 499 Literature for Women and Children in Mis- Negroes, Better Colored Schools ………….. 315 sion Field ……………………………. 996 – Conferences for Colored Women, Mrs. W. Luthera.n Church, Extent of ……………… 60 C. Winsborough ………………………. 543 – Increase In Gifts …………….. , ……… 999 – Racial Good Will Movement, Will Winton – Schoo), Funds for ……………………..1Clll Alexander …………… , ………………• 505 – United Action …………………………. 153 New Hebrides, Chaos in ………………. ".. 74 Lutherans Reaffirm Faith ………………..• 220 – – Depopulation of …………………….. 311 Luxuries, Money for ……………………… 389 – – InjUstice in …………………………. 479 Lynohing, Kentucky Women and … , ……… 154 New Year, The-Poem, Horatio Nelson – Public Opinion and …………… " …….. 39'2 Powers ……………………………….. 59 Lynchings in 1923 ………………………… 316 Nias, A Pentecost in, Paul A. Menzel …….. 437 :Ma.nchuria, Conditions in Harbin ………… 477 Nicaragua.. Moravians in .. _………………. 562 Man's Final Destination, Sadhu Sundar Nigeria, Seiyawa Tribe of Western, O. F.

Singh ……………………………….. 958 Beitzel ……………………………….. 974 Map, New Kind of Electric ………………. 98f). Norton, Albert, of India. John E. Norton . __ 7{}2 ~:~~~~11e~~~~~n. ~l.~~..f.~~. ?~~~~.:.:::::::::: ~i~ Opium, Christians Fighting _. _.. _. 70 – F'ight, Anti- _………. __ ___ ' .. 14:~ Mecca, Wahabis and the Fal1 of __ ………… 867 Oriental Dispersion, The . _….. . …. .. .. 757 Medical College, Pekin~ Union, John H. – Survey, An ………. .. …… 39~ Korns ……………… , …. , …… , …….. 901 Orientals …………….. _.. .. .. 913 Mesopotamia, Chief Cities of .. 649 Our Land For Christ-Paem ……………… 996 – United Mission in ……… . 473 Overflow and the Passion, The, S. D. G'Jrd'Jl1 15 Mesopotamian Treaty …………. _ ……. 398 Palestine, British and Arab in …………… 225 Methodist Centenary Gains …….. .. ,6.1 – Enla.rged Work in ……………………… 149 – Millions ……. _. _… _…………. . . ..100() – In Cana of Galilee …………………….. 648 Methods, Modernizing Mi9sionary … _. 985 – Prophecy Fulfilled in ………………….. 648 Mexican Baptist Pastor ……………. .. 64 – Zionists in, Russell Galt ………………. 677 – Christians, Loyal .. 154 Panama Congress, Progress Since the. S. G. – Evangelicals Unite ……………. , …… 659 Inman ………………………………… 869 – Student Volunteers ……………… … 659 Parable of the Good American. A, A. M. – Build Churches … " ……………………. 394 – Buying Bibles .. _……………………… 752 Allan , ……………………… , ……….. 515 – in California ………………………….. 5,53 Peace, Boys and Girls and World, Mrs. E. C.

Mexico, Chinese Colony in, Jay S. Stowell .. 11(} Cronk …………………………………. Iii4 – Contrasts in, Sue R. Staley ……………. 175 – Message, Wireless ……… . ……… 919 – Neglected lndians of …………………… 155 Peeke, Harmon Van Slyck ……………….. 66-7 – Opp'ortunity in New …………… __ ……. 316 Persia., A Belated Confessbn …………….. 398 – UnderstandIng …………………………. 84.3 – Drawn by the Bible ……………………. 225 Mexican Governor, a Fearless …………… 1000 – Influenc-e of Islam in, Wm. N. Wyshan .. 981 – Martyr ………………………………… 1002; – "Lambs Among Wolves" …………. .. 67 Migrants, Summer Service to, Laura H. – Reoccupied Urumia _… _., .. …. …. … .. 68 Parker ………………………………… 136 – The Saviour He NeeCled .. 147 ~ Wbat Counts in ….. .. 148 Miraole of Spring, The-Poem, Alice Amelia Flagg …………………………………. 3,01 Persian Boys, Ambitious …. . .. _…… 92"4 Mission Board Symposium ……………….. 354 – Orphanage, In a. ………. … &4-7 – Boards HODe to Do, What …………….. 4-1 – Public Appreciative …………… .. … __ 569 – Study Ideas ………………………….. 992 Personalities, Carrie M. Kerschner '" 304 PERS01'lALS .•……… ___ …•………. _.. _… 3, Missionary Progress, Summary …………… 5 83, 1~3, 241, 331, 4<)9, 489, 585, H65" 8f.6. !j7, 938 Missionary's Equipment, A-Poem. J. Hudscn Peru, Church and State in …….. _ … 753 Taylor ………………………………… 711 – Fight for Lioorty in ………………….. 563 Missions Campaign in Rochester, National .. 169 – Neglected Indians in, ,V. E. Erowni"!lg '" 287 – Exchange and Cost of ….. __ …………… 6D PerUVIan Leader a Christian ………. ,…… 65 – jn Egypt Today, Government ana 945 Philippines, 1899 to 1924, The ……………… 312 – Premier MacDonald on . _. _. _. 844- – Bible in the ……………………………. 8,8 MOney, How We Can Save.. . .. _. 416 – Disciples in the ……………………….. 231 Mongol, A Christian ….. 71 – Religious Situation tn. Frank C. LaubaCh n Mongolia, EXlJelled from 886- Physicians Unite for Missions ……………. 15-~ Morals Policies, Public … 313 Pola2;!d and Religious Liberty ………… , … 319 Mormon Centennial, The 482 – Revival in Russian ……………………. 84!) ~ Church in Washington . &57 Poster Suggestions ……………………….. 730 l{ormonism, Good and Evil in . 482- Prayer and Publicity …………………….. 46 – in Idaho ….. . ……. . … . ……. 9~1 – Answered, Kanamf)ri's …………………. 5,n – Present Day ……………………… 39() – Call to World Wide Year of …………… 165 Mormons SUll Polyg-amists ………………. 842 – Evidences of Answered ………………… 24R – Train Children, How ………………….. 64 – for n Life of L,iberty-Poem ………….. 980 Moslem View of Christianity, A, S. M. – Parables of, Sadhu Sundar Sin'?h _….. 178 Zwemer _………. , ……… , ……………. 877 Project Method in MIssionary Educatt-:n, – Women Converts ………………………. 92-t Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 128 – World, Upheaval in ……………………. 847 – Plans, Practical, Mary Jenness… _ 203 Moslems and the Press ., … , ……………… 320 – Work, Real, Mabel G. Kerschner ……… 130 – Anxious ……………………………….. 400 Publicity, Prayer and ……………………. 46 – Being Reached …………..•…………… 748 Questions for a Man at Fifty, A. A. Hyde .. 340 – Conference on Work for ……………….. 47Q Race Prejudice, College Course to Eliminate 550 – Listen to the Gospel, When. I. LiJias Trotter ……………………………………. 426 – – Prayer for Deliyerance from, Mornay Mountaineer's Schoo], A …………………. 480 Williams ……………………………… 876 Mountains, In the Cumberland ……………. 313 – Problem~ Christian Solution of the, Frank

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page L. Anderson ………………………….. 5:)3 Sumatra and Java, Missionary Visit to, S.

– – Future of the Red Men in Americ:a. M. Zwemer ……………………………. 841 Henry Roe Cloud … , ……. , ………….. 529 – Miracle of Missions in, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – – Interracial Cooperation in Indianapolis, Sunday School Convention, World ….. , .389, 756 Charles O. Lee ……………………….. 546 _ – Fleet ……………………………….. 314 – – Parable of the Good American, A, M. _ – Progress in Mission Lands, W. G. Landes ……………………………….. 446 Allan ………………………. '" ……… 515 – -. Removing the "Wall of Partitiall," Sunday-schools in Syria . _……………….. 925 Amos 1. Dushaw ……………………… 617 Superstition in Africa, Fighting, Mathilde T. – – The …………………………………. 493 Dysart …………………………………. 42-1 – — What Can Be Done, Bertha G. Judd … 549 Swedes, Missionary Activities of the, J. Rin- man …………………………………… 619 Race Problems in Mississippi ……… 557 Syria, French Rule in …………….. . … 149 – – Solving ……………………•……….. 557 – Hamlin Memorial in …………. . … 1007 – Relations, Britain and ……… . … 844 – Growth of Beirut Press ………… . 648 – – Cbristian ………………………. . …. Z2() – Orphans Govern Themselves ……. 148 – -..0 Way of Christ in, Edith H. Allen .. ' 551 – Sunday Schools in ……………….. 925 – Superiority …. ,., ………………………. 516 Temperance, Anti-Saloon League Rally 292 Racial Good Will Movement, A, Will Winton – Hope of a Dry World…………….. 61 Alexander ………………….. _.. 505 – W. C. T. U. in China………………….. 70 – Integrity, Virginia's …………………… 557 Testimony from Enemies ………………… 1005 – Intermarriage in South America, Oliveira Lima …………………………………. 513 Thompson, Charles L" Missionary Statesm.an 449 Radio, Foreign Mission News by ………… 99() Tibet, American Mission in …. , …………. , 307 Red Men in America, Future of, Henry Roe – Christian Books for ………… "." ……. ' &73 Cloud …………………………………. 52~ – Christians in ………………….. , ….. , .. 400 Rhodesia, Prohibition for ……………….. 151. – Indian M1ssion for …………………….. 307 Roman Catholic-Vatican Missionary Exhi- – Evangelism In …………………………1011 bition …………………………………1004 Tibetan Border, On the ………………. 651, 745 Rotary Club and Missions ………………… 294 – Monks ., …. " … , ……………………… , 475 Rouman1a, State and Church in ………….. 219 Rural Church, Need of the ………………. 314 Tithing Increases Funds ………………….. 839 =- – Test of the …………………………. 841 Turkestan for Christ, Holding ……………. 473 Me~:;gd:. ~ha~IML~r~~C:tP~:. ~~~:.~. ~'..~.~l.t.O.~ ~~ Turkey, Boys' Clubs in …………………… 472 – Future of Polygamy …………………… 569 – Medical Work in Aintab ……………….. 473 Russia, A Crime Against Children …… , …. 645 – Mission Work Resumed ………………… 224 = :lg ~~~i-~~;;:~e ~~1i~~~:Sin' .:..::……….::..:::… : ~: – Outlook for Missionary Work in ………. 674 =~~~~c~h~~dO~i3!~~ "i~"::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ – PlUral Marriage in …………………….. 67 – Social Changes in …………………….. 1007 – What Did the Martyrs See? _… .. 67 =- Communist Idea of LOve ………………. 396 Turkish Government and Religion .. 335 8~~~~~ef~~ ~~~~~:.::'''''''''''''':: .. :::::: :1~ – Persecution, Petty ………… . 568 – Woman Doctor, First ………. . 22fi Turks Close Aintab Hospital ….. . 148 – Methodist Pians for . . ….. 152 – Toward Missions, Attitude of ……… …… 93 – Paganism in …….. .. .. 845 Union Enterprise~ A New, Sarah H. Polhemus 300- – Religious Values in ……… . …… 646 – Hindered. Canadian Church _. _….. _. _. _… 658 Rus3ian Chri3tians Persecuted ……. 845 in –0 Holland, Missionary ……….. .. .. 643 – Churches Closing … 1004 – Southern Methodists for ………… 754 – Communist Rite ……. _ …. 751 – Vote for Methodist ……………. 560 – Demand for Books … . .. 222 United Church, V,"'or-k of the …………….. 943 – Poland, Revival in …………. .. 845 United States, China in the Local Parish, Santo Domingo, Converlidos in Nel1ie M John Clark Archer ………………….. 988 Whiffen …………………. .'…………. : 189 – – Rural Church Under the Microscope, Sc~rrM1~:~~n~~y 'Fi~~~'~~'::::::::::::::::::: i~ _ ~~~~~s ~~ ~h~to~~.:::::.:~:~:::~:~:~:::~:::::l~i – Religious Conditio-ns ……………….. , … 920 Sem~naries in United States, Theological …1000 – – Theological Seminaries ………………1()()o unityW;~tdi~g~h~h~i~~i:~ ~~.~~~~ . .':.'. ~ '.:::::~ 9~~ SerbIa, Protestant Work for ……………… 391) Vacation Bible SchooL Adeline Guenther …. 33 Service, "Applied Christianity" ., …………• 481 – Enlisting a Denomination for World Wit- ;~ti~:~a M1vfs~1g~~~~' Jx~~bit;~~":::::::::::: :~JSM S liam F. MODermott ……………. ."……. 452 VOlWNde:~n~~~~~ ..~~~…~.~V:.: …~~~~~.t…~: 903 sr:!~~~ g;rls~~~e~~~~s. :::::::: ::: :::::::::::: ~:g ;:~~~~:f:ni~c~~r.9 'j;; 'Stciiy':::::::::::::::::: ~~ s: Gradua.tes to Teach ……………………. 69 War, Conference on Cause and Cure of …. 994 War-Mad World, A ……………………… 60 c::; ~l~~:~~~~~~k ~~y~e::.:::::.::.::::::::::: ~l~ – The Church and ……………………….. 932 Slavs in the United States ….. , ….. , …….1001 Washington Convention, The Coming ……. , 852 Social Evil, The Japanese and the ……….. &'72 we~. I£,~t~en~ra .~.i~.s.i.O.; .~i.~l.~,..~~.~'..~~.~~~~~ 183 SoC!al. Service, Studpnts and …………….. 999 SocIah3m, "Red" Archbishop in New York.. 62 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… . Somervell, Dr. Theodore Howard, Missionary .. 54. 139. 214, 302. 382, 4£7, 554. 640, 734. 827. 913 Athlete …………………………. . …1004 South America-(See Latin America)." ssa' 734" WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 912 .. 57. 136. 211. 299. 386, 464. [>51, 637' – – Indian Infanticide ………………….. :::'003 Women Call for Action …………. .'…..'…. : 655 South Seas, Bible in …………………….1013 Stewarts as Christian Stewards, The …….. 59-5 m – in Church, Status of, Mrs. Charles K. Roys .282 Student Mission, Fitchburg ……………… 999 W.;ldEy::~i~t~~~:t'T~uar~e].I~ .~:..~.c.~~.i~.~.:: – Movement, British …………………….. 221 =- Alliance at Oxford ……………………. , 564- – Views of Indianapolis Convention ……… 173 i~l~~roe:s~c:r~~t;~i:' B~~i~' f~'~':::::::: ~: ~:: ~~ Y. M. C. A. Budget for 1924 ……………. 64, 153 – Volunteers for Japan ………………….. 229 – Canal Zone ………….. , ……….. ,., …… 482 Siu'r~;~ ~~~njfri~nd~~r~~~aii~~'s,' 'E~i~~~d' if: 386 = :::::::::::: :::: :::: ::: W Y. W. C. A. Convention …………………… 314 ~a~~~t~f ~~~~e:a~':::: Lockwood ……………………………… 545 Young People and World Peace, Mrs. E. C. Cronk •……….. , …………………….. 64 – – Home Missions ……………………… 2.18 – – Social Servioe ……………………… 999 Youth Movement and Missions, American … 85 – are Reading, What Foreign ……………. 669 – at LouisVille, Methodist ……………….. 5.5.9 Zio~~~~i~n~al:s~f~~e~u~~~ii· G~it' ~:::::::::: =~ – of Europe, Relief of the, Fred H. Rind:se '613 Sudan, Facts About the …………………… 397 Sudanese Chiefe, Friendly ………•……….. 160

NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page In China Now, J. C. Keyte ……………. 583, 851 Adventures in Brotherhood, Dorothy Gtles •. 577 In Palestine at the Empty Tomb, E. E. African Clearings, Jean Kenyon Mackenzie .• 758 African Idylls, Donald Fraser •…•….•…..• 77 Violette ………..•…….•………..•…..• 23£ Afrtcan Life, W. H. Overs …….•.•.•…….1018 In Quest of God, Marshall Broomhall •……• 851 America and the World Liquor Problem. In the Heart of Savagedom, Mr. and Mrs.

Ernest Hurst Cherrington .. , ………….. 406 Stewart Watt ………•………………… 488 Americans in Eastern Asia, Tyler Dennett .. 849 Anglo-South American Handbook, Edited by In the Land of Sweepers and Kings, George W. H. Koebel …………………………. 238 E. Miller •………….•.•…..•.•……….. 935 Answered Prayer in China, C. E. Scott .. 239. 851 Indian Pie, By Several Authors ………….. 582 Apolo of the Pygmy Forest, A. B. LlOyd …. 1018 Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison …..•…•. 1{):1!) Indische Missionsgeschichte, Julius Richter.. 581 Are Foreign Missions Worth While? ……… 407 Jane in the Orient, Lois H. Swinehart ……. 8521 Argentine Republic, The, Pierre Denis …… 238 John Tengo Jabavu, D. D., T. Jabavu …… 664 Baron Paul Nicolay, Greta Langeuskjold …. 759 JUbilee Story of the China Inland Mission, Beginning Again at Ararat, Mabel E. Elliott 760 Bolshevist Persecution of Christianity, Marshall Broomhall ….•.•.•…..•…..•… 85~ Junior Citizen, The, Joyce Constance Manuel 407 Francis McCullagh ……………………. 578 Kachins, The, O. Hanson …………………. 582, Breaking Down Chinese Walls, E. L Osgood &51 Business of Missions, The, Cornelius H. Pat- Kingdom of God, The, FranCis Asa Wight … 578 Labor in India. Janet Harvey Kelman ……. 486 ton ………………………•…………… 4{)4 Land of All Nations, Margaret R. Seebach .. 577 Call of China's Great Northwest. The, Mrs. Land of Saddle Bags, The, James Watt Raine 759 Howard Taylor ……………………….. 233 Land Systems of MexiCO, The, George Mc· g~f;::i~nCI~~~~~era~i~n~'t.,,:,o~sa~hf~~·d . : :: ~~ Bride ……. , ……. , ……… ". , ……….. 233 China Awakened, M. C. T. Z. Tyau ………. 850 Layman's Confession of Faith, A, P. Whit- China in the Family of Nations, H. T. Hodg~ well Wilson •.•…………………•…….. 662 kin ………………….•….•…••.•…….. 849 Life and Labors of Archibald McLean, Wil- Ham Robinson Warren ……. , ………… 157 China Mission Year Book ………………… 850 China Today Through Chinese Eyes, T. T. Life as a StewardshIp, Guy L. Morrill ……. 237 Life of the AnCient East, The, James Baikie 4()5 Lew and Others ………………………. 78 Lives O'Menj Margaret Pyle ……………… 237 China-Yesterday and Today, E. T. Williams Livingstone, the Master Missionary. Hubert ……………….•….••…•.•…..•…•.•. 75, 80ID ~. Livingstone ………………………… 480 Christian and His Muney Problems, Thel Lutheran World Almanac and Annual Ency- Bert Wilson ..•………………………… 239 clopedia ………………•….. ' ………… 40/3 Christian Education in China …………….• 8150 Magyars in America, The, D. A. Souders …. 406 Christian Literature in Moslem Lands ,…… 79 Maryknoll Mission Letters ……………….• 232 Christian Occupation of China, The, Milton Men, Maidens and Mantillas, Stella Burke T. Stauffer …….. : …………….•…….. 85(] May •.••••.•…•.•……•……..•…..•.•…. 158 Christian Reformed Church, The. Henry Men, Women and God, A. Herbert Gray ….. 237 Mexico, An Interpretation, Carleton Beals .. 934 Beets …………………………………. 760 Miracle Man and the Wonder Book, The, Christian StewardshIp. B. T. Kemerer ……. 6821 Christianity and Economic Problems, Kirby Fred J. Meldan …………………….•… 240 Modern Religious Movements in India, J. N. Page and Others ……………………… 582 Christianity and Liberalism. J. Gresham Farquhar ..•…•.•••…•…..•.•••…..••…. 661 More Twice Born Men, Harold Begbie ……. 238 Machen ………………….. , ………….• 487 My Children of the Forest. Andrew F. Hen"eY 758 Christianity and the Race Problem, J. H. My Nestorian Adventure in China. Frits Oldham ……………………………….. fJl7 Holm ….•.•…•.•……..•…………•….. 75 ChristianIty the Final Religion, S. M. New Invasion of Belgium, A, Philip E.

Zwemer •……………..•………•…….. 663 H<>ward ……………………………….. 759 Contacts with NOll-Christian Cultures, D. J. New Lanterns in Old China, Theodora Mar~ Fleming ………………………………. 661 shaIl Inglis …..•…..•………•………•. 76 Cornaby of Hanyang, Coulson Kernahan and N or Script, Amy Wilson Carmichael ……… 408 Notable Women of Modern China, Margaret Mrs. Wm. Cornaby ……………………1018 Daniel Bula, R. C. Nicholson …….•.•……. 664 Burton ……………•………………….. 850 'Development of China, The, K. S. Latourette 849 Nyasa, the Great Water, William P. Johnson 485 Directory of Protestant Missions in China .. 78 Progress of World Wide Missions, Robert H. Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria, AJfred J. Glover ……………………….. , , , , . ' .. 1016 Coseain ……….•……………………… 851 Race and Race Relations, Robert E. Speer.. 1015 Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, H. A. Robertson 66:3 Race Problems in the New Africa, W. C. Facing the Cl'isis, Sherwood Eddy …… , ….. 406 Faith That Overcomes the World, The, Van Willoughby ……………………………. 404 Religion of Lower Races., The, Edwin W. Rensselaer Gibson …. _………………… 407 For a New America, Coe Hayne………….. 78 Smith …………………………………. 79 Foreign Magic, Jean Carter Cochran …….. 850 Religious and Social Problems of the Orient, Forty-Five Years in China, Timothy Richard 850 Francis de Sales Buchanan, Gilbert White .. 233 Masaharu Anesaki ……………………. 235 Francois Coillard, Edward Shillito ……….. 5S3 Shelton of Tibet, Flora Beal Shelton ….. 239, 851 Frontier Spirit in American Christianity, Social Revolwtion in Mexico. Edward A. Ross 157 Social Survey in Town and Country Areas, The, Peter G. Mode …………………… 584 Galilee Doctor, A, W. P. Livingstune ……. , 76 The, H. M. Morse …………………….. 760 Gateway to China, The, Mary Ninde Game- St. Louis Church Survey, The, Paul Douglas 760 Story of John G. Paton, The, James Paton .. 759 well …………………………………… 24Q Tables in the Wilderness, Amy Wilson Car- General Feng, Marshall Broomhall ……….. 664 Glimpses of Indian America, W. F. Jordan .. 232 michael … ,. ………………………… ,. 237 GUide of Religious Pageantry. A, Mason Timothy Richard of China, W. E. Soothill .. SIll Twenty-Five Years of the L. M. Soo A. T. S. Crum ……..•………………………… 239 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith, Con~ James ………………….•…..•………. 488 When Black Meets White, John Louis Hill .. 237 stance E. Padwlck ……………………. 78- When the East is in the West. Maude Mad· History of the Wesleyan' Methodist Mission- den ……••………..•…•…….•………. 583 ary Society, G. G. Findlay ……………. 933 White Fields of Japan, The, I.lois J. Erickson 23'5 Home and Health in India, The, Kate Platt 334 William Carey, S. Pearce Carey ………….. 581 Home, Saviour of Civilization, The, J. E. Mc- Winning of the Far East, The, Sidney L.

Culloch ………..•…………………….. 1W3 Gulick ………….•……………………. 486 Idea of God, The, Clarence 'A. Beckwith ….. 40'1 World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Ideals of Theodore Roosevelt, The, Edward ChUrch ..•…………………………….. 158 H. Cotton ……•………….•.•………… 664 Year Book of the Churches. ,…………….. 76 Ignatius Loyola, Henry Dwight Sedgwick … 579

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1924

HARTFORD

PRESIDEXT DANJO EBI~'~-A) of the Doshish~, SEMINARY FOUNDATION :It'eompnll1ed by Hpy, .leI'OnJ:' C. H()ln~('s, of Kyoto is ,-isiting the l:nite<l States ]]j the Hartford, Conn. jlltere~ts of the uniyersity. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President HEV. BHENTO:N T. BADLEY, D.D., -whu YaH horn in India tl11cl has been for tWPllty-fnUl' Theological Seminary years eng:1g'ecl ill missionary Rel'yj(:(, thpl'cJ Dean. M. W. Jacobus is the new (?ditol' of the Indian TITitU{'.';s. School of Religious Pedagogy RE.v. ERXEST nr. HIGGs, AHSOe1atc ~('(:l'l~­ Dean, E. H. Knight tary oi thr American Roanl. :~ft(>r :!ttcll~llllg the Neal' E:Hlt Coufcrences thls sIn'lllg', IS tu Kennedy School of Missions yisit tho Afr)('(1 ~r.issions of 11 is ]Jo<lrd. Dean. E. W. Capen "'fRS. HELE'" B.tRRI<TT C'lloXTGo)]ERY has Through these associated schools Hartford offers completed :.L new translation uf the ~O' full training for Testament, vhieh is to be widely used by the Baptists in the League of New Testa· 1. The Christian Ministry. ment Reude1's "yhil'h they are orgalllzmg. 2. Religious Education and Social Service. 3. The Foreign Field. REV. 'V3I. A. 'l'HO~[AS, of Point Hope, Alaska the most northel'll station of the Each school has its indepenuent faculty and its Episcopal Church, has )'eceived a gift of " own institutional life and together they form one mdio set, which it is expected will keep IUlll interdenominational institution with the unity of a in daily touch ,,-ith the rnited ~·ltates. common aim and spirit. through Seattle. The plan for a group of eight buildings for the BISHOP H01fER C. STUNTZ, of the :II. E. Foundation, including dormitories, library, chapel, Church, suffet'ed from a serious stl'Oke of gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each apoplexy wllile in :lliami, Fla., the llliddle of school, is being carried out. The first of th~se -.b-'ebruary. He is sillce T('pOl'H'd ROlllf'whnt LJl1ilding~, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupIed impl'oved. under d-irection of the Dean of 'omen. !'Irs. Lester McLean. Jr. JOH)[ .. :lIAcK.n:, Al'chden('oll of IllditHi :lfissions iu the Diocese of Saskatdtewan, Cnnada, hfts tUed nftC"l' 11101'(' than sixtl~ yeaTs of yol'k alllong the Cree' Indians. '

THE HOME MISSION BOARDS The .Toint COllf(~rellce 8f the Home :Ilk TIle oldest Immigrant's :-;,ions Conncil awl the COl1llcil of ~01l1ell fOl' BIble ,,-"':;oc/('/y Bible Home )Iisslons yhieh met in ~'tlantic City, in New York .1 anuaq 14th to 16th, p""sed ullallilllollsi y and the onl), T HERE is no better Christhe following l'ccOlnmel1t1atiow"I: one dtstribut- tian and Americaniz:;tio.o ing BtbLes work than the free dlstrt- J. That the C0111mittees Oll tile :lltSSIOKIRY FREE in tile bution of Bibles to the immi- RE'~IEY OF THE VORLD of thi? two COl1urils City and Ilar- grants who reach our shores he unitc(l to form nlle joint standing COlll- bor of New daily, mittee. York. The work of circulating the Bi- 2. That the COUlh,ils CXPl'i..'HS ag'ain tlwil' ble, in 53 languages, aro.ong rippreriation of the ynlne of the REY1.EY a.., these potential citizens, bnngs nn rdueationnl Hntl insphatioual Ol'g-fln (If far reaching results. the ('anse of Home }IissiollR. Your donation will help in this 3. That the re~ollltions ac1opt('(l luRt Yi..'ar no ble work and at the same be reaffirmed and that Boards be urged to time may establish a life income rurry ont still mOl'r; fully anc1 ('>fi'ectiw'ly from your investment accord.. thOS8 re~wlutions by making financial ap- ing to the annuity plan. propriations to the }lEVIEW, by helping- to axtoml the circulation and by furnishing' LEARN HOW GENEROSITY HOlne }fissioll' 11€WS and articles. ACTUALLY PAYS CASH DIVIDENDS The ne'iY CJlll1nittee app()inted to l'CPl'("- Write lor Booklet No. 1 sent tho t'o Councils on tho -;fISSIOX.'RY REVIEW OF THE VVORLD for the present year New York Bible Society ore the following: :;VIrs. E. e. Cronk, Glw'r· man; Dr. ,Tohn lIIeDowell, :;VIrs.•Tohn Fergu- 5 East 48th St. New York City son, Dr. Cha)']es L. ·White, :;VII'S. O. R. Jud(l, Dr. Samu<'l L. Loomis, Mr. Jay S. StowelL This committee meets with the Editorial Conncil of tlle REVIEW quarterly to discuss editorial plans.

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For full details address George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fihh Avenue. New York. N. Y.• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170 I Arch Street. Phaadeiphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editot CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1924 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION . GREAT HI~DU TEMPLE AT TIRUVANNAMAI,AI, SoUTH INDIA FRONTISPIECE …………………….. CAClQVE INDIANS OF PERU ApPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE Ev.~NGEL1CAI. UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR HELP EDITORIALS ………………………….••…….•………••…….•.. 245 REOENT CHANGES IN INDIA A PROPHECY FOR INDIA ALL INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENC'E EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTR..LIA JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 TESTIMONY FROM INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " …….. PROFES~OR YOH.N MASIH TES'~IMONY J'ROM JAPAN …………………………. DEAN H. IIATANAKA TES~'IMONY FROM CHINA …………………………………. Y. Y. Tsu ON THE RAILS WITH CHAPEL CARS …………………. SAMUEL G. NElL 262 A story of a new type of cwcuU riding de luxe in churchle.•s parishes.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY A'f CAIRO ………. WILLHM BANOROFT HILL 269 The story of the great mission and work of the l!eW Chri..tian Univel'sity in the intellectual capital of the Moglem world.

IF I WERE A YOUNG MISSIONARY IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . BY Yl SANG CHOI 276 A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST …………………………………. 277 THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAR, F. PARMENTER 278 Gr;,pping life stories of Chinese girls who (we study·~rtg to help awaken their sisters.

THE NEGLECTED INDIAN OF BOLIVIA AND PERU .. WEBSTER E.BooWNING 287 Observations on a recent tour in unoc&upied fields in Latin America.

JAMES I. GOOD, ENLARGER OF THE KINGDOM …. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW 289 OPEN DOORS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………. II. AND S. B. STRACHAN 291 The.. need for E'rotcstant iti~era.t-ing evange~'ist8, .•howl! by a ..tudy of unocoopieii areas.

BEST METHODS FOR COUNTRY CHURCHF.S ….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 293 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI1'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,LETIN …. EDITED BY SAR.AH H. POLHEMUS 302 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 306 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 323 TERMS: $2.50 It year. ($!tOO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 ceuts. Siugle copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING CoMPJ.NY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial ~"Jt~u8~Ce~~<rmI~~, y;:s;rfih Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2,50 a year New York CIQ'

Entered aa second-cIa•• matter at the Post Omce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. "By the Blessing of God "I ascribe to Bible study the help and strength which I have had from God to pass in peace through deeper trials in various ways than I had ever had before; and after having now above fourteen years tried this way, I can most fully, in the fear of God, commend it. . . . A man has deprived himself of the best there is in the world who has deprived himself of intimate knowledge of the Bible."-Woodrow Wt/son.'

Systematic, Prayerful Bible Study ~ves that knowledge of God and mali without which real success in life is never attainable. It g-ives uplift, inspiration, refreshment, streng-th, courag-e, wisdom, breadth of vision, spiritual enthusiasm, and power with God and men.

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personal pupil; time. place and amount of study under your ChrIstian Evlden_ •••an. old l!Iubject brQvcht llpto dDte~ own control. The Scofield· Bible . HI often mention in lIlY sermons." says a letter from a Meth- Corresponden~e CoUrse odist minister. Hthat a Correspondence Course from the Moody Bible Institute has been of far greater value to me ••••cholarIY. cf)mPr~ben&tV"e, ~e8ted than all my Bible and theoloeieal work in coll_." ~:~LpON for 8 qua..:te.. of a century, and , ..ken alreMly b)H3.000 Btudentll~;. ~~t~l~c~~r::~~~g:n~dr~~~s ~'::a~~!::tbe:th TODAY r – – d:~:sfC~':r~.:"'~:~-:,~ci:'f'rl:;d~: ~~:!s::: =~ -MAIL THE COUPON TODA y- – –, I THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE, I been saved from Christian Sei.nee by same." marvelous I I Another says: HWhat lill'ht I am reo- I Dept. 57&4. 153 Institute Place. Chicaso.. Ill.

eeiving throuch these lessons t (Soofield Course). Send me your prospectus e;iving compi1;te infor· loll&' I I I Lonlir. years I have puzzled oyer thi.Dca in the mation regarding yQtlr eight courses in Cor'espondprec:ious Book that noW' I undentand." ence Bible Study. The Moody Bible Institute I II Dept. 5784 Name ……………………………………:….

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C.ACIQUE INDIANS OF PERU APPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE EVANGELICAL UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. APRIL, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FOUR RECENT CHA~G~JS IN INDIA D URING the past six years India has passed through the period of post-war disillusionment and adjustment, accom- panied by anti–Western feeling in nation and in church, strong influences from Moslem Turkey and Bolshevist Rlussia, the development of the remarkable personal influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the experiences of reform in politics and of development of responsibility in the Christian Church.

Today, says the Rev. Alden H. Clark, of Almednagar,* anti- Western feeling is not so apparent as it was in the days of the Swadeshi movement of 1907-08. Everywhere I have found the oldtime courtesy and appreciation of Western cooperation. On the other hand, it is evident that what had been in 1907-08 often a wild and angry assertion of Indian rights, and has in a period since sometimes expressed itself in bomb-throwing and rioting, has now settled into a quiet, insistent purpose to gain full control of every aspect of India's life, political, economic, religious. That is perhaps the outstanding aspect of the situation today. Politically this has shown itself in the sweeping victory of the Swaraj, or radical party, over the moderates in recent elections. Religiously both Hinduism and Mohammedanism are becoming more aggressive. It is a new thing for Hindus to reach out and try to win Mohammedans and Christians.

Alongside of their new aggressiveness for Hinduism and Mohammedanism there is among non-Christian Indians a marked increase in reverence for Christ and appreciation of his teaching. He is more and more recognized as one of the greatest leaders and often as· the greatest religious leader of the world. Mahatma Gandhi's open reverence for Christ and recognition of his debt to him has spread the influence of Jesus broadcast in India.

The Christian movement reflects the general situation in India.

.. In The OongregationaU8t.

In some districts the extreme period of strained and difficult personal relations seems to have passed and the air to have been cleared for closer and more cordial cooperation. The process of Indianization has made marked progress. Now the General Councils of Indians and missionaries meet to settle questions of mission policy and work. Indians sit with equal voice and vote with the missionaries and form about one-third of the voting membership. Similarly, the work in each station is now controlled by a station council in which the number of Indian members may equal the number of missionaries. The Representative Councils of Missions, which were powerful Protestant bodies in the different provinces of India and were predominantly Western, are now transformed into Christian Councils, in which the Indian Church is fully represented and in which at least half the members must be Indians.

Not only in missions but also in the Indian Church are there indications of growing Indianization. Indian Christians are identifying themselves more with their non-Christian fellow Indians in politics, education, business and religion. This movement contains its dangers, for Christians who have no deep personal experience of. the living Christ and no firm grasp of the distinctive and essential elements in the Christian program in some cases are carried back into Hinduism in their desire to identify themselves with the culture of their country. The president of the Christian Association of Bombay has surprised his Christian friends by openly proclaiming himself a Hindu. Yet anyone who has had experience of the wonderful response to Christ of such typical Indians as the late Rev. N. V. Tilak, Sadhu Suudar Singh, and many others besides can never doubt for one moment that Keshub Chander Sen was right in saying "N0 one but Christ is worthy to wear the diadem of India and he shall have it."

Mr. Clark believes that the situation is more promising than ever before for true and lasting Christian development. The missionary is now less of a director and more of a cooperator with the Indian Christian; less of a "father" and more of a brother. There is an increasingly close identification of Christians and of Christ with the changing, surging life of India.

ALIJ INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE The more important resolutions passed at the All-India Christian Conference held at Bangalore (December 27-28) related to Indians in America, Prohibition, Hindu-Moslem Unity and Church Union. They were as follows: I-(a) This Conference hears with some satisfaction that the recent decision of the Supreme High Court of U. S. A. denying rights of citizenship to domiciled Indians in that country was not based on any inherent implication of the National Constitutioll of that-country,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but on Immigration Laws which are comparatively more easily changeable.

(b) This Conference considers that a change in the Immigration Laws of America, with a view to remove this disability, is necessary in the interests of international good-will founded on mutual recognition of equality of citizenship.

(c) In the opinion of this Conference the continuance of this disability will affect adversely the work of the Christian Church in this land and particularly that of the American Missions. . The Conference therefore urges the National Christian Council to place this matter before the Christian Church in America through the International Missionary Council and various Home Boards, in cooperation with the Executive Committee of this Conference.

II-(a) In the opinion of this Conference the total prohibition of sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquors and other intoxicating drugs should be the aim of all temperance reformers in this country. It welcomes, however, Local Option bills passed by some of the Provincial Legislatures as a forward step towards the attainment of this ideal, and trusts that imported foreign spirits will be also speedily brought within the ope-ration of such legislation.

(b) The Conference pledges itself to cooperate with every effort in this regard, and urges the Provincial Indian Christian Associations to do the same.

III-(a) The Conference deeply deplores the tragic extent to which communal and sectarian differences have expressed themselves in the recent months and have become a serious obstacle to any na-. tionaI progress in India.

(b) It urges every Indian Christian to do his utmost in cooperation with Hindus and Moslems to work towards national unity.

(c) It strongly recommends that a Conference be arranged of representatives from various communities for the purpose of ascertaining clearly the real difficulties of the different communities and of arriving at solutions that will be permanently effective.

(d) The Executive of the All-India Council of Indian Christians as representing a minority body which, while in full sympathy with the aspiration of the great communities for mutual concord, is itself disinterested will be prepared, if asked, to take tlie initiative in regard to such a Conference.

(e) This Conference wishes to point out that any accentuation of the communal spirit among Indian Christians adds to the difficulties of the situation and makes it still harder for them to assist in its solution.

IV-Resolved that this Conference approves in general the movement toward establishing the Anglican Church in India on an autonomous basis anel also the movement towards Church Union in South India,

A PROPHECY FOR INDIA.

D R. S. K. DATTA, National Y. M. C. A. Secretary for India, re- cently made a visit to Australia, where he sought to improve the understanding between Australians and Indians. He gave several addresses daily and interested university professors and students, the colleges and schools and also the Trades' HaH. One or his hosts, who was greatly impressed by his ability and culture, writes that he "asked him whether after all the years of work of the Christian missionaries many of the high caste and cultured Indians had accepted Christianity. After thought, he replied, 'Very few,' but he added that, for the past two or three generations, the fathers had been saying to their sons, 'Look at these English officials and consider their lives-straightforward, truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate our nation and to organize and uplift it to the high standard of their own. Then look at the missionaries, leading lives of great self-sacrifice without any idea of personal advantage. Indeed, quite the reverseand what for? To teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We want you to cultivate and live up to those ideals. ' He said this had permeated the better classes to such a degree that today 'Buddha is dead.' As to the masses, the untouchables, the religion of Christ was the first that had given them any hope at all. All their own religions doomed them to lowest despair. They were accepting Christianity in the mass, and the principles of the Sermon on the Mount were so moving the mind of India today that the time was certainly coming, and no one could say how soon, when the teachings of Christ would be accepted by all India."

EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER T HE foremost need of both the individual Christian, and of the Church, is a revival of believing prayer. The supernatural element in Christianity is being discredited by the modern attempt to reduce all prophecy to shrewd guess work, or conjecture, and to deny miracles or to explain them by the operation of natural laws. This tendency is observable also in the drift of the day with reference to prayer, in practically denying its supernatural, or preternatural, efficacy; and making it simply a moral self-discipline or self-culture, as though one should try to propel his boat by blowing on the sails. This attitude considers prayer as profitable, but effective only on the human side. There is but one way to meet that false view. This is not by an appeal to the Scriptures alone, for it is due, in part, to a false interpretation of the Scriptures; but, if from actual history and from modern experience there can be pointed out such an overwhelming mass of authentic facts as constitutes indisputable evidence of the interposition of God, the faith of the sincere

EDITORIAL COM.l{ENT

and open-minded Christian will be revived; and, the Scriptures will be illumined by testimony. .

The story of Pastor Gossner who, at 63 years of age, began a new evangelization work offers some of the well authenticated in- stances of the triumphs of prayer. There are some men whose work is so vitally connected with supplication to God that their prayer life is a vital part of it. Such men were Franke, Pastor Harms, George Miiller, Hudson Taylor, John Wilkinson, and D. I~. Moody, but of them all, no man depended upon simple prayer more tl1an did Goss- nero He had come out of the Church of Rome, where he was born and educated; he had seen the great truth, "Christ for us-our justification; Christ in us-our sanctification," and was led uncon- sciously into a great missionary career. When he was pastor of the Bethlehem Church in Berlin, three or four simple artisans sought his counsel and aid. They begged that he would at le~st pray with them, though he felt unable to assist them in their missionary projects.

By praying with them, he came into sympathy with them aud so began to help them in planning for service. After their day's work was done, he tallght them the 'Word of God and the truths of Christ.

They went in sole dependence on God for direction and support; and this, unconsciously, became the mark stamped upon the Gossner Mis- sion. His motto was, "Pray ye the Lord o£ the Harvest that he will send forth helpers into the Harvest." Past three score years and at a period of life when most men retire from activc service, he began the work that placed in the field 200 missionaries-male and female -becoming himself, under God, responsible for their activity and support. He said of himself, "I will not ring the beggar's bell, but the prayer bell, instead of asking men, supplicating God." It was said over his open grav.e that "He prayed mission stations into being and missionaries into faith: he prayed open the hearts of the rich, and gold from the most distant lands." Gossner believed in the Spirit of God as the great administrator of missions and soon he had little reliance on human organizations, but he had supreme trust in a prayer-answering God. He did all he could, but he trusted God to direct and order all according to His will. His manual of instruc- tion to his missionaries was less than sixty words: "Believe, hope, love, pray, b1trn, waken the dead! The Lord is coming, and to everyone He will sa.y, 'Where hast thou left the souls of these heathen? With the Devil?' Oh, swiftly seek these souls, and enter not without them into the presence of the Lord.."

The whole history of the Hermannsburg mission under Pastor Harms was also a triumph of faith and prayer. He had little sym- pathy from men: therefore he needed the more sympathy from God.

He had practically no help from men and his extremities shut him up to the help of God. 'When the door was shut on the human side, he knocked at the d:)or of prayer; laid every matter at the foot of

God; and rising from hi! knees at midnight, he seemed to hear a voice saying, "Forward now in the name of God." Never afterward did doubt enter into his mind. At the end of thirty-one years, he had put into the field more than 350 missionaries and at the end of forty years, there had been gathered from the heathen more than 1,300 converts. This was a triumph of prayer. Over and over again, appears the same simple entry upon his books, "I prayed to the Lord Jesus to provide the needed sum." Then at the end of the fiscal year, a similar entry of answered prayer, "I needed last year 15,000 crowns and the Lord gave me 60 more. This year, I needed double and the Lord has given me 140 over." Pastor Harms has proved what a single man with his church can do in simple dependence upon the prayer of faith.

The Rev. John Wilkinson, so famous for his work among the Jews, was another example of the power of prevailing supplication. His motto was that" all blessing comes in the path of obedience; that we have only to do the will of God in God's time and way and he will take care of his end of the enterprise."

Hudson Taylor was another great hero of faith. He made no public or private solicitation for funds, not even by politely publishing the donor's names, nor did he promise definite support to the missionaries. They, like himself, were to depend on God for supplies.

These are only a few of the many examples of missions which have had their birth and growth clearly throngh the power of prayer.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA* REV. LINLEY V. GORDON, the Associate Secretary of the World Alliance for International :H'riendship, who has recently returned from a trip of six months to Australia, his old homeland, writes that religious conditions in Australia differ in many respects from those prevailing in America. The first striking thing is the comparatively small number of denominations. The numerical strength of the several constituencies officially recorded is as follows: Anglicans, 2,106,413; Roman Catholics, 1,069,260; Presbyterians, 593,274; Methodists, 566,006; Congregationalists, 63,144; Baptists, 81,495; Church of Christ, 50,000. The Anglicans far outnumber the other denominations, a condition that is due in part to the predominant population of English people in the country.

A~other outstanding difference is that there is no paranel in Australia to the Home and Foreign Mission Boards in America. Up to 1904, each state in Australia was a separate colony having independent connection with the British Crown. There was no such thing as free trade between the states. "With the arrival of federalism came the sweeping away of all tariff barriers between the several

192~] EDITORIAL COMMENT

states. Rivalry and interstate friction have been abolished and the states are now thinking politically in a large, federal way. This is not true, however, religiously in which respect there is a lack of continental vision. Political federation came gradually and religious federation must also come by degrees.

Most of the states now have their Council of Churches-Victoria, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania. The Victorian Council is the strongest and has done its best work in evangelical campaigns. It has laid emphasis on the question of Lord's Day observance and is interested in public questions.. These councils include all the Protestant evangelical bodies with the exception of the Anglicans. There is need for closer cooperation between the churches.

The ecclesiastical forces of Australia have done very little thus far in applying the Gospel to the social needs of the age. The social problem has rapidly come to the front, and so far the churches have not been able to speak as one voice against the evils in the land. For instance, Australia's drink bill last year was twenty-eight million pounds, but there is no united voice of the Church raised against the traffic. The Church is playing a great part in the crusade against the drinking saloons, but the temperance movement in the Church has lacked driving force for want of a united voice on the subject.

Another thing that prevents Australia from coming into the social realm with her religious strength is that there is scarcely any foreign element within her borders. Racially they are a united peo- ple. Eighty-six per cent are British born. The Scotch, Welsh, Irish and English have been well blended. This fact has not called for any large attention by the Church to diverse social and racial needs.

Many vigorous efforts have been made to achieve Christian unity, especially during the last ten years. The Christian unity movement in Australia reached its high-water mark during the war, so that Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists were in joint conferences. When the war closed a slump came, and the movement died out. Two conferences have been held to consider the Lambeth proposals, four great bodies participating, but the old obstacle of reordination was not overcome. 'l'here has been a recrudescence ·of denominationalism, especially since the conferences on unity have not yielded as much as was hoped.

The Australian preachers have to wrestle with rna.ny problems in addition to the ecclesiastical. Apathy and indifference to high ideals prevail and Protestant ministers are obliged to wage constant war against horseracing, gambling, social unchastity and the legalized liquor traffic, in addition to their endeavor to bring the individual to a full sense of his personal responsibilitv to God and personal loyalty to J eSllS ChriRt. '.

Christ in the Thinking of

Addresses at the Foreign llfissions Conference at Atlantic City, J antlMY, .19:24 A Testimony from Indi..

BY PROFESSOR YOHAN MASIH, INDORE COLLEGE, INDIA I HAIL from India, that great country whose civilization dates back at least three thousand years, which claims the highest mountain peak in the whole world; a country in which have lived sages and hermits, men of meditation and prayer, who spent their lives over the problems relating to God and to human life. At present the country is best known as the land of Mahatma Gandhi and of passive resistance against foreign rule…… .

India is, above aU, a religious country with eight well-defined religions and a score of minor faiths and creeds. Though wickedness, idolatry, priestcraft and superstition abound in India, the whole history of .Hinduism, through errors and blindness, is a search after God.

But a new day is dawning in India. A few years ago, one of the prominent non-Christian judges said, "India is being converted; the ideas that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but steadily permeating the whole of Hindu society, modifying every phase of Hindu thought. " Today idolatry is being shaken. Educated young men and women do not speak in the terms of idolatry. There is also a strong movement among the Hindus themselves against caste. The old orthodox party is' still very strong; yet the sentiment against the idea of untouchability is growing formidable. Some day this great stronghold of Hinduism will tumble down.

Another movement going on in India is the great awakening among the women. They are tired of being kept behind the purdah, or within the four walls of a home. When the political agitation began, the men were arrested and thrown into prison, a number of ladies of noble family and high caste came out of their seclusion and appeared on the public streets and on the public platforms, pleading for the rights of their country and for their own rights. They have started an All India Woman's Conference. A few months ago, a meeting was held and many resolutions were passed, one of them asking the Government to raise the minimum age of girls for marriage to fifteen years. They are also fighting for prohibition in India. Among our native states, only one, the State of Bhopal, is ruled by a woman. Two years back the Begum prohibited the manufacture or sale of liquor in her territory.

Non-Christian India has come to realize also that a great injustice has been done to its daughters and wives in denying them edu- 252 cation. Day schools are now overflowing and new schools are coming into being. In the higher schools and colleges of today are nearly 50,000 students; there are nearly 8,000,000 boys and girls in different schools, secondary and primary; one sixth of the total number are in institutions controlled by missionaries.

But the greatest fact about India today is this: India hails Jesus Christ as supreme. India has come to believe that He is the only hope for the solution of its problems. When the leaders of the noncooperative party wanted to compare Mr. Gandhi with the world's highest, noblest and best, they did not compare him with Buddha, the founder of Buddhism; or with any of the Hindu deities, or with Mohammed, the prophet of Islam. They placed him next to Jesus Christ as the only Person Who stands unique in the whole world. Mr. Gandhi, himself, in his non-cooperation campaign against the government, freely quoted from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament to convince the people that his campaign was right and just.

The opposition non-Christian party, whose leaders did not agree with Mr. Gandhi, also freely used the New 'restament and the teachings of Jesus Christ to prove that the non-cooperation campaign would bring only disaster. At a most critical time in the history of their people these two non-Christian parties based their appeal straight on Jesus Christ as the unquestionable Source of unassailable truth.

When Mr. Gandhi was sent to prison, there appeared the next day in one of the radical daily papers an article, written by a non- Christian lady, which was quoted in a number of other non-Christian dailies and weeklies, and was translated into many other vernaculars. Its caption was "The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest and trial of Jesus Christ." When the non-Christian public saw that, it wanted to know who J esns Christ was, why He was arrested, why He was sentenced to death, why He suffered on the Cross. And a study of His life and teachings began among many who had previously ignored Christian teaching.

Some missionaries have said that when they visited Mr. Gandhi's Asharam, where he had started a national school for boys and girls, they heard the pupils singing the hymn, "When I Survey the W on- drous Cross," and the other hynm, "In the Cross of Christ I Glory." The teacher told them that these two hymns were favorites with Mr. Gandhi. There you have a non-Christian man training non-Christian boys and girls in sublime teachings about Christ and His Cross. These men and their pupils may not come out and be baptized, mak- ing public confession as followers of Jesus Christ, but in their heart of hearts they will know there is only One in Whose hands lies the destiny of the whole world.

A new day is dawning in India as its people learn to use the Bible. A Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, a prominent non- Christian leader, in a recent address, said: "If you ask what is the most powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell you it is the Bible." A Hindu professor in the Hindu University in Benares at a public meeting made this confession, "There has been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ." The Maharajah of Travancore once said, "It is the Christian's Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India." It is the harbinger of a new day when an Indian thinker in a non-Christian journal can write these words, "If ever there was a time when the educ~ted Indian has consciously paid homage to Jesus Christ, it is in the year 1922."

An Englishman in the retired Indian Civil Service tried to show in an article, not long ago, that this whole revolt in India was against Christian civilization. Non-Christian leaders, one after another, took up the matter and answered him by saying that the revolt was not against Christian civilization, but against unchristian civilization. They made such statements as these: "At no other time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and His character than today. Many of her children are turning their eyes to the cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world's history is beginning to grip them with romantic power."

Never in the history of Christian missions in India was there a more serious study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ than today. Every action of the British Government is judged according to His standards. Every resolution passed by the League of Nations or in the Imperial Conference is judged according to His teachings~ One missionary, who goes over the whole country working among educated Indians, non-Christians and college students, declares that there was a time, twenty, fifteen or ten years back, when the name of Jesus would be hissed by non-Christian students. Now the situation has wholly changed. Questions of this type are asked of him: "How can one be a Christian 7" or "Is baptism necessary 1" When he went to Nagpur to work among the educated classes there, he found that because of a great flag agitation some 1,200 young men had been arrested and thrown into prison. The presiding magistrate told him that when these 1,200 were allowed to choose a limited number of things which they might take with them into prison, about 300 chose the New Testament. But should anyone ask them "Understandest thou what thou readestf" the answer would have to be given, "How can I, except some one should guide me r" There are only eighteen missionaries working in India for everyone million of population. Are they enough to evangelize that numbed This same missionary said: "I have found by actual experience that where there have been great political agitations, there the men

1924J JESUS CHRIST IN 'fHE THINKING OF ASIA

are most interested in the presentation of the Gospel." Mr. Gandhi, before he went to prison, sent a message to the youth of India, asking them to study the life and teachings of Jesus Ohrist, and to try to follow those teachings. Non-Ohristian India is seriously considering whether Jesus Christ can not really solve India's problems.

Only a few months ago, one of the most prominent non-Ohristian journalists of India made a public plea like this: "There are many eminent non-Ohristians who .turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Ohristian missionaries in this land, will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her national life."

That is the plea of non-Christian India. What answer win you give? Nowhere in the world today is the church progressing so rapidly as in India. According to the last Government census report, the total population of India had increased by 1.2%, but the Chris- tian population during the same period had increased by 22.64% and now number four and three-quarter millions.

In the A~ts of the Apostles it is related that in one day three thousand were baptized. VI/e have given that day the name of "The Day of Pentecost," the day of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. God's people and churches have been praying since then for fresh days of Pentecost, when there shall be outpourings of the Holy Spirit, but how few are rendering thanks to the Almighty for the days of Pentecost which are common today in India: During the past ten years there have been baptized, on an average, over 7,000 every month. On every Sunday an average of 1,830 have been solemnly recognized as Christian believers; and thousands have been refused even as inquirers, because there were no men to train them and no money to engage more workers. People have been knocking at the door for entrance into the Church of Ohrist and it has been shut against them. Only eighteen missionaries among one million population! God is working, but we must remember, with sadness, that the great mass_ of the middle classes are still untouched by the Gospel.

Little provision has been made to reach these non-Christians of the middle class in the large cities and towns. Vast numbers have come from the untouchables, and many highly educated men and women have been reached, but millions of people are still pagans. Thousands of villages even today have never hea~d the name of Jesus Ohrist. Thousands of men and women have never heard the Gospel. That is the condition at present in India. It is a great opportunity j God has opened wide the door. There are manifold adversaries, old false ideas, priestcraft, and caste, will all make a great fight. But God is with this work and who can shut the door that He has opened?

Some of us have been greatly distressed during the last few YtJars over the type of some missionaries sent out. India does not

need men and women from Europe and America to go to teach her people how to play billiards, nor do we need missionaries who merely tell India that Jesus Christ is one of the great teachers of the world. India has yearned for centuries ror the vision of the Great God. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God." It is a new heart that India requires, a transformation of life and character. Who can give that to India except a divine Saviour? Send us missionaries who are not ashamed of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; who are not ashamed of the Cross; men and women who are living in close personal touch with the Master; men and women who have sat at His reet. They will meet India's needs.

A Testi:mony from Japan BY REVEREND DEAN H. HATANAKA, KOBE COLLEGE, KOBE, JAPAN The Christian churches in Japan, with missionary cooperation, have placed Christ in the thinking of the Japanese people; so that today there are 4,667 Christian workers throughout the country. Some of these leaders have made a deep impression upon the hearts of the people of my country. Some are statesmen. Mr. Katoka, who served as the speaker or the Japanese Parliament for two terms, thought it a greater honor to be a deacon in his church than to be the Speaker of the Lower House.

Mr. Shimada, who died a few months ago after a rorty year political career, said: "For these forty years I have acted with a clean conscience."

Mr. Ebara, a leader of the Christians of Japan, an honored member of the Parliament for many years, was held in such high esteem that when he spoke to the House its members forgot the distinctions of political parties. When we think of these Christian statesmen who ha~e come out of our churches, having been in contact with Jesus Christ, and the impressions they made upon the people of my country, we cannot doubt that .Tesus Christ today occupies a very important position in the thinking of the .Japanese.

But our churches have not only produced many Christian workers and statesmen, they have also produced many leading scholars. In any of the leading magazines of Japan today, you will find names such as Uchigasaki, Yoshino, Abo, Morimoto, all men who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Today they are the most influential journalists in Japan. These influential Christian Japanese make an impressive exhibit of the place of Jesus Christ in the thought of Japan today.

Our churches, small and weak as they are, ha~e caught an educational ~ision for our people. Today there are twenty-one Christian boys' high schools, thirty-fi~e girls' high schools, six colleges for men and nine colleges for women in Japan. There are two hundred

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKIKG OF ASIA

and thirty-four Christian kindergartens located in almost every city of Japan. Not only have our churches caught this educational vision, but they have increased the churches until they number 1,615 besides 864 preaching places; they have raised the number of Sunday-schools to 2,820, with 8,184 Sunday-school teachers. Then they have caught the vision of bringing other men to Jesus Christ. In 1922 over 11,000 men and women united with our churches whose membership runs up to 200,000. It is reported that 400,000 people in Japan receive Christian instruction throug'h the different churches and Sundayschools. We cannot well calculate the full influence that Christ is directly exercising over the men and women of my country. But in addition, the churches are bringing Jesus Christ into contact with the natives through many philanthropic and humanitarian movements.

I think of those courageous women in Japan, Mrs. Yajima, who was at the vVashington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments; Mrs. Kubursiro, Miss Moriya and Mrs. Heyashi of Osaka. They are determined to wipe out those prostitute quarters which are found in our great ci~ies in Japan. A decree prohibiting them within the city limits of Tokyo will be wholly due to the hard work of these women, backed by the women of all our churches. I think of the many children who lost their parents during the earthquake, and of the "George Miiller" of Japan, Mr. Ishii, who, having come in contact with Jesus Christ, gave his life to work for orphans.

A third man, who caught a vision through .Jesus Christ of the abolition of the liquor traffic in Japan is Mr. Aoki, who has given most of his property for this cause and is giving himself and his time. Mr. Arima, a Christian man, is at the head of the prison in Tokyo. After the earthquake, the walls of that prison fell down but not one of the prisoners ran away. Everyone reported to him. Why~ Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of Mr. Arima, and every prisoner had come to have a profound trust in him. Of the men employed today in the social schemes of the Government, many have come out of our Christian churches. Perhaps the progress of the Japanese churches has not been as rapid as we might wish, yet during the last fifty years the Christian churches have accomplished a great deal.

Jesus Christ is also working today outside of our churches in~ Japan. In the last few years the best selling books have been the books that deal with Christ or Christianity. There are many books dealing with Christian themes, many of them written by non-Christians. The entire Sermon on the Mount has been placed in one of the High School textbooks, recognized by the Government. This textbook is used all over the country. Moreover, in four of the leading newspapers in Osaka and Tokyo, during the last two years, have been published serial novels written by non-Christian men, yet having Christian men among their chief characters. In one of them Mr.

:I

Uchimura, a well-known Christian in Japan, is the chief character. Newspaper men do not use stories of this kind if they are not sure that they will take well with their readers. Many films thrown on the screens of movies today in Japan give the stories of such books as "Quo Vadis," "Les Miserables" and the "Life of Christ." Even Buddhists show an interest in the Christ. It was my privilege to have four Buddhist priests in my church in Kyoto, Sunday after Sunday; they were earnest seekers of Jesus Christ and were ready to know more about Him.

But if all these things are true, why is it that Christianity has not won Japan¥ "Why cannot the churches make greater progress with such a deep interest in Christ everywhere ¥' , As I was leaving Japan to come to America, one of the girls in Kobe College asked me, "How can I come into contact with a vital Christ, who will give me a compelling power with others ~" She knew about the life of Jesus Christ and about Christianity as taught in Sunday-school or in church, yet she was still trying to get hold of a transforming Christ who would empower her to act in right fashion. She is typical of many Japanese young men and women today who know about Christ, but who are looking for a Saviour so real that His authority is absolute over life. Such a Christ we need today in Japan, a Christ who can control the group life and the life of the nation, as well as of individuals. Weare looking for a Christ who is not only interested in our spiritual life, but who takes interest in our business dealings, and in our social life. We are looking for a Christ who unifies, not One who is divided by denominational barriers, but One who helps us to look upon non- Christian peoples with love. We are looking for a Christ whom the Japanese can call their own and who need not be grafted upon the nation from outside. Japan today is looking for a Christ who will take her people where we are and will enter into their lives to strengthen them.

As a Christian of Japan, I think of her seventy millions, all guided by different interests. If we could prove to them, by our own personal lives, by our group life, by our efficiency as a part of Japan's national life, that Jesus Christ can control not only individuals, classes and churches, but nations, we might unify those seventy million people Wld secure their allegiance to Jesus Christ. They might work along many distinct lines, they might follow a great variety of purposes, but with full loyalty to Jesus Christ on the part of all, this would become a different world.

A Testimony from (lhina.

BY Y. Y. TSTJ, NEW YORK Secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America About two years ago I visited one of the great centers of Buddhism in North China. Above the plains of Shantung Province,

JESUS CHRIST IN THF. THINKING OF ASIA

there rises a great mountain called Taishan, six thousand feet high. Every year in the springtime, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, men and women and children, go there from all parts of China. One Sunday, at six o'clock in the morning, I reached Tai-An, the little city nestling at the foothills, and, by a coincidence, I heard bells ringing, not the temple bells, but the bells of a church calling Christians to worship. I directed my wheel-barrow man to take me to the place where the bells were ringing and there I found a little white-stone church, inside of which was a group of Christians, and at the altar a clergyman.

That afternoon, I climbed the mountain and on the top found beautiful temples, ornate equipment and comfortably robed priests. I contrasted these with the little church down in the valley amidst the dust and the smoke of a busy city, ministering to the needs of its population. The two religions presented themselves before my thought in their characteristic attitudes, one standing aloof from the world, trying to reach out after God by quiet meditation; the other, down in the valley, trying to practice the presence of God among men.

What is the objective of the missionary enterprise in China and in other non-Ohristian lands? On the mountain top I forgot entirely about the fine schools, under the auspices of mission Boards, and the hospitals, the social service work, and other forms of missionary service, and thought only of the central task of the Ohurch in Ohina as the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of the Chinese.

The Christian mission schools, in one of which I was educated, have produced leaders and statesmen who are playing a great part in the regeneration of my country. The hospitals, with their devoted doctors and nurses, are doing great work in cleaning up our towns and our bodies, in making us better able to enjoy the life God has given us. No candid observer can overlook the charitable institutions and their service performed in the name of Jesus Christ. But on that mountain top that day, with my mind's eye, I saw only the thousands of little churches and chapels scattered throughout China, and recalled the missionaries and the native pastors, ministering to the spiritual needs of my people in four important ways.

First, through Jesus Ohrist we have been led to " see the Father." Neither Buddhism nor Confucianism nor any other non-Ohristian religion has made us see God as our Father. It is only Christ that has brought Him to us in that gracious relationship. The Greek and the Hindu philosophers were seekers after God. But humankind never realized God as a l!-'ather until Christ came. Pantheism, that vague, misty system, tried to lead us to believe that everything is God. At the other extreme a crass and crude polytheism grew out of the attempt to localize God and to embody His likeness in images of stone, or wood, or clay. But when I read that passage where Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and it sufficeth us," it seems to me

that the apostle not only voiced the spiritual yearnings of his own people, but those of mankind for all ages.

Second, through Jesus Ohrist we have come to know tru:e brotherhood. Undoubtedly, the idea of human brotherhood is found more or less clearly in all religions. You find it in Buddhism, but, because Buddhism failed to spread it throughout humankind, it created a special monastic brotherhood for those who are willing to devote their lives to religion. You find the same idea expressed in. Confucianism, "under heaven one family." The special contribution of Ohristianity is not the thought of brotherhood, but rather the presentation of the source of human brotherhood. Other religions are trying to enjoy the fruit without planting the tree, but Christianity plants a tree from which we can get the fruit. As Bishop Brent said, "We cannot know the meaning of the word, 'fraternal,' unless we first know the meaning of the word 'filial.' " We can only understand the meaning of human brotherhood through our sonship in Christ. It was Ohrist alone who said, "Whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother." .

Third, Jesus Ohrist has greatly enriched the wellsprings of human sympathy. Bertrand Russell the English philosopher was asked during his visit to China to give a critical estimate of Chinese character. He replied that he had admired many things in the Ohinese people and in their culture, and that only because he had been asked would he point out three weaknesses. One of these was callousness, la.ck of sympathy, inability to appreciate suffering on the part of others. No doubt we can explain that that is mainly due to the hard struggle for existence in China. .On the other hand we might point out the beautiful spirit of helpfulness which can be found within the Ohinese clan or the family group. Yet it must be confessed that the Ohinese lack that wonderful human sympathy which is so richly developed in a truly Ohristian atmosphere. A non-Christian Ohinese scholar, a professlJr of the Government university of Peking, after a careful study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, said recently, "I have found three things in the Christian religion which Ohina needs-the spirit of sympathy, the spirit of forgiveness, and the spirit of sacrificial service." In a very striking sentence he said, 'I Only this spirit of Jesus Ohrist, only these great principles of Jesus Christ, can save us from the pit that is dark and dismal and cold into which we have fallen. " He would have agreed that most of the modern social movements iu Ohina have started out of the Ohristian motive. .

Fourth, Jesus Christ has made prayer articulate to us. There is no people in this world that does not pray. There is no religion in an human history that does not emphasize the prayer life. But the religion of Jesus Christ has fully and finally made prayer articulate.

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA

The Tibetan peasant who turns the prayer wheel as he goes to his work every morning is a praying man. Myoid grandmother, who lit the stick of incense at about four o'clock every morning and mumbled her prayer, "Namo Omitu Fu," incessantly, until the piece of incense had burnt down to its socket, was a woman of prayer. But the Christian becomes an articulately praying man. How I love to recall that incident when a group of Christ's disciples gathered around Jesus, and one of them asked Him, "Master teach us to pray." This also is a great human quest, which involves a personal relationship to God as our Father. Then from the lips of Jesus Christ came that wonderful prayer.We in China through prayer are making religion personal, and are finding God real.

The great spiritual contribution of 0hristianity to China, as Dr. Chamberlain said, is the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God in the life of man. The greatest need of my people it seems to me is to recognize God in human destiny, to feel His power in all life whether individual or corporate.

What my country needs supremely is a spiritual message. Other benefits are sure to follow the righteousness of the Kingdom of Heaven, not to precede it. China today is struggling to be reborn; she is trying to clean up her political life, to reform her social life; she is waiting for that great moral dynamic that comes only from the recognition of the sovereignty of God in the life of man and of our responsibility to Him; from knowing God as revealed in Christ, not merely as sovereign, but as our loving Heavenly Father, to whom we can pray and bring our troubles, expecting understanding and help.

When we think of the limited resources with which missionaries work and of the limited number of missionaries .sent, should we not ask ourselves whether we have apportioned our resources equitably according to the needs of the field 7 'Ve may have overemphasized the concrete undertakings, and thereby allowed to be partially overshadowed the less concrete but more vital function of the missionary enterprise, namely the meeting of the deep spiritual need of the Chinese people. When they get that, the other matters will take care of themselves.

LIFE "Life is what we are alive to. It is not length, but breadth. To be alive only to appetite, pleasure, pride, money making, and not to goodness and kindness, purity and love, history, poetry, music, flowers, stars, God and eternal hopes, it is to be all but dead.

"If men cannot believe in the Christians whom they have seen, how can they believe in the Christ whom they have not seen f"

-Maltbie D. Babcock.

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– """"""''''''' ~-.""– ONE OF THE CHAPEL CARS On the Rails with the Chapel Cars BY SAMUEL G. NEIL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Superintendent of the Chapel Car and Colportage Work of the American Baptist Publication Society which, in cooperation with The American Baptist Home Mission Society, owns and operates seven Chapel Cars-more than half the world "s supply. '.!'he first ear began opera.- tiona in May, 1891. The last car was built in 1915.

D R. WAYLAND HOYT, at one time pastor of the First Bap- tist Church in Minneapolis, was riding one day in a private car through northern Minnesota with his railroad brother, Mr. Colgate Hoyt. Suddenly Dr. Hoyt turned to his brother and said, "Colgate, have you noticed the large number of towns through which we have been passing today without a sign of a church building in them T In every town, there are ample evidences that saloons are on the job, debauching the souls and bodies of men, but there is no opportunity for their salvation. Why couldn't a car be built and fitted out to contain a combination church and parsonage, so that the missionary and his wife could live there? The car could be sidetracked in these small towns and the people invited in to hear the Gospel~"

The thought appealed to the practical railroad man and as a result he called together a few Baptist laymen in New York City and presented to them the thought of his preacher-brother. The outcome was that those half dozen Baptist laymen raised the money to build and equip the first chapel car ever put on railroad tracks, called ,'The EvangeL"

The car is a regular church and parsonage combined, as well equipped as any Pullman, with every convenience for the missionary and his wife. The chapel is furnished with a handsome brass lectern and Estey organ, and will accommodate a congregation of from ninety to one hundred and twenty-five people. Hymn-book racks are in the pews, and underneath are boxes to hold supplies of books, tracts and Bibles. Under the car are great receptacles for coal, ice, wood, etc. Some cars carry tents, so that in the summer out-door meetings may be held.

One day the chapel car" Messenger of Peace," en route from St. Louis to Kansas City over the Wabash Railroad, was side-tracked for a few hours at Carrollton, Missouri, in order to let another train pass by. At once a crowd began to gather. A tall, strapping fellow, unshaven and awkward, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and high-water 262

1924J ON THE RAILS WITH 'fHE CHAPEL CARS

trousers, stepped up and read the name of the car and then the Scripture text on the outside of the car, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature."

"Now, what sort of a car do you reckon that is ~" he remarked. "That's a church car, " said a bystander. "There is a preacher and his wife on board who live on that car all the time and hold meetings. There is a pulpit, and organ and everything for church work on board. I read about that car in the St. Louis papers."

The tall Missourian looked for a moment at the car in genuine astonishment and then cut loose.

"'VeIl, I swan! I've seen a cattle car, a hog car, a coal car, a lumber car, a furniture car, a refrigerator car, a smoking car, a bag- gage car, a passenger car, and a .

sleeping car, but I'll be blessed if I ever saw a church car like that! If that don't beat the devil!"

.Just then a. young Scotch preacher, Sam Neil, popped his head out of-the window and amid the hearty and good-natured laughter of the crowd, said: ' ,Yes, gentlemen, that's just exactly what the car was built for, to 'beat the devil,' to bring souls from the power of sin and Satan into the glorious liberty of the sons and daughters of God."

When the chapel car mission- ary desires to visit a certain tovm he sends in advance his announce- A CHAPElL CAR INTElRIOR ments, containing a photograph of the car and announcing the time of arrival and the dates for the meetings. The car is its own best advertising agent. Every ticket- agent along the line knows that the car is coming, and generally a crowd of people will be at every station to see it. When the mis- sionary arrives in a town his problem, as a rule, is not how to get the people, but what to do with all who come. Meetings are held every afternoon for children, and every night for adults. Then he begins his work of house-to-house visitation, going to every home in that town and surrounding country. As a result, in the remote sections of our frontier hundreds of churches have been organized and meeting-houses built, scattered through the 'rVest.

A chapel car going into a new town for a religious campaign solves many problems. 'Vhen an "outside" minister visits a town, the first question is, Who will entertain him1 Another question, Where win he hold his meetin~s 1 Or, Who is going to play thE}

ONE OF THE CHURCHLESS PARISHES-A LOGGING CAMP ON SUNDAY organ 7 Is there fuel enough to warm the building? Who will do the janitor work? But on board the chapel car the missionary and his wife meet these problems, for they take the parsonage along with him and the wife plays the organ. The missionary plays the part of janitor, chorister, preacher, the Sunday-school superintendent, the financier, real estate dealer, and church builder. The chapel car missionaries are also rendering a signal service forthe great army of men employed by the railroads of the West.

From the smoky, dusty railroad yards they may step into the car and find a cordial welcome in the atmosphere of the home. They may also find there up-to-date newspapers, magazines and books to read during their leisure time. Every car has its phonograph, so that at the noon hour the men are invited in to listen to a musical program. Vie found a host of men who could not come to the car in the evening' because they were on night shifts, so that a service was held, as soon as the men finished their midnight lunch. Time and time again men who had not been inside of a church for years listened to a Gospel message, sang Christian songs and many responded to the appeal.

One hot day in July a car was attached to an express train for a long journey. All day long services were held every two hours, to which the passengers were invited. Many came because they liked the singing; others because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man attended every service but no anneal seemed to move him. At the last meeting of the day he was first to respond to the invitation to take .Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or who sent you," he said to the missionary, "But I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you.

ON THE RAILS WITH THE CHAPEL CARS

ANOTHER CHURCHLESS PARISH ON THE RAILROAD-A BORDER TOWN IN ARIZONA Since she was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added '0 Jesus, please bless my papa and make him love you.' She is now eleven years old. I shaH w:ire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

In the first chapel car that was built-"Evangel"-over sixty churches have been organized. The latest report from aU the cars shows that as a result of this work from the beginning fully twentyfive thousand people have professed conversion; three hundred and ninety-eight Sunday-schools have been estab1ished; and two hundred and forty-eight churches revived, repaired, and built. This does not tell of the broken hearts healed, or the backsliders reclaimed, or of towns and communities reconstructed by the" Gospel of Good Cheer'~ that the chapel car brings.

The Rev. E. R. Hermiston, of chapel car "Grace" (No. Seven), has been greatly blessed in his work. He writes: "We spent one of the best years of our lives in the different fields in Arizona. At Yuma we had a great union revival and many converts, and all along the line we were given the warm€st kind of receptions. In some of the greatest mining-camps in the world all classes and people welcomed the car. We had successful meetings at Globe, JliIiami, Clifton, Douglas, Naca and Phoenix.

"Another wonderful country was the Imperial Valley in California. The first time the State Convention sent us down there we could see nothing but sand·dunes, cactus and jack-rabbits, and did not think a white man could live there. But since then we have been back three times, and have built churches at Holtville, EI Centro and Calexico. 'rhe' going' gets better every year. In 1920 they took ninety million dollars out of that valley. '1'hat desert can raise crops as well as dust. They raised everything, from cantaloupes to the price of the land which went from $8 to $800 an acre.

"Irrigation and reclamation have wrought miracles. We can look back now and see how many of the little struggling fields have developed until they have upon them strong, self-supporting churches.

"We were sent to Hermiston, the commercial center on an irrigation project in Eastern Oregon, and found t.he growing town was threatened with a fatal malady at its birth. The railroad divided the town physically as well as temperamentally; a real town-site fight had been started and no peace was in sight. The two factions looked across the track at. each other with jealous eyes and could agree on nothing. I preached union and told the people that we could not build the church on the railroad track nOr on both sides of it. 'You will have to hang together or hang separately,' I said. 'The only way to permanent peace, it seems to me, is to agree to disagree.' Our advice was accepted, and a ten-thousand dollar cement-block church was built, which stands today as one of the finest monuments to the chapel car work. "

After nine months of effort Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Hermiston and the good folks at Chow- chilla, California, have had re- cently the joy of dedicating a fine modern and up-to-date church building.

In February, 1921, the chapel car "Grace" pulled into town quietly and services were started and at the end of the first month a meeting was called to consider the advisa- RAILROAD MEN WHO ATrENDED MEETING bility of organizing. Dr. C. VV. Brinstad, Dr. C. H. Bancroft and other workers were called in, and the church was organized with sixty charter members. Plaus were started for a building, and after securing two lots, the gift of C. O. Robinson of Chowchilla, and a gi.ft and loan of $2,000 from the State Convention, and the subscriptions to secure an $8,000 property, the contract was let. The structure is of Moorish Mission architecture and has Sunday-school rooms, ladies' parlor, and an anditorium to seat 350. Chowchilla is a young town of 1,000 progressive American people, mostly from the eastern states. The streets are paved and there are six great highways, running out from the center. The high school is one of the best in the country and they have there a branch of the Carlton Agricultural College. 'rhe church takes its place as a leader in the growing center by calling Rev. William Matthews as pastor, and it win probably become one of the most helpful churches in that section.

The American Baptist Publication Society has also purchased from the White Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and placed in active service a new type Model 50 chassis, with a special transcontinental home touring body, to be used in missionary work among the Mexicans in California and Arizona. This car is the first of a lar~e

number of such models which will be set apart for evangelistic work along the highways of the country. An exhaustive study leads us to the conviction that the new chapel car auto will reach small out- of-the-way hamlets and towns often many miles removed from trans- portation facilities. The specially constructed, long wheel-base truck will fill a long-felt necessity. This chapel car auto has several of the most important features essential to such conditions as may arise in the performance of many miles of various road conditions. The body, specially designed by the Brown Body Corporation, of Cleve- land, Ohio, is the latest word in furnishings and equipment. A mis- sionary and his wife have everything at their convenience to make life comfortable and their work effective as they travel from place to place. It has a specially constructed roof and pullman-tight windows.

On the outside are the names of the two socie- ties cooperating in the work, and a Scripture A MONUMENT TO CHAPEL-CAR WORK passage in English; First Baptist Church, Chowchilla, California ,'The Seed is the Word of God." On the center panel of the car are the words in Spanish, "Carro Capilla Mexicano," and a Scripture verse in Spanish, "By Grace Are Ye Saved Through Faith and That Not of Your- selves." On the opposite side of the car there is another verse in Spanish-" The Wages of Sin is Death, but the Gift of God is Eternal Life Through Jesus Christ Our Lord." There is a 50-gallon fresh water tank and waste, a wardrobe and bookcase built into the frame, a couch heavily trimmed (convertible at night into a double bed) and covered with imitation leather, drawer for linen, etc., an awning over the Tear platfonn which is used for preaching, a wash room and toilet, also a three-burner gas stove, and a folding table. The rear section is so constructed as to be convertible from a bedroom during the night to a reception room during the day, and is furnished with wicker chairs and furniture. A part of the equipment is a specially constructed tent, so arranged that the rear of the chapel car auto, with its pulpit platform, can be backed into the end of the tent and become the pulpit platform inside the tent. The tent itself is 16 by 30 feet and will accommodate a congregation of about one hundred peo- ple. It is equipped with an Estey pulpit organ, collapsible chairs, a Coleman lantern lighting system, and every modern and up-to-date convenience for the work of evangelism in isolated places. A trailer

will be used for carrying the tent, chairs, etc. The car will be known as "Chapel Car Auto No.1, Crawford Memorial."· The missionary, Rev. Pablo J.

Villanueva, is a Mexican who is versed in both Spanish and English, and knows the Mexican people intimately.

An assistant will travel with him and they will visit Mexican communities.

In cooperation with the American Baptist. Home Mission Society, we have forty-seven colporter-missionaries engaged in the work of personal and house-to-house evangelism in twenty-six different States, as well as in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, and in the Central-American Republics of Nicaragua and EI Salvador.

Last year our missionaries spent 65,867 hours in visiting from house-to-house, and actually made calls upon 98,968 families.

Our missi9uaries distributed 729,558 pages of tract.s in seventeen different languages and had the joy of leading 1,569 persons to a saving knowledge of Christ as a personal Saviour. The total number of Bibles, Mr. AND MRS. HERMISTON AND REV. Testaments and Gospels distributed during SA"i~~L FqEr~I~EC~~TA~l:LE the year is 29,661, beside 13,948 other re- ligious books.

During the last five years our missionaries visited 55,375 families, distri- buted 2,322,867 pages of t.racts, and witnessed the conversion of 8,279 people.

. • The funds for its construction, as well as for Its upkeep and maintenance of the work, Were given by Mrs. Effie M. Crawford. of Santa Ana, Ca1ftornia. as a memorial to her deceased hus·band Mr. Will C. Crawtord. The car, with its complete eqUipment, cost about $9,000. '

THE NEW CHAPEL CAR AUTO FOR USE AMONG MEXICANS

ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT

The American University at Cairo BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ"; "The Apostolic Age," etc.

CAIRO is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa. This we all know; but how many of us recognize that it is the vital center of the Mohammedan world ~ ,Ve think of Mecca; but the influence of Mecca is sentimental and steadily decreasing, while that of Cairo is intellectual and gaining in strength constantly. Here is the famous school in the mosque EI-Azhar, where the Koran is the chief textbook, and the highest ambition of its thousands of students is to spread the faith of Mohammed. Here are printing and publishing houses, more than two hundred of them, steadily poumg forth Moslem literature-books, pamphlets, newspapers-to be read and treasured from Morocco to Java and China. Here is a stream of Mohammedan travellers coming from all quarters on business, pleasure and pious ends, and far outnumbering the pilgrims who flock to Mecca in the month of the Hajj. Surely, if one seeks the place where the teachings of Jesus can most widely be offered to the Moslem world, that place is Cairo.

Agencies for work with Moslems have already been established in Cairo. One is the Nile Mission Press, devoted to publishing and circulating Christian literature in Arabic, the chief vehicle of the Moslem religion, and called by the Arabs "the language of the angels." Another is The Study Center where future missionaries to Moslems receive their training in the Arabic language and in Moslem 269

thought. A third is the World Sunday School Association which has here its headquarters for work among Arabic-speaking peoples, and a fourth is the International Y. M. C. A., which has recently placed one of its ablest secretaries in Cairo, and is building up an important and far-reaching work. Other agencies, English as well as American, could well be mentioned. Latest of them all is the American University, an institution whose career, though yet brief, is remarkably full of interest and promise.

Seventy years ago the United Presbyterians began at Cairo a mission which has since extended through all of Egypt and has been MOSLEM SHEIKHS, READING IN THE LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES justly pronounced one of the most successful in any foreign land. It is known as The American Mission and has made the word American a better term in Egypt for a follower of Christ than the word Christian. For in that land Christian either means a Copt-and Moslems have good reason to despise the degradations of Coptic Christianity; or else it means simply a European, so that even a drunken frequenter of brothels may be called a Christian. This explains why the name American was chosen rather than Christian for the new University; it is less offensive to Moslem ears, and more exactly descriptive to Egyptians of the character of the institution.

The American Mission had built up an excellent system of schools, reaching from kindergartens to a college at Assiut; but still there was lacking as its capstone a school of university grade which should do in Cairo a work similar to what is being done in Constantinople by Robert College and in Beirut by the American University -formerly the Syrian Protestant College. But to found a university

'I'HE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO

is a formidable task, requiring not only men of great ability but also money in great measure, especially if its location is Cairo, a most expensive city. The United Presbyterians already had their re- sources fully taxed, and no other denomination was ready to under- take the founding. The need of such a school was unquestioned j the opening for it was evident; but by whom and how could it be brought into existence ~ The a~swer came from two strong and consecrated men, Charles R. Watson and Robert S. McClenahan, and a little band of fellow- workers and loyal donors associated with them. Dr. Watson was born in Egypt, the son of a leading mission- ary, and had been for fourteen years a secretary of the [Jnited Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. McClenahan, a trained teacher with an intimate knowledge of Egyptian life and character, was at the head of the Assiut college. These two men, finely equipped and peculiarly suited for joint work, resigned their positions to be- come, one the president and the other the dean of the proposed University. Its suc- cess thus far has been largely due to their unceasing labors. Someone recently re-'

marked, half humorously and half en- viously, "No institution has a right to the DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, • PRESIDENT services of two such men" j but no institu- tion could offer a work that either would feel more important than what he has chosen. They themselves, however, would attribute the remarkabie success of the new enterprise very largely to the band of godly men and women, some four hundred in all, who from the outset have stood pledged to undergird the University with their prayers.

The University has been as fortunate in its first home as in its leaders. In the very best section of Cairo, close by the Museum, the Parliament House, the British Residency and the American Legation, stood a prominent building whose history was most chequered. Orig- inally a pasha's palace, it had been transformed first into a tobacco factory and next into the home of a short-lived Egyptian university.

Later it became historic as the place where Roosevelt gave his vigor- ous ideas about the government of Egypt. During the war it was again used for school purposes, as many of the school buildings were taken for hospitals. It was purchased for the University at a very reasonable price; and the English officials showed their friendliness by helping to give prompt possession of it, even at some inconveni- ence. On one side of this main building are several smaller buildings which are used for the School of Oriental Studies, the college lunch- room, the students' showerbaths and lockers, and other purposes j

THE STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO .md on the other side is an open lot which serves as an athletic field. Each afternoon the sidewalk outside this field is lined with natives, old as well as young, watching with curiosity and something of perplexity as the students with zest engage in athletics-a novel sight in Egypt. For the present this property is admirably suited to the University's needs, save that there is no provision for dormitories or for teachers' residences. The boys who come from outside the city have to find lodgings wherever they can–often where temptations are deplorably great; and the American teachers have no easy task to secure comfortable houses. As the University develops and funds accumulate, the college department should have its separate and larger quarters, preferably outside the city.

When the University opened its first department, the College of Arts and Sciences, in October, 1920, three hundred young men applied for admission, of whom one hundred and forty-two were selected to form a freshman and a sophomore class. The number of the applicants was not so surprising as the social standing of the families from which many of them came. Here were two sons of governors of provinces-the highest administrative position in Egypt except that of minister in the king's cabinet. Here were three sons of mayors, and four sons of judges of the Superior Court. Pashas are next to royalty, and beys next to them: here were twenty-four sons of pashas and beys. Young men from such families are bound in a few years to occupy places of high position where they will do much in shaping the future of Egypt; and the privilege and responsibility of educating them cannot be over-estimai:ed. The proportion of youths of rank and wealth has continued to increase as the college

'1'118 AME1UCAN uNTVBRS1'!'Y AT CAiRO

itself has grown to two hundred, the llumber which at p:r:esent is about all it is prepared to receive.

Another surprise is the number of Mohammedans who have come for enrollment. They are reluctant to enter a Christian institution, and have never formed over fourteen per cent of the young men in any mission school in Egypt; but in the University more than half the boys come from Moslem homes. One of them is the son of the highest official in EI-Azhar, and another the son of a leading sheikh in Tanta, that city to which more pilgrims flock than to Mecca, and whose religious festivals are notoriously foul. A prominent family in Jerusalem has sent two boys; and even from Mecca a fine, young fellow has come. "You from Mecca!" cried the teacher who received him, "how did you learn there about the University'I" "I read of it in a Cairo newspaper which we take." " And how do you come to speak English so well?" "I was taught it by my father who learned it of a pilgrim from India." "What is your father's occupation?" "He speaks several languages, and acts as a reconciler of disputes between pilgrims." Thus in many directions and by many ways the influence of the University is reaching out into the Mohammedan world.

The desire of fathers to give their sons a Western educati0n, and their recognition of the danger of a moral collapse if the boy is sent away to a European city for it, explain this remarkably large registration of Moslem students, and the friendly interest of so many Moslem leaders. It has not been promoted by any lessening or EGYPT fAN , TURKISH, ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, ARAB, AND JEWISH STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY 3

camouflaging of the po~itive Christiall character of the school, which is in every way maintained, even though there is always a ready recognition of whatever is good in Mohammedanism. Bible study and ethics are part of the required studies throughout the four years. All students are obliged to attend the morning chapel service of Bible reading and prayer; and, be it confessed, in reverent demeanor and evident interest they are much beyond many American college men. A voluntary organization, called The Students' Union, does much the same work as a college Y. M. C. A., and furnishes opportunity for discussions-often full and free–of problems of morals and spiritual life. Probably the strongest and most helpful of all the religious influences is the daily contact of the teachers with the stUdents, which is unusually close and sympathetic, but at present, owing to the absence of dormitory life, is not as continuous as it otherwise could be.

Not long ago the king of Egypt, Fuad I, who has shown much interest in the University from its beginning, granted an audience to the president and others who wished to· tell him just what the school was doing and hoped to do. And in the conversation, which was quite prolonged, the king said, "Two things I wish you to emphasize. One is thoroughness; the present education in Egypt is largely mere memory work and very superficial; the other is character development; what Egypt needs more than anything else is men who have had the discipline and teaching that produce character and integrity. " Egyptian history, past and present, lends sad emphasis to these words; and it was a pleasure to assure the anxious king that the University is striving to do just that which he desired. Probably few of its Moslem students will become confessed Christians-the obstacles at present are almost insurmountable; but no boy can spend four years in the University without gaining a purer code of morals, new and higher ideals, and a recognition of opportunity and duty that will transform his whole after life.

The School of Oriental Studies, which is the second department of the University, was opened in 1921. Affiliating itself with the Study Center already mentioned, it took over the whole work of instructing missionaries in Arabic, and hilS each year between seventyfive and a hundred students sent by different mission boards. Moslem sheikhs conduct the daily language drill, while at the head of the school are such excellent and enthnsiastic scholars as Canon W. H. T. Gitirdner, Rev. Earl E. Elder and Rev. Arthur Jeffery. The School has a.carefully selected departmental library, and in every way is well equipp'ed for students who. wish to pursue advanced work in Oriental languages and literature.

University Extension is a third department, just beginning to be developed. Experiment has shown that large and eager audiences will attend popular lectures on science,health, education and similar SUbjects. Here is a most promising field for which one of the Amer-

i924j 'i'HE AMER1CAN UNIVERStTY A'f CAIRO

iean professors has specially prepared himself, and in which today the chief limitation is the lack of a hall large enough to hold at least a thousand persons. Such a hall stands almost first among the wants of the University. The creation of other departments should soon rome: it waits not for demands but for funds. Schools of agriculture, medicine, law, journalism, business administration, all are greatly needed in Cairo, and needed at once. Egypt suddenly finds herself an independent nation with the forces of modern civilization streaming in upon her. Her leaders must receive the Western education; and if the ChriRtian form of it is not made accessible, the non-Christian is bound to be established. The American University has done ·wonderfully well in three short vears to develop as far as its pr~sent stage. Though endorsed by several mission boards, it. has been supported almost wholly by private gi.fts, and must look to these for any future development. Just so fast as they come, the leaders of the University stand ready to go forward.

No better summary of the whole situation could be given than that made by the editor of the leading' Arabic daily paper in Cairo, himself an uncle of one of' the students, in a letter to Dr. ·Watson: "Anvone who studies the situa- GANUL-ES SAYYED MUSSALLAMI OF MECCA tion recognizes that Cairo is the center of thinking for the millions who com- A descendant of Mohammed-a student at prise the Arabic-speaking worl{]. Just the University now all that world is moving rapidly towards a renaissance: the spirit of con- tagious enquiry is abroad. Much that is traditional and false is being discarded.

What shall take its place Y I believe that you Americans can lead the way in this new era better than anyone else. I do not speak only of financial sup- port. I refer to ideals, moral and religious, social ancl economic. Our King Fouad I and every thinking citizen have repeatedly expressed their welcome to you and the University. We feel that if you Americans do not provide th~ reconstruction, it is not going to be done."

iVe have been proud that it was an American who discovered the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen and unveiled its treasures, while all the world watched and applauded. But this little group in Cairo, whose work I have tried to describe, are Americans also, unveiling to Egypt treasures of which no Pharaoh ever dreamed. Shall we not likewise be proud of them, and give them our hearty endorsement and support?

1£ I Were a Young Missionary in Korea BY YI SANG CHar The writer is one of the oldest and most honored and useful of Korean Christians. The following address is the first he has ever been induced to make to foreigners and was given to the Language School students in Seoul, consisting of abont fifty new missionaries engaged in the effort of acquiring the Korean tongue.

T HE first thing ,to do is to forget that you are Americans, who are working among Koreans, and to be fully persuaded that we are all from the same Homeland, some of us having arrived in Korea and Home in America. "Ve are to work for the glory of the Homeland.

As Christians we are one. Our Heavenly Kingdom is above any earthly boundaries. Let us, therefore, not allow pride of nationality to be a hindrance to us in performing the work of the Kingdom. Even the Heavenly Kingdom must be militant and progressive, but its purpose is not to subject and to destroy others, but rather to bring help and salvation to all. In communism, those who have not, wish to take from those who have; but in the Kingdom of God, those who have go out of their way to give to those who have not. The reason for this difference is that earthly kingdoms are age-centric while Christianity centers its aims and efforts upon God.

My first advice to young missionaries is to emulate the older missionaries who have caught this vision of service. America is powerful and large, while Korea is small and weak. Our common membership in the KingdolU of Heaven is the only common basis on which we can lUeet; because it is natural for the powerful to look down on the weak, and for the weak to feel that they are looked down upon. Even in the Church there is something of this feeling due largely, however, to misunderstanding. Ecclesiastical trouble is due to the fact that consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven does not, as yet, completely dominate the Church.

Consult the oldest missionaries; try to understand the Bible and to understand the Korean people. Put the Kingdom of Heaven first.

1924J A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST

A HIND IT VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST M ORE than nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ was . nailed upon the Cross by a Roman Governor. The orthodox Jews who instigated Pilate to commit this infamous crime, were no doubt satisfied that the great move- ment which Christ had set on foot had failed. Failed! It was Roman justice that failed; it was Jewish bigotry that failed. An empire which has ceased to heed the voice of justice and of humanity, and devotes itself to the pursuit of its own selfish interests, is like a rotten tree which awaits but the first passing blast to fall to the ground. The Roman Empire fell, and upon I' its ruins the Church of Christ rose to a great height of power. Today, though organized Christianity but feebly reflects the spirit of its Master, the personality of the Master Himself stands forth before all the world with a compelling grandeur.

Never before have so manv earnest minds of all races and creeds turned to Him for light and guidance in their perplexi- ties. The" number and insight of the new Lives of Christ are alone evidence of this fresh and deepened interest in His life and teaching. But the most impressive proof of it is that Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu, has sought in the first time in history to apply the Master's teaching to politics as the best means of raising the people of India to a consciousness of their duty to "themselves and to humanity. Mahatma Gandhi, it is true, was "buried alive" under the order of authority. But a seed which is "buried alive" does not die, but gets the opportunity with- out which it cannot fulfil its purpose.

Mahatma Gandhi's movement has made the central teaching of Christ known and cherished in quarters to which a hundred years of the propaganda of Christian Missions had not been able to penetrate. And it has presented it in a form readily assimilable to the Indian mind. Not only among Hindus but among Indian Christians also are being revealed a new meaning and a new purpose in the message of the Galilean Prophet, not antagonistic to or destructive of their precious national heritage, but setting it forth in its full intrinsic worth and value. A Hindu becomes a better Hindu, a Mahomedan a better Mahom- edan, a Parsi a better Parsi by following his own ancestral faith in the master light which Jesus lighted nineteen centuries ago. He himself spoke of His message as a leaven which operates in and through the preexisting stuff of which each nation's life is moulded. Thoughtful Christian missionaries, we are glad, are coming to realize ,the need of recasting their old methods in the new light in which Christ appears today.-'l'he Indian Social Reformer.

IN THE TRAINING SCHOOL TEACHING ILLITERATE WOM~~ N '1'0

The Awakening of Chinese Souls Stori es of lVo'lnen ,in th e Bibk Tp,achers' Training School BY MARY F. PARME:NTER, NANIGNG, CHINA O NE of my duties-nay, one of my chief joys- is to talk person- ally with new students as they enter the Bible Teachers' Training School, and to hear from them the story of their lives. In this way one gets a wonderful glimpse into Chinese life, . also into the awakening of the sonl, and God's way of wooing hearts to Himself. You are invited to sit beside me, to look into the faces illumined by Him who" is Light," and to hear a few of these stories as these Chinese women tell them with unaffected simpllcity.

A young woman, in her twenties, with a strong face and a merry eye, tells the following story of her life: "MyoId home was two days' journey north of Peking. My father and his brothers with their families lived together in the country. Father became a Christian a short time before the Boxer uprising in 1900. At that time he had one child, a little son. .He often visited his pastor's home where he saw new conditions—the girls attending school and developing into fine young womanhood. He would return home and tell mother that he hoped this next litt.le one wou1d be a girl so that he could send her to scho01 and be the father of an educated daughter. A few months 1ater I was born. This baby girl received a welcome. When two years old, there was great trouble in our country and persecution for the Christians. Father went to see the pastor to consult with him about the situation. 'While he was gone conditions became so serious that mother deemed it best to 278

THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

escape with my brother and myself. That very night father returned and slept in the home alone not knowing whither we had gone. His neighbors, fearing the consequences of having a Christian in their midst, told the Boxers of his whereabouts. Before daybreak they had murdered him. Mother was very bitter. She hated the neighbors who had betrayed father, and her heart was full of r evenge. She spent weeks making silver paper money to burn at father's grave in order that he might have sufficient money in the spirit world to take revenge on them. The pastor con- stantly visited her seeking to com- fort her and to lead her to believe on her husband's Savionr. After two years she yielded. We were farmers owning property, but after father's death his brothers, as is so often the case in my country, hegan devouring the widow's por- tion. When· mother saw her means of support diminishing, she re- quested of my uncles that they di- vide to her what was left of her share, allowing her to support her- self. This they did. So mother had to manage her own little farm, hir- jng a man to work the fields.

" As soon as we were old enough mv brother and I attended school rel:,~llarly, but there came a time when we had finished the school in our vicinity. 'Ve needed to go to Peking. How could A STUDENT mother afford this! Nothing daunted and determm~ ed to give us an The first Chinese woman in Fukien Prov· in ce to be licensed a8 a "local preacher"

education, she dismissed the farm hand and went into the fields her- self. When we came home for the long summer vacations my brother and I worked with her. In this wav we were both able to continue our education. Mother had become" a. verv ea.rnest Christian. The ladies in our church desired her to come to their Bible School to learn to read that she might become a Bible woman. Mother longed to do this, but if she left the farm we could not study. Knowing ~he cir- cumstances, I determined to go to my principal and ask her fat a scholarship in order to free my mother. It was not an easy thing to do. I prayed many days-I prayed about every detail-then went to the principal, stating the facts. She gladly consented. Mother left the farm and went to Bible School. God answered my prayers.

It was through this experience that I began to know God for myself.

"One day, later on, mother, brother and I were attending a con- ference held by the Bishop of our church. We did not sit together.

He preached on consecration-setting ourselves apart as holy unto the Lord for His service. At the close he had an altar service asking all who would make this decision to come to the altar. I went for- ward and gave myself wholly to the Lord for His service for life.

Then he asked all parents who would thus set apart their children to also kneel at the altar. Vlhen we arose from our knees imagine our delight to find that unknown to each other, mother, brother and I had all been kneeling at the same altar. Great joy filled me! From that hour there has never been a minute when I have not recognized myself as sanctified unto the Lord for His service. After graduating I taught for a time, after which God opened my way to take this training here where I am so happy and am coming to know Him so much better than ever before."

This young woman has since been graduated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, and has returned to Poking where she is doing splendid work, teaching the Bible. * *' :ji:.

In contrast to this student whose young life was disciplined by sorrow and hardship the following is the story of a girl from a large, wealthy official family. She is tall with a lithe, well-rounded, grace- ful figure, a face beautiful and expressive-reflecting the joy within -and most attractive in manner. She says: "My younger sister and I were educated in the government schools. Through the influence of Christians we were both converted and united with the Church. After graduation I was engaged to teach in a provincial girls' school. It was not until later on that I learned that my predecessor, because of the strong anti-Christian feeling of the principal, had not been engaged to return the second year. Upon my arrival at the opening of the school the principal presented me with the regulations of the institution for the faculty members. Two affected me as a Christian, so I frankly stated that I could observe all but two. Since I was a Christian I could not agree to those. It was too late to make changes so he replied, 'Well, say nothing about it!' I sought to Mve Christ in that school. One day a group of girls came to me and asked-'Why do you always look so happy, and why does your face shine soP I replied, 'Because Christ lives in my heart.'

They watched my life closely. Soon they desired to study Chris- tianity. Several of the teachers as well as many of the students pur- chased Bibles and began to study them earnestly. It was against the rules of the school to hold any religious meetings within its walls, so we gathered at a near-by mission chapel for Bible study and prayer, sometimes rising very early for this. As many as sixty enrolled their names in the Church as inquirers. I helped them to the best of

my ability, but I was only a young Christian. My knowledge of the Bible was insufficient to lead them farther than the 'first principles' of the Christian faith. I decided to leave and enter the Bible Teachers' Training School to study and thus prepare for service. The principal was uneasy because of tbis movement in his school. Letters of complaint from parents wer e annoying, hence he gladly released me. Soon after I left he called the matron and said," I want you to go to all the rooms of the girls, search for Bibles and bring them to me; I want to burn them.' The matron replied, 'I cannot do it, for I have a Bible myself and am studying Christianity.' He called a teacher and received the same response-then a second teacherbut all to no avail! .At last he commanded a servant to do it. When BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT 'l'0 PREACH IN THE Cl'l'Y she brought the Bibles he burned them. Upon hearing of this the students were incensed, and went to him with great indignation saying, 'You had no right to burn Bibles which belonged to us.' They demanded a refund of a dollar (perhaps four times the cost) for each one burned. The principal r efunded the money. "

Such was the spirit of this young woman when she entered our school. vVe found her to be an excellent student, gifted and with marked ability and spirituality. She was graduated in June.

Before leaving, this young woman said, "I have felt the call of God to go where Christ is not named, but for family reasons I cannot ·go to distant parts of my country. I have found a market town about a day's journey by boat from my home. It is my purpose to Tent a house there and with a friend of like mind, ·and an older woman to chaperone us, to open a work ourselves. I will trust God for the funds. .At first we will open a half-day school for women,

visit in the homes, and then see how God leads on. My parents have given their consent. When one of my brothers, himself not a Chris- tian, heard of my plan, he said, 'Since you have such faith and zeal, I cannot do less than to help you now and then.' "

'"

Listen to the sad story of the next woman, who was the oldest in a class of thirty that was graduated last June: "I was converted when young, married a Christian man, and became the mother of two children, a boy and a girl. I lived in Anhuei Province, but my husband taught in Nanking University. While there he was taken ill with typhoid fever which proved fatal. When the word of his death came the friends feared to tell me-the young wife who was preparing to go to him–so they called a prayermeeting and during this little service gently broke the news to me. God wonderfully sustained. I taught in a mission school in my native place for thirteen years. My little son loved to pray, sing hymns and talk about the Saviour. Although a well, strong child, he was taken suddenly ill and soon went to be with the Saviour he loved. All· that was left me was my daughter. I centered all the affection of my heart on her. ·When she had finished the grade school I gave up my position as teacher and took her to Nanking to continue her studies. I acted as Bible woman there in order to be near my daughter. Her health gave out and after a lingering illness she was taken from me. My grief was almost unbearable. The neighbors feared that I would lose my mind, but God in great mercy comforted me; Jesus healed my broken heart and filled me with joy. Now I have the wonderful privilege in this school of further preparation for service. My heart praises my Sayiour! I rejoice in Him!"

'" '" '"

The fourth young woman is one who, during' her two years with us, endeared herself to all onr hearts by her genuineness, devotion, zeal and overflowing happiness. She received her diploma in June and has gone back to preach in her own province. This is her story:- "I was the youngest child and only girl. I had nve brothers. We never heard the Gospel until my father was taking a certain journey of several days on foot. The man who carried his load was a Christian. As they travelled along together the man told father something of this new religion, but not being satisfied with his own ability to state it clearly, a few months later he brought his brother to our home to show us more perfectly the way of life. We all gathered in my little country home and listened eagerly and attentively to the gospel story-but none more so than Brother Number FivE.!. He fairly drank in the words! As he heard that Christiam had schools he asked that he might enter one and thus hear more. So with the consent of our parents these men took him to a town a few miles distant where he entered a mission school.

J924] THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

"After a few months my oldest sister-in-law became very ill. 'rhe family worshiped idols and practiced many heathen rites in order to save her life, but she died. Then Brother Number Five was brought home from school sick with the same disease. He refused to worship the idols and besought the family not to use the methods that had proven useless for the sister-in-law, but to call upon the true God. He did not die. During his long sickness I loved to sit at his bedside as he told me of .Tesus and of salvation through Him. I was converted at that bedside. I had a nephew just about my age in the home. I brought him in to hear, and he, too, accepted Christ. We three children were very happy in our newly-found Saviour, but none of the older members of the family believed at that time.

STUDENTS SELECTING MATERIAL TO USE IN THEIR EVANGELISTIC MEETtNGS "In our home was a very dear aged grandmother, greatly respected and revered by all. A few months later she passed away. According to the custom of my country she mnst have a great funeral with no end of idolatrous rites and ceremonies. When all the family reverently worshiped her as she lay in her coffin, we three children absolutely refused. This incurred the fierce anger of father. It descended more especially upon the head of Brother Number Five. Father said to him: 'You are not my son-all I ask of you is to return me the number of pounds with which yon came into the world.' This was very hard for a truly filial son to bear, but he quietly slipped a,vay and returned to his school. 'rhis left nephew and myself to stand alone. According to custom a month later all must worship at grandmother's grave. Nephew and I made ourselves scarce that day. our absence not being specially noticed. Another month came around and we tried the same plan. This time we were not so successful for

mother caught on to our ways, but when we stood true to our convictions, refusing to worship, she let us off with a severe scolding.

"Later on all the family became Christians. I was allowed to go to school. I am so grateful to God for so wonderfully saving me -a child in the country where not even the name of the Saviour had been heard-that I can but give my life to tell the Gospel to others who sit in like darkness."

* Another girl says: "I was educated in government schools, was self-sufficient, selfrighteous and hated the Christ,ian religion. I held a fine position as teacher in a government normal school with a salary which was ample to satisfy any Chinese lady. r had lost all faith in idols and did not believe in the existence of a God. Through the quiet influence of a Chinese young woman, herself an earnest Christian, a number of our students became interested in Christianity. The Principal, fearing the Board of Education who were exceedingly anti-Christian, looked to me to help counteract this influence. Christians sought in various ways to lead me into the truth, but it seemingly only aroused a spirit of animosity within me. Nevertheless I could not get away from the question-'Is there a God~' In my soul there was great unrest. One day as I was accompanying some of our students on a boat on the 'Yang-tze River, and as I beheld the beautiful landscape before me, there was revealed to my soul the existence of a Oreator- God. I knew that He was the Ohristian's God. From that day I believed in God, but not in Ohrist. I felt no need of a Saviour. I read the Bible, enjoying the portions that I thought resembled the writings of Oonfucius, but not caring for the doctrinal parts. However, the more I read the Bible the more I realized that a great deal of it had not yet entered into my life. By refusing to accept any part that I could not understand I shut myself from its most blessed teachings. I grew more and more unhappy-and to my heart there came a great yearning to know the whole truth. One day as I was reading about Peter walking on the water, Christ's rebuke to him, '0 thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubtf' was spoken by the Spirit directly to my own heart. I was deeply convicted of the sin of unbelief. I knelt and told the Lord that I would believe the Bible whether I understnod it or not. I received Christ as my Saviour. Rest, peace, joy filled my being. I soon knew that I could not remain in the government school; God called me to spread abroad the knowledge of Him to my own people."

It is not strange that the Spirit of God marvelously opened up His Holy Word to one who had promised to believe before she understood. During the five years since her conversion she has borne much fruit. She is teaching in a Bible School, is greatly used in evangelistic work, and is one of the editorial staff of a helpful and

'!'HE AWAk:8NJNG 0]' CHINES:8 SOULS

splendid magazine published by a small company 1)f consecrated Chinese-pastors and teachers-who are seeking to build up the Chinese Church. **"

We can only tell one more of these soul histories. It is a wonderful story of a girl of rare beauty, with clear' olive skin, and a sweet, lady-like beariug. She says: "My father is an official in Chekiang Province. Mother died when I was very young leaving two children. Father married again. I studied in my own home but afterwards was sent to a mission school for girls. While there I confessed Christ and united with the Church without consulting with my parents for I knew they would not give their permission. Of course they learned of it, and the consequence was that I was not permitted to return to school at the close of the next vacation, but had their permission to attend Church on Sundays. Later on Miss Dora Yii came to hold a series of meetings. As she preached Christ crucified I was' deeply convicted of sin and made a full confession. Previous to this time I had loved Christ for the beauty of His character and life, but had not realized that He had died for my sin. How I loved Him as I saw Him crucified' for me! I resolved to live Christ in mv home and shine for Him as I h'a.tt not done before. , With this change there began bitter per- secution. I was forbidden to attend Church. I spent Sundays alone in my room studying the Bible and praying. Moreover father decided to betroth me. He chose a good young man from a fine family, but since he was a heathen, I would not give my consent. This greatly grieved my father who loved me deeply. He considered me unfilial. This was hard to bear. When he found that I was not moved he sent for brother to come home to persuade me. Brother said, 'Sister, I know something of the Christian religion. It is right for you to worship God with your spirit for He gave it, it belongs to Him, but your body belongs to your parents who gave it to you, and you ought to obey your parents with your body. Our parents are distressed over your disobedience.' As he presented this argument in a moment of weakness I yielded and consented to the betrothal. In a few days all were making preparations for a grand heathen wedding. My heart sank within me. I could not bear it! 'l'here was left to me bu't one resource-God! I made my prayer unto Him; I besought Him to work out my deliverance. Through family matters in the home of my fiance God wonderfully intervened. My wedding was postponed that spring and again in the fall.

Then God began to speak to me about preaching. He spoke first through Acts 6: 14. 'We will give ourselves continually to prayer and the ministry of the Word.' As His call became clear I knew I must have preparation, so I asked my stepmother if I might go to the Nanking Bible Teachers Training School. She not only refused but was very angry. The way seemed closed. The Lord

spoke again through Gal. 1: 15, 16. '1 conferred not with flesh and blood.' Also through Heb. 11: 8, 'By faith Abraham ….. went out, not knowing whither he went.' As I prayed I felt that I was to leave home and go to school without the permission of my parents. 1 arose very early one morning, and leaving a letter for father in which I thanked him for all he had been to me, told him of my call and purpose, saying I must obey God, 1, too, went out not knowing whither I was going. I did not even know the ,'lay to the station, but in the court 1 met a servant who took me without question. I went to the home of a missionary friend, but the next train brought a servant with a message from father ordering me home. 1 felt that 1 must obey but two Christian friends went with me. Father was very angry and utterly refused to allow me to attend Bible School. vVe three decided to go to our knees and remain there until he yielded. Finally he consented for me to return with my friends with the promise that if my fiance gave his consent for me to go to Nanking he would withdraw his objections. 'Within a short time my fiance heartily agreed. I made all arrangements to go, but my father would not allow me to leave the house. He even offered to send me abroad to study if 1 would abandon my purpose to go to Bible School, but 1 was not moved. The call of God was upon me. Again my only resource was God. I decided to fast and pray until father gave permission. 'When this news reached brother he speedily came home, this time to persuade my father! He said to father, 'While sister's going to Nanking is the same as burying her, yet if she is kept at home it will also mean her burial.' Father was thus persuaded. No daughter of his should be helped by mission funds, so he agreed to pay all expenses. I took the train for Nauking escorted by brother and uncle! On the train brother said to me, 'Sister, as 1 see how you have suffered, and have come out from home with only these '-pointing to my one trunk and roll of bedding, -'how you have given up wealth and all the worldly advantages that were yours, in order to follow Christ-I am convinced that the Christian religion must be true!"

This young woman has "gro,vll in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." She was a power for God in the school, giving abundant evidence by life, words and works that she was truly called by Him. She was graduated in January, 1923. A month later she was mightily used in leading a great revival in a large city, at which time many Christians were quickened and blessed, and many were converted. She received invitations to conduct similar services in other places, but felt the call of God to go 110me to seek to lead her family to Christ. Word has already been received .of the conversion of her stepmother who had hitherto most bitterly persecuted her. Her heart is truly filled with a love for souls and a passion to win them to Christ.

Indians in Bolivia and

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA.recent inclusive trip of some eight months through the re- publics of South America gave a renewed opportunity for the study of the condition of the Indian tribes, especially in the far interior of Peru and Bolivia.

The work being done by the evangelical churches of the United States, on behalf of these simple children of the soil, is slight in extent, but many indications reveal an unusual opportunity for advance. 'l'wo situations that were specially noted are to be mentioned in this article.

The Seventh Day Adventists carryon a work among the Indians who live on the borders of Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia and Peru. In a large district, where no other evangelical body has as yet planted its work, this society has built up one of the best instances of constructive missionary education for the aboriginal population that can be found in South America.

Lake Titicaca lies up in the high Andes, at an altitude of almost 12,500 feet above the sea, and its waters are always near the freezing point. The entire region round about is bare and cold and cheerless. Yet this immedate district is the center of two or three millions of Indians who are the descendants of the once powerful races over which the Inca chieftains ruled until the coming of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Many of these Indians have been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and by it are claimed as loyal children; yet it is but a baptized paganism which has come to them and in times of stress and doubt the simple heart of the native turns to bis pagan divinities and he bows down and worships them. One who has traversed these bleak upland plains cllnnot wonder that the Indian, from time immemorial, has looked upon the sun as his god and that even yet, in spite of a veneer of Christian teaching, he considers it his principal deity.

The Adventist missionaries have undertaken a work in this I'egion that has already done much for the material and spiritual uplift of the Indian population. This work is divided into the usual educational, medical and evangelistic departments, but this short statement can treat of the first only.

The latest statistics state that seventy-eight schools have now been established, with a total registration of 3,700 pupils. The majority of the teachers in these schools are Indians who have been trained under missionary direction, and Qne whiteman to every ten or twelve natives acts as instructor and superintendent. The build- 287

ings are of the most primitive and simple construction and in most cases have been erected by the pupils themselves, who have thus learned practically something of the art of building. In one case, ,yhen labor was lacking, sixty-five teachers who had gathered at .fuliaca, on the borders of Lake Titicaca, to attend a normal institute, undertook the work themselves and carried the construction of the building to completion.

In these schools, in addition to the instruction in ordinary branches and in the Bible, much stress is laid on industrial training, and carpentry, black-smithing and farming are taught in a practical manner, under trained teachers. The whole region is being helped and government officials who are familiar with the situation are loud in their praises of the work that is being done. Recognizing that the lndian has had much of mystic teaching from the dominant church of the country, which has done little for his uplift and which is generally beyond the comprehension of his childlike mind, which has been further deadened by the use of coca leaves and the lack of sufficient food and clothing, the missionaries have endeavored to give him that industrial training which will benefit him physically and materially, but have not omitted the instruction which has to do with the soul.

One worker of this mission has now gone down into central Peru, a tropical region which is peopled by savage tribes who fear the white man and, as a rule, lose no opportunity to attack him, and has opened his work on the banks of the Perene River. One baptism is reported and the missionary, who is a physician, :finds a ready response to his efforts.

A second situation to which reference may be made is that which exists in the region contiguous to the ancient city of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the center of the Incan Empire and is distant a day's journey in train from Lake Titicaca, and the work already referred to.

The Indians in this region, who have been unusually exploited by both priests and politicians, are now openly declaring that they are done with Christianity as they have known it and are determined to return to their primitive pagan beliefs and practices. Some of them have heard of evangelical Christianity and have sought to obtain teachers and preachers, but in vain. The missionaries of the Evangelical Union of South America, which is a British society, have a small but very efficient hospital and clinic in Cuzco and an industrial farm at a near-by point. Yet they are unable to answer the calls that come to them from the great region round about and unless they are reenforced or help comes to them from another source, it is altogether probable that in the next few years we shall have to witness a wholesale lapse of the Indian popUlation into its pagan practices. The frontispiece photograph shows a group of 108 Indian chiefs, each of whom is the representative of a village or small tribe, who came more than a year ago in a body to solicit

JA..1VlES 1. GOOD~ENLARGER OF THE I<INGDOM

help from the missionaries in Cuzco. They stated that they could get no protection from the Government against either the priests or the local politicians and, as a last hope, they had come to the evangelical missionaries. Here again they were turned away, since no workers were available to meet their l'equest for teachers and preachers who might instruct them, and they went disconsolately back to their villages and little farms with the message to their people that from no source could help be secured. Unfriended, helpless, exploited, they must watch the daily encroachment of the white man on their ancient domain; the increasing arrogance and neglect of the official church from which they had hoped to secure redress, and they are doomed to go down into the darkness of death with no adequate knowledge of that Christ of Whom they have but vaguely heard.

When will the evangelical churches of the United States awaken to an appreciation of their responsibility for these millions of fellow Americans who are as utterly pagan and as distressingly needyphysically, intellectually and spiritually-as the lowest and most llIiserable of the peoples of Asia or Africa?

James I. Good-Enlarger of the Kingdom BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

N Oone can estimate what the death of Dr. James T. Good, Pres- ident of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, means in loss to the Church and to the cause of missions. For thirty-one years this man of God stood in the forefront of our missionary work. His was a unique entrance into the circle of our Board of Foreign Missions. He had not served any apprenticeship as a member of the Board, but at its very first meeting, after his election by the General Synod in the year 1893, we chose him as our president. And what a wealth of faith, wisdom, patience, devotion and zeal he brought to his high and sacred position in the Church of his Fathers! His soul was all aflame with the sublime passion of winning the world to Christ.

His sudden death in Philadelphia on January 22d, has cast a cloud of sorrow' over a wide circle of Christian fellowship. This was brought out in the addresses at the funeral services and in the many messages of sympathy. He was a minister of the Reformed Church, but the ministries of his long career and his broad catholic spirit were spent in binding together and strengthening the churches whose doctrines, worship and government were alike. He was especially active in the American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches. In this "relation he became deeply interested, during the past five years, in a self-sacrificing ministry to the stricken pastors 14

and people of the Reformed family in war-smitten Europe. Only the recording angel in Heaven can tell of his unceasing labors in gathering funds and clothing for the needy and bringing comfort and joy by letters of sympathy and by personal visitations to Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and other devastated countries. The name and influence of Dr. Good today is as great, if not greater, in Europe than in our own country.

James Isaac Good was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1850, the son of Rev. William A. and Susan B. (Eckert) Good. He spent his youthful days in Reading, Pennsylvania, where his father was principal of a select school for girls, pastor of several congregations. in the vicinity, and the first superintendent of the Common Schools in Berks County. The son was a graduate of Lafayette College, 1872, and of Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed by Lebanon Classis of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in 1875 and held pastorates in Heidelberg Church, York, Pennsylvania, 1875-7; Heidelberg Ohurch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1877-90; and Calvary Ohurch, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1890-1905.

In connection with his last pastorate, he served as professor of Church History, Dogmatics and Practical Theology and Dean of Ursinus School of Theology. Upon the union of Ursinus School of Theology and Heidelberg Theological Seminary under the title of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, he became professor of Reformed Church History and Liturgics, 1907-24. He was Pres- ident of the General Synod of the Reformed Ohurch in the U. S.

1911-14, American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, Vice-President of the World Alliance of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, and honorary member of the Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania. He was President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 1893-1924.

He was a prolific author and a frequent traveller to Europe. His contributions to the historical literature of the Reformed Ohurch will make his influence a perpetual presence in the minds and hearts of our pastors and people. The primary object of his many visits to Europe was always in search of new treasures to enrich the history of the Church of his Fathers. On account of these labors of love. he has made all the churches with Reformed ancestry heavy debtors. His intense interest in the historv and doctrines of the Church of the Reformation made him zealou~ in helping young men to prepare for the Christian,ministry. Hundreds of pastors are now serving in our own and other churches, due to his liberal contributions. Truly, he was a recruiting servant of Christ and deserves the title "Enlarger of the Kingdom."

Doors in Latin

BY H. AND S. B. STRACHAN Organizer of the Latin America Evangelization Campaigrr T HE majority of the ninety million people of Latin America .are still practically unevangelized, for they are still without an adequate knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. The present missionary forces are pitifully inadequate to the great task of evangelizing these masses. For example, in Colombia there is only one Evangelical missionary to 225,000 people. Of the total missionary force of thirty men and women, twenty-two are concentrated in three large centres, with a population of 250,000. It is a physical impossibility for a man to evangelize hundreds of thouf-ands of people, scattered over an immense district, with a mule as the only means of transport. Even where work is fairly well manned only a small fractie)ll of the people is being reached, largely because of the prejudice fostered by the priests against what they term a foreign and heretical religion. The growing atheism in Latin America and the gross superstitions of the masses are both antagonistic to the progress of Christianity.

Our recent missionary trip of one year through the greater part of Latin America was undertaken with a view to making a survey of the situation and of planning an evangelistic campaign among these unreached millions. We travelled over 30,000 miles in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. We had abundant opportunity to see the situation at first hRlld both in occupied and in unoccupied territory. The mission stations, widely scattered, are but pin points of light in the vast darkness which covers the continent from Mexico to the Magellan Straits and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Noone who has seen conditions in Latin America will contend that Romanism offers adequate light to relieve that darkness for both in doctrine and in practice it denies fundamental truths of the Christian religion. r1'he moral, spiritual and intellectual inheritance of the Latin American peoples from four centuries of Romanism is conclusive evidence that her light has not dispelled the darkness.

The problem of the evangelization of Latin America has never been handled in any adequate way. After what has been called" an experiment" of from fifty to seventy years, the evangelical membership of all denominations is only a little over one hundred thousand. The work has been too great for the missionary forces employed even jf the resources at their command had been more adequate to the task imposed upon them. Take for example, the six Central American republics which have an estimated popUlation of 6,000,000 that pres- 291

ent today a harvest field ready for the reaping. Guatemala has over two millions of that total with about fifty missionaries, men and women, or, one missionary to every 34,000 people. The remaining four million Central Americans have one missionary to every one hundred thousand. The whole situation from the point of view of adequate occupation of the field is tragic. Moreover the fact is that as a rule the missionaries grouped in certain areas, so that large territories, with hundreds of thousands of souls, are entirely unreached.

Everywhere the doors are wide open to Christian workers. The intelligent classes repudiate the superstitions of Rome, but they have nothing to take its place. The poorer people gladly hear the Gospel when they have the opportunity. People who will not under any circumstances go to the ordinary mission hall or church, will come to places unassociated with religion, to some neutral ground, as for example, tents, theatres, working men's hall, the public plazas, etc. In such places the message will have an unprejudiced hearing. Evidence of this was seen at Barranquilla in Colombia (the most fanatical of all the ;Latin republics) where the special meetings were inaugurated by a meeting in an open air theatre, the first ever held in Barranquilla. Despite the fact that there was only one day in which io organize the meeting and make announcement of it, a crowd of over five hundred people came. The majority of them had not heard the Gospel before, but the order and interest were all that could be desired. Many of the same people attended the services in the church on succeeding nights and a number manifested their desire to accept Christ their Saviour.

This experience was repeated in other cities and it was invariably found that after once hearing the Gospel, there was no difficulty in getting people into a mission hall. In one city where a union service on the Sunday morning attracted some twenty people to the preaching ball, a meeting in the public plaza that same afternoon, (the first that had ever been held in that city), had the effect of crowding the place to its utmost capacity to hear the simple presentation of Christ as the All-sufficient Saviour who not only died to save men from the penalty of their sin, but who lives to save them from its power.

Surely the time has come when some serious and adequate attempt should be made to preach the Gospel to these multitudes and the missionaries are practically unanimous in the opinion that the time is fully ripe for a campaign of aggressive evangelism on a large scale. Some such movement is the only solution of the problem of evangelizing the unreached millions of the American continent.

As a result of the survey trip above referred to we have been led to organize the Latin A.merican Evangelization Campaign, which, as its name indicates, undertakes to carry out such campaigns of evangelism throughout Latin America.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHlA., PA.

MISSIONS IN THE COUNTRY CHURCHES A statement issued by Roger Babson, wizard of statistics, brings the information that a study of two hundred of the greatest business con- cerns of America reveals the fact that 300/0 of them were made successful by sons of ministers. A large majority of the thirty per cent were sons of poor country preachers. If a similar study of great missionaries and supporters of mission work were made it would likely reveal the fact that more than 50% of them came from the farm and the little country church.

See the lad lying amongst the braeberries upon the bank of a stream that flowed close by his father's Highland cottage, nestled beneath the shadow of the Grampians. It was there in the open country that Alex- ander Duil', farmer's son, dreamed his dream and saw his golden chariot drawn by horses of fire and heard the voice that bade him "Come up hit.her; I have work for thee to do."

Turn your eyes to a farm in Canada. See a group o:f boys splitting large rocks for the :foundation of a barn. Note the sturdy little :fellow who, after the others are ready to quit, insists that" the big one" yet left be split before they go in, and with enthusiasm leads oil' into the woods to bring in more logs and brush to burn around the great stone for the rock-splitting process. Here in the open country George Leslie Mackay formed the purpose which led him to Formosa, to break the seemingly unbreakable rock of the island's heathenism.

Look down the line and see a little Pennsylvania girl, dressed most properly in her Sunday clothes, walking dOlVn the road from her father's big white house to the little rural church for a Sunday afternoon mis- sionary meeting, which was to be addressed by a returned missionary. TJook again thirty years later to South India and see the Kaiser-a-Hind medal awarded by the British Government to Dr. Anna S. Kugler for distinguished service.

A barefoot country boy has learned his lesson o:f stewardship so well that he takes a penny out of his dime and gives it to missions and then puts another penny in the basket, for his offering. A few years pass and a business man of New York says to his pastor, "Count on me for $250 more this year for the Lord's work. I've had a $2,500 inerease in salary and I'll add a thank-offering above that for some speeial work."

Many chapters of the history of missionary achievement have their beginning on the farm or in the rural church.

THE AUTOMOBILE Al'I'D MISSIONS There are yet missionary leaders who Years seem to be required to lift us pray the Lord to open the doors to out of ruts of thinking and talking. the non-Christian world because their 293

fathers and mothers so prayed, all un- directions for decorations says" arti- conscious of the fact that the doors are ficial palm branches may be made now open. by-" is but one instance of failure So it is that we still talk about the to adapt plans to the terms of one's impossibility of getting together for a own resources.

missionary meeting in a country Do not discard a method of work as church. .As a matter of fact almost impractical until you have studied every farmer has an automobile, or a r,arefully the possibility of adapting it.

horse and buggy. The farmers' wives MISSION STUDY IN THE COUNTRY and the farmers' daughters are learning to drive the automobiles. Fortu- CHURCH nately the farmer doesn't have to have the automobile to plow or harrow. A young college student became The work on the farm doesn't have to greatly interested in Mission Study. stop if his wife or daughter takes the Such a thing as a Mission Study Class car to go to a missionary meeting. had never been thought of in the Along the way automobile-less neigh- country church from which he came. bors may be picked up. An ever-in- For months the pUlpit of that church creasing mileage of good .roads is had been vacant, as it frequently was, helping to make possible larger as- due to ever recurring dissensions and semblages in the rural community. divisions. The student was not an es- We need to readjust our thinking and pecially brilliant man. He was rather to test our .reasons and see whether slow of speech. No whirlwind camthey are merely perennial excuses. paign would have considered him, but he had conviction, determination, per- A field worker who has spent recent sistence and faith. He was convinced months in work among rural churches that the doors of his church should says. "I am convinced that the impos- not remain closed simply because there sibility of getting together for a mi,,- was no pastor,and that at least the sionary meeting in a country church young people might meet together for is an attitude of mind handed down mission study and worship. He defrom one generation to another." termined that he would help to ar- range for such meetings. He met all Let us make new plans with new rlifficulties with persistence and faith. conditions-good roads, automobiles, Each Sundav he went back home from telephones, radio before us. college for the Mission Study at the ADOPT, ADAPT, ADEPT country church. A program of wor- Some one has said that the three ship was planned in connection with words whieh explain the marvelous the study. Soon almost the entire con- growth of Japan's power and influ- gregation was in attendance. The ence, since that nation began to adopt little group that was really doing the western ways of thought, are adopt, study work made plans for presenting adapt, adept. the chapters in different ways to en- Leaders in rural churches may be list the interest of all the people.

similarly adept in adopting and adap- The closin~ day of the study came ting the various methods used success- and with it plans for an all-day moot- fully in city and town churches. ing with "dinner on the grounds."

Sometimes the substitution of a Two missionary leaders were invited candle for an electric light, or the to be present~one to speak in the flowers and ferns of the mountains mornin/! and the other in the after- for those of the hothouse is an advan- noon. It semed that the time had tap:e rather than a disadvantage. come to give an opportunitv :for the ex- The tragedy of making artificial pression of impressions. The mission- palms for pageant decoration in a llr~' gifts of that congregation'had been land.of waving palm trees with a veri- n(,gligible. The chief effort heretofore table wilderness of natural branches had been expended in protestations an around, simply because the printed that the assessment or apportionment

1924J BEST METHODS

for missions was entirely too high. to the other side of the world and others who would be missionaries and Deficits were always to be expected. missionary work.ers at home.

The young student prayed and Another school teacher who had a delightful village home with a lawn planned that the support of a native shaded by great trees invited a group of teen age girls to spend an hour with pastor in Japan might result from this her on her porch or lawn every Sun- day afternoon for eight weeks. The class. In advance of the meeting he invitation was eagerly accepted and under the trees during the summer prepared a calendar chart showing months a group of eight girls studied 365 days. ~~t the morning meeting, " Comrades in Service."

following an inspiring address, a state- ment was made about the need for native pastors. The cost of support for such a pastor' was announced as $1.25 a day. Different individuals as- sumed a day or a week. The student THERE IS SOMETHING IN A NAME who was living most economically to help himself through college pledged A new school teacher moved into a a month's support. Soon the entire rural community. She didn't move in amount was assumed. A new day as a revolutionist. People scarcely dawned for that church. Instead of realized that she was making changes trying "t.o get out of" paying an as- until they were made.

sessment levied tbo'vgetht eindteon"otmheinpartiiovin~ The boys and girls who lived in the effort was" scattered farm houses stretched out lege of assuming a share in the work along the five miles between the coun- in which they were interested. try schoolhouse and the church in the In another community a school little, village, said it was absolutely teacher in a mountain district decided impossible to walk to the church for ~hc would have a Mission Study Class the monthly missionary meeting, but for boys and girls. She had attended everyone was enthusiastic when the a Summer Conference and had become teacher proposea a Saturday hike with very enthusiastic over Mission Study knapsacks and provisions for an out- possibilitie,:;. To keep the enthusiasm door meal along the way. The teach- aglow back in her lonely mountain er with the boys and girls nearest the district was a difficult task. No one schoolhouse started out in the morn- there knew anything of missions or ing and were joined by other eager mission study. The children came boys and girls from t.he various farm from remote ·sections. There seemed honses along the way. By a spring no chance for a snecial assembla!1'e on the outskirts of the villagc they after they had once /rone home. To fried bacon, scrambled eggs and roast- popularize "staving in aft.er school" ed potatoes. At two o'clock they were seem<'d an impossible task. but !'the ac- at the church ready for the missionary complished it. Sbe announced that meeting. A walk would have heen evel'V one who wOllld stay after school tiresome. A hike was a treat. Once could be in the Mission StudY Class. a month when the weather was good and learn Rbout pl10ple who lived on thev were ready for a similar hike the other side or the world. Most of with three Saturdays each month left the boys and girls did not know anv- for other things. '

thing- about the Deople who lived on RECRUITING GROUNDS the other fide oi' the mountain even. The great search today in all im- portant enterprises is the search f01· Thev were soon fascinatf'd with the men. Some- time al<o Charles M. Schwab announced that the onl;v quesother side of the world. Pel'Severin!>'- tion to be considered bv his company in openinlt a new plant was-men. lv the tell.~her kent at her ilifiicult tllsk Sites. be said. are always to be had. Money can always be m'ade available. with faith to believe that Rome dav there would come from her clear-eyed boys and l!ir1.~ of the mountains. men and women who would themselves go

The real question is, ean the men be The church was filled to the doors found to make the plant successfulT with men and women and a few small In both home and foreign mission children. On the front seat at every enterprises also the real question is session there sat a little boy with keen -men. Given the right sort of men brown eyes. He seemed never to tire and they will lay hold of all the re- of the discussions or the addresses.

sources of God and of their fellowmen. When pictures and curios of other The best recruiting ground for mis- lands were displayed he was all eager sionary leadership is the country attention. During the announcements church. We do well to study especially of missionary literature he noted es- recruiting methodB ill the light of con- pecially one book for sale and left the ditions in the country church. ehurch to go to his home near by to PLANNING MISSIONARY ITINERARIES. empty his savings bank to get money to buy that book. The visit of a returned missionary to New York or Chicago or San Fran- Today a careful review of that concisco is not a matter to excite general gregation reveals not a single man or comment or interest. Missionaries woman whose life was known to have of distination have even been known been greatly changed by that meetto speak in these and other great cities ing, but that one boy has given his to almost empty pews. life to Christian service and is now a pastor and missionary leader of in- The coming of a returned mission- fluence. ary to a rurlll communi.ty is an entire- Iv different matter. The fact that A SUBSTITUTE MEETING. Have you ~isits from missionaries are rare adds ever tried a substitute meeting? Inimportance to the occasion. The stead of missionaries from various event is discussed before and after it~ lands, appoint substitutes to represent occurrence. There are seldom any them. Make a team of substitute miHvacant seats. Ther<! are among us sionaries as speakers. Mrs. A. is as~ those who will never forget the day 011 signed to represent some missionary which the first foreign missionary we from Africa, Mrs. B. may be a we;lhad ever seen came to our little rural known doctor of China and so on. church and challenged us to lift np Speakers are expected to study the our eyes and look upon some countr.'~ work most carefully and to be able to that had previously had no place in nre&ent it from the standpoint of the missionaries whom they represent. the world of our interest. Such a team of speakers may go to Do not leave out the country church several churches for a series of meet- ing-s. Attractive announcements and when you plan missionary itineraries. invitations may be made stating the It may not be possible to have mis- universal desire to have certain wellsionaries or secretaries visit each known missionaries present, and the church. Often members from the faet that they will be represented by churches of an entire county may be substitutes, who will present their gathered for an all-day meeting. work. Frequently a grou'!) of churches may join in such a meeting. Sometimes a On the program announce: missionary rally for boys and' girls of :MiRS Blank-substituting for Dr. Ida a rural community may be arranged. Scudder. Often the most lasting as well as the Mr. Blank-substituting for Sam Higgin· most far-reaching influence or a mis- bottom, etc.

sionary visit is with the boys alid girls. COUNTY OR COMMUNITY CON- In a little country church in the TESTS south, twenty years ago, a missionary day was arranged as part of a synod '8 MISSIONARY EXHmITS AT THE COUN- program. No one had thought in TY FAIR. Some counties have fairs terms of the children oj' the com- that are creditable, and worth while.

munity. They may be made more worth while

BEST MEl'HODS

by the presentation of exhibits by to do so, donating a book on each various missionary agencies. Posters, birthday. eharb, and maps, giving interesting facts should be displayed. A large The books, of course, should be map of the world with a small electric chosen or approved by a committee light, or a flag placed to show the sta- in order to make a well balanced lition of each worker from the county brary. or community, who has gone into missionary service, is valuable. Pictures Often there are individuals who will of the work being done, and booths of donate missionary books to the Sun- different lands showing curios and ob- day-school library if some one will jects illustrative of life and customs keep them informed from time to time add greatly to such an exhibit. Poster of the new books that should be addcontests should be announced before- ed. There are almost no country hand in various periodicals and churches that have really worthwhile churches. missionary libraries, yet here lies pos- sibility for influencing lives in a way A Cmmty Missionary Reunion. A that can scarcely be overestimated. number of counties and communities have held successful reunions, most of A pastor of a rich city church said which have been in the form of a sum- rec~ntly, "We are very much limited mer pilmic with addresses in a park, in our outlook. There are only a few picnic ground or an auditorium. children in our entire congregation."

Special features may be: Why not invest in futures-in the boys and girls in some country con- 1. Missionary music led by a good gregation that has no adequate library director. by supplying them with worth-while booksf 2. Presentation of missionaries and addresses. MISsroNARY PERIODICALS. "I should like to give Everyla,nd to a large num- 3. A pageant or a,number of short ber of boys and girls in mountain dis- dramatizations. tricts, " said a woman in a School of II'Iissions. What an opportunity for 4. A missionary story telling or dec- service! A magazine in the name of a lamation contest. There may be spe- child who receives little mail means cial missionary games and stories for every word read eagerly. In thinking groups of children. of the children who will playa large part in the world's future, think not The preliminary contests may be only of those who are in homes of carried on all the year. A story con- we~Ith and power, but of Mr. Bab- test, for instance, may be held in each son's ·statistics on the obscure origin local church with the understanding of men of great affairs. that the winners may enter. for the county or community finals. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD should have a far larger circu- MISSIONARY LITERATURE IN THE lation in rural communities. At a convention attended largely by dele- COUNTRY CHURCH gates from country churches, there was a feeling of "no use trying to If a missionary library is essential take subscriptions to the REVIEW here. in a city with large public libraries Country people will not subscribe." near at hand, it is doubly necessary in However, sample copies were dis- the rural community. Each church played, an announcement made and may have its own books or there may almost thirty subscriptions received. be a community missionary library. If a thorough systematic effort were made to circulate the REVIEW in rural One library was started by each churches, a liberal course in mission- member of a society donating one ary education would result. . book. The books thus obtained were circulated among all the members. A Do NOT OVERLOOK: THE COUNTY Birthday Library may be maintained by each member, or as many as care

PAPER. Almost unrecognized and un- ally disappear; if the people do not used as a missionary possibility has want jazz music, it will be discarded; been the county paper, yet it is doubt- if the people do want magazine seC- ful whether any other periodical has tions they will be added; if the peo- a higher ·average of circulation, in a ple do want grand opera it will community and a more thorough and replace the jazz orchestra-that is, if interested reading. Certainly few the people will say so. editors are 80 easy of access as are the editors of county papers, and few If a sufficient number of consumers columns so open to the people as are say that they would like to have at a the columns of these weekly sheets. certain hour each week a missionary address on a certain subject, the pro- Each denomination should have a ducers are likely to arrange for that publicity representative. These rep- address. resentatives of the evangelical chu,rch- es of the community may form a Is there an almost undreamed-of publicity committee. possibility here ~ In the coming year all the churches of America will be To the bare notices of meetings, studying the various races and China. items of larger meaning may be added. Cannot arrangements be made that a Is a Thank-offering meeting to be an- course of radio lectures be given dur- nounced T Add to it the total amount ing the periods in which the largest of the Thank-offering of the society or number of classes are to be held? An- church last year; tell what the entire nouncement could be made long denomination gave as a Thank-offer- enough in advance so that in the most ing; comment upon the work accom- isolated country home equipped with plished by the Thank:offering-a radio, the lectures could be heard. hospital built in India, a school maintained in China, homes established in Every Hour oftheU many lands. Is there to be a Mission Study Class begun or concluded? Use Somewhere' the opportunity to give publicity to Your Church some of the most interesting facts pre- is sented. The study of each chapter of "The Debt Eternal" as presented 'W'hM:pan~ ,.o..a p,. lO ha~ "'" with special reference to community conditions would furnish interesting ,_ ~ ' $I(I~ mmure-.$600 an items for publication. b.,ur…,.u M:CdoJ to kt'r tbt W~ During the course of a year a num- WOl'k oftN~ ~ ber of missionaries may visit various churches. Invite the editor to dine ~ IMJ.B " – N'I J~4· TMa.C" » Ma,t with them as they come and go, or a ~minlow"'»,~ ~ . have the missionaries call on the editor. If in addition to the information which the editor may glean in an interview the missionary hands him a sheet on which he has written some of the important facts about his mission, world condition:;; and international relationship8, there is yet a larger possibility of better space and more accurate statements.

WHAT DOES RADIO OFFER? .A POST ER OJ' THF; C ONGREGATIONAL C H URCH ES, EXHlJ3ITED AT THE I NDIANAPOLI S CONVE~TION "What the people want" is the deciding factor in what business concerns offer. If the people do not want colored supplements they will eventu-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COOPERATION IN STATES AND best method yet devised for securing cooperation in Home Missions. OTHER AREAS The deputation visitors and the From the report of the Committee for 1923, local missionary leaders divided into Lemuel Call Barnes, Chairman. six teams and visited various sections of Northern California, partly by rail In June and July a deputation vis- and partly by automobiles, starting ited Southern Idaho, Northern Cali- June 22 and returning to San Franfornia, Oregon, Western Washington, cisco June 29, where reports and allo- Eastern Washington and Wyoming. cations of responsibility were made. In Idaho arrangements had been made by the President and Secretary of the A conference of one day was held Idaho Home Missions Council, which with the Western Washington Home had been organized a year and a half Missions Council, which was organized earlier by an entirely independent in connection with a visit of a depu- Idaho movement, the Council having tation some years ago, and which has an admirable constitution, officially been active ever since, going so far in endorsed by nearly all the leading de- its early life as to make an allocation nominations in the state. These of respoI,!sibilities throughout most of brethren had. divided the deputation, its area. That feature of its work, along with state administrators of however, had not been closely followed missions, into five teams, and had ar- up, and the brethren assembled deranged for public meetings every eve- cided that there should be are-study ning, in the places visited from June of the field similar to those now being 10th to 19th. A state missionary lead- made in other states. er was chairman of each team, which. acted as a committee, and brought in A study, showing church provisions reports and recommendations. After in 573 places of 1,000 population and careful discussion, allocations of re- less is as follows: N[;MBER 0'- CHURCHES TOTAL With Without Places Population None Five Four Three Two 07l'e Churches Chwrches 70 1,000-500 13 1 1 7 17 31 57 13 239 500-100 143 0 0 2 13 81 96 143 264 100-10 223 0 0 1 0 40 41 223 573 1,000-10 379 1 10 30 152 194 379 sponsibility were made by the Council A ('onference of one day was held throughout Southern Idaho. with leaders of Home Mission work in In Northern California there has the Inland Empire (which includes been a comity committee for some Eastern Washington and Northern years, which grew out of conferences Idaho), and they voted to create an convened by deputations of former organization, lind appointed a com- years. This comity council, on its own mittee to consummate the same. They initiative, has recently reorganized requested that a deputation visit their itself as the Home Missions Council of area later for the purpose of allocat- Northern California, adopting as its jng responsibilities in the expansion foundation, the" Principles" adopted and prosecution of Home Mission by the Home Missions Council of work.

Montana, in 1919, and declaring that An interdenominational Home Mis- the "EVERY – COMMUNrry Service" sion organization, growing out of pre- plan!! adopted in Montana seemed the vious deputation visits, had ceas~d t9 ~9p

function so completely that the breth- have any semblance of competition, ren voted to organize a Home Missions but that 66% of all the places tabu- Council for Oregon and took meas- lated are without religious provision ures to that end, but to leave the ques- of any kind. Precise figures have not tion of a deputation visit, for the been gathered in any other state, but purpose of allocating responsibility, it is the opinion of the deputation, without action at present. after traveling over great portions of The deputation met state leaders in the three states studied at large, that Western Wyoming, July 12, Teams similar .facts exist throughout the were made up for visiting the state, Northwest. We believe that more than which came together again the eve- one half of the neighborhoods which ning of JUly 19, when it was voted to have more or less community life of form a permanent organization. The their own, are without any regular report of a committee on principles of religious ministry, and great numbers organization was adopted, the" Prin- of them without any religious minis- ciples" being substantially those of try whatever.

Montana and Northern California. A We recommend that the national date was fixed for completion of or- Home Mission boards also make a ganization and allocation of respon- study of the situation in respect to sibility. 'fhe National Home Missions rural communities where there is now Council was requested to send a rep- but one evangelical church, with a resentative. at least annually. view to concentrating effort so as to The spirit of cooperation is greatly make that church more efficient.

reinforced, as compared with former Recent study shows that more than years. The leaders of all denomina- 1,300 churches throughout the North- tions at work in these areas are far ern Baptist Convention are in com- more active in a cooperative direction munities where there is no other than formerly. A large factor in the evangelical church. The standard progress is the new spirit of service adopted was that of the United States which is replacing the spirit of de- census, counting as rural everything nominational aggrandizement. under 2,500 population. The Western There are not a few serious in- Washington study took 1,000 popula- stances of overlapping, concerning tion as the standard. A recent Meth- some of which there is hope of early odist Episcopal study takes 10,000 as correction, by conference of those im- the standard. If the facts could be mediately involved. Concerning many gathered on some uniform standard, others, the overlapping is far more they would show the vast field already serious in appearance, when stated in occupied without any competition~ figures, than it is when studied in the We recommend that a campaign be field, because many of the churches inaugurated, calling the attention of enumerated are either of foreign- the churches supporting the mission- speaking groups, who are not yet fully ary enterprise to two things: First.

Americanized, or of sporadic sects, the large number of neglected fields; which do not cooperate in general second, the large number of fields al- movements of the Kingdom of God. ready occupied without competition; The instances of overlooking are so and that endeavor be made by each of much more numerous than those of the denominations, to establish at least overlapping, that the great stress of in each state, one new strong occupa- Home Mission activity must be in tion of a field now occupied by no one, meeting the unmet needs of the peo- and to strengthen greatly, for demon- ple. For example: The remarkable stration purposes, at least one church table prepared by the Western Wash- already existing as the only evangel- ington Home Missions· Council shows ical church in the community. .

that of the small places which have We also urge that the growing sense any church, 78% have only one of local obligation for work be culti- church, leaving but 22% which could vated and that no tendency be en-

WOMAN;S HOME MISStON BtJLLETIN :lO1

couraged to turn to national boards to do it soon, others have adopted the for work which can be done better by essential plans and principles, and the field itself. still another is asking for a similar movement at an early day. In other We have traversed great stretches words, this very delicate and difficult of sparsely settled country, where undertaking-sectarian readjustment there is no hope, in the near future, of -has, in less than a dozen years made establishing churches, in some of them positive, intensely practical, organic even Sunday-schools, but where a vital advance in a solid block of seven Gospel ministry may be provided states in the northwest section of the through colporteurs or other itinerant country, with yet another continguous workers, however designated, and we state farther east asking for it. When recommend that in fields allocated to this situation in the Northwest is denominational responsibility, some coupled with the entirely distinct provision be made for that kind of achievements in a similar direction by house-to-house ministry so as to reach two New England states, and by a every home within the field of respon- number of cities, while others are apsibility, at regular and frequent proaching it, your deputation is conintervals. Your deputation was con- vinced that the endeavor to secure vinced by observation that the Home sYl;ltematic, coordinate, practical coop- Department of the Sunday-school can eration in Home Missions, in place of be used to great advantage in such haphazard and sometimes eompetitive action, is as sure as the riRing of the sections. sun. It is obviously imbedded in the We find seyeral somewhat distinct providential order.

forms of interdenominational state The deputation haa scarcely reached Home Mission organizations and be- New York when overtures were made lieve that any organization desired by by leaders in North Dakota asking the state forces, which does not en- that a similar study-visit be made in deavor to become a court of rulers, that state. We are now informed that but rather a conference·of brethren, all the leading denominations wish it may be made efficient. Our convic- and it is expected the coming summer. tion is, that the spirit of Christ in the state administrators is the supreme THE MIRACLE OF SPRING solvent of all problems. After the dead leaves falling, Deputations have now demonstrated After the winter's snow, the cumulative value of pushing with After the March wind's blowing, patience as well as persistence. Near- Deep irr the sod below, ly twelve years ago a deputation vis- Things that in sleep were dreaming, ited all the far western states, holding Seeds of a life now past joint conferences with state leaders, Stir with a life renewing to face the facts together. Ten years Under the stormy blast. ago substantially the same deputation visited selected states for more extend- God, overhead, is keeping ed conferences and the initiation of Always his watchful care cooperative endeavor. Four years ago And never a springtime faileth one of these states asked for the very Its blossoms of incense ,·are. definite undertaking known as the The bitter within the tree trunks "EVERy-COMMUNITY Service Endeav- Is sweetening under the sun, or. " The movement was then for a And under the lash of the north wind time greatly retarded by the disap- Upward life forces run. pointments connected with the swift plans of the Interchurch World Move- God knows it will soon be summer. ment. Even so, it has come to pass He knows that the winter is gone, that three more of the states, previ- That his smile will melt the snowdrifts ously visited, have now fully inaugu- For the flowers to feast upon, rated the "EVERy-COMMUNITY Serv- And he that is faint and weary And he who is winter-worn ice Endeavor," two others have voted May know that his south wind bloweth The cold from his Easter Morn.

-Alwe Amelia Flagg. EDITED BY MISS SARAH H. POLHEMTJS, NEW YORK A NEW UNION ENTERPRISE she shrank from having her name The Margaret Williamson Hospital given to this work, and it was with is now under a union committee of difficulty her friends persuaded her to four women's Boards-the Women's let it stand. The hospital will al- Missionary Co.uncH of the Methodist ways bear the name of Margaret Wil- Episcopal Church, South, the Amer- liamson, and its work will always be ican Baptist, the Woman's Board of evangelistic and evangelical, for those the Reformed Church in America, and are the terms upon which it is now the Woman's Missionary Society of being contributed to by the Women's America. Missionary Union for the larger work. The Hospital is nearly forty years old and we like to think of her his- In 1883 Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder went to China as the first medical mistory in decades. M. That history began, we do not know sionary of the Woman's Union 1S- sionary Society. Dr. Reifsnyder could have made a brilliant success in her just when. The thought and plan profession at home-she gave her life were born in the heart of a noble freely to the cause of Christ among woman, one of the charter members of poor burdened Oriental women and the Woman's Union Missionary So- children, and it became a brilliant succiety, Margaret Woodsworth William- cess in China. Dr. Reifsnyder built son. Mrs. Williamson, whose maiden the hospital and became its superin- name was Margaret Woodsworth, be- tendent. The funds employed for the came an orphan when she was a small building and maintenance were partly child. Her early life was not an easy Mrs. Williamson's first gift, together one, for she lacked money for com- with a bequest in her will for this forts and the education she craved. work, and partly the generous con- Perhaps this is why even from early tributions of Chinese friends whom years her heart was always going out Dr. Reifsnyder interested in the pro- to those who were sad, or needy, or ject. To this g90d doctor's skill and alone. She became a dressmaker and splendid executive ability, her un~ir­ a successful one. Her sweet nature ing work, and, above all, her devotIOn and utter unselfishness endeared her to the Chinese and to the cause of to her customers, who gave her friend- Christ in China, is due, in great meas- ship and love. lUre, the success of the hospital.

It is good to know that after the After ten years the hospital had years of struggle, she married a man grown and outgrown its first bound- who adored her and made her very aries so that new wards were added.

happy. But in the midst of happiness Thousands of women had received and easy circumstances she never lost healing for their bodies within its the habit of self-denial that she might walls; thousands had heard the Gos- have more to give. She gave every- pel of Life through the ministry of where and with a royal hand. One of the Bible women and the missionaries her gifts was the money to found Mills in dispensaries and wards. In the Seminary, now Mills College, the one dispensary in 1894 there was Ii daily institution exclusively for higher edu- average of over ninety-three persons cation of women on the Pacific Coast. who came for treatment, to say noth- In 1882 ]frs. Williamson gave the ing of the well ones who accompanied sum of five thousand dollars as a them, so that the opportunities for nucleus for the building of the hos- giving the Christian message were pital in Shanghai. In her humility great. The tenth year also marked 302 the arrival of Dr. Emily Garner as wards and maternity, and of over Dr. Reifsnyder's a8sociate. 50,000 in the daily dispensary, during The hospital grew steadily during the year. The receipts in China for the second decade of her history in that year were equal to about eight influence and usefulness, in oppor- thousand dollars in gold.

tunities to make Christ known, and to The report just received states that lead women one by one to Him, and throughout the year 1922 the capacity in the development of native financial of the hospital has been taxed. No support. In 1898 the main building one needing treatment has been was destroyed by fire; only two wards, turned away because of lack of funds the operating room and a small to pay the ward price of thirty cents amount of beds and bedding were a day; but many with funds to pay saved. All books, records, drug-room would not enter because of no empty appliances, drugs and surgical sup- private rooms. Seven private rooms plies, all bedding and some new iron will be added to the capacity of the beds went with the building. The hospital when the nurses training dauntless staff began to work as soon school moves into its new dormitory as possible, dividing the Wells Wil- now under construction.

liams Ward, which had been saved, Efficiency has been increased by with temporary board partitions, thus the installation of a telephone system.

making a place for the daily patients. The increase in number of nurses has During the year that immediately fol- provided better care of the patients.

lowed the fire, 341 persons were ad- The clinics now number seven: sur- mitted to the wards and over 26,000 gery, medicine, dentistry, oto-laryn- dispensary patients were treated. The gology, ophthalmology, gynecology, disaster called forth a wealth of sym- and pre-post natal. Twice a week pathy and kindness on every side. there are also special vaccination clin- Scarcely had the building burned be- ics. It has been difficult to care prop- fore a subscription was started by the erly for so many clinics in a few leading daily paper of Shanghai, and rooms. There is great need for a dis- foreigners and Chinese responded pensary building.

generously. Before the close of the A wonderful ambulance, pushed at second ten-year period, Dr. Reifsny- stern, pulled at bow, bumps along the der was writing in her report, "The streets~ violating all speed laws, at the hospital is not large enough to ac- rate of one mile an hour, casually roll- commodate all who apply." The ing a prospective ruptured appendix greatest need was for a separate build- or an imminent prospective mother.

ing for the increasing number of ma- In addition to the need of a motor am- ternity cases. The report for the bulance, the hospital's most glaring twentieth year shows that 45,700 pa- needs are for a building containing tients were treated at the dispensary private rooms for medical and sur- and nearlv 700 in the wards. Fees gical cases, tubercular wards and chil- and contributions received on the field dren's wards, and a dispensary were over four thousand dollars in building. gold. The 'evangelistic work in the dis- It was during the third decade that pensary, wards, private rooms and the long-hoped-for Maternity Build- homes has been carried on faithfully ing was completed. This was a beau- with much prayer and faith by Miss tiful building that was made possible Mary Irvine and the Bible women. A by the bequest of Miss Emily Stevens Chinese Home Missionary Society of Princeton,- New Jersey. At the with its members from among nurses, close of the thirtieth year from the doctors and servants, has permeated time our first dispensary was opened its enthusiasm and devotion through and foundations for the hospital laid, the hospital. The hospital, in addi- the annual report mentioned an at- tion to the ordinary medical services tendance of over 1,000 patients in to the community, has been privileged

to assist in "Better Baby Contests" forth with the message of Jesus Christ, and the coming for one year of Dr. the Great Physician of Souls. l<-'lorence Kraker, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics, Women's Medical Col- We shall need to pray mor8–not lege of Pennsylvania, is making it less, for the work. Prayer will be the greatest need, as it always has been, possible for the hospital to offer short and the greatest of our resources. And courses of special clinical work in ob- as we pray let us thank God for this stetrics to young Chinese women doc- new opportunity, and ask Him to tors. guide us still and lead on to greater things than we can dream. The hospital is about to incorporate and to open a medical school for Chi- PERSONALITIES nese women on the Margaret Williamson Foundation at China New Year By MISS CARRIE M. KERSCHNER time, 1924. One new building for the medical school has just been com- There have been many articles, even pleted and another is about to be books, written on Personality-whetherected-the latter is given by the er it is born in us or whether it may Methodist Episcopal Church, South, be acquired. You have sometimes aB a part of the Belle H. Bennett shaken hands with a person and have Memorial. had to look long and hard into his eyes to see if there was anyone there. The new Board in America has as Then again you have shaken hands its fir&t Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. with others and have had to look Peabody. Other women's boards hav- pretty hard to see if you were there. ing mission work in China hope to Emerson says "Every institution is unite in the project. the lengthened shadow of a man." From another source we quote "Per- From this time we hope to make the sonality is the distillation of our daily Margare.t Williamson Hospital a cen- needs. It is the silt on our souls left ter for training Christian nurses, who by the passing over it of millions of shall go out not simply as vocational workers, but as evangelists of the thoughts and acts. It is the flavor of Good News of Christ. Working closely with the American Section will be our lives." Dr. Frank Crane says a China Section of the Board of Di- "We enter into this world as separate rectors, resident in Shanghai, com- personalities; hard and irreducible posed of the executive members of the personalities; our life's problem is to staff of the Training School, and combine with others." strong evangelical Christian women of the community, both Chinese and A mother wonders why her child is foreign. The Margaret Williamson petulant or selfish. She insists she has always warned her against being Hospital will still be a hospital; it so and has taught her more altruistic will still minister to thousands of standards of action. The trouble is Chinese women and children, offering that the mother's life has taught anas always, :vith physical help and heal- other lesson. She herself has been ing, the ministry of the Gospel, but it petulant and selfish. That was the will also be a school. It hopes to train flavor of her life; and her child has many evangelistic workers, some as been thus flavored. Christian trained nurses, others to become specialists in obstetrical work, To give things to people may leave such workers being one of the great them much as they were before; but needs of China; others to go out as to have personality to bestow-raditeachers of hygiene in public and ant-triumphant-contagious – that private schools, thus helping in the not only changes circumstances, it great problem of public health, others changes men. Said a girl to a woman still to help in the problem of eradi- one day, "May I sit down aside of cating tuberculosis, a greater scourge you 1 You give me such a nice feel- ing. " in China than in America-all to go It is said of Francis Xavier that "Sometimes when the brothers were

1924J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

sad, the way they took to become hap- launched a new force where we may py was to go and look at him." hope to interest a greater number of women. And in our mIssionary ad- Christ said "Come ye after me and dresses; in tl1e presentation of vital I will make you." It seems to me facts, and statistics to our audiences; that we have been dwelling too long in our efforts to increase the circulaon the latter part of the verse which is tion of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "fishers of men." The important fact THE WORLD and our own denominais that Jesus was the one who was to tional magazines; in our Summer take the disciples and do the making. Schools of Missions, all of which are So He will make everyone into some- mediums through which more interest thing useful if we give Him a chance. may be aroused, our Christ-fired per- "When God would move men, He first sonality will win. It is not an easy moves one man" and so in our mis- task set before us. Victorious personsionary leaders we have the "moved" ality is not the fruit of cloistered men and women upon whom falls the piety. It can be achieved only on the responsibility to "move" others. field of battle after hours of prayer and preparation. As a result of one How to develop more power among such truly Christ-fired personality we women and how to interest a greater have recorded the baptism by the number~ We have heard much since Spirit of thousands at Pentecost. The we came here on right relationships history of every great Christian with the nations of the world. Where achievement is one of answered do we stand on right relations prayer; and the story of the Chriswith the peopl~ who may appear com- tian religion and the spread of the monplace right around us ~ Do we go Kingdom through the missionary enabout "seeking" as our Master did? terprise is the story of personality in- The Master's specialty was folk in fluenced by personality; rebirth conwhom nobody else could see much stantly the product of the reborn. good. Simon Peter, the woman at the ,'Come ye after me and I will make well, the woman taken in adultery you." have become unforgetable characters since Jesus met them. Only by His Do You Know EVERYLAND! insight, His appreciation, His patience, His undiscourageable faith in A Most Interesting Magazine of human possibilities did He transform World Friendship for Boys and Girls them. And so our women by the transforming Spirit of Christ will pnbli~hed by the themselves receive power and pass it Central Committee on· the United Study of on to others. Foreign Missions. Alice Freeman Palmer was once re- Editor–MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY proved because she did not do more Associate Editor-MISS LUCILE GULLIVER lecturing; to which out of her passion for personal service, she replied: "It Department Editors is people that count. You want to MISS MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH put yourself into people; they touch other people; these, others still, and MRS. HOSMER BILLINGS so you go on working forever." MRS. E. C. CRoNK Our source of power is Christ; He is the well that never runs dry. The Publication Offl.ce: (West Medford), Boston, One who supplies the power after His Mass. spirit has come upon us to become witnesses unto Him. Editorial Office: 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass. If it be true that we have not been able to interest mllny women because Good Things in EVERYLAND for April we are presenting our missionary enterprise in terms of 50 years ago, we The Guardian of the Chulpa. Willis K. .Tones see in the Vassar Institute about to be Garments in the Way……………… ..

5 · ………… Margaret T. Applegarth Alice iII Search of Wonderland ………. .

· ………….. Minna McEuen Meyer 'I'he Little Brothers of Spina ………… .

· ………………. Ruth Mason Rice Gloria and the Wicked Frog …………. .

· …………………. Estel Critchie l'lveryland Exchange …. Katharine 8. Cronk Grandmother '8 Story Page ………. _… .

· ………………. Lucy W. Peabody

fROM MANY

INDIA busy streets. There are over 50 dif- Gandhi Freed from Prison ferent Protestant denominations and I T is not clear, the Continent thinks, missionary institutions at work in the that the release from prison of the city. non-cooperationist nationalist leader of India, Mohandas Gandhi, marks Training Indian Leader.

M the beginning of a new policy on the ISSIONARIES of all denomina- tions realize that the training of part of the English Government toward India. The immediate cause Christian teachers and leaders is one of his release was his ill health, based of the pressing duties which face the on advice of physicians who said it Church in India. Each year some would take him six months to regain 6,000 adult converts and about 10,000 his health' under most favorable COll- children of Christian parents are be- ditions. Gandhi has been a very ing baptized in the missions of the tractable and quiet prisoner, and has Church Missionary Society in India endeared himself to many by under- alone, making now a total of 270,000.

taking menial tasks in the prison. It Many of them cannot read or write, is said that he has spent much of his and unless the Christian Church leisure time reading the Bible. makes a big effort they will remain ignorant and the children will grow Christianity and the Masses lip untaught. The one way out is the SEEING the work of Christian mis- raising up of a big company of Chris- sionaries among the 60,000,000 tian Tndian teachers. Boarding outcastes of India, one of the Nation- . schools are being established where alist leaders declared: "After all, pi<>ked boys and girls can be sent for when it comes to practice, Christianity more intensive teaching than is posalone is effecting what we nationalists sible in a village school; from these are crying out for-namely, the eleva- "vocational" schools some of the pupils will pass on to a teachers' traintion of the masses." ' ing school, and after a time of prac· Calcutta-That Great City tical experience as a teacher (perhaps as the only teacher in full charge of a I N Calcutta, there live 1,327,547 village school) they will come back souls, of whom 854,582 cannot read for still further training. It is a or write. In all the creeds are 43,- colossal task! The congregations in 680 Christians, including, approxi- India are mostly poor and it is beyond mately 25,000 Europeans. In 1921 the power of Indian outcastes to pay 386 infants died out of every 1,000, for Christian education; that for the while for the citv 39.3 was the death present must be undertaken by misrate with onlv a·17.1 birth rate. Cal- sionary societies.

cutta uses 5i" varieties" of tongues, and more! THE Calcutta is India's Greatest Port; A New Leper Settlement India's Great Banking Center; India's United Free Church of Scot- Great Industrial Center; and (omit- land has authorized its Madras ting Burma) India'8 Oil DiBtributing Mission Council to comply with the Center; the home of the beautiful urgent request of the Government of Jain Temple, the famous Kali Ghat, the Madras Presidency, and under- and many other great places of inter- take the management of the new est. Cows and goats run loose in the institution at Tirumani near Chingle- 3015 put for the care of Indian lepers. The might work be turned over to the in- Mission to Lepers has agreed to pro- digenous Church, and to what extent vide the salary of the Missionary might work be reduced or eliminated T Superintendent, and the cost of the "There were some tense moments," rest of the settlement will be borne by writes Miss Marion A. Beebe of Henthe Government, including the sal- zada, "when reduction of work dear aries of a medical missionary, a ma- to the hearts of SQme was considered, tron, and probably one or more nurses. but that there would be an increasing There are 400 leper patients now in support of the work by the indigenous a leper asylum in Madra:; who will be churches was felt by all. When they transferred to the new settlement as were first asked to undertake the sup- SQon as it is opened, and it is intended port, of the 11yingyan field, they felt to provide eventually for 3,000 lepers. that it was too great a burden, but The leading government officials have upon hearing that the Mission had repeatedly expressed their conviction voted to close the educational work that the new institution must be there, a committee asked the conferunder missionary control if it is to ence to defer action till they might achieve the best results. Government, make some arrangements for carrying they have said, can finance such un- it on." dertakings, but they cannot give to them that tone and spirit which is Indian Mission for Tibet such a no~able feature of mission institutions. THE National Missionary Society of India has responded to the Boy Scouts Help an OuteRste challenge of Tibet, and proposes to follow in the footsteps of men like Ap ATROL of high-caste Indian Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has of late scouts from a mission school of made Tibet his special field of labor the Church Missionary Society found during certain months of the year. a poor woman of the lowest caste on While the Sadhu will not become the roadside dying of influenza. Many identified with the work of the society, people had seen her and passed by he has consented to select two suitwithout helping; it would have been able missionaries whom he will guide against their caste to have done SQ. on tours in Tibet and other Hima- But to the scouts it was a matter of layan states. When not on tour, these humanity, and they at once carried men will make their headquarters in her to the hospital. The hospital re- Sabathu in the Simla hills, where they fused to take her in, but the scouts can continue to work among the hill stuck to their work, and at last got tribes. The new effort starts in April, the police to help them. When asked and, proceeding without the complexto write their names, the patrol leader ity of organization and equipment refused, saying that scouts do not ad- that generally marks the advance of a vertise their deeds. 'Vestern missionary society, will take up the task of introducing Christ in Baptist Proolems in Burma what has been one of the most inac- cessible parts of the world. AT the annual meeting of the Bur- ma Baptist Missionary Confer- CHINA ence held in Rangoon late in 1923, and having as its motto "Christ's American Mission in Tibet Leadership," 130 of the 180 missionaries in the field were present. With THE Christian and Missionary Althe news from home of no increase liance workers on the Kansuin appropriations, and even a request Tibetan border report the occupation to seek readjustments to reduce ex- of Paongan in Tibetan territory, a penditures, the chief problems before place from which workers were driven the conference were, to what extent out a few years ago, but where the attitude of the people is said to have

greatly changed. They continue: "In Disturbed Condition. the Chinese work several properties hav.e been secured for outstations in THE secretary of the China Inland market towns near the different cen- Mission in Shanghai, who is in ters. The school work has been very close touch with their workers all encouraging, especially along the line over the field, wrote in a recent letter: of self-support. The girls' and boys' "I never remember a time when the industrial work is fast gaining a political and military conditions have market, and all they can produce out- seemed so hopeless as they do today. side of school hours has a ready sale. Civil war and prevalent lawlessness The boys' rug-making industry, a new are ruining the country and there venture this year, has been a decided does not appear to be anyone capable success. The grade of work is high of dealing with the situation." The for beginners, and so far they have following is said to be typical of connot had to look for a market outside ditions in a number of plaC!es: of this vicinity. The girls' work on the native linen is meeting an in- We have been through the worst time ever creased demand down country. Both known in W–. The retreating armieB de· girls and boys have shown this past scended upon us, numbering 100,000 men. year an increased interest in the It was terrible to watch them, tired and things of God, and we look forward bedraggled. They just poured in. Every to having many of these trained house, large and small, has been filled, and young people as future evangelists, people have had to turn out every corner teachers, and Bible women." for the soldiers. All the big wayehouses around us have been nlled. Only the houses Literacy Cam.paign in China where foreigners live have not been billeted with soldiers. They have behaved as badly DR. TAO CHIH-HSING, of the as they eould, taking everything from the , National Education Association people.. For nearly twenty miles around the of China, has been conducting in An- people have had all their rlce, Wlleat, cows, king, province of Anhui, a popular pigs and vegetables taken, and their women education campaign, of which the folk outraged. All the pigs have been killed, N ot·tn China Herald writes: "The even the tiny ones. All the big shops have goal of this movement, 100 per cent been turned into stables. The large wood· literacy, while a very long way off, yards have been cleared and what the sol· has been brought into the range of diers do not burn tbey sell to the people. possibility. according to the opinion The strain is terrible and the tales appalling. of not a few of the leaders who have taken part in Dr. Tao's campaign. Destruction in Kwangtung Mass meetings attended by some 3,000 students and others were held in the DR. W. H. DOBSON, superintend- Episcopal Cathedral at which Dr. Tao ent of the American Presbyterian outlined the plan for teaching illiter- hospital at Yeungkong, Kwangtung ates the .1,000 characters. If the Province, after describing the descheme fails it will not be due to its struction of near-by villages, continlack of simplicity for it is based on ues: "This sort of a tale can be rethe "get-one" plan. Every person peated in many parts of this region. who knows characters is supposed to Ruined villages, uncut crops, vacant teach another and this new one an- fields, starving women and children other and so on till everyone can read. running from place to place, chased The final touch to the publicity of by bandits, night and day attacks on this campaign was given on Sunday other villages, traffic and business at when the students of 72 schools pa- a standstill-is it any wonder that one raded miles of streets carrying ap- sickens and tires of these tales when propriately inscribed banners urging we are so helpless to do for these peoupon every. one his duty to help pro- ple in the absence of a stable governmote the cause of popular education. " ment T It seems that soldiers from Canton had been promised to protect this region, and were daily expected when the U. S. S. AS'neville hove in sight. All sorts of rumors were start- ed when it was known that American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

soldiers had arrived. The brigands Presbyterian mi:,;sion in Peking, often retreated to a safe distance, and the calls at the home and tells about the villager:,;, taking heart, defended problems she meets with in her evanthemselves and killed a number of the gelistic work. After telling these difbandits. But no Cantonese soldiers ficulties, she is sure the next time she have yet arrived; the schools are not calls to meet with the query, "Is your open; few stores are doing any busi- friend that we prayed for last week ness; and the hospital i:,; full of any better' , ? In one case a newcomer wounded and sick. But our church reviled the home and all its occmservices are crowded. "-The Conti- pants. It seemed impossible to keep nent. her in the place lest she harm the other inmates. But Miss Gowans sug- Borden Memorial Hospital gested that they all pray for her. Standing in the courtyard, her arms DR. and Mrs. George King write about the termagant to prevent her from Lanchowfu, Kansu, of the harming herself or anyone else, Miss growing work in the hospital there Gowans began to pray and all the old which bears the name of William Bor- women joined in. Soon the excited den: "Never before have there been newcomer grew quieter, and her comso many opportunities here. The old panions say her temper is much imsuperstitions are being broken down proved ever since. to some extent. This past spring has seen every ward and room in the JAPAN-CHOSEN women's hospital occupied, and as many as thirty-five women and chil- Honors for Christians dren in at one time. The men's hospital, too, has been filled. Our little THE influence of Christianity upon rudimentary Leper Home has had six the national life of Japan was lepers at one time in it. There is now recognized as on a parity with that of a class of fourteen medical students, Shintoism and Buddhism in a series of or 'appreutices, ' all but three of whom religious conferences held in Tokyo are Kansu boys. We hope that they (Feb. 20th and 21st). The Associated in their turn will carry the Light far Press rep.9rts: Premier Kiyoura, in afield. They all have the opportunity, an effort to raise popular morale from and, we hope, the ambition to become the depression into which the earthhealers of bodies and souls." quake of last September plunged it, summoned the chiefs of the principal Peking Old Ladies' Home Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and Christian churches. The Buddhist PEKING has an "old ladies' home," session was held one morning; the maintained entirely by Chinese Shinto session the same afternoon and women who have patterned it after a the Christian one the next morning. home for friendless old women started many years ago by foreign ladies in A similar conference was held in the city. Although the directors are all ]912 by Mr. Tokonami, th1m Japanese heathen, they realized, says The Con- Vice Minister of Home Affairs. The tinent, that their home could not be a Premier, in addresses directed to the success without a Christian woman three meetings, emphasized the spiritat its head, so chose for their matron a ual havoc wrought by the earthquake, member of the native Presbyterian recalling that the Emperor found it Church. The result has been really necessary last November to issue a remarkable, for in the three years this rescript warning his people not to woman has been in care of the place deviate from their patriotism and nearly sixty per cent of her charges their faith in Japan's future. "Dehave become Christians. spite this," continued the Premier, "regrettable tendencies persist, in- These new Christians believe in cluding mockery of the religion and prayer. Miss A. H. Gowans, of the faith of our fathers."

Tokyo's "Barrack Villages" mensely increased. The Y. M. C. A. in the United States has been looking REV. WILLIS C. LAMOTT writes after them to some extent, but much from 'fokyo of giving $10,000, more may be done by this and sister sent by Presbyterian churcheg in movements, because these travellers California, toward building barracks are important and open-minded men to house the ruined churches. and women. In this direction the , , These, " he says, "will be more or Tokyo City Young Men's Christian less permanent buildings, and will be Association started an interesting and of immediate help in carrying the successful experiment by sending Gospel to thousands in the 'barrack through America last year a vacation villages' of Tokyo. They will also students' party, which consisted in serve to house the stricken pastors, as the main of graduates or senior stuwell as aid greatly in preserving the dents. ('ontinnity of the work of the various churches. 'fhe term 'baraku' is now A Buddhist on the Bible in general use, referring to the sheds erected in the great parks of the city, ABUDDHIST scholar, son of a where thousands of refugees are now Buddhist priest, and reared in living, offering a wonderful oppor- the strictest tenets of his faith, relates tunity for evangelistic work. The his experiences when coming in con- Y. M. C. A. of Meiji Gakuin is help- tact with Christianity, saying: "By ing Mr. Kagawa in his work down in degrees as I went on reading the Honjo, and I am doing what I can Bible, I understood that the teaching with my stereopticon in interesting of Christ is so far above those of other some of the refugee children for the religions that they cannot be comfirst time in the Life of Christ. A pared to it. Christianity includes very valuable work has been carried everything good to be found in Shin on in the devastated section at Ryo- Shu, Nichiren Shu, and Zen Shu goku. Three tentl> were erected, one (Buddhist sects), and is higher than for refreshments, one housing a dis- all. I am not making light of Budpensary, and one for evangelistic dhism; but I believe that its purpose work, the tents all having been fur- is realized best in Christianity. After nished by the famous Mitsui family. the sun has risen, it is not necessary Evangelistic services were conducted to go on burning electric lights." all day, the various churches took turns in serving the refreshments in Non-Christian Men in School the tea-tent, and the dispensary had a record of handling over 700 differ- L AMBUTH Institute was opened ent cases in twenty-five days. The early in 1921 in W onsan, Korea, work is an example of the attitude by the M. E. Church, South, for busithe Japanese Christians are taking ness men who want to study English. toward the. present evangelistic op- Mr. T.•J. Carter, the present director, portunity. " says: "Onr new term began January 7th, and the first night we had more Japanese Who Travel than fifty young Korean men and boys, all anxious to learn English. DURING the last annual confer- One must know something of the class ence of employed officers of the of men to appreciate our opportunity Japanese Y. M. C. A. a committee was to carry the gospel message. Among appointed to see what could be done those who are enrolled there is a judge to set up an International Hospitality of a local court, and a clerk of the Service, in cooperation with the same court. A police sergeant, the Young Men '8 Christian Association highest office that a Korean can hold in other lands. Of late the number among the police officials, is studying of Japanese students, officials, and in the first grade. The head of a business men who go abroad has im- Korean hospital is studying in our

192+] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

second class. These are non-Chris- Church. A self-supporting physician tians, and for a half an hour four and his wife live in the missionary nights each week, they have an oppor- compound. Among the results ar& tunity to hear the Gospel preached. 494 baptized Chinese, 9 church build- I don't know of any other way in ings, 10 chapels, 25 prayer-meeting which these leading men in public life plaees, 15 Chinese evangelists, and 3 could be induced to come to where Bible women. The evangelistic zeal the gospel message is given. They cer- of Korean Christians among their own tainly will not attend church." people is one of their best-known traits. The Korean became a mission- Beggar Boys in Seoul ary when he became a Christian. " Are you a Christian 1" is often asked early THE Salvation Army is carrying on in acquaintance making. Thus at in Seoul, Korea, an industrial home for beggar boys which meets a once the living Word is passed along. real need. Lieut.-Commissioner G. In the spread of the Message of Life Stevens writes of it: "At the end of in the peninsula this has been one of the year 1918 there was a great out- the most far-reaching factors. In adcry in Seoul over the large number of dition to this, at opportune times the boys who were begging on the streets. Christian has entered with tremen- The boys themselves had for the most dous zeal into special campaigns for part long disheveled hair, were the unreached population about him, clothed in rags, were filthy in the ex- pledging his time freely, to go out treme and a' source of annoyance to unencumbered by business to preach every well-to-do passerby, whom they the way of eternal life.

pestered for money or food. Eventu- ally one boy was found frozen to death ISLANDS OF THE SEA outside the shop of a well-known Depopulation ot New Hebrides business man, who appealed to the Salv:;ttion Army to do something as a THOUGH the official report on the temporary measure to tide them over . New Hebrides for 1921-22 mainthe cold weather and gave a generous tained that the process of native dedonation towards the cost. The Gov- population in the Polynesian and ernment later became interested, con- Melanesian Islands is not so rapid as tributing money for the support of some contend, the Anti-Slavery Rethe boys, and land for the present porte,' and Aborigines' Friend quotes buildings. The Home, since its incep- authoritiel'l who state that the present tion, has received seventy-three boys. labor-recruiting system, although it is Nine have died, largely through lack controlled by GoYernment, is essenof nourishment in early life, five have tially wrong, and that work on the run away, eleven have found friends plantations, under conditions unnatand gone to them, one has found work ural to the natives, fails to supply the outside, forty-seven remain with us necessary interest in life, the lack of today. " which they agreed in regarding as the main cause of the dying out of Korean Missionary Spirit the race. "There is no mention in the , Report of one serious cause of depopu- I N Shantung, China is the "pet" lation-namely, the traffic in liquor, work of the Korean Church. Be- which is a notorious evil. Answering ing not for Koreans but for Chinesf', a question in the House of Commons it is actual foreign missionary activ- three years ago, on the depopulation ity. When the Korean General As- of the Group, Colonel Amery men- sembly was organized in 1912, it went tioned as its chief cause the inabilitv on record as a missionary body in of the native to resist European epi- opening work in China. Four or- demic diseases, and asserted that the dained men and their families are Administration took active measures wholly supported by the Korean to protect the natives from disease

and drink. Unfortunately, all our Shinto shrine, and before I got away evidence is to the effect that though from Hawaii I realized that this the liquor traffic is prohibited by law, American Territory is again being the regulations against it are not ef- repaganized. Hawaii's population confective, and that 'active measures' are sists of a conglomeration of nationalicertainly not taken to enforce them. ties, some nine or ten of these nation- As for protection from disease, this alities being represented in numbers Report admits that the Condominium by no means small, there being five Administration possesses no medical times as many Japanese as any other service, and there are no government race. Idols are being imported. Temhospitals. " ples are being erected in every nook and corner of the Territory,. and The Philippines 1899-1924 pagan rites are being held. Tradi- tional Sunday observances are giving A FTER twenty-five years of work way to noisy restivals and wrestling in the Philippines, the various tournaments at the temples and the denominations are all reporting prog- shrines." ress. Rev. W. J. Smith, Presbyterian missionary at Dumaguete, on the is- NORTH AMERICA land of Negros, writes of a recent suc- Congress and the Churches cessful revival campaign. The Protestant Episcopal Church is ralling for T HE religious affiliations of the five new clergymen, two of them for present members or the United work among the 80,000 Chinese in the States Congress are shown in the folislands, who have been left to this de- lowing table, for which the Board of nomination as its particular field. The Temperance, Prohibition and Public Methodists have had an extensive Morals of the Methodist Episcopal quarter-centennial celebration. They Church is responsible: report a church membershp of 59,835, with 28,420 enrolled in the Sunday- Denomination Senate HOUile schools. There are 225 churches imd chapels, and 67 parsonages, besides 12 Methodists …………….. 23 96 missionary residences. Bishop Locke's latest report says that there was an Episcopalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 56 average of 16 baptisms every day of 1923, and that the last quadrennium Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 59 shows an increase of 25 per cent in membership. There are hospitals and Ba]1tist …………….•… 3 45 training schools established firmly by generous gifts from America and Roman Catholic …………. 7 38 housed in substantial buildings. In the past four years the native churches Congregationalist ……….. 5 26 have raised for all purposes about $218,000. Competent observers proph- Christian (Disciple) ……… 1 16 esy a union very soon of the Presbyterian, Congregational and United Lutheran ………………. 2 12 Brethren forces. Jewish ………………… 0 9 Unitarian ……………… 1 4 Dutch Reformed ………… 0 3 Quaker…………. …….. 0 3 United Brethren ………… 0 1 Mormon……………….. 2 1 Mennonite ……………… 0 1 Christian Science ………… 0 1 EvangelicaJ …………….. 0 1 Universalist ……………. 0 1 Vacancy……………….. 0 1 No religious affiliation ……. 17 41 Religious affiliation not ascer- tained ……………….. 3 20 Paganized Hawaii Totals ……. . . . . . . . . .. 96 435 DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF is Law EnforcelUent Convention quoted in the Record of Christiam Work as having been impressed "ENFORCE THE LAW" is the by the large place which worldliness message that will go forth to the holds in Hawaiian life and custom. He continues: "Then we saw another country from the convention of promthing, and felt a shudder as we beheld inent women '8 organizations to be it. I saw the Japanese building a held in Washington, D. C., on the 10th and 11th of April. Mrs. Herbert

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hoover is chairman and Mrs. Robert the authority of the Commissioner of Lansing is honorary-secretary of this Internal Uevenue and the Secretary convention which is to be held in the of the Treasury; call for deportation Soottish Rites Temple. Speeches are of alien bootleggers and an amendto be made by prominent men and ment to the Volstead law with a view women, and a pageant is to be given to more effective enforcement; deentitled, "America, the Beautiful." nounce men who have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the The Washington committee is a United States yet betray it by conbranch of the Woman's National spiracy with bootleggers; favor treat- Committee for Law Enforcement, ies to facilitate suppression of rum (Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, chairman) smuggling; condemn the practice of the object of which is to "work for prize-fighting in the army and navy; enforcement of all law, with special favor the proper encouragement of stress, at present, on the prohibition public education; favor the abolition law, the front today where the battle of child labor; approve uniform maragainst lawlessness has to be fought." riage and divorce laws; favor the barring from interstate commerce of This committee has issued the book, gambling devices, obscene literature, Save America, which is having a large etc.; call for further reduction of imsale through the affiliated women's migration; oppose commercialized organizations everyone of which, state and local, is asked to send dele- desecration of the Sabbath, and degates to this Law Enforcement Con- nounce lynching. vention.

Home Mission Council Officers In the Cumberland Mountains THE Home Missions Council has J AMES D. BURTON, writing from elected the following offioers for Oakdale, Tenn., of the educatIOnal 1924: President, Charles L. Thomp- bandicaps, in spite of which the boys son, (Presbyterian, U. S. A.); Vice- and girls of the Cumberland Moun- Presidents, John McDowell, (Presby- tain region have accomplished so terian, U. S. A.), Charles L. White, much, says of their limited church (Baptist), S. Leslie Morris, (Presby- privileges: terian in U. S.), Grant K. Lewis, (Disciples of Christ), George L. Cady, The four mountain counties com- (Congregational), Franklin J. Clark, prise over two thousand square miles (Protestant Episcopal); Executive of territory, within the borders of Secretary, Charles E. Vermilya, which are only three places with full- (Methodi::;t Episcopal); Recording time ministers. The practice with Sepretary, Charles E. Schaeffer, (Re- most organized church bodies is to formed in U. S.); Treasurer, Frank have preaching once or twice per F. Moore, (Congregational). Mrs. month, and there are scores of com- John Ferguson is the· new President munities without any regular preachof the Council of Women for Home ing at all. Seventy-five per cent of Missions. the church services are heJd in one- room public schoolhouses of which BYPublie Morals Policies there is about one for every eight adopting twelve resolutions cov- square miles. As a rule the pastor of ering a wide range of subjects a mountain church lives in one comthe Board of Temperance, Prohibition munity, and is in charge of a church and Public Morals of the Methodist in another community several miles Episcopal Church has formulated its distant. They meet and pass in going policies for the coming year. Briefiy and coming from their preaching 8taas summarized by The Continent, the tionfl. As a result there is little pasresolutions call for the removal of the toral care, and no point of contact Government '8 prohibition unit from between the pastor and the young people. Through the Sabbath-School

Extension Department of the Board munity it fails in its duty to rmal of National Missions of the Presby- civilization. While urban population terian Chureh in the U. S. A., many exceeds rural, there are 2,500,000 Cumberland Mountain communities more children in villages and the open are being provided with reasonably country than in cities."

well-equipped Sabbath-schools, which have served to create a wholesome Paciftc Garden Missien A atmosphere. The primary purpose of FTER forty-three years on Van Buren Street, Chicago, in a buildthe schools is service, and the Sundayschool representative travels in season ing previously famous for its vice, the and out of season, through all kinds enormous rents and the change in of weather, in the interest of religious the personnel of the people passing the education. It has proved to be one of door caused the removal of the famous the most economical and effective Pacific Garden Mission to 650 South methods in reaching and helping the State Street, in the heart of the cheap children and young people of this lodging-house district. One of the region. 'rhese schools are real com- converts, who has been a missionary munity centeTs in lieu of other attrac- in Japan for years, says he helped to tions, and many mountain youths rob many a man in this very place, discover themselves, getting larger enticing them from the Polk Street visions of life, and finding their way .Railway Station near by. So another to institutions of higher learning." den of vice and iniquity is converted into a place where the Gospel is being Need of the Rural Church preached.

"rJ"'HE rural population is in need -Record of Christian Work. ~ of evangelism, " according to the Y. W. C. A. Convention Rev. William W. Johnstone, superintendent of the Lakes District of the THE national convention of the American Sunday School Union. "It Young Women's Christian Asso- is estimated," he said, "that only one ciation is to be held in New York City fifth of the rural population attends from April 30th to May 6th. Many church; that two fifths of the rural visitors of importance from other churches are standing still or losing countries are expected. ground; that one third of the rural The present budgets of American ministers must have other occupations Y. W. C. A. work total over $25,000,- than the ministry to secure adequate 000 yearly. Foreign work supported support, in some cases the minister by American Associations' funds is acting as the town barber or doing included in these total figures. paper hanging and painting as a side li'ounded in 1906 from a union of two line; that one fourth of the rural organizations dating back to 1871 and churches have no Sunday-schools. 1886 respectively, the national mem- Many communities in southern Illi- bership has grown from less than. 150,- nois have been entirely without the 000 girls and youn~ women to over Gospel for years. Children have 525,000. Ovpp 2,000 delegates repregruwn to youth without having known sent.i.ng 1,046 Associations are exof a Sunday-school. There are many pected. The National Board, of which rural parishes all over the country Mrs. Robert E. Speer is President, is that have been deserted by the denom- the executive body of the affiliated inations that served them. In a town American Associations.

of 2,000 there may be found a dozen or more churches competing with each A Sunday-school Fleet P other, and all equally neglecting the LANS for the Ninth Convention of the W orId's Sunday School Assogreat opportunity that lies outside in the adjoining open country. When ciation in Glasgow, June 18-26, 1924, the Church fails to evangelize its com- include engaging the entire passenger

NEWS }<'ROM MANY LANDS

spare on three ships for Sunday-school ence indorses the ide-a of providing delegates from North America. These chapels at Army posts wherever posships will sail on June 7, 1924, from sible. It believes that the effect of Montreal, from New York, and from erecting a physical habitation for the Philadelphia. Meetings and social religious idea will stimulate interest functions will be arranged on each in services and other religious work." boat. Blocks of reservations on other steamers have been reserved for those U. P. ·Ho:me Board Reorganized who wish to start earlier than June 7th and take one of the pre-Conven- FOLLOWING the tendency appartion tours either through Europe or ent in certain other denominations, to Palestine and Egypt. the last General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church required Our Army Chaplains that the three boards working in the home field, the Board of Home Mis- THE conference on moral and re- siom;, the Board of Freedmen's Mis- ligious work in the Army, which sions, and the Board of Church was held in Washington in June, em- Extension, should be united into one phasized the importance of this aspect board having twenty-seven members of the national life. In his report to charged with the responsibility of the President the Acting Secretary of pressing forward every department of War said: "The conference was church work in the home land. Rev. called, in keeping with the nation- W. 1. Wishart, D.D., reports the forwide sentiment for a quickened in- mation of special committees on Proterest in the fundamentals of religion, motion and Publicity, Education and to consider plans for a more intensive Contacts with the Workers and Fields, general program of moral training for with a Board secretary heading each, soldiers, to develop community con- and continues: tacts, and to recommend those policies and activities which will strengthen "The members of the enlarged board are the religious program for Regular working together with the heartiest enthusi· Army posts and stations and safe- asm. The secretaries are alert and fruitful guard young men who enter the of practical plans and suggestions. The various training camps. The .confer- difficulties growing out of the merger are euce was unique in that it was pan- disappearing as methods of administration sectarian, as indicated by the list of are worked out. The outlook fOl· mission personnel and the leadership. There work in the United Presbyterian Church was absolute unanimity in all pro- seems particularly good." nouncements and findings." Better Colored Schools Among the recommendations were these: "This confe'rence earnestly I T is gratifying and encouraging to urges that such provision be made in note the interest being taken by the numerical strength of chaplains many Southern State Legislatures in whereby every soldier of the Army, the education and wel:Eare of the Newherever statioI1ed, shall have full gro. Among the latest news of thi~ opportunity to receive the personal nature reported in the Southern counsel, guidance, and services of a Workman, is the announcement that chaplain. .. This conference believes the South Carolina Legislature recentthat the religious influence in the ly voted "$98,000 for the Negro State Army can be deepened and strength- College, $41,000 for the Negro boys' ened and the efforts of chaplains can reformatory, $1,500 for the Negro be made more productive of beneficial fair, and the chance to share in the results if a closer relationship can be high-school appropriation by complyestablished and maintained between ing with certain conditions." South the chaplains and their respective de- Carolina boasts of 14 recognized Nenominational groups… This confer- gro high schools, 15 teachers' training schools, and 35 Rosenwald schools. The Negroes of the State have sup-

LIB MISSIONll .~ , ~'" oN OF THE WORLD

plemented its appropriations by near- byterian church was about to be dedicated. Eighteen months hefore there was but one ly $30,000. "J" Protestant in that thickly-settled district, a woman. Her hushand, a progressive Lynchings in 1923 farmer, deeided to unite with the Protestauts and joined the Presbyterian church in old PRINClPAL R. R. MOTON of the Las Vegas, of which Rev. Charles Cordova 'I'uskegee Normal and Industrial is the devoted and effective pastor. Fifty Institute- reports as follows on the other Spanish-Americans, all adnlts, foiyear's crime and disaster as compiled lowed him in a little over a year, in most by Monroe N. Work of the Depart- cases in the face of persecution. The ment of Records of the Institute: "I Church Erection Board gave these fifty·two find that there were twenty-eight per- memhers $3,000 toward a church, and the sons lynched in 1923-in Arkansas, 2; members themselves contributed their serv- Florida, 8; Georgia, 4; Louisiana, 1; ices as brickma1cers and carpenters, and Mississippi, 8; Missouri, 1; Okla- when I visited the building on May 11, all homa, 1; 'fexas, 2; Virginia, 1. This tllat was needed was a covering of plaster is twenty-nine less than the number to complete the edifice. ". J n Albuquerque fifty-seven for the year 1922. Thirteen he visited the Menaul school for Spanish· of the persons lynched were taken American boys, and in Santa Fe the cor· from the llands of the law, seven from responding school (the Allison-James) for jails and six from offi;}ers of the law girls. If these two schools had adequate outside of jails. Of the twenty-eight facilities they could receive from 400 to 450 persons lynchoo in 1923, twenty-six pupils a year, instead of the 300 they now were negroes and two were whites; have scant rooni for_ For the Spanishtwo of the former were women. We American young people are seeking admisalso found that there were forty-six sion to the Protestant schools, despite hitter instances in which officers of the law opposition from the Roman Catholic archprevented lynchings. Four women, bishop. three white and one colored, were among those thus saved. Six of these The Go'Vernment and the Indian preventions of lynchings were in Northern States and forty in Southern H ON. HUBERT WORK, Secretary States. In thirty-seven of the cases of the Interior, has recently inthe urisoners were removed or the vited one hundred men and women of guards augmented or other precau- national vision, including publicists, tions taken. In the nine- other in- educators, governors of states, churchstances, armed force was used to repel men, and outstanding citizen Indians the would-be lynchers. In eight in- to advise him in reference to the methstances during the year persons ods of changed policy on the part of charged with being connected with the Government in its treatinent of lynching mobs were brought to trial. Indians. 'fhe Secretary recognizes Of the fifty-two persons thus before the importance of determining on such the courts only two were sent to the plans for the Indian's welfare as shall penitentiary. " insure his own participation in those plans and ultimately lead to an edu- Opportunity in New Mexico cated, self-sustaining Indian citizenry. Some of the Indians of today have A MISSOURI pastor was greatly individual wealth (the value of all impressed, on a vacation trip Indian property is estimated at $1,- through New Mexico, by the work be- 000,000,000); 227,000 out of 340,917 ing aone by Presbyterian home mis- have allotments of land totaling 38,- sion agencies in that field, and the 000,000 acres; and two thirds of the great opportunity for additional Indians are citizens. There are 400 work. He is quoted in The Continent Protestant and 200 Catholic missionas fonows: aries at work among the various tribes and groups with respective adherents "Twenty·eight miles north of Las Vegas of approximately 100,000 and 59,000. I visited Ceholla Valley, where- a new Pres- Secretaries of Home Mission Boards doing work for Indians as also the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are in- cluded in the group of advisers selected by the Secretary of the In- for that great neglected field. He terior. repo~~s that ninety per cent or more of the missionaries are ministering to Chinese Children Rescued not more than forty per cent of the population, and less than ten per cent ROM thl) Tooker Memorial Home to the vastly larger Indian popula- for Chinese children, conducted by tion. There are hidden away in the the Presbyterian Board of National valleys and mountains tribes of fifty Missions in Oakland, Calif., Miss thousand to half a million to whom Emma Mills writes of two little chil- the Gospel. of Christ has never gone, dren, to keep whom at the Home and and who WIll never hear it unless misthus rescue them from lives of slavery sionaries carry it to them. Miss Cameron in San Francisco has been working day and night: "They Independent missionaries are doing remember well the day their own fam- some mission work for these Indians ilies sold them from the same village on a small scale. There have been to a strange man who appeared and some few attempts on the part of a asked to buy some little girls. Ah few of the larger boards, such as the Ting's people sold her for $170. She Presbyterian in Mexico and Central was then ten years old and could sing America, the Anglican in Southern very nicely. This stranger then Chile, thc Canadian Baptist in Bobought Ah 'l'ye for $90. Before leav- livia, and a few others, but there has ing China the children were kid- been no consistent and determined efnapped from 'their owner. They were fort by the greater and more responfound and redeemed by the man, who sible agencies looking toward the claimed to be their father. After the evangelization of the Indians of Latin long journey across the Pacific, land- America. ing in Seattle they went on to San Francisco. They were put on the Chi- A commission has been formed to nese stage and every night for several weeks these two children have been study the whole matter throughout acting from nine until one and two in the morning. They found their Latin A!nerica, to bring pressure upon way to our day school in our Chinese Church in San Francisco. There they the Boards of the United States and learned of the Home. Miss Higgins went down to the theater and saw Canada and to minister more adethem the night before they came to us. 'l'heir stories are filled with hard- quately to this neglected group. When ship and sadness, they are very dear children and are so afraid they will the great I,atin American Conference have to go back to their owner that every time I say we are going to San meets in Montevideo inregAaprrdiil~g19t2h5~ Francisco they cry. All of Chinatown more complete facts is up in arms, and moving every possible point to get the children back." Indians will have been gathered so LATIN AMERICA that the conference may formulate .MR. Neglected Indians some adequate plan to reach them L. T. LEGTERS, who has re- cently returned from a long with the Gospel. journey through Central America and Mexico, under the auspices of the THE A Century in Jamaica Pioneer Mission Agency, made a care- United Free Church of Scotful survey of the Indian situatioIi and land is celebrating this year the has come back tremendously burdened centenary of its work in the island of Jamaica. Rev. George Blyth was sent out in ]824 in response to a re- quest by some planters for a mission- ary to instruct their slaves. This was the beginning of the work that now at its centenary, cannot be considered R. a mission, but a fully organized church. Rev. C. Young writes: "When we consider that some still live who were born in slavery we need not think poorly of a century's work. Por manv years Jamaica has manned calculations put the probable number her own"' ~chools, and the island is of visitors to the Exhibition at a dotted over with school buildings, minimum of 25,000,000. British where useful and efficient work is Christians have recognized the oppordone by Jamaican teachers. We have tunities for an evangelistic campaign a native ministry that outnumbers which such an occasion offers. The those sent from home. They are _the whole project received most _careful sons of our Church. Three of them consideration, and a United Commithave seen foreign service in Africa, tee has been formed, representing the and all are respected by the com- Church of England, the Evangelistic munity." Committee of the London Diocesan Conference, the Evangelical Free Head Hunters in Ecuador Churches, the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, the Church Army, FROM the highlands of Ecuador Salvation Army, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. to the east one descends into the C. A., National Young Life Campaign, heavily forested Amazon valley where World's Evangelical Alliance, and he finds himself in the land of the other organizations and interests. Headquarters are to be in an attrac- Jibaros, formerly it very numerous tive bungalow on the Exhibition grounds, near the British Governand warlike tribe who exterminated ment Building. the Spaniards who had established prosperous cities in that region. These c. M. S. Magazine Jubilee people are devil worshipers. If God is good, they reason, they have noth- THE monthly magazine published ing to fear from Him. The devil, how- by the Church Missionary Society, ever, is malignant; therefore he must the Church Missionary Review, was be propitiated by worship and sacri- started in January, 1874, by Dr. fice. The witch doctor is their chief Eugene Stock, who writes in the Deresource in time of sickness and need. cember, 1923, issue: "Looking back War is the normal state of the Jibaro over the fifty years ….. the C. M. S. Indian, first for the purpose of get- staff alone has multiplied nearly fourting wives from neighboring or enemy fold, and its income is about three tribes, second for revenge of injuries times as large as in 1874. Africa, then inflicted upon relatives during these siscanrocwelyopkennowfrnombeeynodndtotheendc.oasJta-lpinae~ wars, then for enemy heads that are had just (lpened its long-locked doors, supposed to bring good luck to the and now has its own organized possessors because of the sacrifice of Church. In India and China the the victim to the devil. During the progress is astonishing. It would take last two centuries the Jibaros have many columns to compare adequately greatly decreased in numbers. Their 1873 with 1923. Any careful student attitude toward thc whites has become will find that the revival and the exmore friendly and they respond read- pansion began at that time." ily to kindly approach.-W. F. JOR- DAN in The Christian Herald. Gospels for Belgian Homes EUROPE THE "Gospel Hunger" in Belgium, described in the REVIEW a year Evangelism at Exhibition ago, has been steadily increasing. THE British Empire Exhibition, to be held at Wembley Park, near Ralph C. Norton, Director of the Bel- London from April to October, 1924, will reproduce in miniature the en- gian Gospel Mission, writes: "We tire resources of the British Empire, and one of its primary purposes is have distributed during this year "to make the different races of the British Empire better known to each something like half a milliOn copies other." The most conservative expert of Scriptures and arreeligGioousspellist,erTaetsutrae~ 90,000 of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ments and Bibles. The sowing of this ter of finance refuses to allow seed, we are convinced, is one of the reasons for this great awakening, and subscriptions from church members in the absence of other agencies such as preaching, etc., which are the ac- for the support of their ministers. customed methods for evangelizing in other lands, is the sole basis for the Any church with less than 300 membeginning of a revival. As a marked illustration of the effectiveness of this bers is forbidden to call a pastor, and method, we have one colporteur who has, in the last four years, put 65,000 this makes small churches and mis- Gospels in homes, and during the same time, sold 12,000 New Testa- sions impossible. The state holds that ments, thus covering 131 towns, cities, and villages, and reaching a territory the majority in any community is encomprising 392,000 people. He seeks to get into every home." titled to the property of any denomi- European "Youth Movements" nation, and that the minister of affairs ALMOST every European country has the right to decide such owner- has a body of youth which to a large extent is aroused to its social ship and can assign the property ac· responsibility–'–that is, young people who realize that they must educate cording to his arbitrary wilL The themselves to the facts and the problems of the present, past, and future. schools for girls belonging to the Re- These so-called "Youth Movements" assume many points of view and formed Church have been seized, and modes of expression, many conflicting even among themselves. This awaken- are being used as hospitals for the ing (with the probable exception of Germany) is restricted to a minority treatment of venereal diseases. Lands of what one can call the youth of each nation. The significant fact is that of the churches have been taken by the minority is so large, and that the awakening is so intense. In Holland the state, allowing the owners only a the "Youth Movement" is almost entirely religious or ethical. It com- small acreage, and their own lands, prises a liberal religious group open to almost all creeds; a student Chris- after having been confiscated, are tian group; and the Practical Idealists' Association. In addition thrre rented to the former owners at proare many small groups-League of Religious Anarcho-Communists, anti- hibitive prices." The only remedy tobacco and anti-alcohol societies, and hundreds of individuals devoted to for some of these abuses is political kindred ideals. action. –Christian Century. State and Church in Roumania Poland and Religious Liberty I T was reported at the meeting of the Presbyterian World Alliance in THE new States created in Eastern Zurich that in Roumania the restric- and Central Europe have inscribed tions on church life are particularly religious liberty in their Constitution. severe. The situation there is de- They are bound to recognize religious scribed in these words: "The minis- bodies who work in their territory and afford them liberty. It is one thing to establish general principles-an- other to put them in operation in lands where the Roman Church has long had a political supremacy. In Poland the Churches that were work- ing before the new Constitution a:re recognized, but there are difficulties confronting the new work that has been undertaken, since the grant of the Constitution which honors reli- gious liberty can become really effec-' tive only when definite legislation in the form of an Enabling Law is passed. Pre-war arrangements make it possible for the older Churches to "carry on" without obstacles being placed in their path. "Denomina- tions previously unknown in Poland" may at any moment by administrative action be placed in perplexity and their work dosed down before any ef- fective appeal may be made to the

West to restrain the agents who de- tamia, and India. The Nile Mission sire to see this done.-Evangelical Press and the American Press at Bei- Christendom. rut are also sending out large quanti- ties of Christian literature. The The Dilemma in Iceland Egyptian secretary of the Society for I N April, 1922, the Parliament of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animah!, Iceland was compelled to suspend a young Mohammedan, recently orits prohibition law (adopted in 1908) dered 1,000 copies of "Black Beauty" because Spain, at present the chief from the Beirut Press and the large purchaser of the salt cod (Iceland's volume recently published by the Nile principal export) declared that she Mission Press on the deity of our would raise her import tax, unless Lord is having a remarkable sale. The Iceland would buy her wines (with monthly Christian paper, Orient and Occident, has become trilingual, and alcoholic content up to 21 %). For- in French, English and Arabic is merly much of this wine was dis- bridging the chasm between the East posed of in America. When the 1923 and West and leading young men to Parliament of Iceland met, no solu- consider the claims of Christ. Mostion was in sight, and the 1922 arrangement was continued, but the lems themselves are aware that the Parliament declared that "although in this session, on account of trade press is the deciding factor in the treaties with Spain, an exception from coming struggle. The editor of the Islamic Review, in London, writes the law regar.ding import of intoxi- concerning their propaganda: cants has been legalized, this excep- The immensity of the task that lies before tion has been made because of demand- Us compels us to the admission that we are ing necessity, but not because the scarcely able to meet the demand single· Parliament would depart from the law that was first passed on account of handed; and all the more so because of the lack of adequate means. We inVite, there- fore, one and an, each and every servant of a general vote among the people." Islam, to help us in the cause. The only Leaders in the World League Against means of uccess to the otherwise impreg- Alcoholism have made considerable efforts to help Iceland secure other nable hellXt of the West is literature. Can we produce it in a quantity sufficiently large to meet the demand ~ The answer lies with markets for her fish, one Scotch busi- our Moslem brothers.

ness man having been particularly active. Since the United States has Spiritual Growth in Egypt helped indirectly to get this small is- REV. WALTER T. FAIRMAN of land into difficulty, cannot America . the Fnited Presbyterian Mission, devise means to absorb some of this wrltes of the marked success that at· surplus of fish which Spain refuses tended a ~eries of conventions for the except at the cost of debauching the deepening of the spiritual life, held Icelanders ~ during November and December at AFRICA four centers in Egypt. "The special subject this year was: The Identifica- Moslems and the Press tion of the Believer with Christ: (1), EGYPT is controlled, Rev. Dr. in Death; (2), in Newness of Life; Zwemer says, "not so much by (3), in Service. Our devoted Egyplaws and religions as by the news- tia~ workers have received a great papers. These batteries have unlimit- uplIft and have gone back to their ed range, and seem to have endless various spheres of labor with their quantities of ammunition." The Mos- faith strengthened and their vision lem press was never so active. In the enlarged. Evangelistic services were native booksellers' quarters, great held in the evenings, and to these the packages of literature are seen ready general public turned out in such for the post and addressed to Tim- numbers as to tax to the utmost the buctoo, Brazil, South Africa, Mesopo- accommodation provided in each

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

place. In Luxor we have a large ordinated, so that they can work tochurch with seating for about 700. gether for the one great aim-salva- This was crowded every night with a tion of the State." most attentive congregation in spite or the fact that opposition meetings Plans fQr African EducatiQn were being held at the same time in the Coptic church in the town. In AN important step in the develop- Zagazig a special tent provided seat- ment of education in Africa has ing accommodation for about 700 men been taken in the appointment by the and women. This was filled to capac- Secretary of State for the Colonies in ity every night and many went away Great Britain of an Advisory Combecause they could not find room. At mittee on Education in the Crown the same time boys and girls were Colonies in Africa. Except in the gathered in the church itself for a definitely Mohammedan areas about special meeting for them alone. They nine tenths of the whole of native numbered about 200 and good work education throughout the continent was done amongst them. Can you has been hitherto carried on by misimagine the situation? In the heart sions. The appointment of this comof a Moslem city, a whole street mittee is an indication of the increasturned into a tent for the holding of ing interest of governments in the religious meetings attended by Chris- subject of education, and since mistians and Moslems and no disturbance sionary interests are represented on and no objection. Ten years ago that the committee, it provides an opporwould have been impossible. Today tunity for consultation between the not only was it possible but it was Government and missions on educadone." tional matters. Its announced purpose is "to study the problems of native A Cabinet Minister's Tribute education· in Africa and to facilitate the cooperation· of governments and THE acting Prime Minister of the missions in the development of a con- Union of South Africa, F. S. structive policy of education on sound Malan, while on tour in Cape Colony lines.' , in the autumn of 1923, paid a great tribute to the work of missionaries. NEAR EAST He said: "The work of the missionary should be recognized as part of In Syrian Villages the uplifting of the native races and part of the administration necessary WITH representatives of the Danto maintain law and order. Where ish Mission to the Orient and the missionaries are concerned, the use of British Syrian Mission, Rev. W. A. force is never, or very rarely, re- Freidlinger, of the American Presbyquired, and that is because of the mis- terian Mission at Zahleh, Syria, resionaries. We are able to govern mil- cently made a tour of several villages lions of natives, not by physical force, around Baalbek. He writes: "In aile not by policemen or soldiers, but by Moslem village very few knew how to the moral force which civilization and read.· A man working in the field was the example and influence of white asked if he could read and answered, men can give. The principles incul- 'No, we do not know here, but. in the cated by the missionaries, which are other village over there they know; based not on physical force, but on for there you will find Christians.' obedience to moral principles and the 'But do you mean to say that the principles of Christianity, should be Christians are better off than you?' supported. We should see that the 'Of course, if the authorities do not relations which exist between the ad- give them a school, no doubt their ministration of the country and the bishop will take care of them; but nomissionaries and their work are co- body cares for us here. ' The presence of these Catholic Christians seems 6 more often to be a hindrance. to the

Moslem than a help. In a mixed vil- their task. The taking on their own lage a young Christian man said to a shoulders by Syrian young men of Moslem :>hopkeeper when the mission- the burden of winning their land to ary asked him to buy a Gospel, 'ThiR Christ means the dawning of a better is not a book for you.' But the Mos- day for Syria." Syrian boys, too, are lem seemed wiser than he, for he just getting the vision. Rev. JJeslie M. took out his money and bought the TJeavitt, American Presbyterian misbook, saying, 'These people have come sionary, writes of two eighteen-yearto give us light and to make us know old boys who had attended a things we did not know before.' conference of secondary school boys. One is now conducting a Sunday- Church Union in Syria school every ,Vednesday afternoon and Sunday morning with an average APROMINENT feature of mission- attendance of fifty. He sent to the ary work in Syria, which is Rtill ~fission for Arabic hymnbooks and in its infancy, but growing, is the they fling hymns and have a prayer project of missionary union. The and the young man leads the discus- United Missionary Conference that sion on such subjects as "The Plan of has been in full swing for several ,Jehovah," "The Principles of Chrisyears joins the societies working both tianity," "Our Success as a Commun· under the .B'rench iu Syria, and under ity or Nation," and "True Patriotthe British in Palestine. One year ism." In the neighboring village the these two branches meet together and other boy organized a football team the altern!lte year they meet as north- and helped plan an entertainment for ern and southern sections, each in the benefit of the vi1lage schooL He their own territory. This union in- also invaded the meeting place of a cludes English, Scotch, Irish, Danish gang of a dozen boys whose custom it and American missionaries. Its func· was to meet every evening, tell dirty tions are purely advisory, but it stories, swear, and kill time. The firRt cements ·the workers and fosters effi· night that he started reading aloud to ciency as well. The Syrian Evangel- them from a good Arabic book a numicals, grouped as they are under the ber of the boys laughed at him and various church politics to which their called him" Preacher. " He continued respective missionary leaders are at- his efforts the second evening and betached, are chafing under these eccle- fore long the whole group was listensiastical divisions and agitating the ing intently to him. subject of combining. Their various denominational affinities are not in- A Motor Cycle in Arabia herited and ingrained, so union is easier, and their number is far from DR. PAUL W. HARRISON, misbeing so great as to thrive in spite of sionarv of the Reformed Church divisions; so that union, for them, in Ameri~a, has just returned to is imperative and quite practicable, Arabia, taking along a motorcycle. once their foster-mother societies en- He hopes to make the journey over courage such a step.-Presbyterian the Arabian Desert, which has hither- Magazine. to taken from ten to fourteen days on camel back, in less than twenty-four Syrian Youth for Syria hours. Ell'. Harrison is a friend of the ruling sheikh of the interior of I N the University of Beirut is a Arabia, Bin Saud, who is anxious group of Student Volunteers who that Dr. Harrison should establish a plan to give their lives for missionary hospital in his capital, Riadh, 250 work in their own land. One of the miles inland from the Persian Gulf. missionaries writes: "They are few, but enthusiastically committed to

Americans. By Joyce Oonstance alyptic beliefs. Its danger' is due

Manuel. l:lmo. IIi pp. 60 cents (cloth). substituting philosophic imaginings Oouncil of Women for Home Missions and for true revelations from God. the Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1923. Leaves from a Chinese Calendar, By Emma G. Lippard. Pamphlet. 12 pp. 50 cents. That is something that all citizens Woman's Missionary Society, United Lu· of the United States should wish to be theran Church in America, 1228 Spruce and help others to be-Better Amer- St., Philadelphia. 1923. 'leans. This may not always mean better Christians but better Christians These mission study lessons by a living in America must necessarily be missionary who knows and loves the better Americans. Miss Manuel has Chinese, present a vivid and true put forth her own ideas as to how to picture of Chinese life for juniors. make Americans better-by meetings, The book is well illustrated and the discussions, stories, studies, dramas chapters describe delightfully the ex- and pictures. She presents material periences of Taro and his friends in for twelve lessons with songs, talks, each month of the Chinese year.

stories of boys and girls, discussions, Adventures with the Bible in Brazil. By the suggested application and pray-er. F. C. Glass. Illns. Map. 12mo. 220 These lessons are inspirational and in- pp. 4s. Piekering and Inglis. Glasgow. formational and will help to teach 1923. children thankfulness, thrift, educational ideals, appreciation of beauty, A missionary of the Evangelical use of money, justice, reverence, re- Union of South America d-escribes adspect for law, loyalty and obedience ventures and incidents on three jourto God. 'rhe treatment is not always neys in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruas strong or on as high a plane as it guay, acros:'l Brazil and westward up might be-for example, reverence is the Amazon to Colombia. He met made to include too much. The test many strange people, had many thrillof these lessons will be in their use. ing experiences, saw the great need of the people because of their igno- Theosophy and Christian Thought. By W. rance of God and discovered the fruit- S. Urquhart. 12mo. 233 pp. $2'.25. The fulness of Bible work even in the Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. midst of ignorant savages and traders. Some of the converts tramped 250 Some people seem to be hypnotized miles to attend a Gospel conference. by theosophy. They do not know what South America is rich iu resources it means but swallow it whole. Here and possibilities, both physical and is an antidote of information. Dr. spiritual, but is especially in need of Urquhart is prof-essor of philosophy spiritual light and power. in the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta and recognizes both the beau- Short Missionary Plays and More Missionties and the false ideas in theosophy. ary Plays. By Margaret T. Applegarth, He shows its scope, its antecedents, its 2 vol. 12mo. 183 pp. and 184 pp. $1.00 contents, its value and its relation to net eaeh. George H. Doran Co. New Christianity. He perhaps deals with York. 1923.

it too leniently, but he is well in- The dramatic method of teaching formed and he seeks to be fair. Dr. and stirring the emotions and will is Urquhart conceives the chief value of becoming increasingly popular, espetheosophy to be its emphasis on the cially among young people. It has ad- reality of the unseen world and apoc- vantages and disadvantages. To 323

many, it is a sugar-coated pill. If as well as church. They give genthe impression finds its outlet in ade- erously, every tenth tree being marked quate expression of a practical sort, LX-" The Lord's Tenth" and every the disadvantages are lessened. These tllnth row of produce in the same way. missionary plays are well thought out This story is a good antidote to some to make the impression. The first of the sensuous volumes recently volume relates to race questions in written on the South Sea Islanders. America, to life in India, Japan, China, Spanish America and medical The Chinese Church National Ohristian missions and the second volume to Oonference, 1922. Report of the Interspecial occasions and methods such as national Christian Conference, Shang- Christmas, Easter, raising money, sell- hai. 8vo. 724 pp. $2.50. The Oriental ing literature and conducting mission- Press. Shanghai. 1923. ary meetings. The results are, perhaps, attained too llasily. Epoch making is the term rightly applied to the Shanghai Conference They are simple and make nse of of May, 1922. The missionary work in men, women and children. They re- China was there reorganized on a new quire few participants, simple prop- basis, giving larger place to the Chierties, and few rehearsals. The les- nese Church. Dr. Rawlinson and his son in each play is clearly taught bu1 co-editors, Miss Helen Thoburn and not unpleasantly stressed. Dr. MacGillivray, have gathered and arranged material from the commis- Pandita Ramabai. By Helen S. Dyer. Illus. sion reports presented to the National 12mo. 113 pp. 48. Pickering and Inglis. Conference as it relates especially to Glasgow. 1923. tqe work and program for the Chi- nese Church. The multitude of sub- Ramabai, who died last year, after jects discussed, as revealed in the thirty years of work for the child index, include: Chinese Religions, A.gwidows of India, was a woman of riculture, Architecture, Literature, great intellectual gifts and of spiritual Evangelism, Boys' Work, the Blind, power. Much of her wonderful life Family Worship; Children; Church is here told in her own words. The Life, Cooperation, Finance, Home volume, written by Mrs. Dyer, has been Problems, Medical Work, Industrial reissued as revised and brought up to Conditions, Ministry, Money, Mosdate. It is a story of faith working lems, etc. Any missionary to China unselfishly through love and reveals or those wishing expert knowledge, what the Gospel of Christ can do for will find this compilation of great val- Indian women. ue.

The Romance of Pitcairn Island. By W. Y. China Mission Year Book. 1923. Edited by Fullerton. Illns. 12mo. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. 373 pp. The Carey Press. London. 1923. Christian Literature Society. Shanghai. 1923. Though it is the scene of one of the modern .miracles of missions, Pitcairn For three years, we have been with. Island is little known except in mis- out new editions of the Year Book and sionary history. The secretary of the it has been a real loss in spite of the Baptist Missionary Society of Eng- publication of the Missionary Survey land visited it recently and tells here volume. China is changing and these ·the thrilling story of its transforma- changes are recorded by fifty-two extion through the influence of a single pert observers, both Chinese and copy of the Bible carried thither by foreigners, from different points of the mutineers of the Bounty. If view. Their contributions on politics, any doubt the power of the inspired missionary work, the Chinese Church, Word of God, let them be convinced Education, Social Reform Movements, by reading this true narrative of the etc., are of great interest and value. South Pacific. The inhabitants are The statistics, map and missionary di- Christians and attend Sabbath-school rectory are in a separate volume. We know of no better way to keep abreast grams are suitable for diil'erent ages of movements in China than through and are of varied value but selections this annual review. can be made that will prove of use to any church, nllssionary society, young Some Boys and Girls in America. By Mar- people's or children's group. garet T. Applegarth. Illua. 8vo. 231 pp. $1.50 neb. George H. Doran 00. How to Produce Plays and Pageants. By New York. 1923. Mary M. Russell. IlIus. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50 net. George H. Doran Co. New Originality and charm mark these York. 1923. home mission stories and their black and white drawings for children. The Like the foregoing volume, this is titles of the chapters whet the appe- a discussion of the uses of the drama tite – "Let's Discover America, " and how to plan and present plays "Little Prince of Wails," "Mind and pageants in order to produce a Your P's and Q's," etc. Children and desired effect on an audience. Some mothers or teachers of children will of the illustrative material is religious find them interesting and instructive. and some patriotic or missionary. The portion of the story of Joseph At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. By given here is commonplace and un- Mrs. D. C. Eby. Portrait. 12 mo. 285 important, adding much to the Bible pp. Bethel Publishing Co., New Car· narrative but without clearly bringing lisle, Ohio. 1922. out the meaning.

The tragic days of war, massacre Enthroned-A Story of Christ. By F. D. and deportation in Armenia have pro- Seward. 8vo. 296 pp. The Stratford duced several graphic and thrilling Co. Boston. 1923. narratives. The present one, by a mIssIOnary, tells of experiences The life of Christ offers rich oparound the Armenian cities of Hadjin portunities for the novelist. It has and Marash. It is a story of suffering romance, adventure, human symand massacre, of warfare and cap- pathy, tragedy and dramatic incident. ture by brigands, of robbery and res- Mr. Seward has used these to good cue, of deportation and relief work, advantage in a straightforward, actold graphically in a way that en- curate and reverent story that follows ables us to sympathize with the mis- closely the gospel narrative and that sionaries and those whom they sought has for its purpose the enthronement to help. of Christ in the heart and life of the reader. While not so thrilling in in- Khama, The Great Afrioan Chief. By J. O. terest as "Ben Hur," it is more true Harris. Portrait. 12 mo. 122 pp. to the spirit and facts of the history $1.25 net. George H. Doran Co., New and does not draw, so much on extra- York. 1923. biblical material or the imagination of the writer as is done in other novels Khama is one of the miracles of mis- of the time of Christ. sions. The thrilling story here given has already been briefly told in the Practioal Lectures on the Book of Job. REVIEW to show what God can do in Frank E. Allen. 12mo. 303 pp. $1.75. human regeneration and what Afri- Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. cans can do to lead their people into Christian light. Job is a fascinating character and the book is an uplifting study, Joy from Japan. Recreation Programs. Ar- neglected by too many Christians. ranged by Catharine A. Miller. Paper. Mr. Allen has unfolded its meaning 8vo. 200 pp. The Heidelberg Press. and practical lessons in this series of Philadelphia. 1923. sermonic lectures. He rightly (we believe) holds .Job to be an historical Games and outings, socials and din- person and considers the story of his ners, tableaux, songs, stories, feasts experience an ancient dramatic presand plays are suggested here to in- entation of truth. The book is studied crease interest and give information on Japan as a mission field. The proin sections, not critically but homi- Places of Quiet Strength. By John Timo· letically, to point out the lessons to be thy Stone. 12mo. 250 pp. $2.00 net. learned in regard to home life, evil, George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. suffering, faith, knowledge of God, wisdom, prosperity, repentance, sal- These twenty-two practical sermons, vation, etc. It is eminently sane, rev- by the well-known and much loved erent and practically helpful. pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, deal with spiritual The Jewish Question and the Key to Its themes in a practical way. They ap- Solution. Max Green, M.D., Philadelphia. peal to men and women who desire George W. Jacobs & Co. strength and vision, a knowledge of God and a Christ-like life among men. A Hebrew Christian deals with the We miss the charm of Dr. Stone's fact of the Jewish problem and the personality, but the essential message various attempts that have been made is here. to solve it. The solution of the Jew- ish problem will eome with the accept- The Mexican Nation-A History. By Her" bert I. Priestley. IIIus. Maps. 8vo. 507 ance by the Jews of Jesus as their pp. $4.00 net. The Macmillan Co. New own Messiah.

The Book of the Lover and' the Beloved. York. 1923.

By Ramon Lull. Introduction by E. Alli· Most Americans know of Mexico but son Peers. 12mo. 115 pp. $1.25. Mac· few know Mexico or the Mexicans. millan Co. New York. 1923. They associate the name with bandits and bull fights, with mines and oil, If ever there was a man with a passionate love for Jesus Christ that man with revolutions and Roman Catholic was Ramon (or Raymund) Lull, the superstitions. Dr. Priestley, the assopioneer martyr missionary to the Mos- ciate professor of Me:xican history at lems of North Africa. In this trans- the University of California, writes lation of some of his devotional writ- the history of the country in order to ings the saintly scholar and witness give the greater American republic a pours out his soul in love of his Master better and more sympathetic underand thoughts of how that love may be standing of the people. The story beincreased and manifested. It is very gins with the discovery by Spaniards stimulating to spiritual life and serv- in 1518, describes the economic, politice. ical history and closes with Car- More Jungle Tales. By Howard A. Musser. ranza's death in 1920. There is much lIlus. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50 net. George said about Roman Catholic missions H. Doran 00. New York. 1923. and their influences but practically nothing of Protestant. The political India is a land of adventure as well influence and program of papal orders as a land that call~ for the message of in Me:xico are largely responsible for Christ, and missionarie~ who preach the chaos. the Gospel also have interesting and thrilling experiences. Some of them, like Jacob Chamberlain and Howard World Friendship Through the Church A. Musser, are skilled in telling of School. By John L. Bobinger. 12mo. their adventures so as to hold their 91 pp. $1.25 net. University of Chicago audiences spellbound. Here is a Press. Chicago. 1923.

bundle of twenty-five stories and Christian internationalism is the lesser incidents and pictures that subject of these ten studies for carry the shadow of the jungle and of churches. They aim at the promotion heathenism but also are shot through of peace through better understanding with the light of Christ. The tales are and greater sympathy. They include full of human interest, for thcy tell an appeal to different ages for misof boys and girls and their conflicts sionary work, broader study, more with wild beasts and with untamed unselfish giving, and active service for humans. Boys and girls will be in- others at home and abroad. A bibliogterested; so will adults. raphy accompanies each chapter. The Message of Mohammed. A. S. Wadia. One can only regret that with so 159 pp. $1.60. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. clear a view of the outlines of his task, and approaching it with so tol- No praise is too high for the spirit rrant and ,no~-controversial a spirit, thc author S pIcture of Islam is so inof fairmindedness and toleration adequate. The strength and magnifi- ~ence of Islam lie in its conception of which characterizes this book. It is an effort to advance the cause of Islam by portraying the elements of truth God. One wonders whether the author which that religion contains and th1ere himself has ever had an adequate view is no bitter word nor harsh criticism. of that conception. If so, his power of p()rtr~ying it is almost nil. Palgrave, 'rhe author has many cordial things who IS the only English author who to say of Christ's teachings and of succeeds at all in showing the dimen- Christianity today. The book is from ~ions and strength of that conception the standpoint of a Modernist Mos- lem. Mohammed was far from per- is utterly condemned by the author of fect: and his teachings, notably on the this work.

subject tohfingpsolythgaatmyhavaendbeednivovrece~ All interested in missionary work contain for Moslems may well read this book. harmful. 'rhe Koran is full of mis- l"rom .it ,-ve get an exceedingly valutakes and of teachings that for us are able sldcbght on our task which is to obsolete. RO lift up Christ that the divine pic- This is an unusual stanupoint for tnre of God and the salvation whid1 He offers can draw mien to Him, eVPI1 Moslem apologists to take. The un- hesitating rejection of superstition. those who have been captivated by the and of outworn social legislation in system of ::'IIohammecl. P. w. H.

Islam, rather t~kes one '8 breath away. With Italy in Her Final War of Libera- tion. By Qhn D. Wannamaker. lllus. The frank admIssion that Christianity 8"0. 29,1 pp. $1.75 net. Fleming H. is more ideally perfect than Mohan~­ medanism, but that .Mohammedanism Revell Co. Xew York. 1923.

is the more vital of the two, is a new and rather startling beginning for The Y. :;I. C. A., by its humani- such a. discussion. The Wahabees of tarian work, contributed much to Cent.ral Arabia would repudiate a man Italy's efficiency in the World War.

makmg such admissions. ::-'[;. Wannamaker writ-es a glowing It is very inadequately realized tnbute to the work among the soldiers am0.ng. Chri.sti.ans, and even among at t~e front, in prison camps and in ChrIstIan ~Isslonaries, how powerful hospItals. Italv had 5000000 men and cOI,n.pelling a system of philosophy mobilized, took· nearly half 'a million underlies Mohammedanism, once its prisoners and had hundreds of thousuperstitions have been sloughed sands wounded in battle or incapaciaway. Ve are going to see eventuallv that to say that lIohammedanism ca~­ tated ,itnhtreoreusgthingilalnnedssinfaonrmd indgisfeaacste~ Slome not be true because it claims to be ~re gIven concermng Italy, the Ital- ~:miversal and its regulations regard- Jans and the War as wen as graphic mg prayer cannot be carried out in accounts of the Y work. About 300 the Arctic regions, is to betray an al- American workers were sent to Italy. most pathetic blindness to the real They did effective work though only questions at issue. When for instance th~ author asserts that the underlying ~ small part of it was strictly relig- phIlosophy and teachings of Moham- 10US.· Too much spacl) is given, per- medanism are more in a~corcl with thr haps, to defend and praise the y. too scientific, industrial ana politica1 much is said as to why the Ame;ican temper of modern times than those of Y did· not go to Italy sool1er and too Christianity, he: occupies a position little is told in the way of actual inci- from which it would be difficult to dents and experiences and the definite dislodge him. results of the work. Twin Travelogues. With paper doll cut directions are followed, the result outs. By Welthy Honsinger. The Abing. should be impressive. don Press. 50 cents each. New York. 1923. Progressive Suggestions for Planning Church Buildings. Plans and Sketches. These cutouts for India and Korea Edited by Elbert M. Conover and Albert are fascinating for young children N. Dobbins. Pamphlet. 48 pp. 50 cents. and very instructive. Travel stories Home Missions Council. New York. 1923. of children in foreign lands accompany the pictures. Use them in the This book will prove a real boon to home and in children's bands – and churches at home and abroad that are don't omit the travel stories. looking for ideas which combine beauty and utility for church and A Young Man's View of the Ministry. S. chapel buildings in city, suburb and M. Shoemaker. 86 pages. $1.25. Asso· country. It also has a good list of ciation Press. New York. 1923. books recommended.

Anyone who is engaged in the work Bible Stories in Rbyme. By Florence E. Hay. Illustrated in color. 4 to 84 pp. of the ministry, and anyone who has The Rodeheaver Co. Chicago. 1923.

at heart the recruiting of the ranks These are rhymes, not poems, and a few are only jingles, but they are of gospellers should welcome this little reverent and orthodox and tell the Bible stories so as to teach the lessons volume as much as the young men in intended. "Poetic license" causes oc- casional liberties with the Bible text, their hour of decision as to their life as when the "forbidden fruit" in gden is called an "apple." Most of work to whom this young minister has the words are simple and easily under- stood by the young boys and girls who primarily addressed his message. will find it easy to memorize the rhymes. The pictures are good. The Young Man'8 View of the Ministry is simple and practical as well as A. Correction.-John Lewis Hill, author of "When Black Meets helpfully (not fulsomely) personal. White, " is not a colored man, but is t.he white pastor of a church in Nash- The six divisions of the book-The ville, Tennessee.

Work, The Message, The Call, The NEW BOOKS Need, The Reward, An Appeal-com- Persian Women and Their Ways. C. Col· bine to send a ringing challenge to liver R.ice. Illus. Map. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923. men to givE' over their lives to Christ Unconquered Abyssinia As it is Today. to be used by Him in the abundant Charles F. Rey. Illus. Map. 312 pp. living and joyous serving He came 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923.

to give. R. M. L. The Black Republic. Liberia, Its Social and Political Conditions Today. Henry New Blood. By Louise Rice. Illustrated. Fenwick Reeve. 200 pp. lOs, 6d. With· 12mo. 110 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. erby. London. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 1922. In Witch-Bound Africa. An Account of Immigrants furnish the material the Primitive Kaonde Tribe and Their for thesE' little "stories of the folks Beliefs. F. II. Melland. Illus. Maps. who make America." Though light 316 pp. 21$. Seeley, Service. London. reading for young folks and for mis- 1923. sionary circles, they will help to awaken interracial sympathy and a After Livingstone. An African Trade desire to help aliens. Romance. Fred L. M. Moir. lIlus. Map. 200 pp. 68. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon- India Painting Book. By Elsie A. Wood don. 1923. and Henry T. Vodden. Church Mission· ary Society. 1$. London. 1923. The Basuto of Basutoland. Eric Dutton. Illus. Map. 132 pp. lOs, 6d. Cape. Those who have seen the painting London. 1923. books of Egypt and other lands will (ConcZuded on 3d eover) welcome this. It is very attractive.

World Service. A Religious Pageant. By Alfred Luke Fanst. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 25 cents. Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1923.

Musical numbers are suggested, costumes, stage setting and lighting. If

~e MOSLEM

cA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M.· ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

REv. H. U. WEITBRECHT ST.~NTO;/. Ph.D.. London. REV. V. ST. CLAIR TISD.{LL. Ph.D.. London.

PROF. D. B. lIJcCDON.LD. M.. .• D.D.. Hartford. Conn. MR. MARSHALL BROOMHALL, London.

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A., Cairo. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.. India.

REV. IV. G. SHELLABEAR. D.D .. Madison. N. J. REV. A1"THUR JEFFREY. M.A.• Cairo. Egypt.

REV. S. RALPH HARLOW. M.A., Smyrna.

THIS is the only magazine in English which gives first. hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on The Present Situation in the Near East; The Shari-Chad Country, Central Afdca (with maps); Moravian Missions to Moslems; The Outlook in North Africa; France a Disintegrator of Islam; The Sudanese Woman's Ontlook on Life; The Holland Mission in Egypt; Mohammed's Birthday; Turkey Seen from Tarsus; Islam in Bulgaria; Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia.

Its Chronicle of Current Events is unique. Book Reviews and a Survey of Periodicals appear in each number.

Keep in Touch With Those Who THE MOSLEM WORLD, Know 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

WSend today for lhe latest number- the Gentlemen: demand soon exhausts the supply. [ ) Enclosed find $1..00, for ",bich please enter my subscTiption 10 Single copies SOc. Annual subscription $2.00 THE MOSLEM WURLD for one yea'. In Combination witb tbe REVIEW $3.50 [ ) Encloled please qod $3.50 (foreign postll,l!e SOc) for which please enter my I!!ubscripti"n to THE ~108LRM WORLD !lnd THE MIS- SIONARY REVIEW 01<' THE WORLD.

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City .. ________ .. ________ … Oollntry. __ _ NEW BOOKS Lehner. Edited by George .T. Fritsche!, D.D. $1.25. Wartburg Publishing (C""c1url('(l from page 3::7) House. Chicago. ] 923.

The Re[l Chinese in America. .T. S. 1'0"". Chalmers of New Guinea. Alexander Illus. 168 pp. $1.50. Academy Press. SmalL Illus. 176 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder Xew York. 1923. & Stoughton. London. 1923.

War: Its Causes, Consequences and Cures. Jackson of Moukden. M,·s. Dugald Christie. Kirby Page. 207 pp. $1.50. George H. Illus. 155 pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stough· Doran Co. Xow York. 1923. ton. London. 1923.

American Bible Society One Hundred and Livingstone the Master Missionary. Hubert Seventh Annual Report-1923. American F. Livingstone Wilson. Dlus. Map. 230 Bible Society. Kew York. 1923. pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon· don. 1923. India Pie-a Book of Stories and Pictures. Various Autltors. 61 pp. 18. Clturclt Japanese Civilization: Its Significance and ).IissionHl'y Society. London. 1923. R.ealization. R. Staomi. 238 pp. lOs, 6d. Regan Paul. London. 1923. Year BOBk of Prayer for Missions, 1924. 25 cents. ).fission Boards of the Presby- Education in China. Edited by T. T. Lew terian Church in U. S. A. and T. T. Teng. $2.50. (Mex.) Mission Book Co. Shanghai. 1923. At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. Mrs. D. C. Eby. 285 pp. Bethel Publishing Southern Tibet. Sven Hedin. 9 vols. 2978 Co. :'ew Carlisle, Ohio. 1922. pp. Rr. 700. Lithographic Institute of the Swedislt Army. Stockholm. Every Foreign Woman-a Modern Miracle Play. Alice W. S. Brimson. 11 pp. 15 Wanderings in Arabia. 2 vols. Cltarles cents. VVoman's Americau Baptist Home M. Doughty. (New Edition.) Vol. T. Mission Society. 2969 Veruon Avenue, 309 pp. Va.!. II. 297 pp. 20s. Duck- Chicago. ] 923. worth. London. 1923.

The Spread of Christianity. Paul Hutchin· The Awakening of Palestine. Edited by son. lIlus. Maps. 276 pp. $1.50. Leonard Stein and Leon Simon. Essays Abingdon Press. New York. 1923. by Varions Writers. 326 pp. 78, 6d. Murray. London. 1923. Atlas of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. Index. Maps by Stephan Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIE1'f OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

in the UNITED

Need Your Help for a Place to Worship Will You Be One to send $.5.00 01' more to build this church-the only one for lepers in America?

number of lepers in the United States is incrE'asing, and must in-' crease unless they' are properly segregated. The Government has provided Hospital Sixty-six iu ~lOuthe1'll Louisiana "as a leper colony which may soon house 500 lepers. ~ican Christians must, however, provide religious consolation, in- struction and a place of worship-The Government cannot do it. Will you help ~ The Roman Catholics have already provided a, priest and an attractive and commodious chapel for their constituency, but this does not meet the needs of the Protestant lepers. The Protestant Chapel, funds for which are being raised by The Ameri- can Mission to LepElrs, will COHt about $52,000. The Protestant chaplain is already on the field and is proving a blessing to these sufferers. The clergymen of New Orleans and Baton Rouge are cooperating in the "York. Every Christian Church in America should have a part in fnIing this great neE'd. Ten thousand shares at $5.00 each will make possible the erection of this chapel. FiYe thousand shares already taken. Will you or your church, or both, take one or more shares in this Christ- like world DO IT NOW!

THE NEED IS IMMEDIATE Let Your Benefactions Live After You THIS IS A PART OF A WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM TO CLEANSE THE LEPER and TO RID THE WORLD of LEPROSY

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1923

A RECENT PORTRAIT OF GENERAL FENG YU-SHIANG

Ships Orders to Missionaries all Over the World At Home and Abroad We have customers in great numbers in every countryof the world, and we render special service to our customers in Foreign fields. The picture above shows actual orders packed and ready to ship to Missionaries. Perhaps some Of your friends will receive one of these shipments.

Our Missionary Bureau Gives particular attention to orders for shipment to Foreign Mission Fields. • This Bureau is the outgrowth of the service rendered to the early Mission- aries who went out nearly haIf a century ago, when it was so difficult to get supplies to them. Since that time, Missionaries all over the world have been buying from us because they know that we furnish, and can safely ship prac- tically everything they need – Food, Underwear, Shoes, Dry Goods, Books, Household Articles Tools, Office Appliances, Hospital Supplies, Pianos and Organs, all standardquality, at money saving prices. We know how to pack for ocean and distant inland transportation. We absolutelyguarantee safedelivery• Forwarding Service Churches, miSSionary societies, families and friends of MiSSionaries, can arrange with us to send any articles, even entire households, to foreign points, whether the good. were purchased from ua or not. Saves time, worry, trouble and money. Detailed information will be given gladly. Wherever mails go, Montgomery Ward & Co. has customers – and they are satisfied customers. For further information, address; 1I!IJIIIj'QOIfJ/g7I6td1(6 Missionary Bureall Chicago, IIIinoili PI…. mention THJI M.I88ION.l.RY RBVIBW or 'rEm WORLD in writiDc to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON. Ui…

CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1923 FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A RECEXT POI"'R.IT OF GEKER.l, FF."" OF CHINA Page 597 EDITORIALS … , ……………. ,……………… ……… 603 POLITICS AND RELIGION IN ITALY 607 RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN EUR()PE 611 A WORLD CONFERENCE FOR WORKERS WITH Boys 620 THE IMMIGRANT-ASSET OR LIABILITy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRED H. RINDGE, JR. A study of why EuropelVns come to America and the ;.njfuencf8 that dete,'"dne 627 thei,r "elation to American and Ch,-i.•tian ideals. 631 XEW LIFE IN OLD GREECE ………………………… CHARLES T. RIGGS 635 A very interesting account of the sig118 of prog"ess in modern Greece' and the 637 breaking down of anment pnjudices. 641 646 'fHE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA ………………. L. O. HARTMAN 650 The Edito·,. of "Zion's Herald," who hlVs recently visited Russia a,nd attended 653 the All-Russia. Church Congress with Bishop Brake, writes of his impressions of 667 religion and the Soviet r1.1ens.

SHALL WE SEND FEWER MISSIONARIES TO CHINA .. MILTON T. STAUFPER In v1,ew of the recent asswmption of leadership on the part of Chinese Chris- tians, the Editor of the centennia./, volume 011. the "Christia·n Occupation of China" di…cusses the question of the. need of lVdditional foreign missiono.-ie.s_ WINNING AN ARMY TO CHRIST ……….. __ …………. '.' HWANG CH'ING A remarkable account of the evangelistic work in Genera! Pong's Chinese army which re81llted in the baptism of 4,000 Chinese soldie·rs in Peking.

THE GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN HUNGARY … _.. E. D. BEYNON A Hungarian pastor in America gives, from forst hand knowledge, the story of progress tow(l1'd freed01n in his native land and the growth of the Church simce the war.

CHRIST'S CAUSE AMONG THE JEWS …. _. _……………. J. S. CmWING An account of a1t iimportant meeting in th€! interests of Jewish evangelization at Princeton in June.

WOMEN'S WORK IN THE METROPOLIS _…….. _…… _. EDITH H. WmTE The story of one hundred years' Mhievcmenl of the Woman '.• Branch of the N ew York City Mission Society.

BEST METHODS IN FEDERATED WORK ………….. __ .MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… _…………… __ . . . . . . . .

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETI~ … _.. EDITED BY FLOREICE E. QUINUN :r-.~WS FROM MANY LANDS ……….. _…… __ ……….. _…. __ . _. . . . .

THF. MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……. _… _………. _. . . . . …. _. . . . .

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in dubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Ine. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, Preaident Delavan L. Pierson, Secretar:r l'ublic:ation offic•• 3d I: Reily SII.• Harr.aburll, Pa. 25" a cop,. $2.50 a ,.ear Entered al …ond-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburc. Pa., under Act of March 3, ,879. PERSONALS ~ Stony Brook School DR. J.DlES HFNDERso:'<, for lllany years FOR BOYS Principal of Lovedale Institute, South Afri· ca, who has been spending a few months in A preparatory school where all instruction has a the United States, says that tbe Negro in ftohuen~dtautdioynoof tfhCehrBiSibtilbe.Dhafsaiathcoamnmd apnrdininc&ipplelas~' ewinhtehree America is in every way a hundred years currie u lum;wherethe Be hoo1atmosphere is genuinely ahead of the native of South Africa. Christian and the chief aim is to develop ChriJlian char- REV. CLELAXD B. McAF:EE, D.D., profes' actn' in conjunction with sound academic training. sor of Sys~ematie 'rheology in McCormick Hl'miJl:l ry, and a member of the Presbyte- Prepares for colleges, technical schools or business ,ian Board of Foreign Missions for eighteen University-trained faculty maintaining the hIghest y<'ars, has been commissioned by the Board academic standard. Outdoor sports including to visit India, China, and .J apan in the win- swimming, iootball, basketball, tennis, track. All ter of 1924-25 as the first ledurer on the athletics carefully supervised. recently established Joseph Cook Founda- Only twenty new students can be admitted for t.on. 1923-'24. Applications for emranl'e therefore. will be considered in the order in which they are recelvt:d.

For ,CatalOll~ AdJre•• JOHN F_ CARSON. D.D•• LLD.. Preoident or DR. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, chairman FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. A.M. Principal of the Board of Trustees of the Amer lean University at Cairo, Dr. Charles R. Watson, BOl< E Stony Brook, Long I.land, N. Y. PrEsident of the American University at Cairo, and Dr. R. S. McClenahan, Dean of the University recently called on King Fuad 1 of Egypt and diseussed with him the frien(lly relat'ons between Egypt and the lTuite<1 States. with spedal emphasis on the Clu'istian missionary effort in Egypt and the WOl'k of the Americau University at Cairo.

** THE REV. T. H. DARLOW, M.A., has, after :33 years, resigned as Literary Superintendent of the Brit'sh and Foreign Bible Society_ He has been succeeded by the Rev. E. W. Smith of the Primitive Methodist Ohurch. MISSIONARY BOOK * FREE REV. AND MRS. PHIKEAS B. K:ENNEDY, for About India. Up-to-date. many years as missionaries of the American Articles on Caste, Idola- Board in Albania, sailed on July 11th to try, Women of India, Prestake up their work again as independent ent Christian Results, Unmissionaries in that neglected field. For occupied Districts, etc., etc. financial reasons, the American Board has Orthodox and non – sec- 110t been able to continue the work -and nO tarian. Written by misother society has, as yet, entered in their sionaries. "A witness of place. Contribntions to the work may be God's power to save." sent to The Albanian Mission Fund, clo Guaranty Trust Co., 140 Broadway, New A t l t l r e. . York City. Mr and Mrs. Kennedy's address will be the American Miss~on, Kortcha, Al- PILGRIMS MISSION bania. * ** DR. PAUL W_ HARRISON received the degree of D.Se. from Hope College in June, in recognition of his services in Arabia and )iesopotamia in the investigation of the cause and c.nre of disease and his impor~ant articles contr:buted to medical journals.

* REV. E. E. CALVERY, of the Reformed Church Mission in Arflbia, completed at Hartford his special Btndies throu~h two furloughs and th.. period on the field be- tween as a result of which he received the degree of Ph.D., ,,,agna cu'm la·ude, * 60S Union Leape Building Loa Aneele•• Calif. OBITUARY REV. D. L. SCHULTZ, the labor evangelist of the Baptist Home Mission Society, died nt hi" home in Philadelphia on June 15th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIBW 01' THE WORLD in writing to adverUlen. (Photograph loaned by the Board ot Foreign MIssion.-of the Methodist Episcopal Churtlll.

Bee pale 627)

MISSIONARY

EVIEWt£ VOL. AUGUST, 1923 NUMBER XLVI EIGHT POLITICS A.ND RELIGION IN ITA.LY T HE FaSicisti seem to be carrying on the government of Italy with considerable success. Economies have been effected to the amount of several hundred million lire, political scandals have been cleared up, Bolshevist propaganda has been firmly dealt with, moral reforms have been enforced, the streets have been freed from many open seductions to vice, public service has been improved and a volunteer militia of 200,000 men has been organized for national defence. Premier Mussolini is apparently endeavoring to make Italy great in reality rather than only in name, to put nobility of national spirit before extension of territory and, as he says, to "transmute the forces of the Italian spirit into forces of life." There is still some signs of struggle between the Church of Rome and the State of Italy, but the Papacy is endeavoring to establish friendly relations with the party in power.

The government has recently decided to introduce religious instruction into public schools but the details have not yet been worked out. Prof. Gentile, commissioner of Public Instruction, desires to "graft the branch of historical studies on the stem of Christianity… The history of religion," he says, "presupposes two necessary factors which have been lacking to Italians: Religious liberty and the conception of the profound, essential value of religion. The Italian mind has oscillated, and still continues to oscillate, between the illiberal conception of Catholicism, which suppresses the individual and, as a consequence, the freedom for any scientific, speculative, 01' even rational inquiry in the field of dogma-which for the Catholic comprises the whole field of the religious life-and the untrammelled inquiries of philosophy which know of no limiting norm for the inquirer… pitifully small is our preoccupation with religion, and that assuredly is a great loss for our moral life and for our national fibre The Idealism of today is under yoke neither to Catholic barriers 697

nor to rationalist abstractions; it is the first Italian philosophy which sets a high value on religion."

The religious instruction in the schools will be given by the regular staff, not by priests, and it will be historical in character. Gentile has abolished several holidays in connection with festivals of the Church which had been smuggled in to please the Popular (Catholic) Party.

~n interesting light is thrown on Mussolini's attitude to the Church says a writer in A Voice from Italy, by a book he has written on John Bus, the Truth-Speaker. "The great corruption of the Church of Rome in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and following centuries has now been fully attested and brought into clear light by historic documents. No country of Europe can be said to have been immune from the moral scandals occasioned bv the lives of ecclesiastics … The invectives of the Italian poets, Da~te and Petrarch, are the cries of souls embittered by the spectacle of a degeneration which carried all before it … The ritual part of religion is an element of secondary importance.. The priest is, perhaps, a useless intermediary between man and the divinity. The condemnation of the territorial power of the Popes and of the temporal power of the clergy in general could not have been more explicit. But the catholic clergy, five centuries after the preaching of Hus, have not changed their conduct … but what the priests of those days could not tolerate, what the priests of today cannot tolerate either, was the merciless, open, and documented denunciation of their scandals and their shames … the sale of indulgences, the scandalous merchandise carried on with regard to the remission of sins, the traffic in ecclesiastical offices, rekindled the heretical movement. John XXIII proclaimed a crusade agaiust the King of Naples, promising great spiritual advantages to the crusaders. To find the money for this crusade the papal leg'ates were commissioned to sell indulgences… The catholic historian never divests himself of his priestly character, and always is inclined to justify, if not to apologize for, the acts of the Church, even when barbarous …. The heretic Hus deserved to be burnt, and the infallible Church of Rome, like the Divine Lamb, is pure from every sin, nor does remorse for offences committed disturb her rest. Happily there is another kind of history which does not lend itself to buttress up sects more or Jess false and dangerous, and in this history the figure of Hus, the Truth-Speaker, stands out pure and radiant in the divine light of martyrdom."

There are not wanting signs that the power and the claims of the unseen are being felt among large classes of the community. Mussolini's evocation of the name of God, in his opening address to the Chamber, does not stand alone. When the victory was Hecure the eentral committee of Italian Republics issued a manifesto which began: "Citizens redeemed by the power of God," and closed with

EDlTORIAL COMMENT

the prayer that" God would continue to illuminate him (Mussolini) in order that he may be a true interpreter of His law."

J oumals which have gone out of their way to declare their antiovangelical sentiments, now eontain articles with affirmations which form part of the evangelical program. One such article, headed "Spiritual Crisis," closed as follows: "Our belief is that Christianity still retains within itself mighty forces, but these can only be liberated by a return to the primitive Christianity."

The Voice /1'01n Italy reports that some time ago a referendum was opened among the University professors, who were asked to state their impressions, from daily contact with the students, of the spirit that informed the cultured youth of Italy after the experiences of the war. Here are some of the replies: "There is a much greater and more open adhesion to religions principles" (Genoa).

"The problems of the inner life, of the absolute and the transcendent, of religion, today awaken lively interest" (Rome).

"There are aspirations towards a more intellse and thoughtful spirituality') (Padua).

"Moral and religious problems have the predominating place in their consciousness" (Turin).

"They feel the need of believing" (Padua). As to the position of the great, body of the Italians, a journalist of some note has recently written: "Italy is least religious of all the J~uropean nations and least Catholic of all the so-called Catholic countries. The Italian is much of an individualist in his religion. Above all, he loves his own freedom: when he believes it is in a manner of his own; he has no excessive love for those who would be mediators of his religious conceptions … " "What is the situation today? Of the thirty-eight million Italians, how many are truly practising and convinced Catholics V One of the precepts of the Church is that he who does not hear mass on Sundays and on the other appointed festivals commits sin. How many Italian citizens go to mass on Sunday? Not more than one tenth do so. And how many, out of that tenth, attend mass with true Catholic eonviction? Not more than a tenth of that tenth. The rest attend from habit, or because they are compelled to, or to have an opportunity of airing their fine clothes, or for still other motives which it is needless to further define, specially when one has in view the frequenters of the mass at mid-day in the towns. Another of the precepts of the Church is to believe all that the Pope declares as 'of faith.' I know not a few choice Catholics, who zealously practice their religion-advocates, members of parliament, and others-who, when I have pressed them closely, have smiled when I asked whether they believed in papal infallibility, in immaculate conception, in transuhstantiation. Can such persons be truly called Catholics 1 Fifty peT

cent of the priests themselves, specially those of a higher culture, follow a Catholicism which is certainly not that .of His Holiness the Pope .. , Can it then be said that Italy is truly Catholic1 Politically, it may be so; but religiously it is not so." , Here is the opportunity of the evangelical Christian faith. One of the most obvious forms of evangelical effort is the dissemination of the Scriptures, and this past year has seen a larger distribution than ever before. Opposition is not wanting. But the work advances despite the gainsayers. Of the deplorable Bible ignorance of edu- cated Italians, the following instances may be given. Panzini, in two "ridey-read novels, several times refers to "the parable of the seven wise, and the seven foolish virgins." In another book he attributes to Moses the words: "Ye are the salt of the earth." Luzzati, Italy'S greatest authority on political economy and a reader of the Bible, '1:ites in a review: "St. Paul himself taught his converts, I foxes have holes,' "etc. Professor Scherillo, in a learned study on Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, has occasion to refer to the law of retaliation, "an eye fQr an eye," etc., in use among the Hebrews, and adds that this law is also sanctioned in the Gospels. Another writer places Pharaoh's dream in the Apocalypse. A popular novelist writes: ".Jesus said to St. John, 'Beware of marked men.''' This is a popular saying in Italy. A leader writer gets the length of saying "Potiphar was a woman-and what a woman!"

The translation of the whole Bible into Italian has recently been completed by Dr. Luzzi, of the Evangelical Church, and will un- doubtedly reach a class of the community hitherto untouched almost..

Recently Dr. Luzzi had the honor of an interview with the King, to whom he presented the first completed volume of his labors. His Majesty showed interest and, in conversation, proved himself to pos- sess a knowledge of Biblical questions far from common.

The political, intellectual and spiritual awakening of Italy may have a wonderful influence not only on the Italians but on Europe.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN EUROPE POVERTY, resulting from the war and from international dis- trust, has a powerful influence on the religious situation in Europe. Naturally, people most deeply concerned about their material welfare, neglect the support of religious workers. Consequently pastors and their families suffer, receiving little or no salaries. This is especially serious when prices are soaring and when, the price of a loaf of bread is sometimes more than equivalent to house rent for a year before the war.

Unrest among all classes, especially the youth, increases the problem of establishing life on a firm, Christian foundation. Nevertheless, visitors from America declare that there is evident a

EDITORIAL COMMENT

deep heart hunger, especially among the student classes and that they respond readily to Christian instruction. Dr. Sherwood Eddy writes of recent meetings with Czech, Russian, Ukranian, Slav, German, Jugo-Slavic and other students in the ancient Austrian Castle at Pre- vov and of other services in Prague when many young men, including R,oman and Greek Catholics, "free-thinkers" and Protestants en- rolled in Bible classes to study the life of Christ.

In Germany, there is a revolt against the Church and at the same time there are some signs of religious awakening. Religious instruction has been barred from public schools and nothing has taken its place in the churches. The reaction against the Church, writes Rev. S. G. Ruegg, has been due largely to its domination by the State and. its connection with the aristocracy. Those who worked for the common people were, by imperialists, called socialists. Today socialists have their" Sunday schools" but they teach atheism. Churches are having a difficult time but their freedom means new liberty and may mean new power. There are signs that trial is producing heroes of the Oross-men who speak the truth of Christ without fear or favor. A new Missionary Association has been formed to intensify spiritual life and to do Christian work. Young people are breaking away from conventional forms of religion and seek to express themselves in practical, social ways. They need strong, wise leadership to direct them in the Living Way of Christ.

In Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and other countries of Central Europe, there are still strong religious reform movements and evidences that people are hungry for true religion and vital contact. with God. People crowd the churches and will listen as long as a man with a vital message will preach. Multitudes are ready to respond to an invitation to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord.

Russia's suspicious attitude is indicated by the fact that when Miss Jenny de Mayer tried to take a box of Bibles into soviet territory from Persia, permission was refused on the ground that no :religious literature, not printed in Russian, is permitted to enter. There are many evidences that the Bolshevist rulers have not learned a lesson from the Czar's regime and that while they objected to the State Church as a tool of the imperialistic party, they are determined to make the Church not wholly subservient to the Soviet Government or to cause its weakness and death. Russia is still starving-but more spiritually than physically. The children, the aged, the students and the Christian workers are now the chief sufferers from physical want, but all need the Word of God by which man must live. A ray of hope is expressed by Ernest Gordon who says that despite all the excesses of Bolshevism, in some places, a mighty movement is proceeding which is almost without parallel in the history of Christendom. Priests that are awakening to the need of preaching a vital Gospel

preach to crowded churches. In Siberia, whole villages have gone over to evangelical Christianity. In one town, three thousand were baptized in one day, and in the government of Khaskov, five hundred new Russian evangelical churches are reported.

All Europe is in the balance. Rival forces are pulling the people up and down, Godwal'd and away from Him. Now is the time for Christian forces in America and elsewhere to cooperate with God and all His workers to give the Gospel of Christ in its fulness to the starving people of Europe. Especially do the children and young people need an opportunity for Christian training.

WORLD CONFERENCE OF' BOYS' WORKERS BOYS are simply men in the making, even as young shoots are trees or flowers, vegetables or shrubs in process of develop- ment. Boys inherit certain appetites and tendencies from their parents and are rich in possibilities for good or evil. 'l'hey are especially susceptible to environment and to personal influence. It is, therefore, 'Of the utmost importance to give them the most helpful leadership, the highest ideals and the best environment possible. The study of the boy and his problems calls for the finest mental and spiritual abilities and devotion by pastors and laymen. The Church and the State, as well as the home and the school, may well unite to do all in their power to develop the finest, strongest Christian character and vbility in the boys of the world.

One sign of the growing consciousness of the importance of this problem is the number of organizations for boys that have been formed in Churches and communities-boys clubs, Boy Scouts, Knights of King Arthur, boys' branches of Y. M. C. A., etc. Another sign of progress is the number of books written on boys and how to deal with them. :Many of these are the result of rich experience.

Still other evidences of interest in the subject are the conferences of boys and workers among boys that are held all over the world. One of the most recent and most important was the second World Conference of Workers among Boys, held for twelve days in June at Portsehach, Austria, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association. Delegates (many of them in picturesque garb of their native lands) came from forty-five countries, including twenty-three European nations, North and South America, India, China, Turkey, Hawaii and Iceland.

Frank discussions were directed by such leaders as Dr. John R. Mott, Sherwood Eddy, Carl Fries of Denmark and Dr. Jules Bovet, the noted Swiss psychologist. The delegates voted that the time is ripe to proceed with a comprehensive program for the boys of the whole world and pledged the support of six men for three years to direct and extend the work.

TO MAKE IMMIGRANTS AN ASSET-TEACHING TURKISH ALBANIA NS E

The Immigrant-Asset or Liability?

BY FRED H . RINDGJ<J, JR., NEW YORK Secretary with Industrial Department, I n ternational Y. AI. C. A.

M ANY have the idea that the emigrant, desiring to visit Amer- ica, just packs his littl e trunk and comes! As a matter of fact, he probably has no trunk, but numerous large bundles, and the process of coming is a most venturesome and complicated undertaking.

He first applies for a passport, which mayor may not be granted, according to the desire of the mother country. If he is wanted for war, or for some particularly needed form of labor, his request is gemwally unavailing. But if he is not seriously needed at home, if he answers innumerable questions satisfactorily and if he has comp leted his military service, has good health and has not been in jail recently, he may, after some delay, secure the precious passport. Then he must obtain an American vise from the nearest American Consul, who may, quite inconveniently, be farther away than our potential immigrant has ever t rav eled 1Jefo1'e. After some delay, the answering of many other question s allel the r>ayment of ten dollars, 003

he may secure his vise. He must also secure vises for every country through which he is to pass en route to the port of embarkation.

. When he is reasonably sure of going, he returns to his little farm, sells his possessions, packs up and sets out on the greatest adventure of his life! At every frontier he must get out of the train, bag and baggage, and submit to annoying customs inspection regardless of the time of day or night. At last he reaches the port and is put up at the company hotel. Here he is thoroughly" deloused," whether he needs it or not, and examined-possibly every day. If delays have caused him to miss his ship, he must wait for the next one. If .the monthly quota for his nationality is full, he must wait until next month, tired and discouraged and exploited all along the line. His final inspection is efficiently given by an American health officer.

After his steerage journey, and a thorough ~xamination at Ellis Island, (of which he has mortal dread), if he is not one of the forty or more "excluded classes," passes the medical and literacy tests, has sufficient money and a real destination, he is finally admitted into the" Promised Land." If friends do not meet him, he is immediately set upon by grafting porters, taxi drivers, cheap hotel runners and crooks. This is his first real welcome to America! Small wonder that he is prepared to believe the worst about his new country!

Verily, a man who is ready to undergo so much deserves the best we can give him-after he arrives! There are over 14,000,000 foreign-born and 22,000,000 of immediate foreign parentage in the United States today. What a challenge! After visiting twenty-three countries from which emigrants come, I can no longer believe that they bring merely problems! They bring an appreciation of Old WorId history and civilization, art and literature, folk lore and music -as well as strong backs and willing hands-potential contributions to America's life, if we will deal with them in a Christian manner.

Many have lived in attractive little straw-thatched cottages in Southeastern Europe. We allow them to crowd into stifling tenements, encircled by slums. Many have plowed fertile fields in God's out-ofdoors. We shove them into mines and steel mills, sometimes under conditions which may well cause them to have doubts as to whether God still lives !

Much even of our" Americanization" work smacks of paternalism and .compulsion-just wli'at many left Europe to escape! The churches, missions and other Christian agencies have done much, but must do infinitely more. Christianization may well begin with us native Americans, who ate so provincial, so cock-sure of our race superiority and culture, so stubborn in our refusal to bring out the best the immigrant has at the same time we cram English and citizenship down his already sore throat-sore from trying to make us understand that he doesn't like to take our pills that way! There is a better method than that. A welcome smile and

19231 THE IMMIGRAN'.r-ASSET OR LIABILl'l'Y'

hearty handshake are understood in every language. Even the im- migrant appreciates appreciation, enthuses over an opportunity to contribute something, likes us better when we admire his handicraft, music and literature, welcomes our service when it is truly Christian and not selfish. Human nature is much the same the world over- even if it belongs to an immigrant in blue overalls who enjoys garlic!

The real Christian" Americanization" work is to help native and foreign-born to understand, appreciate and serve each other in the spirit of Jesus Christ. With that foundation, we may conduct classes in English and citizenship, lectures and entertainments, socials and cosmopolitan meetings, constructive celebrations of foreign as well as of American holidays, recreative and athletic activities, thrift and health campaigns, boys' and girls' clubs, and, most important of all, fundamental interpretation of Christ and of Christianity in action.

"Why you teach us for nothing?" was a recent question in one of our classes. No explanation was satisfactory until the leader said, "Because I am a Christian." There was a thoughtful sileIl.ce. Then the foreign leader asked, "What you mean by that?" What att opportunity! There are countless other opportunities-are they be- ing made the most of by our Christian organizations? Answer this, and I will tell you whether our immigrants are to become assets or liabilities.

For years we have been raising difficulties and making excuses. One of our main excuses has been that immigrants were coming too· fast to be assimilated. True, we averaged about 1,000,000 a year in the decade before the war. Then immigration practically ceased for several years. Did we solve the problem then? Now we have a restriction law, limiting each nation's yearly quota to three per cent of the number of its natives who resided in the United States in 1910. Only 357,803 can come this fiscal year. Last year so many re- turned home that we had only a small net increase. Are we solving the problem now?

Our churches and other Christian organizations are accomplish- ing far more than ever before, but the problem is still unsolved. Therefore we must all do more. The Christian Associations as arms of the Church, have made encouraging excursions into this whole field. Hundreds of "Y" secretaries help the emigrant in countries of origin and fifteen special secretaries are at as many ports of embarka- tion. Others work on the ships and several render welcome service . at Ellis Island, Boston, Philadelphia and other ports of entry.· All of this helps introduce immigrants to reliable Christian agencies in cities of destination in America. The "Y" has several hundred special industrial and Americanization secretaries who are promoting a large variety of activities in churches, settlements, factories, mines, foreign clubs, boarding houses and many other places. They are holding meetings of foremen and others who deal with foreigners in

order to awaken a fairer, more I'ympathetic attitude. They are en- listing several thousand college men and others as volunteer teachers. Through such work the leaders themselves develop a new sense of social responsibility and go forward to still larger fields of Chris- tian service. :M any leaders ne('ide to give their lives to Christian work, largely as a result of such experiences. Many of the foreign-born themselves have caught a new vision of Christianity by contact with self-sacrificing volunteer teachers who have been treading in the Master's footsteps of service. Some have entered definite religious or social service work as a profession. Others are "following the gleam" in the course of their everyday lives. Said a young Slav to me recently, "When I first came here everybody cheated me. My money was soon gone. I could find no job. I was ill. I grew so discouraged I wanted to kill myself. Then came to me a real man. He invited me to his English class. I did not care to go but he was 80 kind I cotdd not help it. I learned so much I wanted to help others. My new friend gave me the chanee to start other classes and interest new men. Later, I became a proud citizen of Ameriea. A church settlement offered me a job as one of its Americanization workers. Now I have the privilege of int.erpreting to my fellows the real spirit of Christian America!"

Such work should be greatly multiplied. Some of our immigrants turn out to be real assets, like this man, while others land behind prison bars. Foreign names like Jacob Riis, Edward A. Steiner, Carl Schurz, Louis Agassiz, Andrew Carnegie, Stephen Girard, Joseph Pulitzer have become honored household words in America. On t.he other hand, the daily papers picture many murders and other misdeeds by aliens. Nine times out of ten immigrants who have become assets have been given a real chance, have been helped to secure education and an opportunity for self-expression; while those who have become liabilities have been mistreated, ground down and encouraged to absorb ideas of Bolshevism.

It is for us, very largely, to decide whether our future citizens shall be assets or liabilities! And there is much cause for encouragement. Thousands of immigrants have made good in industry and agriculture. Without their labor America would not be as great as she is today. Kosciusko and Lafayette served ,¥ashington in the American Revolution, and thousands of "foreigners" served faithfullv in the late war. One third of the celebrities in "Who's Who in America" are of foreign parentage! On the other hand statistics prove that the criminality of those of foreign parentage in America is not. only greater than that of the native-born but nearly three times as great as that of their parents I What a challenge! It is within the power of the Christian organizations to decide this tremendous iRsue now and for t.he future. What more are we going to do about it ~

A TYPICAL FARM HOUSE IN SOUTHERN

New Life in Old Greece BY CHARLES '1', RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY Missionary of the Amcriean Board, ]900- T HE "Great Idea" has suffered a shock. The dream of an·· • other Emperor Constantine and his Empress Sophia being crowned in the ancient Church of St. Sophia, Constantinople, has been rudely shattered. Constantine is dead, and, which is very much to the point, he died in exile. Out of the ashes of these hopes rises a new and more hopeful moral life in old Greece. '1'he inner soul of the nation has been stirred as never before by the disasters of the past months.

And that soul has proved itself receptive. Not every nation of Our day has been so well-disposed toward the multitudes who, abandoning homes, furnishing's, possessions-·even food and clothing- and their business prospects, have fled from dangers, known and unknown, in Anatolia. Not only their fellow-Greeks, but Armenians as well, and many Turks, are among these refugees. Of the total of about a million, some sixty thousand are Armenians j and out of a hundred and twenty thousand in and near Athens, one fifth are Armenian refugees. Great credit is due the Greek Government for its Herculean labors in providing this horde of unfortunates with at least shelter and a minimum of bread. Had a proportionate problem faced the United States, and been accepted, it would have involved finding asylum for twenty millions, as compared with America's population today. Greece did this in the wake of a terrible disaster, and in the throes of a revolution and a change of government.

607

This receptiveness on the part of the Greeks has shown itself in another interesting way. In the awful conflagration of Smyrna last September, the .American Collegiate Institute for Girls was burned out of house and home; and the faculty and about a hundred girls found refuge west of the .lEgean. The problem of resuming academic work was relegated to the background by the more urgently immediate one of relieving the distress of the refugees; but in course of time it became evident that such an institution, if it could be resumed in Athens, would be a great blessing to many besides the remnants of its former constituency. Representations were made to the Greek Government, that such an institution was homeless, and might be induced to open in Athens. This suggestion met with immediate and cordial response. The Government, through its Ministry of Education, has urged the American Collegiate Institute to open its doors in this new home, and has voted the sum of two hundred thousand drachmas, equivalent at present to $2,200, for the rent of suitable quarters. It further offers to adjust its educational laws so that there may be no obstacle to the functioning of an American School on .American lines under American leadership. The Collegiate Institute expects to take advantage of this eagerness, and to open immediately intensive preparatory work in the English language, and in September to start the full college work, with many of their former students as a nucleus.

In further proof of Greek eagerness to welcome American education, the Government has also sent word to the American Colleges that have been obliged temporarily to close their plants in Asia Minor, urging them to resume work in Greece, and offering every possible facility as to location, equipment and favorable treatment. Anatolia College, which for nearly forty years has done such splendid work at Marsovan, is seriously studying the advisability of locating somewhere in Macedonia, near Salonica. It is assured of a warm welcome both by the Greek Government and by the people. For existing educational facilities are decidedly poor, from primary schools up to the University; and American ideals of characterbuilding are riot only needed but are eagerly desired.

The Greeks welcome the cooperation of the American Red Cross and of the Near East Relief, in the care of the refugees. The latter organization is caring for the orphanages, where Greek and Armenian boys and girls are being housed, fed, and trained. General relief and the critical matter of health are the staggering problems being undertaken by the Red Cross. But the moral regeneration of a people cannot be accomplished simply by relief meaS:lres and by higher education. It is therefore encouraging to note hopeful signs in the Chureh life in Greece.

The present Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church is well known for his modern and liberal spirit, and his emphasis on

NEW LIFE IN OLD GREEOE

the value of the Scriptures. Previous to his elevation to the Patri- archal throne, he had been Metropolitan of Athens, until the return of King Oonstantine forced his withdrawal. For a time it seemed doubtful if an equally able successor would appear; and the Metro- politan who immediately succeeded Meletios was not a worthy man. But recently Archbishop Ohrysostom became Metropolitan and is perhaps the ablest exponent of this new life in the Orthodox Ohurch. Born in Madytos, on the Gallipoli Peninsula, he studied in Oonstan- tinople, Athens, Jerusalem, Kieff, and Petrograd, receiving at the latter place his Doctorate. He is an able scholar, and has suc- cessively occupied positions as Professor and later Principal of the Orthodox Theological Seminary at Jerusalem ; Principal of the Ri- zarion Seminary at Athens, and at the same time Professor of Divinity in the University of Athens. In 1919 he accompanied the Metro- politan Meletios to the United States, and came in contact with many of the American ecclesiastical leaders. At the Preliminary World Conference of Faith and Order, at Geneva in 1920, he was elected one of the executive officers; and he is the Chairman of the Greek Oommission in the World's Alliance for Promoting Peace through the Churches. A man of broad vision and of unblemished private life, he comes to the office of Primate of all Greece at the vigorous age of fifty-nve. Very much is expected of him in the right sort of leadership of his clergy.

Until the present year, both Ohurch and State in Greece have stuck: to the old-style or Julian calendar, which is thirteen days behind the Gregorian calendar used in Western Europe and America. The new Government has already taken the step of abandoning this out-of-date institution; and in civil life the modern calendar is uni- versal. The Orthodox Church in General Council has since also adopted the Gregorian Calendar.

Still more important is the attitude of the present civil and re- . ligious leaders in the matter of the Scriptures in the modern Greek.

It will be remembered that more than twenty years ago, an ill-directed effort produced a translation, under Orthodox auspices, which was in so common a grade of language as to be practically slang, and so very offensive was it to the better citizens, that it drove them to place m the national Oonstitution an amendment forbidding the sale or circulation of any translation of the Scriptures into Modern Greek. The absurdly mediaeval attitude of Greece, as the only country in the world to forbid its people the use of the Word of God in their own spoken tongue, has repeatedly been pointed out; but the article in the Oonstitution still stands. Today, however, Government aud Ohurch have agreed to allow this to be a dead letter. And in the middle of March some nine cases of Scriptures in the modern Greek belonging to the British and Foreign Bible Society, which had been held up in the custom house for nearly two years, were delivered a

over freely to the agency in Athens, with not even storage charges to pay. It was a timely triumph, for the increasing demand resulted in the sale and distribution of 120 copies during the first day.

There is another element in the new life now being shown in the religious atmosphere of old Greece. It is an inRtance of a silver lining to a very dark cloud. In the terrible deportations by the TurkEl in Asia Minor, eight evaugelical Greek churches have been destroyed, and their pitiful remnants tossed over into Greece, among them the two strongest churches that had existed among Greeks anywhere. These eight were those of Ak Hissar, Ala Cham, Derekeuy, Fatsa, Magnesia, Ordou, Samsoun, and Smyrna. Lesser numbers also fled from smaller communities; and these evangelical Greeks have found refuge in many towns of old Greece. Together with these have gone over to Greece a large number of evangelical Armenians, who are similarly scattered. While statistics are not yet available, it is perfectly safe to say that the evangelical population of Greece has more than doubled. No one can tell how permanent an elemen,t this will be; but of one thing we may be certain: the effect of this new life stirring in old Greece will have lasting benefits for the country. With these fugitives have come a half-dozen or so preachers, who are being set to work even before any decision is made as to permanent location, and many others are being pressed into service in religious and educational work. To see these new Rchools springing up, privately supported, with no government grant, among the poverty-stricken but eager refugees, is in itself a lesson to the old residents. And such infusion of new blood, even for a limited time, is bound to benefit the country.

Herein lies the hope of the future. To meet the challenge of this present suffering, and with such open mind that the old residents will see that they have some things to learn from these guests of theirs, may prove the regeneration of Greece. But it is the privilege and responsibility of America to see to it that the best moral tone of this new population is conserved. Mentally and spiritually, they cannot expect help from the country that has so generously opened wide its gates to shelter them. America, on the other hand, has closed her doors to all but an infinitesimal fraction of these sufferers. Does this not of itself impose on us as Americans all the greater obligation to make amends for our exclusiveness by every possible Christian cooperation along the lines of their higher nature?

Greece of today stretches out her appealing hands to America. She needs material help. She craves intellectual help. Above all, she should receive spiritual help, in this her hour of reverses and remorse, but also of receptiveness and renewed hope.

"RELIGION, THE OPIATE OF THE PEOPLE"-AN INSCRIPTION AT THE ENTRANCE OF'

THE " RED SQUARE ," MOSCOW The Religious Situation in Russia BY L. O. HARTMAN, BOSTON Editor of Zion '.. Herald Dr. nartman ],as recently returned from Russia, where he attended the "All Russian Council" of the Orthodox Church, held in Moscow last May.-EoITOR.

PROBABLY the most profound changes in modern Church his- tory are taking place in Russia, Here, for nearly ten centuries, the Russian Orthodox Church has held sway o'er the religious aspirations and beliefs of fully one twelfth of the human race, and the history of this period abounds in incidents and movements that t.hrow a flood of light on the Muscovite reformation already well under way. Some writers have tried to make it appear that the beginnings of Christianity in Russia go back to the time of the apostles, but no valid reasons can be adduced in support of this view, for it was not until about the middle of the ninth century that the southern Slavs began to hear definite preaching of the·Gospel of Christ. Princess Olga, at the age of sixty-seven, it is said, made a trip in 955 to Constantinople and there accepted Christianity. After her return to Kief, she endeavored to spread the faith and finally her grandson, Prince Vladimir, was converted in 987. The following year has been generally accepted as the date when Christianity took 611

definite root in Kief, with the baptism of a large number of men of that city. The newly organized Church in Russia, on its administrative side, remained linked with the Greek Catholic Church, more or less dependent upon the patriarch of Constantinople, until in January, 1589, when Metropolitan Job of Moscow was consecrated patriarch. The Church thereafter continued under the rule of patriarchs until the time of Peter the Great who felt that that type of Church administration was an obstacle in the way of some of his cherished reforms. Upon the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700, he refused to nominate a successor, and assigned the patriarchal duties to the metropolitan of Ryazan. A little later the monarch published an edict providing for the foundation of a "clerical college" or synod, through which the Church was to be governed. As this plan of Church administration developed, a procurator was appointed as the personal representative of the Czar with powers so great that the Orthodox Church came practically under the sway of a monarchical dictatorship. At the time of the first revolution in 1917, after the abdication of Czar Nicolas II, a new procurator was appointed, who became a member of the Kerensky Cabinet. He served, however, for a very brief time, for a Council of the whole Church was convened and the office' of procurator of the Holy Synod was abolished. In November, 1917, the Council voted the revival of the patriarchate and Tikhon was elected to this office.

The Greek Church in Russia has not been without its internal dissensions. The most notable and far-reaching of these perhaps was the schism of the Old Believers. During the patriarchate of Nicon, who died in 1681, certain corrections and reformations in the service-book and ritual were undertaken. These reforms stimulated a division in the Church. The Old Believers adhered to the letter of the service book and proclaimed their faith in the saving power of the rites themselves without any reference to their sense and meaning. The Church condemned the sect and its followers had to hide in secret cells in the forests of inner Russia. Nevertheless, the movement continued to spread until the synod made certain concessions, about the beginning of the nineteenth century, which brought back many of the Old Believers into the fold.

The Russian Orthodox Church, however, was called upon to face the greatest crisis in all its ten centuries of history with the abdication of the late Czar. The two revolutions of 1917 were so farreaching in their effects upon the religious life of the people that a total reorganization of the Church and a restatement of its beliefs and objectives became a necessity. Under the Czarist regime, the Church had come to 'be largely a tool of autocracy. When one reviews the outrages perpetrated by Czarism, including the suppression of free discussion, a most rigid censorship of books, surveillance, by a secret service organization' whose machinations have no parallel in

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA

history, unjust imprisonments, the cruelties of Siberian exile, and other violations Of human rights, and considers that these wrongs had the practical endorsement of Church leaders, he does not marvel that the Bolsheviks, upon the overthrow of the Czar, erected a tablet on one of the large buildings near the main entrance to the Red Square upon which was inscribed a legend based upon a famous saying of Karl Marx. The tablet reads: "Religion-the Opiate of the People. "

The Orthodox Church, after the second revolution, found itself without property or resources, inasmuch as its belongings were taken over by the Soviet Government. It was also under suspicion because of its close affiliation with the Czar. Nor could any ecclesiastical organization fail to be affected by the profound changes going on simultaneously in every other department of human life. Conditions were ripe for a reformation, and it was not long before various factions began to emerge until there were formed four or five more or less distinct groups in the Church.

First, there were the followers of Tikhon, known as the reactionaries, who desired that no changes whatever be made in doctrines, liturgy, organization, or administration.

Second, there was a large section of the "white clergy" under the leadership of Krasnitzky, dean of the Church of Christ Our Saviour at Moscow, who stood for the emancipation of the Church from the monastic traditions, but refrained from espousing drastic measures of an iconoclastic nature.

Third, there was a considerable group headed by Metropolitan .Antonine, who wished to maintain the monastic power in the Church but to come to some readjustment with the new political and social order of Russia. This group declared itself as in favor of a minimum of reform in cult and doctrines.

A fourth, liberal, evangelical wing of the Church, under the leadership of Vedensky'of Petrograd (now Archbishop of Moscow) broke with the old traditions entirely and stood for a progressive religIon, sometnmg lIke that of the more liberal evangelicals of America.

Lastly, there were the Tolstoians, the most prominent of whom was Bulgakoff, secretary to Tolstoi until his death and one of his most faithful disciples.

These five groups of the Russian Church represented the leading factions when the All-Russian Territorial Council of the Orthodox Church of 1923 opened on April 29th.

There was still another development of importance in connection with shifting circumstances and changing conditions in the midst of which the Church endeavored to carry forward its work. As was to be expected, numerous leaders, even those prominent in the councils of the Church, desired to see the old Czarist order once more reinstated. Some of them were accused of going so far as to participate in plans for a counter-revolution. This, of course, aroused the Government, already over-sensitive to anything like treason. Bishops and priests were apprehended and a number of them, after court

process, were executed on the charge of plotting against the Gov- ernment. Moreover, the Soviet leaders, who are all atheists, were particularly intolerant of customs and rites that form no part of genuine religion but must be classified as superstitions. Nevertheless, religious freedom was proclaimed by a decree which became a part of the Soviet constitution, and later provision was made whereby congregations could hold property in their collective capacity. These Soviet leaders have repeatedly reiterated tho declaration that men are free to worship God as they please in Russia, provided relig'ioll is not used as a mask to cover counter-revolutionarv activities. There is reason to believe that the Soviet authorities a;e sincere ill their attitude toward the Ohurch.

On April 29, the second All-Russian 'l'erritorial Oouncil of the Orthodox Church was convened in Moscow. The meeting was opened in the Moscow Oathedral of Ohrist Our Saviour, and the ensuing sessions were held in the former Graduate Theological Academy. Inasmuch as many newspapers and some religious journals have reported that this Council was under the domination of the Soviet Government and not a bona fide' gathering of Church leaders with proper authority and responsibility, we may note some of the considerations that indicate that this Council actually represented the will of Greek Catholicism in Russia.

1. The Council of 1923 was constituted exactly as that of 1917 except that provision was made for a slightly larger number of delegates. All adults who had taken communion during the previous year were eligible to take part in the elections. Each parish elected representatives from both the priesthood and the laity to the district synod. Each district then chose its delegates of both classes to the diocesan convention, which, in turn, sent representatives, both priests and laymen, to the Council. 1fetropolitans and bishops were ex officio members. The total number of delegates that gathered in Moscow was about five hundred. Vhile there was considerable pressure brought to bear by various factions in order to gain largt' representation in the Council, there was no proof of governmental coercion upon the meetings in the parishes, or even in the districts or dioceses.

2. We were present at the meeting of the Moscow diocese held in the Patriarch's palace just previous to the opening of the Council, and witnessed the disCllssion over the 'rikhon issue. There was every appearance of freedom both in utterance of opinion and in action. The reforms adopted were not such as would be dictated by a government seeking to destroy all religion.

3. The proposal to hold the Oouncil of 1923 was endorsed by Tikhon himself, and by 1.,vov, the procurator of the Church under the Kerensky r:egime.

4. The delegates to the Council represented every sectiOll of

THE RELIGIOUS Sl'l'UA'1'10l 1;>; UUSS1A

Russia, including Siberia, the Ural, Black Sea, and Ukraine regions, the far north, and all the great cities.

5. The leaders of the Council were the outstanding ecclesiastical representatives of Russia. Among them were Metropolitan Antonine, head of the Church in Moscow; Metropolitan Tikhon, head of the Church in Kief; Metropolitan Peter, head of the Church ill Siberia; and Vedensky, the strongest leader in Petrograd. Besides these, theological academy presidents and professor::;, and some of the most eminent laymen in Russia were members of the Council.

6. All factions were represented in the Council and finally united in a working agreement. The"Living Church," led by Krasnitzky, controlled a good-sized delegation; the Vedensky followers, clamoring particularly for revision of theological doctrines, were strongly in evidence; Antonine showed some strength fathering a reform not overly progressive in its nature; nor were the reactionaries absent, for the Tlikhon adherents made themselves heard again and agalll in the diocesan conference and in the Council. There were also some Tolstoians among the deJegates.

For the new Administrative Com- F E'rER, METROPOLITAN OF SIBERIA mittee, ten members were chosen Chairnlan Ofo~h~h~161~~~~~~nc1.'::":~torlal C"unci! from the" Living Church" group, six from the" Apostolic" group, and two from the followers of Antonine.

7. The election of Peter to the chairmanship of the Councila position of more importance and influence than a similar office in America-came as a surprise. Krasnitzky, located at the capital, and the guiding spirit in the "Living Church," was looked upon before the election as the one man most likely to win the leadership. Instead, the chairman selected came from far-away Siberia, thousands of miles distant from the seat of the Soviet Government.

8. We had opportunity in personal conferences with Chicherin, the Soviet minister of foreign affairs, and other leaders to inquire as to the Government's attitude toward religion and were assured that the constitutional provision granting religious freedom was in full force and that there would be no opposition whatever to the worship of God, except where it was used as a cover for counter- "evolutionary efforts.

9. The Council's attitude toward the Government was in general one of loyalty, but decided exception was taken to the atheism of the Soviet leaders.

10. A number of leaders of the reform movement in the Russian Church suffered imprisonment and exile during the monarchist regim~ for denouncing the wickedness of autocracy, impurity in high places, injustice to the poor, and other crimes and sins like those opposed in other days by the prophet Amos. But these heralds of a new day for the Orthodox Church create in personal contacts the impression of sincerity and genuiue Christian zeal.

The Council went on record as in favor of the social ideals of the Soviet Government, although it repudiated the Marxian philosophy which constitutes the working theory of the Bolsheviks. Vedensky, dean of the Churches of Saint Zacharias and Saint Elizabeth in Petrograd (one of the ablest men in Russia today), voiced in an address, which consumed two hours and a half, the attitude of the reform element toward the old Czarist Church and pointed out the path that.must be followed if the work of Christis to go forward in Russia. "Turn away," he cried, "from the Church of Tikhon and back to the religion of Christ!" He declared that the Church had become "the concubine of the reactionary political powers," and that from its very inception it had been too closely connected with the crown. Even in the ritual, Vedensky pointed out, the name of the Czar appeared in capital letters while that of Jesus Christ was printed in small type. The Patriarch was designated in the old liturgy as "Most Holy Patriarch," while Christ Himself was addressed only as "Holy Christ." In a word, declared the speaker, the Czar had become the end and the Church the means in the period before the revolution of 1917.

Those who heard this pale, nervous orator will never forget his discussion of the challenging question, "What is Christianity'" With a wide sweep of scholarship Vedensky outlined the views of Strauss, Renan, and other critics, and then expounded the Gospel of Christ in both its individualistic and its social aspects. Marxism, he asserted, is materialistic, atheistic, and wrong in its philosophy of life, but he maintained that the Soviet Government, dominated by the thinking of Karl Marx, is striving actually to enthrone the principles of Christ.

The case of Tikhon, who is under arrest in a monastery near Moscow, took up considerable time and attention during the opening days of the All-Russian Council. "'nen the recent famine was at its worst, a delegation of peasants appealed to the Patriarch to allow the superfluous jewels in the cathedrals of the land to be soia in order that food might be provided for the hungry. He failed to respond and the appeal was carried to Kaminev, head of the Moscow Government. who immediately issued the famous decree for the con-

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA l!17

fiscation of these treasures. Tikhon and others exercised their influence to stimulate resistance on the part of the peasants and in consequence was arrested and certain documents came into the possession of the Soviet leaders which seemed to show that Tikhon had had relations with the Karlowitz monarchist group which sought to further plans of counter-revolution. The Council considered the Patriarch's case first of all in the Board of Bishops, which recommended thnt he be deposed. This paper from the Board of Bishops was signed by over fifty of the seventy-five active bishops. The WHERE THE CHURCH COUNCIL MET-CAT:HEDRAL OF CHRIST, OUR SAVIOUR, MOSCOW Council,however, not only deposed Tikhon from his office, but also reduced him to "the primitive state of layman," and declared" from now on Patriarch Tikhon is the layman Basil Baliavin." They also annulled the action of 1917, creating the patriarchate, thus bringing the Church back on its administrative side to the general plan inaugurated by Peter the Great. H ereafter all power of authority is vested in the Council itself.

The actions of the Council of 1923 have brought the ecclesiastical and religious life of Russia into still closer contact with the free Churches of the West. In the first place, the delegates went on record for the complete separation of Church and State and for a return to the "actual commandments of Christ, our Saviour." The entire Karlowitz monarchist group, with its eighteen bishops, including Eulogius Platon was excommunicated. This action is believed to

j18 THE MlSSIO;';ARY REVIEW 0:1<' 'l'HE WOHLD

indicate that the reorganized Church intended to purge itself of counter-revolutionary elements and to serve notice that it is no longer under the control of those who favor a restoration of Czarism. The Council also called upon "every honest Christian citizen of Soviet RU8sia to go forth with a united front under the leadership of the Soviet Government to struggle against this world-wide evil of social injustice. "

Another move made by the Council was the abolition of the old monkish type of episcopate in which marriage was prohibited. Here- tofore, members of the "black clergy," the more aristocratic order, were not allowed to marry, and those of the "white clergy," or vil- lage priest class, were permitted to marry once only. The delegates passed the resolution that permits a clergyman of either class not only to marry but to do so more than once in case he survives his wife.

With regard to the worship of relics, the delegates in Moscow realized how wide-spread and deeply rooted is this custom, and therefore w~re conservative in seeking to abolish it. They expressed their conviction that it is wrong to allow this folly to go on, and decided that hereafter bones and other so-called religious relics could be displayed openly provided only that they were shown without camouflage and were honestly labeled.

After many centuries, during which the historic Julian calendar, established by Julius Cwsar in 46 B. C. and officially adopted by the Council of Nicwa in 325 A. D. has been in force, the Council abolished the old method of reckoning time and accepted the Gre- gorian calendar, thus doing away with the thirteen days' difference in time between Russia and the 'Vest.

One of the most serious situations precipitated. by the second revolution of 1917 was the closing up of the theological schools and academies. Before the WorId 'Val' there were four graduate theo- logical academies and in every diocese one or two other institutions for training clergy. For more than five years, no candidates for the priesthood have been graduated, although it is estimated that 3,500 new recruits are needed annually if the churches of Russia are to be adequately manned. The total number of priests is now about fifty thousand. Before the war there was an annual budget for the Church of about five hundred million rubles (then equal to $250,- 000,000), one fifth of which was needed for educational purposes. Of this budget, one third was contributed by the Government and the rest came from endowments, estates, free-will offerings, and the profits of the candle factories. Today there is practically no income except from the offerings of the people and there is only one insti- tution for the training of Christian workers, a night school in Petro- " grad, in which are enrolled two hundred and twelve students, men and wom(>n. This year's class will number twenty-three, twelve of

THE RELIGIOlJS iiil'rlJA'l'lON I~ HW:itllA

whom are women. The professors in the Petrograd school are all -olunteers.

The prrnsidium of the Council of 1923 sent to Bishop Blake of the American Methodist I<Jpiscopal Church, who had addressed the Council, a letter requesting advice with respect to the problem of training the future priesthood of Russia. After a committee of three had outlined their plans, Bishop Blake promised for this pur- pose fifty thousand dollars during the next three years. It was then decided by the Council to launch a project of ministerial training through a number of carefully selected faculties by the "correspondence system," these professors agreeing to serve at the salary of twenty-five dollars each per month.

An adjourned meeting of the Council is to be held next fall, whe,Q. numerous items of business will be considered. In response to the request of certain religious leaders that, in addition to the decree granting religious freedom, definite legislation be enacted covering the rights and privileges of the Church, the Soviet Government replied asking the Council to draft such a set of laws for presentation to the All-Russian Executive Committee, .promising to give the matter sympathetic consideration. The preparation of this suggested legislation had to be postponed for lack of time. Likewise there was no opportunity for formulating a restatement of the theological position of the Church and for the revision of doctrines desired by the Vedensky group. Liturgical and ritualistic modifications also had to wait. Nor was there time to undertake the reshaping of the fundamental constitution of the Church.

It is to be hoped that the actions taken by the Orthodox Church Council will .mark the beginning of a great reformation in the religious life of Russia. It succeeded largely in purging the organization of the counter-revolutionary elements within its ranks and espoused the American principle of separation of Church and State. It repudiated the old time-serving, autocratic ideas of religion. It reorganized its priesthood in such a way as to emphasize, as it has never done before, the sanctity of marriage. It struck a blow against superstitions in its action against the veneration of relics. It changed its calendar to conform with the Western way of measuring time. Last, but not least, it stretched forth its hands in fellowship to vVestern churches. These accomplishments may have far-reaching influence and may forecast the coming of a world-wide Christian unity.

We Send Fewer Missionaries to China?

MILTON T. STAUFFER, NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement D URING the past six months, the assertion or suggestion has frequently been made that the time has come when the Chris- tian Church in America and Europe may well send fewer recruits to China and may trust the future evangelization of that land to the Chinese Christians themselves. Is this true ~ The type of missionary recruits acceptable in China today is manifestly different in some ways from that of ten years ago. Their position upon arrival on the field will be different from that which faced the pioneer workers. The service that new missionaries today will be called upon to render, especially in areas where churches and institution~ are well developed, will be specialized service and will increasingly demand intensive preparation. .

In many parts of China, more particularly in the older fields of the seacoast and the Yangtze valley, small groups of consecrated and able Chinese Christians have risen above their equally consecrated but less highly endowed brothers. These few are leading the Church forward. They command the admiration and confidence of every missionary who loves China and believes sincerely in a truly indigenous Chinese Church. They present an inspiring challenge to the young Church of China to stand upon its own feet and assume increasingly heavy responsibilities for the evangelization of their country.

But while all this is full of promise, and almost automatically affects the type and position of future missionaries in relation to their Chinese fellow workers, it furnishes no sufficient premise for the assertion that from now on fewer new foreign missionaries are needed. Judging from recent remarks of a few over-enthusiastic missionaries, it might appear that all China is at last practically evangelized, and that from now on the chief concern of mission boards should be to transfer their responsibilities as quickly as possible to the rapidly maturing Chinese Church and then to withdraw. Most Chinese Christian leaders, however, do not share this view. They realize that the Chinese Church is still in its infancy. Its greatest strength is in its faith~ "the substance of things hoped for." Korea reports two hundred Christians for every ten thousand inhabitants.

China can hardly muster eight. There are more Christian converts on the Island of Ceylon, numbering four and a half million people, than are reported in all China among a population exceeding four hundred millions.

620 China as it is, not idealized China, st'ands in urgent need today of as many missiona,ry recruits arn,nually as have landed on her shores in any single year before or since the W arid War. These new recruits must, however, be of such spiritual and intellectual quality as the Chinese Church will both welcome and can profitably use in this critical transition period of her history.

1. Practically every worker, Chinese and foreign, will agree that during the next five or even ten years the present number of missionaries in China should at least be kept constant. The largest number of new missionaries entering China in any single year is between four hundred and fifty and five hundred. This high figure was reached just before the United States entered the European conflict. Now, no one knows how many new recruits are required if the above ideal is to be realized. Death, sickness, resignation, and forced withdrawals are continually making big gaps in the ranks. One large mission in South China, from careful study extending over a long period of years, has concluded, that it takes at least five new missionaries to leave two on the field after ten years. Experienced observers estimate ten years as the average length of service in China. If the present strength of the missionary force is to be maintained in China, then between four and five hundred men and women must go out each year. On the basis of almost 7,000 missionaries in China, this constitutes a conservative estimate.

The following resolution unanimously adopted by foreign and Chinese members of Commission II on the Future Task of the Church and presented to the National Christian Conference, Shanghai, May 1922, supports the general conviction that during the immediate future the numerical strength of the foreign missionary force in China should not be reduced. Resolved: "That to answer the challenge of the unoccupied areas and to make possible an effectual entry by the Church into these- open doors, the preparation of Chinese leaders be stressed during the next few years and the foreign missionary force be maintained at least at its present strength."

2. We must increase the mtmber of evangelist'ic missionaries. Facts revealed by the China Survey confirm the wide-spread observation that the most serious weakness of the Christian movement in China today lies in its undeveloped powers of direct evangelism. A net increase in Church membership of less than one convert each year for each full time worker both Chinese and foreign since 1915 is no convincing argument for any decreasing emphasis on the need of men and women who will pour their lives into direct evangelistic ministries.

The larger cities have suffered much from the transfer of former strictly evangelistic missionaries to institutional and administrative work. During the decades preceding 1910, the proportion of missionaries in the larger cities who devoted their full time to direct evan-

gelistic work was fairly high. More recently, the rapid development of large educational and medical institutions has temporarily lowered this proportion, although at the same time greatly increasing the total number of missionaries concentrating in larger centerR. From Rome points of view, the growing number and ahility of ChineRc' pastors assigned to large cities have seemed to make thi~ direct evan- gelistic work on the part of the missionary less necessary. On the. other hand, it is generally conceded that Chinese pastors still need the daily example of their foreign fellow-workers preaching in chapels and on street corners, visiting non-Christian homes, spending and being spent in personal evangelism. Who will say that new mis- sionaries with the evangelistic fervor of Griffith John are not still needed in many sections of China today? Needed for what they will mean inspirationally to foreign missionaries and Chinese ministers alike.

Weare just beginning to appreciate as we ought the great ad- vantage of missionaries residing in smaller towns and rural districts as a means of hastening evangelism. Eighty-eight per cent of China's millions still live in relatively small cities and rural communities. On the other hand, forty per cent of the entire missionary force resides in twenty cities. We mention this fact only to raise two questions: (1) Are we keeping in mind the possible mobility of these missionaries to less developed areas as powers of leadership within the Chinese Church develop~ (2) What about the evangelization in our generation of that great hinterland of China only indirectly and slightly influenced as yet by the Christian Church and Christian institutions in these larger cities? Forty-six per cent of China (819,900 sq. m.) still lies beyond the ten-mile limit of any evangelistic center. Over 430,000 square miles included within the fields of Protestant missions and for which these missions and their churches have evangelistic responsibility for years are still relatively unoccupied. Some day-and it cannot come too soon-the Chinese Church may be strong enough spiritUally, numerically, and financially to carry the full burden of her unevangelized millions of brothers and sisters. But what during the interval 1 The King's business requireth haste. Are we not losing the note of immediacy from our evangelistic programs both at home and abroad? To Christ's command and love's appeal, "Go ye," is our reply to be, "Let the Chinese Church do it" 1 Can we not both do it 1 Surely the trouble cannot be that the harvest field is not great enough. -What then is the rock-bottom fact as to foreign reapers in China's evangelization today? Too many foreign reapers or too few of the right quality who can lose themselvestheir very indentity-their western prejudices-everything except their Christian characters, and reap by the sides of their Chinese reapers in self-forgetful loyalty to a common Lord of the Harvest 1 If the recent Survey of China reveals anything it is that China-

1 SHALL WE SEXD FRWER MISstO="ARIES TO CHINAW

place your finger wherever you will-is still desperately in need of evangelists, regardless of race. Less than two hundred miles north of Shanghai there still are scores of villages in the field of the Southern Presbyterians where as yet Christ has never been preached. As 1'01' the great interior provinces the workers, Chinese and foreign, are hardly scratching the surface. In one of the oldest and best worked :fethodist districts in Szechuan there are over 2,500,000 people. The foreign missionary force is ten, only two of whom do any traveling. The seventy churches and chapels and the forty schools are not beginning to meet the need. Each chapel has its preaching service once every few weeks, but the rest of the time it has nothing to offer. llany of the schools are not very different from the ordinary Chinese school at which the students drone their lessons from early morning until dark without any recreation. There is not a vehicle of any kind in the district, no light brighter than a wick in bean oil, no library, no playground. Only one Chinese pastor has ever studied outside the province. Yet this is one of the best worked areas in West China.

The supreme challenge before the Chinese Church is to increase the momentl~m of evangelism. Not arithmetical but geometrical percentages of increase must be besought of God and labored for with singleness of purpose and at any cost. The thought of the increasing population in China when added to that of the tremendous numbers still to be won among the present population should lead every Protestant communicant in China and every foreign missionary to stress evangelism as it has not yet been stressed. An annual net gain of six per cent in church membership will not win China for Christ in this or the next generation.

3. We must relieve the present strain. on our medical and educational workers by sending specially trained recruits in greater numbers than are now available. The ideal set by the China Medical Missionary Association for every mission hospital of fifty beds is two foreign doctors and One foreign nurse. Were mission societies throughout China to attempt to reach this standard, and were provision to be made for filling places temporarily vacated by those on furlough, China would need three hundred additional physicians and two hundred additional registered nurses immediately. One half of the hospitals in China are still without the services of any foreign registered nurse, thirty-four per cent have no trained nurses, Chinese or foreign. Eighty per cent of the mission hospitals reported only one foreign or foreign-trained Chinese doctor in charge in 1921.

Moreover, there are extensive mission fields in China, not to speak of the unoccupied areas, where the work of evangelism is going forward accompanied by little if any emphasis as yet on other forms of missionary endeavor, such as education and the amelioration of physical ills. The recent report of the China Educational CommiRRion, parti('u-

larly in those recommendations which concern the future, neither anticipates nor encourages any immediate decrease in foreign educational workers-rather, the reverse. Any decrease in highly trained educational missionaries at this critical period in the establishment of an adequate and efficient Christian educational system for China is inconceivable, and would, in the judgment of many, amount to noth- ing less than a calamity. 4. The advance programs of missions and churches extending over the next five years canlfl,ot be realized with a decreasing number of missionary recruits. The Survey volume contains a list of ninety cities where missions have officially voted to open new mission stations within the next five years, and thirty-nine cities where new hospitals are to be erected. These plans have been officially approved by the home boards. One great American church missionary society recently completed a most careful survey of future needs and plans calling for decided increases in Chinese workers and missionaries in Chinese and foreign funds. On the basis of this survey and its appeal, an advance program has been set up to which the entire Church in China and in America is enthusiastically committed.

Now, granted that half of the new stations and hospitals referred to above never materialize, we still face the problem of supplying enough men and women missionary recruits to man such new mission stations and hospitals as do materialize.

In reply to the question of the Survey Committee, "If certain areas of your fields are unevangelized, to what reasons or difficulties is this fact due?" by far the majority answered that it was due to the inadequacy of staff-Chinese and foreign. This significant testimony from over one hundred and fifty carefully selected correspondents residing in every part of China supports the impression that more and not fewer missionary recruits are desired. The recent words of Professor Timothy Lew, Dean of the Theological Seminary at Peking University, clinch the whole matter: "Do not stop sending mission- aries but send us better ones." 5, The areas still relatively or wholly unoccupied caU with the .. eloquence of silence" for more pioneer missionaries. One fourth of the total area of China's eighteen provinces remains uncared for by any Protestant missionary or Chinese home missionary agency. In addition, an area exceeding in extent the whole of China's eighteen provinces and embracing almost all of Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kokonor, Chwanpien and Tibet, still remain neglected and practically unentered. To these great stretches of unworked territory we must add the cities of Indo-China, Formosa, the East Indies and other places where Chinese, estimated at over 8,000,000, reside, and where as yet comparatively little evangelistic work is done. Eighty-six per cent of Kansu, seventy-seven per cent of Manchuria, and seventy-five per cent of Kwangsi (if greater definiteness be

192~J 8HALL WE SEND ];'EWER M188IONARlE8 '['0 CHINA!

needed to press home the point) are still outside the acknowledged responsibility of any Christian evangelizing agency. Two thirds of all the counties of China (1,704) average less than five communicants per ten thousand inhabitants. One fifth report not a single evangelistic center. The missionaries giving full time service to the evangelization of China's ten million Moslems can be counted on the fingers of one hand. There are approximately twelve million tribespeople in Western and Southwestern China. (These simple people are eager for the gospel message.) Missionaries are welcome where Chinese Christian workers might find it difficult to work among them. ,Vherever the Gospel has been preached, mass movements have resulted. Only the missionaries are too few-hardly one among 200,000.

In the Chinese province of Sinkiang (Eastern Turkistan) a small eompany of Swedish missionaries have been working since 1892 in four mission stations. Medical and orphanage activities have gone hand in hand with direct evangelistic efforts. As yet the converts do not number fifty. These missionaries, believing that they might be able to state the needs of Central Asia through the recent Survey of China, passed a resolution in their Eastern Turkistan Conference, held at Kashgar, October 18-28, 1919, in which they called attention to the unentered areas of Turkistan declaring that "here is so big a field, there is room for a number of other societies in addition to our own."

From Mongolia, one of the hardest and most neglected fields in the Far East, came this postal card appeal to the Survey Committee, written by a continental missionary in a lonely station. "The Christian Churches and mission societies have left the whole of Mongolia to us. We.cannot get even one missionary to relieve us (for furlough). If you can do anything for Mongolia, please do it and do it at once."

From Kansu, that distant Moslem stronghold in Northwest China, a young English worker recently wrote as follows: "Every missionary is conscious o£ unoccupied areas. They extend from our very front doors, nay from our private rooms through innumerable districts and towns out into the desert silences of Sinkiang and Tibet. It is no sudden, spasmodic, individual business that will solve the problem; only a prayerful united effort, in which we all share heartily and to the full."

The most convincing answer to this question-has the day come for fewer missionary recruits for China-issues and can only issue from the Chinese Christians themselves. For this reason, the words of Dr. C. Y. Oheng, executive secretary of the China Continuation Committee for over seven years, and chairman of the National Christian Oonference, Shanghai, May, 1922, spoken in an address delivered before the Foreign Missions Conference of America at Bethlehem, Pa., January 10, 1923, are ,full of significance.

3

"The Church is seeking more rnissionarif>S. It is far from our purpose to give the impression that the coming forward of Chinese means that the missionaries a're to retire from the scene, and that more of them are not needed…… There is a real need of, and room for, more new missionaries in China. In a sense, they are needed today more than ever before. But a word is necessary regarding the missionarie~ who are needed in China under th" new conditions that have arisen. In addition to possessing spiritual and intellectual qualifications the missionary of today needs thoroughly to understand that his task is to assist the Chinese Church, and to be willing to help, not to boss, his Chinese fellow workers. Ve need, therefore, those who possess a broad and sympathetic heart, and are able to form real friendship with the Chinese. We need those who can see and appreciate all that is good, and beautiful, and true, wherever it is found. We'need those who are willing to lettrn as well as to teach, and who are prepared to work with the Chinese or even under them. We need those who have a real understanding of, and desire for, international brotherhood, and the spirit of tolerance with tho~f' who differ from them. In a word, we need missionaJ'ies who are after the heart of God to 'Come over and help us' …..

"The present situation is certainly different from that of former dars, but the need is just as great and urgC'Ut, if not more so. We want friends; we desire partners and comrades; we seek for cooperation and sympathy. The work has never been so interesting and full of promise as it is today. All its problems and difficulties are but so many attractions, that [lraw the men and women of yision and of a daring spirit to answer this mag-nificcnt and worth~' ral! from afar."

'fHE FU'L'lJRFJ 'L'ASK OF' 'L'HE CHIXI1~SFj CHURCH Rxtracts from. the Report of Com.mission II at Shanghaii The most important and vital needs are such as call for: (1) The discovery and training of leaders, foreign and Chiuese, for the work of religious education. (2) Creatiug an adequate literature and necessary equipment for carrying out a program of religious instruction.

No member can possess a healthy and vigorous spiritual life who is not engaged in some form of voluntary service.

The church onght to be the bnsiest place 'in the whole village. It should minister, through its whole membership, to the spiritual, moral and physical needs of every section of its own community whether Christian or non-Christian.

* *' 1)1: A closer coordination of our educational and evangelistic work would be of immense value. The day school pupils not only effectively open doors into many non-Christian homes, but if their religions instruction is given with the family in view as well as the child, they at once become strong missionary agents. The day school teacher if fired with true evangelistic zeal, conld be a source of enlightenment to the women of the neighborhood in such matters as hygiene and child welfare.

A KOREA:'; CHRISTIAN ADDRESSING GENERAL j<'ENG'S SOLDIERS AT A DAILY RELIGJO{lS

SERVICE IN KAIF'ENG. CHINA Winning an Army for Chrisr* BY llWANG OR'ING E VER since the arrival of General Feng Yii Hsiang's army in . the neighborhood of Peking the Christian forces of the city have been trying to cooperate with the chaplains in this army. Shortly after General j1-'eng's arrival, Rev. Hau K'un Shan of the North China Conference, who has been with the General as chaplain for several years, was appointed chaplain-in-chief and stationed at headquarters. 'rhere are four other chaplains working with him Hmong the men.

A plan was worked out whereby ten preachers representing all the denominations in Peking have gone every Sunday to the camp. The General sends up one of his big automobiles to the Methodist Mission business office and takes the preachers to the camp. The size of the audience varies from 500 to 2,000 men on clear days, while on stormy days classes of from 100 to 150 meet ind~)Qrs. After the services the preachers are again brought back to the city.

In January a committee was formed representing the Peking City District, Peking Academy, Peking 'rheological Seminary, and the Theological Department of Peking University, to form plans for • From Zion's IleraZd~ Boston, lolass. According to a press despatcb of .July 17th from Peking, General Feng has, been sternly rebuked by Chinese. Christians for putting to death two Chinesp. Christians and tor deposing President Li Yuan Hung.-EDITOR.

627

'rHE l'IUSSlONARY REVIEW OF 'l'HE WORLD [AU&U

a campaign among the more than 20,000 soldiers of General Feng stationed at Nanyuan about Chinese New Year, to take advantage of the holidays in the schools and get professors and teachers in Peking down to the camp. It was decided to send one team of three speakers to each of the eleven regiments at Nanyuan; so thirty-three speakers with a double quartet of singers from Peking Academy went on February 10th to spend four days in special services in the General's camp. An additional team was sent to work among the 2,000 cadets in Peking and two teams to work among the 5,000 soldiers in Tungchou. The preachers were entertained by the colonels and generals and were treated with every courtesy.

The first meeting started at seven o'cldck ill' the morning when Bible classes were conducted for officers and non-commissioned officers. A special course had been prepared, and the thirty-three classes were held at the same hour every morning. The preachiug services were at eleven o'clock, and a second service was at one o 'clock in the middle of the day, because they were held out in the open and a~l the warmth possible was needed to keep the men comfortable while they stood and listened to the preachers. It put the preachers on their mettle to see the hundreds of men standing in solid ranks listening eagerly. The services were opened by the officer in charge of the meeting, who called upon another officer to pray, and then gave the preachers opportunity to say all they wished.

The bugle blew at six o'clock, and the men, who had already been awake for half an hour, were in their places at once when the roll was caned, and from then on until night, except when attending the services, they were busy either at work or at play. During the last two days they were free from drill so they might have more time to attend the meetings, and it was certainly marvelous to see the admirable discipline and fine spirit of the meu when one recalled that they had not been paid for ten months. On the last day they received a month's pay, but since the privates are not allowed out of camp, the money was not given to them personally but was either sent to their parents at home or credited to their account in the regimental bank. The preachers soon learned that a command from headquarters could upset any plan made in any particular regiment. One pastor was at the very height of his eloquence when the major in charge of the service stepped up and said, "You have just been called to headquarters; please do not speak any more than ten minutes longer." How many audiences throughout the world would be relieved if there was some friendly major to tell the pastor, when the audience was cold or tired or worn out, that he had been called to headquarters.

The majority of General Feng's officers have been with him for many years, and they are earnest Christians, being interested in Christianity not simply in order to curry favor with the General but

19l13] WINNING AN ARMY FOR OHR.tST

because of their own experience and their realization that China's only hope is to be found in belief in the Lord Jesus Christ.

The singing by Professor Liu of Peking Academy and his students, making a double quartet, and the solos by Rev. Horace E. Dewey were most popular among the men, and the musicians were on call from early morning until late at night. They sang not only to small groups but out in the open. One evening General Li of the Eighth Brigade had them train his own special singers for several hours, and after that each of the nine visiting singers rendered a solo. This so inspired the General that he sang a solo himself. From early morning until late at night groups were practising hymns and national airs, and it was indeed inspiring to go along in the dark and hear the Christian melodies. The enthusiasm ' of the students and workers was great, and in spite of the hard work they were wonderfully cheered as a result of the interest and enthusiasm displayed by the men.

On the last day of the meeting's, being the twenty-ninth of the last month of the old year, it was found that there was such a large number who wished to be baptized and elltel' the Church that it would be necessary to have these baptisms on another day; so the thirtieth of 1~~ '6rEM~~H~~:rkH~~~~1,E~f:G the last month of the Chinese year was selected, and several of the leaders stayed in order to perform this ceremony. The soldiers were not baptized carelessly or just in order to satisfy the demands of the General, but they had been carefully watched and trained for montbs and had to be of good character and must have been under Christian instruction for several months. When all the candidates had been examined it was found there were more than 4,000 who should be baptized. These were divided into six groups and on Feb. 15, 1923, were brought into the Church. There were no rooms large enough,so it was necessary to have the men in the open. They were formed into long lines and after answering the questions and hearing solemn addresses either by their own officers or by the preachers, they were baptized. Those who had been invited by Rev. Hsu K 'un Shan and Rev. Liu Fang, the chairman 'of the visiting group, to spend the last day of the old year in this great work were

Dr. Chen Heng Te, Rev. Tsou Chin Ching, Dr. W. T. Hobart, Rev.

Yang Jung Shen, and Dr. G. L. Davis. Dr. H. H. Lowry and Dr.-C. A.

Felt came down to see the baptismal service and were invited to take part, and it is doubtless true that Dr. Lowry baptized more men in that one day than he had during any twenty years of his career as an active missionary. The men were certainly in earnest, and the whole ceremony was gone into with the greatest care. General Feng said: "The most important duty of any soldier this day is to be baptized, if he has passed his examinations; and all men, whether they are on guard duty or have been placed on special work, are to be relieved and sent to the services." So almost none of those who had passed the examinations were absent when the roll was called. It is very doubtful if anywhere before has a baptismal service been conducted by two generals, the actual work being done by the clergymen, as- sisted by majors who earried the bowls for them.

For many years our Chinese leaders have prayed for a day when some of the great Chinese officials should be Christians but we had not expected to see a Chinese officer as earnest a Christian as General Feng. He works not only among his own soldiers but among a great many outsiders, and is doing everything in his power to bring the Lord Jesus Christ to those with whom he comes in contact. Again and again he ordered the word sent around among all the men that no one was to seek baptism who did not earnestly wish to become a Christian and believe it was his personal duty. • Some people wonder what the common people around the army think of these soldiers in comparison with those of Chang TsoLin, who occupied Nanyuan last year. One old rickshaw man, who had known the various soldiers who have encamped in Nanyuan since the first days of the republic, said: "Last year none of us were safe.

General Chang's soldiers came into our homes and took what they pleased and did what they pleased. But no one ever heard of soldiers like these. _.. _"

It is impossible to calculate the benefit of General Feng's influ- enceamong these men. Although discipline is very strict and they are kept at their work all the time, yet the men love him-devotedly, because of his honesty, fairness, and willingness to share alike with them. His fare is the most simple, and it is true that many of his officers live in better style than he does. The difficulty in securing funds at this time for such a great army is tremendous, and the General has many extremely hard problems to solve in endeavoring to do his best to put China on her feet. He firmly believes that the only hope for China is to befclUnd.in the Lord Jesus Christ. May all the churches in- China and America unite in the most.earnest prayers for the General and his officers and men who are striving so hard to live active, earnest Christian lives every day among this great group. –

of Religious Freedom in

BY REV. E. D. BEYNON, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Pastor of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church .nAS. MIGHT be inferred from the Asiatic and Mongolian origin of the Hungarian people, the course of religious development in Hungary has been very different from that of other European countries. Elsewhere in Europe there were in anyone state only one State Church. The Hungarian system, however, was more like that of Japan and China. A number of churches was recognized and regulated by the State, the door being firmly closed against all others. Thus we find the curious situation which existed within the memory of men now living, whereby two great Protestant Churches were recognized by the Government of Hungary along with the Roman and Greek Catholic Churches, while the door of entrance was closed against all other Protestant denominations almost as effectually as Lamaism has for centuries closed the door of Tibet against all forms of Christianity.

Within the boundaries of Hungary were found great numbers of Serbs and Roumanians, adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church, so that the Government recognized this along with the Roman Catholic Church. Later a secession took place when the Magyar members of the Greek Orthodox Church wished to come into the fold of Rome, with certain conditions. They were willing to acknowledge the supremacy of the See of Rome, but opposed a celibate priesthood and the celebration of the mass in other than the national tongue. Accordingly these Uniates were formed into a third Church, the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church. While acknowledging the Pope, they were in all other respects quite separate from the Roman Catholic Church. The recognition of all three Churches dates back to the early Middle Ages. The King of Hungary was officially head of all the Churches within his dominions, and was accustomed to exercise a large amount of control over their internal management.

The Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to a still more peculiar situation. In the first outburst of Reformation enthusiasm, Protestantism almost entirely conquered Hungary. The dreary· years of struggle known as the Counter-Reformation greatly reduced the numbers of Protestants but did not entirely eliminate them. In fact, the Roman Catholics, who controlled the Government, came to realize that Hungary could not afford to destroy her Protestants without the most lasting injury to herself j and a Hungarian, whether Catholic or Protestant, is a Hungarian, before he is a Churchman. Accordingly the Government adopted the policy of including the two prominent Protestant Churches-the Reformed and the Lutheran- 631

among the number of those recognized and regulated by the State. All other Protestant Churches were rigorously excluded. These two were privileged to remain, but they must live to themselves. It was also made very difficult for a person born in one denomination to go over to another. Before making such a change, the minister or priest of the man's former denomination must be notified weeks in advance, and his consent must be obtained before the man could be enrolled in the denomination of his choice. Such was the old law which, happily, today is abrogated. The appointment of all preachers to their charges had to be confirmed by the Minister of Public Instruction and Religion, who was always a Roman Catholic. While tolerating these recognized forms of "heresy," the Roman Catholic bishops insisted that the Protestant preachers remain faithful, each to his own recognized heresy. Hence, when a new Protestant preacher came to his charge, the Roman Catholic bishop of the diocese in which thfl charge was situated claimed the right to examine- the new clergyman, and, if he found him unsatisfactory, to demand that a change be made.

Every citizen of the kingdom was compelled to register at a religions census as an adherent of one of the recognized religions. Though he never went to church, and his sympathies might be elsewhere, yet he had to put his name down as Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Reformed, or Lutheran. If he lived in Transylvania he was granted the additional privilege of being allowed to enroll as a Unitarian. The assessment for the support of each of these Churches came to those who had registered as belonging to it. Thus if a man registered as Reformed, he was assessed so much for the support of the Reformed Church. It was a state tax aud if he did not pay, the bailiff had the right to seize his property.

This state of things led to a most unsatisfactory condition within the Protestant Churches of Hungary and all the old Reformation enthusiasm died out. Additions to church membership came only from the confirmation classes. It has frequently been said that nothing would horrify a Hungarian Protestant preacher more than to witness conversions taking place under his preaching. The greatest words of praise wherewith Ii Hungarian Protestant commends his preacher are: "He does not speak to the heart."

The only thing able to save Hungarian Protestantism from ultimate extinction-the thing its friends feared and its enemies expected ~was a renewed intercourse with the more vital Christianity of the Protestant Churches of the West. This the Hungarian Government was determined to prevent at all costs. New denominations were prevented from entering and people were 'not allowed to change their church connections without the consent of the preacher or priest. The state assessment to the support of one of the recognizeddenominations was also a barrier.

1923J GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN HUNGARY

In spite of these regulations, certain forms of unrecognized re.:- ligion entered Hungary and maintained a more or less precarious foothold. Such were the Sabbatarians (Seventh Day Adventists), and the Nazarenes. The latter sect, made up of people who in beliefs and practices are very similar to the Quakers, has existed iu Hungary a long time. At first, it was bitterly persecuted. Later, it became unofficially tolerated. The toleration went so far that for some time the Army authority has refrained from placing Nazarenes in a combative corps. Yet the revival of Christianity in Hungary could not come from a sect which was weak and despised.

Finally, two strong Western Churches braved all the penal edicts and entered Hungary. These two Churches were the Baptists and the Methodists, both of which entered by way of Germany. Today they are closely linked with the American Churches of the same denominations. The Baptists were the first to enter, commencing their work in 1842, but for many years their beliefs had to be held more or less in secret. When the first Methodist missionary, Robert Moller, sought to land from the boat at Pozsony, in 1870, the authorities forced him to return to Austria, whence he had come. The Methodists were obliged to wait until 1895 before they found an opportunity to enter. In that year the Hungarian Government made its first real advance toward religious freedom. Two vexed questions had been debated for many years-the stat1Js of tM Jews, and the conversion of members of one Church into another. Along with these two, there arose the question of mixed marriages. The civil marriage law of 1894 provided that marriages celebrated by civil authorities were legal. The Jewish law of 1895 admitted the Jews to the status of a recognized religion. Finally, the religious liberty law of 1895 assured the free practice of religion.

While the Government no longer officially persecuted members of the unrecognized denominations, stiIl it did nothing to save them from private persecution. Many were the attacks from mobs in the small villages, where the rule of the priest was absolute. Yet, in spite of this opposition, both the Baptists and Methodists rapidly gained ground and before the outbreak of the European War, there were 20,000 Baptists and about 600 Methodists. The Methodist work was mostly in the Bacska in the south. The Baptist work was largely in the large and rich county of Bihar. Through the Peace Treaty, both Baptists and Methodists lost their strongholds. The greater part of the Baptists came under the sway of Roumania; the Methodist preaching places now belong to Jugo-Slavia. Hence, in 1919, both Methodists and Baptists had practically to start all over again. Then came the Bolshevik misrule, when preachers of every denomina~ tion were persecuted. During the Roumanian occupation, there was another period.of suffer,ing, Yet, somehow, as a result of all these

hardships and sufferings which Methodists and Baptists had to endure along with all other people who called themselves Magyars, the attitude of the people toward these denominations changed.

In 1905, the Baptists received from Premier Couut Tisza some sort of quasi-official recognition. It was arranged then that Baptist preachers need no longer be compelled to serve in the army in any other capacity than that of Chaplain. For fifteen years this question of recognition made a great cleavage in the ranks of the Baptists and hindered their growth. In 1920 three bishops of the Methodist Church, visiting in Budapest, were entertained by the Premier, Huszar Karoly, and shown the devastation in the city after the Bolshevik rule and the Roumanian occupation. When they gave him a present of 300,000 korona for use in reconstruction work, there was a tremendous outburst of popular enthusiasm over the American Church which had come to help them.

In spite of the lingering handicaps from the old system, both }Iethodists and Baptists report a phenomenal increase since the war. In 1920, there were but 100 Methodists in Hungary, with one preacher and one church. Today the Methodists are spread over more than five counties, their number runs into the thousands, and they have many preachers and churches. It is the Mass Movement of India over again. A new and vital religion has come into the land. The people are heart-hungJ,'y and flock to every preaching service.

In conclusion, let me quote a few words from Bishop Balthasar of Debreczin, the head of the Reformed Church of Hungary. He was discussing the danger which all classes in Hungary have through the spread of Bolshevism. He said: "Neither the Catholic, Reformed, Lutheran, nor any other Church established in Hungary can reach the mass of the people any longer. Not only are we losing them, but they are flocking into Bolshevism and becoming a menace. If you can do anything to save them to Christianity, may God bless your efforts. Churches which have had no connection with the past in Hungary can do what we cannot."

SPARKS FROM THE HOME MISSION ANVIL Adapted from Rev. B. C. Hening, D.D., in Home ronil Foreign Field Affinity is a good thing only when it is affinit~· for the right thing. There is a world of difference between doing a thing because it is rigbt and claiming that it is right because we are doing it. It is better to seek help to do what we ought than to see~k an excuse for doing what we wish. To claim faith in the teachings of the Scriptures and not to disseminate them is hypocrisy. Men need not be of our race to harm us if we neglect to .give them the Gospel. If people are willing to see only what they wish to see, then good eye sight is of little use to them.

God's sun, soil and showers are of little value to produce a harveRt if there is stinted sowing of good seed.

Christ's Cause Among the

Notes of a Recent Conference Held in Princeton, New .JerseY,in the Interest of .Jewish Evangelization 13Y JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORK NOONE acquainted with the Jewish situation in America (mn doubt that the Jews are now entering upon one of the most critical and eventful periods in their whole history. Their numbers and wide distribution, their increasing influence, the decline of the synagogue, the growth of materialism and irrElligion among them, the distinct lowering of moral standards within recent years, the rise of anti-semitism-all remind us that the Christian Church in America can no longer ignore the Jews. While individual Christians have kept alive the sense of obligation to the children of Israel, no thoroughgoing effort has been put forth by any denomination in this country, and no definite, thought-out program of Jewish evangelization has been projected.

The Conference on Jewish Evangelization, therefore, recently called by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions for the discussion of important problems, and to confer as to the best methods of approach to the Jews, was significant mainly in that it indicated the desire of a great body of Christians to write work for the Jews into their missionary program. The fact that other denominations are enlisting in similar service may be regarded as a common recognition of responsibility and an earnest purpose to make the evangelization of the Jews an integral part of the denominational activities..The Conference at Princeton had a varied program with speakers eminently qualified to present their subjects in a vital and practical way. Among these were Professor Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton Seminary; Drs. John A. Marquis and John McDowell, of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions; Dr. H. H. McQuilkin, of Orange; Dr. Max Reich, president of the Hebrew Christian Alliance; and others engaged in work forJewish people.

The fact that there are now about 4,000,000 Jews in the United States-a larger number than is estimated for any other landchallenges the attention of the Christian Church. Though themajorityare poor, yet the race as a whole is making progress in many lines of activity, and they wield an influence out of all proportio~ to their numbers. On the bare ground of self-interest theChutflhmay well consider the importance_ of enlisting- this -adaptable, resourceful and masterful people in the service of Christ.

All Christian work must face difficulties, but it is generally agreed that there are special obstacles to be overcome in seeking to 635

win the Jews for Christ. There is the traditional Jewish attitude of opposition to Christianity because its teaching seems to conflict with the fundamental doctrine of Judaism concerning the divine unity. Orthodox Jews also have received a distorted conception of Jesus which closes the door to any Messianic claims which may be presented by Christians, while Reformed Jews, who have been taught a nobler view of Jesus as a prophet, yet repudiate the idea of His Messiahship, and claim for Him the place of a loyal Jew who sought only to exalt .Judaism and never intended that His followers should establish another religion. The main difficulties, however, are historical. The Jew is antagonistic to Christianity chiefly because the persecutions he has been called upon to endure at the hands of nominally Christian people have put a veil between him and Christ. This ill-usage has had the effect of driving the Jew in upon himself and making his Jewishness more Jewish, and in developing a communal consciousness which interprets acceptance of Christianity as treason to the Jewish race. Many a Jew has come to believe in Christ, but lacks the courage to confess Him openly and thus let loose upon himself a storm of conununal wrath.

In the Princeton Conference, it was also brought out that the difficulties in the way of Jewish evangelization are not all on the side of the Jew. There is a deep-seated prejudice, even among those who profess to be followers of Christ, which imposes barriers difficult to surmount. Such an attitude robs the Gospel of its meaning and nullifies the work of the missionary. Varied explanations were given for the rise of anti-semitism in America-racial prejudice, the disagreeable characteristics of some Jews, Jewish exclusiveness, religious antipathy, the place of the Jews in the rejection of Christ, the unserupulous methods of certain Jewish business men, alarm at their growing influence, the international character of Jewish activities, etc. But while all agreed that Jews, as individuals, must bear the burden of their own misconduct, it was held to be both unjust and unChristian for us to lay upon a whole race responsibility for the sins of the few.

The Christian Church, moreover, is under obligation, by every Christian motive, to oppose all propaganda directed against the Jews and seek to defend them from all unfair and false accusations.

A questionnaire was sent out by the Department of Jewish Evangelization of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions to 120 Hebrew Christians in this and other lands concerning the best method of approach to the Jews. The replies brought out the fact that ninetyeight per cent of those who responded had been led to open their minds and hearts to Christian truth through the kindness and sympathetic interest of some individual Christian. This fact consequently· must largely determine the methods to be employed in the work of J ewish ev~ngelization. For Jewish neighborhoods it was agreed that community work is more fruitful in results than the con-

J9231 UHRJS'l"S CAUSE AMONG THE JEWS

ventional Jewish mission, as the .Jews resent being singled out as the object of Christian effort. The varied ministries carried on in a community center furnish manifold opportunities for personal approach through which the Christian spirit is revealed, prejudices are broken down, and a way is opened for the Gospel. These ministries make more effective the distinctly evangelistic services which are an essential part of the program. As an evidence of the fruitfulness of such methods, a speaker at a recent Conference of Conservative Rabbis was quoted as saying that while the old-fashioned missions succeeded in demoralizing a few individuals, the new method of community approach demoralized whole neighborhoods. While community work in neighborhoods predominantly Jewish meets an essential need, and should be greatly extended, yet the majority of Jews in the United States do not live in ghettos, but in American residential neighborhoods and within the parishes of Christian churches. For such Jewish people, the way of approach must be through the local church. There are thousands of churches that have Jews in their community and the work of Jewish evangelization will never be overtaken until such churches are enlisted in a ministry to these Jewish neighbors.

The subject of appropriate literature for Jews also received consideration. It was recognized that conditions in America demand a new type of literature to meet the need of the American Jew who has broken with the synagogue but who is under the spell of atheism, socialism, and modern cults, or is frankly materialistic.

The Conference was characterized by the spirit of hopefulness, and those who attended recognized, in the present situation, a call of God to interpret to the Jew the Gospel in terms of sympathy and good will and seek to lead him out of his mental and spiritual ghettos into the freedom of Christ.

Women's Work in the Metropolis One Hundred Years 'of the Woman's Branch of the New YOTk City Mission Society BY EDITH H. WIDTE, EXEC1UTiVE SECRETARY O NLY those who have been in intimate touch with the Church and problems of a great cosmopolitan city can realize the need for bringing the light and life of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to bear on the individuals and the home life of these masses of human- .ity. Social and industrial life, amusements, employment, education and health, as well as Church life, are all affected by the religious ideals and habits of the people. Social evenings, musical organizations, gymnasium,bowling, sewing-school, cooking and kitchen gar-

den are a part of the work of the Woman's Branch of the New York City Mission and every summer about 6,000 people are sent from the city into the country for outings, as well as 800 children for two weeks in the fresh air.

The City Mission Society employs twenty-two visitors and nine nurses who make an average of 50,000 visits during the year in the homes of the poor. The nurses make about 4,000 calls a year in the homes of the people and some 6,000 treatments are given in the firstaid rooms of three of the Children's Aid Society schools, the Virginia Day Nnrsery, Lincoln Home and Hospital.

In 1873 a missionary was appointed to visit the sick poor, and this work was found so valuable that a member of the first graduating class from Bellevue Hospital Nurses' Training School was secured to attend the sick poor in their homes-the first district nurse work. The following year five trained nurses were employed, and as the work has increased according to the funds available, the foundation principle of a society has been maintained that as the nurses minister to the body, instruct the mothers or daughters, they also minister to the soul.

A training school was established in 1895 to give instruction in the mornings and practical experience in the afternoons. After a year of study and practice many of the young women become Pastors' Assistants, Church Visitors or leaders in Church activities, community service or missionary work.

The society has been a pioneer, not only in district nursing but in sewing schools (established in 1866), employment bureaus and benevolent aid. Out-of-door services were held in 1873 for persons of all nationalities and shades of complexion, and in 1875 Olivet Church started a "Helping Hand Auxiliary" for women who were paid by the hour for sewing. Mothers' meetings were started in the same year. The Virginia Day Nursery was opened in 1878, the same year that fresh air work was begun. Visits to prisons, accompanying delinquents to court, cooperation with old F'ive Point's Mission, with hospitals and dispensaries, have alS'O been included in the activities. In the year 1822, $606.37 was spent in the work; fifty years later the budget was $3,466.00, and last year, the one hundredth year, $108,- 774.80 was spent. At the fiftieth anniversary it was reported that during the half century $94,166 had been raised and expended by ladies, but in the second half of the century $2,050,224.25 was raised.

The five churches conducted by the society are interdenominaional and gave to the society last year $8,230 from voluntary offerings. Over two hundred and fifty of these church people are helping in the City Mission Churches, and two hundred and seven united with them on confession of faith during 1922.

Twenty years ago it city mission worker noticed the leadership of a West Side boy who was a member of a street gang. One day,

J WOMEN'8 WORK IN THE METROPOLIS

as a bait, the missionary asked him to get her a piece of cheese at the corner grocery store. 'When he brought it back she asked him to arrange the chairs for an evening meeting. He complied with her request, attended the meeting and afterwards went to the gymnasium. Later he said: " For ten years I fixed those chairs before and after the meeting; I entered into the educational, industrial, social, physical, and spiritual life of the Church. I got a job through the Church: I found my wife there; our children are now members of the Cradle Roll. Thank God for that piece of cheese!"

A VISITING NURSE TREATING AN INJURY Was it worth while? A city mission district nurse has a picture of fourteen young men who were members of her Sunday-school class, recruited while nursing in their homes of poverty and ignorance. These young men have now gone into other parts of the great city as successful physicians, teachers and business men. One is the superintendent of a large Sunday-school and all are a credit to the manhood of America. This nurse recently met a young man holding a place of trust with a well-known city architect. She first met him as a lad of seven years, walking with his mother, five sisters and three brothers a few days after they had landed. She spoke with them in their own language, invited them to church and they all came-father

64U 'l'HE MISSIONARY REVIE'V OJ.' 'i'HE IVOH·LD

included. They suffered hardships, living in cheap rooms with bad air and limited food. Now, years afterward, the young man said to the nurse with a great deal of emotion: "I want to tell you that I have been made a member of the firm and I owe it to the day when you met that immigrant boy and invited him to the church where he got started right. I will pass it on."

When we see one living man or woman, a vital element and a constructive force for good, instead of a destructive and evil influence in his community, we realize the value of such regenerative work. When we think that if we reach even as few as ten people a year, we hav,e in one hundred years reconstructed t,OOO lives and have helped them to become forces for good in home and business, in Church and State, then statis- tics become athrob with life!

Cities are strategic cen- ters, for from them go out in- fluences that affect the whole nation. Today the thirty-one women workers of the W om- .lIIIIIIii=~~' an's Branch of the New York City Mission speak in many WHERE THE CITY MISSIONARY WORKS tongues and touch the lives of white and colored, of Italians and Germans, Spanish and Czecho-Slov- akians, Syrians and Spaniards.

Four City Mission Churches are supplied with a staff of five to eight workers. Within a year the following results were recorded: 269 gathered into church schools; 35 children gathered into day schools; 45 adults gathered into church schools and home depart- . ments. Ten mornings devoted to canvassing from Houston to ]1ifth Streets on Avenue B, included visits to 253 families, among whom were Italians, Poles, Russians, Ukranians, Germans, Slavs, Hungar- ians and one American. About half of them were Roman Catholics, a third of them Jews and thirteen were connected with Olivet Church.

The officers of the Society are: Mrs. A. F. Scbauffler, First Directress; Miss Ele8JJ.or deGraff Cuyler, Second Directress; Mrs. William S. Edgar, Secretary; Miss Eleanor G. Brown, '£reasurer; Mrs. A. W. Halsey, Treasurer Christian Workers' Home; Mrs. Henry R. Cartwright, Jr., TreMmer Christian Workers Training Sehool; Miss Elizabeth Billings, Treasurer, Benevolent Fnnd; Mrs. L. S. Bainbridge, Honorary Snperintendent; Miss Edith H. White, Executive Seeretary. The Headquarters are located at 105 East 22d Street, New York Oity.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA FEDERATED POSSIBILITIES the United States of America, and The "I can't" of isolation gives helps tens of thousands of people to way before the" we can" of coopera- better race relations and missionary tion. The impossible of the individual interest, is worthy of the attention of beeomes the possible of the group. all other cities.

Such are the accomplishments of Bent the grass blades to each other, World Kindred Week in Chicago.

Whispered each unto his brothe]', World Kindred Week did not just , I Let '8 combine! happen. It was not a sudden, spec- tacular and meteoric flash. It was Let '8 combine I " the climax of months of careful, pains- Then the tiny blades, upspringing, Sent these words with voices ringing: "See the fruit 'of combination- taking missionary education. Emerald carpet for 'a nation! " Fifty thousand young people, mem- Once the stars said to each other, bers of various denominational young Signaling It far·off brother, people's organizations, determined to "Let's all shine! set themselves to the task of aiding Let's all shine!" in the solntion of the race problem in Chicago and of developing greater At the word their lamps were lighted, interest in home and foreign missions. And earth's wandering feet were righted. Oh, the power of combination For the world's illumination I They. worked through the Young Said the churches of a city, People's Commission of the Chicago "We work alone. That's such a pity. Federation of Churches. Following the line of the mission study themes Let's combine!

Let '8 com.hine!" for the year, they centered on India and Inter-Racial Relations. Begin- Strength has Mille to men wherever ning in December, five months before They have faced a task together, their final World Kindred Week, they 1Jet us try cooperation planned careful study and prepara- In the world's regeneration.

-Adapted from Sarah L. Stoner.

There are things in the missionary tion to culminate in the production work or the world that must be done of two great religious dramas, "Finby individuals. There are some things ger Prints, " a drama play on race rethat must be done by a single congre- lations, and "Tides of India," a gation or denomination, but there are pageant play portraying, with a cast some things that require group coop- of five hundred young people, India's eration for successful accomplishment. religious destiny. Natives of India took part, and real tropical animals r were introduced in some of the epi- WORLD KINDRED WEEK IN OHI- sodes.

OAGO The play told the story of a rajah A missionary achievement of one who threatened to turn a tiger loose city, which enlists the participation of on the Christians near his palace, but fifty thousand young people of vari- who was finally won over to Christi- ous denominations, inspires editorial anity through his brother and his comment of Chicago papers, wins brother's wife whom he had previ- commendation from the President of ously imprisoned when he learned of 641 4

their acceptance of Christianity. Mod- enterprise is worth while as a demon- ern conditions in India were vividly stration of the spiritual unity which transcend~ sectarian lines when the portrayed. Gospel is considered in its broader One of the difficult accomplishment~ a~pects as a solution for vexed prob- lcms underlying the relations of races was the singing of native Indian and peoples. Here denominational songs. The enthusiastic determination differences are submerged by the youth of the young people refused to accept of the Church for a common causF'. the statement of the Washington rep- and the stage and the drama becomc resentative of the Government of a means for: conveying to Chicago a India that it would be impossible to me~sag-e of fundamental oneness in get the music of the Indian National the sen'ice of mankind. '1'0 our anthem, Bande Mataram, Hail Moth- thought, this undertaking marks a erland. They found a Hindu who new era in religious work." could sing the anthem and had the music written down note by note. The Pre~ident Warren G. Harding, in chorus of one hundred voices was then a letter to the Young People's Comtrained with this musical score for thr mission commending their effort to first occasion on which a group of (~ontribute to the solution of the race Oeeidentals had ever sung this diffi- prohlem, urg'ed the development of cult Oriental music. IJ,'l'pater cooperation between the white UI1(1 black races. He gaid in part: One of the most valuable educa- "R3!'ial amalgamatIOn there cannot tional features of the pageant was the be. Partnership of the races in destudy and preparation made by th(' ,'eloping the highest aims of all hufive hundred young people who pro- lIlanit," there must be if humanity, duced it. The impression made b~' not ()lll~' h('rE' but everywhere, is to its two productions in Medinah Tem- IIchie"e the ends we have set forth." . ple, the largest eonvention hall ill Chicago, with the second largest stage The mission study themes for 1923in the world, will abide with thou- 24. "Raving America Through her sands of spectators. The play was Girls and Boys" and " Japan," chalwritten by Helen L. Willcox, and di- lenge the cooperation of the churches rected bv Ruth Worrell. of the ('ities and counties of America foJ' similar presentation. "Finger Prints," the play on race relations, was written by Charlotte C. PLAYGROUND POSSIBILITIES S. Chorpenning, a Chicago woman. for an pqual number of white and It Vas only a small town-too small Negro pla~'erR. The dialogue is made to have man~' of the improvements lip of ~wOl'd for word quotations from that are common in larger towns. It l'Onversations between the author and was .large enough, however, to hav€' interested members of both races, and houses crowded together on narrow was based on some four hundred in- streets and children playing in alleys. terviews and forty group discussions. A man who had studied the play- The study concerns the attempt of ground work of larger cities, spent a both white and colored people to im- summer Tacation in the small town. prove their community, and shows One day a child playing in the street how Christianity makes possible right was run down by an automobile, inter-racial relationships, "Why don't you give your children The Chicago Daily JOllrnal made a playground f" he' asked of the small the following comment editorially: town. "World Kindred Week is a splendidly ambitious and high purposed enter- "We never thought of a playground prise. Aside from the particular in- for a little town like this," answered terest inherent in the themes of these a woman resident. two plays, the enterprise deserves more than passing comment. The , 'A child wal! killed because you

1923J BEST

never thought," suid the IllUlI ,,1Iietl,L the churches will cooperate in it. A Then the IYOlllAn had to think. She score of eities 1l0W have fall schools of missions. Each cooperating church had to make other people think. The~' selects its mission study leaders for found that more than half of the chil- the yeal' and send" them to the school dren of their town had no yards in for ·their training. which to pIa.". ~. playground W<IS purchased. The l'hureheH each fur- 'fIll' result is that thousands of Ilished H represputative to ~t'rve on a leaders are being prepared for their playground committee. Each church work every year. was responsible for the playground for one day a week. Young people of Baltimore, Maryland is Olle of the H II j he churches were quick to volun- cities that has, through the federated teer to' help. College athletes at home work of the missionary women of the on v8eation became interested. Spe- city, given an annual school of mis- ('ial features were arrallgpd and sions to the workers of all the "pecial C(lllte~ts staged. churches.

The Town (!()lll1cil became inter- The president tells two stories of ('sted and made an appropriation for resu1t~ in individual cases: a trained playgTound director to work UHler th~ ('ommitt('f' of th(' chureheH , 'lVIa~" I join your mission study and to IULYe general charge of the class?" was asked by a bright, enerlargc staff of Yoluntl'er IYOrkNS II'ho getic young woman. The pastor's IHr(' ('a~t'r to Iwlp. wife anSIH'rp'd, "No, but you may teach it." The idea was immediately A WORLD VOYAGE taken up hy the members of the mis- ,ionar.' 80ciet)" and they agreed that How It maN be ,}fade without tile E.Tl'enSf' the coming school of missions prom- of a Stea,m.hip Tic/,rt ised the needed aid.

~ix groups in one church or six or It was decided that the prospective more churches may combine in a teacher should attend the school and yoyage around the world. Assign a the society m€'~t the expense. This country to each group or church. Al- arrangement proved satisfactory. low several weeks or months for study and preparation. Let each group or The school, with its capable inchurch prepare for effective presenta- structors for the arlult, young people, tion of missionary work in the coun- anrl junior books, the many missiontry assigned them. Exhibits of maps, aries home on furlough, bearing with charts, pictures, products and articles them the very atmosphere, needs, and showing' life and customs may be opportunities of the fields they repreplanned. Dramatizations, readings Rented, the splendid Christian women and stor.ies may be employed. and men zealous for knowledge, and enthusiastic in giving expression to An entirE' day, or an afternoon, or their faith. and the pleasant fellowan evening may be spent in each ship attracted and enthused this country, or a month may be devoted young woman. to each with a varied program for presentation. She attended all sessions and COll- tributed to the music with her well FEDERATED SCHOOLS OF MIS- trained voice. Later she "ntered into the Christian actiyities of the winter SIONS with zest.

A well equipped, well attended When a camp leader was wanted by school of missions may be an impos- her denomination for Wilson College sibility for one church or for one de- and Mountain Lake Summer School nomination in a town or city, but of Missions, she was chosen. At the almost any city may have a successful latter she taught the young people '8 school of missions if the people of all book and again gave expression of her

consecration to a life of service WHY NOT SAVE AMERICA THROUGH through her songs. HER BOYS AND GIRLS' Not all of us The complete giving came when she live in such cities, but all of us live responded to the call for workers in in cities and towns with resident chil- Japan. There she labors and is dren. Our home mission theme is grateful that she attended a school Saving America Through Her Boys of missions. and Girls. Why not have all the churches plan an affair or various *** affairs-with the children as guests of honod The women'8 missionary A young mother, busy with home societies of a town or city might enduties, yet not too occupied, attended tertain the chi,ldren's societies at a the school of missions. She began to story hour or a reception. realize the needs of her own church. She saw the great number of young There should be federated plans for people in their teens not enrolled for children of the Juvenile Court, for service. These she has steered through orphans and neglected children, and two seasons of mission study. But, for the entire child life of the comthe testing of her interest was ex- munity. pressed when asked if she would be willing for one of her daughters to WHY NOT MAKE A COMBINED APgo to the foreign field. "What! afbr all I have said to others about life PROACH TO YOUR PUBLIC LIBRARY 1 A service 1 Yes, wherever God chooses Library Committee may do far-reachto usc her, I am willing." ing work for a city federation by get- ting from librarians or mission study *' *' :I(:; leaders of various churches, a list of missionary reading or reference books Winter schools of missions in Flor- they would like to have added to the ida are proving most successful. library for their year's study and mak- Schools at Deland and St. Petersburg ing out from them a list to be prehave become regular features of the sented to the librarian with the re- January and February program for quest of the federation that these Florida. The 1923 schools enrolled books be added to the library. Any delegates from more than thirty public library wi1l give respectful atstates, and from foreign lands. The tention to such a request if it bears number of men in attendance was a with it the assurance that the churches matter of comment. Prominent busi- of the city unite in making it. ness men, with whom it is difficult to get a five minute interview in New THE NECESSITY WHICH MOTHERS York, sat for hours in the school of missions. Women, who are driven by INVENTION home cares so that they could attend few meetings in their own cities, She had no blackboard, no crayons, sauntered leisurely from tourist hotels no large sheets of paper, but she had to spend the day at the school of mis- all outdoors around her. She wanted sions. to teach a lesson on India to her chil- dren. The day was hot. The shade Other winter resorts will do well of the trees was cool and inviting, so to learn from Florida the advantages the meeting was held on the lawn. of winteT schools of missions. Instead of a wall or blackboard map, there was a lawn map or India, out- WHY NOT? lined by white tape held in place by long nails or pegs. WiHY NOT ENTERTAIN RESIDENT JAP- Instead of stars or circles to locate ANESE? As we are studying Japan mission stations the boys and girls this year, why not have all the themselves stood on the map to give churches in cities or towns in which the proper location. A pilgrimage to there are resident Japanese give a the great shrines was given and a special reception at which Japanese missionary journey. A similar plan are the honor guests?

BEST MEl'HODS

might be used for indoor meetings by ing done, because anyone who wanted a book had simply to ask for it, but drawing a chalk map on the floor. A very few asked; now we have over a hundred well selected books and as sand map on the beach is another pos- soon as funds are available, we will purchase the latest books. In fact, we sibility. must do this to supply the ever in- creasing demand. Last year over four '* *' *' hundred books were read and this year we will undoubtedly double the There was no auditorium. There number.

were no electric lights, Jio aluminum In order to accomplish this, the libra- rians must be on the alert all the time. screen, no seats-only a man who They cannot wait until the books are called for. No indeed; our librarians wanted to reach some of the unreached attend the monthly meetings of the people of the mountains with a mis- missionary society, take an armful of books and mingle with the women as sionary message. they assemble, suggesting books they would not only enjoy reading, but He put his screen np between two that they would find helpful; then they are on hand at the aid and circle trees and adjusted his lantern with meetings doing the same thing, per- suading many to read one of the books its gas tank. The people sat on the who never read any books along mis- Bionary lines before, and, too, husground, and with earnest interest, un- bands enjoy reading them. We also see that the expressional societies of spoiled by an overdose of movie films, the church school have books suited to their needs, and it is surprising how looked for more than an hour at the many of these books they are reading and the eagerness with which they are first pictures they had ever seen of called for. lands across the oc>IeI an*. We find the intensely interesting >II books like, BeUs- of the Blue Pagoda, Sita and RevoU of Sundarang, are "Will you illustrate the use of a ~plendid for giving out first and creat- ing a desire to know more of condimissionary curio or object lesson at a tions in other lands and amQng other peoples. You must have a variety of special demonstration meeting 1" books to suit the different tastes. Our books are in great demand for the "Haven't any curio with me," an- various programs of the church so- cieties. swered the young man. It is surprising, the increased mis- "Find one," suggested the leader. sionary spirit .that is aroused through the reading of the many books to be "That will be a second feature of the had and the informing of our people demonstration.' , on this phase of our work in other lands. A genuine interest in the work That afternoon the young man was has developed which could have been gained in no other way and those who out for a hike with the Boy Scouts formerly took a passive interest are now enthusiastic for missions-World on an old Indian traiL They found a Call.

number of arrow heads.

The next day at the demonstration meeting he displayed an arrow head as his point 01 contact and introduc- tion for the story of the Red Man's search for the white man's Book of Heaven.

HOW TO GET MISSIONARY BOOKS READ By MRS. TRos. D. GORDON Librarian of the Missionary Society of the Firat Christla.n Churuh of Oklahoma City One of the very best means of interesting people in missions is through the reading of live, truthful missionary books. But you say, How are we going to get the books V Do as we did -by raising a special book fund.

We now have a librarian and three assistants, using a card index system to keep a record of our books and those who read them. Two years ago we had fifteen books with very >little read-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial OOJ1!miitcc: MRK. HENRY '. PEABODY, ,LICE :!. KYLE. (fr.;Wl'ln':DE SmeLT/.

MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COM- eeJemonies pecuLiar to the elall of the MITTEE OF THE FEDERATION ,merican eollege girl. 'fheir first JUNE 14th ill recorded introduction into tIl<' colleO'c Among matters of interl'st discussed life of South India took place at the meeting were the organization ;1areh last year when the " ellul'l'

of the National Committee of One Medical School sent out its first ClaSH Hundred for I,aw Enforcement, with of fourteen to take their places in the pwohritc~h the Federation is affiliated' re- world of professional women. from many of the Boards' ap- It was Dr. Ida Scudder's idea that provmg a plan for the Federation of these fourteen girls should know some- tahere'Cpohrrti8btiyanMWrs.omWeinllioafmthWe aWterosrlod~· thing of the fun and frolic, the Iwrit- age of tradition, the links of dear the Commission of International Jus- a~sociation that characterize com- tice and ?ood Will; suggestions sent lllencement week. In this case how- by the Woman's Foreign Missionary ever, the traditioll must ne;cls be Society of the Methodist Episcop~l newly made, the associations freshlY Church that stewardship be made a formed, It makes one wonder whos'e topic for discussion at summer schools, brain first devised the Tree Planting at WeUesley, the first Dais~' Chain at and that resolutions be passed ill Ya~sar, the first passing oyer of the sympathy with the action of our Gov- ~cnior Steps at Mount nHyoly:~omkee~ican ernment in recognizing Mexico. An June hea t of ma The interesting visit from Rev. Adolph commencement weeks see;ned concen- Keller of Zurich, Switzerland. helped trated into that blazing March afterthe Executive Committee to visualizE' Huon. At four o'clock the sun was the serious situation of Protestantism fltill shining with undiminishpd force in Europe as the result of war and and the roof of the great white tent after-war conditions. A committee of pitched in the site of the town mamen has been appointed to consider ternity hospital was vibrating with this situation. Dr. Keller also appeals light and heat. for interest and sympathv from Christian women. I-,iteratur~ on this At 4 0 'clock, the YeHore poliee band subject can be secured from the sec- burst icnltao~s aentleivreeldyasmaadrvcah~ceangduatrhde. junior retary of the Federation, Miss Sarah "tftel' them, callie the freshmen carn'- Polhemus, 25 Madison Avenue New illg the product of many hours of lo~'­ York Citv. ' ing toil-not a laurel rope or a dais" The C~mmittee on Publications re- chain but a rope woven of tinv whit"e ported that owing to illness Miss flowers of the In dian jasmine~ It i~ Thompson would not be able to write the flower beloYEd of everv Indian the junior book on China and Mrs. girl. She has always a' fragrant Henry Meyers had been secured in her hsp~rrayhatiurc;kedjasimn inthee ;Oa'rlolsas~vdsb,raihdesavoyf place.

COLLEGE NOTES FROM INDIA WIth sweetness, encircle the neck of MISS A. B. VAN DOREN the bride; no other flower is so woven into the .life:history of the pe'Ople, Tree Day, Daisy Chain, Ivy Plant- none so rlCh In memOlT and associaing, Step Exercises, Last Will and tion. • 'I'estament–all these are rites and The other ceremony, characteristic 646 in its setting, was the planting of the nings four long, long years ago? , ..

mango tree. ~.~ the jasmine is green "A whistle sounded across the val- among Indian flowers, so the mango ley, and I turned to see approaching stands green among her trees. Its in the distance a khaki clad group, great size, its glossy leaves, and headed lJy another familiar figure.

spreading branches make it an oasis The leader whose face literally shone, of green on the barren -plain, a shelter as she led her class of Junior Girl from the sun's glare and heat. Its Guides on their evening march, was fruit is found on the tables of Gov- discoursing in animated tones. To ernors and in the lunch of the little my delight I recognized dear old unclad herdboy who rests his cattle Ebenezer on an excursian with her under its shade. There could be no hygiene class. I was led to pity them more fitting symbol of that "tree as I heard her announce in her usual whose leave8 are for the healing of enthusiastic way, 'We can visit the the nations," whose power is to be slaughter house first, then the filter exemplified in the lives of these four- beds and sewage farm, and we will teen. aim also at the reservoir, and then One vishes that every donor to the end with the municipal office, where Vellore ~Medical School might have I want to examine the last consign.

lwen a spectator at their first com- ment of rat traps and flea catchers, lllencement day. Even more, one for, girls, believe me, my latest inven· covets for thpm and for oneself, the tions in this line are going to banish privilege of being a visitor at the the rat, the flea and plague for ever fiftieth. Who can prophesy to what mor€'. I shall in this way get a gold our institution will have grown? Who bar to my Kaiser-i-Hind medal. Come <:an picture the lives of these first along. ' Yefl, it was the same old fourteen, the network of their healing Ebbie Gnanamuthu, but her name was contacts with Indian women, the pos- writ large as a public benefactor in ~;ibilities of their Christ-like ministry, the annals at the District Sanitary alike to tortured bodies and to sick and Medical Office, for she had in- hearts ~ He who plants a mango tree yented a trap that was guaranteed to leaves a gift to his children and grand- eatch and keep rats, mice, fieas, bugs, children. What shall we say of the acarus, scabies, or a common cold.

Christian women of America and "Up the steps of the surgical delndia who have planted this Tree of partment I wandered and was told Healing? that Dr. Devavaram would see me A S..nio.' CIa.. Prophecy when she had finished operating on a freshman into whose brain she had That the Indian college girl is witty been grafting a memory for anatom- as well as wise is seen by this class ical terms. In a few minutes out she prophecy, written by Elizabeth Jul- hopped, literally hopped, for the dress ian, one of the graduating class at she wore in the interests of science Yellore Medical School. The follow- forbade any attempt at walking. The ing are extracts: latest thing in operating gowns, evi- "Darkness was falling, nature was dently, was a large bag encasing the retiring to rest, and I lay on my couch whole of one's anatomy from the soles thinking of the past and dreaming of of the feet to the crown of the head.

the future. A sadness crept over my The openings were three in number, soul as I realized that my college days Ol~e at each side of the arms, and one were no more, and it was to cheer my in the region of the face at the right drooping spirits that I turned my hand corner to allow of vision by one gaze into the future with a view to eye only. To such a pass had Asepsis discovering what it held for me and come. I guessed from the curl on the my companions, for, had I not been fifth eyelash inferiorly that this was the seer of the class since its begin- myoId friend Miss Devavaram and T

guessed from what she mumbled out, for, like her predecessors, she had through the bag that she was well and a pas-'lion for work. .

happy and frightfully busy. , 'She called after me, 'Go to the "My little biplane took me in 15 .Viceregal I~odge and look up Dr. Asir- minutes to the China Bazaar street, vatham; she is private physician to Madras, and I landed at the door of the Vicerene.' I got to Simla in time the office of the Minister of Medicine, for dinner, and found the good doctor Dr. Thai Samuel. I was told by the examining the dinner cards. I heard peon that I would have to wait a con- her say as I entered 'Too much car- siderable time, as there were 203 bohydrate and not enough vitamines.

people to be attended to before me, Look up my last work on the "Effi- but, by announcing the fact that I was cacy of prickly pear thorns as a gland an old friend, I persuaded him to let digestive" and teoll the Vicerene if she me in on the 109th without bakshish. objects that one thorn in the stomach I Was ushered into the Minister's is better than two in the flesh.' Dr.

office, and there, seated in state, sat Asirvatham had but little time to Dr. Thai Samuel, clad in cloth of gold. spare from her practice, which was a She was talking ardently to no less a busy one, and she too had added lustre personage than Dr. Navamoni David to the name of the 192Q class. Bewhose dungery saree contrasted in fore leaving, she gave me a letter to strange manner with her richly read from Arabia in the wen-known gowned neighbour. But Dr. Nava- handwriting of Dr. Kruppa Abraham moni David had chosen her cloth to who wrote but seldom, she said, be- suit her simple tastes. She was now cause her work in Arabian palaces a valued member of the Legislative kept her so busy.

Council and adviser to Government on "Having come so far north I de- aU subjects pertaining to village life. termined to push on to Tibet where I She had reduced the death-rate in had been told I would find Drs. Law- villages from 10 in 1000 to 1 in 100. rence and Joshua. These two ardent Small-pox, chicken-pox, scabies, students of psychotherapy had in- plague and eholera were diseases now vented an apparatus for X-raying the only of the large towns, thanks to her. mind but had been much disappointed "Dr. Samuel urged me before to find that with it they 'could not leaving Madras to step up to the floor see through each other.'

above and see our old friend, Miss "I asked about Mrs. Thomas for I Borges, now Surgeon-General and knew that she too had sought Tibet every one said that such a one had in order to have a suitable atmosphere not been since the days of General in which to bring out her 'Poetry of Giffard. I entered the lift, and was Medicine and Surgery' in 59 volumes.

whizzed up to the office in question She had become a poet, they said, and and there I found her, but it was when not occupied with her children after a thorough search, for she was or cooking for her husband she wrote hidden behind stacks and stacks of everything she knew in verse.

papers which she told me afterwards "Calcutta was my next destination, were most of them grants for the for there I.expected to see Dr. Kana- Medical School, Vellore. 'You know, gam Stephens, the Principal of the Dr. Julian,' she said, 'these women School of Tropical Medicine. I found are never satisfied. They have every- Kanagam well but very busy as she thing a medical heart could desire and had just discovered that the cause of now they want half grant on a funic- elephantiasis was not the bite of the ular railway to climb the Jail hill on mosquito but the sting from the pro- their half holidays. They are never boscis of an elephant and she was now satisfied until they get what they have busy teaching a corps of ardent work- asked for.' With that she bowed me ers to deal with their extermination. "

19231 WOMAN '8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Dr. Ida Scudder, in closing her ad- The Travel Department will comdress to the graduating class, said: bine with the best accomodations in ,,We have watched you during the past four years with interest; we have travel, carefully arranged visits to rejoiced as we saw you developing, becoming stronger, more self-reliant mission stations. Travellers will be and finer women. Your characters have been moulded and deepened, your relieved of all the business details of sympathies widened. You have been prepared for what lies before you, the trip. The Travel Department will and we rejoice with and for you and offer you our loving congratulations take care of all transportation and and we trust that you may go on developing and that your future holds hotel reservations, arrange for the much of usefulness and joy….. handling of baggage, and make the "Have gentleness, forbearance and courtesy when dealing with the sick. best plans for their parties to see as ]fay the blessings of quietness, of assurance and of a wisdom which is many places of interest as possible inpure, peaceable, gentle, full of mercy and good fru~ts be yours always. cluding mission stations. '

" And last and greatest of all, may There are many tourists who will you follow always and closely in the want to avail themselves of such confootsteps of the Great Physician, genial fellowship in travel and such Christ who went about doing good, experienced guidance for their tours. healing the sick, outpouring His wealth of love upon a sinning, sor- There should be many churches that rowing world, encouraging, uplifting will select people of present or potenand carrying joy wherever He went." tial leadership and send them on one STUDYING MISSIONS FIRST HAND of these tours. In some cases indi- viduals will be able to bear a part or By MRs. E. C. CRONK all of their expenses. In other cases, various organizations will find they The Travel Department of the Mis- can make a good investment by paysionary Education Movement is of- ing part of the expense. fering a best method of missionary education that should be a part d the This comparatively new method of program of all the churches. 'l'om,; mission study should meet with of mission fields are being arram~ed prompt endorsement and coope'ration. under experienced leadership. The first party will sail from San Severall tours have been conducted Francisco on October 4th, with the in past years. Now the Travel De- following schedule: partment has been made a regular department of the Movement, with Dr. Oct. 4-San Fran- Nov. 23-Doo. 2-P<>klng John Cobb Worley, secretary in cisco Dee. 3-Cbl>fu charge. Dr. Worley is an experienced missionary and traveler and has con- lO-Honolulu 4–Nanklng ducted a number of successful tours. le-Yokobama 7-IO-Sbangbal 20-21-Nikko Many Church members visit the 22-Lake Cbu- 13-Hongk()ng Orient every year. Comparatively 14-17-Canwn few ()f them see anything of missions zenji I8-IS-Macao and missionary work. The usual 23-24–Nikko 20-21-Hongk()ng travel tours do not 'make it easy to 25-2B—Tokyo 24-27-Manlla visit mission stations. 29-Kamakura 30-H()ngk()ng 30-Miyanoshita 31-Sall for 31-Lake Hakone America Nov.2-8-Kyoto Jan. 3-Shanghai 9-Nara 5-InIand Sea. lO-Osaka I1-Miyajima 6-Kobe 12–.Sbimonoseki 7-S-Y()kobama 14-lS-Se()ul 19-21-Pyengyang 16-H()nolulu 22-San Francisco 22-Mukden The second party sails from San Francisco on October 10th, with stops as follows: Om. lO-San Fran- Nov.lS-19-Pyongyang 20-Mukden cisco. 16-H()noluIU 21-27-Peking 27-Yokoha.ma 28-30-Nanking 2S-29-Tokyo Dea. l-S-8banghal SO-31-Nlkko Nov. l-::-Karilakura It~~~fJ~ong 2-3-Miyanoshita. 4-9-Kyoto 18-19-Hongkong 10-Nara 22-Shangbai ll-Osaka 25-K()be l2-Mlyajlma 27-Yokohama l3-Shlmonosekl Jan. .4–Honolulu 15-l7-Seoul 10-San Fran~ cisco EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QeINLAN, 156 F1FTH AVENUE, NEW YORK C1TY MORMONISM warranted. The pamphlet has been From the report of the Committee of the Home known to shake the confidence of in- Missjons Council and Council of ,,-romen for telligent Mormons in the validity of Home Missions for 1922, lj'rank L. Moore, all of the prophesying of their proph- Chainnan. ets. This pamphlet has been re- printed by the Protestant Episcopal Mormonism has been actiye through- Board, and is available at 10 cents a out the country this past year, as in copy from the Department of Misprevious years, with its missionaries sions, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York going two and two into many com- City. munities and to almost every house. Inquiries for literature show that this Another piece of literature of the propagating activity is pushed in irenic character is the book entitled, Maine, Florida, Alabama, England, "The Foundations of Mormonism," and even in India. So far as we can by Rev. William E. La Rue. The gather information, however, the author carefully reviews both the number of converts is not commen- doctrines and the so-called prophetic surate with the efforts made. Prac- utterances upon which Mormonism ticallv all literature about Mormons rests, in a fair and impartial way. falls -into two classes: This is published by Fleming H. Re- yell Company, 158 Fifth Avenue, N. The first class, which is thc most common and most easily prepared, is Y. City, at $1.50 a volume.

of the alarmist type. It is adapted to . third is the pamphlet entitled, people who are not Mormons, and who "Ten Reasons 'Vhv Christians Can- need t'O know what Mormonism is. 1I0t F'ellowship the'Mormon Church. This literature does not convert Mor- and Answers GiYen by Brigham mons, nor does it persuade those who H. Roberts, with a Rejoinder. "

have come under the influence of Mor- The Rejoinder is the product 'Of a mon propaganda. It frequently an- dozen or fifteen men of different de- gel'S Mormons, and makes them more nominations wh'O have lived long in set in their views. It serves the use- THah, and know Mormonism in a very ful purpose. however, of arousing tile intimate way. This pamphlet has at- Church to the menace of Mormonism, tracted considerable attention from and of enlisting allies in resisting its Morm'Ons. Protestant Christians who approaches and its dangers. are surrounded by Mormons are pro- The second class of literature is curing copies for circulation in their irenic and persuasive in character. It communities. It is on the whole the undertakes to reason with Mormons best document of the rational and per- and those who are under the influence suasive kind which has bee'll pub- of Mormonism. There are but few lished. It may be obtained from the pieces of approved literature in this Council of Women for Home Mis- group. A little pamphlet which was sions, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y. City, at first published in 1912 by the Right 10 cents a copy, $4.50 per hundred.

Rev. F. S. Spalding, late Bishop 'Of Preliminary steps have been taken Utah, entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as for the preparation of another docu- a Translator," shows very plainly ment, smaller than the Ten Reasons, that the claims of Joseph Smith to more popular in character, but in a have translated correctly the Egyp- similar way setting forth the serious tian hieroglyphics, which he found objecti'Ons to Mormonism. This is in- upon two mummies, are altogether un- tended to be put into the hands of less 650 edueatE'CI people who are assailed by These indications of favorable inthe propaganda of Mormonism. terest and cooperation give promise of a united Christian program of educa- There haye lieell several conferences tion for the youth of Utah. There has participated in by representatives of been held a profitable conference of Mission Boards and Church Boards of the principals and other representa· Education. to consider cooperation of tiveH of the secondary schools in Utah, Christian churches in education in nnder Protestant Christian auspices, T7tah. The problem of education has for the realization of common responbeen looked upon both from the tech- sibilities and the formation of a ('omllically educational point of view, and mOll cooperative program. from tlw missionary point of view. It was easil~- apparent that in a state, The Utah Home Missions Council whose population is only about foul' maintains regular meetings, gives felpel' cent in sympathy with Protestant lowship and the sense of solid<lrity to Christian institutions, single churches the Protestant Christian forces of the or denominations could not expect to State, and continues the policies of coinaugurate and successfully carry out operation, which have been in successspparate educational programs, but ful operation since 1914, when the that cooperation must be the policy Council was formed. pursued. A study has been made of the t'ducational situation in Utah. August 28 to 31, 1922, the Utah This study gives full credit to the ad- Home Missions Council held the mirable public school system of the eighth annual session of "The Interstate, culminating in the University Mountain Christian Workers' Instiof l Ttah; and shows also the import- tute" in the Emery Memorial House, ance of maintaining an institution un- Salt Lake City. These sessions are dpr Christian auspices, which repre- attended by from fifty to seventy-five sents the cOllvictions of the Protestant Christian workers, who, through lec- Christians of the country. The study tures and discussions, consider the makes plain that the wise policy for current problems which arise in their all denominations in the state to pur- churches and in the state. sue, is to cooperate with the authorities of Westminster College in making In September, 1920, a representathi" an institution which can serve tive and well-attended conference of the interests common to all. the Christian workers in Utah was held in Salt Lake City. The need of I<'ortunately, Westminster College improved work was then pointed out ,las, from the beginning, been unsec- in five directions: (1) better equip- [arian in character, and wholesomely ment in material and personnel of the evangelical. At the time the investi- churches in Utah; (2) the preparagation was made, of the eighteen trus- ti on of literature particularly fitted to tees of the CollegE", seven were Pres- persuade the Mormon mind; (3) a byterians, while the other eleven were better and more effective system of distributed between the Congrega- colportage for the small communities tionalists, Methodists, Baptists, Epis- of the state; (4) the delivery of copalians, and Disciples of Christ. courses of lectures, particularly upon The church affiliation of the facult~­ the person of God, which would comand students is inclusive also of these mand attention; and (5) a plan of and other Churches. Overtures look- cooperation in education. ing toward cooperation of the differ- ('nt denominations in Westminster It is gratifying to note that already College, by the appointment and sup- substantial gains have been made in port of members of the faculty, or by each one of these directions. A means contributions to its resources, have of great usefulness would be found if been received favorably by most of some Board or Boards, or some pcrthe denon:inations concerned. sons of wealth, would furnish the funds necessary for a chapel car to be used interdenominationally, in

UIdtaahh~, and in the parts of Wyoming, the work of the winter is undone dur- Nevada, and Colorado into ing the summer months.

which Mormons have spread, and As a whole, missionary investments in Alaska have not accomplished what where Mormon doctrines are effective- they might and could accomplish if sectarian propaganda could be subly proclaimed. An automobile, suit- merged in a cooperative process of Kingdom building. The effective minably constructed could also be the isters in Alaska are earnest men who would Eke to do community service means of carrying the common Chris- in a large and undenominational way. The people would rally to a guarantian message into the smaller commu- teed single-church-for-each town pronities and~ hamlets away from the gram. This is as fine a field for home mission demonstration of unity as railroad. For the largest success such China is for the foreign workers. If a practical federation of churches in undertakings as these should be car- Alaska were worked out in the prin- ciple of one church with a resident ried on in cooperation. pastor for each place, and only one until that church was self-supporting, ALASKA a new spirit would be put into the ministers. From the report of the. CommitOOa on Alaska of the Home Missions Council and Council of Denominations doing work among Women for Home. MisSions ior 1922, Paul de the native tribes of Alaska should pay Schweinitz, Chairman. more attention to the establishment of schools for the training of a native The Government has taken action ministry. There should be more with a view to protecting the salmon emphasis placed upon the medical fisheries interests so that the food sup- work of our different denominations, plies of the Alaska Indians will .not especially among the natives, Trained be so seriously menaced and curtaIled missionary physicians and nurses as in the past. On September 12, should be sought for, and the natives 1922, the Alaska Agricultural Col- taught cleanliness, sanitation, and the lege and School of Mines was formally care of the sick. Hospitals should be dedicated. This is the first college to established for the combating of tuberbe established in the last frontier of culosis and other diseases. the United States; it is the last of the land grant colleges of the nation, and TODAY it is the farthest north institution of higher learning on the Western hemi- With every rising of the sun sphere. This institution is locat~d Thiuk of your life as just begun. three miles from the town of FaIr- The past has shriveled and buried deep banks. It is equipped with ample All yesterdays. There let them sleep; lands and an able faculty, and prom- N or seek to summon back one ghost ises much for the future to the home- Of that innumerable host. steaders and their children and to Concern yourself with but today, those who develop the mineral re- Woo it and tearh it to obey sources of the territory. Your will and wish. Since time began, Today has beeu the friend of man; Ten d iff ere n t denominations, But in his blindness and in his sorrow through their various. agencies, are He looks to yesterday and tomorrow. carrying on work in ~la:ska.. There You and today! A soul sublime, are 113 mission statIOns WIth 170 And the great pregnant hour of time, missionaries, conducted at an annual With God Himself to bind the twain; expense of about $2~0,OOO, not in- Go forth, I say; attain! attain! cluding money contI'1b11:t~ by the people in Alaska. Certam m~epend­ -Sel. entbodies the Greek CatholIcs and Roman C;tholics, also maintain mis- sions. There are fifty or sixty salmon can- neries and fishing camps in southeastern Alaska where natives spend the summer. They are exposed to many tempta,t~ons in, these camps, and often

FROM ,.MANY

!~ EUROPE had in connection with the whole con- DR. Sunday.schools in Europe troversy, and they take this oppor- W. G. LANDES, General Sec- tunity of making it known that they retary of the World's Sunday for their part are determined to close School Association, after his recent it, so that their energies may no longer trip, reports that the Sunday-school be diverted from the enthusiastic movement is growing among the prosecution of their proper work of Protestant churches of Europe. In proclaiming the eternal Gospel. They qzeeho-Slovakia, where the new na- have no hope that further discussion tIonal Church should develop Sunday- in committees will throw more light schools in due time, he found one on such theological problems as have villageschool of seventy-five pupils with been distracting them during the last only five Bibles for the entire school. few months. They believe that those In Czecho-Slovakia, as in Hungary, who have doubted God's acceptance the great need is for workers, litera- of the work of the Society and the ture, and especially Bibles. In Aus- reality of His blessing upon it will be tria, a good Sunday-school committee convinced, not by further argument, is planning to open a number of mis- but by the manifestation of the fruit sion schools in Vienna. In Budapest, of the Spirit, and by the demonstrathe magistrates grant the use of class- tion of His operation through signs rooms in public schools free of cost for following. This being so, the Com- Sunday-school purposes. The class- mittee of the C.M.S. are determined rooms are filled with children at every henceforth to concentrate all their session. In Spain the Protestants thought and prayer and energy upon have just organized a national Sun- the work of world evangelization, and day-school Union, bringing together at the same time they call all the mem- Neventy schools, with over 4,800 bers of their great constituency pupils. Portugal, too, has recently throughout the world to a new dedicaorganized a national Sunday-school tion of their lives to the same object. committee, which has applied for They believe that in the further and recognition as a section of the World's more intense prosecution of this work Sunday School Association. A goodly God will clear away any misunderde-legation from the Continent may be standings and misconceptions that reexpected at the next WorId 's Sunday main, and that He will show more and School Convention, to be held in Glas- more light upon all their problems at gow in June, 1924. home and abroad in response to a more unreserved trust in Him and His The C.M.S. Faces Forward revealed truth, a more' Wholehearted resting upon Him, and a more fear- READERS of the REVIEW are fa- less utilization of His power in the miliar with the recent experiences work He has entrusted to them." through which the Church Missionary Society has been passing, and will be interested in the following statement Not DevU. but Angels from the Church Missionary Review: omrT ROSEBEKE is one of the "The C.M.S. Committee humbly centers of La Mission BeIge seek the divine forgiveness for any Evangelique, and the worker in share of responsibility they may have charge there recently wrote: " We 653

now have 27 truly cOllYerted peo- they ~TO' into 1lI1lnhnod rmd woman· ple in our brandl of the work, all of these having been brought to a 1]0(J(1. .. knowledge of the Lord sinee we came here. . . . . .. At Hulst·;], a nf'ighbor- Preaching in Bulgaria ing village, the people were told that in our meetings real devils were to be ALETTER quoted in The Ft'iend at' seen. One Snnday a woman from that Russia indicatE'S present coml{· village came ont of pure curiosity, <is tiOIls in Bul?arill. she very much wanted to ser a devil. But what was her surprise when she "I han' left RUlliallia for Bulgaria. heard us talk about .Ie-ms Christ the "t thp frontiPI' all m~' things and all Saviour of the world, who died a'so m~' clothes hllYe been taken awa~' by to savr her. Upon her return home. the Rumanians. In spite of this, my the neighbors gatherpd around her soul is full of .io~' because there iR full and naturallv wantrd to know ',yhat !ibel'ty for preaehing in Bulgaria. she had see~ at our meeting~. Rut. Even in the streets we ma~' preach she told them that instead of devils frpel~-. Among the population there she had seen angpls! She told them is a desire for God's Word, and 1 she iutended in future to come everT hayE' many an opportunity for ex· Sunday to our meeting. Shortl)· plaining the Hol~' Bible. Several RoulR afterwards shp ,,'as convrrtecl. She are alread~· awakened; conference~ had a very bad husband who mllde life have been organized. I intenr! to visit more miserable then ever after her with Brother Balan some other towns conversion. She immrdiateh started whpre there are man.,' Russians who, praying for the conversio~ of her till now, lwyp not hpard Gor!'s Worr!. husband and at last he could not re- while Brother rl-nsatschenko remains frain any longer from accompanying' still in Ros~ to continue- the work he her to the meetings. and on the 18th has begun. We have another misof last month lw too gllvP hi~ lwart ~ion3r" herr I'ho ('xclufivelv works to the Saviour." alliong th!' Bnlg-arian~. There is a chureh in the place which can com· French "Junior Republic" prise GOO persons. but till now nobor!~· went there. Tn Bulgaria the seed is ~~A NEnglish boy, with the su~· rip" for tIle harvest, but thpre ar!' gestive name of Dash," says YfT~' few workerl'l."

the Outlook, "has just been eleMer! Baptists in Esthonia president of the first .Junior Republic is France. In that Republic the-re arp E STHONT A, yhich has received not only French and English boys and recognition br the l'niterl States girls, but also some other nationalities as a sovereign natioIl. is one of the -in all thirty-two to fortv. The con- Baltic provinces of the old Russian stitution for'their Republic is based Empire. The people are ninety per on the French Constitution. The Re- cent Esths, a Finnish people, speakpublic has been founded at Chavag- ing a language of their own. German naco in the department of the Haute· and Russian are also generally spoken J~oire. Chavagnac was Lafayette-'s in Esthonia, which has a population birthplace, and hence is a peculiarly of 1,700,000. Most of the Esths are appropriate region in which to start Protestants, and for centuries they the American endeavor. More per- have been powerfully influenced by haps than anyone of his day, l,afay- Germany and Russia. Through the ette would have sympathized with the ministry of Swedish brethren a r€'- ideal of a Junior RepUblic-to place vival took place there forty-two years the duties, privileges, and responsi- ago, but evangelicals were persecuted bilities of citizenship on boys and girls bv the Greek Orthodox and the Luthfor a period of, sar. five ~'ears before e~an Churches, and by the Russian Government. Dr. Charles E. Brooks visitf'd Esthonia three years ago, and

923J NEWS FROM MANY

as a result a Baptist seminar,v has of 'Yonng' Pioneer.' , '-Chri.~tian Adbeen openE'd, with the united help of t'ocaf e. American, Canadian and British Baptists, under the preHideney of Adam AFRICA Podin. ;Vfr. Poriin "TiteR of the mllny The Coming of the Bible (,vidences of a spiritual revival whie!l seems to be general in E-~thollia, ami I N countries where the Bible in the of successful ll1l'etings which he has language of the people is taken for held in priSOIlR and other unlikelJ' granted, Christians would perhaps applaces. There arc ~mne 5,000 baptized preciate their privileges more if they church ml'mbers now in Baptist read the following letter, received by Churches alone. the ~ational Bible Society of Scot- land from a missionary in Rhodesia: Boy Scouts in Russia "1 enclose herewith £4 towards the funds of your worthy Society. Many thanks for AMONG Russian bO,v>I, like those in thE adVlllH'c copy of the Nyanja Bible. 1:1- other c(mntriP'l, Scouting ideals What joy amongst our Nyasaland Christians have become popular, but the Soviet its appearance in this town brought I I anthoritieR canllot tolerate those fea· kept the arrival quiet till Christmas morning, when a service was held. The table was tures of its rules and practice which coyered with a beautiful cloth, and on this come ill conflict with their economic, the predons Bible was laid and was covered social and anti-religious ideal';. On the by another doth. No one but myself knew of'ca~ion of the founding of the so- what wus nnderneath. When the upper raIled "Children's Movement" Mos- doth was removed the eager eyes of the people saw the Bible. A portion of Isaiah eow scoutmasterR made the following "'as road from it as the Christmus Scripture Lessoll. rrhe ~eryiee over, the Book was instatement: "The basis of the organ- "]leoted, and on the table thank offerings izing of the' Children's Group' must wero laid. 'fhnt is where I got the £4 from. be the system of 'Scouting' provided Plea"" u('oept this small offering from a it is purifit'd from its' bourgeois' ailll~ most grateful missionary and members of and filled with new social-work idea~.

In adapting this s,vstem to the or· the mission eongrega.tion. These members ganization of the Children. Movement. are all from the societies working in Nya.a· one must leal'll to throw out of it not only its typical bourgeois ideas, such land. Vife are now looking forward to the arrh-al of the fom boxes with the Bibles."

a~, militarism, religion, middle-class morality, but alRo its superficial anti- Social Life in Nigeria political ideas, such as theories that '~I N '1'HE Ondo District of Nigeria, "

one can do away with poverty by writes a missionary of the Church thriftiness or with unemployment by .Missionary Society, "there is a firmly hard work, and also its purely outer rooted system according to which characteristics entirely connected with every adult male belongs of necessity the capitalistic past; without, how- to a group, or company, called otu.

ever, abolishing ;;ymbolism and the 'l'heAe otttS are governed by rules, following of ideals, which appeal to many of which date from the distant the child. Our aim is to develop the past; and they are a powerful and ef- social work and activities in children fective organizatiOn. 'When a man be- and not to bring them up in anti- ~omes a Christian he leaves his otu, political ideas. Of course, the old idea because membership would involve of 'Scouting' with its 'bourgeois' him in heathen practices, and joins a tendencies as already explained above, Christian egbe, or company. Practi- is entirely opposed to the new 'Chil- cally all the Christians belong to an dren's Movement,' so naturally our egbe now, and they are so numerous present aim is to fight for a 'Freed and influential that their egbes are ac- Scouting.' As the old name of corded the same recognition in the so- 'Scout' is a symbol of the old ideas, cal life of the district as the old-es- it can be replaced b~' the new name tablished hpathen ohts."

"Kikuvi Is Praying" among the more stalwart and intelli- K IKUVI is an African chier, one gent-certainly not the lowest. And the carrying on of an established' folk- . of the first converts or the way' cannot be treated exactly as if African Inland Mission, who in it were criminal, whatever might be the last few years has "turned our right to regard it as abhorrent." away from the things of God." He had many wives, and when he found he could not put them away without A Large Unworked Field HE ~~merican Presbyterian mis· T driving them into grievous sin and sionaries in West Africa, reporting dishonor and make it hard for them to be Christians, he said, "I cannot on the smallness of their force to meet put them away without sinning the opportunities confronting them, against God; I cannot keep them write: "The work which centers at without being a lame Christian." So Oyem in French Gabun was barelv through recent years he has devoted mentioned in the annual reports for himself to gaining wealth and in· the reason that four months ago it had fluence in his tribe. scarcely become a work. At that time Rev. Charles E. Hurlburt writes: we had sent but three native evan- "During the last year, as a result of gelists or Bible readers into that the work of native evangelists and region. Now we have fourteen men teachers in or near his· village, several there occupying points on the main of his wives, 80me of whom were roads of a section one hundred miles deeply interested years ago, have at· long and seventy-five miles wide, and tended the services, professed their with no boundaries on the east and faith in Christ, and brought their south. The native in charge of the charms to be destroved. Then the work gives the following estimate of mesage came to us, 'Kikuvi is pray· its scope. He says, 'The people of the ing !' And then a further message, towns are demanding Bible readers.

'My wives have turned to God and I The country is immense. Even though will not be left behind. ' And the last you should send one hundred Bible word is that Kikuvi says, 'Now the readers, they would not be sufficient.

whole Akamba tribe will soon turn to When I look at this country it seems God.' " that here you have the territories of Elat, :F'oulassi, Metet and Efulan sta- Cannibalism in the Kamerun tions all combined.' Oyem is- our re- sponsibility. It has been waiting for COMMENTING on the press report us for ten years. It is a fallow field. that the French, having taken Neither Roman Catholic nor Protesover the Kamerun, before the World tant is there. The French Mission War a German possession, find them- to the south find it too far from their selves obliged to do something about field. It is at our very door." the cannibalism which is wide-spread among the native tribes, the New York Times says: "As almost always, the Christians in Nigeria N man·eating there is done, not because INETBEN years ago a young Irish doctor who went to Southern other food is lacking, but as the result of local religions or superstitions, Nigeria to take up government serv- and this makes the practice the harder ice, while traveling in the Owerri dis- to extirpate. It cannot be stopped trict, was set upon by the natives, without making what will be regarded stripped of his clothing. and made to as martyrs, and of course argument march, naked as he was, in the hot will not convince a savage that by eat- tropical SUll to a large market-place ing his enemy he cannot acquire such some miles away. Here he was put to desirable qualities as that enemy pos~ death. Early in the present year sessed. It was long ago noted, too, Bishop Lasbrey visited the stations of that the cannibal tribes in Africa were the Church Missionary Society in this

NEWS FROM MAl-."'Y LANDS

neighborhood and found eloquent working among Jews suffer from lack proof of the change which a few short of funds, and there is also a deficiency years of gospel influence had brought of Hebrew Christians. for mission pur- about. The Bishop visited a place poses. British candidates for spreadwhich is less than a mile from the- ing the truth among the Jews are market where the doctor met his forthcoming in sufficient numbers, but tragic fate. No threatening mob of with a people of the strong racial tpye infuriated enemies escorted the white of the Jews the more Hebrew Chrisman on this occasion, but a band of tian missionaries the better for the earnest Christians, rejoicing that they growth of the work. were workers together with him for the Kingdom of God. There are now Difficulties in Palestine I more than 13,000 adherents of the N "A Galilee Doctor," the life of Dr. D. W. Torrance, missionary in Church in this district.

MOSLEM LANDS Tiberias since 1884, W. P. Living- stone describes the difficulties of work More MosleJll Women Drop Veil in Palestine during the last genera- ACCORDING to a newspaper mes- tion. "The soil," says Torrance, "is sage from Cairo, the movement hard and stony and thorny, almost among Moslem women in Egypt to beyond imagination. We have to over- discard the veil enjoined by the come the legal and ceremonial mind Koran, is spreading to Syrian and of the Jews, the proud satisfaction of Palestine communities. There are the Moslem, and the sickening super- rumors that it has even penetrated to stition of the Oriental Christian."

Mecca, the stronghold of Islam, with Nothing could be more unpromising the result that the semi-official organ than the Jew of the older settlement of King Hussein '8 Government there in Palestine-pallid, neurotic, ineffi-~ strongly denounces the tendency cient, with his carefully trimmed curl> which it declares is a violation of his fur cap brought over from Poland Koranic injunction. This interpreta- and retained in the blaze of sunshine.

tion is now denied in Egypt. Women and his ill-suited dark robe. His very there are anxious to follow the prece- aspect sp€aks of a mind fixed and fos- dent in Turkey, where most Moham- silized, with little power of adapting medan women of the higher classes itself to changing circumstances. And go unveiled. then, in an overwhelming proportion of five to one, there is the dominant New Conrt. in Palestine Mohammedanism, which again is a re- THE British Government has con- ligion at its worst, for, so far as the firmed the Balfour policy in Pal- peasants are concerned, it is an abestine. It has, however, been made original paganism thinly masked by dear that a Jewish state is not con- Moslem forms.

tl'mplated, and that the status of all citizens will be equal before the law. Foreign Advisers for Turkey A Courts dealing with Jews, Moslems CCORDING to an Associated Press report early in June, the and Christians are being established, and we shall see in the Holy Land British, French and Italian Govern- diversity of administrations of justice, ments having approved the formula which probably is the only means by for judicial guarantees relating to which good will can be permanently foreign residents in Turkey, the Laus- won. In considering Jewish missions anne Conference accepted it formally.

in Palestine it must be remembered Turkey will make a public declara- that there are only 80,000 Jews out of tion agreeing to appoint four foreign 700,000 inhabitants of that land, and advisers without interfering with the that today the Christian population functions of the magistrates. The outnumbers the Jewish. The societies adviserf! will be authorized to follow~ 5

all cases and make recommendations (7) The last of the seven services is this, to the Turkish Ministry of Justice; that· in several places, missionaries created they will receive complaints and must 'crnacular journalism. be informed promptly of all arrests and domiciliary searches. In defer- Exorcising Evil Spirits e-nce to Turkish susceptibilities the THE police in Amritsar, North Allies have agreed that there shall be India, have brought to light an exno special mention of foreigners in the traordinary case of torture in which a declaration, which applies to all resi- faqir is alleged to have caused the dents in Turkey. The Allies originally tleath of a man who has been lying on demanded that the advisers have the a sickbed for several months. It is power of veto in connection with the alleged that the man with his brother arrest of foreigners; but Ismet Pasha were seriously ill, their friends and relatives thought that spirits had eninsisted that the declaration as a spon- tered them and were causing the> distaneous act of the Turkish Govern- ease. It was decided to summon a ment showed how far Turkey was faqir who triecl his skill in removing prepared to go to insure justice; she the evil spirits by beating one of the was doing it for her own sake, as well sick brothers with hot irons and by as for foreigners, and was not accord- forcing smoke into his nostrils. The ing to foreigners any special rights. man wailed in agony but the faqir described his cries as those of the INDIA spirit within. After nearly an hour or more of this torture the patient Missionary Service in India succumbed to bis injuries. The faqir is at large and the police are after DR. J.N. FARQUHAR'S summary him. Medical examination reveals of the seven outstanding services that the man received as many as rendered by Ohristian missionaries to eighty serious injuries, and as a re- Indian vernaculars has been widely sult of the smoke passing through his quoted, as follows: nostrils his brain was affected. The practice of exorcising spirits and jinns (1) The Bible already exists in every by such methods is not uncommon.

Indian vernacnlar of any real importance. BThe "New WODlan" in Bengal ENGAT,I Ohristian women of edu- Of the value of this vast piece of work for cation and ability fill responsible posts all over the Presidency, as Asthe Kingdom of Christ and for the uplift of sistant School Inspectresses. This in- volves traveling alone, with only a India, I will not speak. I simply wish to servant or two; nights and days at dak bungalows, and the meeting of <lall your attention to this fact, that, in much that Indian women as a rule shrink from. It speaks well for this (lrder to be able to put the Bible into the "new woman" that thus far she has been found fully worthy of her trust. vernaculars, missionaries have, in many cases, "The new forward look 0:1' our womreduced the language to writing for the en in general," writes Miss Katherine Blair in the India% Witness, "is evifirst time. dent in the attitude of the girls in our boarding schools. No longer are they (2) Not only in these backward lall- so pliant in the hands of parents or guardians; yielding meekly, when guages, but in many of the great vernaculars commanded to give up their aspira- tions for an education, because they also, the missionaries wrote the first gram- mars and compiled the earliest dictionaries.

(3) In most parts of India modern vernacular education was created by mis- sionaries. .

(4) Modern vernacular e<lucationallitel'ature was created by missionaries. Other men took up tbe task at later dates.; but throughont the country the work of writing textbooks was started, at almost every point, by missionaries.

(5) Through their vernacular educational books missionaries formed, in almost every language area, modern vernacular prose, the language which is now the vehicle of or· dinary writing in every vernacular.

(6) In many cases, missionaries were the first to produce printed books in the vernaculars. Here also they were soon followed by men of otber faiths; but in the beginning' they were usually alone.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have reached the marriageable age. held its first Annual Conference in Now, new avenues of work are opening Tsinan last JUly. The Conference apup to them, and often they prefer to pointed some thirty commissions to enter them, rather than to go to homes study various educatio.nal problems. of their own. The attitude of men One of the Commissions was on elewho seek wives is also greatly altered : mentary education, and that Commisthey now want educated women who sion has sent in a resolution which will be companions to them; and a was passed by the Conference to infew more years at school do not inter- form and urge all the people who are fere materially with the prospects of engaged in elementary education not young women who may wish to to teach any religion in any form or marry." content in any elementary school, and especially not to teach the children Sundar Singh in Tibet such a belief that there is a Supreme Being in the universe, a thing which ON May 18th Sadhu Sundar Singh has not been proved and cannot be was to start out on an evangelistic proved. The resolution is being pubtour in Tibet. His plans WeTe thus lished by the Association and sent out described in the Dnyanodaya: "After broadcast. It has tremendous inspeaking at meetings in Sonawar, fluence over the educational workers Simla and Kotgarh he will spend a of the country, because the organizashort time in preparation and recon- tion as a whole is under the direction secration for the time that lies ahead; of able men, men who really know: then with Bible and blanket he will modern thought and education. I turn his back on civilization and quote this as an instance to show that friends, and with his Lord will pass the anti-religious movement, especially from our sight. " A few weeks before, in its attitude towards Christianity, his father, Sirdar Sher Singh, died at is persistent and violent, and very his home in Rampur in the Punjab. active and aggressive. To think that "In writing of this event the Sadhu it has spent its force is a mistake." records that his father 'passed away as a Christian' – a source of deep Getting Used to Bandits comfort to him which enables him to say: 'I am not sorry, because I shall DR. J. A. FI'l'CH, of Weihsien, see him in glory, and my separation is China, responding to inquiries only bodily and for a short time.' from the Presbyterian Foreign Board This blow, falling as it does just on in New York as to how much the the eve of his departure for Tibet, banditry in Shantung was affecting one would naturally suppose would the work of the mission, wrote: "I depress him, but the Sadhu's faith suppose we get so inured to a situaburns brightest in darkest hours." tion that seems to be always with us that we may fail to write about it. IE CHINA we refrained from going into bandit- infested areas, we would simply cease Anti-Christian Propaganda from doing mission ~ork." Most of the missionaries, the Continent thinks, I N reply to an inquiry from the feel that the Chinese are friendly to- British and Foreign Bible Society ward them, even though in some outin China, Dr. 'l'imothy Lew, a leading lying districts missionaries have been Chinese Christian, states that the anti- attacked and carried away captive for Christian movement in China is pub- awhile. But the native members of lishing considerable literature and is the Christian churches have suffered finding its way to "the seriously- from the brigands' demands. In one minded people." He continues: village seven men of the leading Chris- "The Association for the Advance- tian families of the place-all wealthy ment of Education, which is the most – were carried off one Sunday in progressive and the most influential organization in the country today,

broad daylight and held for $35,000 we become more and more aware of ransom. the crying need for the Gospel in the 'regions beyond,' of the opportunity Increase in Secret Societies to strengthen the purpose of evangeli- zation; and the necessity to plan to- A MERICAN missionaries in various gether as a whole in furthering the parts of China report that the occupation of Mongolia, Sinkiang, growth of secret societies arising out of Kokonor and Tibet. Looking within, chaotic conditions existing during the it has been realized that the Home past two years has been phenomenal. Missionary Movement is God's grace These secret societies resemble the bestowed upon the Church. It has. Boxers of 1900. The movement which been shown the evangelization of began in Shantung has now spread China, and the growing consciousness. across Honan and into Shensi. Other that God's power can manifest itself provinces, notably Chihli, Northern through the Chinese Church is coming Kiangsu and Anhwei are affected to a to be the great vision of many Chinese lesser degree. Christians. "

The most common of these secret so- China Inland Mission Growth cieties is known as the Hung Chang Hui, literally the "Red Lance Soci- I T was just seventy years agor ety, " but variously translated as "Big China's Millions reminds us, that Sword," and also colloquially known Hudson Taylor first sailed for China as "Ying-To,",literally "hard-belly," as a young man of twenty-one. Unand sometimes as 'Hard-Fisters." recognized by the Churches and un- Hence the more common name of supported by any well-known organ- Boxers. ization, he went forth to what was then a closed land. The ceremonies of initiation are coupled with sorcery and incantations. Just twenty years have passed since The novitiates are told that they bear he resigned as General Director of a charmed life and that bullets will the China Inland Mission. "When not harm them. They are assured that Mr. Taylor retired there were 763 through the incantations they are missionaries connected with the Mismade strong in the chest and abdomen sion, where-as today that number has and impervious to lead or steel. increased to 1,086. Twenty years ago the total income of the Mission re- Every village westward of Hsuchow ceived from the commencement had in Honan seems to have a society, just exceeded £1,000,000; whereas, some of them meeting in sight of the during the last twenty years alone no· mission stations. The members of the less a sum than £2,000,000 has bee'll society are impressed through the received in answer to prayer, making agency of the village headman. They the total of more than £3,000,000 from are given bits of paper upon which a the commencement of the work. Or magic prayer has been inscribed and again, when Mr. Taylor was cominstructed that when they go into pelled to lay down his burden, the battle they are to swallow a bit of this total number of converts baptized by paper on which the sorcerer has writ- the Mission was 15,000, whereas today ten. This they are told hardens the that total has increased to more than abdomen and makes it impervious to 93,000, for which figures and facts. rifle-shot or knife-thrust. we give God praise.

-The Weekly Review. JAPAN-CHOSEN Chinese Home Missions New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka A CIRCULAR letter, sent out by the THE creation of two dioceses in Chinese Home Missionary So- Japan, which are to be entirely ciety in an effort to increase its pres- under the control of the Japanese ent membership of 10,000 to 30,000, Church and administered by Japanis quoted in the Christian InteUigencer and Mission Field: "Looking outside,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (;61

ese bishops, was reported in the July to us who cannot read or write, and REVIEW as a striking step toward the Church takes them in hand and autonomy on the part of the Nippon teaches them the simple principles. Sei Kokwai, which was organized in Last November there were thirty- 1889 by the representatives of the three who passed the usual test, and Episcopal Church in the United received as their reward a New Tes- States, acting on behalf of the Domes- tament and a hymn-book. The readtic and Foreign Missionary Society, ing was taken from any portion of the and the representatives of the Church Bible that I happened to select and of England, acting on behalf of the they had to read that portion prac- Church Missionary Society and the tically perfectly before I passed them. Society for the Propagation of the It was an interesting sight to see them, Gospel. ranging from about nine to sixty years of age, all anxious about the result. Word has- now come of the election Most of them had spent months of of the Rev. J. S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., hard labor on preparation, and now as the first Bishop of Tokyo. A stn- the hour had come. Some trembled, dent of St. Paul's School in his earlier others looked distressed, and all years, he embraced the Christian showed how important they considfaith, then he came to the U. S. A. ered the occasion. There were over for his academic training at Kenyon forty who attempted the test and College and at the University of Penn- thirty-three came out victorious. Tosylvania, from which he received the day, they are the proud owners of Ph.D. degree. Dr. Motoda is now New Testaments and red-backed Japanese president of St. Paul's Uni- hymn-books, which they take to versity, which is the fine flower of the church and use to the best of their little St. Paul's School in which he ability. " was once a student. Not only is he recognized as a great Christian leader Work for Tokyo Derelicts and as one of the foremost educationalists of the country, but he enjoys to I Na certain slum district of Tokyo, an unusual degree the confidence of where day laborers and men out all the forward-looking Japanese of work congregate, successful relief publicists and statesmen. Dr. Moto- work has been carried on by Rev. da's see city is one of the great capi- Yoshimichi Sugiura, of the American tals of the world. The popUlation of Episcopal Mission. His efforts soon "greater Tokyo" is about 5,000,000. drew the attention and sympathy of It is the gateway to the Orient. It is others. The first one who was aroused the center of Japan's educational and to the need of further help in saving moral development. In each of the these unfortunate men was the head wards or sections of Tokyo there is at of the gamblers in this quarter who is least one congregation of the Anglican feared for his dominating power but Communion. Eight of these are beloved because of his generosity. entirely self-supporting and are 'l'hrough the assistance of this man manned and managed by Japanese. a large shed was erected with accom- modation for at least 200 men. The Rev. Yasutaro Naide, under whose necessary funishings were secured, long and faithful rectorate Christ supplies of rice, charcoal and other Church, Osaka, has built up the necessary articles being secured by largest self-supporting Episcopal con- Mr. K. Hanashima, a rich shipping gregation in .Japan, has been chosen agent, who was also attracted by the Bishop of Osaka. work. The Tokyo government al1d municipal office also joined in assist- Lepers Learn to Read ing the workers making contributions totaling Yen 4,000. A master barber I N the leper colony at Kwangju, voluntarily came to the relief station Korea, writes Rev. J. Kelly Unger, and gave his services to the unfor- "the Church is the center of all the life of the colony. Many lepers come

tunate men in making them present- get the third Gospel, then the fourth. able as far as tonsorial efforts could When I finish the last Gospel, the avail. The wife of a police detective, Ijeague will give me a New Testament Mrs. K. Mizuno, who is a physician, as a prize for my reading through the has offered to visit the creche and ex- four Gospels." One school girl, a amine the children once or twice a Jewess, has signed up forty-six boys month-for the main work of Mr. and girls, another a Roman Catholic, Sugiura is to furnish asylum during has secured 110 children, sixty of the day for the children of working mothers. whom have already read through the four gospels and passed them on to others.

Theological Training in Korea THE theological seminary at Pyeng- Community Church Conference yang, Korea, which is carried on jointly by the Australian, Canadian, THE delegates of the first national and U. S. Northern and Southern conference of community church Presbyterians, has a three years' workers, which met in Chicago, May course of seven months each year. The 22-24, came from twenty-eight states. grade of seminary work is being stead- They numbered about two hundred ily raised. Last year of fifty-eight and included a Hindu, a Chinese, a men who entered for the first time, woman delegate from Porto Rico and thirty-eight were either college 01' two Negroes. California, Montana, academy graduates and the rest had New Jersey and Connecticut were a good Chinese education. Stiff en- represented. The plan of the confer- ence involved not only addresses by trance examinations in six subjects men who are at the everyday tasks of are given. In order to enter the ap- the local churches, but also contribuplicant must have been baptized at tions by Christian leaders of larger least five years, have been a church fame. Several great national organofficer at least three years, must be izations maintained representatives able to compose in either English, throughout the conference. In the Japanese or pure Chinese in addition matter of relationship with the con- to the ordinary Korean, must have stituent denominations, it was shown been a soul winner and worker; must from the reports that the churches be approved by his presbytery, not tend rapidly in the direction of inonly once but at the beginning of each dependency, but the consensus of the year. discussion showed an increased ten- NORTH AMERICA dency to tie up the ministers to the School Bag Gospel League denominational organizations. The missionary and evangelistic reports AN organization among school of the churches in the movement, ac- children, called the School Bag Gospel League, has grown out of the cording to the Christian Century, work of Thomas E. Little, recently a missionary of the National Bible In- gave the lie to the much heralded anstitute among foreigners in the Bronx, New York City. Its members sign nouncement that the motive in the organization of community churches was to escape from these responsi- bilities. .

the following promise: "I promise (Jity-Wide Ca:mpaign in Chicago to carry in my school bag and read through the Gospel according to John. A RECENT evangelistic campaign When finished, I agree to pass on the in Chicago resulted in the addi- Gospel of St. John to some boy or tion of 40,394 new members to the girl, thereby securing a new member; Protestant churches of that city. The I further agree to notify the League, campaign was conducted under the which promises to send me a second auspices of the Chica.go Church Feder- Gospel; when that is finished, I am to ation through its Commission of

1923J NEWS FROi>f MANY LANDS

Evangelism, of which Dr. C. K. Car- A New Baptist Program penter, pastor of Ravenswood Meth- TH~ Northern Baptist Convention, odist Episcopal Church, is chairman. at Its recent annual meeting, em- Six months ago when the campaign phasized the following points in its was inaugurated the goal was set at proposed program: 40,000 new members, which was (1) The place and function of the local slightly exceeded. The Lutheran de- church should be emphasized anew. Pronomination, with 175 churches, had motion of its prosperity should be part of the largest increase-approximately our united endeavor alld its verdict should 10,000. The Methodist Episcopal be sought in determining denominational churches, which number 217, reported objectives. an increase of 9,099; the Presby- (2) A program of cooperation should be continued.

terian churches, 105 in number, re- (3) The cooperative plan should allow a ported an increase of 5,880. Other large measure of freedom to the particidenominations reported substantial increases. Practically 1,000 Prote,- e pating organizations in securing funds. 4) While a comprehensive and far-reach- ing program of undertakings may be formu- tant churches took part in the cam- lated, financial objectives should be paign. Dr. Carpenter testifies that there has been a remarkable spiritual determined annually, and pledges regularly revival in all these churches. for one year.

(5) Budgets should be concrete and indi- cate in separate classes askings for regular United Presby.terian Women opera7ing eXpenses; and for specifics, ask- ings shall fall into three groups, the na- ONE of the questions before the tional SOcieties, state and city missions, Sixty-fifth General Assembly of schools and colleges. the United Presbyterian Church, at its meeting in May, was the proposed (6) Churches and individuals should have' entire freedom in the designation of their gifts.

consolidation of the woman's work (7) Organization essential to effective co· with the other boards of the den()mina- operation ought to be rna'ntained. The tion. An interesting account of the present organization should not be discarded women's activities was given. During but modified as the experience of the past its forty years of history, the Wom- four years may suggest. en's General Missionary Society has (8) Schools and colleges, approved by the state conventions of the territory in which contributed $500,000 to Church Ex- they afe located, may be included in the cotension by building over 200 parson- operative program in the segregated ages. The thankoffering has amounted to $1,886,923. They have contributetl budgets.

-The Congregationalist.

$428,841 to Home Missions and Southern Baptist Finances F $150,000 additional to work among' EW denominations in the United States, according to the Christiam the Indians. To Freedmen's Missiono; they have contributed $604,792. '1'0 Cent1lry, show a better ratio of growth Ministerial Relief $50,267. and to than do the Southern Baptists. Since Foreign Missions $2,600,000. The the inauguration of their national total amount contributed to home financial campaign four years ago agencies, is $1,896,130. They pay no there has been registered an increa&e salaries to their secretaries, and have of 881 ministers, 3,068 churches, never had a deficit. They never make 3,287 Sunday-schools, and 460,827 an appeal for money, and do not per- Sunday-school pupils; 762,980 bap- mit any of their missionaries to d() so. tisms are reported. During the cam- They support 146 unmarried women paign period the SoutheTn Baptists missionaries in the foreign field. Their have given $9,376,927 more each year weapons are prayer, faith, service and for local causes than for a corre- love. After considering the proposal sponding period prior to the cam- from every angle the Assembly de– paign, and the annual increase for cided not to include the women's missions has been $4,938,751, making w()rk in the regular budget of the a total annual gain of $14,315,049.

Church. The value of local church property in

four years has been increased seems to have given rise to misleading $45,872,868. press reports that the Commissioner had prohibited the Indian ceremonial This is one side of the picture. On dances. The Outlook comments on the other hand comes a report that the indignation that was aroused the "financial situation among the thereby in certain quarters, and M. K. Southern Baptists is serious. The Sniffen, secretary of the Indian $75,000,000 campaign was a success Rights Association, writes in the in the· matter of securing subserip- Southern Workman: tions, but only a little more than half the amount has been paid in. The "When a public official is making leaders want and expect all of it by an earnest effort to eradicate practices Christmas. The home and foreign that are immoral and degrading, it boards each carry practically a mil- is almost incomprehensible that he lion dollars of indebtedness." should be severely condemned for so doing … This action of Commissioner Mexicans in Los Angeles Burke has raised a storm of indigna- tion among certain groups of artists eeLITTLE Italy and Little Hun- and archlBologists, who protest against gary may be in New York, but governmental interference with the 'ancient and sacred rites' of the In- Little Mexico is surely in Los An- dians. Evidently the objectors have geles. " So writes Percy J. Knapp, little real knowledge of what these an Episcopal Jay field worker, in the dances really are, or they would Spirit of Missions. He continues: hardly term them' a national asset of "In this district there are hundreds unique historic value,' and' as of inupon hundreds of homes in which a estimable worth to artists, scholars, word of English is never spoken and writers, and all thinking people.' a. beautiful school building where There is an abundance of evidence on hardly a word of English is heard file in the Indian Office (which can upon the playground. And this is be examined by anyone wishing to tmIy one of many Mexican districts in know the facts) that show these secret the thriving city of Los Angeles, and dances to be of a bestial and revolting one of at least a dozen public schools character, too filthy to be described in in which practically all the pupils are public print, which would not be toler- Mexican. It is in this particular ated for an instant in any civilized neighborhood that the Episcopal community by local police authority." Church has its only work among the Mexicans in Los Angeles ….. . Church Figures from. Canada The Neighborhood House is a true social settlement with its head worker, THE last bulletin issued by the Doits paid assistants and volunteer work- minion Bureau of Statistics deals ers who live at the settlement and with the religions of Canada as regive generously of their time for the corded by the sixth (1921) Census. betterment of the neighborhood. Of the total population, 8,788,483, no There are ten residents in all. The less than 8.ii72,;"i16, or 97.6 per cent, head worker is a deaconess of the are classified as belonging to some Church. Daily services change the Christian Church, denomination, or character of the work from being sect; 173,133, or 1.9 per cent, beolong merely social to truly missionary." to non-Christian religions, including 15,190 Jews, 40,727 of Oriental reli- The Indian Dances gions, and 7,226 Pagans. Only one- half of one per cent of the people of THE letter which Commissioner Canada profess themselves to be with- Charles H. Burke of the Indian out religion. The Anglican Church in Bureau addressed to the Indians of Canada is increasing more rapidly the United States about the evils con- than any of the other great religious nected with their dances, which was accurately quoted in the June REVIEW,

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

bodies, a fact for which immigration He had written frequently to Rio for is largely responsible. Bibles; but he could get none. And yet he had frequent requests for Bi- LATIN AMERICA bles. I asked why he couldn't get the books and he declared that authorized Progress in Santo Domingo copies of the Bible were not in print. Only the Bible authorized by the Ro- THE March REVIEW spoke of the man Church can be bought by good significance of the union mission- Romanists, and there is no available ary enterprise, the Board for Chris- supply of such Bibles. But things tian Work in Santo Domingo, and the are moving. In our principal mornappointment of Rev. Nathan H. ing paper there is published each Sun- Huffman as Field Superintendent. day the Gospel for the day in Port- The latter now reports the first fruits ugese, accompanied by a comment." of the work .. "Evangelistic work has met with most encouraging response, ISLANDS OF THE SEA exceeding by far our most sanguine expectations. For example, in the Sacrifices of Filipinos capital citl- a hall was fitted up as an assembly room, large enough, it was OF the city of Batangas in the thought, for at least four years. After Philippines, where Presbyterians the first six months it was too small have been at work since 1917, an oband now we are distressed to know server from another denomination, 'where to put the people who attend writes; "Six years ago Protestants services and we are anxiously await- were stoned and hated. Today the ing construction of the auditorium entire town is friendly to the Protauthorized by the Board. Similar in- estant church, even-outwardly-the tere..'lt is noted at the other stations Roman Catholic priest. This change also, and the successes achieved in the was wrought by the courage of one cities where we are operating could Filipino pastor and the consecration be duplicated in any city of the Re- of his members. When they needed a public, had we the means with which new church building they gave as I to open work." Porto Rican pastors have seldom heard of people giving. are stationed in Santo Domingo City, One man gave his only carabao and San Pedro de Macoris, and La Ro- now cultivates his little farm with a mana, all important cities on the hoe instead of a plow. A woman who south coast. A fourth station has re- had saved up five pesos for a pair of cently been opened at San Cristobal shoes gave the five pesos to the church with a Dominican pastor. Dr. Horace and went without shoes. If you R. Taylor has been appointed super- knew how these people love to dress intendcnt of medical work and has and what it means to give up shoes for nnder his direction three American coming to church you would apprenurses, several nurses in training, a ciate this sacrifice. Others sold their druggist, a dentist, and other helpers. jewelry, otheTs furniture from their homes in order to make that church Bookstores in Brazil possible. ~I.nd now, although they still have a debt and the church is unfin- DR. JAMES W. MORRIS, of the ished they are contributing toward a theological seminary conducted missionary in Mindoro." by American Episcopalians in Brazil, in exploring the bookstores in Brazil, GENERAL found" some Roman Catholic books of eontroversy, and what they tell of the Aim to Spread Atheism besotted wickedness of Luther, Calvin and our Saint (as he is called) Henry THE Associated Press report of the VIII, is a plenty. I asked the man in meeting of the Executive Committhis store to sell me a Bible. He was tee of the Third International, held in sorry, but he had no copy in the house. Moscow in June, indicated some un- certainty among the delegates as to

future tactics, owing to international fruitful than that undertaken for any complications. J. T. Newbold, mem- other non-Christian peoples. '.' ber of the British House of Commons, asked what the English Communists Jewish Persecutions and Feasts should do in the struggle against British capitalism. Alexander Trach- POBJENDONOSTOW, a persecutenberg of the United States said the tor of the Jews in Russia, once time had arrived when the Executive asked a Jew what he thought would Committee should show ways and be the result of the persecutions if means of carrying on the struggle they continued. The answer was: against " American imperialism._" , 'The result will be a feast." Pob- From official press reports, it appears jendonostow could not understand the that less emphasis was placed on the answer, so the Jew illustrated it from necessity of an immediate struggle history. Pharaoh desired to destroy for world revolution than at previous the Jews, but the result was the Passconferences. The Swedish and Eng- over. Haman desired to destroy the lish delegates obje'Cted to anti-reli- Jews, but the result was the Purim gious propaganda. Zinovieff replied: (Esther !J: 26) _ Antiochus Epiph- "In our program we do not declare anes desired to destroy the Jews, war against honest but religious work- but the result was the feast of the men, but our program is based on dedication of the Temple. Thus it scientific materialism, which includes has always happened in the history unconditionally the necessity of prop- of the Jews. Shall the trials of the agating atheism. Certainly, how- Jews be a feast of reconciliation beever, anti-religious propaganda must tween Israel and their eternal King, be carried on wisely." Jesus, the Son of David, and the Son of God? -Dansk Miss-io-nsblad.

Do Jews Become Christians? An Illlportant Tribute T HE magazine Our Jewish Neigh- T HE name of Dr. William Lyon bors calls attention to "the fact Phelps of Yale, one of the forethat the Jews are by no means as most literary critics of America, carunresponsive to the Gospel as most ries such weight in educational and Jews assert and many Christians be- literary circles that his recent tribute lieve. . . . Following the Great in Scribner's Magazine may well be War there has been a great upheaval widely quoted. He says: "It is among Jews in those European lands rather curious that foreign missionwhich have suffered most in the con- aries, those bold soldiers of God, who flict. The trend toward Christianity give up home, congenial society, intihas here and there become a mass mate friends and the luxuries of civimovement. It is estimated that in lization, should be so often presented Hungary alone since the war 30,000 by comfort-hunting novelists as weak, Jews have become Christians. The namby-pamby, insineere and absurd. United Free Church Mission in Buda- They fight not only with the princes pest reports between 600 and 700 Jew- of the powers of the air, they fight ish baptisms during the past four against poverty, disease and sickness; years. . . . . While the work of it would be interesting if the brown, Jewish evangelization in America has yellow and black people whom they been left almost wholly to Independent save from pain and death could know enterprises, often very inadequately that these men and women are receivsupported; and it is only within the ing in their own countries a continual past few years that denominational back-fire of abuse and ridicule. But work has been inaugurated, yet the soldiers of religion, who sacrifice enough has been accomplished to themselves in the effort to save human justify the claim that the work of life, have never seemed to the stay-atevangelism among J eWE! is more homes particularly heroic."

MISSIONAltY

ThTehoImnsas ,aLnydell.Ou8tvso.of23M6 epspo.poAta.mMia.. PhBily. w~s ~ member .of. the staff of that very pot Ltd. 69 Great Russell St, W. c. brIllIant admInIStrator Sir Arnold ' W i l s o n . As an "out" he has diffi- London. 1923.

One. hopes that this book may have culty in speaking peaceably of what the WIdest possible circulation and has followed Wilson's regime. Sir reading. It is written by a late mem- Arnold believed in giving the Arabs ber of the British Administrative ~hat :vas good for them whether they Staff. of Mesopotamia, who had un- lIked It or not, and his successors have usual opportunities for observation believed in giving them what they and .who was still more unusually liked whether it was good'for them or qualIfied to use them. His book is as not. It is too soon even for statesmen interesting as any novel, and brief to be sure of the outcome of these enoug~to be within an ordinary man 's policies, and others are scarcely com- capacIty and at the same time gives petent even to express an opinion.

one a .good wClrking knowledge of the EYen a layman from outside however essentlal problems of Mesopotamia. must b~ permitted to protest against The outstanding virtue of the book advancmg the danger of an alliance is the fact that it gives not simply between the decadent Bolshevik power'

the superficial detail of Mesopotamian of Moscow, and a nonexistent Pan- happenings, but enough of the uuder- Islamic confederation, as a reason for lying causes to make matters compre- the .continued occupation of Mesopo- her:sible. The holy cities Kerbela and tamIa on the part of Great Britain.

NeJef, the nerve centers of ShiM Real reasons for the continuation of Islam are described, together with the that occupation are many and power- enormous influence of the religious ful, but the case is not strengthened leaders or Mujtahids, who reside in by bringing forward such a bogey.

them. The power of the Shiah sys- .W.hile the book is not written by a te~ is clearly pictured, as also the mISSIonary, the author nevertheless f~l~hfulness of the people in their rehglOUS observances. has much sympathy for missionarY work, and even advances some inte;- The problem of Mesopotamia is a esting ideas as to methods of carrying religious problem. Personal character on such work. It is not always pos- is inferio!" society is stagnant, be- sible to agree with him but even so the c~use of Ignorance, intolerance, ava- ideas are suggestive. The book how- rlce, and degraded sex relationships. ever is of great value to those inter- The source of the maladjustments the ested in missions, for it gives an ex- author finds in the religion of the tra.ordinarily vivid and adequate people. Such testimony from a gov- pict~re of the situ~tion in Mesopo- ernment official is exceedingly valu- taIDla. Every one mterest€'d in the able. Possibly Mr. Lyell has not seen orcupation of Mesopotamia for Christ the .Arabs at thcir best, nor even Is- should read it.

lam at its best and he would not be so Sunrise In Aztec Land. Being an account puzzled to account for the strength of the mission work that has been carried of I:>lam if he had resided among the Puntan "'INahabees of Central Arabia. on in Mexico since 1874 by the Presby- I h' d' . f t~emri.an Church in the United States. By n IS ISCUSSlOn 0 the political as- Illus: Map. 244 pp. pects of Mesopotamian problems the A. Ross. RIchmond, PresbyterIal Committee of Publication. 75 cts. cloth. 1922.

author is not as cool-headed and ju- The sub-title states the contents of dicial as in the rest of the book. He the book, aIld suggests its special in- 667

terest for Southern Presbyterians, but intelligent citizens. Instead, they are it is also worthy of the attention of all usually exploited by unprincipled men interested in Mexican missions. The and become prejudiced against Amerintroduction calls attention to striking ican ideals and institutions-especicontrasts that are valuable and inter- ally toward the police and the adminesting. Part I has to do with Mexico's istration of the law. The breakdown darkness, pagan and papal. Part II, of the Russian Church has loosened entitled "The Dawn," deals with the the hold of religion on many of the pioneers, especially Miss Rankin and members of the Greek Church and has, the Graybills. 'fhen follow all phases at the same time, opened the way for of the Mission's history and modes of more enlightened educational, social work, told in illustrative form, with and religious work among them by an abundance of life, much of it Mex- evangelical forces in America. ican. Rarely does a missionary writer succeed in putting into a paragraph, Dr. Davis shows the great need for or a page or two, so satisfactory a more constructive Christian work in sketch of a person who illustrates a behalf of these people who have sought given section of the narrative. The a home and new opportunities in final chapter, "Noonday Prophe'cies," America. gives a summary of the Southern Presbyterian work in its accomplish- Willibrord, Missionary in the Netherlands, ment. In an area equal to Georgia or 691-739. Including a translation of the North Carolina, near Mexico City, Vita Willibrordi by Alcuin of York. By 'this board has a force of 261 mission- the Rev. Alexander Grieve, D.Phil. 139 aries with 773 Mexican fellow-work- pp. Society for the Propagation of the erR, and 22,274 full communicants, in Gospel in Foreign Parts. 48. London. 661 places. They seem to have had 1923. the duty of giving impressed upon them, for in various departments the Though practically unknown to us, Mission contributed $699,001.55 in the nearly a hundred churches in Holyear reported. Even the Revolution land, "Belgium and adjacent areas bear which most affected the American the name of this missionary, who for reader, did not quench this remark· almost half a century laid there the able financial zeal. The book is full foundations of the Church among a of sidelights such as the illuminating heathe'n people. Brought up and eduview of the Revolution and its causes cated at the Monastery of Ripon and (pp. 110 to 124), that makes such up- later studying' in Ireland, where he risings seem more reasonable as well was a recluse, he went in the "full as more deplorable. age of Christ," thirty-three, at the head of an apostolic band of twelve to The Russian Immigrant. Jerome Davis. their field, making Utrecht their main 12mo. $1,.50 The Macmillan Co., center of operations. The book is New York. 1922. written somewhat like a Ph.D. thesis and deals with main facts and dis- According to the recent census, puted data. The material is so meager there are 392,049 foreign- born Rus- that the author could not do othersians in the United States and 340,000 wise, perhaps. others of Russian parentage. These people are employed largely in coal India 8 nd Its Missions. By the Capuchin mines and in the iron and 'steel in- Mission Unit. Illus., maps, xxiv, 315 pp. dustry. New York. 'Macmillan Company. $2.50. 1923. Dr. Davis, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Dartmouth College, gives Rarely has a volume of this sort a clear picture of the Russian immi- been reviewed in this periodicalgrants in their American environment perhaps never before. But it is a and shows the faHure of Americans to proof of the newly awakened foreign develop them as a whole into useful, missionary movement amon~ the American Roman Catholics. Hitherto practically all the missionaries sent forth to Catholic mission fields have been Europeans; but within a decade, in India. One statement, quoted from and especially since the organization Joseph Carroll, O. S. F. C., that in of "The Catholic Students' Mission spite of Protestant industry, our Crusade," au outgrowth of the Stu- endeavor to convert India is an dent Volunteer Convention at Des " acknowledged failure, " we must Moines, that great missionary Church unqualifiedly deny. Possibly one may is rapidly developing a sending spirit. find in print some Protestaut testi- This volume is written as a help to mony to that effect; but surely no missionary candidates, as well as to such volume of despair can be found inform the American brauch of the in our literature as the reader may Church of the conditions and needs see in Abbe Du Bois's implied critIprevailing in one of their earliest cisms of his own Church in his "IJetfl"lds, the scene of some of Xavier's ters ou the State of Christianity in faithful labors. As its authors say, India, in which the Conversion of the it is intended not merely for Roman Hindoos is Considered as Imprac- Catholics but for others interested in ticable. " India also. The Triumph of the Gospel in the New Like much of their work, this vol- Hebrides: The Life Story of Lornai of ume has had a large measure of Lenake!. By Frank L. Paton. Illns., cooperation from Indian laborers and map, xii, 315 pp. New York. George H. also a careful criticism by authorities. Doran Company. $1.50 net. It is written much like the earlier mission study textbooks of the Vol- Owing to the saintly character and unteer Movement's series and gives a wonderful story of John G. Paton as fine background for the more strictly he lived and labored in the remote missionary aspects of India. Its chap- New Hebrides archipelago, few parts ter upon "Pioneer Missionaries, 52~- of the missionary world have been so 1498" cannot be paralleled by Prot- attractive as those islands which are estauts, nor do we have another no larger than Rhode Island and Conentitled "Modern Missions: 1700- necticut. In 1903 the third son of 1886." All of that preparatory work this modern Apostle John wrote a our textbooks do not even suggest. remarkable volume entitled "Lomai Nor are we familiar with the Portu- of Lf'nakel, a Hero of the New Hebguese schism and the "Hammer of rides," which was republished in 1908 Schismatics, " Anastasius Hartmann. in a popular edition. The present Hardly more than a whisper of the volume is the same as the first edition, work of Robert de Nobili, who an- except in its title, an appendix renounc-ed himself as a rajah and a lating to the needs of the Mission, Brahman and whose course met and in having fewer illustrations. We Roman criticism, nor of the Malabar agree in the estimate of the book Rites Controversy of the eighteenth which appeared nineteen years ago in century, which was a scandal in the this REVIEW, except that in our judgeyes of Rome, has beeu heard by ment the inclusion of many minute Protestants except those who are details makes all the more realistic the story of this remarkable Christiau students of India. The textbook convert. takes au impartial position when compared with that of other Catholic Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in writers. Afrika. Prof. Dr. Julius Richter. Pp. 813. Paper, $3.00; cloth, $3.40. Giiter· But apart from the confusing and sloh. 1922, rapid entry of Orders and their varied work, and one or two misstatements in The third volume of Dr. Richter's the otherwise admirable chapter on monumental Allgemeine Evangelische "Protestant Missions," one must com- Missions-ges'chichte is devoted to the mend so valuable a volume, full of history and work of the Protestaut little known items of Christian work missions in Africa and constitutes the most important as well as the most recent presentation of this subject. It the life and work of Livingstone who is characttlrized by the well-known thoroughness of the learned author, is described as "the overtowering figas well as by an eminent spirit of fairness throughout. ure in the missionary history of Africa in the 19th century and as it twheere~iviits­ letter of commendation in The Introduction is a masterly essay lized world as well as in Central on the history of Christian missions in Africa, b2ginning with Apos- Africa. "

One of the most valuable portions tolic timE's. It gives a general view of the book is the final sectioI1 which of the various people of Africa and discusses the reasons why we progress is of a general nature. We know of no of Islam from the beginning was so very marked. other work which gives such a clear insight into the part borne by mission- ary labor in the exploration of the The body of the work is divided African languages. anTdhedobeibslicorO~d'riatphtoy .listed is enormous into the ftooutrhegrgeeaotgrdaipvhisicioanl s~recaosrroefsponding the research of the author. The same the African continent in the order of might be said of the chapter on the West, South, East and North Africa. history of Bible translation in African The lion's share of the presentation vernaculars. The mere list of versions falls to South Africa with 300 pages with the statement of the parts printed while North Africa has the smallest and the area of circulation occupies spare, with' no subdivisions. The four full pages. According to Richter reason for this is the amount of mis- tbere are tra.nslations of the entire sionary effort and result in each part. Bible in 22 African languages, of the Several features about the book are New Testament in 36, and separate outstanding: the discussions of ethical characteristics with special regard for parts in 92, making a total of 150 the language groups, the descriptions of the religious views and practices as translation s. they exist in the larger groups and the statistics of the field. A chapter of about twenty-four pages is devoted to the Negroes of America, including the continental and insular areas.

As the German missions had reached The conclusion points out the many a great extension all over the con- great and varied problems that arise tinent, not only in the former German possessions, but in other colonial ter- in carrying the Gospel to the colored· ritories as well, it is natural that the great war should have exercised its people in the world and contains a blighting effect on missions. The conditions, so far as German missions are fine tribute to the heroism and unconcerned, have not yet reached a final settlement. It is natural that a daunted activity of the missionarieS! historical perspective should here be out of the question, hence Dr. Richter who have done such a magnificent proceeds under this head to chronicle the events in their order of occurrence, work on the Dark Continent. This without indulging in a discussion of the political background. Though in book is a splendid contribution to mis- sionary literature, of exceptional value to those who desire an accurate and up-to-date presenta.tion of all the facts pertaining to the subject and an in- spiration to all who truly desire to bring the gospel light to the mu:lti- tudes of this Dark Continent.

several instances sorrow over the de- Un:8.nished Tasks. By Homer McMillan. struction of Christian works breaks 12mo. 192 pp. 50 cents, paper. Pres· through with some bitter expression, byterian Committee of Publication, still we feel that even those on the Richmond, Va. 1922. opposite side will not take issue with the author on the ground of unfair- Home mission tasks in America are dealt with in this textbook-the tasks ness. for Indians, Negroes, Mounta.ineers, Immigrants and Mexicans. It is of There is a fine characterization of

1923J THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

special value to Southern Presbyteri- ience as a doctor and worker with ans and sets forth clearly the mission- boys in East London, his service with ary objective. deep-sea fishermen, his conversion and finally his call to the Labrador coast God's Prophetic Program. By J. O. Steen. and the thrilling life and noble service 12mo. 121 pp. 28 tid. Pickering and there on land and sea. The story is Inglis, Glasgow. 1922. full of action, of high ideals and un- selfish service. It is excellent for boys The visions of Daniel and of the -and girls also. Apostle John are the basis of this prophetic study. They are a prolific The Ministry as a Life Work. Robert L. source of debate but deserve' the attention of devout Bible students. The Webb, D.D. $1.00. 96 pp. 199. The "image" is taken in its usual histor- Macmillan Co. New York. ical interpretation but the time of its destruction is held to refer to the Dr. Webb is a capable recruiting "League of Nations." Signs of the sergeant. The call to the ministry, times are noted but there is no at- its claims, and quaJlifications., as well tempt to fix dates. as its usefulness, are set forth with admirable clearness, and fresh vigor. Dramatized Missionary Stories. By Mary Nothing better could be put into the M. Russell. 12mo. 124 pp. $1.00. hands of the younger clergy, or semi- George H. Doran 00., New York. 1922. nary students and for an earnest lad thinking of the ministry as a life Dramatization has become a fad. work it will be most encouraging. The appeal through eyegate is strong but wrong impressions are easily given World Dominion. 6<l per copy, 2s 6<l per and youth are in danger of demand- year. ing dramatic presentation as the chief method of instruction in religious or The first issue of this. new quarterly missionary history. This type of in- review, edited by Dr. Thomas Cochstruction is being overdone. Mrs. rane, C.M., has come from the Liv- Russell has selected such outstanding ingstone Press of London. The heroes as Carey, Livingstone, Mary magazine is the organ of the London Reed, Robert Moffat and Keith Fal- Missionary Society Laymen's Moveconer, but has failed to produce dra- ment and its object is "to think in matic scenes that inspire or dialogues world terms and to review the disthat make a deep impression. In the tribution of the forces and resources hands of an expert, the material may of the Christian Church in the light be made more effective but the really of the world need." It wiU deal with dramatic life stories of these men and missionary principles, policies and women are more inspiring than any methods. The first issue contains an fictitious dramas. article by the editor on "Hope for the Leper," and others on Indo-China, The Story of Grenfell of the Labrador. By Central China, the Near East, Japan, Dillon 'Nallnee. IIlns. 12 mo. 237 pp. and .Africa. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1922. Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs. Prepared by Julia Lake Skinner. Execu· The Labrador is a land of pioneers tive Committee of Home Missions and and of perils. Dr. Grenfell is a man Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, of many adventures and achievements Presbyterian Church in the U. S. 1923. for the benefit of his fellowmen. Dillon Wallace is a writer of forceful and These are carefully prepared, usepicturesque literary style. The com- ful illustrated programs for young bination produces an excellent book people, covering both home and forfor boys. Mr. WaUaee begins with eign missions. They have poster sug- Dr. Grenfell's boyhood in England, gestions, songs, Scripture selections, tells of his school days, his early ad- questions and domestic parts. The ventures, his college life, his exper- fields and the missionaries mentioned are those of the Southern Presby- terian Church. NEW BOOKS II. 172 pp. $1.00. Abingdon Press, New York. 1922. Nyasa, the Great Water: Being a Descrip· tion of the Lake and the Life of the The Church at Play. A Manual for Direct· People. By W. P. Johnston, D.D. 204 ors of Social and Recreational Life. pp. 78, 6d net. Oxford University Press. Norman E. Richardsou. 317 pp. $1.50. New York. 'J.'he Abingdon Press, New York. 1922.

The Black Man's Place in South Africa. The Child and America's Future. Jay S. By Peter Nielsen. Juta & Co. Cape Stowell. 178 pp. Cloth 75 cents; paper Town, South Africa. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move· ment. N"ew York. 1923. A Burmese Arcady. Major C. M. J;;nriquez, Kachin Rifles. 218 net. Seeley, 8ervice & Creative Forces in Japan. Galen M. Fisher. Co. London. 1923. 248 pp. Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement. New Father and Son. Philip E. Howard. 132 York. 1923. pp. $1.00. 8uuday School Times. Phila· delphia. 1922. The Woman and the Leaven in Japan. Charlotte B. De Forest. 224 pp. Paper Problems of the Christian College Student. 50 cents; cloth 75 cents. Central Com· J. A. Morris K.imber. 48 pp. Sunday mittee on the United Study of Foreign School 'Times. Philadelphia. 1922. Missions. West Medford, Mass. 1923.

Every-Member Evangelism. J. E. Conant. The Honorable Japanese Fan. Margaret 202 pp. $1.50. Sunday School Times. T. Applegarth. 135 pp. Paper 40 cents; Philadelphia. 1922. cloth 65 cents. Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. West The Religion of Lower Races. Edwin Medford, Mass. 1923. Smith. 82 pp. $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. Japan on the Upward Trail. Wm. Axling. 178 pp. Missionary Education Movement. Buddhism and Buddhists in S'outhern Asia. New York. 1923. Kenneth J. Saunders. 75 pp. $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. The Red Man in the United States. COIl1- mittee on Social and Religious Surveys, The Religious and Social Problems of the, under the direction of G. E. E. Lindquist. Orient. Masaharu Anesaki. 77 pp. $1.00. 460 pp. $3.50. Geo. H. Doran Co. New The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. York. 1923.

Principles of Interpretation. James H. The White Fields of Japan. Lois J. Ericks· Todd. 62 pp. 30 cents. Bible Institute son. 207 pp. 50 cents and 75 cents. Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923. PreHbyterian Committee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1923. The Ideals of Theodore Roosevelt. Edward H. Cotton. 325 pp. $2.50. D. Appleton Scientific Christian Thinking for Young & Co. New York. 1923. People. Howard A. Johnston. 238 pp. $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. Indian Tribes of Eastern Peru. Wm. Cur· 1922. tis Farabee. 194 pp. Peabody Museum. Cambridge, Mass. 1922. Cave Boys. H. M. Burr. 200 pp. $1.75. Association Press. New York. 1923. Alexander Duff. William Paton. 234 pp. $1.50. Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. Toto and Sundri. From a Heathen Home 1923. to Christian Service. Emma A. Robinson. 16 mo. 103 pp. 40 rents. The Metho· Christianity and Industry Series. dist Book Concern. ~ew York. 1923. 9. The Economic Order-What Is ItT What Is It WortM John H. Gray. Contacts with Non'Christian Cultures. 52 pp. 10 cents. Geo. H. Doran Daniel J. Fleming. 185 pp. $2.00. Geo. Co. New York. 1923. H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. 10. Why Not Try Christianity' Samuel Zane Batten. 57 pp. 15 cents. Christian Education and the National Con- Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. sciousness in China. James B. Webster. 1923. 323 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. Christianity the Final Religion. Samuel M. Zwemer. 109 pp. Eerdman·Sevenama Paths of Peace. John Gray. 196 pp. 2 If Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1920. 6 d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1923.

The Debt Eternal. .John H. Finley. 231 The Groat Seal of the Gospel. Alexander pp. 50 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth. Marshall. 2 s 6 d. Pickering & Inglis. Council of Women for Home Missions and London. 1923. Missionarv Edncation Movement. New York. Ui23. Ethics of Capitalism. Judson G. Rosebush. 196 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New Cong-Q General Conference Report. 214 pp. York. 1923. Baptist Mission Press. Haut Congo, Congo BeIge, Africa. 1921. Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith. Constance E. Padwick. 304 pp. $1.50. Home Lessons in Religion. A Manual for Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. Mothers. S. W. and M. B. Stagg. Vol. (Concl~!deil on .1il cover)

The Missionary Review of the World — 1921 Index

MISSIONARY

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VOL. XLIV OLD SERIES VOL. XXXIV NEW SER]:ES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to, 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1921 EDITOR DELAVAN 1. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MRS. H. W. PEABODY MRS. E. C. CRONK Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. ALJ'RJ(D WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D.D. REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BllI,L FI,oRENell E. QUINLAN FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL Rllv. WM. P. SCHllLL REV. W. H. GRIFJ'ITH THOMAS, D.D. REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR REV. S. G. INMAN FENNELL P. TURNIlR MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D.

REV. RALPH WELLES KEELER, D.D. REV. ROBERT P. WILDER MRS. HELIlN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. L. B. ,NOLI', D.D.

REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON COPYRIGHTED, 1921-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. THIRD AND REILY STREIlTS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AvENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OJ' DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. E. C. CRONK FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President HARl,AN P. BEACH WALTER McDoUGAl,L, Treasurer MRS. HENRY W. PEAllODY DELAVAN L. PIl(RSON, Secretary FLEMING H. REVELl, W. 1. CHAMBllRl,AIN DICKINSON W. RICHARDS FREDERICK L. COLVIlR I

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty~one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history. methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1921 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS to , . Page Lutheran Quadricentenary Poster …..•…… 270 MONGOLIA, Map of ……………………… 615 Christmas Star. How Make …………… 879 Prayer Chart. Chinese, Women's .•………. 557 Posters for Missionary Meetings ….. 956, 961, 962 – Tree, Window ………………………..•. 878 SUDAN, North Africa ……………………. 43i1 – Compared with Europe …………………. 436 Distribution of MembershIp – Downtown Churches ……………………………… 771 Southern Highland Region ……………….. 945 Diagram for Making Circle ………………. 959 Suburban Residents, City Church Attraction of …………………………………….. 771 – Protestant and Catholic Churches, Spring- Suggestion for Alphabet and Invitations …. 966 field, Mass. . ……………………….•… 77S TURXEY According to the Recent Treaties .. 1{)6 Family Worship Chart, Korean …………•. 531 Famine in China, Extent of ……………… 349 Korean Family Worship Chart ………….. 531 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS ABYSSINIA, Prince Lidj Yassu …………. 185 COLOMBIA, Presbyterian Mission In Medellin 389 – State Procession in ……………………. 174 Abyssinian Church, Archbishop of ……….. 189 Dixon Mission School for Mexicans ………. 364- – Church of St. George ………………….. 187 ELLIS ISLAND, Gateway to America ……. 775 AFRICA, Arnot's Carriers Crossing River … 357 – Christian Family in South ……………… 849 – Registration Room ……………………… 777 – General Missionary Conference in South .. 847 Fisk Seminary, Persian Girls in …………. 20 – Heathen Family in South ……………… 843 Ge.rdiner, Bishop T. M……………………. 588 !~~;~~~, C~rz~~e~n ~~b~Y~"::::::::::::::::: g~ Ginling Col1ege, Open Air Class Room ……. 867 Halsey, Abram W. . ……………………… 504 Arab Boy Playing with Bird ……………… 837 – Girl, Young •.•…..•……………. , …….. &35 – Dr. at Conference in Mexico ……………. 515 – Shopkeeper, Small …………….. :…….. 839 Arabian Town, Street Scene in ………….. 824 – Dr. in West Africa ……………………. 519 Armenian Pastors in Cilicia, Surviving ….. 74-f. Arnot, Frederick S. . .. _…………………… 3[15 HAYASHI, Ut.ko, Japanese W. C. T. U….. 38G Beggar on the Mount, Typical ……………. 119 HIghland Schoolhouse Used as Church ……. 949 BEIRUT, American UniverSity of ………… 191 Hindu Temple, San Francisco ……………. 281 Bible Teachers' Training School, New York . 303 Hopi Indian Christian Village ……………. ~89 Bliss, Daniel …………….. . ……………. 195 – Indians at Kearn's Canon ……………… 291 – Indians in Pueblo Home ……………….. 287 BRAZIL, Girls' School at Piracicaba …….. 385 Buddhist High Priest of Tibet ………….. 6G9 – Pueblo in Arizona ……………………… !l85 BURMA, Demon Altars in ……………….. 621 Idol in Chinese Temple, Portland, Oregon … 135 – Great Shive Dragon Pagoda …………..•. 273 Immigrants, Family of Dutch ……………. 781 – Harvesting Rice in ……………………. 697 – Plowing In …………………………….. 625 INDIA, Class at Isabella Thoburn College … 868 – School of American MIssion Rangoon …..• 271 – Sugar Cane in …………………………. 629 – MIssion Compound in Tinnevelly …….. 931 ~ Transformed Village in ……………….. 619 Burmese Oil Mill ………………………… 6~:J – Three Wanted Children of ………….. !fD6, 929 -Plow …………………………………… 623 – WillIam Miller Building, MIraj Hospital . 277 Indian Christians at Kearn's Canon, Hopi … 291 CAMBODIA, Capital of ………………….. 12~ – Girls at Sherman Institute …………….. 537 Cambodian Performing His Devotions ……. 126 – Interpreters, Sherman Institute ………… 540 Cambodians Live, Houses in Which ……… 1'24 – Racin~ Boat of ……………•….•…••…. 125 Indians in Pueblo Home, Hopi …………… 287 International Missionary Union …………… 697 CHINA. Temples and Shrines on Holy Mount 118 – War God 01 the Temple ………………… 119 JAPAN, Wind Devil ……………………… 664 Chinese Presbyterian Church in San Fran- Japanese Girls Drilling ………………….. 865 cisco ………………………………….. 1~7 ~ Students at Christian Conference …..•…. 88 – Kindergarten tn America •…….•.•.•…… 384 Christ and the World's Children ..•…•…… 55 – Mission in californ1a ………………….. 88 Christian Village. Hopi Indian …………..• 28!) – Mission Kindergarten. Los Angeles ……. 133 Christmas Tree for All Nations ..•…•.•…..• 873 – Notice Prohibiting Christianity ………•.• 374 – Village in Cathedral School ……………. 876 – Tea House …………………. , …………. 675 City District, Mission Building …………… 767 – Y. M. C. A. Reading Room. California …. 383 Kan En Vong of China …………………… 476 Kawaii, MichikO, of Japanese Y. W. C. A … 378 Khanto Bala Rai of Bengal ………………. 475 Kindergarten for Japanese in America …… 384 Kolatorova, Madame of Prague …………… 476 XOREA, Bible Conference in ….••…••……. 529 – Gathering of Christians in ……………… 685 – Worship as Taught in ………………….. 532 Korean Family Reading Bible ……………. 687 -Plague Destroyers, Wayside Images of …. -686 II – Village, Street In ………………………. 689 Ramabai and Her Daughter ……………… 859 Loggers and Big Redwood Tree ………….. 601 RANGOON, School of Ame-rican Mission "". 271 Logging Camp. Dinner in ……………….. 596 Relief Work in Urumia …… ,…………….. 19 Lumber Camp in California ……………… 595 Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess ……….•.•.. 260 – Jack Hotel .•……………….•…••……•. 003 SANTO DOMINGO, Protestant Chapel in .•.. 46 Madras Students Teaching Children •.•.•….. 869 – Reminder of Columbus ………….. …….. 43 Manoramabai .•…•.• 861 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 0. 0 ••• 0.0.0 – Roman .Catholic Cathedral …………….. 47 Mao Saw Sa of Burma …………………….. 475 . Sherman Institute. Navajo Girls at .•.•.. 0 ••• 537 McLean, Archibald …………………..••… 693 Shinto Religious Leader ………………….. 678 Mexicans in New Mexico-School for •…….. 365 SIAM, Tai Chief of Mountaineer Village …• 369 – in Y. M. C. A. Camp in U. S……•.•.•.•.• 361 – Tai Mountaineer Village ……………….. 3'71 Mountain Store in South …………………. 951 – Women and Children of Tai Race ………. 344 MIRAJ, Class of Indian Nurses …..•…….. 28Q "Star of Hope" Mission, Patterson, N. J. '" 449 – Medical School, Teachers and Students … 279 Street Work for Children, New York …… ,. 305 Mongolian at Home ……………………….. 613 Southern Highlanders …………………. 946, 947 Moravian Sunday-School. Santo Domingo … 50" SUDAN, Australian Mission Dispensary at Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City …………• 21 Melut …………………………………. 441 Moslem Festival Parade, Detroit ………… 787 – Dinka Women of Eastern ……………… 42"1 – Magazine, Cover' of American ………….. 791 – Mohammedan Converts in the •………… 4-39 Mosque at Detroit, Moslem ……………….. 789 – Two Mohammedan Missionaries in the "" 437 Nagao, Hampei ………………………….. 375 Suicides, Signboard for ………………….. 309 Nandamah, Dr. of South India •………….. 475 Sunday-School Convention Assembled in Navajo Y. M. C. A ……………………….. 541 Theater……………………………….. 53 – Convention, Scenes at World •.•…….•… 1 – Y. W. C. A. Cabinet ……………………. 5.19 Tagore's School near Calcutta. ……•…•….. 549 Nitobe, Dr. Inazo .. ,., ..•…. , •…..•…..•.. 0. 679 Nurses in Miraj Hospital, Class of …..•…. 2&0 Temple WorshIp, China ………………….. 121 Orientals in America, Christian Influence on 88 TIBET, Buddhist Priest and His Wife …… 6D9 Peking Union Medical College ..•…. 92,'5. 926, 927 – Dr. Shelton Crossing Lake in …………. 6D7 PERSIA, Protestant Preacher in ………..•• 17 – Dr. Shelton in Mountains of …………… 584 – Village of Zushk ………………………. 761 Tibetan Workmen, Dr. Shelton Paying Off " 611 Persian Girl, A Rescued ………………….. 18 Tibetans Baptized at Batang …. , … , …….. 434 – Mountain Girls in Fisk Seminary ………. 20 Turkish Hospital at Aintab, Remnant of …. '744 – Refugees Seeking Missionary Help …….. 12 – School, Aintab, Wrecked ………………. 759 – Village of Kang ……………………….. 763 URUMIA. Distributing Flour to Kurdish Pilgrim Climbers to Holy Mount …………. 117 Refugees ………………………………. 19 Pilgrimage Mount, Missionaries and Evan- – Mission Work Destroyed by Kurds ..•….. 15 gelists Jogging Toward ……………….. 120 Uyemura, Masahisa ……………………… 5,23 Porto Rican Sunday-S(]hool ……………….. 211 Vellore, Union Medical School •…..••……• 871 PORTO RICO, Evangelical Seminary of ….. 20~ VENEZUELA, View of Caracas ……….. 937, 939 – Han. Em!1e del Taro Cuebas …………… 212 Women's Welfare Association, Kobe. Japan. 310 – Old Rum Shop In ………………………. 207 Wyburn, John H. ………………………… 401 – Typical Sunday-School In ……………… 210 Yen Ching Serving Breakfast to Famine Refugees ………………………………. 86£ – Y. M. C. A., San Juan ………………… 213 AUTHORS Allen, E. T. …. ………………………….. 13 G"reene, Amy Blanche . . . . . 856 0 ••••••••••••••••••• Hamilton. Kate W . . . 4(}6 0.0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• Anthony, Alfred Wms………………… 509, 595 Atkinson, Henry A. . ..•.. ,………………… 66 Harlan, Rolvix ………….•…•………..•.. 6! Harrison. Paul W. . ……………………… 759 ~:~:~: .fam~~ i:':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~ Ha.yne. Coe ………………………………. 284 Beach, H. P. .. …………………………… 543 Higley, Merle ……………………………. 767 Beets, Henry …………………………….. 393 Blair, W. N. .. ……………………………. 528 Hill, William A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 ~~~~~ ~'. ~: ::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ~~~ Hough, S. S. . ……………………………. 29·2 ~~~!~:'F~:n~eL~·..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Hodge, Margaret , ……… , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Browning, Webster E ……………•…•.. 385, 9~7 Hooper, C. T. .. ………………………….. 185 Butler, Clementfna ………………………. 859 Hunt, Geo_ W. P …………………………. 564 Buxton. Travers …….•…….•…•…….•..• 853 m Hyslop, Henrietta M.. ,., ………………. 219, 695 Cady, Geor~e L …………………………… roo ~~W:a~, SRo~t. 'A:: .::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~: Calverley. Eleanor T. . …………. 0 ………. 835 Johnson, Mrs. Luke G. • . . . . . • 0 ••••••••••••• 0 •• 722, Carmichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 999 Kanalllori, Paul ……………………….. , .. 682 Case, Brayton C……… , … , •…….. , ..•….. 619 Rnubel, F. H. .. ………………. …………. 59 Cronk. Mrs. E. C. J{umm, H. K. W …………………………. 435 56, 140, 225, 311, 477, 552, 633, 711, 797, B72, 9"7 Kurtz, Robel't M…………………………. 303 Kyle, Alice M…………………………….. 400 Currier, Raymond P. . … , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Laidlaw. Walter ………………………….. 559 Donaldson, Dwight M. . ………………….. 761 Lambuth, Walter R . . , ……………………. 2Q4 ~E!fYgfM:!'·~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~f Latourette, K. S. .. ………………………. 299 Drury, Philo W. .. ……………………….. 207 MaC'kenzie, Jean Kenyon ,., ………………. 855 Dunkelberger, Stella C……………………. H9 Eakin, J. A. .. …………………………… 368 McGavran, John G…………….•…..•.•…. 691 Eddy, Sherwood ………………………….. 101 Menzer, Edit,h … ···· ……………. 0 ••••••••• 536 Eleazer, Robert B. . •.•.•.•…•.•.•…•…….. 468 Mehlhouse, Brenda L …………………….. 96{) Merrill, John E …………………………… 755 Farmer, Mrs . Wm. H .•.•. .0.•.'..•……….0.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.0…1.4., 319 Faunce, W. H. P .. ….•.• 25 Millikin, B. Carter …… ,., ………………. 957 ~:~iu~~~: ~~SL.J~~~.. ::::::::: ::: ::::::: ::::::: ~~ :~:.n~.DR. J .. :.. : ..:::::::…..::::::::::::….: .. 1~7: ~~~ Nisbet, J. L. .. ……………………………. 465 ~~~r:~~~' llI… :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~i Noble, W. A …………………………….. 685 Gleason, Geor~e ………………………. 374, 459 Overs, Walter Henry …………………….. 29 Goddard. Dwig-ht ……………. ~………….. 9~2 Ovler, Mrs_ D. S………………………….. 441 Goforth, Jonathan ……………………….. 841 Packard, Harry P ………………………… 644 Graham, James A .•..•.•…•…..• 0 •••••••••••• 606 Peabody, Mrs. H. W ……… 482, 639, 803, 8Il5, 967 Persons. SIlas E. ,.' ….•………….. ,., ….. , 40-1 Pif'rson, Delavan L ……………… , ………. 395 Pierson, Ernest D. . ………. , ……… , …… 451 Piper, Maude Garrett ……………….. ~ ….. 575 Quinlan. Florence E …… 64. 231, 4M, 55~, 71~, 881 Read, B. E ………………………………. , 9'):') Reischa uer, A. K. . ………………………. 199 .Roundy, Rev. Rodney W. 21, 133, 214, 361, 402, 945 Saller. T. H. P …………………………… 882 Thompson, Chas. L ………………………. 899 Schneder, D. B•……… ,_ ….. _.. _…… , …. 675 Thompson, Edith P. . ……. , ……………… 958 Scott. Chas. E ……………………………. 116 Tillotson, Emily C ………. , ……………… 881 Tucker, H. C…………………………….. 443 ~~~n~n?ex~gt. ~'..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ Wainright, S. H. . ……………….•……… 523 Wallis, Frederick A. .. … " …. " …………. 775 SIngh. Sadhu Sundar ……………'……….. 862 Wanless, W. J …………………………… 277 Speer. Robert E …………………… 396. 515. 917 Warnshuis, A. L. . …………………….. 37, 783 Starn. Peter• .Jr………………………….. 449 Waterhouse, Paul B . . . . . . . . . . , ……………. 382 Stewart, Geo. Craig ……………………… 792 Weber. H. L ……………………………… 455 Wilder. Robert P …………………………. 398 Stewart, W. R. and A. W ……………… " .• 613 Wlnton. G. B. ……………………………. 41 Stirewalt, A. J. ………………………….. 39 Zwemer, S. M. . ………………………….. 787 Taylor, James Dexter ….. _……………….. 847 Taylor, Mrs. Howard ………………….•..• 845 SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Aborigines in China ………………………. 493 ASSAM. Church Union in ………………… 491 – of Australia ……………………………. 77 Assyrians in Mesopotamia, Exiled (b) •….. 747 Athens Woman's Congress …..•.•…….•.•.. 6~ ABYSSINIA. Most Ancient Monarchy (a) C. AUSTRIA after the War ………………… 35() T. Hooper ………………….. . ……….. 185 – Student Work in (b) ………………….. 670 Balkan Mission Conference ………………. 648 Acadians, Work Among ………………….. 813 Baptist Advance, Southern ……………….. 811 Aeroplane, Missions by …………………… 890 – International Seminary ………………… 974 – Gifts, Southern …………………….•.•.• 56& AFRICA, A Doctor's Experience in West (a) – Missions, American ……………………. 735 H. L. Weber ………………………….. 455 – Work in Europe …..•…………..••••…… 158 – Anti-Alcoho1 in East …………………… 574 BAROTSELAND. Vlslt to ………………. :.486 – Better Missionary Methods in (b) ……… 829 Basel Industrial MiSsion …………………. 889 – Changing Native Customs ……………… 416 BASUTOLAND. Work in ………………… 330 – Chief's Last Palaver' …. , •.. , …………… 575 Beatitudes, Some Missionary …………….. 8Q5 – Church Pews from Sacred Trees ……….. 731 BEIRU't, American University of …..•…… 72 – Crisis in Education in South (b) …..•…• 593 – Educational Commission ………………… 650 BELGIUM, Superstltlon and the Gospel In .• 731 – Educational Progress in ……………….. 239 Best Methods. Mrs. E. C. Cronk – Exi1ed Herero Christians ………………. 488 – Industrial Institute at Quessua ………… 487 56. 146. 226. 311. 300. 477. 5152. 633. 711. 797. 872. 952 – Inland Mission ………………………… 487 Bible Class in Gen. Fang's Army ………… 726 – Is Slavery Dead in? (a) Travers Buxton. 85.3 – Demand for in Japan ………………….. 724 – New Bible House at Lagas … , …………. 157 – Evangelistic Bands, China'S …..•..•••.•.. 726 – New Cathedral In Central .. " ………….. 486 – Portuguese Prohlbitions in East .•…•.•…• 426 – Faith Mission …….•.•…..•.•………•…. 727 – Preaching in Ashanti ………………….. 731 – Finds a Convert ……………………….. 574 – Present Problems in South (a) J. Dexter – in Public Schools, The (b) …………….. 666 – Reading Suggestions, Two ………..•….. 147 Taylor ………………………………… 847 – Selling Campaign, India ………………. 2:42 – Prophets in the Congo (b) ……………. 909 – Society Agency. New ………………….. 332 – Queen of Nalolo Converted , …………… 982 – Society of tIle Open …………………….. 734 – Secret of Peace for (b) W. H. Overs…… 29 – Society, New Headquarters for …………. 494 – Some Interesting Facts A bout …………. 458 – Statlstlcs. Some ……………………….. 249 – Some Results of Missions in ……. ,., ….. 442 – Teachers' Training School, New York (a) -Tardiness at Elat Church ………………• 240 – The Bible in Zande ……………………… 240 R. M. Kurtz ………………………….. 303 – Unreached Fields of Central (a) H. K. W. – Women, Scarcity of …………………… 156 Birthdays that Count …………………….. 145 Kumm …………….. , ………………… 435 Boat Dwellers, Children of …•…………… 75 – Unrest ln South ………………………… 574 Bohemia, Religious Schism in •……….••… 648 African Chief Becomes a Christian ………. 486 – Communion Service ……………………. 329 BORNEO, Devil Worshipers in ……………. 983 – Parable of IndecIsion ………………….. 488 Boy Scouts in Fukien …………………….. 726 Agriculture and Christlanity (b) .. ………. 9 – School of ………………………………. 71 BRAZIL, Publicity. a Suggestion …..•…… 16() Agricultural Missions, Conference on •……• 654 – Closes Lotteries •……….••…•..••…….. 496 – Neglected but Faithful ………………… 733 Ai~eJ~:V~~e ~~~n~':le~t1~~ ~~.r.. ::::::::::::::::: ~~ – Neglected Fields In (a) H. C. Tucker ….. 443 – Notable Conversion in …………………. 235 ALASKA. Isolated Station ……………….. 813 – Pioneer Work in .•………………… ~ …. 814 – SundaywSchool in ………………….. ~5. 976 ALBANIA. Mlsslon Work in …………….. 732 Sunday-School Convention, Tokyo (a) Frank – Spells OpportunIty ……………………… 569 ALEPPO, Missions in ……………………. 328 L. Brown …………………………•….. fi.1 Alexander, Charles lL (a) Henrietta M. – The Challenge of ………………………. loo Hyslop …… , …………………………. 319 British Students and the World (a) K. S. ALGIERS. In …. ,,, ……………………… 157 Latourette …………………………….. 299 Alsace-Lorraine Today …………………… 411 Angola, Missionary Situation in ………….. 915 Brotherhood, Promoting International •….. 69 Anti-Ruts Recipes ……………………….. 146 Brown University jn Shanghai …. , ………. 980 Applegarth Pledge Plans …………………. 716 Budapest, Christian Endeavor in …•…….. 570 Arab Thinks of the Missionary, What the Buddhism Urged. TeachIng of ……………. 154 Buddhist Adaptations. Modern …………… 724 (h) Paul Harrison " ………………….. 759 – Institutional Work …………………….. 652 ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA, Factors in – Monks. W-ork f-of •……………•.•.•….••. 74 – Salvation Army ……•……………•……. 327 (b) …………………………………… . BUddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth … 250 Arabian Children at Home (a) Eleanor T. – in Hawaii, Work for …………………… 006 BUenos Aires Mission …………………….. 71 Calverley ……………………………… 835 BURMA Awakened (a) Raymond P. Currier. 271 ARGENTINA. IIIotor Bible Car .. " ……….. 569 – B1shop Fisher in ……………………….. 824 ARMENIA be Saved? Will (b) …………. 59{) – Conventions Without Police ……………. 572 Armenian Children, Ma2;azine for ………… 156 – Needs of ……………………………….. 491 Armenians, America Educating …………… 155 – News from ……………………………… 24.1 Army. Chlnese Christian (a) .J. Goforth …. 841 Arnot's Missionary Adventures (a) Reviewed -Soli Culture and Soul Culture ln (a) B. C. Case ………………………………….. 619 by Jean Mackenzie …………………… 355 Buttered God In Jndla. A (b) A. M. Boggs … 766 ASIA. Educating the Women of (a) Mrs. H. Caddies. The Neglected ………………….. 332 W. Peabody …………………………… 86.5 Cairo. American University .•.•.•…….•••.. 240 -ASIA MINOR. Re-AIlgnment in (a) .Jno. E. Merrill ……………………………….. 755 – Students' Union in …………………….. 80G – in Pictures. Mrs. E. C. Cronk …..•.•….. 874 – University and the Sultan ………….•…. 488 – Missionary Meaning and Message ofJ Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………………………… 872 Cairo's Outcast Waifs ……………………. 156 Calcutta, Qonference in •……………….•.• 807 – Tree for All Nations, Mrs. E. C. Cronk .•. &72 – University of …………………………… 323 Cities, Investigating the (b) ……………… 667 California Oil Fields, Preaching in ……….. 161 CHfton Springs, Christ's Program at (a) Henrietta M. Hyslop ………………….. 695 Call for Men in 1921 (b) R. P. Wilder ……. 398 Community Service in Shanghai •.••.••……. 74 CAMBODIA-A Neglected Land (a) Robert A. Jal'fray …………………………….. 123 – What Every Church Should Know About CANADA, Gospel by Caravan …………….. 238 Its (b) ……………………………….. 564 Canadian School of Missions ……….. 0 •••••• 887 – Work for Women (b) Rolvix Harlan…… 64 Canal Zone, A Saving Force on …. 0 ••• 0.0.0 •• 159 Congo, Concerted Action in the •…••••……. 730 Canton, Gambling Abolished in 326 0 ••••••• 0 •••••• – Mission, Disciples' .•••.•••.•..••…•……•. 76 – Hospital Anniversary ………………….. 414 – Training Teachers in the ………………. 76 CAROLINES, Japanese Mission to ………… 78 Conferences, Missionary Methods from Sum- Catholic Activity in Congo ………………. 889 mer …………………………………… 711 Catholics Become Mohammedans ………… 155 Conscience and Reforms in India (b) •…… 748 Consecrated Gifts .•…… 637 ~. 0 _.0 _0 .0_ CENTRAL AMERICA, Three in One in ….. 9'l5 _ ••• 0 •••••• Centenary Response in Japan ……………. 415 Conventions, Successful ………………….. 56 Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy……….. 69 Coolies to Missionaries, Introducing ………. 151 Charts and Posters, Mission of ………….. 957 Cooperation. Achievements of Missionary (b) Chart, Make a, B. L. Mehlhouse …………. 96{) R. E. Speer …………………………… 396 Chicago Plan for Bible Scho01s ……………. 811 – in Counties, Church (b) ……………….. 509 CHILE, Christian Conference in …………. 656 Coptic Sunday-Schools ……………………. 329 – Reforms In …………………………….. 733 – Sunday-Schools …..•…•.•…•.•………•.• 650 – Stewardship In ………………………… 496 Court Trials and Religion ………………… 491 – Testimony of President of •…………..•. 410 Criminal Tribes of India …………………. 413 – Tithing in ……………………………… 160 Crisis in Education in Soutb Africa (b) ….. 593 CRINA, Aborigines in 493 0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cronk …..•.•………….•………….•…. 957 – Against Early Marriage •……………..•.. 326 CUBA, Progress in ……………………….. 813 – Bib1e Dictionary Fire ………………….. 726 "Cup of Tea" in the Missionary Program, – Boy Scouts in Fukien ………………….. 726 Mrs. E. C. Cronk •……………….•…… 311 – Canton Hospital Anniversary. 0 •••••• _ •••••• 414 Czecbo-Sloyak National Cburch . _………… 411 – Christ the Hope of …………………….. 243 OzechoRSlovakia. Religious Awakening in (b) 425 – Christian Cooperation in ……………….. 912 – Protestantism in ………. _……………. " 977 – Christian High School in Changsha ……. 74 Czechs in America, Need of (b) ••••.••••.•..• 514 – Christian Literature Society ……………. 245 Daily Appears, A Christian …….. _……….. 160 – Compulsory Education ………………. __ . 492 DEATHS- – Developing Character in (b) A. L. Warn4 – Baker, William of Ire1and ………•……. 260 shuis ………………………………….. 37 – Christie, Rev. Thos., of Tarsus …………. 736 – Earthquake and Missions in (a) S. J. – Clark, Albert W., of Prague •…..•…••..•. 815 Garland o. •………•………•…..• 0 ••••••• 471 – Cochran, James. of China ……………… 893 – Experiment Station for Halnan …………. 652 – Farrar, James M., of BrooklYn .•…•…•. 736 – Famine Crisis Passed ………………….. 652 -Halsey, A. W., of New York …..•.•.•.•.•. 417 – Fighting Gambling Dens in Canton (b) … 347 – Harris, Bishop M. C., Df .Japan •..•……•. 498 – From Prisoner to Pastor ……………… 152 , – Hykes, J. R., of China ………………… 656 – Governor- Df Shansi ……………………. 325 – Jessup, William, of Syria …………….. 335 – Growing Radicalism in …………………. 891 – Jewett, Milo A., of Turkey …………….. 736- – Militarists Oppose Sun Yat Sen ……….. 809 –:- Lambuth, Bishop, of Japan ……•……… 893 – Mission Growth at Shuntefu … _……….. 244 – Macalister. Dr. George, of India ……….. 162 – Modern Movements in (b) ……. , ……… 751 – Maxwell, James L., of London ………… 498 -New Intellectual Movement in (a) A. L. — McLaughlin, W. P., of Buenos Aires . _. _. 417 Warnshuis ……………………………. 783 – McLean, A., of Cincinnati …… _………. 835 – Pagan Panic ……..•………………. 0·•••• 244 -Moses, Jasper T., of Mexico ……………. 656 – Popular Idolatry in (a) Chas. E. Scott … n6 – Nassau, Robt. Hamill. of West Africa …. 576 – Saving Life with Dollars (b) ………….. 348 – Peet, Mrs. W. W.~ of Turkey…………… 78 =~f:;loJc~~~ ~~~~~~~ t~d(~ld.~:~.::::::::::::: 41~ – Stearns, D. M., of Germ~ntQwn .•…•.•.•• 78 – Stevens, E. So, of Japan ……………….. 815 – SpIritual Results from Famine …..•……. 80S – Swift, Judson. of New York …………•.. 815 – Student Movement in ………………….. 573 – Thompson, R. W .• of Bulgaria .•…•.•…• 893 – The Opium Curse ………………………. 73 – Williams. of China. Dr. Mark …………. 162 – Wasted Life Redeemed …………………. 245 Denominational Forward Movements (a) …• 506 ~ What I Saw of Famine in (a) W. R. Lam- Developments in Missionary Education, T. H. P. Sailer ……………………………… 8&2 buth ………………………………….. 204 -Work for Women in Wenchow ……. _….. 246 Disciples, Open Membership and ………….. -68 Ohina's Bible Evangelistic Bands …………. 725 Divorce, To Regulate Marriage and . _… _. _.. 248 – First Woman Preacher …………….. __ … 594 Drink Bill, British ……………………. __ . 647 -Newest Thing in ABC's ……………….. 558 Dutch Churches, Missionary Work of (b) Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions …..•…•.. 414 Henry Beets ………………………….. 393 – Bib1e Magazine in .. __ …………. 0 ____ ….. 573 – Missions, Progress in (b) ………. ~ ……. 671 – Christian Army, A (a) J. Goforth …….. 841 Earthquake and Missions in Kansu (a) S. T. – Girl's Dream, A (b) …………………. , 639 Garland ………………………………. 471 – Haystack Band …………………………. 492 Eddy Meetings, At the …………………… 2M – in the Famine. Christian (b) ………….. 4,(4 – Meetings in Near East (b) …. …………. 6 – in Peking. Helping ……………………. 891 Editorial and Bnslness Chat ..343, 421, 581, 74{), 896 – Increased Liberality Among …….•…….. 808 Educating the Women of Asia (a) Mrs. H. – Priest Saved Through a Dream ……… _.. 463 W. Peabody …………………………… 865 – Students, Recruiting ……….. _………… 91 Education, Conference on Christian .•……• 729 Chuhras of India, Evangelizing the ………. 5 – of Japanese Women (a) A. K. Reischauer 199 Church at Home, Writing to the (b) …..••.• 223 Educational Commission to China •…….•… 652- -Facing its Task (b) …………………… 405 EGYPT, Continued Trouble in ……………. 649 – Membership Gains in America (b) …… __ 350 – Purity Campa.ign in …………….. ~ … _. _. 488 -Union in India …………………………. 979 – Purity Movement ………………..•……. 328 Churches and Re1ief ………………. ~ ……. 417 – Scarcity of Bible Women ………………. 156 Christian Endeavor Convention (b) ..••.••.• 686 -The New Woman of (b) ……………….. 432 – Endeavor World Convention •.•.. : ………. 286 – Unrest in … __ ." ………………….. ~ ….. 834 Egypt's Problem, Solution of (b) ………… 749 – Intervention in Latin America (b) G. B. Winton ……………………………….. 41 Emergency, Way Out of the Present (a) J. H. Franklin …………………………… 707 Chrlstianlty's Impression on Japan (a) D. B. Schneder •………….•………..•……… &75 Em:f2'rants. Japanese Women ……….•…..• 74 Christmas Decoration Suggestions ….. _….. 878 ENGLAND, Christian Campaign In ………. 158 – Religious Conditions in (b) ……….•….. 267 – Religious Mendicants …………………… 571 Essential in Missions, The Great (a) Dwight – Singing the Gospel in ………………….. 364 Goddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 932 – Systematic Evangelism …………………. 242 "Eternal Salvation" Society ……………… 652 – Work of Famine Waif …………………. 154 EUROl'E, 'Baptist Work in ………………. 158 – Wanted Children of (a) Amy W. Car- Evangelism in Korea, Education and…….. 92 michael . . . . . . . . . . . 929 0 ••••• .' •••••••••••••', •••••• Famine in China, Extent of ……………… 151 Indian Affairs, New Commissioner of •.•.•..• 495 -In China, The (a) W. R. Lambuth …….. 204 – Missions, Episcopal ……………………. 70 – In North China ………………………… 11 -Nationalism and Missions (a) D. J. Flem- – Sufferers, Why Help …………………… 184 Ing ……………………………………. 1ZT Far East. After War In (b) ……………… 1 – Program, An .•.•••…•••.•.• o ••• o ••••••••• 0" 668 Federal Council of Churches (b) …………. 10 – Volstead Law ………………………….. 727 Feng, Bible Classes for General •…. , .•…… 725 Indlans-A Week at Sherman Institute (a) – Gov. Yen and Gen. (b) ………………… 845 Edith Menzer …………………………. 636 FIJI-A Notable Mission …………………. 566 – Educating the ………………………….. 812 Filipino Fisher for Souls, A (b) James A. – in California, Neglected (b) …………… 428 Graham •.•.•.•…•…..•.•.•.•.•••.•.•.•.•.• 606 – New Mission to American •…..•.•.•.•….. 333 Finnish Mission Society ………………….. 239 – North American, R. W. Roundy …..•….. 402 Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D. S. – Seek Citizenship ……………………….. 70 Oyler …………………………………. 441 – Tepee Christian Mission ……………….. 654 Foreign Language Literature …..•. , ……. ,. 885 – Missionaries in Germany, Plight ·of (b) – Work Among Cr ow …. …………. …. . …..o•. 734 Indian's Advice to Ind ian Christians (b) 429 George Drach …………………………. 391 INDIA'S Unrest, Cure for (b) W. L. Fergu- Foreigners in Their Own Tongues, Speaking son •… ……………………………… •.• 34 to (a) Amy Blanche Greene …………… 856 – Unrest, Indian Christians on (b) ………. 180 Forward Movement in Korea (a) W. N. Blair 528 Industrial Experiment in Brooklyn ……….. 567 France, Gospel Distribution in …………… 158 – School, Elat, Africa ……………………. 330 – Rel1giolls Interest Growing in … ~ ……… , 888 Intellectual Movement in China, The (a) A. Gambling Dens in Canton, Figbting (b) …. 347 L. Warnshuls …………………………. 783 Gandhi and His Next Life ………………… 727 Interchurcb Movement Disbands (b) …….. 427 – Movement in India (b) ………………… 261 Interdenominational Institutions on Foreign. – on Christianization of India .•.•.•.•…•.••• 807 Field. Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer ………….. 141 Gideons Plan Large Work ………………… 654 International Friendship Promoted ., •.. , ..•• 667 Godless Socialism and the Children (b) ….. 592 – Missionary Committee (b) ..•..• 175 0 ••• 0 0 o •••• Governor of Bombay, Testimony of •…. , •••.. 490 – Missionary Council at Mohonk (b) •.•.•.•. 827 GREECE, The Bible In …………………… 159 – Missionary Union, Annual Meeting of (a) Greek Protestantism ……………………… 647 Henrietta M. Hyslop …………………… 695 GUATEMALA, Anti-Alcoholic League ……. 5u9 – Relations, Christian Principles in (a) W. – Rebuilding in …………………….•…..• 569 H. P. Faunce …………. , ………. ….. .•. 25 GUINEA, Living Epistles in New ………… 665 Investigating tbe Cities (b) ……………… 667 HallelUjah, The Hakim Sahib Has Come (b) Investments that Pay~ Making (b) …. ……. 96 Harry P. Packard …………………….. 644 Islam in Nigeria ..•………………….•…•. 889 Halsey. Abram Woodruff (a) Robert E. Speer 515 ITALY, Carrying Texts Through …………. 731 Harnessing youth for World Service (b) …. 586 – Methodism in •…•…•…•…..•.•…••….•• 331 Hawaii, Work tor Buddhists in …………… 56ft – Religious Trend in …………………….. 647 Hawaiian Figures, Some •………••••••••.•.• 566 Jaffna Going Dry ………………………… 491 Healing in Korea. Christian ••…••…•.•…. 246 JAl'AN, Baron Suggests Golden Rule …….. 810 Highlander and His Homeland. The Southern – Better Health for Woman ……………… 725 (a) Rodney W. Roundy ……………….. 945 – ,Bible Finds a Convert ………………… 674 Himalayan Mission Jubilee …•…….•……• 73 – Christianity's Impression on (a) D. B. Hindu Missionary Idea .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•….. 323 Schneder ••…•……………..•…. 00 •••••• 675 – Missionary in California …..•. , .•.•…•.•• 409 – Construction Work in Miyazaki ……….. 573 – Temples, Fate of ..•.. 242 0 ………………….. – Demand for the Bible …………………. 724 -Testimony. A 728 0 ••• 0 •••• o ••••••••••••••••••••••• – Episcopal Growth in ……………………. 981 -Women, Modern Movements Among (b) •. 673 _First Census Completeti •……………….. 415 Hinduism in United States (a) Clifford M. – Interpreting Christianity to (b) ……….• 39 Drury ………. , ……………………….. 2B1 – Loving Neighbor Institute ……………..• 152 Home Missions, Conference on (b) ………. 177 – Missions and Peace in (b) ……… …….. 3 – Situation (b) Chas. L. Thompson ………. 399 – Opposition Overcome …………………… 416 HUNGARY, Present Situation in (b) …….. 589 – Present Situation in (a) Paul M. Kanamorl 682 ICELAND, Religious Work in (a) J. L. Nis- – Regards U. So, How …•…… , ….. 0., •••• o. 891 bet ………………. '………………….. 465 – Re-vlslted ………………………………. 809 Idolatry In China, Popular (a) Cbarles E. – Sacrltlclal Prayer ……………………… 725 Scott ………………………………….. 116 – Shifting Thoughts in (a) R. E. Speer…. 917 Immigrant-A Vital Problem. The (a) F. A. – The Monkey Temple ……………………. 153 Wallis ………………………………… 775 Japanese Be Christians, Can (a) George Immigration Meeting, A SUccessful …..•. , .. 145 Gleason. I. II ……………………..374, 459 INDIA, Anti-Caste Sentiment (bJ …… ….. 94 –Chinese Debate ……………… 0 •••••••••••• 335 – Anti-non-Cooperation ………………….. 6.51 – in California …..•………….•…..••…… 333 – Bangalore Conference ………. , ………… 808 – Institute in Chicago …………………… 237 – Bible Faith Mission ……………………. 727 – Problem in California (a) Paul B. Water- – Bible Selling Campaign ………………… 242 house …………………………………. 382 – Buttered God in (b) A. M. Boggs ………. 766 – Tribute to Missions ………………….. ,. 493 – Census Provokes Persecution …………… 726 – Women and Temperance ……………….. 573 – Census Reports and Christianity ….•….. 571 – Woman Emigrants …. •.•••………•….•..• 74 – Cooperative Loan Societies …………….. 728 – Women, Education of (a) A. K. Relsch- – Criminal Tribes ………. " ………. 413 auer . . • . . . • . • . . . . . • . . 199 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• , – Educatlng the Village People of (a,) H. P. Japan's "Garden of Children" …………….. 827 Beach …………………………………. 543 -New Religion … :: ……………………… 153 – Evangelizing Chuhras of ………………. 5 JERUSALEM, British Girls' High School … 489 – Famine Conditions ……………………… 323 – Missionary Conference in ….•…•.•…….. 649 – Gandhi Movement in (b) ………………. 261 – Negroes •………• : ….•.•…•………..•…• 237 – Hindu-Moslem Fraternity …..•…..•.•….. 807 – Population of the World ……………….. 249 – Lace Makers of •……..••….•.•.•.•…•.•. 728 – Restoration' Movement …………………. 241 – Maharajah's Gift ………………………. 651 Jewish Evangelization in Chicago ……….. 237 – Mahrattas Seek Purer Religion ~ ……….. 155. – Immigrants in Palestine ……………….. 978 – Miraj Hospital …………………………. 243 Jews Among World Nations …………… 0 •• 971 – Mr. Gandhi and His Next Life •……….. 727 Jews Drift from Faith ……………………. 568 – New Birth Illustrated ………………….. 324 – Arabs and Ch'ristians in Palestine (b) …. 907 – New Organiza.tion for Women ………….. 413 – in New Plllestine, The (b) …………….. 672 -Political and Religious Problems in …….. 512 -in PariSI Work for •.•.•.•.• 0 •••••••••••••••••• 496

– Missions to .. ; ……•………•…..•…•….. 576 MeXicans, Baptist Work for …………. 0 ••••

JUbilee of Woman's Baptist Society ..•••….. 498 MICRONESIA, Family Prayers In •………• 497 Kamerun Mission …….••…..•…..•…….•.• 575 Middle Age Missionary Methods, Mrs. E. C. – Unrest In the ………………………….. 731 Cronk …………………………………. 225 Kennedy School of Missions ………………. 734 Migrant Missionary Service ..•………..••••• 975 Mikado, Worship of ……………………….. 76 Khartum, Boys' Home …….. 156 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ministry. Recruiting for the •…………….. 733 Khorasan Robbers, Adventure with (a) D. Miraj Hospital .•…• "' ……………………. 243 -Hospital, Religious Work in (a) W. J. M, Donaldson …………………………. 761 Kobe, AuditorIum for …………………….. 724 Wanless, M.D. ••.•.•…….•.•……••.•.•• 2.77 KOREA, Causes of Revival In (b) •.•…..••• 668 Mission Study Anniversary •… , …………… 334 – Atheism In Schools .•…•……………..••• 982 Missionary and Other Forms of Religious J!1d- – Christian Advance In ••••.••…•••..•….•.• 346 ucation, Emi1y C. Tillotson …………… 881 – Christian HeaHng in Pyengyang …..••…• 241l – CounCil, National ……………………… 241 – Education in America (b) ……………… 882 – Commission on Education for .•………•.• 493 – Interest. How to Create (a) S. S. Hough .• 292 – Education and Evangelism in (b) …• ••••• 92 – Lessons in Sand ……………………….• 635 – Personals ….. 11)/, &16, 42(), 4l3, 581J, 660, 663, 743 – Forward Movement in (a) W. N. Blair •.• 028 – Substitutes ..•………………………•.•.• 334 – Growth of Sunday-Schools .••.•..•……… 328 Missions and World Peace (a) W. H. P. – Persecution and Progress in ……•… 0 ••••• 892 – Results of Kim Ik Tu's Revival ……….. 810 Faunce ………………………•.•.•.•••.• 25 – Promoting, Wm. A. Hill •…..•…•…•••.• 883 – Spreading the Christian Spirit in (b) O. – Turkish Treaty and (a) S. W. Boggs ..•.•• 107 R. A v i s o n . • . • . . . 40 0 • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mohammedan Converts Association •.•..••.•.• 889 – Mosque at Detroit (a) S. M. Zwemer •.•.• 11)/ – Sunday-School Plana in ………………… 653 Mohonk, International Missionary Council at -Today, Christianity in (al W. A. Noble .. , 685 (b) •…•…..•••.•.•.•.••••..•••••••••••.•.••• 829 Korean Mission Assigned Territory ………. .246 Mongolian Plains, Adventures on the (a) – School in China. ………………………… 152 Mon1:~yRTe~~I.;;-n~teSt(;a;r'::ni··::::::::::::::: lli – Women, Magazine for …………………. 75 – Women's Educational Association ……… 154 – Women, The New •…•….••••..••.•••.••.•. 153 w. Koreans Eager for Knowledge .•…•…….•.• 72Q Mormonism, Conterence on … 886 0 ••••••••••••••• -of Today, and How to Meet it <al R. W. – in Manchuria, With the (.) R. Foote •• 633 Kurds, Missions Among …….•…•…•…•.. 570 Roundy ……………………………….. 21 LATIN AMERICA, S. G. Jnman •.•.•…•…• 401 Mormons and Polygamy ………………….. 495 Moros, Importance of Winning ……….••••• 497 – "Caleb and Joshua. SOCiety" ……………• 410 – Missionary to ………………………….. 18 – Christian Intervention in (b) G. B. Winton 41 Moslem and Christian Rule Compared .•••.••• 323 – Shadow and Light in' (al Webster E. – Converts, Letter of …………………….. 510 Browning .•…… ………… 0….·……"………….. …. – Mission to America (b) ………………… aG5 Laymen's Movement for Italy 385 – Student Perplexities ………….. '" ……. 890 71 – Voters in Algeria …………………….. ~ 486 – Organization, Christian … , …………….• 567 Mosque for Paris …………………………. 64-7 Movements, Denominational Forward (a) … 606 Lepers in Siam, Church for ……………… 491 Nationalism and Missions. Indian (a) D. J.' – Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 0 ••••••••••••••••• -. • • • • • • • Lepers and the Gospel …………………….. 980 Fleming ………………………………. 1Z7 Nations, Are There Any Christian? (b) ….• 66.1j Leprosy, Progress in CUM <Jf ••.•.•.•••••••••• 914 LIBERIA, Negro Bishop for (b) …•.•…•..• fiB8 00: ~!:~IE!~t.d'kdiIyC~~~Wnm;· in"(i>i"':: ::::: :::: Liquor Trame, Native Races and •…… ,. •.•. 2~ "Little House" of Denver •.•.•••.•.•••…. ., … 88G – RedUCing Orphan Relief •.•..•.•..•……… 729 Lumber Jacks, Students Among tbe (aJ A.

W. Anthony ••.. ., …………. '" ……….. 595 Lutheran Cburch. Missions in the ………•. 161 – CounCil, Second National …..•.••..•……. 236 – Relief ••••••…..•.. " . . . . •. . . . •. •. . . . . . . • . . … 489 – Quadricentenary (b) …………………… 269 – The New (a) Sberwood Eddy …………. 101 Lutherans and Cooperation ………………. 332 Neg:rao. wA.mReroiucanndsy and Their Problems (a) – in India ……………………………….• -73 ………………..•……..• 2U MADAGASCAR, New Station in ………….. 983 f:I~ft~rl~n~,~~:tlie~~r.::: ::::: :::::::::: ::::::: :~ Magyars, Need of the …………………….. 885 New Era in Southern Methodist Missions (bl MALAYSIA, Immigration to ……………•.. 154 ~ Large Plans for ………………….•…•.• 247 R. B. Eleazer …………………………. 468 MALTA, Religious Liberty in ………•.•…• 239 NEW GUINEA, Fifty Years Work in ……… 735 MANCHURIA, Japanese Depredations In (bl 345 – With tbe Koreans in (aJ W. R. Foote …• 533 NEW HEBRIDES, The .•…•…………….• 162 – Makers, Ten Charges to Edith Thompson .. ~58 – Manifesto on Church Union .. , …………• 979 NEW ZEALAND, ChUrch Union in ……….. 983 – Holiness Convention in the ……………•. 161 Manila, For Chinese in ••…•…•…….•…..• 334 NICARAGUA, Sunday-School Methods in •••• 888 Mardin Mission. The …………………….. 571 ~lcodemus' Problem, A Chinese on …..•.•.•• 122- Marriage and Divorce. To Regulate ………• 248 IGERIA, Islam in ………………•.••..•••• 889 MARSHALL ISLANDS, Japanizing ……….. 78 =~!~i!::t~ i~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i* MeAll Mission, Opportunities for. 0 •••• 0 •••••• 331 Nigerian Church Growth …………………. 651) McAU Mission, Fifty Years of ……………. 977 Nuggets from Recent Addresses •.•.••…….• 192 McLean, Archibald, Beloved D1sciple (a) NYASSALAND, New Station In ••.•.•……•• 487 Jnoo G. McGavran …………………….. 691 o Li'l' Lamb (Poem) Paul Lawrence Dunbar 454 Medical Mission Brotherhood ……………… 654 Opium Curse in China …………………… 18 – Research in Africa 81.5 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organizations, Organizing Church (b) •.•.•.• 633 Mennonites Migrate Again …………..•….. 333 Orient, Christian Literature for, Alice M.

MESOPOTAMIA, Exiled Assyrians In (b) .•. 747 Kyle ………………………………….. 400 – Factors In Arabia and (b) …..•……….. 4 – ~omen Who Are Transforming the (b) •.• 475 Oriental and the Church in America, Geo. L. Methodist Gains on Foreign, Field •……….. 973 Methodism In Italy- ………………………. 331 Cady··················· .. ··· ……••••••••••• 4oo ::~~g~!S~r~:Sig~ag~:m~re'6o;;ie~~;;d~: . M~S: 332 oOrientals. Christian Work for …..•.•…•.•.• 68 on the Pacific Coast (a) Rodney W. Roundy 133 E. C. Cronk •.•..••.•.•…..•…………… 711 rp~anage. Armenian Boys' .•.•.•.•…….•.• 72 – in Africa., Better Mis~ionary (b) ………. 829 PaCific Coast, The Orientals on the (a) Rod..

– of' Many Minds, Mrs, E. C. Cronk ……… 145 nftv W. Roundy ………………………. 133 MEXICO, Gains in ……………………….. 160 PALESTINE, Bible Distribution In ••…•…. 411 – Gospel Sunplants Pistol ………………… 4-91) – Christian Conference in .•…..•…..•…… 978 – Jews, Ara~s and ChristIans In (b) …•…. 907 – Hopeful Signs in (b) ……………•……. 353 – The Jews In New (b) •.•..••••.•…….•…. 672 – Madame Carranza ……………………… 7~3 – to Have ReligIous Liberty …•………….• 729 – Methodist Aims In ……………•………• 814 Pan-Presbyterian Council .••……………•.. 973 Peace, Missions and World (al W. H. P. – Prohibition in …………………………. 569 Mexican Girls, Tf'xas Scbool for …… , ……. 887 Faunce ., .•.•• ~ ……………………………. .25 -In Our Mf~"t, TM (a) R. W. Roundy- •.•.• 3'1 -Problem Todav (b) ..•…..•… ; …………. 266 -Village Transformed …………………….. 887

VIII

– Missions and In Japan (b) •..•….•…….• 3 – Prisoners, OpportUnity Among (b) .• ,….. 7 – Programs to Promote (b) ……………… 825 – Prisoners, Work for …. ' ……………….. 497 Peking, American Institutions Dedicated in RUMANIA, The New …………………….. 648 Rumania and Religious Minorities (b) …… 911 (b) …………………………………… 833 Ryder Memorial Hospital …………………. 235 – Union Medical College (a) B. E. Read …. 925 Saalako, HOPi Indian Priestess (a) Coe – University Expanding ………………….. 325 Hayne …………………………………. 284 PERSIA, a Challenge to the Church (a) E. T. Sadhu Sundar Singh Impresses Africans …. 158 Allen …..•.•..••..•……………………. 13 Sahara, A Journey in the ………………… 730 – Adventure with Khorasan Robbers (a) D. Salvation Army, Buddhist ………………… 82'7 M. Donaldson ………………………… 761 Salvationists in West Africa ………….. _… 158 SANTO DOMINGO, Home Rule for ………. 331 Persian Cornelius, A …………….. , ….. , … 8{)6 – Women, Education for …. …. . . .. 978 – Missionary Problem of (a) S. G. Inman.. 43 – Protestant Work in (b) ……………….. 182 – Temple in Illinois (a) Geo. Craig Stewart 79.:J Personais1 Missionary Scandinavian Church Conference …..•…•.•. 56S School for Missionaries, A (a) R. M. Kurtz 303 167, 256, 420, 423, SSG, 660, 663, 743 – of Rabindranath Tagore (a) D. J. Flem- PERU, Contrasts in ……………………… 410 PHILIPPINES, A Mora Steward …………. 735 Ing ……………………………………. 648 Plans for Missionary Meetings ., …………. 711 Schools, Bible in Public (b) …………….. 666 – of Missions …. , ..•………..•…..•……… 407 POLAND, Destitution in …………………. 88S – of Missions, Mrs. Luke Johnson ……….. 722 – Gospel Work in •••…………………….. 159 Scotland. Temperance Vote in …….•…..•. 496 Political and Religious Problems in India … 512 Porto Rican Schools, Bible in …………….. 7{) Scottish Y. W. C. A., Independence for .•.•. 238 PORTO RICO, Cooperatiou In (b) ……….. 430 Scouts in Cairo, Girl ……… , ……………. 650 – Crowded Conditions in …………………. 732 Senegal Mohammedans …………………… 650 Serbian Church R~rganized ….. ' •……….. 649 – Ryder Memorial Hospital ……….. ,., …. 2-36 Shadow and Light in Latin America (a) – Students in •……………………………. 975 – Union Church …..•….•………………… 910 Webster E. Browning ………………… 385 -Yo M. C. A. in …………………………. 975 Sherman Institute, A Week at (a) Edith -Twenty Years Progress in (a) Philo W. Menzer ……………………………….. 536 Drury ………..•……. '" …………….. 207 Shinto Sect in Disfavor ………………….. 892 Portugal, Changing ………………………. 888 – Shifting Thoughts of (a) Robert E. Speer. 917 Portuguese Opposition to Missions (b) …. ,. 2£2 SIAM, Church for Lepers in …………….. 491 Poster Makers, Materials for, Maude E. – Future Queen of ………………………. 324 Bradley ……………………………….. 964 -Tal Race of (a) J. A. Eakin …………… 368 Posters~ ~akin~ Missionary,. B. C. Millikin . 957 – Testimony of U. S. Minister to, Geo. W. – ProhibitlOns In East AfrIca …………… 426 Prayer and the Present Crisis …………… 89 P. Hunt ………………………………. 564 Singing tbe Gospel in India ………………. 354 – Effeetual Fervent ……………………… 732 – for Schools, Day of …………………….. 811 Slavery Dead in Africa, Is'? (a) Travers Bux- ton ……………………………………. 853 – for Students, Day of …………….. : ….. 162 – Meeting "Extra" ……… , … ' ………….. 416 Sleeping Sickness. New Treatment for ……• 815 Smyrna, Student Christian Conference at (b) 513 – Program, of. Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………. &52 Socialism and the Children, Godless (b) ..• 592 . – Sacrificial ……………………………… 725 Soil Culture and Soul Culture in BUrma (a) – Striking Answer to … , ……. , ………….. 889 B. C. Case ……………………………. 619 Praying Through the Review (b) ………… 50S SOLOMON ISLANDS, Akalo Worship …….. 655 Presbyterian Figures, Some ………………. 811' SOUTH AMERICA, New Bible SOCiety Agency 332 .- South American ………………………… 976 President's Missionary Tour, The (b) ……. 585 Press, Move to Muzzle the ……. . ……. 352 Southern Hh;-hlander and His Homeland (a) Printed Page in Japan ………… _. _………. 152 Rodney W. Roundy …………………… 945 Prisoners, Opportunities Among Russian (b) 7 SPAIN'S Protestant Colony………………. 77 Spanish Christian General ……………….. 330 Problems in South Africa, ,Present (a) J. Dexter Taylor ………………………. , … 847 Speech, When You Make a Missionary (Sym- poslum) ……………………. " ………. 395 Prohibition, Results from ., ……….. , ……. 160 "Star of Ho-pe" in Paterson (b) Peter Starn, Protestantism, Proclamation Against …….. 61).5 Jr. .. ………………………………….. 449 Punjal?, Progress in ……………………… 573 Stearns. The Missionary of D. M. (a) Stella "Purity Movement" In Egypt …………….. 328 C. Dunkelberger ……….•………•.•….. 139 Quebec, Itinerating in ………. ' …………. 734 Stewardship, Steps in ……………………. 632 Questionnaire, MIssionary ………………… 249 Stone, Letter from Dr Mary …………….. 319 Race Problem, Solving the ………………. 885 Student Christian Conference at Smyrna (b) 513 Ramabai and Her Daughter Pandita (b) C. – Federation, Christian …………………. 68 Butler ………………………………… 859 – Movement in China …………………….. 573 Reading Contest Plan. Practical …………. 636 – Work in Austria (b) ………………….. 670 Re-Alignment -In Asia Minor (a) Jno. E. Students Among the Lumber Jacks (a) A. Merrill ……………………………….. 755 W. Anthony …………………………… 595 Recreation and the Country Church (b) S. – and the World, British (a) K. S. Latour- . .. .. .. .. E. Persons ……………. _. _…………… 404 ette …………………………………… 299 Rec~:I~~~:r. :-:~~~~~~i.~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~.~~~~.' ~' ~: 67 . , Recruiting Chinese …………………….. 91 StUdents' Union in Cairo , ………………… 806 Relief. Ameriean Management or …………. 326 – for Orphans, Reducing …………………. 729 Study Books, Interesting …………………. 719 SUDAN, Conditions in the ………………… 730 Religious Bodies in America, Present Status – Five Against Seven Hundr-~d (b) Mrs. D. of (a) Walter Laidlaw ………………. 509 S. Oyler ………………………………. 441 – Conditions in England (b) …….. , …….. 2(17 – United Mission …………………………. 575 – Eduf'ation, School of ………………….. 409 Suicides in Japan, Signboard for (a) ……. gOS – Freedom in Europe …………………….. 814 SUMATRA, A Cannibal's Grandson . _. _…… 565 – Work in Mirai Hospital, India (a) W. J. Summer School of Foreign Missions (b) …. 803 Manless, M.D. .. ………………………. 277 Sunday Observance in Japan …………….. 327 Resrue of Three Thousand Christians (b) – Missionary Interest In the (b) …………. 753 Harry P. Packard ………………. _….. 644 – StatistiCS ………………………….. " …. 498 Sunday Schools, CoPtic ………………….. 329 Revelations of City Surveys (a) Merle Higley 767 Revival in Korea, Causes of (b) …. , •……. 66~ – in Near East …………….•……………• 412 – on Foreign Fie1d ………………………. 676 Riots in South India …………………….. 891 Rockefeller Gifts ………………………… 40~ Sun Yat-sen, Militarists Oppose …..•…….• 8!Y.l – Sunday~scbool Convention in …………. ,. 976 Roman Catholics, Baptists vs…………….. 250 Rmtenwald FUnd at Wor-k ………………… 216 Surveys, SOCial and Religious ……………. 408 RTTSSIA and the Bible ………………….. 159 – Some Revelations of Oity (a) Merle Hig- – Relief for ……………………………… 888 lev ……………………………………. 767 – Re1!~lon In Soviet (b) …………………. 511 -. Religious Currents in (b) ……………… 74G SYRIA, Two Missionary Educators in (a) .. 193 – Rellglon in ……………………………. 3~1 Syrian Evangelists for Moslems ….••……. 240 Russian Girls in Constantinople …………. 814 – Missionary's ExperienCe (b) George T. – Kaiser's Estate for Mission .•.•.•…. ; ….•. 241 Scott ………………………………….. 464 – Transfer of Mardin Mission ..•…….•.•… 72 Ukraine Terror, The …………………….. 649 – Orphanage, Save a …………………….. 155 Uyemura, Japanese Christian Leader (a) S. Tagore, School of Rabindranath (a) D. J. H. Wainright …………………………. 023 Fleming ………………..•……………. 549 Vatican and Y. M. ·C. A………………….. 248 ~ Scotland Protests Envoy to ……………. 238 TAHITI, News Irom ……………………… 497 VENEZUELA, A Neglected Neigbbor (a) W. Tal Race 01 Siam, The (a) J. A. Eakin …… 368 Tax Laws, Missionaries and………………. 68 E. Browning …•.•…………………….. 937 Telugu Woman's Society ………………….. 979 Village People of India, Educating the (a) Temperance in Siam ……………………… 413 ~ Indian Volstead Law …………………… 727 H. P. Beach ………………………….. 543 – Vote in Scotland ………………………. 496 VIRGIN ISLANDS ……………………….. 247 ''"fen Commandments Unknown ……………. 566 Waldensian Schools …………………… ~ .•. 647 Tennessee's Educational Need ……………. 333 War, Christians Appeal Against …………. 567 Thank-Offering Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk . 797 Wanted Children of India, The (a) Amy W. Thank-Offerings, LitUe Storjes of Great …. 799 Thanksgiving Suggestions ………………… 798 Carmichael ……….•…………………•. 9:29 – in Far East, After the (b) ……………… 1 THESSALONICA, Agricultural Institute in . 732 World Situation, The Present (b) D. L.

H~~~~I~ec~~tt~~,;~ '1;;':' ii~dh~ 'S;;';d;':~ ·S;h.iih 656 Pierson …………•.•…….•…•…•……. 395 W. Peabody ………141,319, 482, 68~, 803, 96. (a) …………………………………… 862 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E. Tibetan Day School ………………………. 809 Quinlan …………….<14, 231, 404, 559, 719, 881 -News •……………….•………•……….. 672 Tibetans, Baptism of …………………….. 434 Women, Better Health lor Japanese ……… 726 – Pioneering Among the (a) A. L. Shelton .. 6(Y1 Woman's ForeIgn Mission Bulletin ……….. 967 Tokyo ConventiO'!l, Aftermath of the (b) …. 99 – United Conferences ot …………………. 180 Tract Society. Chicago …………………… 409 Wyburn. John H. (a) Ernest D. Pierson …. 451 Transvaal Mission ………………………… 77 YAP, Island of •••..•.••..•.•.•.•…•…•……. 66'5 Truth and Half Truths (b) ………………. 268 Yen, and Gen. Feng, Gov. (b) ……… ~.*.~. 84~ TURKESTAN, Sarts of …………………… 490 ~ V~ti~anA~~~ ~.~~~~.~.::: :::::::::::::::: :::::: i:~ Turkish Orthodox Church . 729 * .. * ……………. – Treaty and Missions (a) S. W. Boggs …. 1G7 YUCATAN, Religious Instruction in …….. 331 Y. W. C. A., Independence for Scottish …… 233 TURKEY, A Liberating Force in (a) Jas. L. – Leaving the British ……………………. 71 Barton .•.. '" ………………………….. 31 Zion-jst Leaders Disagree ………………… 736 Zulus, Industrial Mission for …….•..•….• 77 NEW BOOKS American Bible Society, The Report ……… 579 Lectures on Systematic Theology. Charles G. Finney ……………………………….. 740 America's Stake in the Far East. Chas. H. Leper Problem in India, The …………….. 339 Fahs ………………. : …………•…..•.. 679 Letters o-f a Javanese Princess. R. A. Kar- Approaches Toward Church Unity. Smyth tlnl …………………………………… 252 Medical Missions. W. R. Lambuth ………. 336 and Walker ………………………….. 339 Message 01 Sadhu Sundar Singh. Canon B.

Arabian ProJ}het, The. Translated from Chi- H. Streeter …………………………… 737 Missionary Survey. R. Allen and T. Coch- nese ………………………………….. 817 o rane •………..•………………………. 336 Army and Religjon ……………………… " 79 Mr. Friend o' Man. Jay T. Stocking……… 82 My Son. Cora Harris ……………………. sa8 Call to Unity, The. Wm. T. Manning •…..• 578 Myth of Jewish Menace in World Affairs, Case of Korea,' The. Henry Chung …….•.. 738 ~ The. Lucien Wolf ……………………. 578 Castaway in Kavirondo. A. A. M. E1verson • 739 Natives of Northern Territories of the Gold Cllaracter Building in Kashmir, C. E. Tyn- Coast. A. W. CardinalI ………………. 895 dale-Biscoe .•.•………………………… 164 Near East, Cross Roads of the World …..•. 336 Near Side of the Mexican, The Question. Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and Formosa ………………………. : …….. 984 Jay S. Stowell ……………………….. 677 Neighboring Americans. Mary C1ark Barnes 500 Christian Unity ………………………….. 577 New Jerusalem, The. G. K. Chesterton .•… 418 Pearl's Secret. Mrs. Howard Taylo-r ……… 5IJ'1 Christianity the Final Religion. S. M. Zwe- Persian Pie. James H. Linton …….. ~ …… 657 mer …………………………………… 337 Problem ot Christian Unity, The. S. Parkes Church and Industrial Reconstruction ……. 263 Cadman and -others …………………… 578 Church and the Community. R. E. Diffendor- Protestant MiSSionary Directory for India … 418 Quiet Talks About Life After Death. S. D. fer ……………………………………. 337 City of Rams, The. G. L. Bendelback ……. 558 G o r d o n 658 t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , ••• Dawn of aNew Era in Syria, The. Margaret Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss …………… 251 Rural Evangelism. James E. Wagner •…•. 600 McGilvary …………………………….. 163 Russia in the Shadows. H. G. Wells •….•.• 499 Earnest of the Coming Age. A. B. Simpson. 579 Schools with a Message in India. D. J. Flem- Enlisting for Christ and the Church. H. A. ing ……………………………………. 500 Johnston . • . • . . . • . . . • . . . . •. . . . . •••. . . . • . • . •.. 837 Fijian Society. W. Deans ………………… 657 Shepherd of Aintah. Alice Shepard Riggs " 164 Finding the Way Out. R. R. Moton …….. 252 Six Thousand Country Churches. C. O. Gill Friday's Footprints. Margaret Applegarth .. 739 From Survey to Service. H. Paul Douglass 738 and Gifford Pinchot …………………… 500 Frontier Folk. L. A. Star ………………… 667 SonJi{S and Tales from the Dark Continent. God's Living Oracles. A. T. Pierson …….. 578 Gotama Buddha. Kenneth J. Saunders •.•… 499 Natalie Curtis … " …….. ,," …………. 578 Hainan, The Island of Palms •………… , .. 337 Spending of a Thank-Offering, The ………. 339 History 01 the Japanese Poop Ie. Capt. F. Star In the East. A. Edw. N. Harris" …… 419 Thirteen Upanishads. The ……………… o. 894 Brinkley ………………………………. 163 Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. S. G. History of WlIIlam Taylor-Self-Supporting Inman …………………………… , ….. 80 Missions in South America, Goodsil F. True Church, Tbe. Edited by Hoste and Mc- Arms ………………………………….. 984 Home Mission Trails. Jay S. Stowell •……. 336 Elberan ……………………………. '" 577 Home Missions Council Report …………… 499 Under Many Flags. K. S. Cronk and E. Slng- Home with the Open Door, The. Mary Schaumer Platt ………………………. 739 mast.er ……………………..•.•…•…..• 738 Immigration and th& Future. Frances KeUer 817 ~r~~~n~f~~~e;:!' tJ~hl'j;;: ~~~~~~e~i.I~;.~ ~~~ James Stokes-Pioneer. Edited by F. W. Workine: Girls of China. E. E. Wbimster '" 657 Ober ………………………………….. 577 World Friendshio. J. Lovell Murray •……. 7aS Jesus in the Experience of Men. T. R. Glover 737 Yarns of the Near East. Basil Mathews ~ … 500 Jobn Smith Moffat. R. U. Moffat ………… 816 Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself ……… 817

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY 'EVlEW~ JUNE, 1921 UNREACHED FIELDS OF CENTRAL AFRICA H.K.W.KUMM NEGLECTED FIELDS IN BRAZIL H. C. TUCKER JOHN H. WYBURN—A FRIEND INDEED ERNEST D. PIERSON A DOCTOR'S EXPERIENCE IN WEST AFRICA H. L. WEBER THE EARTHQUAKE AND MISSIONS IN CHINA S. J. GARLAND AND OTHERS WOMEN WHO ARE TRANSFORMING THE ORIENT MRS. H. W. PEABODY $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, -NEW YORK

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EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS resenting the REVIEW and introducing it to CHAT as large a number as possible, please write to us for further information. COPIEs-LoST, STRAYED OR STOLEN A number of our subscribers have failed *** to receive their magazine promptly through no fault of this office. Thev have been dis- A MISSIONARY BEN:ilFACTOR appointed and we have had vigorous pro- A large-hearted and broad-visioned suptests. Sometimes the Post-Office Depart- porter of missionary work has recently ment has been to blame. Please note that made a substantial gift to send the REVIEW a new ruling of the post office requires that to pastors in the home church who need the the street an.d number shall be included in inspiration and information contained in the mailing address of letters and maga- the magazine, but who find it difficult to zines. A number of copies of the REVIEW subscribe on account of financial pressure. have been returned to us because insuffi- If anyone questions the value of such a gift ciently addressed. It takes too much time to these self-sacrificing leaders of the home for the post office clerks to search through church they should read the letters of acdirectories and telephone books. If your knowledgement that come from pastors all, magazine is not fully addressed, kindly send us this information. over the country. Here are one or two samples: WANTJ*D-M* AR*CH,1921 "If all the numbers of the REVII(W are Our supply of copies of the March, 1921, as full of sermonic and spiritually helpful REVIEW has been exhausted and we would material as the April number, I have be glad if subscribers will communicate missed much," with us if they can furnish any copies to meet the demand. Subscribers are urged to "I have for a long time desired to subrenew their subscriptions promptly in order scribe for the magazine, but have not that they mayavo!d :.:'is;ing any numbers. found it convenient to do so. I shall read it with great pleasure, and shall keep it SUMM:ilR CONFJR:ilNC:ilS in the public reading room which I main- Are you going to a Summer Conference tain in the parsonage." or School of Missions? On another page you will find as full a list as we could se- "I shall make every possible use of the cure, giving the 10catioI?' dates and so far as possible the officers 111 charge of corre- RIlvIJW, and it will be of great value and spondence for each Conference. If you help to me in my work." think of going to one of these Conferences, and would like to help pay your way by rep- There are still on our list the names· of many pastors who would find the RIlvIEW of inestimable value in their work, and who are in such key positions that a subscrip- tion sent to them would prove of great benefit to the missionary canse. Would you like the privilege of sending such gift sub- scriptions? THE MISSIONARY Review of the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE …………………. DlNKA WOMEN OF THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN EDITORIAL COMMENT …………………………………………….. 425 AWAKENING IN CZECHO-SWVAKIA ADVICE TO INDIAN CHRISTIANS PORTUGUESE PROHIBITIONS IN EAST AFRICA COOPERATION IN POR'fO RICO THE INTERCHURCH MOVEMENT DISBANDS THE NEW WOMAN OF EGYPT NEGLECTIlD INDIANS IN CALIFORNIA BAPTISMS IN BATANG, TIBET UNREACHED FIELDS OF CENTRAL AFHICA ………….. H. K. W. KUMM 435 Information gathered in a journey into the Sudan and neighboring districts, showing the character of the country and people, and the strategic importance of establishing Christian ""ssions.

FIVE AGAINST SEVEN HUNDRED …………………… MRS. D. S. OYLER 441 A striking contrast between the influence of seven hundred Moslems and witch doctors in the Sudan and five Christian missionaries.

NEGLECTED FIELDS IN BRAZIL …………………….. , .. , H. C. TUCKIlR 443 The conditions in the interior of Brazil as seet! by a represCHtative of the Americat! .Bible Society in his journeys for from Protestant ",ission stations.

"THE STAR OF HOPE" IN PATIlRSON …………………….. PETER STAM, JR. 449 The story of a unique mission work conducted by a business man it! a New Iersey manufacturing tOWt!.

JOHN H. WYBURN, A FRIEND INDEED ………….. By ERNEST D. PIERSON 451 An appreciative sketch of the remarkable work among the outcast in New York conducted by one who was himself saved from the curse of drink.

A DOCTOR'S EXPERIENCE IN WEST AFRICA .. , … " ., …… H. L. WEBER 455 Interesting facts and incidents as told by a physician who heard the call to heal and preach to Africans who are -sick in body and soul.

CAN THE JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS (II) …………… GEORGE GLEASON 459 A continuation of the histories of Japanese men and women who have become Christian leaders.

RELIGIOUS WORK IN ICELAND ………………………….. J. L. NISBET 465 A NEW ERA IN SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSIONS …… R. B. E~I;AZER 468 THE EARTHQUAKE AND MISSIONS IN KANSU .. S. J. GARLAND AND OTHI;RS 471 CHRISTIAN CHINESE IN THE FAMINE DISTRICTS…………………. 474 WOMEN WHO ARE TRANSFORMING THE ORIENT .. MRS. H. W. PEABODY 475 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT •…………… EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 477 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDITI;D BY MRS. H. W. PEABODY 482 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………….. , ………….. ,., ……… ".. 486 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy……………………………………….. 499 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Pnblishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Robert E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice·President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication officeJ 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenue, 25C. a copy $2.50 a year New York City.

• Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

Copyrighted, 1921 MISSIONARY PERSONALS MR. W. C. PEARCE, Acting General Secre- layUp tary of the International Sunday-School Association, has been called to become As- For sociate General Secretary of the World's Sunday-SchoOl Association.

PROF. HARLAN '"P. '"BE*ACH has resigned Yourselves from the Department of Missions of the Treasures Yale Divinity School, and Prof. K. S. in Heaven Catourette, of Denison University, Ohio, Would you love to have your own has been appointed his successor. Prof. native trained missionary? and sup- Beach is to leave in June to visit some of port him for $1.50 a week! Pray the mission fields in a friend's private yacht. for him by name? Have his re- RICV. JAMES L. *BAR'"TO*N, D.D., Secretary port? W ou)d you love to support of the American Board of Commissioners one or more for some loved one!

for Foreign Missions, will visit China and for a memorial1 for the Lord Japan this summer and attend the annual Jesus?

meeting of the Trustees of Union Medical Write Rev. H. A. Barton, See'y College, Peking. Box M, 473 Creen Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. '" '" '" REV. J. L. McLAUGHLIN, Secretary of the For FREE Literature American Bible Society in the Philippines rn in 1922 the interest of Christian teaching for fifteen years, has been added to the through pageantry and music. Headquarters Staff of the Society in New *** Yark, as Assistant Secretary. REV. BOHUMIL PROCHAZKA, a Bohemian DR. AND MRS. *** G. MYLREA, of missionary of Czecho-Slovakia. has been visiting America in an endeavor to create C. STANLEY interest in Protestant work in Bohemia. Mr. Prochazka began his work in Brno two the Reformed Church Mission in Arabia, years ago with thirty members, and now has over two hundred. are returning to America on furlough. MR. BERNARD L*UCA'"S, '"missionary states- They plan to visit Korea and Japan on the man of the London Missionary Society in way. Bangalore, South India, died in England on February 20th. MR. JAMES M. 'S"PE*ERS*, Chairman of the * '" * DR. PAUL MONROE, of Teacher's College, Caymen's Missionary Movement and Treas- New York, is going to the Far East as an urer of the Student Volunteer Movement, educational expert at the invitation of the Chinese Government. Dr. Monroe is Presexpects to leave in July to visit Japan, ident of the Board of Trustees of Shantung Christian University. Korea, China, India and possibly Siam. Mr. DR. TOM JAYS, *form'" er'"ly a missionary of and Mrs. Speers will visit their missionary the C. M. S. in West Africa, has been apsons in China and India and expect to be pointed to succeed Dr. C. E. Wigram as Principal of Livingstone College, London. gone about one year. As Traveling Secretary of the Student Vol- unteer Missionary Union, Dr. Jays has vis- '" '" '" DR. ROBERT E. SPICER and MR. RUSSELL ited the chief universities of the United States and Great Britain. CARTER, Secretary and Assistant Treasurer *** of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Rllv. F. H. DrvINIC has resigned from the sions, will sail in July for an eight months' secretaryship of the Baptist Home Mission Society, and has established "The Big visit to PresbyterIan stations in the Philip- Brother Financial Agency," with the aim of stimulating churches to sacrificial giving pines, India and Persia. toward much needed equipment, DR. AND MRS. O*TIS'" CA*RY, who went out to Japan under the American Board in 1878, have returned to the United States, but are continuing their service for the Japanese by work among Japanese in Amer- ica. ,.. … …

REV. AND MRS. DAVID S. SPENCER, of the Methodist Mission in Japan, have returned to Fukuoka. Mr. Spencer has been visiting schools in America in search of foreign mission recruits and has recorded 516 definite promises of volunteers.

REV. PAUL RAD'"ER'," t*he evangelist and President of the Christian and Missionary AIJiance, has returned from his tour of the Far East. He has been absent, with Mrs. Rader, for nearly a year.

PROF. H. AUGUS*'1'IN*C *SMITH, of Boston University, has accepted an invitation from the Japan Sunday-School Association to conduct a nation-wide tour of that country Please mention THE MISSIONARY RtVI'~W or 'l'H. WORLD in writing to advertisefl.

WOMEN OF THE -EASTERN

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JUNE, 1921 NUMBER LXIV SIX RELIGIOUS AWAKENING IN OZEOHO-SLOVAKIA A PPARENTLY a new day has dawned in Ozecho-Slovakia, not only in civil liberty but in moral and religious life. Free democracy has replaced oppressive autocracy in Ohurch and State, there are signs of an intellectual renaissance, and in ancient Bohemia and Moravia the Protestant teachings of the past have prepared the way for the larger reception of evangelical Ohristian truth.

Dr. Sherwood Eddy reported after his visit last year that to many of the students the very words" religion," "church," "Ohristianity," and even" Ohrist" had so long been connectf'd with crime, tyranny, inquisition, and oppression that they had become anathema. The students were mostly atheists, free-thinkers, agnostics, materialists. "But now, with splendid enthusiasm in their new discovery of Bible study, the prejudice of years is breaking down."

Recently these students seem to have adopted a new basis and a Ohristian Student Movement is firmly established. The great movement under way in the Oatholic Ohurch away from Rome led 200,000 in five months to join the movement. The whole nation is in a state of transition. They have adopted for their services the national language; they stand for a married priesthood, an open Bible, and the whole position maintained by Huss at the beginning of the Reformation five centuries ago. … Thus in free Bohemia a nation is being born in a dav.

The organization of the Reforming Oatholics in Ozecho-Slovakia, therefore, into the "Oirkev Oeskoslovenska" (Ozecho-Slovak Ohurch), is being carried on in such a manner as to excite admiration. For many years the better educated of the priests and the intelligent class of the people have not only been expecting but planning the reformation of the Oatholic Ohurch from within.

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For many years, the determination of these people, upon regaining their national political freedom, the dream for three hundred years, has involved their national religious freedom. At first it was hoped by the reformers that the Church.of Rome would allow the distinctive features characteristic of their historic faith, and so a commission was sent to Rome a year ago to request these concessions. Their request, however, was met with a decisive refusal. And so last year the Reformed Church was organized in the city of Prague. A central committee of administration was appointed, and a consistory elected.

A great religious re-awakening followed and the leaders found that it was all that they could do to carry the movement of the people into organization. From one village to the next the word spread~ and most of the people came into the quickly growing Church. It is estimated that, if there were clergy to serve, 1,000,000 souls would be enrolled, and, if there were livings assured for them, 500 priests would renounce the Roman obedience, and among them nearly all of the younger priests. But it is difficult for a priest to find the secular occupation which is necessary for his living. Some of the clergy today in the new national Church, while they work Sundays and all evenings, find employment as post-office clerks, secretaries in government offices, and one is a clerk in a drug store. Each priest as he leaves Rome is promptly "excommunicated," and the frequent published lists of excommunications are advertisements for the awayfrom-Rome movement.

In various parts of Bohemia there are unusual openings. In one place an entire congregation left the Roman Catholic Church, and the building was offered to any Protestant body prepared to establish and maintain services.

In Slovakia there is a different and difficult situation. All of the churches suffered losses of members during the war, and as nearly all the Protestant pastors were forced into the military service the work suffered much. There is great need for help from evangelical Christian Churches.

PORTUGUESE PROHIBITIONS IN EAST AFRICA I N OUR April number we referred at length to the Portuguese of- ficial limitations put upon Protestant missionary work in East Africa. Recent pronouncements prohibit touring in evangelistic work, require teachers in mission schools to pass examinations before the Government school boards, and make it necessary to submit all books intended for use in mission schools to pass the censorship of the school board. The regulations also stipulate that Portuguese must be the language used in schools, that Portuguese history must be taught, and that even the reading of the Bible "in the house of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

religion" must be in Portuguese. The Governor states that the teachers" ought to be Portuguese."

These regulations might not be considered unjust if they permitted teaching and preaching in the native language, and if they did not open the way to unfriendly discrimination against Protestant Christian teachers and preachers. The American Board missionaries have been conducting church services at Gogoyo for over two years, having received verbal permission from the commandante. When formal application was made for a church license with the provision that only Portuguese and the native language would be used, permission was refused unless Bible reading and preaching are in the Portuguese language.

The question is in the hands of the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference, which plans to take the matter up with the Portuguese officials.

THE INTERCHURCH MOVEMENT DISBANDS T HE General Committee of the Interchurch World Movement held its final meeting, at 25 Madison Avenue, on April 8th, when about fifty persons were in attendance, representing cooperating denominations. A special committee of business men reported through James M. Speers and Raymond B. Fosdick, on the winding up of the business affairs of the Movement. The Committee on Reorganization reported through Bishop Thomas Nicholson of Chicago, its chairman, on the best methods of conserving the values of the Movement. All further responsibilities were committed to the Executive Committee, and a Consultative Committee was appointed to serve as a point of contact between the cooperative agencies of the Protestant denominations.

The Business Men's Committee reported that the remaining obligations of the Movement could be fully met out of existing assets, providing outstanding pledges and underwritings are fully paid, but the date of the final liquidation of the Interchurch World Movement cannot now be foreseen. The present Business Men's Committee was therefore discharged and the final winding up of the legal affairs of the Interchurch was placed in the hands of a committee of three consisting of James M. Speers, Raymond B. Fosdick and Trevor Arnett, who are responsible to the Executive Committee.

Since the Protestant churches in America possess seven or more organized agencies dealing with cooperative work, it was recommended that these agencies be so developed and correlated as to enable them to provide adequately for the cooperative responsibilities contemplated in the Interchurch World Movement, and that they cultivate relations of affiliation through the Federal Council of Churches.

A Committee of Consultation was suggested to be composed of

three representatives from each of the following agencies: the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations, the Council of Church Boards of Education, the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, the Reorganization Committee of the Interchurch W orId Movement, and of the Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement.

The General Committee earnestly advised the correlation of the Forward Movements and general promotional activities of the various denominations, and urged the Committee of Consultation to cooperate in every way possible.

The Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement was charged with the responsibility of conserving the survey material and of consigning such portions as may seem wise to the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the Women's Organizations, the Council of Church Boards of Education, and the other organizations which they may approve in order that they may conserve the value of these surveys, complete them and keep them up to date.

The Interchurch World Movement, as an organization, is to be legally terminated as soon as the assets can be collected and the internal and external obligations, both legal and moral, can be discharged.

NEGLECTED INDIANS IN CALIFORNIA BECAUSE of the failure of the United States Government to ratify treaties, many Indians in California were left without any land rights that the white men would respect. It is believed that in 1850 there were approximately 200,000 Indians in Northern California, and that as a result of ruthlessness, famine and disease about 180,000 of them perished within fifty years. Some of these Indians were later provided with land, but today the number of "non-reservation" Indians in California is 14,500. Of these only 3,633 have been reached with any Christian influences whatever. There are twenty-five counties in which there is no work done for the Indians, and fift~en where there is only partial work.

These non-reservation Indians are scattered over forty counties in California. They can be divided into three groups: About 3,500 have taken allotments on the public domain, as homesteaders. Some 4,000 are living on small tracts of land purchased for them (in recent years) by the Government, and about 6,500 are without land and are living in rude shacks, as squatters on the corners or rock piles of the various ranches, or any spot where they can locate until told to "move on."

Among the first class, there is an upward tendency in the matter

EDITORIAL COMMENT

of improved housing conditions; and there is some improvement among the 13econd class. The third class, however, make little or no progress toward permanent home building.

There seems to be a growing sentiment on the part of the county officials in the welfare of these scattered bands of Indians. Where there has been a combination of social welfare and missionary work, there has been a great improvement in conditions. In several counties, where the Indian population was regarded as a drunken, degraded and worthless set, a menace to the communities, as a result of this "Lend a Hand" movement, these same people are now sober, industrious, thrifty and well-behaved, transformed from a liability to an asset; and the demand for their labor is greater than the supply. In most counties of California, Indian children are now admitted to the public schools.

There are also about three thousand non-reservation Indians in Nevada, and probably not more than ten per cent. of that number is reached by Christian influence.

"As the Indian, more and more, becomes an economic factor in meeting the demand for labor on the ranches, the railroad and the other industries, " says Mr. M. K. Sniffin, "the prejudice now existing is bound to be lessened. If these 3,000 non-reservation Indians could be brought under the influence of strong Christian men and women and given an opportunity to develop materially and spiritually, the Indian problem in Nevada would soon be solved."

AN INDIAN'S ADVICE TO INDIAN CHRISTIANS I N THE midst of all the unrest in India it is encouraging to read the address given by Dewan Bahadur W. L. Venkatara- miah, President of the All-India Conference of Indian Christians, at their recent meeting in Calcutta. This conference is representative of the various Indian Christian communities and is of growing importance in shap.ing the thought and life of India. Every year an increasing number of Indian Christians arc being sent to the national congress and assemblies, and so have a voice in the national affairs.

Mr. Venkataramiah gave this wholesome advice to his fellow Christians as to how they should act in these momentous days: "Ve as a community have much to do setting our own house in order. The large accessions from the depressed and out-caste classes imply serious responsibilities. Most of the new converts are illiterate and ignorant; many are deeply tainted, by heredity and environment. Their inclusion in our community must necessarily lower the standard of efficiency and character, unless we make a determined and orga~ized effort to educate and elevate them, and reclaim them from criminal tendencies and aptitudes.

"In South India and other parts of the country there is a distinct mass movement in several areas, a movement of families and village communities into the Church. They naturally need teachers, catechists and pastors for their nurture and up-building. The rank and file of our community are poor and cannot afford to give their sons and daughters the benefits of high school or college training.

"Now what do we propose to dof Shall we leave all this important work to the missionary~ Should we not rather make a real effort to do the work that our missionary friends are doing~ The National Missionary Society is a splendid example of what we can do. But we want such organizations multiplied a hundredfold. We want young men and women to emulate the example of Gokhale and Paranjpye in the Ferguson College, to serve in schools and churches and Christian settlements on a bare living wage, counting all else as of no account. We want teaching brotherhoods, such as some of our young men are seeking to form in Madras in connection with a Residential School soon to be started. We want men and women full of the spirit of Sadhu Sqndar Singh, Pandita Ramabai, Bishop Azariah, Kalicharan Banurji, Nehemiah Goreh, Babu Padmanji, Chandra Lila and N. V. Tilak. What these have done others can do, and greater things too, if only, like them, they go to the Fountain of power and wisdom.

"Everything depends on whether our community is to be Christian in name only or in very deed; whether we seek great things for ourselves or are content to follow in the footsteps of our Master, and tread the way of the Cross, rejoicing in obscurity, contempt and even obloquy, so long as we are faithful in our stewardship. For my part, I believe we have a great future before us if only we are steadfastly loyal to our ideals."

Let other Christians take this stand rather than join in political agitation and the day of true pardon and righteousness will dawn in India.

COOPERATION IN PORTO RICO PORTO RICO exemplifies, probably as well as any country in the world, the advantages of the cooperation of Protestant bodies in Christian work.

With the exception of large cities, such as San Juan and Ponce, which are open territory for any denomination to enter, the Island is under the principles and agreements of comity, in accordance with which large areas and single places are assigned for care to a single denomination, thus preventing strife and competition and the waste of missionary money through the needless duplication of plant and effort. Speaking generally, the Congregationalists are responsible for the eastern end of the Island and the Presbyterians for the western end; the Methodists have a central position extending from the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

southwest to the northwest; the Baptists are central and north, the Christians are on the south from Ponce eastward, while the United Brethren are on the south from Ponce westward; the Disciples and Lutherans have fields on the north, the former extending from Bayamon southward, and the latter from Bayamon northward, including Catano, while the Christian and Missionary Alliance cultivates a strip of territory on the north westward from Bayamon.

This spirit of cooperation has resulted in the creation of "The Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico" at Rio Piedras, about seven miles out of San Juan, an institution which is supported by the cooperating denominations through the allocation of members of the teaching staff and the sharing of common expenses. At present the Dean of the seminary is a Presbyterian, one professor is a Baptist and another is a Methodist. The number of students is now twenty. This one seminary takes the place of several lesser, inadequately equipped schools, which the denominations were trying to maintain, one for each denomination. Students have a~cess to the classes of the Univ~rsity of Porto Rico, the campus of which is across the street from the seminary.

A conspicuous achievement by the cooperating denominations is the establishment and maintenance of a common Protestant religious weekly paper which has a circulation larger than any single paper or periodical, daily or weekly, published in the Island, with the exception of one illustrated weekly paper, which slightly exceeds it. This paper is published in Ponce.

The separate denominations have also separate pieces of work which, largely because of the spirit of cooperation, bear a peculiarly effective testimony throughout the Island and aid the work of all denominations. The Union Church at San Juan, housed in a substantial structure, represents both Methodists and Presbyterians, with members also from other denominations. It is self-sustaining, paying its pastor a salary which compares favorably with the salaries· paid in metropolitan pastorates. It contributed last year a thousand dollars equally divided, to the benevolences of the two denominations which it represents.

The Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan is the best hospital on the Island. It can accommodate seventy patients and has treated in a single year more than thirty-eight thousand patients, who throng its clinics. The Ryder Memorial Hospital at Humacatl, maintained by the Congregationalists, is beginning a similar work in the eastern end of the Island. The conviction was voiced in more than one place that hospitals should be multiplied in connection with missionary service.

The Robiuson Home for Girls in San Juan, maintained by the Methodists, affords admirable influences and training for about fifty girls. At San German the Presbyterians are planning a great Poly-

technic Institution, at which after a beginning eight years ago already two hundred young people are gathered, a number which could be greatly increased, if there were room for more. Students are learning to build in wood, stone and mortar, and how to acquire technical trades.

Not all the problems of the church in Porto Rico have been solved. Some of these are: 1. How shall the Ohurch help to develop a substantial, industrial middle class, without which a democracy can scarcely exist ~ Some Ohristian laymen might discover the opportunities in Porto Rico.

A commendable beginning in native church independence and self-support has been made. The rate of progress in this direction depends upon the development of a native leadership, both lay and clerical. It would be unfortunate to have the native church of Porto Rico inherit the sectarian differences, or even the sectarian nomenclature and terminology derived from other lands and other centuries.

The social conditions of the Island are improving. Out of some of the humblest homes in the rural districts issue women, particularly the younger ones, neatly and prettily dressed in what we would call American clothes, and young men are met in country roads, as well as in the city streets, who are clad in neat suits, who wear straw hats and clean shirts and collars.

Schools now appear almost everywhere, from the 1arge substantial structures of the cities, to the smaller, less expensive buildings in the villages and on the hillsides, all under the American flag. They are attended by hosts of well dressed, attractive, bright appearing children. Only about one-third of the children of school age are attending school, but the failure of the two-thirds to attend seems to be due to lack of accommodations rather than to lack of willingness.

The Gospel of ,Tesus Ohrist is the great need of Porto Rico, and must fit into the minds and souls of Porto Ricans so as to govern and transform their lives.

THE NEW WOMAN OF EGYPT I N THE Near East as well as in Asia the women are awaking to a new sense of their responsibility and their opportunities. Moslem women of the harems of Cairo have gone out to ha· rangue crowds in the streets in the interests of nationalism. It is difficult to estimate the results of a movement like this in Egypt, where 5,266,000 women out of 6,349,000 are illiterate. The masses of these women live in villages where there are no educational opportunities for them, but the 115,257 Egyptian women who can read and write are demanding recognition.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Mrs. T. J. Finney of the United Presbyterian Mission in Egypt writes in the" Woman's Missionary Magazine": "~While in all Egypt less than two per cent of the women can read and write, in Cairo a little over eleven per cent are educated to a more or less degree. Many women of the better classes, even though they cannot read, take an intelligent interest in the events of the times. Even with these, it is only with a small proportion of the women of Egypt we are left to deal; but these are in thl' capital, Alexandria, and the larger cities, and it is from these cities the country is influenced and governed.

"In Egypt with the birth of patriotism new national aspirations have opened up wonderful new thought. There has come the knowledge that there is a great world outside of Egypt, and with this knowledge, a desire to compete with this world, and to become a nation among nations. The most wonderful thing about it all is that a degree of religious tolerance, in a new sense has been brought about. If national recognition is to be deserved, then racial and religions bitterness between the component parts of that nation must go. The people must be educated and many reforms instituted. Thus it has come about that the new national sense has broken down barriers of race and religious prejudice that have existed for centuries between Moslems and Christians (Copts).

"Into all this new development, the women of Egypt have entered with great enthusiasm. In Cairo a large number of Coptic and Moslem ladies of the highest class are meeting to study together the betterment of social conditions and the general enlightenment of the people. They are laying great stress on the value of enlightened womanhood in the reconstruction of the nation. Women's clubs have been formed in the cities and the larger towns, whose aim is the uplift of the women and girls of the country. One such club in Cairo, called" The New Woman, " has a large membership of Coptic and Mohammedan women. At a bazaar, held by it recently, twenty thousand dollars was realized for a free school for girls of both religions. These clubs and their activities have been organized and man- aged altogether by the women themselves, without any outside help. Mauy of these high-class Moslem women possess, or have accepted Bibles and are eager to learn what is in them. One such woman a short while ago, on being told that much of the Koran had been taken from Christianity and that, in order to understand it, she ought to read the Bible, earnestly begged for a Bible class so that she and the women of her standing might be taught.

Not many years ago the educated Moslem was shocked at the idea of his daughter's needing an education. Now he wishes pathetically that his wife were educated so that she might take her place beside him.

BEING BAPTIZED AS CHRISTIANS AT BATANG BY LEE GWAY

O N SUNDAY, August 10th, an impressive baptismal service took place at Batang, Tibet, when thirty-one persons were baptized, including the two daughters of Dr. A. L. Shelton. Five were full-blooded Tibetans, seventeen were Chinese and others were of mixed descent.

One Chinese of the number had formerly made his living by fortune telling, a thing in which most of the people of Batang put great faith. He confessed that he had known this was false when he practiced it, but that he had done it merely to make money. Then he took his fortune-telling book and tore it to pieces before the crowd, saying, " You are foolish if you believe this, for I don't believe in it myself."

Another was the wife of the evangelist, Lee Gway Gwan, who baptized all the group. rrhis man had been taken into Dr. Shelton's home, almost a beggar, years ago, and has developed into an excellent preacher to his own people. He exerts a wide and helpful influence in Batang. On this occasion he addressed the new Christians as soldiers of Christ, reminding them that they must be prepared for warfare with Satan and his hosts; and exhorting them to pray, not only for themelves and for one another but most of all for those who persecute them.

'l'he day of the service was also an important day with the local priests, a day when their idol was brought out and all must hasten to worship it, or be in trouble with the priests. When about half way through the baptismal service the gong sounded, but not a person left to attend the idol service.

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AFRICA-THE

U nreached Fields of Central Africa H. K. W. KUMM, PH.D., SUMMIT, N. J.

General Secretary of the American Branch of the Sudan United Mission T HE backbone of the continent of Africa is the watershed be- tween the Nile, the Congo and the Shari- a watershed that until recently no white man had ever crossed. Five hundred miles to the north are the borders of the Sahara; five hundred miles to the east is the greatest swamp in the world, the Sud region of the Upper Nile; five hundred miles to the south lies the mighty sweep of the Horseshoe Bend of the Congo; and five hundred miles to the west the Shari Valley.

Here in the heart of the unexplored in Africa is the frontier line between Mohammedanism and Paganism-the line that stretches from the Senegal to Abyssinia. It is the largest unoccupied mission field in the world. The nearest mission station to the east is six hundred miles away; the nearest to the south lies beyond five hundred miles of virgin forest on the Congo; and the nearest to the north (beyond Darfur and Wadai and beyond the Sahara) is Tripoli on tho Mediterranean, two thousand miles away. The region is geographically known as the Central African Ironstone Plateau, one of the strategic centers for Christian work among non-Christian peoples.

435

The topography of this important region of Central Africa affects its healthfulness and accessibility. The plateau-lands of the interior, with the Mediterranean coast and South Africa, are the healthiest parts of the continent. 'White men have occupied British East Africa because it is seven thousand feet above sea-level. In Northern Nigeria, the Bukuru Plateau-the western extremity of the Central African Ironstone Plateau-is five thousand feet above sea- level. On it are found four of the tweuty-five stations of the Sudan United Mission and of the Church Missionary Society. South of Lake Chad lie ]l.lount Atlantik and the hills and dales of Adamawa, and south of Wadai extends the gTeat Central African watershed.

Between this vatershed and Adamawa the lands of the Shari are low- lying, and to the east of the watershed, between it and Abys- " sinia, are the swamps of the Upper Nile, but a large part of '., this' region is high and health- " fu1. It is bordered on the north '. by the Sahara. Sokoto, Kanem, "'IYadai, Darfur and Kordofall have a delightful climate for six months of the year, being swept by the 'winter breezes of the des- ert. Although there is a certain amount of malaria and sleeping sickness in the river valleys, the phlteau is free from these mal- adies.

The accessibility of an inland ".lP OP SUD4lo1 os country, unless roads ahd rail- ways have been constructed, de- THE SUDAN COMPARED WITH EUROPE pends upon navigable rivers, three of which traverse this country-the Niger, the Shari and the Nile. The Niger system, including the Benue, is navigable by river steamers fQr a thousand miles for six months of the year, the Shari for six hundred miles, and the Nile from Uganda to Berber and the Nubian Desert.

You can travel today by rail and river from the west coast to Tim- buctu. An up-to-date train will carry you inexpensively from Lagos to Kano in Northern Nigeria. "'IYhen the Cape to Cairo Railway has been completed, the stupendous scheme of Cecil Rhodes will be an accomplished fact.

The population of the Sudan belongs to two branches of the human family-the Hamitic and the Sudanese-the former including the Nubians, Bishareen and Hadendowa in the east, and the Fulanis in the west. These tribes were called Hamitic by Professor Lepsius,

MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARIES AMONG -THE DINKAS OF THE

the famous Egyptologist, to distinguish them from the Semitic peoples and the Bantus. They are lighter in color than the Negroessome of them copper-colored and some of them almost white. Their lips are thin, their noses frequently aquiline, and they are usually tall and slender. Their women sometimes approach the beautiful Grecian type. Their languages are not related to the Berber tongues or to Amharic (Abyssinia). The Hamitic peoples-some of whom may have been Christian in the early centuries-are now all Mohammedan. They are the ruling peoples in the Oentral African sultanates. Massena is as large as Pennsylvania, Gando as Wisconsin, Bornu is larger than New York, Bagirmi a little smaller than Ohio; Vladai is the size of Montana; Darfur equals the combined areas of Colorado, Kansas and Oklahoma. In none of these states is there a Ohristian missionary. "It is as if the United States had one missionary in Maine, one in Texas, and not a ray of light between, " says Professor Naylor in his" Daybreak in the Dark Continent."

South of these sultanates, with their Hamitic and Negro peoples, we find a conglomerate of pagan tribes speaking Sudanese languages, inhabiting the mountains and swamps that stretch like a chain across the continent. In many cases they have fortified their mountain fastnesses. They are brave and liberty-loving, and have maintained their independence and their fetish worship with poisoned spears and arrows in a war of five hundred years against the onslaught of the Mohammedan armies from the north.

When these tribes become Mohammedan they will be Moslem missionaries for the rest of Africa. One tribe which has already embraced Islam, has sent its representatives, as Moslem traders and propagandists to the Guinea Coast. If the strong, virile tribes of the Central African Plateau are won over to Islam the weaker forest and coast people will follow.

It is almost impossible to estimate the religious influence of the great Centml African sultanates-restrained for centuries by natural barriers, mountains, swamps and dense .forests, but now surmounted by highroads of trade and traffic-upon the pagan tribes of Central Africa.

Mohammedanism is anti-Christian and anti-progressive in its essence, and lands where Islam has been permitted to hold sway undisturbed for centuries show the utter failure of this religion to produce a high and stable type of civilization.

Africans may accept the Mohammedan faith more easily than they accept Christianity for the reason that Islam makes compromises, permits polygamy and other evils. But given a fair field and no political influence in favor of Islam, the Christian missionary need not fear the Moslem religious emissary. In Uganda where Mohammedan traders and teachers preceded the Christian missionary Christianity is today paramount. The Christian religion-the religion of

UNREACHED FIELDS OF CENTRAL AFRICA

love-is the most natural religion for the child, and for the childraces.

On entering the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from the west, on a journey across Africa in 1909, the Bongo chief explained that since the British occupation they had been compelled to permit Moslem traders to travel freely through their country. These traders were degrading their women; and the young boys of the tribe were learning the faith of Mahomet. The chief of the Kreish-a pagan only a few years before-had been on a pilgrimage to Mecca. The Bongo SOME MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS IN THE SUDAN chief asked for a Christian teacher; and the Kreish chief would still be prepared to welcome a white instructor.

The following are the most important tribes in the Sudan still without a Christian missionary: ANGl.o-EGYPTIAN SUDAN I I. The Shatt (Close to Tshaktshak) 12. The Mandala (North of Kos~ J . The Kreish 2. The Banda ~senga) 3. The Beir 4. The Bongo 13. The Jur 14. The Berta (Three sub-divisions s. The Shuli on Abyssinian frontier) 6. The Bari 7. The Makraka CENTRAl. SUDAN 8. The Bolanda (on Jur River) In Bonlu Province 9. The Ngoigolawa (at Kossenga) IS. The Bedde 10. The Golo 16. The Kerri-Kerri

17. The Bolawa 31. The Ekka 18. The Barbur 32. The M'bula 19. The Burra-Nyung 20. The Marghi In Adama'l.t'a 21. The Camerghu 22. The Buduma 33. The Kotoko 34. The Musgun In Muri Province 35. The Lam 23. The Gurkawa 36. The Rei Buba 24. The Ankoi 37. The M'bum ~5. The Gazum 26. The Montoil In the Shari Basin In Bauchi Province 38. The Ailim 27. The Burrumawa 39. The Sara 28. The Jarawa 40. The M'bai 41. The Dai In Kano Province 42. The M'bala 43. The Laka 29. The Maguzawa 44. The Baya 45. The Mandjia In Vola Province 46. The N'Duka 47. The N'gao 30. The Mumie The following language of these tribes should be reduced to writing: a. The Banda e. The M'bum b. The Kreish f. The Musgun c. The Sara g. The Rei Buba d. The Mandjia It is most important to stem the tide of Islam in Africa. A chain of Christian mission stations across the continent will 'only be a front line trench. It is a case of emergency, and unless the Ch~rch awakes and undertakes tho task she will be defeated in Africa.

What are Christians in America doing to meet this serious situation 1 This is not some isolated, negligible district; these are not somo far-off, unimportant tribes, but a vast region of nations that will make or mar the future of Africa. With the exception of two stations of the United Presbyterian Church in the Egyptian Sudan, and a few of the smaller denominations that have lately joined in the work of the Sudan United Mission, not one of the great denominat,ional societies of America holds a single post on this border-line of Islam. "There is no greater opportunity for noble missionary service and superb Christian heroism today than tho contest for the religious conquest of pagan Africa. "

It is time that missionary societies began to grapple with the problem of;the future of Central Africa. Ethiopia is stretching out her hands to God-the tribes are asking for teachers; Christ is stretching out His hands to Ethiopia. We may link those outstretched hands of the dusky children of the Dark Continent with the outstretched hands of the Christ.

the Sudan~Five Against Seven Hundred*

. BY MRS. D. S. OYLER, DOLEIB HILL, EGYPTIAN SUDAN Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church .' l,""""HE Dinka in the Egyptian Sudan is semi-nomadic, so that work among them is exceedingly difficult. For five or six months of the year they live near the river, to provide a graz- ing place for their cattle, and then when the rains come on, all the . villages are deserted for the people go inland to plant their fields of kaffir corn. Such conditions necessitate a change of location every year. Three young missionaries located at Melut, which appeared more of a center than any other place.

THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION DrSPENSARY. MELUT, EGYPTIAN SUDAN Dr. Trudinger has many Arab patients from the village of Melut and the majority of his patients are Dinkas. He has had unusual success in surgical cases even though they are performed under difficult conditions. One strong, well-built young fellow from a distant village, who was suffering from a large goitre, told the doctor that he did not mind the pain, but he wanted it to be removed because all the girls refused to marry him. The doctor was without proper equipment so that the operation had to be performed in the open, but "The Australian branch of the Sudan United Mission began its work about seven years ago, at Melut. in the Upper Nile Province of the Sudan. The original workers consisted of three young men, one of whom was a doctor, and their thought was to use Melut as a base, and work among the inland Dinkas.

441

it proved successful, and subsequently the young man was able to find a girl who would marry him.

The Sudan presents a great opportunity for medical work. In its fourteen great provinces there are only four missionary doctors at the present time, two of whom have charge of a hospital in Omdurman, under the Church Missionary Society. During the past months a new doctor has arrived, and he will be located near the Uganda border. Dr. Trudinger is the only doctor working among the pagan tribes in the southern Sudan, who has had any practical experience among natives.

On the other hand it is doubtful if there is a village in the southern Sudan that does not have a witch doctor. Each of them is opposed to mission work for the same reason that the sorcerers opposed the Apostle Paul in his work.

In the Upper Nile province, in which Melut is located, Dr. Trudinger is the only representative of the Australian Mission. In the same province, the American Mission (United Presbyterian) has four workers, three ministers, and one industrial missionary. These are working among the Shullas and Nuers. In this district there are seven hundred licensed traders, each a missionary for Mohammedanism. In this territory as large as the state of Iowa are seven hundred Mohammedan missionaries, as against five missionaries of Christ. With God's blessing on the five workers they may become as powerful as Gideon's band in opposing the Midianites.

SOME RESULTS OF MISSIONS IN AFRICA When an African becomes a Christian he wants to be decent and wants to have his wife and children properly housed, clothed, fed and educated.

The missionary establishes Christian homes, schools, churches and industries. These affect the commercial and political relations and aspirations of the African, as well as his religious life.

If business men should pay all the cost of missions in Africa, the investment would be worth the cost even from a financial point of view.

Medical missions are among the greatest needs and the greatest forces for the uplift of Africa. Sleeping sickness alone has destroyed 65 per cent of the people in some districts.

There are only twenty-six Protestant medical missionaries for 80,- 000,000 Moslems and pagans in Africa. Medical missionaries are called "Makers·of-people-glad." .

Africa heeds teachers-280,OOO are required to supply one for every fiftv children in Central Africa alone.

– There is in Africa only one missionary on the average to every 133,- 000 people.

Fields in

BY H. C. TUCKER Agent of the American Bible Society, Author of "The Bible in Brazil"

T HE Evangelical Christendom, London, says in an editorial on "The Spiritual State of South America": "Bishop Every, who has for many years been Anglican Bishop in South America, says, 'There is unfortunately no question as to the debased moral atmosphere of Latin American lands, and it is impossible not to hold the Church largely responsible. There is no Christian or partially Christian public opinion. Integrity and clean living are not expected. Honor and truth are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance to vice. . . . Among the mass of educated men faith is dead. Religion is a matter of custom, not conviction.' There is much more'of the same sad summarizing in the Bishop's words, which constitute a call to missionary effort that cannot be ignored. Yet the Bishop, while lamenting that the Anglican Church in England cannot emulate the action of the American Church in Brazil, dwells on the peculiar difficulties of evangelizing the nominal Roman Catholic population, which is the material close at hand."

Lord Bryce has recently said, "South America, which has hitherto, except at rar~ intervals, stood outside, has now begun to affect the commercial and financial movements of the world. She may before long begin to affect its movements in other ways also, and however little we can predict the part her peoples will play, it must henceforth be one of growing significance for the Old W orId as well as for the New."

The speedy evangelization and Christian up-building of the peoples of South America must be the determining factor of the nature and extent of the influence this continent is to exercise in the future history of the world.

Of great importance are the Neglected Fields of Brazil. Let us in the first place try to define these fields. First, there are the numerous unreached tribes of wild Indians scattered over a vast territory in the interior of Brazil; then there is a large population living in country settlements and villages remote from railroads and the influences of modern progress; and there are still certain classes of individuals in the large cities, the centers of education and industry, to whom no adequate presentation of the Gospel message has yet been made.

Let us· briefly consider these fields in the order indicated. So far as territory and certain problems of a more material nature are 443

concerned the field of the wild Indians in Brazil is the largest and most difficult to be occupied and cultivated.

In the year 1889, I made my first journey of more than a thou- sand miles up the Amazon River and had occasion to go short dis- tances up a few of its numerous tributaries. I wrote at that time in my diary, "One of the chief sections of the country inhabited by the wild Indians is the great interior highlands and the valleys of the Amazon and its tributaries. Much of this territory has never been explored, and no one knows how many souls there are waiting yet to be Christianized and civilized. Persons who have been among some of the tribes and over parts of the country, estimate them at from four hundred thousand to two millions. Judging from the (;xtent of the territory and some facts given recently by German ex?lorers, a reasonable estimate of the number of Indians through all Brazil would be nearly a million and a half. These explorers reported the discovery of seven new tribes of peaceable and industrious Indians in the hitherto unexplored valley of Xingu River. If all the unknown regions were carefully" explored it might be revealed that we have even more than a million of dusky relatives in these wilds who have never yet seen the light or felt the influences of Ohristianity and modern civili",ation.

"The greater part of these people know nothing of the true God and His Son Jesus Ohrist as revealed in the Holy Scriptures. They never use the word Father in connection with their deities, but always Mother,-Mother of the living, Mother of vegetable life, Mother of reproduction,-and thus the MariQlatry of Rome, Mother of God, found an easy introduction. They seem to have no conception of Satan. There are evidences that they believe in immortality. When a corpse is buried they deposit pots containing food; also the firearms of the dead that he may provide himself with game. In the valley of the Amazon some tribes bury their dead in their huts, in the hope that they may be visited while they are asleep by the spirits of those who loved them. These facts and others go to prove that they have some faint ideas of a future life, but one far from the Ohristian's hope of a blessed immortality. I was told that many of those who had been taught to work were bought and sold by the rubbe:t: gatherers and others just as African slaves used to be. One man said to me that he had seven Indian boys employed on a small boat on a trip up one of the rivers and was offered about $150 apiece for them."

I have had occasion to return to the Amazon twice since that time; and further investigations and observations have impressed me with the wide and needy fields for missionary endeavor and enterprise far up the numerous tributaries of this great river system reaching into the heart of Brazil. The Republics of Bolivia and Peru await the Ohristian Ohurch.

NEGLECTED FIELDS IN BRAZIL

A personal friend of mine in Brazilian government service recently spent some time in surveying and locating an agricultural and industrial project far up the waters of the Rio Branco; he was deeply impressed with the conditions and needs of the Indians in that section and told me that he was convinced that there is great opportunity for an industrial Christian Mission among those red men of the forest.

The marvelous achievement of American engineering and sanitary skill in building the Madeira-Marmore Railroad through the swamps and around the falls, a distance of 220 miles to the borders of Bolivia, commands the admiration of all. I know from personal observation and acquaintance with some of the engineers, constructors and doctors of that great enterprise that their kindness to the Indians has made a profound impression and won confidence. This of itself is an asset for the Christian missionaries who may seek to establish work among these men, and lead them on into the knowledge and enjoyment of the love of Christ.

The Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition across the wilds of Brazil in 1914 awakened interest concerning some of the tribes that inhabit that almost unexplored region. Colonel Rondon, who has accomplished a remarkable piece of work in locating a government telegraph line from Matto Grosso on the La Plata side to the Madeira in the Amazon valley, has for a number of years been taking a growing interest in the Indians of the unexplored interior. In the year 1909 he obtained the first definite information concerning a tribe known as the Arikemes. For two years efforts were made to establish relations with them, and in 1911 the rubber gatherers were able to have friendly intercourse with this Arikeme tribe. A report given by Colonel Rondon indicates that these Indians have shown remarkable capacity and readiness to learn the ways of civilized man. Unfortunately the methods used by some who sought intercourse with them have been disastrous and degrading. Colonel Rondon was horrified with the situation when he went into the territory of the Arikemes in 1913 and at once set to work to counteract and remove the evils. Colonel Rondon succeeded in locating ele~en different tribes, and by showing kindness and love for them has been able to start work of an industrial and civilizing nature.

I have been in sections inhabited by the Indians in Bahia and Minas Geraes, Espirito Santo, Parana and Santa Catharina, and have learned something of the efforts that the government has made from time to time for civilizing and uplifting these Aborigines; my observations however lead me to the conclusion that in the absence of the evangelical Christian motive and basis very little of permanent value and blessing is accomplished.

The second neglected field of Brazil of which I know is an extensive region of country, between the forests inhabited by the wild

Indians and the narrow section of the Republic bordering the seacoast and served by railroads extending a short distance inland. The population of several millions in this field is composed chiefly of descendants of the Portuguese and domesticated Indians with a considerable mixture of Negroes. Many of them are descendants of Indian and Negro concubines and slaves that the early Portuguese adventurers and settlers took from these primitive races. Very few of them can read, and their modes of living and their customs are most rude and primitive. They are settled in small villages and scattered in remote settlements over vast regions of country extending the whole length of the Republic. Together with the colporteurs of the American Bible Society, I have made extensive journeys through this field. The people are generally peaceful, kind, hospitable, indolent, self-satisfied and indifferent as regards the advantages of the wealth-accumulating, modern world. They are backward and undeveloped; their religion is a strange mixture of some of the traditions and rites of Roman Catholicism, the paganism of the Indians, and the fetichism that Negroes brought over from Africa. There are among them famous shrines of miracle-working images; the people make and perform vows to these images with conviction and fidelity. They make long pilgrimages to pay their vows and deposit their offerings at the feet of their gods. A few years ago I visited one of these shrines, the famous Born Jesus de Lapa, and learned many interesting things about the place. The altar is in a grotto which has been enclosed and fitted up somewhat in the style of a church. The irregular walls are thickly hung with figures of hands, feet and other parts, as well as some of the whole body, representing cures of wounds, the bites of snakes and poisonous insects, and all manner of diseases and deformities. There are also figures of animals that were likewise supposed to have been cured of poisonous bites. The devotees made vows that if healed they would make these figures hang as so many testimonials to the power of the image.

Pilgrimages to the temple were not large or very frequent until about 1860. From that date they began to increase; and it is estimated that as many as 25,000 perilons have gone annually to worship at this shrine. It is believed to possess extraordinary healing power, which accounts for the almost incredible statement, that in a region so sparsely settled 25,000 pilgrims would come annually to worship. These poor devotees have contributed from $8,000 to $10,000 a year in votive offerings to the image. The iron box at its feet is ever ready to receive all contributions. Born Jesus de IJapa, in the year 1874, owned three farms well stocked with cattle and horses, a number of slaves, and $50,000 in cash. Before the emancipation act of 1888 it had freed all the slaves, but it is still in possession of the farms, and always has plenty of ready cash on hand.

These shrines and miracle-working images are scattered all through the country and hold powerful sway in the religious thought and life of the masses of the people.

On journeys in the interest of the Bible work I have visited many sections and sought definite information concerning the inhabitants of this great neglected field. In one village of about one hundred and fifty inhabitants I found only three persons who could read. One of these was a visitor from a distant settlement; there was a rude little church in the village, but the people told me they had not seen a priest for seven years. Many similar incidents might be cited to set forth the real conditions of life in which these millions are living, waiting for the dawn of a better day.

And now we come to the third section of the great neglected field. In the enlightened, educated, progressive parts of the country, near the coast, along the railroads, in commercial and industrial centers, there are multitudes of the educated, refined and governing classes to whom as yet no adequate presentation of the claims of Christ and His Gospel have been made. They have long since lost faith in the form and practices of religion prevalent in the country, and not having had the Bible and pure Christianity specially pressed upon their attention, they have drifted away from all serious religious conviction and thought, and have fallen into indifference and all manner of unbelief and skepticism.

The methods of work that the evangelical missions have been able to carryon up to the present, have not provided special agencies adapted to reach and attract the people of these circles.

The student circles in several centers are large and growing. The Young Men's Christian Association might provide for special work to reach and evangelize them. There should be an evangelical ministry, and literature adapted to attract interest and minister to the needs of these large classes of students, and of the educated, prosperous and influential people who move in spheres of social and intellectual life, not yet specially invaded by the missionary and native ministry.

Experience and observation indicate that these students and the educated classes are not always entirely indifferent as to matters of religion and the Bible. I may quote here a sentence or two from a report of one of our colporteurs handed in a few days ago. I urged him to make special effort to try to circulate the Bible among the student body of the city of Rio de Janeiro. We made the suggestion a matter of earnest prayer and he came in later and handed me this statement: "In the School of Law on Floriano Peixoto Street in a few days, I sold about 40 Bibles and a number of copies of the Psalms. Among a large number of young men I have noted some interest and high appreciation of the moral and religious value of the Bible notwith-

standing their lack of confidence owing to their Roman Catholic education. What has greatly impressed and surprised me has been the ready acceptance with which this precious book has been received by them.

"The last three days among the young men in the Medical School during the four hours daily that they remain in the lobbies of the school, I have been surrounded by a large group of students examining the book, reading, discussing, and making comparisons. It was notable that one large class, with the exception of three or four young men, bought Bibles, even the President of the school himself bought a copy. One thing that strikes me favorably is that during all these years that colporteurs ·have worked assiduously among the people of the city, I have never known a time when the people showed such deep interest in the reading of this Book. Can it be that we are in the very beginning of a great religious awakening¥ God permit that it may be so; and may He richly bless our humble friends. "

An increasing number of young men from this field -are going to the United States to be educated, where many of them are brought under religious influences and convictions. Returning home they find no special evangelical Christian work among the classes of society to which they belong and consequently soon drift with the current of indifference and worldliness.

If there was a mission and ministry to the circles in society to which they belong, these students would find a congenial atmosphere on their return to Brazil and would be a valuable acquisition to the Christian forces. It would not be an easy matter to overstate the case of this part of the neglected field and to urge the claims of these millions who are largely guiding the destiny of the nation.

The needs of these three neglected sections of the great Neglected Field, from the wild interior outward to the enlightened and progressive coast might be reversed in order and emphasis put upon the method of the work and its beneficial and logical results among the educated, governing and progressive classes. They in turn might become missionary in spirit and practice, and find a large opportunity in the interior for their service and gifts. Whatever the methods that may be thought wisest, the claims of the three sections are strong and perhaps all three phases of the problem should be attacked at the same time.

"It is of supreme importance that the churches move together. The international responsibility of the Church is so vast, so difficult and so urgent that nothing less than united plan and action will avail. "-John R. Mott.

I~SlDE THE STAR OF HO PE MISSION, PATERSON, N. J

The Star of Hope in Paterson BY PETER STAM, JR., PHIl,ADELPHIA, PA.

PETER STAM was born in Holland, the son of a country inn- keeper. While he as sisted in the inn he became an agile bil- liard player, an expert drink-mixer, and an amateur actor on the country stage. His father, besides being an ilill-keeper, conducted a ship-dismantlin g busin ess, and the son shared man y a perilous journey over the North Sea in convoying homeward disabl ed ships.

At the age of twenty-three the young man carne to America in search of adventure and" to make his fortune." In order to learn the English language quickly, he settled in an American community and later moved to Paterson, New J ersey. He was, in succession, a mason's laborer, a jewelry peddler, a printer, a silk-finish er and a carpenter.

On one of his jewelry-peddling trips he met a quiet Christian young lady, also from Holland, who led him to the Saviour and who after wards became his wife. A woman in Hackensack also helped him by giving him it Holland-English Testament. After his marriage the Lord prospered him .and in ten to fifteen years he had a large business as builder, lumber dealer and real estate agent.

About fifteen years ago, ~th a group of workers, he b~gan to hold monthly meetings in the Paterson almshouse and later added meetings in the county jail, in hospitals, rescue hom es, and in the open air. The officials in charge of the institutions saw the value of his work and gave him their cooperation.

449

At these meetings there have been some remarkable conversions. "Old John" a notorious silk mill robber, listened in his prison cell to the speaking and singing; he was convicted of sin, and confessed to several robberies of which he had not been suspected. After his prison term, John joined the church and has constantly witnessed to his Saviour for more than five years.

As Mr. Starn prospered and his interest in mission work grew, the desire became stronger to devote his entire life and money to the Lord's work, and he gradually devoted less time to business until in 1919 he sold out his lumber yard and established the first "Star of Hope Mission" about five years ago in a small rented room in the Jewish section of Paterson. This has since moved to new quarters. Then a larger vision opened before him. After prisoners were released from jail they found the world hostile and no home awaiting them. Realizing the need of a suitable place to take care of those who wished an opportunity to do better, Mr. Starn determined to build an ideal mission home, with full provisions for giving material as well as spiritual help to those in need.

An old livery stable, cobwebbed and rat-infested, was in some months utterly transformed into a modern plant worth $50,000. On the first floor is a large and commodious auditorium, with piano, choir gallery, and seats for about 600 people. There is also a reading room, reception hall, office, clothes dispensary, and garage for a Gospel auto for open-air work. On the second floor is a sewing room, a suite of six rooms for the assIstant missionary and his family, a disinfecting room, bath room, and twelve bed rooms, available for those worthy of support.

There are five or six regularly paid workers, augmented in summer by others who help in the out-of-doors meetings. There are also many volunteer speakers, singers and players. Mr. Stam has been successful in getting many laymen interested. Missionary volunteers have been raised up for other fields. In the last few years, twenty-four young people have through its influence decided to give their lives to the work of Christ, one of whom has gone to Africa, one to South America, and others are engaged in Paterson, Chicago, Grand .Rapids and elsewhere.

One of the recent annual reports gives some idea of the large work done by the mission: Meetings held during the year-in prison, 73; almshouse, 39; isolation hospital, 10; Holland Home, 7; Florence Crittenton Home, 5; Gypsy Camp, 3 ; regular meetings in Star of Hope, 148; Sabbath School, 43; sewing class, 23; open air meetings, 50; mission meetings in churches, 5; funeral services among foreigners, 4.

Visits made-in prison, 48; almshouse, 8; hospital, 41; caIls at homes of prisoners, indifferent, sick, strangers, etc., 788.

H. Wyburn-A Friend

Late Superintendent of the McAt~ley Water Street Mission BY ERNEST D. PIERSON, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK T HE earth-life of John H. Wyburn, the friend of the friendless, of the despised and rejected of men, closed on March 17, 1921, at the McAuley Water Street Mission, which has been for over twenty years the center of his untiring labors for God and humanity. His memory will not soon fade from the hearts of the thou- sands in America and England whom he helped to raise from degradation to righteousness. Many of these men, saved from the slavery of sin to enjoy the freedom of God, have dedicated their new life to saving others. They have entered the ministry and evangelistic work, they were called to di- rect missions in various parts of the country, while many are en- gaged in. Christian and rescue work in their own communities.

So the seed sown in McAuley Mission has been carried far and wide, and has brought forth con- stant and abundant harvests. John H. Wyburn was himself a regenerated man. For some years during his early manhood he had lived in the bondage of strong drink. He knew what it meant to fall from a comfortable estate, to lose all that men hold JOHN H. WYBURN most dear and to sound the depths of want and despair. It might have been said of him in those bitter years, as Dante's fellow-citizens said of him, that he had vis- ited hell. '1'he remembrance of those sad, never forgotten experi- ences, made John Wyburn tender towards erring humanity and espe- cially for the weaker ones who fell and fell again. "We never give a man up in Water Street" he often said, and would mention certain men who had again and again succumbed to temptation but who eventually won out and are today consistent Christian workers. No man is a hopeless case, though the world may consider him beyond saving. The immortal element within him is only drugged, or sleeping, and the Spirit of God is able to revivify and transform his whole being.

The "House of Miracles" is a name well justified by the history 451

of Water Street Mission. Here the halt and the lame are made to walk, the blind to see, men are even raised from the dead. Many down there tell every night the story of their redemption. It seems incredible that these prosperous-looking men have been transformed from the wastage of society. Infidels attracted to the mission out of curiosity, if. they did not come to scoff, have remained to pray.

"vVhat impresses me most about the converts of the McAuley Mission is the happiness they find in serving God," said a distinguished visitor. "So many Christians seem to take religion sourly, and do not get real joy out of it as you do here."

John H. vVyburn was a happy man, and he generated sunshine wherever he went. The heart-breaking trials and disappointments of rescue-mission work were never allowed to cloud his hopes. His patience was infinite and his faith never wavered. He had himself come successfully through discouraging and backsliding experiences, so that he did not despair of others.

John H. Wyburn was born in Taunton, England, on March 17, 1858, and came to America at the age of nineteen. He entered the grocery business and was so successful that in a few years he was in a fair way to acquire wealth. He joined a Baptist church and was pressed into active work in the Sunday-school as secretary and assistant librarian. As he afterwards acknowledged, his religion had not touched him deeply for he had joined the church as a respectable thing for a business man to do. He had not accepted Christ as his personal Saviour, Friend, and Master of his life. As a result he fell away and drink gradually acquired a mastery over him. He was generous-hearted, and fond of gay companionship. Those who choose the easiest w~ do not readily learn that the flowery fetters that seem so easy to sever, in time become bands of steel that grow heavier day by day until the poor victim loses power to escape by his own. strength. So the time came when John Wyburn was helpless in the grip of the habit that was ruining his life. He sometimes disappeared for months so that his family were obliged to advertise for him. It was during one of these disappearances that his business was taken away from him on the ground that he was a habitual drunkard. When he found that the courts had practically pronounced him an outlaw he plunged more deeply into dissipation in order to forget. One daythirty-two years ago–a convert of the McAuley Mission gave him a letter of introduction to S. H. Hadley as a man who would help him. John Wyburn knew nothill'g then of the McAuley Mission, or that Mr. Hadley was then the superintendent, but thought that here was perhaps an opportunity to make a strike for ten dollars. Mr. Had- ley was not at home when the wretched drunkard called, so he spent the afternoon wandering about trying to borrow money. Fortunately he did not obtain much for his remaining friends were few, and in the evening he found his way back to the Water Street Mission. He

JOHN H. WYBURN-A FRIEND INDEED

awoke from a heavy sleep in the chapel, still clutching the letter of introduction to Mr. Hadley. What occurred at the interview when he presented his letter is best described in Mr. Wyburn's own words:* "After Mr. Hadley read the letter through he said, 'Well, what can I do for you?' I told him that I wanted to get sobered up so that I could go back to my business. 'And is that all you want?' he asked. A moment later, his face beaming with light and love, he said, 'What you need, dear brother, is Jesus Christ as your Friend and Saviour; He will sober you up and you will never want another drink.' I accepted his invitation to stay for the meeting."

Mr. Wyburn never forgot that meeting which "turned his life around," led to his regeneration and made him the instrument under God of saving many who had fallen like himself. The testimonies of saved men heard that night brought him comfort and hope; here was what he needed, here was a cure for all his ills. But a victory over self was not won at once. His story is: "I went to the penitent form at the close of the meeting, and the devil followed me every step of the way. When I got down on my lrnees to pray, he very vividly brought to my mind myoid life of unbelief, and he said, 'What's the use of your praying? You don't believe in prayer anyhow.' I got up and down, up and down several times, but the victory was finally won and sweet deliverance came to me-victory through the might and power of the blessed blood of Jesus, and from that moment I have never wanted a drink of whiskey. Just before this every drop of blood in my veins was crying out for whiskey. It had b~en impos- sible for me to satisfy the craving. But Jesus had taken me at my word the very second I said 'I will.' The old life passed away and Jesus came into my heart and life and made it impossible for me to drink. A new man in Ohrist Jesus does not want whiskey and though I suffered the tortures of the damned-and while it seemed as if all the demons in hell were tugging at my life-yet Jesus was with me all night long. It was the most strenuous fight I ever had. The devil was after my soul. He had me once, 'tis true, but he let me go and he can't have me any more. From that time I have been a free man in Ohrist Jesus."

Mr. Wyburn determined from that hour to devote his life to the rescue of others who had fallen through drink. He developed a passionate desire to save souls, and after a few years in the ranks of rescue mission workers became Superintendent of the Bowery Mission. In 1899 he resigned to go out West but returned to New York in 1900 to become Mr. Hadley's assistant at the McAuley Mission. On the latter's death he was elected to the office of superintendent and so continued until he was called Home.

•Tohn Wyburn's qualities endeared him to all with whom he was brought in contact. He was of a kind-hearted disposition with an eager and unfailing sympathy for all who were in trouble.

-To1d by Philip I. Roberts, in "The Dry Dock of a Thousand Wrecks" (Flemlng H. Revell Company). 3

His patience was often sorely tested but his sunny smile was full of benevolence and love, and carried with it a blessing that warmed the heart. He was modest and retiring, shunning the limelight, yet somehow he dominated the scene wherever he was. His company was inspiring and ennobling, you were conscious of spiritual poverty and yearned to be a better man. He captured the hearts of men by soft approaches and not by storming the citadel which is often the way, and effective, with some evangelists. At the services in the mission he encouraged the converts to lead while he took an inconspicuous position. But "where he sat was the head of the table."

Mr. Wyburn owed much during the strenuous years of struggle at the McAuley Mission to the unfailing stimulus and the cooperation of Mrs. Wyburn, and of his daughter Elizabeth. His wife shared his enthusiasm, his eagerness to save souls, and their home in the mission building was a social center where all were welcomed. Here the young convert struggling painfully up the slope towards the light found himself in a different atmosphere from that which he had known in his years of wandering away from the decencies of life. This happy Christian household reminded him of a home, of a wife forsaken, and awakened dreams that the joys of the past might again be realized. As a result, many families were reunited after long years through the kind offices of the superintendent and his faithful wife, and way~ard boys long lost returned to the mother and the fireside to which they had been so long strangers.

In Flanders and France and other lands of the Allies stately monuments arise to the fame of great soldiers, the captains of marching men, conspicuous for bravery and in the arts of destruction. A modest stone in Greenwood marks the last resting place of a great soldier of Christ who saved thousands in His Name. He lives in their hearts today. There can be no nobler memorial.

o LI'L' LAMB By PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR, The Negro Poet o tell de Shepud whaih you hide; o Ii'!' lamb out in de col', He woaInit'l'yloaumbw!alkin' by His side, De Moalsit'al'hlacmalbl !you to de fol', He know you weak, He know you so'; He hyeah you bleatin' on de hill; o But come, don't stay away no mo,' Comoe hyeah an' keep yo' mo'nin' still. liT lamb I li'l'lambl An' atah while de lamb he hyeah De Mastah sen' de Shepud fo'f; De Shepud's voice a-callin' c1eah- o He wandah Souf, he wandah No'f, Sweet Ii'!' lamb! liT lamb!

He answah from de brambles thick, He wandah Eas,' he wandah Wes'; "0 Shepud, Ise a-comin' quick,"- The owiIni''!'al-armenbc!hin' at his breas', Yo' Ii'!' lamb! (

A Doctor's Experience in West

"Y BY DR. H. L. WEBER, EFULAN, KAMERUN, WEST AFRICA OUNG man, what are you going to do with your life ~" was the question that D. L. Moody put to me one day years ago as we came down from" Round Top." "Give it to the Lord in foreign service," was my reply. "Have you ever won any souls to Christ ~" was his next inquiry. "No," I replied. ,'Vell, " said he, "if you can't win them in America, don't expect to do it in the foreign field."

That was an ice bath to my ardent young enthusiasm, nevertheless I realized the practical truth of his statement, and it stuck in my soul like a barbed arrow.

A few years later, when I had completed my medical course and was leaving for a hospital internship, a friend remarked, "What an opportunity for souls you will have!" Here was another thrust in the same sensitive spot. From that time foreign field thoughts and ambitions were inseparably linked up with those two remarks. Not long afterward I was face to face with a young man who was soon going out into eternity, without a knowledge of the Way of Life. As I realized the situation and my responsibility I had not a few of Jonah's symptoms as he fled from His Nineveh duty. Vhen I would fain talk with the boy about his soul, Satan had my thoughts and lips glued fast. In desperation I went to my room and prayed. In distress of soul I cried to the Lord for this young man's salvation, and when the victory was won, it would be difficult to say whether the lad or I was the happier. One pledge I made with the Lord: "That if this was a taste of the joy of soul-winning, then no patient of mine should face death without having had the Opportunity of Life offered to him.

Last year's report of Efulan Medical Mission station contains the item: "Of the non-Christian patients entering the Schauffier Hospital eighty-four per cent. became followers of Christ before leaving. The Christian patients have also found a closer walk with their Master while in the hospital. "

This has been accomplished through prayer, for the first aim of the medical staff in dealing with patients is to give them a cure that will last. Every non-Christian is sick with a very deadly disease which it is our chief concern to heal. The Great Physician left a prescription that has lost none of its potency, and still has mighty life-giving-power. It is: "If you live in Me, and My words live in you, ask what you will and it shall be done unto you."

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A man by name Mejap, who for years had lived near to the mission and had availed himself of its medical advantages, still retained his old superstitions, and was content to keep his numerous wives. One day a member of a little band suggested that we pray for him, together with about a dozen other hard cases. As the weeks and months passed some of these men began to line up on the side of Christ, but Mejap obstinately resisted every advance. We continued to pray until he was the last of the dozen still unconverted. The doctor was leaving for America on furlough. Mejap lay sick. The last professional call was being made and the matter of his spiritual condition was faced, when old Mejap, weak and trembling, sat up on his bed. Between gasps for breath he said to the crowd gathered, "I want to say to you all that today I confess Jesus as my Saviour and it is a real thing with me. " The exigencies of war carried old Mejap far into another tribe. Returning enfeebled after months of trial and sickness his testimony was: "God truly saved, kept, and brought me back to my own people, and I shall follow Him in a real following," and he kept his promise.

Some of the means we use with our patients are: tactful persistence, feeding them on the Word of God in morning prayers, in meetings adapted to their understanding and needs, and volunteer testimonies from some of their own number. We talk to them alone individually and pray for them by name, often letting them know of it. We talk or pray with everyone coming to the operating table, and we give Christ the credit for all medical and spiritual successes. In crises when all scientific means have failed many have been brought through by intercession and are urged to give their lives to God in recognition of that fact. Upon all our patients we lay the pleasurable burden of bringing the Good News to their own people as they return home. We have the Word of God ready for use in the shape of a pocket edition of essential verses.

In this way bodies wrecked and decayed with disease take on a new meaning, when back of the putrifaction one can see a precious soul for whom the Saviour died. The one thing that makes the work constantly new and ever inspiring, even in the face of loathsomeness, is not the bringing of physical relief alone, but much more, the giving of Eternal Life. Why should any mission worker patch up an old hulk and stow no eternal merchandise in the hold?

Every native assistant should be so spiritually equipped as to be able to render" first aid" to the soul as well as to the body of a patient.

A short time ago there was relayed in a hammock from town to town for seventy miles to this station a human being so ugly and disfigured by disease that no town through which she passed would consent to this poor invalid remaining in it even for a moment. So repulsive was she that men declined to touch the hammock pole, and

A DOCTOR'S EXPERIENCE IN WEST AFRICA

consigned the job to the women of each town through which she came. We received her in the hospital and healed her poor body, but could not think it right to send her back home with the same loathsome disease of soul. She was doubly cured by the Great Physician, and the joy light shone from her poor old scarred face.

A tumor mass of seventy-six pounds was removed from its owner. Should a follower of Christ be expected to simply relieve a man or woman only of such a physical weight, and leave a greater burden on the heart? The Great Physician had a purpose in His healings.

To win souls on the foreign field, or anywhere else, a worker must be "connected.up," and he must" get-on-the-job." With all personal obstructions removed the results will be in proportion to his earnest intercession and faithful witness.

Some time ago a mass of corruption, named Ela, was taken into the hospital, a tough old heathen. We finally brought him into physical condition for a much needed operation, but twenty-four hours before the time set for the operation we discovered he had leprosy. The question arose, should we operate upon a leper, or should he be sent away immediately. The former course involved grave dangers to the medical staff and others; the latter would mean long years of living death, as well as a grievous disappointment to one of Christ's newly born, for Ela had accepted Christ sometime after his arrival in the hospital. We consulted the Great Physician and received the assurance of His protection. We operated successfully and later the leper's wife and son also became Christians, and all returned home healed in heart. Was the risk worth while?

Few patients resent the honest and tactful effort of a physician or nurse for their spiritual welfare. They welcome the Master's touch upon their lives in crises of sickness and disease. Wisdom is demanded in the selection of the tackle, and skill in its use. A good general rule is: Hook one at a time, and alone. A crowd spoils fishing. A movement or sound will often foil your effort and lose the catch. For bait, nothing compares with the adapted Word of God.

One morning I was called from the breakfast table to interfere in a palaver involving some widows whose husband had died during the night. The male relatives according to custom were about to force the widows away into indescribable cruelty and brutality. As I stood urging them not to wreak their vengeance and ugliness upon the innocent women, I was prompted to speak to two of the leaders who were standing apart from the rest, sullen and angry. Stepping up to them I said, "Would you mind coming into the dispensary 7" As I passed my medical assistant I said, "Take one of these men," and he knew what I meant. Sitting beside Esibikua and pointing out the words (he could not read), substituting the man's name in place of "he" I began to read the passage, "If Esibiklla believes on the Son of God, he has eternal Hfe, but if Esibikua obeys not the Son he

shall not see life, but the anger of God rests on Esibikua." At this point he interrupted me by saying: "I want to say something." Then he poured out an exceptional heart burden and hunger. During the preceding afternoon and far into the night Esibikua had witnessed his tribal brother as he had wilfully rejected every advance and effort that the medical staff, Christian patients, and others had made for his salvation. Esibikua said: "I am not a fool to be lost as my brother was, I want to confess Jesus right now." He then told me how his five wives had kept him from taking this step, and added, "Not one of them is a Christian and I want a Christian wife to help me," so we both kneeled down and asked the Lord to' supply this need.

While Esibikua was accepting Christ in the operating room, the other man was taking Him as Saviour in the drug room. Ten days after Esibikua had returned home he came back and entered the hospital for a minor operation. The following Sunday afternoon at the close of a little Gospel service with the patients, I asked if anyone wanted to accepted Christ as his Saviour, and Esibikua's favorite wife responded. Upon leaving the hospital the man said to me, "Jesus is real, isn't He? He gave exactly what we asked."

If Jesus Christ is not so real that our requests are His desire then it must be that our connection is broken.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT AFRICA Nearly one-fourth of the land area of the globe is in Africa. Africa is large enough to include the United States, the British Isles, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Argentina, China, India and several Belgiums and Spains.

The population of Africa is about equal to that of North America. Every ninth person in the world lives in Africa.

The black race doubles once in forty years. The white race doubles once in eighty years.

Africa's coast line is equal to the distance around the world. There are 40,000 miles of navigable rivers and lakes-equal to thirteen times the distance from New York to San Francisco.

Africa has now 25,000 miles of railroad, but needs forty times this mileage to have the same proportion as America.

All of Africa, with the exception of Liberia and Abyssinia, is under the control of European governments.

Africa supplies more copper than Europe and America combined; has five times as much iron as North America; one-half the world's gold; two-thirds of its ivory; nine-tenths of its diamonds; over half of the rubber and cocoa.

The slave trade is nominally driven out of Africa, but contract forced labor, especially in Portuguese territory, is practically slavery.

Ninety per cent. of the Africans are reached by European and American commerce, but only ten per cent. are touched by the Gospel.

Japanese be Christians—II*

Stories of Twice-Born Men and Women of Japan BY GEORGE GLEASON, OSAKA, JAPAN Representative of the International Y MeA in Japan REVEREND TSUNETERU MIYAGAWA-A SHINTO CONVERT On a springlike Sunday in January, 1876, a group of schoolboys walked through the streets of Kumamoto in South Japan, singing "Jesus, I My Cross Have Taken" and other Christian hymns. On the top of Hana-oka-yama, a hill overlooking the city, they knelt and after prayer signed and sealed their names on an oath-paper covenanting to enlighten the darkness of their country by preaching the Gospel of God, even if it should mean the sacrifice of their lives. From that group have come Ebina, Kozaki, Kanamori and Miyagawa. What does Japan not owe to the spiritual leadership of these men, still active in Christian evangelism !

Miyagawa went to Captain Janes' house to study Christianity in order to oppose it, for he saw an opportunity to prepare himself to become the champion of Shintoism in its conflict with Christianity. "The whole school," writes one of the pupils of Captain Janes, "was like a boiling cauldron. Studies were neglected, groups of five, six, or seven began to study the Bible in the recitation rooms, in the dining room or in their own private rooms. Some of them not more than twelve years of age were impelled to speak to others."

Miyagawa's father in a rage snatched him from the school and sent him for private tutoring to an old Shinto priest.

" At one of my first interviews I asked this old scholar to tell me where the Shinto paradise was. He replied that it was in the sun. But I objected that the sun was a planet that was burning itself out. He replied that there was still one spot that was cool where was built a large Shinto temple. Then I asked him which was the first coun- . try on this earth to become civilized. Of course he mentioned Japan. Again I objected that Egypt was civilized at least 5,000 years before Japan was known. On repeating my interview to my father he made no reply and I ceased to go to the old man for further instruction."

In the fall of 1876 Miyagawa was one of the famous Kumamoto Band of fifteen who formed the first theological class in Doshisha University. After finishing his studies and teaching schooJ for three years, Mr. Miyagawa began in the Osaka Church his one and only pastorate. For nearly forty years, with the aid of his able wife, this Beecher of Japan has hurled his invectives against the evils of "This article is from Mr. George G1eason's book "What ShaH I Think of Japan ?"-just from the press of the Macmillan Company, New York.

459

Japanese society and expounded Ohrist as the Saviour of the Empire. His church, almost from the first self-supporting, has grown to 1,000 members with a $6,000 budget, three assistant pastors, and a woman worker. For twenty years he has issued the Osaka Kodan, a monthly containing his sermons and other articles. Mr. Miyagawa was the chairman in West Japan of the recent "Three Years' Evangelistic Oampaign" and served for many years as the president of the local Young Men's Ohristian Association. Two years ago his parish made a record for benevolences in Japan by raising $50,000 for a new church home.

MADAM ASAKO HIROOKA-A WOMAN BANKER The life story of Madam Hirooka, business woman, educator, patriot and Christian orator, is a witness to the power of the Bible to remake character even at the age of sixty. In her girlhood she received the usual training in lady-like accomplishments, but her thirsty mind longed for more. Untaught, she learned to read the books boys studied until her family, when she was thirteen years old, actually forbade her to read any more.

Married at seventeen from the wealthy Mitsui family into an Osaka business house she discovered that her rich husband was spending his time in amusements, leaving the management of his affairs to others. Realizing that financial troubles were approaching, she began to prepare. Working night after night, the young wife mastered arithmetic, bookkeeping and commercial slbjects. Five years after the wedding, during a panic, the crash came and her new family was nearly bankrupt.

From that time separating from her husband and quite alone, with remarkable ability she took full charge of the firm, opened a profitable coal mine near Moji, started the Kajima Bank, the Daido Life Insurance Oompany, and exploited agricultural lands in Korea. For nearly forty years, until the marriage of her only daughter, Madam Hirooka was one of the prominent business persons of the Empire.

Her conversion dates from a dinner with a few friends at the Osaka Hotel ten years before her death. Mr. Naruse, president of the Tokyo Woman's University, which she had backed for many years, pointing to her remarked to Mr. Miyagawa: "This uncouth woman needs religion; you better teach her." This stinging remark of a trusted friend broke through. Then began that intimate study of the Bible with her pastor, often taking three or four hours a week, which resulted two years later in her baptism. She was received .into the church at the same service as several Sunday-school pupils. The queen of finance had become a little child.

Three months after the baptism of the mother her daughter came to Mr. Miyagawa and said: "My servants say the devil is get-

CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS?

ting to be an angel." Another servant in the Tokyo Mitsui family said to the newly-born old lady: "Now that you have become so much kinder I hope you will live a long time. "

Her magazine articles are signed Kyuten Jukki Sei ("nine times falling, nine times rising again"), a true description of her life, referring to Proverbs 24: 16, "A righteous man falleth seven times and riseth up again."

Madam Hirooka was one of the great Christian evangelists of Japan. In connection with the United Evangelistic Campaign she toured from north to south and south to north, making her thrilling, almost terrific, appeals for pure Christian living. One night at Shimonoseki she held a vast theater audience of 2,000 for a solid hour with her virile Gospel message. She always dressed in European clothes which made her quickly recognized everywhere she went.

Her main interest was the woman problem, the arrows of whieh from a child had pierced her soul. Many a time have I heard her eloquent damnation of the pernicious customs tolerated by law and by society. But with her there was but one solution-the Bible and Christianity. An American newspaper woman who had certain theories that education and environment make men and women once interviewed Madam Hirooka and tried to get her ideas confirmed by this keen Japanese mind. But the Oriental busines!! woman kept reiterating what the Occidental writer kept ignoring, that without the Spirit of the Living God working in the hearts of men, these things could not be done.

Prayer was a great problem to Madam Hirooka. She had never experienced tender dealings from father, mother or husband and did not know how to speak to God as a loving Father. She had suffered much, but her first tears were shed one summer morning on the mountain side at Karuizawa, when all the clouds upon her spirit vanished and she was lifted into full fellowship with her Lord. After the happy tear drops had rained down she lifted her eyes, the morning mists were rolling up, the cooing of the wood pigeons and the early notes of the nightingale seemed to be praising God with a sweetness never known before. From that morning in the great outdoors until her death God and His Presence were a vital reality to her.

BARON ICHIZAEMON MORIMURA-A MILLIONAIRE NOBLEMAN Halls were not large enough when the "big business" evangelists, Madam Hirooka and Baron Morimura were advertised to speak. The testimony of this gray-haired pair, both converted when over sixty and working with an intensity which put to shame many a younger Christian, was irresistible. Had Baron Morimura lived another month he would have been eighty years old. For the last quarter of his life he was an ardent Christian, having been converted during a visit to America. Although he traveled about the

empire, preaching in nearly every large center, he was baptized only two years before his death and then at his own residence and by an unordained evangelist who had spent twenty-three years of his life in jail. By selecting Mr. Y. Koji to perform this ceremony Baron Morimura registered his protest against division and formalism in the Christian Church.

This millionaire, head of the Morimura Company, Exporters and Importers, began his career as shop boy in a dry goods store. At eighteen he was a petty dealer in tobacco pouches. At thirty-six he organized the firm which still bears his name. At fifty-three he was appointed manager of the Nihon Ginko, the Bank of England and Japan, which post he filled for eighteen years. Later he established the Morimura Bank. Four years before his death he was created a peer and given the title of Baron. The kindly face under its canopy of snow white hair will remain a vivid picture in the hearts of those who heard this prosperous business man exhort his countrymen to follow his Christ.

PROFESSOR SAKUZO YOSHINo-A LEADER FOR DEMOCRACY In May, 1919, Robert Gailey, of China, went with me to Tokyo Imperial University, the school de luxe of the Oriental world, and there met Professor Yoshino, authority in international politics and president of the University Christian Association. Gailey asked if there were any signs of democracy in Japan.

Dr. Yoshino replied: "The university students are turning demo- crats so fast that we are trying to slow them down to keep them from becoming Bolsheviks."

Then this Christian educator told us how a few days before, when the agitation in China against Japan's demands for Shantung was at its height, three of his pupils went over to call on some Chinese in Tokyo. The men from abroad were afraid. They thought the Japanese had come to start something. But when they heard this little deputation express sympathy for China in her plight they were dumb with surprise.

The professor's eyes shone as he explained to us his "Shinjin Kai" (Society of New Men), of fifty university graduates-a group of educated reformers. A score of these had recently banded them- selves together to study in close contact the labor situation in their empire. They had gone out into the shops and factories to work and live with the laborers. Here were twenty disciples under the guid- ance of a Christian prophet getting first-hand information with which to help solve a great social problem when the crisis in Japan should become acute. .

Professor Yoshino's experience peculiarly fits him to guide Japan at this time. His years of residence in the University Chris- tian Association dormitory, when twenty years ago he came down

from the north a poor college student, gave him the Christian background. His knowledge of China, gained by three years' residence in Tientsin when he was tutor in Yuan Shih K'ai's family, and his three years of study in America and Europe in 1910-1913, have given him an insight of both the East and the West.

As professor of Political History in the Imperial University Law College, Dr. Yoshino stands in a position to send from his classes a steady stream of young political leaders with the Christian world view. The general public, too, looks to him for guidance. The circulation of The Central Review (Chuo Koran), the magazine through which he preaches his progressive ideas, has increased its monthly circulation from 11,000 to 55,000 in the last four years.

The development of a few more leaders like these is the solution of the problem of the Far East. Here is the call to British and American young men and women, to go to Japan, dig down into the life of that forward looking nation, and help to develop Christians of this type. Let us, the followers of Christ, buttress the Japanese Church until "the menace of Japan" shall be changed to the blessing of the Orient. Where is there a greater challenge to constructive service?

A CHINESE PRIEST SAVED THROUGH A DREAM* Mr. A. Seipel, of the China Inland Mission, Ningtu Kiangsi, tells the story of an evangelist who on a recent tour took a little rest in a temple about three miles from his outstation. Among the priests was a vegetarian_who for five year:s had lived in the temple to be able to serve the idols more sincerely. He heard the Gospel for the first time but the good news did not touch his heart. He did everything he could to make it impossible for the evangelist to preach the Gospel in the nearby hamlets.

After some time, however, he had a dream in which he saw, 'in the temple where he lived, three different rooms. The room to the right contained nothing but idols; the room to the left nothing but big black coffins. The middle room was so bright and glistening that his eyes hardly could stand it. Here three men stood before him and one of them said: "If you go to the right you walk in the darkness; if you go to the left your fate is the same-darkness, leading down to hell. Why not follow me? Upon my path there is light and joy and my way leads on and up to heaven."

The man then awoke, and being anxious to know what this strange dream might mean, he went to the evangelist and told him the story. God used the evangelist to open this man's eyes and turn him from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to the true God.

This vegetarian devotee had lived in the temple with the expectation of getting high merit, yet at the same time he had not minded living in the greatest filth of sin. At once he broke with everything of the old life because he had obtained the very best-Jesus Christ Himself. As a thank offering he gave twenty dollars to the church. Now he lives in his own house and God has already used him in leading others to the Lord Jesus.

*From China's Millions.

A SYRIAN MISSIONARY'S

The red, summer sun had just dropped behind the Lebanon Mountains beyond the Valley of the Upper Jordan, and in the brief, beautiful, starlit twilight a little group of Americans sat conversing near their tents on a grassy knoll on the southern slope of Mt. Hermon. The leader of the group was the Rev. vVilliam K. Eddy, personally beloved and revered in every village and hamlet of all southern Syria. He was making one of his regular missionary tours among the churches and schools and the lower Lebanon field. The other members of the group were young American University graduates, teaching for a short term in the Syrian Protestant College and spending part of their summer vacation on this missionary itinerary. The young men were learnedly discussing telepathy, giving tnany incidents as illustrations of thought-transference.

As the sky grew darker and the stars brighter a lull came in the conversation and the missionary who had been silent up to this point quietly told the following: "Late one night after I had been asleep for some time in my house in Sidon, I was suddenly awakened by a sharp sound"; (Mr. Eddy snapped his fingers loudly). "I sat up in bed; the room was quite dark, and it was raining heavily outside. A distinct voice came to me 'Go to the home of Elder Najeeb in Mukdoushi.' I arose, went out into the storm, saddled my horse and rode through the city streets and along the narrow mountain trails up to the village where the elder lived. At his house I dismounted and immediately the door was opened by the man and his brother. They said to me, 'We were expecting you. Father is h(!re dying and you know he has never come Home. We have been praying for you to come to lead him to the Saviour.' I spoke with the father about the Way of Life and prayeq with him, and the old man before long went with radiant face to his heavenly home. After saying good-bye to the sons, I mounted my horse, rode down to Sidon through the cold, beating rain and went back to bed."

The narrative ended without comment and we eagerly asked: "Was that telepathy?"

"No," quietly came the reply; "that was the Spirit of God calling one of His undershepherds to go out on the mountainside at night and bring a lost sheep home."

There was no more sophomoric discussion of the spirit world that night. We younger men had seen a vision on the very hillside where the transfigured Christ appeared to a little group of disciples centuries before. With deepened faith and feeling, evening prayer was offered and this lesson in Divine telepathy has never been forgotten.

GEORGE T. SCOTT.

464

Work in

By DR. J. L. NISBET Royal National Missionary of the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen C HRISTIANITY was embraced as a ~tate religion in Iceland in the year 1000 A. D.. Previous to the coming of the Christian religion, heathen worship was the rule, but an Icelander called Thorvaldur the Far-Traveled was converted while jourueying in Europe. His faith was proved by his works, for on his return to his native land he took with him a Saxon bishop, who was instrumental in leading some of his fellow-countrymen to a knowledge of Christ. ~ The exemplary lives of those few early believers spoke louder than any argument in words for the Christian religion. Slowly, but steadily, their influence spread until it reached the Althing (Assembly) itself, when the question was brought up as to whether Christianity should be admitted as the religion for all. There was a wide divergence of opinion, but while the debate was at its height a strange event happened.

A messenger brought the tidings that a volcanic eruption had occurred at Olfusa, and that the house of Thoroddur the Christian leader was in danger of destruction. The heathen affirmed that the gods were angry because of the undesirable "speeches" which were then being given in the Althing. To this Snorri Godi, himself an eloquent orator and a Christian, replied, "At what were the gods angry at the time when the very lava on which we are standing was burning?" Some of the heathen saw the point and remained mute. Others showed signs of being unconvinced, and a deadlock between heathen and Christian parties was imminent, unless the President used his authority as arbitrator. Bribery, evidently, was a common weapon in use to induce the patronage of the influential, and, unhappily, the Christian party sank to this alternative in order to accomplish their object. The heathen President retired to rest for a day, "so that he could think the matter over I" Then, calling the people around him after he had mounted the Logberg (the Rock.of the law), he said, "Unless we have laws and religion in common there can be no abiding peace. "

In the end both parties agreed to a loyal obedience to the code of laws and regulations proposed by him and ingeniously arranged to suit both heathen and Christians. The gist of this startling sample of heathen jurisprudence was: that all should become Christians by being baptized, but those of the heathen party who still desired to continue in their old practices and worship their other gods, could do so in secret. If done in the presence of witnesses, the punishment of outlawry would be inflicted. Thus Christianity became the state religion of Iceland, in an unhallowed atmosphere of conscious deceit, 465

and the fruit of that evil seed may be gathered in Iceland to this present day.

The first bishop to be elected, under the Christian regime, was Isleifur, who immediately afterwards was sent abroad to be consecrated. Many of the bishops undoubtedly were good men, and some were very learned, but from the record of their doings the superstitious element is very conspicuous, and a few were veritable Pharaohs. Gudbrandur was the first bishop to translate the Bible, sev- eral copies of which are still in existence.* Bishop Thorlakur was an able scholar ,and gave to his people an original copy of the Scriptures. The New Testament had been translated even before their times, by the son of a bishop called Oddur Gottkalksson, while he was on a prolonged visit to Norway. The Icelandic Bible of to-day is in many respects an admirable translation, and can be bought as cheaply almost as our own, thanks to the British and Foreign Bible Society.

The tendency to idolatry and superstition in the early years made Iceland an easy prey to the influence of Roman Catholicism. It held sway until the time of the Reformation, when it was replaced by Lutheranism. In common with the Scandinavian countries, the State Church has remained so until now. It has one bishop, who until 1918 was appointed by the King of Denmark, and whose seat is in Reykjavik. His bishopric or diocese is divided into forty deaneries, and these are subdivided into approximately 280 parishes. There are also two ordination bishops, who ordain the bishop after his election. In spite of these elaborations the fact remains that true religion and spiritual life is, and always has been, at a low ebb.

The natural trend of the Icelandic mind is not in the direction of spiritual or religious things, but rather towards materialism and fatalism. Recently spiritualism and theosophy have caused the pendulum to swing to the other extremity in a number of cases; but the bulk of the people remain as before. The rising generation appears inclined towards agnosticism, both blatant and cultured. Religious influence is in fragments. A smattering of almost every religious cult in Europe may be found in Iceland, but no sect or system has any hold on the people.

Some lay the blame for the dearth of spiritual life at the door of the State Church. They argue that as the State is political nothing but what is political can grow out of it. The free gift of God cannot be extorted by law. Christians cannot be made, except by a wholehearted surrender of the will. Therefore, they deduce that the proper method is the Free Church. But the Free Church idea has been tried, without success. It is in every respect the same as the State Church, save for the fact, that it is free from the partnership of a political state. There are not more than half a dozen free Churches in the whole island, the largest being in Reykjavik. The *There are copies in the British Museum and the British and Fot1eign Bible Society Depot re- spectively. Moreover, the writer has one. (It was written in t~ year IE;S,!)

RELICWUS WORK IN ICELAND

movement is roughly a quarter of a century old, and as it has few advantages over the State Ohurch it makes no headway at bringing in the spiritual emancipation of the people.

N either of these Churches has Sunday-schools or Bible classes for young people. At the age of fourteen the children are confirmed and made members of the visible Church. A year or so previous to confirmation they commence a course of "religious instruction," which mainly consists of committing to memory the Catechism and carefully selected Bible stories. This forms part of a preacher's duties. The children with few exceptions dislike the Oatechism, and are either coaxed, or forced to learn it, or perchance encouraged by the promise of a new dress, a watch, a lamb, etc., when they have memorized it to satisfaction. With such a prelude, one is not surprised to find that when confirmation has been attained the child bids farewell to everything associated with these unpleasant memories of coercion in younger days. This without a doubt is one of the root causes of the spiritual lethargy so prevalent in this isolated island. A few are fighting for religious liberty on strictly evangelical lines, and they maintain that the Ohurch must be free, supported only by the free-will offerings of the Christian community.

When a religious service is being held, it is not uncommon to see the members of the congregation go in and out of church at will. Those who know the Icelander do not attribute this to a want of reverence, but to a lack of good manners. Many of them have a deep reverence for God, His house and service, but that reverence is not expressed in our way. They look upon such a building as a place of friendly welcome and perfect freedom.

The life of the clergy is unenviable. The stipend paid by the state is so small as to necessitate some other occupation in addition to their clerical office, in order to live at all comfortably. Many have interests in fishing industries, but mostly they are farmers. This serves to keep the clergy in close touch with everyday life among the working folks, but it has the disadvantage of an unequal yoke. The spiritual side of the parson's life is stifled and cramped by the secular. His thoughts are more concerning his profits than his own spiritual life, and his sermons suffer in consequence. He conducts the services from a sheer sense ,of duty. The ritual.is gone through in a formal, lifeless way, and whenever it is over his "walk and conversation" center around business again. There are a few splendid exceptions, especially among the town clergy, but this in the main is true of most. The fact, too, that each parish minister has two or even four churches to serve does not aid spiritual matters much. The rule is to preach once every Sunday, and, therefore, if he has four churches, all the people can get is one service every month.

Times of spiritual revival and refreshment have never been known in Iceland, at least not on a large scale, as we have seen in most

other Christian countries. The custom, is, as far as possible, to keep one's religion to oneself so as to escape the ridicule and satire of others. Another item evoking displeasure is the taking of a collection at a religious service. The joy of giving to the Lord and the cause of the Gospel they have never experienced. An annual levy is put upon every person above fourteen years of age, according to law, "for the maintenance of church and clergy." This is collected with the taxes in the usual way. Apart from this no offering is asked for, and at the services one never sees the bag or plate, so common in our churches. Many even grudge bitterly the annual assessment for religious purposes!

ANew Era In Southern Methodist Missions World-Wide Results of the Great Centenary Campaign BY ROBERT B. ELEAZER, NASHVILLE TENNESSEE Editor of The Missionary Voice I N MAY, 1919, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, took the most notable step in its history-the pledging of $36,000,000 of new money for missions in the great Centenary campaign. The pledges covered a five-year period, and when added to the normal expected income from regular sources made a total of $53,000,000. Up to the first of January collections on these pledges had exceeded $9,000,000 over and above the normal income for missions. '1'he distribution of the first year's receipts, aggregating about $6,000,000, was made last April, a large proportion of the amount going to the several departments of the Board of Missions.

The natural result has been a great extension of the missionary activities of the Church. Eighty-four Centenary missionaries have been sent out to the foreign fields, and scores have been added to the force at home.

A long overdue building program has been inaugurated, including the erection of or provision for scores of churches, schools, social settlements, missionary residences, hospitals and the like, both at home and in China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Cuba, Brazil and Mrica. The native force also is being expanded in each of these fields and constant search is being made for qualified men and women to further augment the missionary ranks. Five hundred are to be sent during the five years.

The end of the Centenary period, therefore, should find the personnel and equipment of Southern Methodist work in the several

A NEW ERA IN SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSIONS

fields multiplied two or three fold, and its influence and effectiveness increased in even greater measure.

One gratifying result that could not be certainly foreseen is the fact that in every foreign field the native Church has been encouraged and inspired as never before. Centenary campaigns have been put on in nearly all the fields, with a program emphasizing spiritual resources, stewardship and evangelism, and resulting in a great access of evangelistic zeal and self-support.

The Chinsse Church, for example, voted to attain full selfsupport within the Centenary period, so as to release all mission funds for pioneer work. Japanese Methodists have been wonderfully stirred, and have set a financial goal of $300,000 to be used for the extension of the Gospel. Among other objectives, the Japanese Methodists propose to open missions in Manchuria, Korea and Formosa.

In Korea the emphasis has been largely on evangelism. Thousands of new believers have been enrolled in the mission and scores of new church groups have been organized. The revival seems to parallel that of some years ago.

In Cuba the Methodist churches conducted their financial campaign just prior to that in the United States, and many oversubscribed their allotments two, three or four times. "It was a wonderful revelation to the Cuban church of its ability to undertake great things for God," says one of the missionaries.

Bishop James Cannon, speaking for Mexico, says, "·Wherever the Centenary idea has been presented among our Mexican people, it has appealed to their loyalty and inspired them to sacrifices far greater probably than those of our members in the United States." 111 no field has the finaIicial response of the native Church to the Centenary appeal been greater in proportion to ability than in Mexico. The Chihuahua Church alone, with a membership of 150, subscribed $17,348 (gold), or more than a hundred dollars per member. There are not many churches in the homeland that did as well.

The Centenary also made it possible for the Church to enter several of the European countries in this time of great need, when immediate physical relief and moral reconstruction were imperative. Our work has embraced the care of orphans, hospital service, relief kitchens, distribution of clothing and other forms of social ministry, as well as the preaching of the Gospel, the beginnings of an educational program and plans for a publishing plant to supply France and Belgium with Christian literature. Some fine properties have been purchased in Brussels, Warsaw and Prague, and an extensive and well-rounded program is being laid out for Belgium, Poland and Czecho-Slovakia. In each of those fields the workers are meeting a hearty response. The outlook in Czecho-fllovakia is reported as especially hopeful.

4

REFLEX RESULTS But these objective results of the Centenary, however great, are by no means all. It brought to the Church reflex blessings beyond all telling.

The new emphasis' on prayer led multitudes into a deeper spiritual life and resulted in the setting up of thousands of family altars.

The gospel of stewardship was preached as never before in pulpit and printed page. A hundred thousand men and women we're led to consecrate the tenth of their incomes to God and thereby acknowledge His ownership of all. Only those who have taken the step know what fuller consecration it implies, what blessing it brings, what transformation of the whole round of life I Never before have we known such general enlistment of the rank and file in the work of the Kingdom of God. During ihe Centenary campaign literally hundreds of thousands of men and women went earnestly" about their Father's business." That impetus will never be lost. Because of it the Church will be stronger, more vital, more efficient to the end.

The evangelistic campaign was another of the great reflex blessings, resulting in a hundred thousand conversions and reclamations. Indeed, the whole Centenary program was of the very essence of revival, a reconsecration of the Chqrch to God. The evangelistic campaign was a logical and inevitable sequence. And the end is not yet, for the new vitality will continue to exercise itself as an evangelistic force, at home and abroad.

In brief, the Centenary, enlarging our vision, strengthening our faith, pointing out our opportunity and obligation, calling us to deeper consecration, and offering the privilege of fuller cooperation,in the divine plan, has meant great blessing to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, individually and collectively. What it shall mean to the multitudes without, waiting in darkness for the light, only eternity can tell. For them its blessed work is just begun. The sacred obligation resting now upon the Church at home is to see that it is carried to completion.

THE CHALLENGE OF THE MISSIONARY TASK Dr. Jowett some years ago preached a sermon in which he pleaded for more of "the wooing note" in the pulpit message of the church. Recently he preached in his own Westminster Chapel pulpit in London a sermon, calling on the church to tone up its utterances to a more stalwart ring of challenge, especially in addressing the young men of this time. "'vVe preachers," he said, "have just ope~ed gates into quiet, green pastures, and the sheep come lazily in and go to sleep." In another part of the sermon he said ; "Little appeals breed dwarfs; big challenges rear up giants." Evidently the famous preacher has come to the conclusion that after all "the wooing note" can be overdone.

Earthquake and Missions in

BY MISS S. J. GARLAND AND OTHERS T HE disastrous earthquake in the northwest of China on De- cember 16th caused a terrible loss of life and damage to prop- erty. As the worst damage was done in places where there are no foreigners, it is difficult to get reliable details as to the extent of the disaste~. The reported loss of life varies from 1,000,000-a Chinese official report—to 100,000 a "conservative" foreign estimate. The earthquake was felt in several provinces. Fengsiang and Lungchow, in the west of Shensi, reported numbers of people killed and many houses destroyed, but the worst effects were in the east of Kansu.

At Kuyuan, where the ground opened in many places and spouted forth black water, the death toll has been officially estimated at about 40,000. Six hundred died inside the city, which is entirely ruined. Thousands are homeless. Kuyuan is one of the outstations of the China Inland Mission, two days' journey north from the central station of Pingliang. The Mission premises there are in ruins, and the caretaker and his family are wounded. A letter from Mr. G. Townvall, dated January 13th, tells of twenty-one cart loads of severely wounded people who had just arrived, being sent by the official of that place to be cared for at the hospital in Pingliang. Another letter tells of the shortage of food supplies owing to so much wheat and other grain having been buried in falling caves and ruined villages.

The seriously affected area stretches about 135 miles from east to west and 100 miles from north to south, so that it is difficult to get any adequate conception of the aggregate of suffering caused by this visitation.

Mrs. Robert C. Parry of Lanchow writes that at that station of the China Inland Mission much damage was done; chimney pots fell all over the place; walls came down; big cracks appeared in the house walls; but all the hospital building (the Borden Memorial Hospital) remained intact. When the first shake was over, Dr. Parry had a time going all over the place seeing to things and trying to comfort frightened patients, nurses, etc.

Dr. Robert C. Parry received a personal letter from the magistrate of the city of Tsingningchow, stating that a great many of his people were suffering from terrible injuries, so that he could not bear to look at them. He wrote beseeching the Christian missionary to come and help them. This official is known to be an exceptionally enlightened man, an "almost persuaded" person, working entirely for the good of his people. Apart from the claim of suffering humanity, the above seemed an additional reason for responding to his urgent 471

request. In consultation with Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor and other fellow-workers, it was decided that he should go. Dr. Parry writes: "The road took us through the most desolate regions and was extremely difficult to travel in some places. But, by the help of God, we did the seven stages in six days. The last three days traveling was most difficult and in fact quite dangerous in places. If you could but see the destruction, involving life and property, all along the way, you would understand when I say we have not felt we were enduring any hardship at all as compared with these poor people.

Saturday night we slept (or rather tried to sleep) in our carts, amongst the ruins of the once snug townlet of Tsingchangih. Now there is not a house left standing, and the people seem completely disheartened. Of all the places we have seen that seemed about the worst. Over fifty people killed, many injured, and large numbers of animals destroyed. Sunday we struggled over about fifteen miles of broken country, and that night slept on the ground between the carts with plenty of straw underneath us and lots of bedding to cover us. Hearing that the remaining fifteen miles to Tsingningchow was almost impassable and might take two or three days, we slung our bedding, etc., on our cart mules, leaving the carts behind in charge of a friendly carter, hired two men to carry the medicines, etc., and then tramped it.

The magistrate had received no Hews of our coming, but welcomed us royally. Weare now installed in the official residence (a tent in his inner courtyard), with the fail'ly intact public library as our dressing room and dispensary. The magistrate has posted proclamations throughout the city and country urging the wounded to come. At his order a gong is sounded in the streets when we are ready to receive patients, so we are kept busy.

The official report gives the following figures for this city and suburbs alone: killed, 635; wounded, 1,159; impoverished, 3,330, fed from the official granaries; property, 4,000 to 4,500 houses destroyed. This prosperous city is practically in ruins. The people are living in tents and sheds.

Pray for the work here, and for this official, Oheo T'ing-uen, who is indeed a man among ten thousand, whose chief fault is a tendency to self-satisfaction. He has been here three years, and is beloved by the people. He lives simply (is wearing his father's old clothes as a matter of fact) and is expending the proceeds of his office for the betterment of the people. Since coming here, he has established a free hospital, a home for poor children and a public library. He has put down gambling, deals severely with swearing and fighting in the streets, and is tackling opium smoking and foot-binding with a courageous hand. He has introduced knitting of woolen and cotton garments from locally spun yarn, which he has taught the people to do. On the occasion of the earthquake he ordered his men to rush out and

THE EARTHQUAKE AND MISSIONS IN KANSU

call the people from their houses. Returning to his own house he knelt down and prayed to "Shang-ti" (God) to slay him and spare his people. The walls fell in around him, even striking him, but still he prayed on. When all was over, he felt that God had spared him for the people, who certainly would have been thrown into complete confusion and disorder by so overwhelming a disaster. In the succeeding days, though fasting and mourning himself, he rendered splendid service by ordering the immediate rescue of those entombed alive, the speedy burial of the dead, provision of food and clothing for the impoverished, the lending out of eighty tents in his yamen to the homeless, while he and his family and men slept on the ground without any shelter for some days until the tents could be returned by those able to construct shelters from the debris of their ruined homes.

Ma Shan-ren, the leading Moslem ecclesiastic in this province, with his third son and hundreds of co-religionists were amongst the victims of the earthquake-one of my patients was in personal attendance on this celebrated leader of the "New Sect" at the time of his death. Daily, from ten in the evening on (from nine on special occasions) this man prayed for hours into the night. That fateful evening, he dressed at six p. m. and w(mt to the mosque early, with his sons and attendants. At seven p. m. the earthquake came and but few of the worshipers escaped. My informant, a native of the city, was carried here several days later. His home was in Saku, a long valley, mostly inhabited by Mohammedans and it is .rumored that about 10,000 of them were buried by the falling of the mountains on either side of the valley which have filled it up level.

The people are at their wit's end, not knowing what is going to happen next. The Governor and all other officials have had special worship in a rigged up tent on the north side of the Yenow River in Lanchow. Special prayers were read by the Governor and confession of sin made in the hope that these tremors might cease. There are also daily processions in the city to appease the gods. A great many of the peolJle are coming to the mission chapel on the main street to listen to the Gospel.

A message from Kansu states that the Moslem outbreak which was threatened there has not materialized as a widespread. movement, undoubtedly owing to the earthquake, in which the Mohammedans saw a warning from Heaven. The death of Ma Shan-ren and other Mohammedan religious leaders through the collapse of caves, houses and city walls seems effectively to have stopped the plan for offering resistance to the central government.

Over 500 Moslem leaders are said to have been buried in the ruins of the place in which they were holding a religious conference. As a result of this catastrophe the Mohammedans have changed their attitude toward the central government.

Chinese in the Famine *

A YOUNG Chinese appeared a few weeks ago at one of the American relief stations in the famine province of Chihli, North China. He was hungry and almost worn out by days of travel across the desolate, baked plains as a cart man with a consignment of grain and clothing. He asked that he be put to work as a helper at the station.

This young man attracted attention. His manner was not that of the ordinary worker. His clothes, though worn, were of the finest quality. He spoke English that was remarkable for its perfection, and his intelligence was obviously of a high order. Asked where he came from, he named a city and province in the south. He was up early in the morning and labored until late at night. No work was too exhausting or humble. When his own duties were out of the way for a moment, he turned instantly to some other activity. Under such energy as this the efficiency of the station increased rapidly.

After weeks of service this young man disclosed the condition which had sent him hundreds of miles from home in a section of the country where there was comfort and plenty of food, to labor day and night on scanty rations for the service of the famine stricken. He was the son of a wealthy family. Its social and political connections were of a high order, and the youth was sent to the University of Peking to prepare himself for a government or diplomatic post. While at the university he became interested in Christianity. He took the theological course and was a constant attendant at church and mission services. He began to write to his parents regarding his intense absorption in the alien religion. Opposition was instant. His family discussed the matter with him and tried to show him the folly of his ways, 'but no threats or pleadings had any effect upon his determination.

When the young man had completed his studies at the university and returned home, there came a final family crash. His father told him to leave the house and he returned to Peking where, with some student friends, he went out into the famine districts.

A letter written to a friend in Peking gives his picture of the conditions against which all China is struggling.

"The famine conditions in the three districts which I have visited, -Jaouang, Lihsien and Poyeh, with populations approximating 250,- 000, 200,000 and 90,000 respectively~are pitiful in the extreme. The poor and unfortunate country people on whom we ourselves, in ordinary times, depend in no small measure for the necessities of life, are now eating dried leaves, the bark of trees, millet husks and anything that will help to keep them alive. To make matters worse, many of them have neither fuel nor sufficient clothing."

-;P:;;;m The Christian W.rk. 474

Who are Transforming the Orient*

In celebrating their jubilee the and was graduated with honor, after Vt/oman's American Baptist Foreign which she went to Calcutta University, Mission Society brought representa- crossing the Bay of Bengal, a great tives from its fields in order that the undertaking for an Oriental woman at women who have supported the work that time. Here again she did excel- so loyally might actually see the type lent work and secured a Fellowship of woman who is the direct result of for Dublin University where she spent the educational and evangelistic work two yeats .in advanced study, gradu- of Foreign Mission Boards. ating with the diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. On her return to Burma the Government secured her to take the place of the su- perintendent of the Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital. Here she is training a class of nurses and is meet- ing the great need of women who are, even in Burma, without medical aid .

Dr. Ma Saw Sa, while not actively engaged in the work of the Mission, is a devout Christian and a loyal sup- porter of all the work for her own people.

Khanto Bala Rai represents the Christian teacher, and comes from the girls' school of Midnapore, Bengal, where she has been doing educational work. She has secnred two years of college training and is anxious to com- plete her course and win her degree.

Her father was one of the early Brah- man converts, rare in those days. He DR. MA SAW SA OF BURMA. KHANTO suffered ghrI•Seaotwpnerf saemc'ultliyo,nbuant drewmaasm. ceudt BALA RAt OF BENGAL, AND DR. Y. NAN· off from DAMAH OF SOUTH INDIA loyal and brought up a beautiful fam- First among these women is the Bur- ily of girls. man representative, Dr. Ma Saw Sa, Dr. Nandamah comes from South F. R. C. S., head of the Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital, Rangoon, Burma. India, from the Lone Star Mission in the Telugu field. The Board at home She is the first Burman woman to se- seriously considered giving up this cure a college training and is a fine field and just on the verge of abantype of the educated, Christian profes- donment God sent a great blessing, sional woman of the East. She was a which resulted in the baptism of thoudaughter of one of the early converts sands. Among them was Nandamah's and secured her education in the Bap- father, who became a Christian tist girls' schools in Burma. On her preacher and teacher. When his little graduation she determined to enter daughter saw in the Nellore Woman's college and as there was no college for Hospital an Indian woman doctor she women she was admitted, with two determined that she, too, would follow other students, to the men's college in that profession. There was no place Rangoon. She did remarkable work where she could get her training ex- cept in the extreme north, six days'

*From ~{RS. H. W. PltABODY. journey from her village home. One 475

can appreciate the courage and deter- of the first Baptist pastor in Bohemia. mination which led her to leave her We have here an example of the literhome and go to Ludhiana where she ary worker. She is editor of a Chri sspent four years, returning to take her tian paper in Prague, and has shown position in the hospital in Ncllore. great ability. She has been urged to Twice in the absence of the American accept a position as editor of a secular doctor on account of illness Nandamah paper, but prefers to devote herself to was able to take charge. She is to be active Christian work through writing one of the doctors in the new Jubilee and social and community service. Hospital in the Deccan. Her beautiful Christian character and her desire for the spiritual life of her people will make her an invaluable helper.

MADAMi'; KOLATOROVA OF PRAGUE MISS KAN EN VONG OF CHINA There has not been up to this time any mission work for women in From China we welcome Kan en Czecho-Slovakia, and when such work Vong, a name with a lovely meaning, begins it is hoped it may be under the Grace Sweet. .She was adopted by direction of the women of that coun- Dr. an d Mrs. Sweet, of tIle Baptist try rather than through missionaries Mission in Hangchow. She had been sent from here. sold fo r $4.00, and was given to these loving missionaries who have cared for There is also a Japanese representaher as (·heir own child. They are re- tive who is taking a course of Bible warded in the wonderful success which study in America preparatory to reshe has made of her life. She was suming her work as dean of the O saka trained in the Union Mission school at Woman's Bible School. H angchow and became a teacher in the kindergarten department of the Here we have in this little group of normal school. She is studying kin- women from the Far East types of the dergarten in addition to representing work that all our W oman's Boards her country at the Jubilee. have been doing for the past fifty years,-the Christian t eacher, the An interesting personality in the Christian missionary doctor, the outgroup is Madame Kolatoruva, daughter standing professional woman, with great influence because of her position, and her loyalty to Chri st, the new woman of central Europe who is to be a factor in the salvation of Europe, the highly trained Bible teacher and the Christian mother and evangelist.

METHODS

MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PASS ON YOUR METHODS Some one sent us the story of a church across the continent where the minister put a method into practice by which his whol~ congregation was benefited. On the other side of the ocean a missionary found inspiration and practical suggestion in the same story. Then an entire conference put the plan into operation. North, South, East and vVest, eager workers were helped by the plan passed on by one woman.

"Pass it on"-the story of some method that you have used successfully in your society or brotherhood or congregation or community. Send your successful methods to the Editor of the Best Methods Department so that ten thousand other people may share the benefit.

REQUIREMENTS OF A SUCCESS- "In some way we must get these FUL READING CIRCLE good leaflets into the hands of more 1. One person who believes in the people," she said. She selected 104 of possibilities of missionary leaflets and the best leaflets she could find and oris determined to make the most of dered three of each. Then she put them. four leaflets, each on a different sub- ject into each manila envelope, thus 2. Seventy-eight heavy manila en- making twenty-six different sets with three of each set. This gave her sevvelopes 40 by 10 inches. enty-eight envelopes to start with. A printed number cut from the old cal- 3. Three hundred and twelve inter- endar was pasted on the envelope so esting leaflets. it could be readily seen and the envel- opes could be quickly exchanged. A 4. An old calendar with large fig- complete list of contents of each enures. velope was listed so that if a leaflet or an envelope was lost it could be easily 5. A young woman or a young man replaced. who is willing to give some time to doing the Lord's work. A young woman took charge as Reading Circle Librarian. She gave 6. A pastor who believes in his missionary society and will help in its work.

How it Was'Done No amount of paper plans have the out the envelopes after church serv- force of the actually tested and tried ices, at Sunday school, and at society recipes. The womaq in the case of the meetings. She listed members of the successful testing of this particular congregation and noted number of en- plan is Mrs. S. W. Weiskotten, of velopes as she gave them out so she Brooklyn. She realized that only a could tell at a glance what envelopes very small number of people in her each one had previously taken. The church were reading the many inter- envelopes were to be kept not longer esting missionary leaflets that came to than two weeks and were then ex- her. changed for others.

477

And the pastor-what did he do? . sonal items about the folks who were He told all about the plan at one of there and what they did.

his services and enlisted the interest Mrs. Rice's Christmas letter will be and cooperation of the entire congre- suggestive to many other leaders or gation as the pastors who really "help Extension or Home Department Secthose women" seem to know how to retaries: do.· Further announcement was made at various society meetings. Later a D£AR – – : committee called on every family into We had an unusually fine meeting of the Woman's Society yesterday, with a splendid which the envelopes had not gone and attendance and several visitors from other 'explained the plan and purpose of the churches; also some of our Extension De- Leaflet Reading Circle with the result partment members enjoyed the day with us. that a large part of the congregation is now having the benefit of the Mrs. Shimmick, who was to lead the de- votional, is ill, so Mrs. Johnson, our pas- tor's wife, brought the Christmas lesson to splendid leaflets af the church as they us. She said in part, "Three gi fts are are issued from time to time, instead of spoken of in the Bible for us to remember: only the "faithful few" of the Mission- First, John 3: 16, God gave His Son to a sin-cursed world because he loved us; secary Society. ond, Mark 10: 45, Christ gave Himself, died for us that we might live; third, Mat. 2: 11, ABSENT AND FORGOTTEN the Wise Men brought their treasures to Him, gold, frankincense and myrrh, to show TRY THE RICE CORRESPONDENCE their love for Him. So we should give of CoURSE FOR REMEMBERING our treasures, not to father, mother or child first, but to our Saviour. 'In as much as In the majority of societies, it is apt ye have done it unto one of the least of these (in China, Russia, Armenia, all the to be true that the members who are world), ye have done it unto me,' and more absent are very frequently forgotten. children will die from starvation in Europe this winter than the number of men killed Not so in the Roger Williams Memorial Baptist church of Washington, D. in the war. "Let us in America, the only country that C. Mrs. L. M. Rice, who is superin- can celebrate Christmas in a material way tendent of the Extension Department, this year, make the little child smile through is constantly in touch with the women who cannot or do not attend the meet- the Christmas morn." ings. In addition to the quarterly Mrs. Blakely told that the ladies of the White Cross at the meeting Tuesday, had cut and basted four dozen each of doll packets of literature prepared especial- dresses. doll comforts, and six: dozen pretty bags for the little Indian Sabbath-school ly for the Extension members, she scholars in Phcenix, Arizona. Also that a sends to the "shut-ins," to members box of nice clothing is partly packed to be who are out of the city, and to the sent to Rev. Riddle and family. He is pashomes not represented at the mission- tor of a mountain church on a salary of ary meeting, a mimeographed letter $300 per year. each month. Extracts were read from some lovely letters received from some of our out-of- This is not a letter that can be or- town members, Mrs. Grenning, Mrs. Remdered from National Headquarters by pes and Mrs. Evelyn Clark; and also a the thousand, to fit one society as well most beautiful letter from Miss Spieden, telIing of her trip up to the time she as another. It is a letter which tells all reached the LangUage School in Nanking. We all enjoyed every word of it and are about the meeting at Roger Williams looking forward to the next one. Memorial Baptist church, an interest- Mrs. Read, in Current Events, spoke of ing letter that brings to the absent the Vorld's Sunday School Convention members who longed to be there, an that has just been held in Japan, that there inside glimpse of what happened; a are 100,000 Christians and 150,000 Sundaybreezy letter that makes the people school scholars, showing the progress made who wonder what the missionary so- and the difference from 100 years ago, when foreigners were forbidden their ports. She ciety is doing, understand that things spoke tenderly of the death of the sweet singing evangelist, Mr. Charles M. Alexare really being accomplished; a so- ander, who wrote the "Glory Song."

ciety letter with delightful little per- Mrs. Arthur G. Dunn, who is gifted with

BEST METHODS

such a lovely voice, sang a heautiful solo. Most interesting investigation and Circle No. J. presented the third chapter reports were made.

of the study-book and Mrs. Hunter, Mrs.

Johnson, Mrs. Read and Miss Grace John- A PROGRAM BY MAIL son took part.

We have another dear missionary to add Truth is unchanged and unchanging, to our personal knowledge and prayer list, but methods of presenting unchangein Mrs. Dr. Lesher, who spoke to us in the able truth may frequently be changed Mizpah class, and also yesterday. She and to good advantage. her husband, who is also a medical missionary, went out eleven years ago from Miss Jessie Cross, of Michigan, sug- Trenton, N. J., to Swatow and Chowyong, gests an interesting variation in the China. They minister to 250,000 people in form of a Program by Mail. their hospital and mission. They are obliged to use corners of their church room for a After the devotional and business hospital, and in spite of inadequate facilities parts of the program are concluded are turning many from idolatry to Christ. the president announces that inasmuch Instead of being called foreign devils, as as mail order supplies are so much in they were when they first went out, the peo- use she wants her society to be strictly ple bow very respectfully and say "Payong," up-to-date, so she decided to try a mail which means, "Peace to you." They expect order program, which, as is usually the to sail January 8th, to take up their work case with mails, seems to be late. A with a vision of what South China will be klnock sounds, and the postman in in two generations hence. uniform or with badge enters with a sack of mail. A very dainty and hountiful lunch was served us by Mrs. Nelson and her com- The president opens the sack and mittee, and the decorations were red and distributes the mail that has been pregreen. viously prepared and addressed. She asks that no one open her mail until With hest wishes for a very Merry called on to do so. There are in the Christmas, I am, Sincerely yours, MRS. L. M. RICE, Extension Dept. Sec.

sack: THE MOUNT HOLYOKE STAY-AT- 1. Letters addressed to various HOME DEPUTATION members. These should be opened . V~rsa~ile leadership, a fine type of and marked extracts read. Real let- ImagmatlOn, and deputation reports ters from real missionaries may be obplus some thorough investigation and tained in some instances. Extracts research resulted in one of the most un- from articles and letters in missionary usual and helpful mission study groups magazines may be copied. Foreign reported. This was one of the Mount stamps may be secured to make the Holyoke Mission Study classes which letters more real. was modeled after the deputation which last year visited mission lands 2. Post cards. A number of cards under the auspices of the Federation (one for each member, if society is not of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- too large) should be received from the sions of North America. The ten different fields and should each conmembers of the class were assigned to tain some short, snappy bit of informathe five commissions into which the tion. Mission Board headquarters Federation Deputation was divided, will supply the cards and the comtwo each going on the commissions mittee can write the messages on them. for: Education, Evangelism, Social Service, Medicine, Economics. 3. Newspapers. Some copy of a foreign paper, or of a missionary mag- The aim of the various commissions azine with a poem, an article or some was "race appreciation, or seeing the notes m'1rked. Marked passages to be world as God sees it and seeing missionary work in its real light." Each read. member sought true Christian internationalism. 4. A roll of music. This should be a missionary or devotional song, ad- dressed to a musician who is prepared to sing it.

5. Photographs. Secure one or just as well as the first, and that the second more interesting missionary pictures. could be taught last as well as second. May be actual photographs or reprints cut from magazine and mounted "Our leaders had very little time to preon cardboard. Members receiving pare for the work owing to the lateness 0 f these should be prepared to tell some- the edition of the book, and so I devised thing about each picture. this plan in order to make it possible for each teacher to become expert along a 6. Parcel post. Various articles special line. I submitted to the leaders the may be wrapped in parcel post pack- topics and asked them to make a choice of ages, curios from mission fields, the topic they would choose to present. laces or other work of industrial mis- Each fortunately had his choice, and so sions. Short stories or incidents con- when we prepared for the work each prenected with each may be told as they pared on just one chapter and focused time are unwrapped. If a social hour is to and energies and research work all upon be added all the refreshments may that one chapter. come in parcel post packages: "When we arrived at New Wilmington we A box of sandwiches, found that we had about forty missionaries A package of tea, on the ground who were able to help us out A sack of lemon drops (for the tea), in putting our plan into effect. So we di- A box of wafers, Candied ginger or dates, or whatever is vided them, according to their preference, into teams. Those who preferred to deal to be served. with the political situation went with the political leader. We sent the doctors with In some societies it might be possible the teacher who had the medical chapters, the school leaders with the one teaching to make the entire meeting a surprise the educational chapter, and the others ac- cording to their preference. It was wonexcept to a small committee. care being derful to hear those missionaries tell of taken to assign parts of the program their own work and their Own experiences in India, Egypt, and the Sudan, verifying to people who can take the part with- the facts presented in the be-ok.

out advance preparation. "The class leader was prepared to develop the points brought out in the chapter by All parcels should be wrapped with Mrs. Gamewell, and drew out the members of the class along the line that she wanted care, and foreign stamps pasted on to stress, and then she asked the opinion of the missionaries as to those same problems when possible. . in India, Egypt and the Sudan, comparing and contrasting with the statements of Mrs. MISSION STUDY PLAN FOR CON- CameweII. The teacher gave opportunities for the members of the class to a,k ques- FERENcEs tions. and to express opinions with refer- At the 1919 sessions of the New ence to these points and made the class- Wilmington Conference Miss Anna room a re"l laboratory for the study of our Milligan, the Educational Secretary work in all our fields. of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, "Classes did not move, but leaders with worked out a Mission Study plan teams went to a different room anr a dif· which proved successful, and which is fercnt group each day, for the six days. suggestive to cities or communities or churches in which several classes use "Members of the study dasses had ;'ppor- tunity of meeting the missionaries personthe same textbook. ally and of becoming better acquainted with them than evcr before. They went to them September 11, 1919. with questions after the class hour was over. Some took their names and addresses, "We used the book, 'New Life Currents not only at home, but in their fields, and in China,' by Mrs. Gamewell. which is di- promised to cooperate with them in any way vided into six subjects. The first chapter is possible. They determined to send such the political chapter. The second, third supplies and helps to them as the missionand fourth deal with the medical work: the aries may use in their work hereafter. All fifth with the industrial; the sixth with the in all it was a perfectly delightful period. educational; the seventh with the social, I believe it is a method of work that will and the eighth with the Church in China. be continued in the coming years in our There is no pedagogical reason why one summer con ferences. chapter should precede another. We worked out this plan on the supposition that "I have thought perhaps in a town where the eighth chapter could be taught first there are five or six churches, each church might organize a class and provide a leader for one chapter. If there are missionaries available, :hat will be very fortunate. If

there are not missionaries available, there exchange of good ideas and methods might be provided a team of the young people who would become expert in other fields of work.

and go about with each missionary study RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT class leader from class to class, prepared to play the missionary's part on the work of LINCOLN his adopted field. Each missionary, or each The leaders of the churches in Lin- coln, Nebraska, realized that some conyoung pder er ssos ninr e pcroessteunmt ien gotrh ewme aisrsiaonbfaidelgd~ certed effort on the part of all the might churches was needed to supplement the work of religious education being telling what country he'represents and be- come so familiar with the other mission field that it would be possible for laboratory wOl:k to be done in each of the sessions."

done by each denomination through its WORKING TOGETHER own agencies. The five downtown churches decid- The Philadelphia Conference of the ed to cooperate in a summer school.

'vVomen's Home Missionary Society A meeting of the five pastors was held, of tl.e Methodist Episcopal Church a committee of ten, two from each !las been especially happy in develop- church, was appointed, and a director ~ng plans for the working together of was chosen.

Its four secretaries of Young People's The church with the best equipment Work. in its plant was chosen as the meeting The conference is divided into four place, and a director for the school districts and each district has a secre- was selected. tary of Young People's Work. On the second Saturday of each month the The committee of ten set the dates Conference Secretary of Young Peo- for the school, determined the courses ple's Vork invites her four District to be offered, selected the teachers, Secretaries to an informal luncheon at made a tentative budget and assumed her home at one o'clock. The after- entire responsibility for the school. noon is spent in prayer and in earnest discussion of the best methods of Four teachers were secured, each to doing the work. Plans are made for receive $2.00 a morning. In addition the coming month. The National Sec- four others who were situated so they retary of Young People's Work was could do so, offered their services withtheir guest one month. Other national out salary, as the work progressed. A or conference officers are occasional carpenter from one of the large New guests, so that the district secretaries York factories came every morning to have opportunity to get clear ideas of teach simple lessons of carpentry. The the relationship of the various depart- boys crowded around him eagerly. ments and learn to know the entire Volunteer teachers also helped with work. the sewing, and the sewing room proved a busy and popular room dur- ing two forty-five minute periods each These monthly conferences bring day.

the secretaries very close, both in fel- Almost all of the children elected a lowship and in service. The Confer- course of art work. The work was ence Secretary has the entire territory closely correlated with the Bible study ~efore her and is ready with sugges- which all the school has the first pe- tIOns for the organization of new cir- riod.

cles and the following up of inactive The missionary training of the ones. • school consisted not only in the actual These informal meetings of confer- class periods of Bible and missionary ence secretaries have resulted in de- teaching, but also in the bringing in of lightful fellowship, helpful coopera- children of other nationalities, and the tion, a Biblical sharing of each others practical lessons of world brotherhood burdens and responsibilities, and an and everyday Christianity.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGES FOR that we may secure the entire amount WOKEN OF THE ORIENT within the first two weeks of Decem- ber. Each state will have its quota Thousands of women throughout and it is hoped that many states will the country have responded to the call assume the expense of a building for for the International Christmas Gift one of the colleges.

for these colleges. There were many The amount asked, $3,000,000, does reasons why the whole objective was not seem excessive for seven institunot gained, chief among them the call tions, of which two are medical from Mr. Hoover for $10 gifts for schools, requiring very expensive starving children in Europe and later equipment.

the pitiful call for famine relief in It is a matter of great encourage- China. There were also many other ment to the Joint College Board that calls and special reasons why those the Associated Collegiate Alumn<e who might have given could not at this took action, at its recent convention in time. Washington, approving the plans, and Notwithstanding all the difficulties will have a part through its branches We are able to report a considerable in the securing of the funds. It is amount raised through the efforts at also hoped that women's colleges Christmas. The gifts in pledges and throughout the country will share in cash are something over $200,000. To this important piece of Christian interthis the cooperating Woman's Boards nationalism.

have added about $300,000, and $200,- It is expected that literature will be 000 have been received from the Laura ready for the summer schools. A Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund. very simple pageant called "Lighting This amount has already been sent and the Christmas Candles" was used in the work is beginning in the colleges. the East last winter, and resulted in In response to the appeal from the very generous gifts. With some re- Joint College Committee on these vision it will be presented again and union colleges, representing the offers a suggestion for Summer School Boards cooperating, the trustees of the programs.

Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial In these colleges we find hope for Fund have granted approximately $1,- the future. We cannot expect to evan- 000,000 on condition that $2,000,000 gelize great races except through their more is raised. Plans are under way own trained Christian men and womfor the completion of the work and en. Hitherto the women have had committees have been organized in the scant attention and while in Japan the various states. The only state thus Government has made very large ap- far to secure its full quota is the little propriations for thirty-three universtate of Rhode Island. Others, how- sities for men, not one dollar has gone ever, have made a good beginning. It into the higher education of women. is proposed to continue the work of "There are more licensed prostitutes organizing the states and the issuing and geisha girls in Japan than young of suitable literature. In the autumn women in high schools."

a special effort will be made to com- These colleges, four of them born plete the entire amount. The Boards during the war, will not in any degree interested in the colleges are making meet the needs of these vast populapreparation to enter into a well- tions, but will serve as models and will planned campaign. It is hoped that all train the first Christian educators and will be in readiness by November and leaders among women.

482 It is, perhaps, the greatest work that speaking of her recently, referred to Woman's Boards have before them, the fact that she was' always, unless to finance, staff and equip these Chris- prevented by illness, present at the tian centers of higher education. Be- prayer meeting of the church, keenly ginning fifty years ago, with an ilIit- interested in every detail and most val- erate womanhood, Woman's Boards of uable as an advisor and helper.

Foreign Missions have built up an edu- Mrs. Rockefeller was very gentle cational system which culminates to- and modest, always effacing herself, day in these colleges. It would be but quietly she accomplished a great disastrous to all the work if they were work. Keenly intelligent on all mat- allowed to fail for lack of funds. ters of education and missionary inter- Even those Boards not actively cooper- est she unassumingly and generously ating in their support must use them, met hundreds of needs.

since there are no others for the train- While she left to her husband and ing of their students and for that rea- son the administration of larger gifts son it seems just that there should be they were deeply influenced by her in- a public appeal in which all denomina- terest and spirit, and nave perpetuated tions should unite. It is also to be her life and memory in the great Me- noted that colleges in America have morial Fund which bears her name.

not depended wholly upon gifts of 'there have been many valuable gifts women for their support. Wellesley, made to women. One of the most Vassar and other great institutions beautiful in the world is the tomb, Taj have profited from large gifts of men. Mahal, which an Eastern king built in We believe there are many who might the memory of his wife. In this me- invest in like manner in these colleges morial we find the possibilities of a far for women in the East, realizing that more beautiful, living gift which is to what is done for women will have a shine in the lives of thousands of great effect on the nation. China can- Oriental women. Mrs. Rockefeller, in not build a republic on an illiterate her quiet loveliness as a Christian womanhood; Japan will never be a woman of highest culture was a model Christian nation "fit to enter the fam- for all Christian women. May her ily of nations" until she has Christian life and spirit be perpetuated in this leadership among her women who are memorial, as her name will be.

so wonderfully qualified to take higher THE SUMMER SCHOOLS OF training; India, whose women are still enslaved through the customs fos- MISSIONS tered by Hinduism and Buddhism, can- All up-to-date missionary societies not be free until the women are made are looking forward to Summer free. Schools. Weare presenting a list just received from Mrs. ]. Harvey Borton, Laura Spelman Rockefeller Moorestown, N. ]., chairman of the An Appreciation Committee for Summer Schools of the Federation of Woman's Boards of The women who are to receive the Foreign Missions. It is extremely imgreat blessing of higher education portant that every missionary society through the gift of the Laura Spelman have at least one representative at one Rockefeller Memorial Fund will wish of these schools. The lectures on the to know something of the woman in textbooks, Senior and Junior, the valwhose name this gift is made. uable sessions on Methods, the inspira- Mrs. Rockefeller was a teacher in tional evenings with missionaries, the her early life. She was a devoted simple, effective pageants, and above Christian and in every relation of life all the fellowship together, one heart, she carried her Christian principles to one mind, is of untold value. If you the very end. Her pastor, now Pres- have not decided, decide now to go to ident Faunce of Brown University, in your nearest Summer School.

1. New England and the East Federation of Women's Board,s of Foreign Missions Joint Conferences-Home and Foreign Mountain Lake Park, Md" Miss Susan C. Dallas, Tex., Mrs. M. C. Porter, 2828 Perrysville Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia. Chambersburg, Pa., Miss Mary C. Pea- 6. Pacific Coast States cock, Torresdale, Pa. Joint Conferences-Home and Foreign Council of Women for Home Missions Mt. Hermon, Cal., Mrs. J. C. Aleter, 21 East Northfield, Mass., Mrs. Taber Knox, Mountain Ave., Oakland, Cal.

Warwick, N. Y.

Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Council of Women for Home Missions Missions Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, East Northfield, Mass., Mrs. William 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Waters, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. City. Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Chautauqua, N. Y., Mrs. T. E. Adams, Missions 2033 East 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. S. B. Hicks, 138 New Wilmington, Pa., Miss Anne Milli- East Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. gan, 200 North 15th St., Philadelphia. THE KINGDOM AND THE NATIONS Oxford, Pa., Rev. L. E. Rife, 2145 North 2d St., Philadelphia. This study book, issued by the Cen- tral Committee on the United Study 2. Southern States of Foreign Missions, is a study of the Religious Reconstruction of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign World. It seemed desirable to the Missions committee to have a forward-looking young man write such a book; and Dr. Tuscaloosa, Ala. (colored), Mrs. W. C. North was secured as especially fitted Winsborough, 257 Field Building, St. for the work. The committee was Louis. very anxious that the religious side of reconstruction should be made promi- Montreat, N. C., Mrs. M. C. Porter, 2828 nent. There have been so many cures Perrysville, Pittsburgh, Pa. for human ills in these last years of war that have not proved efficacious. 3. Middle West There is only one possible cure and that has not been tried to any great Joint Conferences-Home and Foreign extent. There can be no settlement of the world's present unrest except in Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, the plan which God Himself gave. 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Dr. North makes this point very Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Del- clear in every chapter of his book. He aware, Ohio. has presented the plan of the book in the Introduction leading up to the six Minnesota, Minn., Mrs. W. U. Smith, chapters- 1044 Marshall Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Chapter I. Japan and Korea. Pederation of Women's Boards of Foreign Chapter II. China. Missions Chapter III. India, Islam and the Near Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. J. F. Witherow, Tar- East. kio, Mo. Chapter IV. Africa and Latin America. Chapter V. What the World Needs. Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Box Chapter VI. What is Required of Us. 54, Sta. A, Cleveland, Ohio. In addition to the latest information New Concord, Ohio, Rev. J. K. Mont- on these countries furnished in part gomery, D.D., New Concord, O. by the Surveys of the Interchurch V'orld Movement, and in part by his Wooster, 0., Mrs. Smith Conley, 57 S. own extensive travels in the East and Champion St., Columbus, Ohio. careful study, Dr. North has given us Xenia, Ohio, Rev. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio.

Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, Ill.

4. Western States 5. Southwestern States Joint Conferences-Home and Foreign Oklahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gil- liam, 2244 Oklaholaa City, Okla.

Council of Women for Home Missions , Dallas, Tex., Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETT

in the last two chapters a remarkable preacher among the South Sea Ischallenge as a Christian Church. landers.

This is not essentially a book for In the fourth chapter, "The Hermit women, though every Christian woman of the Himalayas," we see in the life should study it. It should be consid- of Mary Reed, Jesus ministering to the ered by the whole Church and might lepers. well be used in our colleges as a textbook. In the fifth chapter "The Veteran of Van," we find Christ, the Healer, In the last chapter Dr. North points through George Raynolds, the typical out that there are two ways in which medical missionary. we may hope to attain our end as a Christian Church, one by evangelizing In the sixth chapter, "Service the nations of the world and the other Stars," we see in Mary Morrill, who by Christianizing our international re- won her gold star in martyrdom, the lations. spirit of Him who laid down His life for humanity, and not in vain. The book will be taught at Summer Schools and should be in the hands of We believe this book should have a p;l'itors and Christian leaders through- larger use than in the Junior Mission out the country. Band. We commend it to Sunday- school teachers of boys and girls of "A Noble Army" twelve years and over. It is too late to wait for our appeal for volunteers This is the title of our Junior text- until our boys and girls have gone to book by Ethel Daniels Hubbard, pub- college. Jesus was twelve years old lished by the Central Committee on when He said, "Know ye not that I United Study. The little volume of must be about my Father's business?" six' chapters aims to reach the elder Juniors or Intermediate grade from THE ANNUAL REPORT twelve years old and upward, a simpler book being provided for younger chil- The Annual Report of the Federadren by the Missionary Education tion of Voman's Foreign Missionary Movement. Societies is filled with interesting ma- terial. The story of the Christian Lit- The missionaries of the Cross are erature Committee and its great work the army which is to conquer the world under the leadership of Miss Kyle, the through the great host who are to be work of the student committee, and brought under the captain, Jesus the Union College committee, then the Christ, through their efforts. story of the Central Committee during its twenty-one years of service and the The Introduction presents the plan account of the Birthday Party, with It of the book. It is not merely a series report of the Committee on Summer of disconnected biographies. The six Schools would furnish a delightful chapters follow the kinds of work that program for local federations or wom- Jesus did here on earth. In the first an's circles in the churches. Send for chapter, "The Smoke of a Thousand the report (price 20 cents), on sale at Villages," we have the story of Moffat all vVoman's Boards. at work in the home, and in evangelization among the dark tribes of Africa. The Deputation Report also would make a delightful program for women In the second chapter, "The Boy who wish to be in close touch with the with Five Talents," we find the work rapidly moving progress of Woman's of Jesus as teacher exemplified in Wil- Foreign Missionary Societies. To imliam Carey. personate the women who went on this trip, returning to tell the great stories In the third chapter, "The King of of woman's work in the Orient would the Cannibals," we find in John G. form a delightful and unique program. Paton the pioneer reformer and 5

fROM .MrANY 1ANDS

AFRICA A Chief Becomes a Christian Central Africa's New Cathedral A MlANI, an influential chief over several East African tribes, who T WENTY years ago the London was once a cruel and wicked ruler, has Missionary Society entered the recently became a Christian. The fol- Luapula Valley and occupied the area lowing letter to a missionary worker around Kazembe's-a country where of the American Friends' Mission at Livingstone began his pathfinding. Kaimosi shows his change of heart: There the L. M. S. has labored effectively until they have about forty out- Myself here Chief Amiani today am prayschools and 5,000 adherents. Recently ing God and wanting to be a Christian. a new brick church has been erected at Also I am wanting to meet with the Chris- Mbereshi, and Dan Crawford, who is tians at Kaimosi all the days truly. Also known among the natives as Bwana I have put away all of my seven heathen Nkonga-"the Gatherer of the Peo- wives. I have not one left. They went ples"-was invited to consecrate ~he home the 18th of May. Also I am wanting building. Many Europeans came, lll- a Christian wife and I am trying to get one eluding government officials and high trnlv. churchmen, and King Kazembe with all his retinue. Mr. Crawford opened I· am praying to rod every day. Greetthe Gothic door with a great ivory key ings to all of the white people truly. carved from an elephant's tusk from the local marshes. The key was after- My words are finished. wards presented to Mr. Crawford in Myself your friend. a casket of local mahogany. CHIEf A"rJAXI.

American Friend.

A School at Chikore AT Chikore, East Central Africa, two hundred miles from a railway and in the heart of the forest is a mis- sion school so largely attended that MosleJU Voters in Algeria most of the classes have to be held outside the building. After the morn- A MONG other political reforms in- ing session all the boys are required to troduced by France in Algeria is a work in the field. The hoes are placed liberal franchise for the native popula- on the ground, a signal giveV and t~e tion. Although this law has been in boys rush in and grab the hoes. ThiS force over a year, the Mussulman pop- is not due to an eagerness for work, ulation has so far made no use of this but each boy scrambles to get the opportunity. Of the 50,000 Kabyles smallest hoe. Many of the pupils in the town of Algiers not one has ex- come direct from heathen kraals. ercised this privilege. The probable reason is that the Mussulman does not A Visit to Barotseland care to buy political status at the price M c. ISS W. MACKINTOSH, vf surrendering his native customs. Polygamy, extreme ease of divorce, author of "Coillard of the Zamspecial laws of succession (women only inheriting half as much as men besi," has been making a tour of and eldest sons receiving most often three-fourths of the father's estate), African mission stations under the are so engrained in the Mussulman soul that any renunciation of them Paris Evangelical Mission. Of the would seem impossible to practically the whole of the native population. Basutoland Mission she writes: "A truly marvelous work is being carried on here by the ordained na- tive pastors, who outnumber the European staff, and by the hundreds of evangelists, schoolmasters and 486 Bible women. About two thousand on the closing day, when thirteen were converts from among the heathen have been added to this Church during the baptized. Life of Faith. last year. The discipline of the 'Fora' (French) Church, as it is called, is The Africa Inland Mission exceedingly strict. From its first founding ninety years ago, mercenary T H.E Africa Inland Mission, foundmarriages and the brewing and drink- ed in 1895, is now reaching twenty ing of strong beer have been forbidden different tribes in 40 mission stations. to communicants; wives of polygam- There are 183 missionaries, of whom ists, except the first and only legiti- 156 belong to the American Section mate wife, must separate from their and 27 to the British and Australian husbands, and the spirit as well as the Section. letter of I Cor. vi. has been followed, 'Have no fellowship with the unfruit- The territory occupied includes ful works of darkness.' The Angli- Kenia Colony, British East Africa, can and Roman Catholic Churches with 18 stations and headquarters at have from their first arrival in the Kijabe; Tanganyika Territory (three country countenanced all these three stations south of the Victoria Nyevils; consequently many who have anza); the Belgian Congo (20 stations been taught and converted in the west and northwest of Lake Albert), 'Fora' prefer to join a Church which with headquarters at Aba. The Misallows liberty in these respects." sion is also extending westwards along the Velie River and northwest along Miss Mackintosh was most im- the border of the Congo State. It pressed on her journey with the spir- should prove an important factor in itual opportunities in connection with arresting the southern march of Islam. the ministry of healing. In a territory larger than England and Scot- Mr. Hurlburt is now on his way land she found but one qualified physi- back to America. His daughter, who cian. Drugs are scarce and costly and was a valued helper, died in London an appalling amount of disease pre- en route. vails, especially leprosy. Industrial Institute at Quessua New Station in Nyassaland T HE Methodist Board of Foreign NATIVE Christian Conventions Missions has recently purchased are held annually in connection 8,000 acres of farm land in Portuguese with the Nyassaland Industrial Mis- Vest Africa for a demonstration farm sion, when "the tribes of the Lord go and trades school for African Negroes, up" to the central stations from all the on the model of Hampton and Tuskeoutlying areas. The meetings last year gee Institutes. were held as usual at Likubula and Ekolo, and a third convention was The high cost of living in Africa held at Nkate, a district which has since the war has caused hardships to only recently heard the Gospel. It is the native population. Cotton cloth a testimony to the success of the mis- and iron hoes cost five times more than sion that a convention was called so in 1914. Before the war, plantation soon. Groups marched in from the hands wore three or four yards of various villages, each headed by the cloth around them, now only a half a village teacher, singing native hymns yard is used, and many natives wear to old familiar tunes. Meetings were only the skin of some bush cat or held nearly all day long, especially on gazelle. Sunday, and such numbers assembled that the throng outside exceeded the Establishment of the farm and number within the building. The trades school forms part of a plan to first baptism in this district took place raise the economic status of the Afri- can natives necessary for successful mission work on a large scale.

A brewing plant, which was located on this newly acquired tract will be converted into a sugar mill.

The Exiled Herero Christians MOSLEM LANDS W HEN the Herero insurrection Cairo University and the Sultan broke out in 1904 the Mbandjerus tribe left the land of their fa- T HE Sultan of Egypt recently exthers and practically disappeared. pressed himself as looking to the They wandered through British new American University at Cairo to Bechuanaland as far as Lake Ngami produce thoroughly trained men of and most of them settled there, but a high moral character. The attitude of small group of about 1,000 reached the the one hundred and fifty students, Zambesi River and located near a Ger- two-thirds of them Moslems, may be man military station. They had been summarized somewhat as follows: Christianized by Lutheran mission- "Offer us what you have and we aries, and last year two Hermanns- will study it. Ve expect you to stand burg workers from the northern by your principles, to be Christian, as Transvaal visited them and found that well as American, thorough and confi- dent in your heritage, and built upon they had built up a little village and the experience and ideals of your race erected a church. An evangelist named and nation. This does not commit us Ephraim and a deacon named Tim- to subscribe to your religious confesothy were ministering to their spiritual sion; but it does mean that we are ready to investigate what you offer, needs. When the visiting missionaries for today is the day of inquiry in our arrived, fifty adult candidates for bap- land as it has never been before. We tism were presented, and sixty-one want to get at the truth in science and children. After a two-weeks' stay history, and to make thorough investiamong them, the tribesmen urged the gations along moral, social and politmissionaries to accept a thank-offering ical lines. Yon say the foundations of Vestern snccess are in its conception of $175. Thus a little group of exiles, of God and man, or in Christ's teach- ings. Then show us that and prove in a strange land and surrounded by it."

heathen environment, has maintained This is indeed a challenge to the leaders in this undertaking. the pure worship of God and demon- United Presbyterian. strated the vitality of the Christian Purity Campaign in Egypt faith. Rhenish Society Report. T HE fight against the prevailing im- African P.n-able of Indecision morality in Egyptian cities has al- ready been described in these columns. N ATIVE preachers are very apt in Individuals have been turned back their practical iIIustration of from evil paths, and some have been Christian truth. In a sermon on the converted; some streets have been text "V.'hy halt ye between two opin- placed "out of bounds" for soldiers, ions," a Nguna teacher gave an illus- and a few resorts have been closed. tration culled from local mythology. But this is a very inadequate result in A bird on Nguna was thirsty and removing degrading influences. Some- thing is needed in governmental rewanted water. Hearing the sound of form. and still more in giving the Gosa running stream on Efate it flew away pel of Christ to these thousands who in that direction. While flying it caught a.re living and dying in ignorance and the sound of running water from sm. another direction and at once turned on its course. After flying for some Immorality in Egypt, as in other distance the stream on Efate again at- countries, is a menace to physical tracted its attention, and the poor bird, health as well as to moral and spiritual with the sound of both streams in its life. Police statistics show that the ears, was unable to determine which one to select. At length, tortured by thirst and overcome with exhaustion, it fell dead between the two streams.

19~11 NEWS FRO~ MANY LANDS

number of government licensed wom- ings for men, and a few Bible classes.

en in Cairo alone in 1916 was 1,755, Attendance at the Sunday meetings and in 1919, 'after peace was declared, averages fifty.

the number had decreased only about The bringing of Turkish youth into ten per cent. A great scourge of dis- contact with other nationalities, includ- ease broke out in 1916 as a result of ing the Armenian, makes for future the prevalence of immorality among conditions of harmony,' but there is soldiers stationed in Egypt. The num- great need for a practical school of re- ber of unlicensed women given over to ligion where the laity may be trained vice is estimated at over 7,000 in in the study of the Bible, of religious Cairo alone. thought and progress throughout the Mr. A. T. Upson, with one or two world and of methods for the applica- brave and devoted helpers, is waging tion of religion to everyday life in Tur- a persistent warfare against this evil. key.

He is doing educational work through tracts, is rescuing some from the Near East Relief Work downward road, and is stirring the I T IS estimated that approximately g-overnment to action. The work of 2,790,490 Armenians are stitlliving, Sherwood Eddy in Egypt was very ef- out of a pre-war population of about fective in awakening a sense of sin 4,000,000. According to the annual among the young men, and one thou- report filed with Congress by the Near sand of them, who had been addicted East Relief, receipts and disburseto vice, filled out cards asking for spir- ments for the year 1920 amounted to itual help. The fight against this sin $14,596,336.89, the total amount since must be: the committee's organization being (1) By appeals to authorities to $46,482,924.48. Flour and other mer- close disorderly resorts and to prohibit chandise bring the total relief valua- vile exhibitions and evil literature. tion administered through this channel (2) By prayer to God for the sin- up to $60,000,000.

ners and for those engaged in combat- As to accomplishment. the report ing the evil. shows 711 American and Canadian re- (3) By active preventive, rescue lief workers, including physicians, sur- and corrective work. The "Alliance geons, nurses. mechanics, industrial of Honor" is growing, and at Minia experts, engineers. agriculturists.

one hundred members joined the so- teachers, administrators, orphanage ciety in one evening. There is need experts, supply. transportation and for more workers in cities and towns, general relief workers employed on lit- in colleges and homes. Pray for the tle more than a volunteer basis, while work and the workers. 87,291 native workers have been em- ployed. The organization has main- The Y. M. C. A. in Turkey tained 63 hospitals, with 6,522 beds, T HE Young Men's Christian Asso- 128 clinics, 11 rescue homes. 299 or- ciation is an important factor in phanages accommodating 54.600 chilthe recomtruction of the Near East. dren, and 56.039 children outside of The relation of the Association's reli- orphanages.

gious service to the Eastern churches is one of the problems presented. Thus British Girls' High School, Jerusalem I far the feeling of the Greek and Ar- N September, 1918, the Syria and Palestine Relief Commission found menian patriarchs has been most friendly, as they have observed the themselves obliged to take over a Ger- beneficial results of the work. The man Orphanage in Jerusalem. and question of discovering native Chris- decided to open it as a Girls' School.

tian leaders, and of training them is When missionary Societies were per- also paramount. The present program mitted to resume work in Palestine, is confined to Sunday afternoon meet- the Church Missionary Society, the

Jerusalem and ::-Jear East Mission, the horseflesh for sale, with a yak's tail London Jews' Society and the United hung over it. The Sarts are fond of Free Church of Scotland Mission unit- drum beating and dancing, and at their ed in the plan of developing this as a marriages and festivals, the monoton- Secondary School; the four societies ous drumming goes on for hours. agreeing to furnish the staff and be Both men and women use a prepara- responsible for the funds until self- tion of tobacco and lime, which is support is reached. Miss Warburton moistened and rolled into small pills; of the British Syrian Girls' College in these are placed between the lip and Beirut is the Principal. teeth of the lower jaw. This prepara- tion has an offensive smell and black- Opportunity is offered students to ens and rots the teeth. Many are also share in the intellectual life of the addicted to the smoking of bang, a Vest without leaving Palestine. Old- drug made from hemp, the continued er girls are given preliminary prepa- use of which seems as degrading as ration for Law, Pharmacy, Archre- the opium habit. The Sarts take full ology and Agriculture. advantage of the lax Mohammedan laws regarding marriage, and divorces HOllleless Nestorians are common. Like other Moham- medans the Turki women are supposed T HIRTY thousand Assyrian Chris- to be veiled in public, but this custom tians are all that are left of 200,000 is lightly regarded in Eastern Turkwho lived in the mountains round estan; in the Vest, however, Turki about U rumia plain when the war priests beat the women who have venbroke out. Driven from their homes, tured to appear unveiled upon the batheir patriarch dead, with nowhere to zaar. go, they are being herded by the British government under guard in the INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON Tigris valley. The British hoped to take them back eventually to their own The Governor of Bombay's TestillLony district, but have failed so far to accomplish it. Great Britain would like A T A RECENT exhibition in Byto have the United States provide a culla, held by the Church of Engrefuge for them, and a proposal has land Missionary Societies, Hon. been made to transfer them to Canada. George Lloyd, the governor of Bom- They are a mountain-loving people, bay, made a significant statement as to and in the hot lowlands of the Tigris the government attitude toward the they are iII and homesick. No one missionary enterprise. He said in seems to know what to do with them, part: and unless some philanthropic, statesman-like mind undertakes a solution ";'0 one need have any doubts about the of the problem, these 30,000 Christians propriety or the wisdom of missionary enmust remain in lower Mesopotamia, terprise. It is one of the definite things that probably the most forlorn people in the we are under orders to carry out. Nobody world today. can have any doubts about it so long as he is a true Christian, because the orders are Sarts of Turkestan clear and definite. Therefore it is only a question of ways and means and of enthusi- R EV. G. W. HUNTER describes astic workers to carry out that missionary the Sarts of Chinese Turkestan enterprise. according to the doctrines of the as Mohammedans of a very bigoted orders under which we all serve. Xow, it type, although of late years a small is often said that government in this counpercentage of them are inclined to be try is neutral. It is rightly so said. That open and progressive. They number is to say. that under the government in over 1,500,000, differ entirely from this country and the Empire there is freetheir Chinese neighbors and aregen- dom, full and complete, for all sects and erally known as Turki Sarts. They classes of the people. But that does not eat the flesh of horses, and one may mean in my humble interpretation that the sometimes see on the Yarkand bazaar government in this country should for that reason not encourage missionary enterprise and show it sympathy. After all. so long as we carry out our duty, which is to give

EWS FRO~I MANY LANDS

freedom to all religions, we still have a movement has not only led to the closright to carry out the orders which we as ing of certain taverns, but has influa Christian government are bound to ac- enced the government to take a differcept." ent attitude from what it had before assumed. Further, it has led to the Dnyallodaya. working together of Hindu and Chris- tian, with the result that the feeling is Needs of Burma more cordial than before."

T HERE were in Burma in 1918 about 280 hospitals and dispensaries for the medical relief of Bur- ma's more than 12,000,000 people, Church Union in Assam which would make each dispensary responsible for something over 43,000 T HERE are 50,000 Christians in the persons. Almost all these institutions Khasi hills and 20,000 in the were provided either by a government Lushai hills of Assam. On February in sympathy with Christianity or by 19, at Laitkynsen, Khasi Hills, the Christian missions, and only a negli- churches of the Welsh General Assemgible number by the people of Burma. bly were formally united with the There is an apathetic indifference to Presbyterian Church of India. Forty suffering in the public conscience of years ago correspondence was ex- Burma. The blind in Burma easily changed regarding such an alliance, numbered 17,000 last year, and when and a week of prayer was held for mupoverty is added the condition of the tual help and guidance. sufferer is terrible indeed. There are but two institutions for the blind in At the meeting on February 19, Rai Burma, and none for the care of the Sahib Dhoni Ropinay said in the 9,000 deaf mutes. Little or no effort Khasi language: is made to care for the mentally deficient, of whom there are at least "As a Khasi, I can see many ways in which we may be a blessing and re- ceive a blessing from this union. 'vVe 9,500. According to the latest gov- are hill people; but shall we always be ernment report there are but two in- a people closed in our hills? Shall we sane asylums, the one at Rangoon be like frogs which croak in the muddy being very much overcrowded. The pool, or like the fish that go into deep number of lepers is not stated in the waters? 'vVhen I was a child, we recent government report, but those thought the world was bounded by our afflicted move about freely in the horizon. Since then we have learned country, without hindrance from any differently and have followed the one. The number of rupees spent by greater light. During the war, we Buddhists on temple support and re- went to France, Mesopotamia and Pal- ligious observances would amply pro- estine. Khasis saw the great cities and vide for the philanthropic work so ate their cold rice in the streets of greatly needed. Damascus. Shall it be longer said that we are stupid people? In times J a:lfna Going Dry past, when we were not Christians, we T HE echo of America's prohibition made treaties with the plains people.

, movement comes next from Cey- ?'ow that tile Light of the Gospel has lon. Principal Bicknell, of Jaffna Col- shone upon us, we join a union of His lege, writes: followers. May its purpose and result "There is every hope that it will not not be selfish, but to give that Light be long before we shall be bone dry to the whole of India."

here. This will be difficult, as the peo- ple get their toddy from the trees, Church for Lepers in SialD F palmyra and cocoanut, growing in their UNDS have now been secured for erecting a new and adequate back or front yards. In this move- ment onr teachers and boys have church for the leper Christian congre- taken an active part as general prop- gation at Chiengmai, and it is planned agators of temperance sentiment. The to have it ready for occupancy before

the end of the year. This leper own missionary work in a dignified, church numbers two hundred, all of prayerful way. The responsibility is whom are joyfully looking forward to in the hands of the Chinese themselves, the possession of a church home. working with an Advisory Committee When Dr. and Mrs. McKean began of Chinese and Americans. A weltheir work at Chiengmai Leper Asy- come waS given to the first party sent lum, they began it with the specific out by this new society, two men and prayer, in which they asked all their four women, to the distant province of friends to join, that every leper who Yunnan, a distance in time as great as came to the asylum should become a from America to China, and to a part follower of Christ. This prayer has of China in some ways as foreign to been abundantly answered, as every these missionaries as China is to Amerinmate, with possibly one exception, Icans. has become a Christian. Swatow Celebrates Anniversary Without the Camp. T HE sixtieth anniversary of the CHINA founding of the South China Mis- sion (American Baptist) was cele- Compulsory Education brated in Swatow on October 21st. The spectacular feature was a school T HE Ministry of Education is mak- parade a half mile long. "More than ing an effort to enforce universal, 1,200 students, all in Christian schools free education for Chinese children. and many training for definite Chris- The province of Shansi, having a most tian service, were in line to demonenlightened governor, has set the strate what God hath wrought in sixty standard and other provinces have years. The growth from a single been directed to establish free schools school with eight pupils paid for atin the following order: in provincial tending to 167 schools, with 5.565 capitals and commercial ports in 1921, pupils paying $50,000 in annual fees is in district cities in 1922, in towns with another modern miracle. more than 500 homes in 1923, in centers of more than 300 homes in 1924; Relief of the FaJlline in China and in corresponding ratio down to 1928, when villages of less than 100 OVER an area of a hundred thouhomes will be provided with schools. sand square miles in China famine stalks in grim desolation. This area This new scheme may have hin- has thrilling possibilities of missiondrances in the way as long as military ary advance. No whiter field has ever disturbances continue and teachers are been known. on strike because their salaries are unpaid. Parents are not yet awake to In Tientsin there is excellent genthe need of education, and a national eral missionary work, a flourishing sense of the evils of illiteracy is essen- boys' and girls' boarding school. Tehtial before universal education can be- chow has a strong academy for boys, come a reality. Thirty times more the Grace Wyckoff Memorial School money was spent in China last year for Girls, and the impressive Villiams for military purposes than for educa- Hospital for men and women with Dr. tion. VVhat an injustice to the future and Mrs. Tucker in charge. At Lintgenerations! sing two fine schools and another hos- pital in the care of Dr. and Mrs. Helli- Chinese "Haystack" Band well. Then at Taiku Dr. and Mrs. Hemingway have the Judson Smith T HE second annual meeting of the Memorial Hospital, and the Oberlin- new National Chinese Home Mis- Shansi Memorial Academy perpetusionary Society was held in October, ates the memory of the Boxer martyrs 1920, at Shanghai. Educated, trained of 1900. Chinese. after the more than 100 years of foreign missionary work in their country, are now fairly launching their

tEWS FROM MA~Y LANDS

American missionaries there have "We hardly realize how much that relinquished the tasks they love, for educational and missionary work has others that must be done. Their done, because one can never value the hearts are fixed on the famine-stricken effect, or estimate the force of an idea people. They must save the lives of as it permeates into the body of the as many as they possibly can in the civilization of a people. They estab- next four moriths. Every moment is lished a university. They established precious. Every dollar put in their contacts. They guided the early stu- hands means a new lease of life for dents who came in such numbers to some sufferer. the United States. They formed that Aborigines in China bond which has continued to exist be- tween our two peoples, that bond of T HE aborigines, an apparently dis- education in which thousands of Jap- tinct race, are supposed to have anese young men have come over to entered China from the northwest, study our institutions, to live in the atand to have been crowded into the mosphere of our life, and go back there mountainous southwest provinces to live in the political, commercial and where they now dwell. They number other interests of their country. over 30,000,000. The Chinese call them "sprouts," and they call the Chi- "One can hardly comprehend, in nese "guest folk," meaning strangers. the study of the Japanese problem, Their language, customs and methods the vast sympathy and affection that of marrying differ entirely from those has been created in the Japanese peoof the Chinese. The aborigines have ple by the unselfish effort of the huntheir special courting grounds. The dreds of men who have gone out there boys arrive with bundles of clean and educated those people through the clothes, and slip them over their dirty past half a century. YVe must keep ones. They whistle for the girls, who that as part of the background of any then come on the scene. In a few min- questions or problems that may arise utes one would perhaps see half a between our two peoples."

dozen shy boys singing their love songs in the company of as many giggling Comltlission on Education for Korea T girls, who would respond in tones and HE Government-General in Korea manner peculiarly their own. last January published the follow- Christian work has gone on steadily ing three principles on which educa- among these tribes. It is said that at tion in Korea is to be based: least 70,000 of them have come under r. That the educational system in Korea. the influence of Christian teaching in so far as circumstances permit, should within the past twenty years. be based upon the system of education in Japan proper; JAPAN-CHOSEN 2. That no disability should prevent the Koreans from receiving the full advantages An AD1bassador's Tribute to Missions of an education, under whatever system adopted, and even in case it should be nec- H ON. ROLAND S. MORRIS, re- essary to adopt a different system of ednca- cently the American Ambassador tion for the Koreans; to Japan, in the "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 3. That there should be a closer correla- Science," pays the following tribute to tion between the schools in Korea and the schools in Japan proper.

Christian missions: It was further recommended that "I like to think of those splendid the common school course be extended statesmen-missionaries like Verbeck to cover six years; that school age and Davis and Hepburn and Loomis, begin at six instead of eight; that one who went out in the late fifties and year be added to the course in higher seventies and became the counselors common schools; that the course for and friends of the Japanese Govern- industrial schools be lengthened from ment officials, and helped them in their three years to five years; that a nor- early contacts with vVestern life. mal school be established; and that

plans be laid for the founding of a uni- Court Trials and Religion versity. Japan Evangelist. A RECENT grand jury in Chicago included a number of outstanding NORTH AMERICA church leaders who were painfully im- pressed with the feeling that the oath Missionary Service Pins as administered meant little or nothing to most of the witnesses. I N RECOGNITION of faithful service the Presbyterian Board of The jurymen voted to have a pla- Home Missions has awarded a service card printed about four feet square pin to fifteen workers who have served and hung up on the wall directly in for twenty-five years or more. The front of the witness box, so that it pin is the board's seal in blue enamel stared straight into the eyes of every surrounded by a rim of plain gold in person who sat in the witness chair. which is engraved the year of entering This was the inscription that it bore: the work and the year of the award of the pin. On the reverse side is the "The Oath: The man who takes an oath missionary's name. enters into a covenant with God that he will act faithfully or testify truly in the case in New Headquarters for Bible Society which he is sworn."

T HE new home of the New York The sobering effect on witnesses was Bible Society, No. 5 East 48th so noticeable that the jury recommend- Street, was dedicated on April 25th, ed an order for such a sign to be placed with appropriate ceremonies. The So- in every court room of Cook County. ciety was located for fifty years in the It appears to be simple logic that if old Bible House on Astor Place. The the State expects a citizen to have a new building is a gift to the Society sufficient reverence for God to supply from the estate of the late James Tal- a compelling motive for honesty it cott, of New York. should teach him in its public schools at least enough about God and man's The building will also house the accountability to Him to lay the foun- Bible and Fruit Mission to the public dations of that reverence. hospitals of New York, of which Mrs. J ames Talcott is president, and the Fe- Gospel Team Work male Auxiliary Bible Society. The McAll Mission will hold its board T HE business men's gospel teams meetings there. The building contains of the Chicago Y. M. C. A. have an auditorium, with a capacity of 250, achieved a notable success during the which will be available for meetings of past few months. Forty. men from all all sorts, and is valued at $250,000. walks of life have banded themselves together for a type of religious work A Uniqne Church that is receiving much commendation from the churches. The teams con- T HERE is a non-denominational duct services in the churches. as well church in California ",ith about as prayer-meetings. young people's 2,200 members that supports 23 mis- meetin!{s and revival meetings. Dursionaries on the foreign field, in addi- ing 1920 they led more than 300 servtion to all its activities at home. This ices in more than 200 churches in church is only five years old and has Chicago. no organizations other than the Sunday-school and Christian Endeavor One of the workers in these activi- Society. The members make no ties is Mr. C. F. Johnson. blind since pledges, conduct no church fairs or birth, who has become the expert piano sales; have no banquets or movies, tuner of the Board of Education. but there is spiritual life, Bible teach- Evenings and Sundays with his Bible ing, Christian fellowship and devoted for the blind, he speaks from pulpits service. It is the "Church of the Open or conducts meetings for young Door" in Los Angeles. people.

"EWS FROM MAKY L-~DS

Mormons and Polygamy LATIN AMERICA HEBER J. GRAN'r, president of Gospel Supplants Pistol in Mexico the Mormon Church, is reported to have made an address in the Salt I N 'rHE state penitentiary at Mon- Lake City Tabernacle recently in terey, M'exico, the Methodist Church which he uttered a warning to "certain has held a religious service every Sunpersons among us who are declaring day for the benefit of the prisoners, that they have been instructed by the for four years with little apparent re- Lord to perform plural marriages." sult. The workers were inclined to be discouraged until the following letter "Any person who attempts' to teach was received from the prison warden: other than the prevailing system of one wife for one man is sanctioning the "Before you came, the prison was indom… practice of adultery, and any who itable; I had to go with pistol in hand to enter such marriage are guilty of adul- visit the prisoners; now I need no pistol, tery in the face of God," President everything goes well. Come, because we Grant said. need you."

'rhe Mormon Church is said to have These words were sufficient to cause excommunicated several members who the work to continue without interruphad held to the practice of polygamy. tion. A colonel who was in the prison This pernicious anachronism seems to for a few days, heard the Gospel. have been on the wane for several Today he is mayor of the town of San years, and those familiar with the sit- Nicolas de los Garza, and has invited uation agree that polygamy will prob- the pastor to start work there, he himably become extinct within the present self offering to assist in obtaining a generation. place for the services, as well as guar- anteeing necessary protection.

New COD1missioner of Indian Affairs New Parish House in Hidalgo T HE appointment of Charles H. P ACHUCA, Mexico, the capital of Burke as Commissioner of Indian Hidalgo, has a native popUlation Affairs is a cause for gratification to of 40,000, and an English-speaking colthe friends of Indians. He has served ony of 250. The Methodist Church, seven terms in Congress, and most of the only Protestant Church there, has that time was a member of the House opened a social center, and offers a Committee on Indian Affairs. He program of service to the entire comhas several times led the fight to pro- munity. A vacant school building has tect the Indians from injustices and been secured and fitted out with a wholesale plundering. piano, a library of 500 volumes, games, reading tables and athletic appliances, Mr, Burke's name is associated with Mining companies have cooperated that of the late Senator Dawes in the heartily in the enterprise. matter of Indian citizenship. The Dawes Bill of 1887 gave authority to Christian Advocate the Indian Bureau to individualize Indian land holdings, restricted the dis- Missionary Call from Honduras posal or mortgaging of these holdings for a period of 25 years, and admitted I N HONDURAS ninety per cent. of to citizenship the Indian "hose land the people cannot read and write. was individualized. It was found that There is not a trained nurse in the the granting of citizenship was imma- Republic, A city hospital in Teguciture and the Burke Act of 1906 post- galpa presents an imposing architecponed citizenship until the end of the tural appearance, but the' absence of twenty-five year period of trust. It trained nurses, and the insufficient guarded Indian interests by giving jur- equipment would hardly entitle it to isdiction over the allottee to the United rank as a hospital. The only bedding States during the quarter century provided for patients is a red blanket period. for each canvas cot, which frequently is used by successive patients without

washing. Here is a field ripe for the encourage regular church contribu- tions, with noticeable improvement in harvest, entered one year ago by the both spiritual and financial conditions.

American Baptist Home Mission So- The Continent.

ciety. Cae Hayne. EUROPE Brazil Closes Lotteries TMissionary Service League in England HE recently formed Missionary A N IMPORTANT step toward na- Service League is the outcome of tional righteousness was taken in an effort to coordinate all the activ- Brazil when the Federal Government ities ?f the Church Missionary Society, decreed that all public lotteries must and 1S a development of the Gleaners' cease from March 1, 1921. Lotteries Union. One of its aims is to enlist the have been one of the open sores of service of the younger people of the Brazil, giving employment to thou- church, and to create a fuller knowlsands of people, while morally destroy- edge of missionary apologetics. Meming hundreds of thousands. The State bership is open to anyone over sixteen of S. Paulo has up to now qeen re- years of age. The "C. M. S. Gleaner," ceiving, at present exchange, some which becomes the League's official £39,000 every year, by way of royal- organ, will be changed next year to ties received from lotteries organized "The Church Missionary Outlook." within its boundaries, and had just put up the price to £50,000 a year-in Temperance Vote in Scotland other words, had "farmed out" the lottery business. Other states did the ALTHOUGH the face value of the same, and the Federal Government as Scottish temperance vote seems diswell. appointing, no country making an in- itial trial of local option has gone far- Stewardship in Chile ther. Forty per cent. of the people voted either for complete elimination, ASTRONG evangelistic movement or drastic limitation. The areas of in Chile has culminated in a Jarge largest population, in Glasgow and the addition to the churches at Easter. Vest, showed the strongest anti-liquor Each pastor has been acting as his vote and the largest reduction of liown evangelist, holding local institute censes. The fishing towns of the meetings and organizing his church North put drink under the ban. The into groups which met regularly for act required that electors voting for prayer and conference. Each group, change had to number at least 35 per under supervision of a lay leader, cent. of the whole electorate, and that prayed for some certain person or of the votes recorded at least 55 per some particular part of the work each cent. had to be in favor of "no-license," week, and every member of the group if it was to be carried. Had a simple was expected to bring new members majority of votes cast been allowed to to his group. At the institute meetings rule, there would have been eightythere were talks and lectures on the five instead of forty-one prohibition stewardship of service, when the areas. church members were shown their individual responsibility for some par- Work for Jews in Paris ticular phase of church work. MENTION was made in the Janu- Few Chileans have ever felt any ary REVIEW of work among the responsibility for supporting their Jews of Paris as being conducted by church, and most of them spend their the London Mission to Jews. This income within a few days after re- new work is under the direction of the ceiving it and live from hand to Hebrew Christian Testimony to Ismouth until the next pay day, pawn- rael, and not the London Mission. ing their possessions if needs become Two women workers. Miss Stenius urgent. With stewardship literature and Miss Juvelius, a Finnish deaconas a basis, missionaries have sought to

XEWS FRO:'v1 MAXY LASDS

ess, who is a fully trained nurse, are lands has a small church. Tahiti is in charge of this work In addition divided into eighteen parishes and to the distribution of Christian liter- Morea into four. There are also a ature, principally the Gospels in vari- number of smaller islands over which ous languages, homes are visited and the mission exercises control. The classes and meetings are held in a lim- churches are conducted very largely ited way. The present great need is along Congregational principles. There for an adequate building where all the ;is a training college for native pastors, work can be concentrated, and a Bible the course extending over fOUf years. depot and free library opened. Twice At present there are nine students. a week the children are gathered in some Protestant church for a Bible Much of the educational work is class, and once a week the mothers carried on by the Paris Missionary come for a sewing class and Bible in- Society, although there are some govstruction combined. ernment schools.

Work for Russian Prisoners Importance of Winning Moros ONE outcome of the Gospel work BISHOP BRENT has said that the for Russian prisoners in Germanv American Government, by disduring the war, carried on by an American committee, is that some arming the Moros and compelling t"enty of these prisoners who were converted have been given an oppor- them to send their children to school, tunity to study further in preparation for evangelistic work among their own prepared the way for missionary work countrymen. Pastor Jack is conducting such a small school in Wernigrode. among them so effectively that they In spite of the paragraphs in the will probably be the first Mohamme- Bolshevist Constitution,explicitly granting liberty of conscience and free- dans to come Over to Christianity in dom of religious propaganda, the Bolshevist leaders do all they can to pre- large numbers, and Bishop Oldham vent the preaching of Christianity to Bolshevist prisoners and troops. In asserts that "the crux of missionary some of the camps there are flourishing churches and in Salzroedel, Germany, effort in Asia is in the Philippines." one has 60 members, including many Bolshevists. The American committee To the Asiatics, America appears as is supplying Bibles and Pilgrim's Progress in Russian. exemplifying in the Philippines that Gospel which missionaries are preach- ing at their doors.

Recently a Moro young man was ordained to the ministrv. He is now carrying the Gospel to his kinsmen on Mindinao. The Moros once Chris- tianized will apply the fearless zeal for which they are known to Borneo, J ava, Siam and India, and with far- reaching effect upon these citadels of Islam. Missionary Herald.

Family Prayers in Micronesia ISLANDS OF THE SEA ALL the Christians in Micronesia observe family prayers, both morn- News from Tahiti ing and evening. The signal for I T IS a little over a century since the first missionaries went to Tahiti, prayers is given in two booming notes and it was twelve years before the first converts were received. Papeete, produced from a large shell-an apa harbor town, is now the center for missionary work, as here the Islander propriate substitute for a bell in that can "see life" and men and women from near and far islands gravitate to land of shell and coral. this point, and settle in little communities. One such from the Cook Is- In Jaluit more than fifty have united with the Church, and there are many more candidates at all the preaching centers of the American Board Mis- sion. Missionary Herald.

MISCELLANEOUS ~Isia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 ,854- 65,704 1,3 14,156 Africa ……….. . 10,015 46,007 660,218 Jubilee of Woman's Baptist Society Malaysia ……… . 538 307 [5.369 T HE first of ten golden jubilee cel- Oceania ……… . 14,856 71,336 423,823 ebrations of the Baptist Voman's Foreign Mission Society to be held Grand totals … 287,426 2,586,825 27,709,jo6 from the Atlantic to the Pacific took place in Boston April 26th-28th. This Secretaries are now requested from society for women was organized by Siam, Czecho-Slovakia, Ceylon, Ma- 200 women in Boston, April 3, 1871. laysia and Korea. Additional workers The opposition encountered can are needed in Europe, India, China, scarcely be realized in view of the sub- Korea and South America. sequent achievements. Moved by the same convictions, Baptist women in MeD10rial to Dr. Stearns Chicago also formed a missionary society, and these two organizations T o PERPETUATE the mbsionary were consolidated in 1913. The so- work of Dr. D. M. Stearns an orciety has now 257 missionaries, 1,025 ganization, of which Mrs. Stearns schools, 122,968 pupils, 225 Bible is honorary president, has been effectwomen and 1,767 native assistants. ed. As heretofore, offerings will be received and forwarded without ex- Conference on Fundam.entals pense to the missionary work desig- nated. Remittances should be made T HE third Conference on Christian to the "D. M. Stearns Missionary Fundamentals will be held in Den- Fund," and addressed to 167 Vest Chelten Ave., Germantown, Pa. ver, June 12th-19th. The chairman of OBITUARY the Program Committee has indicated Dr. Maxwell, of London the following list of topics for report JAMES L. MAXvVELL. M.A., and discussion: M.D., editor of Medical Missions and head of the London Medical Mis- The Relation of Christian Fundamentals sionary Association, died March 6th, to Sunday-school Instruction. in his 85th year. Dr. Maxwell was for a time a medical missionary to China, The Relation of Christian Fundamentals and his two sons are now there in the to College Training. double ministry of healing the sick and preaching the Gospel. The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Theological Training. Dr. Maxwell also served several years on the Advisory Council of the The Relation of Christian Fundamentals Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. to Church Work. Bishop Harris, of Japan The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Evangelism. REV. MERRIAMAN COLBERT HARRIS, D.D., missionary bish- The Relation of Christian Fundamentals op emeritus of Japan and Korea, died to Religious Literature. in Tokyo, May 8th, in his seventy-fifth year. Bishop Harris was. appo~nted a The Relation of Christian Fundamentals missionary of the MethodIst EpIscopal to Social Service. Church to Japan in 1873, and had been three times decorated by the Emperor The Relation of Christian Fundamentals for meritorious services. He was esto World Missions. pecially successful in his work for the young men of the schools. Sunday-School Statistics Bishop Harris was retired in 1916, T HE total Sunday-school enrolment and spent his last years in a home on reported at the Zurich Convention the grounds of the Methodist College at Aoyama. in 1913 was 29,848,041. Owing to the war it was impossible to gather complete statistics from Europe, but the following summary is based on the best information available. The total enrolment reported at Tokyo was 30,- 296,531 : Sunday- Officers Schools & Teachers Pupils North America …. 155,944 1,697,520 17,065,061 Central America … [67 606 13,061 South America…. 3,246 16,203 146,141 West Indies …… 1,617 8,953 128,437 Europe ……….. 68,189 680.r89 7,943.44°

in the Shadows. By H. G. Wells. esting to look at from a distance

Illustrated. 12mo. 179 pp. $1.50. not reassuring. There seems little Ceorge H. Doran Co., N'ew York, 1921. hope for Russia except in a regener- ative movement. "Our dominant impression of things Home Missions Council-Annual Meet- Russian is an impression of < vast ing. Pamphlet. 270 pp. N ew York, irreparable breakdown." says Mr. 1921.

Vells. His account of his two weeks' The Annual Reports of the Home visit in 1920 (most of the time being Missions Council and the Council of spent in Petrograd) is necessarily partial and superficial. It is nevertheless interesting to see the results of the 'Nomen for Home Missions contain Soviet government through his eyes. valuable papers and discussions. These He believes that the present govern- include reports on the Indians, miment is the only possible one at the grant groups, the Negroes, immigrants, present time, but control is held by les, Orientals, Mexicans and rural com- than one-tenth of one per cent. of old munities. There are also financial sta- Russia. The Communist party num- tistics of sixty-three organizations, bers omy about 150,000 adherents and showing total appropriations of $23,- the Soviet government is not a democ- 135,601, and the usual directory of racy or a rule of the proletariat. but Home Mission Societies.

a despotism, governing by force. The Gotarna Buddha. By Kenneth J. Saunders. peasant farmers care not so long as they can live in peace. In the city of 12mo. 113 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New York, 1921. Petrograd almost all shops are closed; Buddhism is one of the great reli- for a time train transportation was free gious systems of the East. It is, like -the result was bedlam; streets are in Christianity and Mohammedanism, a a frightful condition; everyone is missionary religion, but unlike Islam shabby; the death rate has increased it has never depended for its extension fourfold and the birth rate has de- on the use of force. There are many creased to one-half what it was form- points of similarity to the teachings of erly. Drugs and medicines are prac- Christ and many divergencies-espe- tically unobtainable and in hospitals cially from evangelical Christianity. operations are performed only one day The followers of Buddha number a week. Fuel is also very scarce and about 300,000 million-or more than food is poor and scanty. Mr. Wells, any other religion except Christianity. however, blames European imperial- Gotama Buddha was a remarkable ism and not Bolshevist rule for this man. Although he was born about misery. 500 years before Christ and was Mr. Vells has great faith in his own brought up in the midst of comforts opinions, but expresses disbelief in the and with the expectation of coming Bolshevist doctrines and their prophet, into a position of influence, he re- Karl Marx. He admires their spirit nounced all earthly advantages and in- and purpose, but not their program. dulgence to find peace. The story of The educational system in Moscow and his "great discovery," his wanderings, Petrograd he believes to be good, but his teachings, his daily life, and the in- the moral conditions among the young crease of his influence is worthy of people are exceedingly bad. Of reli- careful reading. Many of Buddha's gion they have none, but superstition ideals are Christlike. The failure still remains among the ignorant. On of Buddhism comes from the lack of the whole, Mr. Vells' picture is inter- power to carry out those ideals and 499

from the .inability to reveal God and and proved successful. They are, eternal life. however, stimulating and illustrated Mr. Saunders' life of Buddha fur- with many practical experiences.

nishes valuable and reliable informa- tion for students, but is not a popular Six Thousand Country Churches. By life of the interesting prophet. Chas. O. Gill and Gifford Pinchot. 12mo.

Neighboring Americans. By Mary Clark 237 p. $2.00. The Macmillan Co. New Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. 75 cents. York, 1920. Fleming H. Revell, New York, 1920. Ohi'o was taken as the subject for a state-wide religious survey. The The problem of making the for- findings have been revised by the Com- eigner into an intelligent, useful Amer- mission on Church and Country Life ican citizen is one that calls for the of the Federal Council of Churches.

best thought and Christian effort. Mrs. They are made clear by charts, maps Barnes' first step in the solution is and statistics. Every state should "plain neighborliness." She goes on have a similar survey, planned and to write of the way to bring this about paid for by its own churches. Here -teaching English to adults, interest- we see townships that are over- ing the people in the Church, cooper- churched and others that are neg- ating with Daily Vacation Bible lected. In 317, or 27 per cent of the Schools, public schools and libraries, rural townships, there is no resident and by distributing literature. She minister. Illiteracy and illegitimacy concludes: "Let us take for our sym- abound most in the southeastern sec- bol, not the brazen 'melting pot,' but tion where missionary work is most a living tree, with many ingrafted needed. Farm property has the low- stocks, sharing a common life, bearing est value in the same section.

various fruits and all combining to provide shelter and refreshment for Schools with a Message in India. By the world." Prof. D. J. Fleming. Illustrated. 12mo. 209 pp. Oxford University Press, New Pearl's Secret. By Mrs. Howard Taylor. York, 1921. 16mo. 2 s. 6 d. Morgan and Scott, London, 1920. This is another volume resulting from the visit of the commission that A bright little English girl in China went to India last year to study village h the subject of this sketch. She was education from a Christian viewpoint.

full of life and love and full of mis- It is a practical study of particular chief, too. She was a Christian, and schools, and what they are accomplish- the message of her life is the Chris- ing in the way of vocational training tian's secret-and how she learned it. adapted to Indian needs. Twelve It is a helpful story, well told-espe- chapters describe twelve types of .cially for parents. schools-factory, apprentice, voca- tional, middle schools, industrial insti- Rural Evangelism. By James E. Wag- tutions tor young women, etc. They ner. 12mo. 176 pp. Methodist Book are a valuable contribution and worthy Concern, 1920. of careful study by every missionary. Rural evangelism is a problem by itself. Country churches cannot se- Yarns of the Near East. By Basil cure large crowds or costly campaigns Mathews. 12mo. 80 pp. Paper, 1 shilfor protracted meetings. There is, ling net. United Council for Missionary however, great need for practical and Education. London, 1920.

persistent evangelism in rural districts. With facile pen Mr. Mathews tel1s Dr. Wagner writes from experience seven true stories-of St. Paul, Mo- and his book is the result of confer- hammed, Abdallah, Henry Martyn, E.

ences with rural pastors. The chap- D. Cushman and Archibald Forder.

ters deal with general principles rather They are especially adapted for use than with definite methods attempted with groups of boys.

Are You Going This Summer?

(Continued from back co~'er.) Date Place INature of COllferellcc' Write to ~————— ·IR. July 11-16 …… 110ntrose, Pa.. ···Isummer School …. M. Honeyman, 1[onlrose, . I,. Pa. July 12-19 …… )iorthfield, Mass.. 'Voman s Forelgn A. G. :Moody, E. Korthfield, Missions Mass.

July 12-22 …… Lake Ceneya, Wis. Sunday School …… Geo. P. Knox. 1516 Mailers Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

July 12-20 …… :-Jorthfield, Mass. " Foreign }'lissions … Mrs. Wm. Waters, 156 Fifth AYe., New York.

July 12-17 ….. ' Montreat, N. C… !Foreign Missions … Mrs. J. B. Snedecor. Tusca- I loosa, Ala.

July 15-24 ……."tlanta, Ga……. 'Christian and Mis- 690 8th Ave., New York.

R. , sionary Alliance* M. Honeyman, Montrose, , Pa. July 18-28 …… "'[ontrose, Pa…… General Bible …….

July 19-29 …… Asilomar. Cal. … IMissionary Education Jno. C. Worley, 435 Van Nuys Movement Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal.

July 19-29 …… Ocean Park, M e . . I Missionary E du ca ti o n Asa M. Parker, Bridgewater, Movement Mass.

July 21-28 …… :-Jorthfield, Mass.. IReligious Education 'IA. G: Moody, E. Northfield. Mass.

July 22-31 …… Willoughby – a n – Bible Study ……… Herbert lIIcKenzie. 2202 E.

the-Lake. O. .I 80th St., Cleveland, O.

July 23-31 …… Orion, Mich…… IBible Study ……… C. E. Wakefield, 630 pe.nobscot Bldg.. Detroit. Mich.

July 24-29 …… Lakeside, O…… ,Foreign Missions … Mrs. Jno. Mitchell, 16,)11 De- troit A ve.. Cleveland, O. July 25-31 ., …. Stony Brook, L. 1. Missionary ……… Ford C" Ottman, 156 Fifth Ave.. lew York.

July 26-Aug. 6 . Seabeck, Was h. . . ::>.fissionary E d u c ation IJn o. H. ) ,[a tthews, Plymouth , :Movement Church. Se attle. Wash. I Tuly 30-Aug. 14 .,:orthfield, Mass.. Christian Workers. ·i'A. C. Moody. E. Northfield. . Mass.

July 31-Aug. 5 .. Lakeside, O…… 1)'le~hodist Home Mis-'I'carrie L. Barge, Delaware. O.

SlOns Aug. 1-7 ……. Mountain Lake 'Foreign 1I1issions … Susal: C. Lodge. 1720 Arch St., Park. ~fd. '" I Plllla .. Pa.

Aug. 1-7 ……. CollegeYllle, Pa… iChnsban vvorkers .. C. D. Yost. Collegeville. Pa. Aug..2:12 …… Lake Ceneva, Wis.'Missionary Education Paul R. Reynolds, 19 W. Jack- "I .i' . , Movement son St., Chicago. A~. 3-11 .. ,. Wooster, O. . …. iForeign Missions … "'frs. Smith Conley, Champion !" I St., Columbus, O.

Aug. 6-14 ….•. New Concord, O.. Bible Study ……… J. Knox Montgomery. New 1;' . Concord. 0 I Aug. 6-14 lew Wilmington, :Foreign 1ifissions … 'IMisS Anna Milligan, 200 K.

R. Pa. i 15th St., Phila., Pa.

Aug. 13-19 ….. Chautauqua, N. Y. :Foreign Missions … Mrs. T. Adams, 2033 E. 68th I 'I St., New York.

Aug. 13-19 ….. Chautauqua, N. Y. !Home Missions ….. Mrs. Samuel Semple, Titus- I ville, Pa. . I. .

Aug. 19-28 ….. Wmona Lake, Ind'IBlble Study …….. V. M. Hatfield, Wmona Lake. Ind. Aug, 20-30 ….. Lake Ceneva. Wis.!Foreign Missions … ~lrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 1". Elm- wood Ave .. Oak Park. Ill.

Aug, 20-28 ….. Tarkio, Mo….•• IForeign :fissions … :1rs. ]. F. Witherow, Tarkio, I Mo.

Aug. 20-30 ….. Lake Geneva, Vlis.jHome Missions …. ·IMiss Fral)ces Comee, 2969 Ver- Aug. 21-28 ….. Stony Brook, L. I. IGeneral Bible …… 'IIF nont Ave., Chicago, Ill. Fifth ord C. Ottman, 156 I Ave.. lew York.

Aug. 23-25 ., … Winona Lake, Ind'IEvangelistic …….. IV. M. Hatfield. Winona Lake.

Ind" J. B. Ala. Sept. 10-17 Tuscaloosa. Ala. Foreign lIfissions .. ' lI)'1lraso. s a, Snedecor, Tusca- Sept. 17-24 (colored) … ! Atlanta, Ga. (col- Foreign lfissions ored) Sept. 19-24 Dallas, Tex. . . . .. Foreign Jfissions … 111rs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel 'I Drive, Dallas, Tex. I I These conferences and summer schools will be held in all parts of the United States .and Canada. Most of them combine recreation and study. Their programs are varied and inspiring. Prominent missionaries and other leaders give 'addresses and lead courses on the mission study textbooks (Home and Foreign) for the coming year. They also include Best Methods, Story Telling, Bible Study and other helpful features to make up a worth while program. For further information, uite to the office mentioned, or the Mrs- SJOXARY R};vn;w OF THE VORLD, Summer Conference Department, 156 Fifth Avenue, N'ew York City.

Date Place ra/ul'c of COl/fercnce Write to — ——– —- "fay 29-June 4 i .ngeles, Cal.. Foreign "fissions … ~rrs. S. B. Hicks. 138 E . . .h e ..

. Los "fay ~9-June 4 I .ngeles, Cal. 'Home :Missions Los _-ngeles, Cal. …. 1rs..-. W. Rider, 612 St. Paul 'I'LOS :-r. Jnne 1-.) …. 'ICIitt01~ Springs, Int~n.'ational ~Iiss'y AYe., Los Angeles, Cal.

F. La~amme, One Madison , ~. 'to Ll1lOl1 .-,·e.. ~ew York.

June 1-7 …… i1inneapolis, :Iinn.Foreign :Iissions …. Mrs. W. U, Smith, 1044 ~Iar- I I I shall Ave., St. Paul.

June ;;-12 .. ,'., IPenns Crove, :.::. J.:Victorious Life* …. Victorious Life Testimony, 600 I I . ." ,Perry Bldg.• Phila., Pa.

June 6-10 …. ,. Houston, Tex…. ;Forelgn MIssIons … [Mrs .. Jake Armstrong, 1109 I Education;'R.Amy.taGAreveen.,e,HRooulslitlo,lns, June 7-17 …… Vinter Park, Fla.. Tex. 'I Missiollary College, Movement I Wlllter Park, FIonda.

June 11-17 ….. Golden, Coln_ …. 'Presbyterian Young ,Wm. Ralph Hall, Colo. School ! People* I of Mines, Golden, Colo.

June 12-19 "'" Denver, Colo… ,. Christian Fundamen- iW. B. Riley, 6 S. 11th St., Min- i neapolis, Minn. tals June 14-18 …. , Lebanon, Ill…… Foreign Missions ., 'l~lr~. ]. D. Bragg,. Webster , Grove, Ill.

June 23-30 …. , Winona Lake, Ind.! Foreign Missions .. 'IMrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elm- , wood Ave., Chicago.

June 24-July 4 .. Blue Ridge, N. C.. IMissionary Education H. F. Williams, Box 330, l'ash- I ~fo'ement "ille, Tenn.

June 24-July 1 "I:TOrthfield, Mass.. Young Women ….. A. G. Moody, E. Northfield, / I.. . Mass. June 28-July 5 .. Chambersburg, Pa.I'Forelgll ~IISSlOllS … Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, I Pa. June 29-July 5 .. Winona Lake, Ind.iPresbyterian* ……. 92R Witherspoon Bldg., Phila., . ' Pa.

July'1-12 ……. ISan Diego, Cal. .. iBaptist* ………… J. D. Springton, 313 W. 3d St., I ' Los Angeles, Cal.

JUly 5-]2 …..•. ,:'::orthfield, Mass.. ·Home "fissions., … :1rs. P. ,,1. Rossman, 203 "V.

'[ , 85th St.. New York.

July 8-]8 """ Silver Bay, N. Y. Missionary Edncation G. Q. LeSourd, 150 Fifth Ave., I ! Movement :'::ew York.

July 9-16 …… ,Frederick, ,,[d…. Reformed Church* A. V. Casselman, 15th & Race i . Sts., Phil a., Pa. July 9-16 . '" … ·~rount Hermon, IForeign Missions Mrs. ]. C. Alter, 21 111. Ave., Cal. Oakland, Cal.

July 9-16 ……. Mount Hermon, ,Home Missions· ….. Mrs. C. C. Lombard, 2227 Sev- enth Ave., E. Oakland, Cal. July 9-17 …. , .. :IOxCfaol.rd, Pa…… ,United Presbyterian* I W. B. Anderson, 200 N. 15th St., Phila., Pa.

*There are in addition the following series of Conferences: The Y. M. C. A. (write to the International Committee. 347 Madison Ave., New York), the Y. W. C. A. (write to 600 Lexington Ave., New York), the Presbyterian Young People's (Wm. Ralph Hall. Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia), Lutheran (United Lutheran Headquirters, 437 Fifth Ave., New York). Reformed Church in U. S. (A. V. Casselman, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia), Baptist (Miss Houston. 276 Fifth Ave., New York), Presbyterian Conferences (423 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia), Victorious Life Conferences (600 Perry Building, Philadelphia), United Presbyterian (W. B. Anderson, 200 N. 15th St., Philadel- phia), Christian and Missionary Al1iance (690 Eighth Ave., New York), Methodist Church of Canada . (Confederation Life Building, Toronto), American Friends (B. Villis Beede, IOI S. 8th St., Rich- mond. Ind.).

(Concluded on preceding page.)